Appendix C Cultural Resources Inventory
This document contains confidential appendices that are not available for review by the general public. Qualified individuals may view these confidential appendices by appointment only at the City of La Mesa Planning Department.
INVENTORY OF CULTURAL RESOURCES for the LA MESA SEWER REPAIR AND REPLACEMENT STATE REVOLVING FUND PROJECT IN LA MESA, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA
Prepared for: PBS&J 9275 Sky Park Court, Suite 200 San Diego, California 92123
Lead Agency: City of La Mesa 8130 Allison Avenue La Mesa, California 91942
Prepared by: Shelby Gunderman, M.A. Associate Archaeologist
ASM Affiliates, Inc. 2034 Corte del Nogal Carlsbad, California 92011
October 2010 PN 16650
Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter Page
NADB TITLE PAGE ...... v
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... vi
1.0 INTRODUCTION...... 1 1.1 PROJECT DESIGN ...... 1 1.2 EXISTING CONDITIONS...... 6 1.2.1 Environmental Setting...... 6 1.3 CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL OVERVIEW ...... 6 1.3.1 Prehistory ...... 6 1.3.1.1 Paleo-Indian Period...... 6 1.3.1.2 Archaic Period ...... 7 1.3.1.3 Late Prehistoric Period ...... 7 1.3.1.4 Ethnohistoric Period...... 8 1.3.2 Historic Period ...... 9 1.3.2.1 Brief History of La Mesa...... 10 1.4 RECORDS SEARCH RESULTS ...... 11 1.5 APPLICABLE REGULATIONS...... 23
2.0 GUIDELINES FOR DETERMINING SIGNIFICANCE ...... 25
3.0 RESULTS...... 27 3.1 SURVEY METHODS ...... 27 3.2 NATIVE AMERICAN PARTICIPATION/CONSULTATION ...... 27 3.3 SURVEY RESULTS ...... 28 3.2.1 Previously Recorded Site ...... 32 3.2.2 Newly Discovered Resources...... 33
4.0 INTERPRETATION OF RESOURCE IMPORTANCE AND IMPACT IDENTIFICATION ...... 35 4.1 RESOURCE IMPORTANCE...... 35 4.2 IMPACT IDENTIFICATION ...... 35
5.0 MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS – MITIGATION MEASURES AND DESIGN CONSIDERATION ...... 37 5.1 NO SIGNIFICANT ADVERSE EFFECTS ...... 37
La Mesa Sewer Repair and Replacement State Revolving Fund Project i Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Chapter Page
6.0 REFERENCES ...... 39
7.0 LIST OF PREPARERS AND PERSONS AND ORGANIZATIONS CONTACTED ...... 43
8.0 LIST OF MITIGATION MEASURES AND DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS ...... 45
APPENDICES...... 47 APPENDIX A. City of La Mesa Sewer Repair and Replacement Project Maps APPENDIX B. State Water Resources Control Board Consultation APPENDIX C. SCIC Record Search - Confidential APPENDIX D. NAHC Consultation - Confidential APPENDIX E. Staff Resumes APPENDIX F. DPR Form
ii La Mesa Sewer Repair and Replacement State Revolving Fund Project Table of Contents LIST OF FIGURES
Page Figure 1. Project location...... 1 Figure 2. Project vicinity...... 2 Figure 3. City of La Mesa’s study area and the APE...... 4 Figure 4. City of La Mesa’s APE adjacent to the San Diego Trolley ROW, facing west...... 29 Figure 5. City of La Mesa’s APE adjacent to the San Diego Trolley ROW, facing west...... 30 Figure 6. City of La Mesa’s APE adjacent to Grossmont Center Drive Trolley Station, facing northwest...... 31 Figure 7. Grossmont Summit Drive and Interstate 8 bisecting CA-SDI-144, facing east...... 32 Figure 8. Grossmont Summit Drive and Interstate 8 bisecting CA-SDI-144, facing west...... 33
LIST OF TABLES
Page Table 1. Previously recorded resources within the study area and 1-mi. search radius* ...... 12 Table 2. Cultural Resources Reports Addressing Areas within the APE and 1-Mile Search Radius ...... 12 Table 3. Historical Structures Located within 1 Mile of the City’s Study Area ...... 16
La Mesa Sewer Repair and Replacement State Revolving Fund Project iii
NADB Title Page NADB TITLE PAGE
Author: Shelby Gunderman, M.A. ASM Affiliates, Inc. 2034 Corte del Nogal, Carlsbad, California 92011 760-804-5757
Date: October 2010
Report title: Inventory Of Cultural Resources for the La Mesa Sewer Repair and Replacement State Revolving Fund Project, in La Mesa, San Diego County, California
Submitted by: ASM Affiliates, Inc.
Submitted to: PBS&J, 9275 Sky Park Court, Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92123
USGS Quadrangles: El Cajon and La Mesa
Acres: Study area is approximately 1427 acres; APE is 152,880.1 linear feet
Keywords: Sewer repair and replacement, City of La Mesa, CA-SDI-144
New Sites: none
Updated Sites: CA-SDI-144
La Mesa Sewer Repair and Replacement State Revolving Fund Project v Executive Summary EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The City of La Mesa Sewer Repair and Replacement Project consists of the repair or replacement of up to approximately 100,000 linear ft. of sewer pipelines with a replacement priority ranking of 0 through 8 within the City of La Mesa’s Sewer Maintenance Zones 2 and 3. As part of the project, a record search was conducted at the South Coastal Information Center (SCIC) and with the Sacred Lands Files of the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC). A field survey was carried out by ASM Affiliates, Inc. (ASM) on August 6, 2010 and October 25, 2010 that covered segments of the sewer pipeline alignments within the project that were not located within the paved roadbed.
The area of potential effect (APE) was developed through a consultation with the State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) and consists of previously disturbed sewer pipeline trenches. The trenches will be approximately 2.5 ft. wide. The vast majority of the APE is located within currently paved roadbeds. A directed survey was performed on segments of the APE not located within a paved roadbed.
The record search revealed that only one previously recorded site is within the study area. This site was not relocated during the current survey. No new sites, isolates, or historic properties were identified. The one previously identified resource had not been evaluated for eligibility for listing in the California Register of Historical Resources (CRHR) and National Register of Historic Places (NHRP). This resource appears to have been destroyed as a result of construction of the Interstate 8 freeway, Grossmont Summit Drive, and a residence.
Survey and documentation of sites complied with the reporting specifications in the California Office of Historic Preservation Planning Bulletin Number 4(a), December 1989, Archaeological Resource Management Reports (ARMR): Recommended Contents and Format (ARMR Guidelines) for the Preparation and Review of Archaeological Reports.
vi La Mesa Sewer Repair and Replacement State Revolving Fund Project 1. Introduction 1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 PROJECT DESIGN
The City of La Mesa (City) proposes to replace up to approximately 100,000 linear ft. of sewer pipeline in Maintenance Zones 2 and 3 of the City’s sewer system. The proposed project is located in the City of La Mesa, within San Diego County, California (Figure 1) The project area is shown on the USGS 7.5’ El Cajon and La Mesa quadrangles in Township 16 South, Range 1 West, unsectioned City of La Mesa land (Figure 2). The City has developed a project study area that encompasses all of Sewer Maintenance Zones 2 and 3. A consultation with the SWRCB took place to determine the APE for the City of La Mesa Sewer Repair State Revolving Fund (SRF) Loan Program Project (Project).
The purpose of the cultural resources survey was to aid in compliance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) and the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA). Section 106 is applicable to federal undertakings, including projects financed or permitted by federal agencies, regardless of whether the activities occur on land that is managed by federal agencies, other government agencies, or private landowners. The City of La Mesa Sewer Repair and Replacement Project is federally funded through the SRF Loan Program and falls under this act. In practice, the NRHP criteria for significance applied under Section 106 are generally (although not invariably) concordant with CRHR criteria.
Figure 1. Project location.
La Mesa Sewer Repair and Replacement State Revolving Fund Project 1 1. Introduction
Figure 2. Project vicinity.
2 La Mesa Sewer Repair and Replacement State Revolving Fund Project 1. Introduction The City of La Mesa has approximately 57,000 residents and encompasses an area of approximately 9 mi2. The City owns, operates, and maintains approximately 156 mi. of sewer mains of various sizes and is a member of the San Diego Metropolitan Sewerage System (Metro). Metro owns and operates the Point Loma Wastewater Treatment Plant, which accepts wastewater from the City. The City of La Mesa is allocated a maximum capacity of approximately 7.0 million gal. per day (MGD) at this treatment plant, and the City is currently discharging about 4.7 MGD of wastewater during average dry-weather flows.
The City has had ongoing sewer overflows due to wet weather inflow and infiltration into the sewer system for many years. Inflow occurs from runoff entering the sewer system via manholes, while infiltration occurs from water entering cracks and breaks in the sewer pipes. In addition to the City’s facilities, the increased flows during wet weather events also impact the Metro wastewater treatment plant, placing a burden on the treatment plant’s capacity. Additionally, the City of La Mesa discharges its wastewater into sewer systems of the City of San Diego, the City of Lemon Grove, and the Spring Valley Sanitation District (County of San Diego), which conveys the wastewater to the Point Loma Wastewater Treatment Plant. These agencies have flow limitations on the amount of wastewater discharge allowed for the City of La Mesa into each sewer system.
The City has been repairing and replacing sections of sewer pipe since 1987. In 1998, the San Diego Regional Water Quality Control Board (RWQCB) issued a Cleanup and Abatement Order (No. 98-70) instructing the City of La Mesa to take the necessary remedial action to cease the discharge of raw sewage overflows. In 2004, the City applied for an SRF Loan Program to fund the engineering and replacement of approximately 50,000 linear ft. of sewer pipe between 2004 and 2009.
Currently, the City is embarking on the next phase of sewer remediation and will be applying to the SRF Loan Program for the replacement of up to an additional 100,000 linear feet of sewer pipeline in portions of Maintenance Zones 2 and 3 of the City’s sewer system (Appendix A: City of La Mesa’s Sewer Repair and Replacement Project Maps). In general, the existing pipes, which are vitrified clay pipes (VCP), would be replaced with either polyvinylchloride (PVC) or high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipes. To determine the condition of the City’s sewer system, the sewer pipelines were visually inspected using closed circuit television (CCTV) technology. Each sewer pipeline inspected using CCTV has been assigned a condition rating based on a priority level rating system. Priority Level 0 indicates that a pipe is in excellent condition and does not need any repair, while Priority Level 8 indicates that a pipe is in very poor condition and must be replaced. The pipes identified as having no rating indicate that they have not been visually inspected using CCTV technology. The priority level of individual sewer line segments is shown on the City of La Mesa’s Sewer Repair and Replacement Project Maps in Appendix A. The proposed project includes the remediation and rehabilitation of City sewer pipelines in Maintenance Zones 2 and 3 over all priority levels (Priority Levels 0 through 8); these sewer pipelines make up the APE (Figure 3).
La Mesa Sewer Repair and Replacement State Revolving Fund Project 3 1. Introduction
Figure 3. City of La Mesa’s study area and the APE.
4 La Mesa Sewer Repair and Replacement State Revolving Fund Project 1. Introduction The proposed project will be constructed in multiple phases. The phases will most likely be implemented by geographic area. It is estimated that 12,000 to 15,000 linear ft. of pipeline will be replaced per year. To ensure adequate future capacity, existing 6-in. pipes may be upsized and replaced with 8-in. pipes, consistent with the minimum pipe size identified in the City’s Design Guidelines. Some existing 6-in. and 8-in. pipes may be rehabilitated (lined) rather than replaced, depending on their current condition.
