(191 -199) 1391 1  43 

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3 !  U 3 !; 5   4  5 8 6& 3"  !8 e !G :$!%& $' (

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Gauld & ) EA- )L:  2 [$ 6-? 2+  U *! .(Bolton, 1988 34 5- 6 4 #- 7-/8- 5- 1 9:- 2+ 6 ; <5 M 4 ; G .9$ 6 ; - ? -X$ 5- 2= e2 2+ > ? ) @ A B5-  4 65 9C 6 ; 3 = M 4 -  f $ 6 ; )+  Apoidea - ?  67 G-! .E   0 C 24 ; 1D  9:- 10000 G )+ 29767 24 g@ 4    - ? ; <5 JA$ K4  9:- 2+ 5  -#+ 1 ; + Ampulicidae, Sphecidae, ) 32" "A- )+ 1-/  .(Kevan,1999; Michener, 2007 ) L; Veprek & ) (Heterogynaeidae & Crabronidae  9:- 2+ )4 65 9C >MNO 5- 6 4 PL4- 1 9:- 2+ )+ 19767  (Straka, 2007 )*  5 0  S 1-T )4 .EA-  QR9 >-29! .(Asher & Pickering, 2011) EA- (Apiformes)   UD  9:- 2+ )C L;  ; + )# 8 5-  Apidae - ? 6 ; )+ -X$ 2 ?- \< ]<^ Losey & Vaughan, ) EA- >-29! )4 )L4-  2 )C EA- @ !  - .EA-  2Ch 546 1-2-  1 9:- 2+ >-29! )C EA- - 24  T .(2006  )+ 310 i * 5- )C - 1 9 #?- \4  )L - EC 9 1 U8 6-VW  30 $ 25 4  @$ 16 60 67 72 82 1-2-  Apoidea - ?M 4 >MNO ) @ A /:- B5- .(Roubik, 1995)  4 6 ; - ? )4 ]#XL a $2$ )4 )+ 1  2 10 $ 5 4 GT <5 E @ X: 5-   .2-  65 9C Megachilidae Apidae Sphecidae Crabronidae Southwick & ) EA-  D24 M 1 # 4 14 Melittidae  Colletidae Andrenidae Halictidae 1 # 4 4/25 0-  B5- - .(Southwick, 1992 Mirabzadeh Esmaili & Rastegar, 1974)  4  Borneck & Marle, ) EA-  5 R$ 0 Ebadi, 1995; Izadi et et al., 1991; Talebi,1992; 1989 Fallahzadeh et al,. 2006, al., 1999; 2006; .( Tavakkoli et al, 2010; Mohammadian,2003; 2010; 2 ?- 6 ;  A  ; <5 64  6 ; ZL A Ebrahimi, 2008; Sakenin et al., 2010; 2011; Ghazi-Soltani et al., 2010 a,b Khaghaninia et al., Gauld &  S 1-T )4 .EA- 2C 2 [$ D2. M 4 6M 4 i$  E ;- ZW #T $ -8 a C2$  6- )+ 6 W () 1 9:- 2+ 6 ; <5 ) #C/  (organization 1-T )4 ; 1D 5-  2C )X@ ` ZL AC-  )+ 2 ?- \< ]<^ .EA- - 6 8 Apidae - ?  - ZL AC- L?  34 E Xj )  6-24 N? Sphecidae G - ? 5 )4 Apoidea - ? M 4 3 = 34 2SC- .EA-    "LA- 1 5   1 .  ;  Heterogynaeidae Crabronidae Ampulidae  k2X  1 - 6 ; E@ ? E#T )4 65 9C 6 ; (1994) Michener .EA-  64 Z $ Apidae E9C 65 l ? 2 = $ # T .L; PL" D )<^ - ? 11  - (Bees) 1 9:- 2+ 6 ; <5 a 5-   >  $C >-2 [$ /2" 0- )4 3A 6 ; <5 2+ .(Michener, 2007)  3 = 34 2.# T )* L  )C  L5 )X 8   14 _`A  aX9 6 ;  L - 4 (Apiformes)  2 [$ BRLA - 1D ;5 4  6- 0 mNR4 -8- 5- aT 6 0 )*0  )L:  )XA$ 6- T  4 2+ >-29! ).- 4 .(Altieri et al., 2005) C  / L (Sphecoid)  b."A- 6 ; <5 X ? E ;- 1 U8 _`A  6 2U4 6- 0 6-24 1 9:- GT <5 6M )#!2 -VW Zd cT )4 .  9: EO$ >-8 - 52- @ - 6- K )4 EA- 6-RL + )C UD -8- ec? 24 ;   193 ...1 9:- 2+ 6 ;<5 L5 i$ :1- . ;   T nA-

