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BSD UNIX Toolbox 1000+ Commands for Freebsd, Openbsd
76034ffirs.qxd:Toolbox 4/2/08 12:50 PM Page iii BSD UNIX® TOOLBOX 1000+ Commands for FreeBSD®, OpenBSD, and NetBSD®Power Users Christopher Negus François Caen 76034ffirs.qxd:Toolbox 4/2/08 12:50 PM Page ii 76034ffirs.qxd:Toolbox 4/2/08 12:50 PM Page i BSD UNIX® TOOLBOX 76034ffirs.qxd:Toolbox 4/2/08 12:50 PM Page ii 76034ffirs.qxd:Toolbox 4/2/08 12:50 PM Page iii BSD UNIX® TOOLBOX 1000+ Commands for FreeBSD®, OpenBSD, and NetBSD®Power Users Christopher Negus François Caen 76034ffirs.qxd:Toolbox 4/2/08 12:50 PM Page iv BSD UNIX® Toolbox: 1000+ Commands for FreeBSD®, OpenBSD, and NetBSD® Power Users Published by Wiley Publishing, Inc. 10475 Crosspoint Boulevard Indianapolis, IN 46256 www.wiley.com Copyright © 2008 by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana Published simultaneously in Canada ISBN: 978-0-470-37603-4 Manufactured in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available from the publisher. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 646-8600. Requests to the Publisher for permis- sion should be addressed to the Legal Department, Wiley Publishing, Inc., 10475 Crosspoint Blvd., Indianapolis, IN 46256, (317) 572-3447, fax (317) 572-4355, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions. -
Hodetector: the Hidden Objects Detection Based on Static Semantic Information Library Outside Virtual Machine 1393
HODetector: The Hidden Objects Detection Based on Static Semantic Information Library Outside Virtual Machine 1393 HODetector: The Hidden Objects Detection Based on Static Semantic Information Library Outside Virtual Machine YongGang Li1, 2, ChaoYuan Cui1, BingYu Sun1, WenBo Li3* 1 Institute of Intelligent Machine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China 2 School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, China 3 Institute of Technology Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China [email protected], {cycui, bysun, wbli}@iim.ac.cn Abstract objects for virtual machine security. For virtualization security, the traditional secure With the spread of malwares, the security of virtual tools detecting malwares are placed into the guest VM machine (VM) is suffering severe challenges recent years. (GVM) that may be injected by computer viruses. So, Rootkits and their variants can hide themselves and other it’s possible that the secure tool will be bypassed or kernel objects such as processes, files, and modules cheated. For example, a rootkit named f00lkit can making malicious activity hard to be detected. The bypass Chkrootkit and Rkhunter, the most popular anti- existed solutions are either coarse-grained, monitoring at malwares tools in Linux. Compared with the traditional virtual machine level, or non-universal, only supporting method, one mechanism called out-of-box [3] detecting specific operating system with specific modification. In malwares out of VM is a better way, because the this paper, we propose a fine-grained approach called secure tool is outside any span of malwares. Then HODetector based on static semantic information library another problem appears: semantic gap [4]. -
Detecting Kernel Rootkits
Dartmouth College Dartmouth Digital Commons Computer Science Technical Reports Computer Science 9-2-2008 Detecting kernel rootkits Ashwin Ramaswamy Dartmouth College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.dartmouth.edu/cs_tr Part of the Computer Sciences Commons Dartmouth Digital Commons Citation Ramaswamy, Ashwin, "Detecting kernel rootkits" (2008). Computer Science Technical Report TR2008-627. https://digitalcommons.dartmouth.edu/cs_tr/314 This Technical Report is brought to you for free and open access by the Computer Science at Dartmouth Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Computer Science Technical Reports by an authorized administrator of