The replacement of the sewer pipes would reduce the additional stormwater intrusion and would ultimately reduce the amount of sewer flows being discharged to the Point Loma Wastewater Treatment Plant. In most cases, the replacement pipes would be installed within the same trench and at approximately the same depth as the existing pipes. However, if potable water pipelines are currently located in the trench, then the replacement sewer pipes would require separation consistent with the California Department of Public Health requirements. In this case, the existing sewer pipeline would be removed and the replacement sewer pipeline would be located at a safe distance from the existing potable water line within the public street right-of-way (ROW) or easement. In some cases, some existing lines may be relocated for better hydraulics and/or easier maintenance. The trench size for the removal of existing pipes and replacement with new pipes would be approximately 2.5 ft. wide. In addition, existing manholes would be replaced with new manholes or rehabilitated depending upon their condition and compliance with current Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) standards. The construction of the replacement sewer lines would occur in segments from manhole to manhole. A temporary sewer pipe would be installed to divert the sewer around the section being replaced.
The City of La Mesa developed a study boundary around all sewer lines within Maintenance Zones 2 and 3, in order to assess all possible indirect effects to cultural resources. The APE was then developed in consultation with Madeline Hirn of the SWRCB. The City defined the APE as the existing sewer pipelines within the roadbed only, and will not include any adjoining private properties that may contain historic structures. The City’s APE includes all construction areas, including staging areas, as well as the built environment in proximity to the construction areas, which may be subjected to indirect effects. The City has determined that all construction and staging areas will be located within the roadbed and previously disturbed portions of the City’s ROW. If the proposed APE is changed to include any areas outside of the current ROW, additional surveys will be conducted to identify possible cultural resources, including historic properties. The APE consists of segments of the sewer pipelines within Maintenance Zones 2 and 3, which were assigned a Priority Level of 0 through 8 (see Figure 3). The trenches are approximately 2.5 ft. wide. The APE consultation with the SWRCB is included as Appendix B.
As part of the Project, a records search was conducted at the SCIC and a field survey was carried out by ASM on August 6, 2010 and October 25, 2010. The field survey examined all sewer pipeline segments within the APE that were not located within the paved roadbed. This survey included sewer segments located on the City of La Mesa Project Maps E-04, F-02, F- 03, F-04, G-01, G-03, G-04, and H-04 in Appendix A.
La Mesa Sewer Repair and Replacement State Revolving Fund Project 5 1. Introduction 1.2 EXISTING CONDITIONS
1.2.1 Environmental Setting The project area is contained within the city of La Mesa, which is located approximately 14 mi. east of the Pacific Ocean and immediately adjacent to the eastern boundary of the City of San Diego. The project area, like most of western San Diego County, is located on a series of marine terraces. Over the past 2.5 million years, erosion has cut canyons through the terraces, creating Alvarado Creek and Chollas Creek within La Mesa. These natural drainages have become important elements of the modern development and drainages within the community (City of La Mesa 2005).
The city of La Mesa is located in the transition zone between the coastal and the foothill zones. Elevation above sea level ranges from approximately 400 ft. to over 1,300 ft. The elevation of the majority of the study area is between 500 to 700 ft. above sea level. The City’s study area is located within the Alvarado Creek drainage basin, which empties into the Pacific Ocean through Alvarado Creek (City of La Mesa 2005).
Development of the city began in the late 1800s, and very little natural vegetation remains. Vegetation within the City’s study area includes nonnative landscaping, native and nonnative grasslands, and wetlands within drainage and runoff areas (City of La Mesa 2005).
1.3 CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL OVERVIEW
1.3.1 Prehistory Archaeological fieldwork along the southern California coast has documented a diverse range of human occupation extending from the early Holocene into the Ethnohistoric period (Erlandson and Colten 1991; Jones 1992; Moratto 1984). A variety of different regional chronologies, often with overlapping terminology, have been used in coastal southern California, and they vary from region to region (Moratto 1984). Today, the prehistory of San Diego County is generally divided into three major temporal periods: Paleo-Indian, Archaic, and Late Prehistoric. These time periods are characterized by patterns in material culture that are thought to represent distinct regional trends in the economic and social organization of prehistoric groups. In addition, particular scholars referring to specific areas utilize a number of cultural terms synonymously with these temporal labels: San Dieguito for Paleo-Indian, La Jolla for Archaic, and Yuman for Late Prehistoric (Meighan 1959; Moriarty 1966; Rogers 1939, 1945; True 1966, 1970; Wallace 1978; Warren 1964).
1.3.1.1 Paleo-Indian Period The antiquity of human occupation in the New World has been the subject of considerable debate over the last few decades. A widely accepted model is that humans first entered the western hemisphere between 12,000 and 15,000 years B.P. While there is no firm evidence of human occupation in coastal southern California prior to 12,000 B.P., dates as early as 23,000
6 La Mesa Sewer Repair and Replacement State Revolving Fund Project 1. Introduction B.P. and even 48,000 B.P. have been reported (Bada et al. 1974; Carter 1980; Rogers 1974). The amino acid racemization technique used to date these sites has been largely discredited, however, by more recent accelerator radiocarbon dating of early human remains along the California coast (Taylor et al. 1985). Despite intense interest and a long history of research, no widely accepted evidence of human occupation of North America dating prior to 15,000 B.P. has emerged.
As in most of North America, the earliest recognized period of California prehistory is termed Paleo-Indian. In southern California, this period is usually considered to date from at least 10,000 B.P. until 8500 to 7200 B.P. (Moratto 1984; Warren et al. 2008), and is represented by what is known as the San Dieguito complex (Rogers 1966). Within the local classificatory system, San Dieguito assemblages are composed almost entirely of flaked stone tools, including scrapers, choppers, and large projectile points (Warren 1987; Warren et al. 2008). Until recently, the near absence of milling tools in San Dieguito sites was viewed as the major difference between Paleo-Indian economies and the lifeways which characterized the later Archaic period.
1.3.1.2 Archaic Period The Archaic period (also referred to as the Early Milling Period) extends back at least 7,200 years, possibly to as early as 9000 B.P. (Moratto 1984; Rogers 1966; Warren et al. 2008). Archaic subsistence is generally considered to have differed from Paleo-Indian subsistence in two major ways. First, gathering activities were emphasized over hunting, with shellfish and seed collecting of particular importance. Second, milling technology, frequently employing portable ground stone slabs, was developed. The shift from a land-based subsistence focus to a mostly littoral focus is traditionally held to mark the transition from the Paleo-Indian period to the Archaic period. In reality, the implications of this transition are poorly understood from both an economic and cultural standpoint (see Warren et al. 2008 for an excellent review).
Early Archaic occupations in San Diego County are most apparent along the coast and the major drainage systems that extend inland from the coastal plains (Moratto 1984). Coastal Archaic sites are characterized by cobble tools, basin metates, manos, discoidals (disk-shaped grinding stones), a small number of “Pinto” and “Elko” series dart points, and flexed burials. Together, these elements typify what is termed the La Jolla complex in San Diego County, which appears as the early coastal manifestation of a more diversified way of life.
1.3.1.3 Late Prehistoric Period In his later overviews of San Diego prehistory, Malcolm Rogers (1945) hypothesized that around 2000 B.P. Yuman-speaking people from the Colorado River region began migrating into southern California. This hypothesis was based primarily on patterns of material culture in archaeological contexts and his reading of ethnolinguistics. This “Yuman invasion” is still commonly cited in the literature, but some later linguistic studies suggest that the movement may have actually been northward from Baja California.
La Mesa Sewer Repair and Replacement State Revolving Fund Project 7 1. Introduction Assemblages derived from Late Prehistoric sites in San Diego County differ in many ways from those in the Archaic tradition. The occurrence of small, pressure-flaked projectile points, the replacement of flexed inhumations with cremations, the introduction of ceramics, and an emphasis on inland plant food collection, processing, and storage (especially acorns) are only a few of the cultural patterns that were well established by the second millennium A.D. The centralized and seasonally permanent residential patterns that had begun to emerge during the Archaic period became well established in most areas. Inland semisedentary villages appeared along major watercourses in the foothills and in montane valleys where seasonal exploitation of acorns and piñon nuts was common, resulting in permanent milling stations on bedrock outcrops. Mortars for acorn processing increased in frequency relative to seed-grinding basins.
1.3.1.4 Ethnohistoric Period In ethnohistoric times, two main cultural groups occupied coastal San Diego County: the Uto- Aztecan-speaking Luiseño (including Juaneño) in the north and the Kumeyaay, Ipai, Tipai, or Diegueño in the south. Traditionally, Luiseño territory encompassed an area from roughly Agua Hedionda Lagoon on the coast, east to Lake Henshaw, north into Riverside County, and west through San Juan Capistrano to the coast (Bean and Shipek 1978; Kroeber 1925; Rivers 1993). The region inhabited by various bands of the Kumeyaay was much larger and probably extended from Agua Hedionda Lagoon eastward into the Imperial Valley and southward through much of northern Baja California (Almstedt 1982; Gifford 1931; Hedges 1975; Luomala 1978; Shipek 1982; Spier 1923).
The Kumeyaay inhabited a diverse environment including marine, foothill, mountain, and desert resource zones. The Kumeyaay speak a Yuman language (including the dialects Ipai and Tipai) within the large Hokan superfamily.
There seems to have been considerable variability in the level of social organization and settlement patterns among the Kumeyaay. The Kumeyaay were organized into bands containing members of non-localized patrilineal, patrilocal lineages that claimed prescribed territories, but did not own the resources except for some minor plants and eagle aeries (Luomala 1978; Spier 1923). Some of the bands occupied procurement ranges that required considerable residential mobility, such as those in the deserts (Hicks 1963). In the mountains, some of the larger bands occupied a few large residential bases that would be shifted biannually, such as those inhabited in Cuyamaca in the summer and fall, and in Guatay or Descanso during the rest of the year (Almstedt 1982; Rensch 1975). According to Spier (1923), many desert and mountain Kumeyaay spent the spring to autumn in larger residential bases in the upland procurement ranges, and wintered in mixed groups in residential bases along the eastern foothills on the edge of the desert (i.e., Jacumba and Mountain Springs). This variability in settlement mobility and organization reflects the great range of environments within Kumeyaay territory. Most of Kumeyaay mythology was quite similar to the Quechan and Mojave of the Colorado River, as well as other Yuman groups in the Southwest (Gifford 1931; Hicks 1963; Luomala 1978; Spier 1923; Waterman 1910).
8 La Mesa Sewer Repair and Replacement State Revolving Fund Project 1. Introduction 1.3.2 Historic Period Although the earliest historical exploration of the San Diego area can be traced to 1542 with the arrival of the first Europeans, particularly the exploration of San Miguel Bay (i.e., San Diego Bay) by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, the widely accepted start of the historical period is 1769 with the founding of the joint Mission San Diego de Alcalá and Royal Presidio. The Hispanic period in California’s history includes the Spanish Colonial (1769-1821) and Mexican Republic (1821-1846) periods. This era witnessed the transition from a society dominated by religious and military institutions consisting of missions and presidios to a civilian population residing on large ranchos or in pueblos (Chapman 1925).
The first intensive encounter of Spanish explorers and coastal villages of Native Americans was in 1769 with the establishment of Mission San Diego de Alcalá. The Mission of San Juan Capistrano was subsequently established in 1776, followed by San Luis Rey de Francia in 1798. The missions “recruited” the Native Americans to use as laborers and to convert them to Catholicism. Local Native Americans rebelled briefly against Spanish control in 1775. Most of the individuals who participated in the attack were from Tipai settlements south of the San Diego River Valley. The Ipai to the north apparently did not participate in the rebellion, reflecting possible political affiliations at the time of the attack (Carrico 1981:Figure 2).