' +  , 64  .L; 6294 6 ; E @ X: 5-   -/: 1 9:- 2+ 6 ; <5 < --2:  6- )+ i$  ;  PL5 -8  ; 1D Z $  ;  + E5 ^  1- p  U9 6 ; 1 LA2U  )* i-/   65 9C   "LA-   > < C2$  )C  A24 a $2$ - )4 1389 T-5 GN: 6-24  )L?  ZU 6 ; 2`? 4 2 W 6 ; )+  62P  1- p  . )@ A 3-4 6 )* )T/ ;  ,; C - UD E X 8  4 ; 1 9:- 2+  U4  )* ;#+ 6 ; 5 @- 5-  w RL- U9 ,$ G-! 4 6 ; ZL A  .(Potts et al., 2006) 5- q2;   4 q )L";  2;   1 4D JA-- $  a@ W - 62$M 4 L4  a2j )C  ; )+ - LA- 62 + 29! $ 5-  "LA- 4 ) +  ]^  --2: PL" D  ,$ 4 )C  ; ZL A  @ )4 3-- (2L L A 80 )LA ^  35 ) ; 2`) ;-? 3- G OL 6 ; )+ J: L; )8-  : N$ 6-24 )  3 *- 6-24 . 6-24 )  2.# T > -29! )C E X- - .4   ,; C 6-24 )  2P. 5- aRL i-/  . )# : E#T  rT 4 - P$ P$ s <$- )` 2; 6d@C-  ^  -V@  < 2V0 1 .- 5 q  UD 5- ` O E5 6 ; Q? 1-T )4 ; 1 9:- 2+ )C )  1- p 5- X4 5 q U9 )T/ 6-24 )  1-T )4 UD i$  E X 8  )L:2+ -2 2=  )T/   ; 6-24 )  5 0 i-/  . 6-24 J O 5- 6 4 E Xj 4 5- 6-24 L5 Q?  .  L.; q EXA )4 q2; aRL 6V4 5 0 .(Potts et al., 2006)   "LA- UD >- @$  ; G-- 5- U9 A2: - )A  62P  1- p  L? A l = )4 L5 i$ 4 5- )4 5 0 6 ; )$4 ;#+  i2 4 1 / ;   2 $ EA-2!  t"! 1D O$ 2 A  2C C  ZL AC- )  E4 , ^ i *   PL"; >  ` O >-2 [$ 2LC  A24 d 2 ?h . 6D \ 8 i-/ -   X: 6 ; <5 6-24  ? E ;- 5- L5 i$ 24 2o G-T  A   aRL i-/ G?-  6-24 )  E4 2;  E ;- )C 68 4 .(Burely, 2002) EA- -?24  "LA- 4 3 +  2; 7-5- )4  EC2! C-/.5 62   C $  1 O 5- 6 5 T JA$ L5 i$ 5 $  4 q )4 3-- - LA- 62 + 29! $ 5- 4 6 ; ,C Z;24   > Tc^- @ )L:2+ -2 $ E9+24  E: EC2! q G 5 $ 2; .  K4 65 9C 6 ; ZL AC- 2C C  -/8- i$  .- , 0 - \42 2L q ! L!  )C 4 3 *- )C 6X > X@ `   4 l-  4 1-2- ^  i *    4 50 6-24 )  n $ 2; Wood & ) EA-  )8$ . Ld i$ )4 $ T )L:2+ . 5 $  4 200 )T/ 2;  6-24 )   1  Z;-2: = )4  LA- -  .(Lenné, 1999 > "$  :-2[8 x O@ 5- J: )`   5 0 i-/ 2L9 4 .d@C- > X@ ` 6-24 6 4 > Tc^- i$ A24 6-24 aRL i-/ $

-2:- -X$  H =2 – 1 Q? - ; )  . GL %75 q # $- G.@- 6LO 6 ;

