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Talking SEA USAID SEA PROJECT: IMPACTS & EXPERIENCES ISSUE NO. 6 / FEB / 2021 newsletter Talking SEA USAID SEA PROJECT: IMPACTS & EXPERIENCES SUSTAINABLY MANAGING MARINE AND COASTAL RESOURCES IN INDONESIA USAID SUSTAINABLE ECOSYSTEMS ADVANCED (USAID SEA) PROJECT Contents Implementing an ‘Ecosystem Approach To Fisheries Management’ 2 Promoting Sustainable Fisheries and Securing Marine Biodiversity through Marine Protected Areas 8 Supporting Marine Spatial Planning for a Sustainable Future 12 SPOTLIGHT ON Innovations 14 A Multi-Scaled Approach to Supporting Law Enforcement 16 Impact Stories from the Field: Communication Platforms Support Front-Line Enforcement 19 Incentivizing Change 21 Impact Stories from the Field: Alternative Livelihood Opportunities 22 Impact Story from the Field: Flying Fish in Fakfak 25 Changing Behaviors for a Sustainable Future 26 Building the Skills for Change 32 Supporting a Robust Legal and Regulatory Framework for Sustainable Marine and Coastal Management 34 Editor's Choice Photo 35 Cover photos clockwise from top: Biophysical survey in Lease Island MPA, Maluku, in October 2020 (CTC/ Purwanto); Small-scale fisher in Seram Sea, Maluku (USAID SEA/Ben Khan); Catch Recording with shrimp fishers in South Sorong, West Papua (WWF/Inayah); USAID SEA Project partner Marine Change conducting an underwater survey of critical reef habitat in Morotai, North Maluku (Marine Change/Alex Westover); The community around Seribu Satu Sungai Teo Enebikia MPA contributing to a Public Consultation for the Zoning and Management Plan (RPZ), conducted by USAID SEA in South Sorong, West Papua (USAID SEA/Chris Rotinsulu). i | Talking SEA No. 6 Editorial his final issue of the Talking SEA Newsletter (No. 6) is packed with Tthe tangible results of the USAID Sustainable Ecosystems Advanced (USAID SEA) Project that began in 2016 and ends March 2021. The Project has been supporting the sustainable use and management of fisheries and other marine resources in Indonesia, working closely with our government counterparts in the Ministry of Marine Alan White, Ph.D. Chief of Party Affairs and Fisheries (MMAF) and through the provincial fisheries offices in North Maluku, Maluku and West Papua. Our overall mission is to build the Finally, to ensure that EAFM, MPAs, and MSP capacity of government and non-government entities succeed, people need to understand the value of the that have significant roles supporting and ensuring that work. Without an appreciation of the objectives, Indonesian fisheries and marine areas are under wise people will not change their behaviors to take stewardship and management with benefits accruing to the necessary actions to conserve and manage local stakeholders. resources. Thus, we also put a major focus on behavior change and education. Part of the recipe At first, it might appear easy to support marine for behavior change is having incentives to support conservation and fisheries management in three that change (e.g., income from tourism, stable fish provinces and partially across FMA 715. But, if you ask catch, rights to local fishing grounds, etc.). our core staff and 13 NGO and university partners, they will say otherwise. Rather, the SEA Project has I am amazed at how much we accomplished in the been a complex undertaking that to succeed had to be USAID SEA Project. I thank our core staff and all the fully integrated across a range of sectors and activities, staff of our partner NGOs for their excellent work and coordinated among actors so that synergies from and being part of this complex undertaking. I see the the activities support the long-term outcomes of project whole as an interconnected organism, where enduring capacity, sustainability, and improved marine all parts depend on each other to function properly. ecosystems. The positive results reflect that interconnectedness of the SEA Team and the interface with all the This last issue sums up the results of our work. government agencies and communities with whom Implementing an ‘ecosystem approach to fisheries we have worked. Success depends on collaboration, management’ (EAFM) is already a daunting task and coordination, and being very strategic in the is often considered to be inclusive to all aspects of activities undertaken in consultation with our fisheries and marine resource management. But the counterparts, from the MMAF to the smallest reality of fisheries management means it must be village in the field. Marine and fisheries resources broken into tangible sets of activities. The marine management and conservation cannot succeed biodiversity conservation track established marine without the buy-in and support of all stakeholders. protected areas (MPAs) that contribute to enhancing fisheries, protecting critical habitats, and bringing We hope you found the