The effects of missionization, along with the introduction of European diseases, greatly reduced the Native American population of southern California. Estimates for Luiseño population at the time of contact range from 5,000 to as many as 10,000 individuals. Kumeyaay population levels were probably similar or somewhat higher. Many of the local Kumeyaay were incorporated into the Spanish sphere of influence at a very early date. Inland Luiseño groups were not heavily affected by Spanish influence until 1816, when an outpost of the mission was established 20 mi. further inland at Pala (Sparkman 1908). Most villagers, however, continued to maintain many of their aboriginal customs and simply adopted the agricultural and animal husbandry practices learned from Spaniards.
By the early 1820s, California came under Mexico’s rule, and in 1834, the missions were secularized. This resulted in political instability and Indian uprisings against the Mexican rancheros. Many of the Kumeyaay left the missions and ranchos and returned to their original village settlements (Shipek 1991). When California became a state in 1850, the Kumeyaay were heavily recruited as laborers and experienced even harsher treatment. Conflicts between Native Americans and encroaching Anglos finally led to the establishment of reservations for some villages, such as Pala and Sycuan. Other Mission Indian groups were displaced from their homes, moving to nearby towns or ranches. The reservation system interrupted the social organization and settlement patterns, yet many aspects of the original culture still persist today. Certain rituals and religious practices are maintained, and traditional games, songs, and dances continue, as well as the use of foods such as acorns, yucca, and wild game.
The subsequent American period (1846 to present) witnessed the development of San Diego County in various ways. This time period includes the rather rapid dominance over Californio culture by Anglo-Victorian (Yankee) culture and the rise of urban centers and rural
La Mesa Sewer Repair and Replacement State Revolving Fund Project 9 1. Introduction communities. A Frontier period from 1845 to 1870 saw the region’s transformation from a feudal-like society to an aggressive capitalistic economy in which American entrepreneurs gained control of most large ranchos and transformed San Diego into a merchant-dominated market town. Between 1870 and 1930, urban development established the cities of San Diego, National City, and Chula Vista, while a rural society based on family-owned farms organized by rural school district communities also developed. The Army and Navy took an increased interest in the San Diego harbor between 1900 and 1940. The Army established coastal defense fortifications at Fort Rosecrans on Point Loma, and the Navy developed major facilities in the bay (Fredericks 1979; Moriarty 1976; Van Wormer and Roth 1985). The 1920s brought a land boom (Robinson 1942) that stimulated development throughout the city and county. Development stalled during the depression years of the 1930s, but World War II ushered in a period of growth based on expanding defense industries.
1.3.2.1 Brief History of La Mesa The area where La Mesa is now located was originally part of the extensive lands belonging to the Mission of San Diego de Alcalá. Following the secularization of mission lands by the Mexican government, Pío Pico, the last Mexican governor of California, granted 60,000 acres of ex-mission land to Santiago Argüello, comandante of the Presidio of San Diego. In 1869, Robert Allison arrived in San Diego from northern California and purchased land, including over 4,000 acres of former mission lands from Argüello. Allison’s property extended from present-day Allison Avenue in downtown La Mesa to near Sweetwater Dam. Allison and his son used the land to graze herds of cattle and sheep which they drove down from northern California. The area where they watered the cattle was known as Allison Springs.
In 1885, the completion of a second transcontinental railroad to southern California sparked a land boom in San Diego County. The boom created a demand for water to support the growing population and to irrigate the land for agriculture. In 1887, the San Diego Flume Company, formed to bring water from the Cuyamaca Mountains to San Diego, purchased 4,000 acres north of Allison Avenue and filed a subdivision map naming it La Mesa Colony. In 1889, the San Diego Flume Company completed the 36-mi.-long wooden flume that carried water from Lake Cuyamaca through the mountains to the Eucalyptus Reservoir in the Grossmont area. With a steady supply of water available for irrigation, 5- and 10-acre citrus ranches sprang up in the vicinity of La Mesa. Also in 1889, the Cuyamaca Railroad line was completed between San Diego and Lakeside, providing access to the undeveloped areas of east county from San Diego and also providing transportation for produce from east county ranches to the urban markets in San Diego, Los Angeles, and beyond. In 1894, A. S. Crowder and Joseph Allison filed the La Mesa Springs subdivision map. A train depot and store were also built that year (Kettler 2001:1-6).
A severe drought around the turn of the twentieth century precipitated La Mesa’s urban development. As citrus groves died from lack of water, farmers decided to sell their unprofitable land to developers. By 1905, citrus groves were being replaced by graded streets and house lots. By 1912, when the city incorporated, La Mesa had a population of 700. The 1920s was a decade of rapid growth as the city expanded. A theater was built, and many of the
10 La Mesa Sewer Repair and Replacement State Revolving Fund Project 1. Introduction original wooden storefronts were replaced. Improved roadways provided easy access to San Diego via automobiles. By 1929, the city’s population topped 2,500 (Kettler 2001:7-14).
The population continued to rise during the Depression years, albeit more slowly. An influx of military families and defense industry workers to San Diego during World War II resulted in a rapid increase in population in nearby towns such as La Mesa. During the war years, the population of the La Mesa increased to over 6,000. The economy of San Diego boomed in the postwar years due to the expanding aeronautical industry, attracting a new influx of residents to La Mesa as repatriated servicemen settled in the San Diego area with their families. Through the efforts of La Mesa residents and veterans, a new American Legion building was constructed on University Avenue in 1947 (La Mesa American Legion n.d.). The downtown commercial district continued to grow through the 1950s. A new city hall and library complex was constructed in the late 1950s. The construction of the Grossmont Center in 1961, the third shopping center built in San Diego, marked a radical change in the downtown core of La Mesa. The city continued to develop and evolve throughout the 1960s. Interstate 8 was completed, and the city annexed land north of the new freeway. In the downtown area, older buildings were torn down and replaced by larger, more modern commercial buildings. Single- family homes were increasingly replaced by apartment buildings and condominiums. By 1976, the population had reached 42,500 (Kettler 2001:17).
1.4 RECORDS SEARCH RESULTS
In order to review all available archaeological data within the study area and a 1-mi. search radius around it, a record search was performed on June 11, 2010, at the SCIC at San Diego State University, which holds the California Historical Resources Information System (CHRIS).
The record search indicated that 10 cultural resources, six with primary designations and four with trinomial designations, have been previously identified within the 1-mi. search radius of the City’s study area. Only one of the resources, CA-SDI-144, is located within the City’s study area and the proposed APE. Descriptions of all of the 10 previously recorded resources located within the study area and 1-mi. search radius are provided in Table 1.
SDI-144 is located within the City’s study area, and a portion of the project’s APE intersects the site. Treganza recorded the site at an unknown date, and no information identifying or describing the site was provided in the site record. As mapped, the site is located beneath and adjacent to the I-8 freeway and Grossmont Summit Drive.
Seventy-two technical reports have addressed cultural resources within the 1-mi. search radius of the City’s study area. Twenty-four of the previous studies have evaluated approximately 30 percent of the City’s study area. No previously conducted cultural resource studies have taken place within the remainder of the City’s study area. Descriptions of the previously conducted cultural resource studies within the study area and 1-mi. search radius are provided in Table 2.
La Mesa Sewer Repair and Replacement State Revolving Fund Project 11 1. Introduction Table 1. Previously Recorded Resources within the Study Area and 1-Mile Search Radius*
Designation Primary Relation to Number Trinomial Present Study P-37- CA-SDI- Boundary Contents Recorder, Date 027476 - Outside HP2. Single Family Residence Simmerman, 2005 HP2. Single Family Residence, HP4. 027477 - Outside Ancillary Building, HP29. Landscape Bensoussan, 2004 Architecture HP2. Single Family Residence, HP4. 027473 - Outside Ancillary Building, HP29. Landscape Bensoussan, 2004 Architecture, HP46. Walls/Gates/Fences 027470 - Outside HP2. Single Family Residence O’Hara, 2003 027467 - Outside HP2. Single Family Residence Christensen, 1997 HP8. Industrial Building, HP13. Social Hall, HP11. Engineering Structure, 030867 - Outside Noah and Doose, 2009 HP28. Street Furniture, HP20. Trees/Vegetation 000144 144 Inside Unknown Treganza, n.d. AP2. Lithic Scatter, AP3. Ceramic 005816 5816 Outside Scatter, AP4. Bedrock Milling Features, Corum, 1978 AP15. Habitation Debris Mock and Thompson, 005694 5694 Outside AP2. Lithic Scatter 2007; Norwood 1978 Robbins-Wade, 2010; 031186 19,760 Outside AP2. Lithic Scatter, AP13. Trail Hanna, 1978, Rogers, n.d. * Site within the City’s study area and APE is bolded.