Dartmouth Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Detecting kernel rootkits Ashwin Ramaswamy Department of Computer Science Dartmouth College Masters Thesis Proposal Dartmouth Computer Science Technical Report TR2008-627 Proposal Presentation Date: 2 September, 2008 Abstract Kernel rootkits are a special category of malware that are deployed directly in the kernel and hence have unmitigated reign over the functionalities of the kernel itself. We seek to detect such rootkits that are deployed in the real world by first observing how the majority of kernel rootkits operate. To this end, comparable to how rootkits function in the real world, we write our own kernel rootkit that manipulates the network driver, thus giving us control over all packets sent into the network. We then implement a mechanism to thwart the attacks of such rootkits by noticing that a large number of the rootkits deployed today rely heavily on the redirection of function pointers within the kernel. By overwriting the desired function pointer to its own function, a rootkit can perform a proverbial man-in-the-middle attack. -
Unix/Mac/Linux OS Malware 10/15/2020
Unix/Mac/Linux OS Malware 10/15/2020 Report #: 202010151030 Agenda • Executive Summary • Origin of Modern Operating Systems • Overview of Operating Systems o Desktop o Servers o Super Computers o Mobile o Attack Surface and CVEs • Malware Case Studies o Drovorub o Hidden Wasp o Operation Windigo o MAC Malware Slides Key: • Defending Against Malware The picture can't be displayed. Non-Technical: Managerial, strategic and high- • Summary level (general audience) The picture can't be displayed. Technical: Tactical / IOCs; requiring in-depth knowledge (system admins, IRT) TLP: WHITE, ID# 202010151030 2 Executive Summary • Unix and Unix-like systems drive most of today's computer systems. • Vulnerabilities and malware • Threat mitigation o Comprehensive security policies o Access control o Regular updates and backups o Training employees o Improving posture and maturity TLP: WHITE, ID# 202010151030 3 Modern Operating Systems "Determining the operating system on which the server runs is the most important part of hacking. Mostly, hacking is breaking into the target's system to steal data or any such purpose. Hence, the security of the system becomes the thing of prime importance." Source: Parikh, K. (2020, August) The Hackers Library Functions of Operating Systems Timeline of the Origins of Operating Systems TLP: WHITE, ID# 202010151030 4 Overview of Operating Systems (Non-Mobile) Unix Chrome OS •Derived from Original AT&T Unix •Free and open-source •Command-line input •Graphical user interface •Very popular among scientific, •Based on Linux -
6.4.0-0 Release of SIMP, Which Is Compatible with Centos and Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL)
SIMP Documentation THE SIMP TEAM Sep 16, 2020 Contents 1 Level of Knowledge 3 1.1 Quick Start................................................4 1.2 Changelogs................................................4 1.3 SIMP Getting Started Guide....................................... 64 1.4 SIMP User Guide............................................ 81 1.5 Contributing to SIMP.......................................... 228 1.6 SIMP Security Concepts......................................... 263 1.7 SIMP Security Control Mapping..................................... 282 1.8 Vulnerability Supplement........................................ 642 1.9 Help................................................... 644 1.10 License.................................................. 652 1.11 Contact.................................................. 652 1.12 Glossary of Terms............................................ 652 Index 669 i ii SIMP Documentation This is the documentation for the 6.4.0-0 release of SIMP, which is compatible with CentOS and Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL). This guide will walk a user through the process of installing and managing a SIMP system. It also provides a mapping of security features to security requirements, which can be used to document a system’s security conformance. Warning: Be EXTREMELY CAREFUL when performing copy/paste operations from this document! Different web browsers and operating systems may substitute incompatible quotes and/or line endings in your files. The System Integrity Management Platform (SIMP) is an Open Source -