Talking SEA Newsletters benefits to local communities. Then, the higher-level useful. We appreciate your interest, and your planning task of marine spatial planning (MSP), which feedback is always welcome! All of the USAID SEA requires provincial-wide planning, is essential to secure Publications are available until 2025 on the USAID the most valuable marine sites and fishing areas to be SEA website (www.sea-indonesia.org). We are also free from damaging activities. Ensuring that fisheries launching a new publication of lessons learned from rules are followed and the MPAs are enforced requires the Project: Sustaining Indonesia’s Marine Environment: coordinated and effective law enforcement, and, Lessons Learned from the USAID SEA Project. Please supportive policies must be in place to legally guide avail of these publications and we are happy to have these plans and activities. served you as our audience. Talking SEA No. 6 | 1 EAFM: Promoting sustainable fisheries IMPLEMENTING AN ‘ECOSYSTEM APPROACH TO FISHERIES MANAGEMENT’ o promote sustainable fisheries in eastern Indonesia, the USAID SEA Project “[EAFM is] an approach to fisheries Tfocused on implementing an ecosystem approach to fisheries management (EAFM). management and development that In recent decades, EAFM has emerged globally as an alternative to conventional fishing management strives to balance diverse societal practices that tended to focus on fisheries in isolation. Instead, EAFM considers the complexities objectives, by taking into account of a fishery as a whole. In Indonesia, EAFM began to guide national and the knowledge and uncertainties regional fisheries planning in the late 2000s. In 2016, the USAID SEA Project committed to about biotic, abiotic, and human supporting three key areas of work: components of ecosystems and (1) assessing the status of stocks and developing harvest strategies for fisheries in FMA 715, their interactions and applying (2) establishing systems for fisheries monitoring, and an integrated approach to (3) strengthening fisheries governance. fisheries within ecologically In the following pages we explore the impact of the USAID SEA Project on advancing EAFM and meaningful boundaries.” promoting sustainable fisheries in FMA 715. UN FAO [Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations] (2003). FAO Technical Guidelines for Responsible Fisheries. Rome. ISBN 92-5-104897-5; p.6. MPA Socialization in Buano, Maluku. Photo: CTC Photo: 2 | Talking SEA No. 6 ANCHOVIES Raja Ampat, West Papua REEF FISH REEF FISH EAFM advances North Maluku Maluku in Eastern Indonesia FLYING FISH Fakfak, he USAID SEA Project focused West Papua SMALL on implementing EAFM in five PELAGIC FISH prioritized fisheries in FMA 715. T across FMA 715 The selected fisheries are vital to fisher and coastal Once completed, these assessments formed the communities’ livelihoods, and face increasing basis of management plans for each target fishery; pressure and risks from overfishing, destructive becoming the first completed harvest strategies in fishing and unsustainable fishing practices. Indonesia! The first step toward securing these fisheries For each fishery, the management plans identify key was to assess the status of the stocks. Data for issues to address (challenges), operational objectives these assessments included primary data (fresh (interventions) and target reference points (targets) from the field) and secondary data (existing in for sustainability, and lay out key measures and various studies and reports). Information was indicators of success (see our map on the next page gathered through collaborations between the for a snapshot of these elements for each fishery). MMAF Center for Fisheries Research (Pusat Riset Perikanan—Pusriskan) and Marine Research The area (in ha) that each harvest strategy covers Agency (Badan Riset Perikanan Laut—BRPL), is tailored to its target species’ ‘stock unit’: the area the provincial fisheries officesDinas ( Kelautan where a specie's reproductive cycle occurs plus dan Perikanan—DKPs), and USAID SEA Project the range of movement of that stock (delineated by partners (WWF, WCS, UKIP, and MDPI). genetics studies, bathymetric analysis and observed distribution/migration patterns). Using this data, stock assessments were undertaken following a three-step process: The small pelagic fish harvest strategy area covers 21,786,624 ha, based on the distribution/migration (1) training BRPL researchers and academic of small pelagic species between the Weber and counterparts from UKIP and UNIPA in new Lydekker lines (natural ecological boundaries). and improved data-limited methodologies for stock assessments1; Two of the other target fisheries also occur within the boundaries of the small pelagic fish (2) analyzing and interpreting the fisheries
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