Table 2. Cultural Resources Reports Addressing Areas within the Study Area and 1-Mile Search Radius
NADB Relation to No. Authors Date Title Present APE Draft Environmental Impact Report for the Master 113220 Myra Herrmann 2009 Outside Storm Water System Maintenance Program Report of an Archaeological Survey for a Proposed 1120024 Debra A. Dominici 1985 Route 94, 125 Widening Project in San Diego Outside County A Cultural Resource Reconnaissance for Fletcher 1120070 Stephen A. Apple 1981 Outside Highlands Archaeological / Historical Survey of the San 1120226 Richard Carrico 1977 Outside Carlos Park Project 1120352 Richard Carrico 1974 Archaeological Survey of Helix Bay View Outside An Archaeological Survey Report for a Portion of 1120571 Joyce M. Corum 1977 Proposed Interstate 15 and Route 52/ I-15 Outside Interchange Cultural Resources Survey of the Proposed Santee- 1120586 Dayle M. Cheever 1989 Outside La Mesa 30-inch Gas Pipeline
12 La Mesa Sewer Repair and Replacement State Revolving Fund Project 1. Introduction
NADB Relation to No. Authors Date Title Present APE Evaluated a portion 1120618 Gary R. Fink 1973 The Archaeology of Cuyamaca Street Extension of the APE Dayle Cheever and An Archaeological Survey of the West Main Street Evaluated a portion 1120777 1987 Dennis Gallegos Improvement Project of the APE Archaeological and Historical Resources of the Evaluated a portion 1120868 Gary R. Fink 1975 Spring Valley Creek Floodplain, Spring Valley, of the APE California, Project No. UJ0129 1984 First Addendum: Acquisition of a 45 Acre Evaluated a portion 1120907 Karen Crotteau 1984 Parcel for Use as a Maintenance Station and of the APE Alternate Site 11-SD-L-5702, 11209-135401 A Cultural Resource Study of the Murray, Cowles, 1120994 David Hanna 1978 Outside and Fortuna Mountain Regional Park Park & Ride Parking Lot Development 11-SD-125 1121059 Scott Fulmer 1983 Outside P. M. Navajo Fanita 11209 to 910024-59571-25 Evaluated a portion 1121061 Scott Fulmer 1983 Road Connector Right-of-Way of the APE An Environmental Impact Report (Archaeology) of a 1121133 Barbara A. Loughlin 1974 Outside 21.5 Acre Helix Lake Project An Archaeological Survey Report for the 1121204 Don Laylander 1988 Construction of State Route 125 between Routes 54 Outside and 94, San Diego County, California Archaeological Survey Report for the Proposed Evaluated a portion 1121218 Karen Crotteau 1983 MTDB Urban Transit Corridor of the APE An Environmental Impact Report of a 16 Acre 1121222 Phyllis Easland 1975 Outside Parcel in San Diego County First Addendum: Negative Archaeological Survey Evaluated a portion 1121368 Martin D. Rosen 1988 Report Extension of Route 125 from Fletcher of the APE Parkway in La Mesa to Route 52 in Santee Archaeological Survey Report for the Proposed Extension of Route 125 from Fletcher Parkway in 1121370 Martin D. Rosen 1986 Outside La Mesa to State Route 52 in Santee, San Diego County, California Phase I Archaeological Survey Report for Lane 1121706 Harry J. Price, Jr. 1980 Additions and Sound Barrier on Interstate 8, 11- Outside SD-8 P.M. 8.5-10.4 11203-189821 Third Addendum Archaeological Survey for Evaluated a portion 1121829 Joyce M. Corum 1989 Proposed State Route 52, 11-SD-52 P.M. 7.3/17.2, of the APE 11222-047050 Results of a Cultural Resource Evaluation Study for Evaluated a portion 1122929 Brian F. Smith 1993 the Padre Dam Municipal Water District Phase I of the APE Reclaimed Water System Project Results of a Cultural Resource Study of the Padre 1123098 Brian F. Smith 1992 Dam Municipal Water District Phase 1 Reclaimed Outside Water System Project Mitigated Negative Mid-City Water Transmission Evaluated a portion 1123360 Myra S. Hermann 1998 Pipeline/Group jobs 489A and 490A of the APE Draft Environmental Impact Report for the Lake 1124185 RECON 1978 Murray, Cowles, and Fortuna Mountain Regional Outside Park 11-SD-08 P.M.8.5/10.4 11203-189821 Auxiliary 1124450 Harry Price 1980 Outside Lanes & Sound Barriers Report of an Archaeological Survey for a Proposed 1124836 Debra Dominici 1985 Route 94, 125 Widening Project in San Diego Outside County Negative Archaeological Survey Report District II, 1125442 Dayle Cheever 1984 Outside County of San Diego Route 15 Postmile 8.5-8.8
La Mesa Sewer Repair and Replacement State Revolving Fund Project 13 1. Introduction
NADB Relation to No. Authors Date Title Present APE Negative Archaeological Survey Report District 11 Evaluated a portion 1125443 Scott Fulmer 1983 County of San Diego, Route 125 of the APE Historical Property Survey Report Proposed Evaluated a portion 1125447 Martin Rosen 1987 Extension of State Route 125 from Fletcher Parkway of the APE in La Mesa to State Route 52 in Santee Negative Area Survey Report District 11, County of 1125675 Richalene Kelsay 1987 Outside San Diego Cultural Resource Assessment for Pacific Bell 1125989 Curt Duke 2000 Wireless Facility SD 419-01, County of San Diego, Outside California Negative Archaeological Survey Report 11-SD-L- Karen Crotteau and Evaluated a portion 1126521 1984 5702 - Acquisition of a 4.5 Acre Parcel for Use as a Douglas Kupel of the APE Maintenance Station Negative Archaeological Survey Report – First Evaluated a portion 1126608 Martin D. Rosen 1988 Addendum District 11, County of San Diego of the APE Archaeological Investigations For Proposed Project 1126730 John A. Nadolski 2001 Outside at 7 Cell Tower Sites Archaeological Monitoring of the Water Main Evaluated a portion 1127371 Dayle M. Cheever 1994 Replacement Group 477, San Diego, California of the APE Santee Light Rail Transit Project: Cultural 1127464 ERCE 1990 Outside Resources Technical Report Cultural Resource Assessment AT&T Wireless 1127489 Curt Duke 2002 Services Facility No. 10045A-04, San Diego Outside County, California Cultural Resource Assessment AT&T Wireless Evaluated a portion 1127491 Curt Duke 2002 Services Facility 10051A-05, San Diego County, of the APE California Cultural Resource Assessment Cingular Wireless 1127506 Curt Duke 2002 Outside Facility No. SD 709-01, San Diego County, CA. Cultural Resource Assessment Cingular Wireless 1127964 Curt Duke 2002 Outside Facility No. SD 886-01, San Diego County, CA Cultural Resource Assessment Cingular Wireless Evaluated a portion 1128104 Curt Duke 2002 Facility No. SD 651-03 of the APE Cultural Resource Assessment Cingular Wireless 1128114 Curt Duke 2002 Outside Facility No. SD 959-03, San Diego County, CA 1128443 Glenn Russell 2002 Appendix: 5189 Mt. Helix Drive, La Mesa, CA Outside Draft Environmental Impact Study of Grossmont 1128563 Burnett and Wong 1980 Outside Highlands Cultural Resource Assessment for Cingular Wireless Evaluated a portion 1129057 Carolyn Kyle 2003 Facility SD-651-03 City of La Mesa, County of San of the APE Diego, California Cultural Resource Assessment for Cingular Wireless Evaluated a portion 1129058 Carolyn Kyle 2002 Facility SD 651-02, City of La Mesa, County of San of the APE Diego, California Cultural Resource Assessment for Cingular Wireless Evaluated a portion 1129085 Carolyn Kyle 2002 Facility SD 771-02 City of La Mesa, California of the APE Archaeological Resource Inventory, Grossmont Evaluated a portion 1129210 Mary Robbins-Wade 2004 Trolley Court Apartments, La Mesa, San Diego of the APE County, California Cultural Resource Assessment Verizon Wireless 1129542 LSA 2005 Outside Services Fletcher Hills Facility Cultural Resource Assessment / Evaluation for 1129639 Carolyn Kyle 2001 Cingular Wireless Site CA-SDI-420-04, San Diego, Outside California
14 La Mesa Sewer Repair and Replacement State Revolving Fund Project 1. Introduction
NADB Relation to No. Authors Date Title Present APE Public Notice of a Draft Mitigated Negative Martha Blake and 1130180 2006 Declaration of Community Plan Area Navajo, San Outside Robert J. Manis Carlos Methodist Church Glenn E. Murdock House 9441 Sunset Avenue 1130218 Pamela Bensoussan 2005 Outside (Grossmont Park), La Mesa, CA 91941 Hare House 9150 Wister Drive, La Mesa, 1130219 Darin Simmerman 2005 Outside California 91941 William Gross House 9633 El Gramito Avenue, La 1130222 Pamela Bensoussan 2004 Outside Mesa CA 91941 Cultural Resource Records Search and Site Visit Results for Cricket Telecommunications Facility Wayne H. Bonner and 1130246 2006 Candidate San-515-B (San Carlos Masonic Center), Outside Sarah A. Williams 7849 Tommy Drive, San Diego, San Diego County, California Report to the Historical Board for the City of San Diego Water Utilities Department Alvarado 1130536 Brian Glenn 1993 Outside Filtration Plant Upgrade and Expansion CIP 73- 261 Cultural Resources Final Report of Monitoring and 1130551 Cindy Arrington 2006 Findings for the Qwest Network Construction Outside Project, State of California Cultural Resource Records Search and Site Visit Wayne H. Bonner, Results for Cingular Telecommunications Facility 1131071 Marnie Aislin-Kay, and 2006 Outside Candidate SS-0619-01 (Chicago Title), 5575 Lake Alynne Loupe Parkway, La Mesa, San Diego County, California Historic Property Survey Report for the 1131163 Caltrans 1992 Construction of Route 125 between Routes 54 and Outside 94, San Diego County, California, Volume 3 of 3 Ronald V. May Historical Nomination of the Sara A. Milo W. 1131474 2005 Outside and Dale Ballou May McNeil House, 4612 3rd Street, La Mesa, California Cultural Resource Records Search and Site Visit Wayne H. Bonner and Results for T-Mobile Facility Candidate SD06897A 1131585 2008 Outside Marnie Aislin-Kay (Lemon Avenue Row), Adjacent to 9875 Lemon Avenue, La Mesa, San Diego County, California Cultural Resource Records Search Results for T- Wayne H. Bonner and Mobile Facility Candidate SD06768A (Twin Lake 1131595 2008 Outside Marnie Aislin-Kay Light Pole), 6213 Twin Lake Drive, San Diego, San Diego County, California Cultural Resources Technical Report for the San 1131823 Maureen S. Kick 2007 Outside Diego Vegetation Management Project Archaeological Resources Analysis for the Master 1131826 Mary Robbins-Wade 2008 Stormwater System Maintenance Program, San Outside Diego, California Project No. 42891 Cultural Resource Records Search and Site Visit Wayne H. Bonner, Results for T-Mobile Facility Candidate SD070331 Evaluated a portion 1131900 Kathleen Crawford, and 2008 (Dudas Residence), 2053 Wedgemere Road, El of the APE Marnie Aislin-Kay Cajon, San Diego County, California Cultural Resources Records Search and Site Visit Results for Cricket Telecommunications Facility Wayne H. Bonner and 1131952 2007 Candidate SAN-551C (Crosspoint Life Church), Outside Marnie Aislin-Kay 8809 La Mesa Boulevard, La Mesa, San Diego County, California Negative Cultural Resources Survey Report for 1132163 Heather Kwiatkowski 2009 GAIPA TPM 21162, County of San Diego Outside Department of Planning and Land Use
La Mesa Sewer Repair and Replacement State Revolving Fund Project 15 1. Introduction
NADB Relation to No. Authors Date Title Present APE Bridge Maintenance Activities on 22 Structures on Evaluated a portion 1132167 Martin Rosen 2009 Routes 5, 125, 163, and 274 in San Diego County of the APE Historic Property Survey Report John R. Cook, Deborah Final: A Cultural Resources Inventory of the Evaluated a portion 1132421 Huntley, and Sherri 2000 Proposed AT&T / PF. Net Fiber Optics Conduit of the APE Andrews Ocotillo to San Diego, California Cultural Resources Records Search and Site Visit Wayne Bonner and Sarah Results for T-Mobile USA Candidate SD07033B Evaluated a portion 1132524 2008 Williams (Westwind Row) at Westwind Drive and Murray of the APE Avenue, El Cajon, San Diego County, California
A search of the historic addresses on file at the SCIC identified 256 previously recorded historic structures within the 1-mi. search radius. Descriptions of the previously recorded historic structures within the search radius are provided in Table 3. None of the structures are within the City’s study area or APE. Only one of the historic addresses (9771 Grosalia Avenue – Grosalia Barn Site) is adjacent to the City’s study area. The historic structure has not been evaluated for the NRHP or the CRHR. 9771 Grosalia Avenue is approximately 166 ft. (51 m) south of the southern boundary of the City’s study area. The City has defined the APE as the existing roadbed only, and adjoining private property containing historic structures will not be impacted. 9771 Grosalia Avenue is approximately 630 ft. (192 m) away from the APE and will not be impacted by the sewer repair and replacement project.