. pi =3- i )  )+2;  A   6-V+ C  B q ."$  P9 5D  Southwood & ) (4) 1A a2j - \ 8 6 ; <5 5-  ; )   A- 4 . $  :(Henderson, 2000  .2D z-/ C  P9- X <^ n $ 5 )4  6D SQ = 2J / (a + b) (4) Bennet 2LC  Michener 2LC JA$ ; )  ) #C  SQ =)   )X 8  4 EU4 9 E< )T *  L 6 ; )  . X`  A  )+ -X$  J = )X 8  )4 9 6 ; )+ -X$  U9 A2:  P9- . /0  + 2+ >-29! . b = w )X 8 6 ; )+ -X$  a =f@- )X 8 6 ; .2- z-/ C  P9- X <^ n $ 5  /  6-X$ 6-24 1  EU4 9 3T 6-24 2" 4 1A a2j .  6-UP .EA- 2 [L G C EU4 9  A  5- u0  6-24 )   1  0  B )4 L5 i$ 6 ; - u -  P  5- ;<5 5- )+ 2; 6-24 --2:   ; )  Heltshe & Forrester, 1983; Colwell & ) f  q8 6 ; 6 ;<5 GC -X$ 24 )+ 2; GC -X$ Z $ 6-24 uvA .2+ )-2o- 14 - X >  . G #O$ 1D < --2:  ; )+ -X$ )4 )8$ 4 .2+ 29 : > "$ 6- X G-! 15D 5-  "LA- 4 ; )X 8 L?-.  L5 i$ 6- )+ 6 W  ; .(SAS Institute, 2003)  )   5 _`A )`   5 0  )* i-/ 1 9:- 2+ 6 ;<5 Q? )

.1389  A  1- p  U9 6 ; 1 LA2U  )* i-/ 1 9:- 2+ 6 ; <5 < --2:  6- )+ i$ -1 8

(%)< --2: 1- p (%) < --2: U9 - ? )+ 2/97 + 10/41 + Apidae Apis mellifera 1/19 + 0 - Apidae Eucera sp.* 22/61 + 11/97 + Apidae Amegilla sp.* 0 - 0/52 + Apidae Anthophora sp.* 16/66 + 18/75 + Andrenidae Andrena sp.* 16/68 + 14/58 + Halictidae Halictus patellatus* 6/95 + 8/85 + Halictidae Halictus quadricinctus* 28/14 + 29/16 + Anthidium florentinum* 0/59 + 0/52 + Megachilidae Anthidium diadema** 2/97 + 1/04 + Megachilidae Megachile sp.* 0 - 2/60 + Crabronidae Bembix sp.* 0 - 0/52 + Crabronidae Philanthus sp.* 1/19 + 1/04 + Sphecidae Sceliphron sp. . 4  8 E

\ 8 2 8 |2 )4 - ? 5 )4 ]#XL )+ 10 5- q2; 5- Z= 6-24 )  E4 , ^ 5 0 .2+  A   6D 6 U-24 )   1- p  U9  aRL )T/  i *  1 LA2U   5 0 i-/ 2 A 5- Z= 

.1389  A  1- p  U9 6 ; 1 LA2U  5 0 i-/ 1 9:- 2+ 6 ; <5 < --2:  -X$ -2 8

(%) --2: 1- p (%) < --2: U9 - ? )+ 2/2 + 2/5 + Apidae Xylocopa valga * 0 - 5 + Apidae Amegilla sp.* 42/2 + 30 + Andrenidae Andrena sp.* 35/6 + 25 + Halictidae Halictus patellatus* 2/2 + 5 + Halictidae Halictus quadricinctus* 0 - 2/5 + Crabronidae Cerceris sp. 2/2 + 25 + Crabronidae Philanthus sp.* 13/4 + 2/5 + Crabronidae Sphecius sp. 2/2 + 0 - Sphecidae Sceliphron sp. 0 - 2/5 + Sphecidae Podalonia sp. . 4  8 E

:)` 2o- 6-24 F 133 =185/23 P < 0/001 :NO   !"#

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 )

.4 1 LA2U  )* i-/  K )4 1 9:- 2+ 6 ; <5 1:  M 4 E; < 2P 4 

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 NO  2;  .(F 133 =46/3 P < 0/001 :)` L?-. Q? 2  ):2^  u - )  1- p 5 0 6 SLA- )4 )X@ `  1 .  2;  LC : 5- q2; 2o- )C - 1 9 f#LR 6 ;  $ # 0 6 ; ZL A  8 6 ; )+ 4 E X 8 \5$ X ; )+ \5$ 24 UD G4 L 2o-   U$ )4 ;