Securing Debian Manual
Securing Debian Manual Javier Fernández-Sanguino Peña <[email protected]> ‘Authors’ on this page Version: 3.13, Sun, 30 Jan 2011 19:58:16 +0000 Abstract This document describes security in the Debian project and in the Debian operating system. Starting with the process of securing and hardening the default Debian GNU/Linux distribu- tion installation, it also covers some of the common tasks to set up a secure network environ- ment using Debian GNU/Linux, gives additional information on the security tools available and talks about how security is enforced in Debian by the security and audit team. Copyright Notice Copyright © 2002-2007 Javier Fernández-Sanguino Peña Copyright © 2001 Alexander Reelsen, Javier Fernández-Sanguino Peña Copyright © 2000 Alexander Reelsen Some sections are copyright © their respective authors, for details please refer to ‘Credits and thanks!’ on page 28. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU General Public License, Version 2 (http://www.gnu.org/licenses/ old-licenses/gpl-2.0.html) or any later version (http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/ gpl.html) published by the Free Software Foundation. It is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY. Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this document provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are preserved on all copies. Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this document under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission notice identical to this one. -
Academic Linux Kernel Module Rootkit — Final Year Engineering Project
Academic Linux Kernel Module Rootkit — Final Year Engineering Project AUTHOR TUTOR Victor Ruben Lacort Pellicer Julio Hernandez-Castro University of Valencia University of Portsmouth May 7, 2010 ii Contents Abstract 1 I Overview 3 1 Introduction 5 1.1 Overview . .5 1.1.1 Problem statement . .6 1.1.2 Project aims . .6 1.1.3 Project constraints . .7 1.1.4 Project deliverables . .8 iii iv CONTENTS 1.2 Literature review . .9 1.3 Report structure . 11 2 Rootkits 13 2.1 Backdoors . 14 2.2 Taxonomy of UNIX Rootkits . 16 2.2.1 User-mode Rootkits: Toolkit . 16 2.2.2 Kernel-mode Rootkits . 17 2.3 Well-known Rootkits . 19 2.4 Countermeasures . 20 2.4.1 Kernel without Dynamic Module support . 21 2.4.2 Admin Tools: chrootkit & rkhunter . 22 3 How to build an evil LKM 25 3.1 Structure of a LKM . 26 CONTENTS v 3.2 Compiling modules . 27 3.3 User Mode and Kernel Mode . 28 3.3.1 System Calls . 29 3.3.2 printk() function . 30 3.4 Hacking system calls . 31 3.4.1 Risks of hacking sys_call_table .............. 34 3.4.2 Kernel version 2.4 . 35 3.4.3 Kernel version 2.6 . 37 II Design 41 4 Project Methodology 43 4.1 Available methodologies . 44 4.1.1 Waterfall Model . 44 4.1.2 Prototyping Model . 45 vi CONTENTS 4.1.3 Spiral Model . 46 4.1.4 Incremental Model . 47 4.1.5 Component Assembly Model . 48 4.2 Selected model . 48 5 Requirement analysis 49 5.1 Ubuntu 9.10 . -
Designing a New Infrastructure for ATLAS Online Web Services