Table 3. Historical Structures Located within 1 Mile of the City’s Study Area
Approximate National Primary Distance Register Number from Study Status Address Historic Name Common Name P-37- Area (m) Code 350 El Cajon Rainbow Court Rainbow Court 017489 1,485 5 Boulevard 498 Murray Drive Keeney House Lenita Hill House 017623 470 5 553 Rimrock Road Fricus House Niles House 017681 775 -- 590 Millar Avenue Johnson Home Acosta Home 017621 1,065 5 650 W Washington -- Kurtz Residence 017724 1,365 -- Avenue 656 Front Street Russell Walter House A-16 Building 017501 770 5 664 W Washington Thomas Barber Place Fletcher Property 017725 1,340 -- Avenue 700 Wakefield Court Byers House -- 017716 100 -- 790 Chamberlain Chester Jones House Chester Jones House 017472 1,240 -- Street 831 W Renette Hafferson Home Ashman Home 017679 1,115 5 Avenue 945 Wilson Avenue -- Budvarson Home 017727 890 -- 1100 Murray Drive Grossmont High School Grossmont High School 017624 175 3 1100 Murray Drive Grossmont High School Grossmont High School 017624 175 -- 1153 Pine Drive Jones Place Yuskis Place 017665 630 5 1199 Nidrah Street Anna Johnson House Anna Johnson House 017626 910 4
16 La Mesa Sewer Repair and Replacement State Revolving Fund Project 1. Introduction
Approximate National Primary Distance Register Number from Study Status Address Historic Name Common Name P-37- Area (m) Code 1340 Sierra Circle -- March Home 017684 1,600 -- 2445 Chatham Street -- Byrne House 017476 380 -- 4518 Nebo Drive William Caldwell House Lannie House -- 1,535 5 4523 Acacia Avenue Arnold House Arnold House -- 1,535 5 4532 Palm Avenue Nathan Cross Home James Hobel Home -- 1,420 5 4535 Palm Avenue Ardens Bungalows Palm Bungalows -- 1,335 3 4536 Nebo Drive Ellen Smith House Cure House -- 1,520 5 4538 Alta Lane William Sperry House Sperry House -- 1,545 5 4540 Garfield Street Jenkins House -- -- 1,595 3 4543 Acacia Avenue Warnke House -- -- 1,530 5 4543 Date Avenue Judge Prescott House -- -- 1,610 5 Dr. Charles Samson 4544 Date Avenue Samson House -- 1,610 5 Home Elizabeth Clements 4550 Date Avenue Wray House -- 1,560 5 House 4554 Acacia Avenue Olaf Lingren House Olaf Lingren House -- 1,500 3 4554 Date Avenue James R. Paxton Home Stewart House -- 1,570 3 4555 4th Street Livett-Schultz House Schultz House -- 1,385 5 4558 Acacia Avenue Lingren-Farrell House Lingren-Farrell House -- 1,550 5 4563 Spring Street Baker House Steward House -- 1,400 5 4565 Date Avenue Eleanor Partridge Home Barbosa Home -- 1,585 5 4566 Acacia Avenue Mary Frew House Mary Frew House -- 1,570 5 4569 4th Street Asa Skinner House Skinner House -- 1,385 5 4572 3rd Street Ross Thiele Home Floyd Follett Home -- 1,421 5 4572 Acacia Avenue Tebbetts House Tebbetts House -- 1,550 5 4572 Palm Avenue Robertson Home Scott Home -- 1,475 5 4573 Palm Avenue Kitzman House Littlefield Home -- 1,475 5 Annie Macquarie Self 4576 3rd Street Homer House -- 1,385 5 Home 4576 Acacia Avenue Staples-Orcutt House Orcutt House -- 1,560 5 4576 Nebo Drive William Murphy House Anna Smith House -- 1,600 5 4580 Palm Avenue Frank Krause Home Eugene Johnson Home -- 1,445 5 4582 Palm Avenue Krause Home Ezekiel Hanson Home -- 1,445 5 4583 Acacia Avenue Knudtson-Powell House Knudtson-Powell House -- 1,537 5 4584 Nebo Drive Brotherton House Weber House -- 1,565 5 4585 Panorama Drive Jesse Brown Home Wimer Home -- 1,345 5 4590 Acacia Avenue Martin Knudtson House Martin Knudtson House -- 1,533 5 4596 Palm Avenue Messager Houses -- 1,465 -- 4599 3rd Street Homer Hurlburt Home Hurlburt House -- 1,356 5 4603 Date Avenue Olivia Wentz Home Charles C. Park House -- 1,615 4 Charles Clarence Park Charles Clarence Park 4604 Date Avenue -- 1,615 4 Home Home Dr. Gilbert Larabee 4605 Palm Avenue Larabee House -- 1,445 5 House 4608 Date Avenue Minnie Chase Home John A. Walters Home -- 1,600 5 4609 Date Avenue John M. Barber Home Jay Andrea Home -- 1,370 5
La Mesa Sewer Repair and Replacement State Revolving Fund Project 17 1. Introduction
Approximate National Primary Distance Register Number from Study Status Address Historic Name Common Name P-37- Area (m) Code 4612 3rd Street Mcgraw House Howard House -- 1,380 5 4614 Date Avenue Rosboro House Holz House -- 1,600 5 4616 Nebo Drive Higbee-Sargent House Thorsen House -- 1,475 5 4626 Date Avenue B.H. Williams Home Vencil Meades House -- 1,565 5 4627 Palm Avenue Shipsey House Frank C. Grable House -- 1,440 5 4628 3rd Street John Stavely Home Wright House -- 1,315 5 4629 3rd Street Edgerly House Wylie House -- 1,315 4 4630 Date Avenue Ernest Luff Home Evalena Angell House -- 1,555 5 4634 Nebo Drive Hull-Devoe House Tipsword House -- 1,480 5 Gertude Park Updyke Gertude Park Updyke 4640 Date Avenue -- 1,535 4 Home Home 4643 3rd Street Clara Mccrea House Rudman House -- 1,430 5 4646 3rd Street Corinne Bengston House Weisheit Home -- 1,425 5 4646 Nebo Drive Roehr House Cooper House -- 1,415 5 4651 Date Avenue Rosabrock House Brown House -- 1,510 5 4652 3rd Street John Bengston Home Belt House -- 1,445 5 4652 Date Avenue Henry Hall Home Henry Hall Home -- 1,505 4 4652 Nebo Drive Cook House Allen House -- 1,430 5 4657 4th Street Oliver-Mallery House Frank Oliver House -- 1,190 5 4657 4th Street -- Oliver Mallery House -- 1,485 5 4657 Date Avenue Lucy Beebe Home Lucy Beebe Home -- 1,485 5 4658 Date Avenue Robert S. Hall Home Robert S. Hall Home -- 1,485 4 4661 Date Avenue William Oakes Home Charlotte Oakes Home -- 1,340 5 4661 Palm Avenue Edith Ball Home Hubbard House -- 1,403 4 4662 3rd Street Carroll Smith Home Sanborn House -- 1,180 5 4664 4th Street Tozer House Tozer House -- 1,458 5 4664 Date Avenue David Marker House Marker Apartments -- 1,458 5 4669 Palm Avenue Leonard J. Reader Home Mckenney Home -- 1,340 5 4670 3rd Street Grogan House Lehew House -- 1,360 5 4675 Date Avenue C.C. Park Home C.C. Park Home -- 1,430 4 4676 4th Street Lamoureaux House Lamoureaux House -- 1,156 5 4677 4th Street Mcguire House Davis House -- 1,156 4 4678 3rd Street Washburne House Washburne House -- 1,370 5 4679 Date Avenue Rube Levy Home Rube Levy Home -- 1,435 5 4680 Mission Bell Stewart House Moody House -- 1,140 5 Lane 4685 3rd Street Ronald Crawford Home Halgren House -- 1,205 5 4685 Date Avenue D. Frank Park Home D. Frank Park Home -- 1,440 5 First Methodist First United Methodist 4690 Palm Avenue -- 1,320 4 Episcopal Church Church La Mesa Depot - 4695 Nebo Drive La Mesa Depot -- 1,311 2 Museum 4704 Boulder Place Harding-Gill House Gill House -- 945 5 4705 4th Street Bertha Smith House Charles Gray House -- 1,075 5 4725 4th Street Sheldon Duplex Sheldon Duplex -- 1,205 5
18 La Mesa Sewer Repair and Replacement State Revolving Fund Project 1. Introduction
Approximate National Primary Distance Register Number from Study Status Address Historic Name Common Name P-37- Area (m) Code 4725 Hillcrest Wade Garfield House Garfield House -- 1,005 5 Avenue 4731 Date Avenue La Mesa Masonic Hall La Mesa Masonic Hall -- 1,300 3 4748 Boulder Place Dewey Thompson House Davis House -- 900 5 First Nat'l Trust & San Diego County 4757 Palm Avenue -- 1,210 4 Savings Bank Records Center 4765 Palm Avenue Piggly Wiggly Store Record Center -- 1,210 4 4767 Mission Bell Eugene Hyatt Home Millman Home -- 1,070 5 Lane 4797 Beaumont Drive Harvey Church House Jones House -- 1,250 5 4810 La Cruz Drive Walter Barber House Luciani House -- 1,155 4 St. Andrew's Episcopal St. Andrew's Parish 4816 Glen Street -- 845 6 Church Site Hall 4818 Cypress Street Katherine Sass House John Bier Home -- 905 5 4827 Palm Avenue Frederick Powell Home Kellock House -- 1,055 5 4829 Beaumont Drive Gould House Gould House -- 1,390 5 4829 Schuyler Watkins Home Kouletsis House -- 660 5 Avenue 4830 Beaumont Drive Darcy House Darcy House -- 1,465 5 4834 Palm Avenue Mcclelland House Wadleigh-Hill Home -- 1,030 5 4835 Schuyler Clyde Hill Home Anderson House -- 665 5 Avenue 4837 Cypress Street Ladimir Mashin House Lucie Sargent Home -- 815 5 4837 Palm Avenue William Meredith Home Woodward Home -- 1,015 5 4837 Schuyler Evans House Sorensen House -- 650 5 Avenue 4840 Lee Avenue John Mann House Boyington House -- 1,440 5 4840 Schuyler Lester Graham Home Cook House -- 640 5 Avenue 4845 Schuyler Mckee House Dahlgren House -- 640 5 Avenue 4846 Beaumont Drive Frank Saunders House Saunders House -- 1,130 -- 4847 Palm Avenue David Hull Home Vandoren Home -- 1,015 5 4852 Cypress Street Edwards Family Home J. Rey Home -- 890 5 4854 Palm Avenue Mary Gibson House Henry Allen House -- 1,000 5 4860 Beaumont Drive Howell-Millsberg House Dawson House -- 1,120 5 4864 Cypress Street Carl Hays Home Crickmore Home -- 895 5 4868 Palm Avenue Palm Cottages Bohnsack Bungalows -- 980 5 4870 Lee Avenue C.W. Anderson House Landholm House -- 1,375 4 4871 Bancroft Drive -- Lyons House -- 1,005 5 4871 Bancroft Drive H.M. Lyons House Lyons House -- 1,005 5 4871 Bancroft Drive -- Lyons House -- 1,005 5 4874 Palm Avenue Walter S. Moore House Langlois House -- 960 5 4880 Bancroft Drive Joe Busch House Joe Busch House -- 970 5 4884 Cypress Street James Chase House Watson House -- 685 5 4901 Colina Drive Charlotte King House Uyeda House -- 890 5 4940 Beaumont Drive Virtue's Sky Harbor Virtue House -- 1,015 5
La Mesa Sewer Repair and Replacement State Revolving Fund Project 19 1. Introduction
