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Level of Youth Voice in the Decision-Making Process Within the 4-H Youth Development Program As Perceived by State 4-H Program L

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Level of Youth Voice in the Decision-Making Process Within the 4-H Youth Development Program As Perceived by State 4-H Program L Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2006 Level of youth voice in the decision-making process within the 4-H youth development program as perceived by State 4-H Program Leaders, State 4-H Youth Development Specialists, and 4-H Agents/ Educators Todd Anthony Tarifa Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations Part of the Human Resources Management Commons Recommended Citation Tarifa, Todd Anthony, "Level of youth voice in the decision-making process within the 4-H youth development program as perceived by State 4-H Program Leaders, State 4-H Youth Development Specialists, and 4-H Agents/Educators" (2006). LSU Doctoral Dissertations. 3484. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/3484 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please [email protected]. LEVEL OF YOUTH VOICE IN THE DECISION-MAKING PROCESS WITHIN THE 4-H YOUTH DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM AS PERCEIVED BY STATE 4-H PROGRAM LEADERS, STATE 4-H YOUTH DEVELOPMENT SPECIALISTS, AND 4-H AGENTS/EDUCATORS A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Human Resource Education and Workforce Development by Todd A. Tarifa B. S., Louisiana State University, 1996 M. S., Louisiana State University, 1998 December 2006 ©Copyright 2006 Todd Anthony Tarifa All Rights Reserved ii Dedication This dissertation is dedicated to my late Mother, Beverly M. Tarifa, who was taken from our lives much too early. I love you and I miss you with all my heart. You always believed in me and encouraged me to create my own destiny. I know you are an angel by my side, and I hope you are proud. Your spirit has provided me the strength to achieve my goals. You are a great Mother and there is not a day that goes by that I do not wish to hug you once again. You were always there when I needed you, and I know you will continue to watch over our family. I love you Mom. iii Acknowledgements Foremost, I would like to thank God for blessing me with all the gifts in my life. Rachel, my loving wife, I would like to thank you for all your sacrifices and the great amount of patience you have displayed throughout this process. You are a wonderful Mother and my best friend, and I couldn’t imagine life without you. Thank you for our two beautiful children, Alyson and Cooper, they are the reason life is so great. Daddy’s little girl Aly and Super Cooper, you are both my inspiration and my joy, and everything I do is because of you two to keep you safe and happy. Now, we will have more time to play! Dad, you are great. You have never stopped believing in me and we have gotten through a great deal together. You are a great father and a great friend. Mom, I know you are with me everyday, and I know you are proud and smiling down from heaven. Granddaddy and Dawlin, I am lucky to have such great in-laws, and thank you for all of your support, prayers, and encouragement over the years. You have always treated me like your son, and you have been a like a true Father and Mother to me over the years. Thank you to all my friends and co-workers that have supported me throughout this process. David, Trey, and Bruce, you all are like true brothers and I always appreciate your words of wisdom and encouragement. Terril, you have been a father figure to me over my career. Thank you for encouraging me to pursue a doctorate degree. Allison, thank you for all your help and advice throughout the process. Thank you to a great graduate committee. Dr. Machtmes, what can I say, you are a great teacher. Thank you for taking all the time you did to mentor me and help me better myself both professionally and personally. Thank you for always expecting better, iv and never settling for less. You are a friend. Dr. Fox, you are wonderful! Thank you for your wisdom and your ability to always calm me down and guide me in the right direction. I look forward to learning a great deal more from you in the future. Dr. Burnett, thank you for teaching me the research process and always making me think about the big picture. You are a great teacher and I thoroughly enjoyed all your classes and our discussions. Dr. Earl Johnson, thank you for editing my document over and over. You are a great man with great advice. I appreciate you talking to me and keeping me focused when you could tell I was getting off track. Dr. Gerry Johnson, thank you for sitting on my committee and offering me advice throughout the process. Dr. Moore, thank you for your advice and supporting me by agreeing to serve on my committee at the last minute. v Table of Contents DEDICATION ..................................................................................................................iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...............................................................................................iv LIST OF TABLES.......................................................................................................... viii LIST OF FIGURES........................................................................................................ xiii ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................................xiv CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ............................................................................... 1 Justification/Rationale .......................................................................................... 1 Problem Statement .............................................................................................. 6 Purpose of the Study ........................................................................................... 7 Objectives ............................................................................................................ 7 Significance of the Study ..................................................................................... 9 Definition of Terms ............................................................................................ 10 Theoretical Base for the Study ........................................................................... 11 Assumptions....................................................................................................... 16 Limitations .......................................................................................................... 16 CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ............................................ 17 Youth Development ............................................................................................ 17 Youth Development Programs............................................................................ 23 What is Voice?.................................................................................................... 29 Youth Voice ........................................................................................................ 29 What is Participation?......................................................................................... 32 Youth Participation Models................................................................................. 34 Critical Elements as They Relate to Youth Voice ............................................... 45 The Importance of Youth Voice .......................................................................... 47 Youth-Adult Partnerships and Youth Voice ........................................................ 49 Youth Stakeholders Need to be Involved ........................................................... 51 Benefits of Including Youth in the Decision-making Process.............................. 55 Barriers to Including Youth in the Decision-making Process .............................. 60 Identifying Effective Practices that Foster an Environment for Youth Voice ....... 66 CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY......................................................................... 72 Population and Sample ...................................................................................... 72 Survey Instrument and Procedure...................................................................... 73 Data Collection ................................................................................................... 74 vi Non-Respondents............................................................................................... 76 CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ....................................................... 77 Objective One …. ............................................................................................... 77 Objective Two..................................................................................................... 90 Objective Three .................................................................................................. 95 Objective Four .................................................................................................. 102 Objective Five .................................................................................................. 107 Objective Six....................................................................................................
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