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Multiple Use Benefits and Land Cover Protection in Peri Urban Forest in Ogun State, Nigeria

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Multiple Use Benefits and Land Cover Protection in Peri Urban Forest in Ogun State, Nigeria 35 Advances in Forestry Science Original Article Multiple use benefits and land cover protection in peri urban forest in Ogun State, Nigeria Jubril Akanni Soaga 1* Sejiro Nugboyon Segbenu 1 1 Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria. * Author for correspondence: [email protected] Received: 03 January 2015 / Accepted: 08 March 2015 / Published: 30 June 2015 Abstract employment for people and contribute to the Gross This paper examined multiple use benefits and land cover Domestic Product of the nation. Forest resources in Nigeria protection of a peri urban forest in Abeokuta, Ogun State, are distributed on State basis with eight major forest types. Nigeria. A total of 100 respondents were selected from 4 As one of the states with forest resources, Ogun State has communities (rural dwellers) living close to the forest. forest reserve that falls under the purview of a peri urban Stratified random sampling approach was used for the study forest. According to Wiggins and Holt (2000), peri urban with each community representing a stratum and 25 was described as areas beyond the closed settled limits of respondents randomly selected from each community. The any urban area but are sufficiently close enough to the urban results revealed that majority of the respondents were female area to have frequent and substantial interactions with the (53%), married (86%) with no formal education (52%) and urban economy. Close enough was taken to mean within 30 forest exploitation cut across all ages with age class 41-50 minutes of journey of the city by public transport. This year-old dominating. The dominating household size (7-8) expression describes Arakanga forest reserve in Abeokuta, was prominent in the exploitation of the forest. Items Ogun State, Nigeria. As a peri urban forest there are exploited from the forest include firewood, medicinal plants, growing settlements developing close to the forest in view leaves, snails, bush meat and geological materials. The of the benefits derivable from the forest. This is in addition annual income of respondents ranged between N60,000- to the interaction with the urban economy. N240,000 with 43% of the respondents in this category. The values of a peri urban forest transcend the valuation Forest contribution to total income in the area was low (15- of forests as land banks as hitherto was the perception of 18%), while contribution to ecosystem services was not early settlers. The list of goods and services that urban evaluated. Despite this, all the respondents were involved in forestry and peri urban forestry can provide is impressive. the exploitation of the forest resources (100%). Thus, the Trees and green spaces help keep cities cool, act as natural forest was regarded as a community forest, a concept not filters and noise absorbers; improve microclimates and well accepted in Nigeria but put into practice in the study protect and improve the quality of natural resources, area. Therefore, there is need to protect the forest because of including soil, water, vegetation and wildlife. Trees the support to livelihood and the environment. contribute significantly to the aesthetic appeal of cities, Consequently, respondents indicated participation in thereby helping to maintain the psychological health of their protecting the vegetation to ensure sustainable exploitation. inhabitants. Beyond ecological and aesthetic benefits, peri It is therefore recommended that devolutionary governance urban forest has a role in helping resource - poor populations of peri urban forests must be encouraged in Nigeria and meet basic needs. other developing countries to strengthen decision making by This therefore underscores the importance of this study involving resident communities. This will go a long way in with the following objectives: (i) describe the socio- ensuring land reform that will improve tenure security of the economic characteristics of peri urban forest population, (ii) rural communities and thereby reduce inter and intra determine the economic contribution of peri urban forest to community conflicts for peaceful co-existence. livelihoods in Ogun State, (iii) identify the multiple benefits Key words : Communities; Low forest income; of the forest and (iv) determine the contribution of the Devolutionary governance; Land reform; Land tenure. respondents to land cover protection in the study area. Introduction Material and methods Nigeria is a country rich in