Approximate National Primary Distance Register Number from Study Status Address Historic Name Common Name P-37- Area (m) Code 4955 Mills Street Arthur Young Home Horace Tibbetts House -- 860 5 4975 Memorial Drive Porter Hall Porter Hall -- 550 5 4979 Randlett Drive H. Leroy Edwards Home Powell Home -- 370 5 Ping An Shan (Hill Of 4990 Porter Hill Rd Roach/Porter House -- 490 3 Peace) 5156 Bancroft Drive Russell House Russell House -- 465 3 5310 Valle Vista Marie Guy House Hill Home -- 230 3 7710 El Cajon St. Martin's Catholic Old St. Martin's Church -- 1,440 5 Boulevard Church 7747 Sunset Drive Howad Johnson House Natalie Clay House -- 1,595 5 7771 Sunset Drive Edward Clay House Clay House -- 1,535 5 7893 El Cajon Dexter House Dexter House -- 1,120 5 Boulevard 7915 La Mesa -- Couts House -- 1,385 -- Boulevard 7974 El Capitan ------1,095 -- Drive 7985 Normal Avenue Robinson House Robinson House -- 1,640 5 8045 Culowee Street Alvin W. Gray House Alvin W. Gray House -- 1,175 3 8069 Lemon Avenue Harry Park House Zacavich House -- 1,565 5 8071 Lemon Avenue Edward Miller House Edward Miller House -- 1,565 4 8074 Lemon Avenue A.F. Burdick House Burdick House -- 1,565 5 8089 Lemon Avenue Crippen House Crippen House -- 1,575 5 8111 Orange Avenue First Baptist Church First Baptist Church -- 1,365 5 8150 Commercial House Of Canadian La France Studio -- 500 5 Street Relations 8169 Fairview Eli A.D. Reynolds Applegate Home -- 1,575 4 Avenue Home Old Chamber Of Old Chamber Of 8200 Allison Avenue -- 1,140 5 Commerce Building Commerce Building 8201 Finley Avenue Scott King House Scott King House -- 1,565 5 8201 La Mesa Greyhound Depot Volk Building -- 1,310 5 Boulevard Building 8219 Finley Avenue Fred Hirschy Home Hirschy Home -- 1,550 5 8240 Orchard Avenue Webster House Anna Webster Home -- 900 5 8241 La Mesa Blvd La Mesa Store La Mesa Store -- 1,220 5 8258 Orchard Avenue Winfield Rees Home Loomis House -- 900 5 First Church Of Christ, First Church Of Christ, 8262 Allison Avenue -- 1,120 5 Scientist Scientist 8295 La Mesa Heller Building Heller Building -- 1,110 5 Boulevard 8301 La Mesa La Mesa Drug Store La Mesa Drug Store -- 1,110 4 Boulevard 8302 La Mesa Bank Of Southern Bank Of Southern -- 1,110 5 Boulevard California Building California Building 8302 Orchard Avenue Clough House Bertha Clough House -- 885 4 8318 Allison Avenue Bowers Home Bowers Home -- 960 3 8324 La Mesa La Mesa Shoe Store Homeland Florist Shop -- 1,040 5 Boulevard
20 La Mesa Sewer Repair and Replacement State Revolving Fund Project 1. Introduction
Approximate National Primary Distance Register Number from Study Status Address Historic Name Common Name P-37- Area (m) Code 8326 La Mesa Maxwell Furniture Store Butler's Pantry -- 1,040 5 Boulevard 8327 Finley Avenue Messager Houses Messager Houses -- 1,380 5 8327 Finley Avenue Messager Houses -- 1,380 5 8329 La Mesa San Diego Gas & International Gallery -- 1,065 5 Boulevard Electric Building 8330 Allison Avenue Goold House Goold House -- 975 5 8333 La Mesa Farrell's Jewelry Store Pretty & Plump Store -- 1,040 4 Boulevard 8338 La Mesa -- Residence -- 1,040 -- Boulevard 8368 Allison Avenue Simcoe House Simcoe House -- 915 5 8369 University Rev. Henry A. Mckinney House -- 730 3 Avenue Mckinney House 8370 Lemon Avenue Jenkins-Pearce House Ethel Pearce House -- 1,055 5 8376 Lemon Avenue Edward Upp House Upp House -- 1,055 4 Erickson-Anderson Erickson-Anderson 8390 Allison Avenue -- 895 3 Mortuary Mortuary 8391 La Mesa United States Post Office Old Post Office Building -- 935 4 Boulevard Building 8393 Finley Avenue Hurlburt Winslow House Winslow Home -- 1,285 3 8406 Hillcrest Chester Harritt Home Harritt House -- 960 5 Avenue 8407 Lemon Avenue Scott House Rogers House -- 970 4 8411 La Mesa Clements House - Sam Cruz Barber Shop -- 895 5 Boulevard "Asemal" 8414 Lemon Avenue Brierley House Brierley House -- 980 5 8415 Grant Avenue Horatio Houghton House Houghton House -- 830 5 8419 La Mesa Irma Rombauer House Irma Rombauer House -- 860 4 Boulevard 8431 Lemon Avenue Boisen House Boisen House -- 920 3 8433 La Mesa Llewellyn House Fred Heim House -- 830 5 Boulevard 8436 Lemon Avenue Livett House Livett House -- 880 5 8437 La Mesa Mcdaniel Court Del Cerro Court -- 775 3 Boulevard Maxwell-Hancock 8443 Lemon Avenue Maxwell-Hancock House -- 845 5 House 8447 Lemon Avenue Johnson-Howard Howard House -- 845 5 8449 Lemon Avenue David Johnson House David Johnson House -- 845 5 8463 Lemon Avenue Holland House Holland House -- 785 4 8465 Lemon Avenue Alfred Cook House Hippoka House -- 785 5 8497 Fresno Avenue Orrin Orsborn Home Orsborn House -- 1,340 5 8501 La Mesa Geneva Dahlgren Mckee Building -- 570 5 Boulevard Building 8502 Lemon Avenue Margaret Stout House Stout House -- 715 5 8505 Lemon Avenue Christopher House Starkey House -- 710 4 8532 Boulder Drive Guy Williams House Carlson House -- 890 5 8532 Boulder Drive -- Williams House -- 890 5
La Mesa Sewer Repair and Replacement State Revolving Fund Project 21 1. Introduction
Approximate National Primary Distance Register Number from Study Status Address Historic Name Common Name P-37- Area (m) Code 8541 Victory Road ------315 -- 8548 Fresno Avenue Elliott House Bussell House -- 1,330 5 8560 Lemon Avenue Joe Flax House Joe Flax House -- 700 5 8585 La Mesa Little Flower Haven & Little Flower Rest -- 530 4 Boulevard Chapel Home 8601 Lemon Avenue Lillian Hyatt House Frank Kay House -- 700 5 8751 Mariposa Street Grus House Ramey House -- 1,535 4 Lewis A. Jaimeson 8853 Alpine Avenue Curtis House -- 1,175 5 House 8949 Alpine Avenue H.V. Hutchison Home H.V. Hutchison Home -- 1,375 4 9030 Grossmont Janet Lyon House Sheehan House -- 315 5 Boulevard 9105 Madison J. Chris Dahl House Smith Home -- 770 5 Avenue 9119 Fletcher Drive Scott House Ranney House -- 1,150 5 9125 Dillon Drive Jensen House Jensen House -- 535 5 9129 Fletcher Drive Frank Wheeler House Melsbach House -- 1,175 5 9130 Fletcher Drive Johnson-Kirk House Kirk House -- 1,175 5 Henderson-Dobranski 9140 Fletcher Drive Leah Davis House -- 1,175 5 House 9150 Johnson Drive Annibo Cappello Home Capello House -- 1,135 5 9150 Wister Drive Hare House Gale Home -- 145 5 9151 Dillon Drive Dillon House Dillon House -- 505 5 9217 Virginian Lane Foutz House Bunting Home -- 90 4 9279 Fletcher Drive Malcolm House La Prade House -- 1,215 5 9298 Lemon Avenue Hurley House Quackenbush House -- 1,015 5 9320 Mesa Vista ------420 -- Avenue 9335 Wister Drive Sissons House Ghio House -- 10 5 9397 Lemon Avenue Crawford Home Springer Home -- 970 5 A. Bergman Crawford 9400 Lemon Avenue Conway Home -- 970 5 Home 9410 Sierra Vista John Vance Cheney Kelly House -- 55 4 Avenue House 9419 Sierra Vista Horace Upp House Cassady Home -- 55 4 Avenue 9439 Alto Drive Pennington House Gardner House -- 770 5 9447 La Cuesta Drive Feeney House Heath House -- 1,535 5 9499 El Granito ------75 -- Avenue 9519 El Granito -- Retsloff House -- 90 -- Avenue Carrie Jacobs Bond 9623 Summit Circle -- -- 395 -- Home 9633 El Granito -- William Gross House -- 85 -- Avenue 9737 Summit Circle ------290 -- Grosalia Barn; Grosalia 9771 Grosalia Avenue -- -- Adjacent -- Barn Site
22 La Mesa Sewer Repair and Replacement State Revolving Fund Project 1. Introduction
Approximate National Primary Distance Register Number from Study Status Address Historic Name Common Name P-37- Area (m) Code 9772 Evans Place Grossmont Cottages Wray House -- 370 5 9840 Grosalia Avenue -- Davis House -- 90 -- 9856 Sierra Vista -- Arthur Morris House -- 105 -- Avenue 9951 El Granito -- Schumann Heink House -- 245 5 Avenue 9045 Madison David Jeter Home Foster House -- 745 5 Avenue 9050 Madison Bruington-Culley House Culley House -- 715 5 Avenue 5310 Valle Vista ------245 -- 9633 El Granito William Gross House William Gross House 027473 100 -- Avenue 9150 Wister Drive Hare House 027476 150 -- Marie Schumann- 5310 Valle Vista Heinke And Hubert Guy Heink Guy Residence 027485 215 5S2 Residence Mt. Helix Nature 0 Mount Helix Drive -- -- 1,290 -- Theatre 4523 Acacia Avenue Arnold House Arnold House 019884 1,570 -- Sara A. And Milo W. 4612 Third Street Howard House -- 1,215 -- Mcneil House 10010 Country View Lee And Mary Packard / Lee And Mary Packard -- 580 -- Park Ralph L. Frank House / Ralph L. Frank House 10385 Bonnie Lane Cornelius House Cornelius House -- 1,245 -- 10385 Bonnie Lane Cornelius House Cornelius House -- 1,245 5
1.5 APPLICABLE REGULATIONS
Districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects are assigned significance based on their exceptional value or quality illustrating or interpreting the heritage of San Diego County and the City of La Mesa in history, architecture, archaeology, engineering, and culture. A number of criteria are used in demonstrating resource importance.
In general, cultural resources that have data of scientific value are recommended as significant and eligible for NRHP and/or CRHR listing, based on the application of federal evaluation criteria in Section 106 of NHPA (36 CFR 60.4, as amended by Public Law 94-93), and state criteria for significant resources under CEQA (Pub. Res. Code SS5024.1, Title 14 CCR, Section 4852). CEQA contains regulations regarding cultural resources as historical resources, unique archaeological sites, and human remains. These provisions assist in assessing the importance of cultural resources. Section 15064.5 (a) of the CEQA guidelines provides a definition of “Historical Resources”; Section 15064.5 (c) contains additional provisions regarding archaeological sites; and Sections 15064.5 (d) and (e) contain additional provisions regarding human remains.
La Mesa Sewer Repair and Replacement State Revolving Fund Project 23 1. Introduction The City of La Mesa’s General Plan (La Mesa 2005) outlines the City’s three goals of historic preservation. These goals make up the Historic Preservation Element of the General Plan that was first adopted in 1984. They are:
1. To broaden the recognition by La Mesans that the spirit and direction of the City’s growth is substantially reflected in its historic past; 2. To safeguard our heritage by preserving those elements that reflect our cultural, social, economic and architectural history so that community residents will have a foundation upon which to measure and direct physical change; and 3. To strengthen the local economic base by stabilizing and improving property values through the identification and protection of specific historic districts [La Mesa 2005].