.(2 G. ) 4 E?-. ĤL< 6-24 )   :)` 2o- 6-24 F 133 =10/423 P < 0/01) 4 -

 NO G4 L 2o- 6-24 F 133 =25/3 P < 0/001

2 W e2! .1389  A  1- p  U9 6 ; 1 LA2U 5 0  )* NO   # 0 L?-. Q? 1-/  -2 G. . 4  %5 _`A  ; $ - X > "$ 2P 4 )4 9

:NO 2o- 6-24) E - L5 i$ Q? - 24 5 0  2 -1 L5 i$ Q? -

P < 0/001 :)` 2o- 6-24 F 133 =329/4 P < 0/001 1/2 $1/05 4 1- p 5 0 1/60 $1/48 4 U9

24 )`  NO G4 L 2o- • ; .( F 133 =126/9 $1/61 4 1- p )* 1/9 $1/74 4 U9 )* P < 0/01) 4 - X /  ; <5 L5 i$ )C - 1 9 ):2^  u - )  .4 2 [L 1/75

6 ; <5 L5 i$ Q? - .( F 133 =24/5 6- X 2 o $  U$ )4 q2; )`  NO i 197 ...1 9:- 2+ 6 ;<5 L5 i$ :1- . ;   T nA-

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 - #: > "$ 5-   -$  )*  5 0 Anthidium florentinum 6 ; )+ A24 -  T-5 ZL A )C EA- U4 . 4 T-5 ZL A i-/  Halictus patellatuds  Andrena sp.  6-28- 3T  3- 6 )@ A 7 -6  q 4 )* a $2$ )4 )X@ `  1 .  2;  )* aRL 2 +24  ,C f#T 24 C  8 2 = $ # T )`  2;  5 0 aRL i-/  .4 a@ W ,-/:- 4 \<`@ 4  4 ; + i$ 5- 62$ \ A f ^ Philanthus Andrena sp. 6 ; )+ 1- p  U9 i$ NO - 2L9 4 3- 4 3-$ ; + i$ < --2: a $2$ )4 Halictus patellatus  sp. - 1 9:- 2+ 6 ; <5 UD 1    >-29! .(2 8) L - 62L9 4 a C2$  ; - 24 1/:- . 4 2$M 4 - 0 ĤL< )  A  5 $ 2" 5- 2 -1 Q? >-2 [$ 6 )- )` ` O J-2  e-2^- i-/  ; € 4 ; + Southwood & ) EA- 2 [L 3/5 $ 1/5 M X  )L<@- )C - L5 i$ 24 6- )=!c G4  2 o $ Q? - - A24 -  .(Henderson, 2000 -2 4 5-  ; LC : - 2 o $ ] O$ -  Up 2;  2P > MNO 2.# T Halictus Andrena sp. 2 =  ; )+ 2 P 9p i$  --2: ,; C 4 65 9C 6 ;  U e2N )4 E< Anthidium florentinum  patellatu -  .EA- 4 -2 ; 6 8  ; + 6 ; )+ 2;  EA- U4 .EA- UD E <@ W  ; )+2 A ^ )4 1 U8  1 9:- 2+ 6 ;<5 E X 8 1   6 )X 8  )+ p  q )C  5  1 . ,; C -#- G @ .EA- )L:  ,; CU8$ G4   4 6- )=!c G4  +2 p 6-- 6-24 )  J O a2R$   1 - 6 ; E @ X: ,-/:- E X 8 Disney, ) 4 ;-?  0 L5 i$ Q? - .EA- LX   . C - )4 1D G<$  E5 .(1999 a2R$ 5- 2 W (1997) Pimentel et al. 2= ]<^ )+ i$  a C2$ (1974) Heithaus  T ]<^  ; )T/  ; ,C 29! 5-  "LA-  ;  + E5 PL4 T-5  X <^  ; 3 = 34  ; <5 6-  ;<5 E X 8 ,; C G-T 5- 2P . /  ; € 4 - 24 .- ; + 6 ; )+ a C2$   L? A )4 ]2^ 4    wO 1 9:- 2+ >-29! NO   ; <5 L5 i$  > "$ z A- 1391 1  43  1-2- . /0 + ,- )#* 198

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