biodiversity. The growing population in the country benefit from different ecosystems Study area and the natural environment. Nigeria has lowland rainforest The study was carried out in Abeokuta, Ogun State, areas as well as high forest, large patches of montane, Nigeria (Fig. 1). Abeokuta lies within Latitude 7° and 7°5’ freshwater wetlands, savanna, plateau, mangroves and N and Longitude 3°3’ and 3°37’ E. Arakanga Forest Reserve coastal areas with wide climatic variation. Consequently, (AFR) is one of the nine (9) forest reserves in Ogun State Nigeria is recognized internationally as a country with that falls under the purview of a peri urban forest. AFR is abundant biodiversity. about 2.3 Km2 long and made up of both the high forest and Groombridge and Jenkins (2002) reported that in savanna vegetation. Although the reserve is located in Nigeria, rainforest is home to over 1,417 known species in Odeda Local Government Area, it is closer to Akomoje, the fauna and at least 4,715 species of vascular plants. headquarters of Abeokuta North Local Government Area Therefore, forests have the highest species diversity of any and about 5 Km from the centre of Abeokuta, the capital city terrestrial ecosystem in Nigeria and the world. However, of Ogun State (Awojuola 2001; Onakomaiya et al. 1992). Nigeria faces extreme pressure on biodiversity coupled with The environment is characterized by two distinct seasons. human activities that continue to modify the natural The longer wet season last for eight months (March- environment through accelerated socio-economic activities October) and shorter dry season last for four months and thereby contribute to land cover changes to threaten the (November- February). The relative humidity is high all year life support base of man. Forests however, provide round, generally above 80% during the wet season and ISSN: 2357-8181 http://www.periodicoscientificos.ufmt.br/ojs/index.php/afor/article/view/2173 Adv. For. Sci., Cuiabá, v.2, n.2, p.35-39, 2015 36 Soaga and Segbenu fluctuates between 60-80% during the dry season. The most indigenous species from the free areas. The major humid months coincide with the rainy season spanning occupation of the people in the study area is farming with between March and October. Humidity and the long wet agricultural crops such as cassava, maize, cocoyam, season ensure adequate supply of water and continuous plantain, palm produce and vegetables. The area is also rich presence of moisture in the air. This trend promotes in fauna resources such as fish of various species, perennial tree growth. The soils in the area are dominated by grasscutter, giant rat, grey rat, monitor lizard, weaver birds clayey loam developed on underlying granite. There are also and others. Stone quarrying is also well developed. Major laterite soils. Abeokuta has extensive free forest areas with non-farm employments are provided by transportation and two gazetted forest reserves of 61.19 Km2 land area. Major forestry activities such as timber exploitation, firewood, timber crops include Teak and Gmelina with other leaves collection and charcoal production. Lake Chad Sokoto Katsina Kebbi Zamfara Jigawa Yobe Bor no Kano 2°40 ' 2°4 4' 2°4 8' 2°5 2 ' 2°56 ' 3°00 ' 3°4 ' 3°8' 3°1 2 ' 3°16 ' 3°20 ' 3°24 ' 3°2 8' 3°3 2' 3°3 6 ' 3°40 ' 3°44 ' 3°4 8' 3°5 2' 3°5 6' 4°0 0 ' 4°4 ' 4°8 ' 4°1 2' 4°1 6' 4°2 0 ' 4°24 ' 4°28 ' 4°3 2' 4 Kaduna Bauchi Gombe N 4°36 ' Niger 7°56 ' 7°5 6' Adamawa Abuja Plateau 7°52 ' 7°5 2' Kwara Nassarawa Oyo 7°48 ' 7°4 8' Imeko -A fo n Ekiti Taraba Kogi Oded a Osun Ab eo ku taNo rth Benue Ab eo ku taSo uth Eg bado /Y ewa N o rth Ijeb u North Ewek oro Obafe m i-O wode Remo-N orth Ondo 7°44 ' 7°4 4' OgunIke nn e Ijeb u North -E as t Eg ba do /Y ewa S o uth Ifo Sh ag amu Ijebu Ea st Odogbo lu Ijeb u- Ode Ado O d o/O ta Ipokia Imeko-Afon Lagos Ogun Wat ers ide Edo Enugu 7°40 ' 7°4 0' Anambra Ebonyi Abia Delta Imo Cross River 7°36 ' 7°3 6' Akwa Ibom Bayelsa Rivers 7°32 ' 7°3 2' 7°28 ' 7°2 8' 7°24 ' 7°2 4' Odeda 7°20 ' 7°2 0' 7°16 ' 7°1 6' Abeokuta North 7°12 ' Abeokuta South 7°1 2' 7°8' 7°8 ' Egbado /Yewa North 7°4' 7°4 ' Ijebu North 7°00 ' Remo-North 7°0 0' Ewekoro Obafemi-Owode 6°56 ' 6°5 6' Ikenne Ijebu North- East 6°52 ' OGUN STATE 6°5 2' Ijebu East Egbado /Yewa South Ifo Shagamu 6°48 ' Odogbolu 6°4 8' Ijebu-Ode 6°44 ' 6°4 4' 6°40 ' Ado Odo/Ota 6°4 0' 6°36 ' Ipokia 6°3 6' 6°32 ' 6°3 2' Ogun W aterside 6°28 ' Abeokuta South Abeokuta North 6°2 8' 6°24 ' 6°2 4' 6°20 ' 6°2 0' 4 80 0 80Kilometers 2°40 ' 2°4 4' 2°4 8' 2°5 2 ' 2°56 ' 3°00 ' 3°4 ' 3°8' 3°1 2 ' 3°16 ' 3°20 ' 3°24 ' 3°2 8' 3°3 2' 3°3 6 ' 3°40 ' 3°44 ' 3°4 8' 3°5 2' 3°5 6' 4°0 0 ' 4°4 ' 4°8 ' 4°1 2' 4°1 6' 4°2 0 ' 4°24 ' 4°28 ' 4°3 2' Figure 1.
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