Determining what is an important cultural resource worth preserving is a subjective and interpretive process. Therefore, it is useful to utilize a standard assessment approach to evaluate cultural resources. In order to evaluate cultural resources, a comprehensive assessment must be conducted, including measuring the resource against the above Section 106 and CEQA guideline provisions and criteria established by the NRHP, CRHR, and the City of La Mesa’s General Plan Historic Preservation Element, as well as assessing the integrity of the resource.
24 La Mesa Sewer Repair and Replacement State Revolving Fund Project 2.0 Guidelines for Determining Significance 2.0 GUIDELINES FOR DETERMINING SIGNIFICANCE
Determining resource significance is a two-step process. First, the cultural environment must be identified. Then the criteria for determining significance must be applied to the resource. When cultural resources have been identified, the cultural environment has been defined, and the baseline condition have been set, then the quality of significance of the resource in regards to history, architecture, archaeology, engineering, and culture within historic buildings, sites, structures, and objects, as well as traditional cultural properties and districts, can be determined.
A number of criteria are used in identifying the significance of historical/archaeological resources and are based upon the criteria for inclusion in the NRHP and the CRHR. Significance is assigned to districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects that possess exceptional value or quality to assist in illustrating or interpreting the heritage of San Diego County in history, architecture, archaeology, engineering, and culture.
A cultural resource is determined significant if the resource is listed, or determined to be eligible for listing, in the NRHP, CRHR, the San Diego County Local Register of Historical Resources, or any local government registers. Any resource that is significant at the National or State level is by definition significant at the local level. The CRHR also lists California State Landmarks and Points of Historical Interest. Properties of local significance that have been designated under a local preservation ordinance (local landmarks or landmark districts), or that have been identified in a local historical resources inventory, may be eligible for listing in the CRHR and are presumed to be significant resources unless a preponderance of evidence indicates otherwise.
The fact that a resource is not listed in, or determined to be eligible for listing in the CRHR, or is not included in a local register of historical resources (pursuant of Section 5020.1(k) of the Public Resources Code), or is not identified in an historical resources survey (meeting the criteria in Section 5024.1(g) of the Public Resources Code) does not preclude a lead agency from determining that the resource may be an historical resource as defined in Public Resources Code section 5020.1(j) or 5024.1.
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3.0 Results 3.0 RESULTS
3.1 SURVEY METHODS
A directed pedestrian survey was conducted on August 6, 2010 and October 25, 2010. ASM Associate Archaeologist Shelby Gunderman served as the Field Director. ASM Principal Sinéad Ní Ghabhláin served as Principal Investigator and Project Manager. (Qualifications of key personnel are summarized in Appendix E.)
Segments of the APE identified as being outside of the paved roadbed were surveyed in a directed pedestrian survey. The directed survey of the APE focused on unpaved segments of the sewer pipelines that might be likely to contain cultural resources. Areas with a slope greater than 30 percent were considered to have a low potential for cultural resources and were not surveyed. Several areas were inaccessible due to dense brush or ground cover, private property, the San Diego Trolley ROW, and homeless encampments.
Survey forms summarizing the progress, condition, and findings of the survey were completed. These forms included a description of vegetation, as well as estimates of ground surface visibility, rated as poor (0-25 percent), fair (26-50 percent), good (51-75 percent), or excellent (76-100 percent). Evidence for buried cultural deposits was opportunistically sought through inspection of natural or artificial erosional exposures and the spoils from rodent burrows.
The pedestrian surveys complied with the California Office of Historic Preservation (1995) instructions for recording cultural resources. Photographs were taken of the APE and are curated at ASM’s Carlsbad office.
An update for the existing site forms were completed for one site. Standard DPR 523 forms were used; one copy was submitted to the SCIC.
3.2 NATIVE AMERICAN PARTICIPATION/CONSULTATION
A Sacred Lands File records search with the NAHC was requested by ASM on June 11, 2010. A response was provided by Dave Singleton, the NAHC’s Program Analyst, on June 28, 2010. The NAHC did not indicate the presence of Native American cultural resources within ½-mi. of the study area (Confidential Appendix D). The NAHC recommended that 21 local tribal groups or individuals to be contacted regarding potential sacred sites in the area. Letters of inquiry were sent to all groups on the contact list on July 1, 2010; no written responses have been received to date. In addition, all groups and individuals recommended by the NAHC were called on August 5, 2010. Only two parties were reached, Rebecca Osuna and M. Louis Guassac. Messages were left requesting a call back if the additional contacts had comments or questions regarding the project. To date, one additional telephone response, from Carmen Lucas, has been received. A summary of the phone conversations is provided in the NAHC
La Mesa Sewer Repair and Replacement State Revolving Fund Project 27 3.0 Results Follow-Up Call Log in Confidential Appendix D. Rebecca Osuna, Spokesperson of the Inaja Band of Mission Indians, stated that she has no comments because the project area is outside of her tribal jurisdiction. M. Louis Guassac, Executive Director of the Kumeyaay Diegueno Land Conservancy, is concerned cultural resources might be disturbed in the project area because the original sewer lines were put in before cultural resource laws and studies were applicable. He recommended that any ground disturbance be monitored. Carmen Lucas, of the Kwaaymii Laguna Band of Mission Indians, commented that work within the area of the previously recorded site, SDI-144, should be monitored, and if any other cultural resources were identified in the field survey those areas should be monitored as well.
3.3 SURVEY RESULTS
During the current directed survey, thirteen sewer pipeline segments were examined for cultural resources. These areas were either located within an unpaved section of the APE, or contained a previously identified cultural resource site. The areas surveyed and the results of the survey are described below and referenced to the City’s project map on which they appear (Appendix A). No new sites or isolates were identified within the APE. The one previously recorded site, SDI-144, within the APE, was not relocated. Additional segments of the APE are located outside of the roadbed along unpaved segments of the APE, however these areas were not surveyed because they are on private property and no access was provided.
E-04: The sewer pipeline extends through open land along the ROW north of Fletcher Parkway and south of Parkway Drive. An approximately 8-ft.-wide by 700-ft.-long section of land was surveyed. The section is lined on both sides with sidewalks and has been developed. Woodchips and nonnative vegetation obscure the ground surface. Visibility was poor, and no cultural resources were identified. The sewer pipeline also extends approximately 100-ft. through open land north of Fletcher Parkway between Nagel Street and Lambda Lane. Visibility in this area was poor and the ground surface was obscured by vegetation and a ditch filled with storm water. The northern 50-ft of the sewer line is located on a steep slope adjacent to a developed residential area. No cultural resources were identified.
F-02: The sewer pipeline runs east-west through La Mesita Park and north-south along the boundary of La Mesita Park and Highway 125. La Mesita Park is a developed city park containing playgrounds, picnic tables, bathrooms, open grass fields, concrete sidewalks, and recreational facilities. The sewer pipeline runs east-west under the picnic area, a grass field, and a cement skateboarding course and north-south along the grass field and adjacent to non- native vegetation along the retaining wall demarcating the boundary of the park. Historical aerials from the U.S. Department of Agriculture show that La Mesita Park was constructed between 1968 and 1980. The park is not on the 1968 or earlier aerials, which show the area as open land with several dirt roads running through it. La Mesita Park is visible on the 1980 aerial. The ground surface visibility was poor, and no cultural resources were identified.
28 La Mesa Sewer Repair and Replacement State Revolving Fund Project 3.0 Results F-03, F-04, and G-03: The sewer pipeline runs parallel to the northern boundary of San Diego Trolley ROW from the Amaya Drive Trolley Station on the east to Grossmont Center Drive on the west, and from the Grossmont Center Drive Station south to Center Drive. This area is covered with thick vegetation, standing water, and concrete-lined storm drains (Figures 4 and 5). Portions of the area were examined for cultural resources during the survey. However, access was not provided within the San Diego Trolley ROW, and a large homeless camp was present, the latter area was avoided. Visibility was poor, and no cultural resources were identified. Based on the survey and the 1953, 1960, 1968, and 1980 historic aerials from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the area was developed during construction of the surrounding roadways, business parks, and the trolley line. The section of sewer pipeline, shown on Map F-04, which runs from the trolley station at Grossmont Center Drive south to Center Drive is located on a steep hill with a slope of approximately 45 degrees. The hillside section was not surveyed due to the steepness of the hill and its location within the San Diego Trolley ROW (Figure 6). Ground surface visibility in this area is poor, and the hillside is covered with thick nonnative vegetation. No cultural resources were identified.
Figure 4. City of La Mesa’s APE adjacent to the San Diego Trolley ROW, facing west.
G-01: The sewer line runs parallel to Fletcher Parkway along open land between the roadbed and the sidewalk, from the northern boundary of the City’s study area south for approximately 500 ft. During the survey, the sewer pipeline was identified within a strip of land between the roadbed and the sidewalk, and the area was developed during construction of the road and
La Mesa Sewer Repair and Replacement State Revolving Fund Project 29 3.0 Results sidewalk. It was covered with nonnative vegetation and contained other utilities as well as road signs. Visibility was good, and no cultural resources were identified.
G-03 and G-04: The sewer pipeline runs through several open areas adjacent to residences off of Wakarusa Street (on the south western edge of Map G-03 and the north western side of Map G-04), through Briercrest Park and Sharp Health Center. Some of these areas were examined from the sidewalk, but were on fenced in private property within the residential areas, additional sewer pipelines run through the developed Briercrest Park and landscaped areas within Sharp Health Center. The APE appears to have been developed during construction of the residential neighborhood, Briercrest Park, and the health center. Visibility along the APE was poor due to the presence of dry grasses and landscaping. No cultural resources were identified.
Figure 5. City of La Mesa’s APE adjacent to the San Diego Trolley ROW, facing west.
30 La Mesa Sewer Repair and Replacement State Revolving Fund Project 3.0 Results
Figure 6. City of La Mesa’s APE adjacent to Grossmont Center Drive Trolley Station, facing northwest.
La Mesa Sewer Repair and Replacement State Revolving Fund Project 31 3.0 Results H-04: Site SDI-144 was mapped south of the I-8 along Grossmont Summit Drive. The sewer pipeline extends through the paved roadbed within the previously recorded site’s mapped location. Open land along the sides of the ROW were surveyed, and no cultural resources were identified within the area mapped as SDI-144. The area has been substantially developed with the construction of the I-8 freeway through the northern section of the site’s location, Grossmont Summit Road through the middle of the site, and a residence in the southern section of the site (Figures 7 and 8). Visibility was poor. Open land between the paved roadbed and sidewalk and the residence was examined for evidence of the site, but no cultural resources were identified. Based on the lack of information on the site form, the poor map quality from the previous recordation of SDI-144, and the amount of the development throughout the site area, it is believed that SDI-144 was destroyed during construction of the freeway, road, and residence. The APE also runs north-south on open land adjacent to a duck pond, north of Murray Drive, directly north of Anthony’s Fish Grotto. The APE in this area was only visible from across the duck pond, as it is located on fenced in private property. The visibility in the APE was poor due to ornamental vegetation surrounding the duck pond. The area has been heavily modified and landscaped. No cultural resources were identified.
Figure 7. Grossmont Summit Drive and Interstate 8 bisecting CA-SDI-144, facing east.
3.2.1 Previously Recorded Site One cultural resource site, SDI-144, was previously recorded within the City’s study area. This site was originally recorded at an unknown date by Treganza. The site form provided no information identifying or describing the site, beyond locational information. As originally
32 La Mesa Sewer Repair and Replacement State Revolving Fund Project 3.0 Results mapped the site is located beneath and adjacent to the I-8 Freeway, Grossmont Summit Drive, and a residence. No cultural resources were identified at the recorded location or in the surrounding area of this resource. The site appears to have been destroyed by development. The DPR site form has been updated. Appendix F includes the updated site form that will be submitted to the SCIC.