EPJ Web of Conferences 245, 07030 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202024507030 CHEP 2019 Designing a New Infrastructure for ATLAS Online Web Ser- vices Sergio Ballestrero1, Franco Brasolin2, Arturo Sanchez Pineda3, Diana Alessandra Scannicchio4;∗, and Matthew Shaun Twomey5 1University of Johannesburg, South Africa 2Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, Italy 3INFN Gruppo Collegato di Udine and Università di Udine, Italy 4University of California Irvine, United States of America 5University of Washington, United States of America Abstract. Within the ATLAS detector, the Trigger and Data Acquisition system is responsible for the online processing of data streamed from the detector dur- ing collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. The online farm is composed of ∼4000 servers processing the data read out from ∼100 million detector channels through multiple trigger levels. The capability to monitor the ongoing data taking and all the involved applications is essential to debug and intervene promptly to ensure efficient data taking. The base of the current web service architecture was designed a few years ago, at the beginning of the AT- LAS operation (Run 1). It was intended to serve primarily static content from a Network-attached Storage, and privileging strict security, using separate web servers for internal (ATLAS Technical and Control Network - ATCN) and exter- nal (CERN General Purpose Network and public internet) access. During these years, it has become necessary to add to the static content an increasing number of dynamic web-based User Interfaces, as they provided new functionalities and replaced legacy desktop UIs. These are typically served by applications on VMs inside ATCN and made accessible externally via chained reverse HTTP proxies. -
Nelson Murilo
#! /bin/sh # -*- Shell-script -*- # $Id: chkrootkit, v 0.44 2004/09/01 CHKROOTKIT_VERSION='0.44' # Authors: Nelson Murilo <nelson@pa ngeia.com.br> (main author) and # Klaus Steding-Jessen <[email protected]> # # (C)1997-2004 Nelson Murilo, Pangeia Informatica, AMS Foun dation and others. # All rights reserved ### workaround for some Bourne shell implementations unalias login > /dev/null 2>&1 unalias ls > /dev/null 2>&1 unalias netstat > /dev/null 2>&1 unalias ps > /dev/null 2>&1 unalias dirname > /dev/null 2>&1 # Native commands TROJAN="amd basename biff chfn chsh cron date du dirname echo egrep env find \ fingerd gpm grep hdparm su ifconfig inetd inetdconf identd init killall \ ldsopreload login ls lsof mail mingetty netstat named passwd pidof pop2 pop3 \ ps pstree rpcinfo rlogind rshd slogin sendmail sshd syslogd tar tcpd \ tcpdump top telnetd timed traceroute vdir w write" # Tools TOOLS="aliens asp bindshell lkm r exedcs sniffer w55808 wted scalper slapper z2" # Return Codes INFECTED=0 NOT_INFECTED=1 NOT_TESTED=2 NOT_FOUND=3 INFECTED_BUT_DISABL ED=4 # Many trojaned commands have this label GENERIC_ROOTKIT_LABEL="^/bin/.*sh$|bash|elite$|vejeta|\.ark" ######################### ############################################# # tools functions # # 55808.A Worm # w55808 (){ W55808_FILES="${ROOTDIR}tmp/.../a ${RO OTDIR}tmp/.../r" STATUS=0 for i in ${W55808_FILES}; do if [ -f ${i} ]; then STATUS=1 fi done if [ ${STATUS} -eq 1 ] ;then echo "Warn ing: Possible 55808 Worm installed" else if [ "${QUIET}" != "t" ]; then echo "not infected"; fi return -
[ Rootkit Hunter Version 1.3.4 ] Checking Rkhunter Data Files
[ Rootkit Hunter version 1.3.4 ] Checking rkhunter data files... Checking file mirrors.dat [ No update ] Checking file programs_bad.dat [ No update ] Checking file backdoorports.dat [ No update ] Checking file suspscan.dat [ No update ] Checking file i18n/cn [ No update ] Checking file i18n/de [ No update ] Checking file i18n/en [ No update ] Checking file i18n/zh [ No update ] Checking file i18n/zh.utf8 [ No update ] [ Rootkit Hunter version 1.3.4 ] File updated: searched for 151 files, found 122 Checking system commands... Performing 'strings' command checks Checking 'strings' command [ OK ] Performing 'shared libraries' checks Checking for preloading variables [ None found ] Checking for preload file [ Not found ] Checking LD_LIBRARY_PATH variable [ Not found ] Performing file properties checks Checking for prerequisites [ OK ] /bin/awk [ OK ] /bin/basename [ OK ] /bin/bash [ OK ] /bin/cat [ OK ] /bin/chmod [ OK ] /bin/chown [ OK ] /bin/cp [ OK ] /bin/csh [ OK ] /bin/cut [ OK ] /bin/date [ OK ] /bin/df [ OK ] /bin/dmesg [ OK ] /bin/echo [ OK ] /bin/ed [ OK ] /bin/egrep [ OK ] /bin/env [ OK ] /bin/fgrep [ OK ] /bin/grep [ OK ] /bin/kill [ OK ] /bin/login [ OK ] /bin/ls [ OK ] /bin/mail [ OK ] /bin/mktemp [ OK ] /bin/more [ OK ] /bin/mount [ OK ] /bin/mv [ OK ] /bin/netstat [ OK ] /bin/ps [ OK ] /bin/pwd [ OK ] /bin/rpm [ OK ] /bin/sed [ OK ] /bin/sh [ OK ] /bin/sort [ OK ] /bin/su [ OK ] /bin/touch [ OK ] /bin/uname [ OK ] /bin/gawk [ OK ] /bin/tcsh [ OK ] /bin/true [ OK ] /usr/bin/awk [ OK ] /usr/bin/chattr [ OK ] /usr/bin/curl [ OK -
Hack Proofing Sun Solaris 8.Pdf
158_hack_sun_FC 11/11/01 2:46 PM Page 1 1 YEAR UPGRADE BUYER PROTECTION PLAN ™ Protect Your Solaris Network from Attack • Complete Coverage of Solaris 8 C2 and Trusted Solaris 8 • Hundreds of Damage & Defense,Tools & Traps, and Notes from the Underground Sidebars, Security Alerts, and FAQs • Step-by-Step Instructions for Making the Most of Solaris 8 Security Enhancements Wyman Miles Ed Mitchell F. William Lynch Randy Cook Technical Editor From the authors of the bestsellingbes-selling HACK PROOFING™ YOUR NETWORK 158_HPsun_FM 10/5/01 5:07 PM Page i [email protected] With more than 1,500,000 copies of our MCSE, MCSD, CompTIA, and Cisco study guides in print, we continue to look for ways we can better serve the information needs of our readers. One way we do that is by listening. Readers like yourself have been telling us they want an Internet-based ser- vice that would extend and enhance the value of our books. Based on reader feedback and our own strategic plan, we have created a Web site that we hope will exceed your expectations. [email protected] is an interactive treasure trove of useful infor- mation focusing on our book topics and related technologies. The site offers the following features: I One-year warranty against content obsolescence due to vendor product upgrades. You can access online updates for any affected chapters. I “Ask the Author”™ customer query forms that enable you to post questions to our authors and editors. I Exclusive monthly mailings in which our experts provide answers to reader queries and clear explanations of complex material. -
Debug Register Rootkits a Study of Malicious Use of the IA-32 Debug Registers
DV1446 – Kandidatarbete i Datavetenskap Bachelor Thesis in Computer Science – Security Engineering Debug register rootkits A study of malicious use of the IA-32 debug registers May 2012 Authors: Emil Persson, Joel Mattsson Supervisor: Ewa Osekowska School of Computing Blekinge Institute of Technology This thesis is submitted to the School of Computing at Blekinge Institute of Technology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Computer Science. The thesis is equivalent to 20 weeks of half time studies. Contact Information: Authors: Emil Persson E-mail: [email protected] Joel Mattsson E-mail: [email protected] University advisor: Ewa Osekowska E-mail: [email protected] School of Computing Blekinge Institute of Technology Internet : www.bth.se/com SE–371 79 Karlskrona Phone : +46 455 38 50 00 Sweden Fax : +46 455 38 50 57 Abstract The debug register rootkit is a special type of rootkit that has existed for over a decade, and is told to be undetectable by any scanning tools. It exploits the debug registers in Intel’s IA-32 processor architecture. This paper investigates the debug register rootkit to find out why it is considered a threat, and which malware removal tools have implemented detection algorithms against this threat. By implementing and running a debug register rootkit against the most popular Linux tools, new conclusions about the protection of the Linux system can be reached. Recently, debug register rootkits were found on Windows as well. This project intends to bring knowledge about the problem and investigate if there are any threats.