Figure 8. Grossmont Summit Drive and Interstate 8 bisecting CA-SDI-144, facing west.
3.2.2 Newly Discovered Resources No newly discovered sites or isolates were identified during the survey.
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4.0 Interpretation of Resource Importance and Impact Identification 4.0 INTERPRETATION OF RESOURCE IMPORTANCE AND IMPACT IDENTIFICATION
4.1 RESOURCE IMPORTANCE
Based on the record search and survey work, the one resource previously recorded within the APE, SDI-0144 has not been evaluated for eligibility. The site was not relocated, and the level of development in the area suggests that the site has been destroyed. At this time, no subsurface testing was conducted to determine the existence or evaluate the site. However, it is possible that remains of the site may exist under the paved roadbed. Therefore, implementation of mitigation measures will protect the integrity of the possible resource. The objective of the treatment measure is to avoid any adverse effects during the sewer repair and replacement activities to any sites that may be NHRP/CRHR-eligible.
4.2 IMPACT IDENTIFICATION
On August 6, 2010, the recorded location of site SDI-144 was surveyed by Shelby Gunderman. The purpose of the site visit was to determine avoidance measures for any possible remnants of the site beneath the roadbed. The site was evaluated for potential impacts as a result of the proposed sewer repair and replacement activities. In this project, avoidance of significant adverse effects was determined as the only appropriate mitigation strategy; no sites or possible sites will be newly impacted during sewer repair and replacement activities (see Section 8.0).
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5.0 Management Considerations – Mitigation Measures and Design Consideration 5.0 MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS – MITIGATION MEASURES AND DESIGN CONSIDERATION
5.1 NO SIGNIFICANT ADVERSE EFFECTS
Implementation of the measures in Section 8.0 (below) will avoid impacts to the possible cultural resources identified during the record search and survey. All sewer repair and replacement activities south of Interstate-8 along Grossmont Summit Drive will take place within the previously disturbed sewer trench. All activities in this area will be constrained by the width and depth of the previously excavated trench. If it is necessary for construction activities to take place outside of the borders of the previously excavated trench, a professional archaeologist must be consulted and testing and monitoring will be necessary.
Throughout the APE, there will be no construction staging, parking, or vehicle entry off of the roadbed, or previously disturbed areas within the APE.
In summary, due to the implementation of the mitigation measures described herein, there will be no adverse effects to cultural resources identified during the project.
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References 6.0 REFERENCES
Almstedt, Ruth 1982 Kumeyaay and Ipay. In APS/SDG&E Interconnection Native American Cultural Resources, edited by Clyde Woods, pp. 6-20. Wirth Associates, San Diego.
Bada, Jeffrey, Roy Schroeder, and George Carter 1974 New Evidence for the Antiquity of Man in North America Deduced from Aspartic Acid Racemization. Science 184:791-793.
Bean, Lowell, and Florence Shipek 1978 Luiseño. In California, edited by Robert F. Heizer, pp. 575-587. Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 8, William C. Sturtevant, general editor. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
California Office of Historic Preservation 1995 Instructions for Recording Historical Resources. Available Online at: http://ohp.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=1069 (cited April 2009)
Carrico, Richard 1981 Native American in San Diego: 1850-1880. Unpublished Master's thesis, Department of History, San Diego State University.
Carter, George 1980 Earlier Than You Think: A Personal View of Man in the Americas. Texas A&M University, College Station.
Chapman, Charles 1925 A History of California: The Spanish Period. Macmillan, New York.
City of La Mesa 1984 Historic Preservation Element and Inventory, Volumes I and II. City of La Mesa, California.
Erlandson, Jon, and Roger Colten 1991 An Archaeological Context for Early Holocene Studies on the California Coast. In Hunter Gatherers of Early Holocene Coastal California, edited by Jon Erlandson and Roger Colten, pp. 1-10. Perspectives in California Archaeology, Volume 1. Institute of Archaeology, University of California, Los Angeles.
Fredericks, Edward 1979 The U. S. Navy in San Diego Prior to World War II. In They Came From the Sea: A Maritime History of San Diego. Cabrillo Historical Association, San Diego.
La Mesa Sewer Repair and Replacement State Revolving Fund Project 39 References Gifford, Edward 1931 The Kamia of Imperial Valley. Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin No. 98. Washington, D.C.
Hedges, Ken 1975 Notes on the Kumeyaay: A Problem of Identification. Journal of California Anthropology 2:71-83.
Hicks, Frederic 1963 Ecological Aspects of Aboriginal Culture in the Western Yuman Area. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of California, Los Angeles.
Jones, Terry L. 1992 Settlement Trends along the California Coast. In Essays on the Prehistory of Maritime California, edited by Terry L. Jones, pp. 1-38. Center for Archaeological Research at Davis No. 10. University of California, Davis.
Kettler, Pat 2001 La Mesa through the Years. In La Mesa through the Years: More than a Century of Local History, by Karna Webster, Pat Kettler, and Carol Lockwood. La Mesa Historical Society.
Kroeber, Alfred 1925 Handbook of the Indians of California. Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin No. 78. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
La Mesa 2005 “General Plan, Land Use”. Electronic document, http://www.cityoflamesa.com/DocumentView.aspx?DID=1639, accessed August 4, 2010.
La Mesa American Legion n.d. Post History, La Mesa Post 282, American Legion. Electronic document, http://www.lamesapost282.org/content, accessed November 2, 2009.
Luomala, Katherine 1978 Tipai and Ipai. In California, edited by Robert F. Heizer, pp. 592-609. Handbook of the North American Indians, Vol. 8, William C. Sturtevant, general editor. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
Meighan, Clement 1959 California Cultures and the Concept of an Archaic Stage. American Antiquity 24:289-305.
40 La Mesa Sewer Repair and Replacement State Revolving Fund Project References Moratto, Michael 1984 California Archaeology. Academic Press, Orlando, Florida.
Moriarty, James 1966 Cultural Phase Divisions Suggested by Typological Change Coordinated with Stratigraphically Controlled Radiocarbon Dating at San Diego. Anthropological Journal of Canada 4:20-30. 1976 The Cabrillo National Monument: A Physical and Cultural Overview. Report prepared for U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Western Regional Office.
Rensch, Hero 1975 The Indian Place Names of Rancho Cuyamaca. Acoma Books, Ramona, California.
Rivers, Betty 1993 The Pendleton Coast District: An Ethnographic and Historical Background. In The Cultural Resources of the Pendleton Coast District. Report on file at Cultural Heritage Section, California Department of Parks and Recreation, Sacramento.
Robinson, W. 1942 The Southern California Real Estate Boom of the Twenties. Southern California Quarterly 24:23-28.
Rogers, Malcolm 1939 Early Lithic Industries of the Lower Basin of the Colorado River and Adjacent Desert Areas. San Diego Museum Papers No. 3. 1945 An Outline of Yuman Prehistory. Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 1:167-198. 1966 Ancient Hunters of the Far West. Union-Tribune, San Diego.
Rogers, Spencer 1974 An Ancient Human Skeleton Found at Del Mar, California. San Diego Museum Papers No. 7.
Shipek, Florence 1982 Kumeyaay Socio-Political Structure. Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology 4:296-303. 1991 Delfina Cuero: Her Autobiography. Ballena Press, Menlo Park, California.
Sparkman, Phillip 1908 The Culture of the Luiseño Indians. University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8:188-234. Berkeley.
Spier, Leslie 1923 Southern Diegueño Customs. University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 20:295-358. Berkeley.
La Mesa Sewer Repair and Replacement State Revolving Fund Project 41 References Taylor, R., L. Payen, C. Prior, P. Slota, R. Gillespie, J. Gowlett, R. Hedges, A. Hull, T. Zabel, D. Donahue, and R. Berger 1985 Major Revisions in the Pleistocene Age Assignments for North American Human Skeletons by C14 Accelerator Mass Spectrometry: None Older Than 11,000 C14 Years B.P. American Antiquity 50:136-140.
True, Delbert 1966 Archaeological Differentiation of Shoshonean and Yuman Speaking Groups in Southern California. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of California, Los Angeles. 1970 Investigation of a Late Prehistoric Complex in Cuyamaca Rancho State Park, San Diego County, California. Archaeological Survey Monographs No. 1. University of California, Los Angeles.
Van Wormer, Stephen, and Linda Roth 1985 Guns on Point Loma: A History of Fort Rosecrans and the Defense of San Diego Harbor. In The Military on Point Loma, pp. 1-20. Cabrillo Historical Association, San Diego.
Wallace, William J. 1978 Post-Pleistocene Archaeology, 9000 to 2000 B.C. In California, edited by Robert F. Heizer, pp. 25-36. Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 8, William C. Sturtevant, general editor. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
Warren, Claude 1964 Cultural Change and Continuity on the San Diego Coast. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of California, Los Angeles. 1987 The San Dieguito and La Jolla: Some Comments. In San Dieguito – La Jolla: Chronology and Controversy, edited by Dennis Gallegos, pp. 73-85. San Diego County Archaeological Society Research Paper No. 1.
Warren, Claude, Gretchen Siegler, and Frank Dittner 2008 Paleo-Indian and Early Archaic Periods. In Prehistoric and Historic Archaeology of Metropolitan San Diego: A Historic Properties Background Study, pp. 13-107. ASM Affiliates, Carlsbad, California.
Waterman, Thomas 1910 The Religious Practices of the Diegueño Indians. University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8:271-358. Berkeley.
42 La Mesa Sewer Repair and Replacement State Revolving Fund Project 7.0 List of Preparers and Persons and Organizations Contacted 7.0 LIST OF PREPARERS AND PERSONS AND ORGANIZATIONS CONTACTED
Shelby Gunderman (ASM Affiliates): Acted as Field Director, created site avoidance and mitigation measures for project, and prepared the technical report and site forms.
Sinéad Ní Ghabhláin (ASM Affiliates): Acted as Project Manager and Principal Investigator and edited the technical report.
Nick Doose (SCIC): Conducted the CHRIS records search
David Singleton (NAHC): Conducted Sacred Lands record search.
La Mesa Sewer Repair and Replacement State Revolving Fund Project 43
8.0 List of Mitigation Measures and Design Considerations 8.0 LIST OF MITIGATION MEASURES AND DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
City Site Map No. Designation Site Type Location Identified Mitigation Measure All sewer repair and replacement activities will take place within the previously excavated sewer South of I-8 trench. The trench must be no more than 2.5 ft. along H-04 CA-SDI-144 Unknown No wide and extend no deeper than previously Grossmont excavated. Consult with a professional Summit Drive archaeologist if construction activities need to take place outside of the trench.
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Appendices
APPENDICES
La Mesa Sewer Repair and Replacement State Revolving Fund Project 47
Appendices
APPENDIX A
City of La Mesa Sewer Repair and Replacement Project Maps
La Mesa Sewer Repair and Replacement State Revolving Fund Project
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APPENDIX B
State Water Resources Control Board Consultation
La Mesa Sewer Repair and Replacement State Revolving Fund Project
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APPENDIX C
SCIC Record Search - Confidential
La Mesa Sewer Repair and Replacement State Revolving Fund Project
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APPENDIX D
NAHC Consultation - Confidential
La Mesa Sewer Repair and Replacement State Revolving Fund Project
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APPENDIX E
Staff Resumes
La Mesa Sewer Repair and Replacement State Revolving Fund Project
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APPENDIX F
DPR Form
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La Mesa Sewer Repair and Replacement State Revolving Fund Project