BLUMEA 47 (2002) 157-204
Revision of Eragrostis
(Gramineae, Chloridoideae) in Malesia
J.F. Veldkamp
Nationaal Herbarium Nederland,Universiteit Leiden branch
P.O. Box 9514, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
e-mail: [email protected]
Summary
In Malesia there are 25 taxa of Eragrostis (Gramineae,Chloridoideae,Eragrostideae), incl. Ectro- siopsis (Ohwi) Jansen. Eight, perhaps eleven species are introduced. Eragrostis balgooyi Veldk. is
here described as new. Eragrostis amabilis (L.) Nees is the correct name for E. tenella (L.) Roem.
& Schult. The combination E. elongata (Willd.) Jacq. has been applied to at least eight taxa ranging from Sri Lanka and the E. diandra is used here. to Australia, younger synonym, (R.Br.) Steud.,
Key words '. Ectrosiopsis, Eragrostis, Gramineae, Malesia.
Introduction
Wolf Chloridoideae, is of Eragrostis (Gramineae, Eragrostideae) a large genus grasses
for its with c. 350 species in the (sub)tropics, notorious troublesome infrageneric and
delimitation.The characters used, of modeof specific e.g. presence glands, fragmenta- tion of the spikelets, number and size of the anthers, shape of the caryopses, etc., are often difficult to observe and assess. Some closely related species, e.g. those of the
E. atrovirens/E. ‘elongata ’-complex; are common weeds, but in the herbarium can only be distinguished after careful analysis of the spikelets under the microscope.
Recently, some importantpapers havebeen published on the infrageneric delimita- tion (Amarasinghe & Watson, 1990;Van den Borre & Watson, 1994;Lazarides, 1997;
Gomez Sanchez & Koch, 1998) to which is here referred for further information.
There are also some recent local revisions to which the interested readeris referred:
Graterol et al. (1989: Venezuela), Kami (1993: Congo), Lazarides (1997: Australia),
Cope (1998: Flora Zambesiaca area), Nicora (1998: Argentina), and Portal (2002:
W Europe).
NOTES ON THE INFRAGENERIC TAXONOMY OF THE GENUS
Traditionally the genus is divided on the basis of the disarticulationof the spikelet
for historical summarised (see Van den Borre & Watson (1994) a overview, in their table In Malesia the are encountered & Renvoize, 1). following groups (after Clayton
1986; Lazarides, 1997). Their sequence here has no taxonomic implication. I have re- frained from disentangling their synonymy and typification, as this was beyond the scope of the present study. 158 BLUMEA Vol. 47, No. 1, 2002
1) Lemmas and paleas with their joints disarticulating from above downward (sect.
Cataclastos (Doll) Benth. or Psilantha (K. Koch) Tzvelev);
2) Lemmasand paleas with theirjoints disarticulating fromabove downward, lemmas
more or less aristate (sect. Ectrosiopsis Ohwi);
3) Lemmas disarticulating from below upwards, rhachillaand sometimes paleas per-
sisting. Spikelets very tardily disarticulating in the cereal E. tef (selected for this
feature; collected in Malesia only once very long ago, but included here because
new attempts at cultivation may be made) (sect. Lappula Stapf);
4) Lemmas disarticulating frombelow upwards, paleas long-persistent, the rhachilla
ultimately breaking up fromabove downward (sect. Eragrostis or Pteroëssa Doll).
To the first the amabilis- which small natural Old World belongs E. group, seems a
where the bears the keels. In Malesia one with c. 20 species palea long setae on we
have: E. amabilis (L.) Nees (incl. E. tenella (L.) Roem. & Schult., E. viscosa (Retz.)
Steud., P. Beauv., and E. Hack. Trin.), E. aspera (Jacq.) E. riparia (Willd.) warburgii
Here the lemma, palea, and caryopsis sometimes disarticulate fromabove as a whole
lemma unit (E. aspera, E. warburgii), sometimes in fragments with the and caryopsis
falling off and the palea persisting for a while (E. amabilis, E. riparia).
The second has a single species, E. lasiocladaMerr., peculiar for having mucronate
to awned distal lemmas for which reason Ohwi (1947) considered it to represent a
separate section, Ectrosiopsis, elevated to generic rank by Jansen (1952, 1953), but
included in Ectrosia R.Br, by Blake (1969) and Lazarides (1997: 166). Analyses by
Van den Borre & Watson (1997) indicate that it is a distinct genus, but the DELTA program using INTKEY suggests that there would only be a difference in the relative
length of the internodes of the spikelet. The presence of mucronate to awned distal
lemmas be in SE but these also in African may striking Asia, occur some species, e.g.
E. dinteri Stapf, E. rogersii C.E. Hubb., and E. variegata Welw. For the timebeing
I have retained the species in Eragrostis.
Ectrosia differsfrom Ectrosiopsis by the spikelets that dehisce above the glumes, but not between the heteromorphous lemmas, by the basal bisexual and upper sterile
florets, the length of the basal cell of the microhairs, and the structure of the bundle
sheaths and abaxial epidermis of the blades.
The third is represented by e.g. E. atrovirens (Desf.) Steud., E. luzoniensis Steud.,
E. multicaulis Steud., E. pilosa (L.) P. Beauv., E. tef(Zuccagni) Trotter, and E. unio-
loides (Retz.) Steud.
The fourthin Malesia includes the E. ‘elongata '-complex (with E. brownii (Kunth)
Nees, E. cumingii Steud., and E. diandra(R.Br.) Steud., etc.), E. cilianensis (Bellardi)
Janch., E. curvula (Schrad.) Nees, E. gangetica (Roxb.) Steud., E. minor Host, E.
montana Balansa, E. nigra Steud., E. pectinacea (Michx.) Steud., and E. tenuifolia
(A. Rich.) Steud.
Here would also belong DiandrochloaDe Winter(incl. Roshevitzia Tzvelev) which
has been distinguished for some species with a membranous ligule and two anthers, but this group has not been generally accepted. The only Malesian representative is
E. japonica (Thunb.) Trin.
The membranous ligule is curious, but the presence of two anthers as a generic
character seems of doubtful validity, as this character state occurs in widely diverse J. F. Veldkamp: Revision of Eragrostis in Malesia 159
taxa as even the present small sample of species shows, and two and three anthers
within and may occur a single species (E. cumingii E. warburgii).
Van den Borre & Watson's analysis (1994) showed that these sections are unnatural
and they divided the genus into two subgenera especially based on leafanatomy and
photosynthesis type. In cladograms ofthe Chloridoideaeby Van den Borre & Watson
(1997) these two turn up in different clades (e.g. their figure 6 and table 3), so two
in different be involved; genera, perhaps even subtribes, appear to according to the
in the would be taxonomy used present paperEctrosiopsis appear to the generic name
availablefor Eragrostis subgen. Caesiae at the generic level. At present it is premature
to propose new combinations, as apparently no clear-cut macromorphological character
supports the division of Eragrostis making it impractical in floristic revisions as the
present one (see Van den Borre & Watson (1994: 407, table 7)).
Lazarides well-awareofthis nevertheless 6 informal (1997) study recognised groups
for Australia based on spikelet dehiscence, which was admittedly not supported by
the types of photosynthetic carbon reduction (PCR) known or postulated from the
bundle sheath anatomy (Kranz and subtypes) and microhairtype (see his table 1 and
accompanying discussion).
nine informal for the Zambesiaca Cope (1998) distinguished groups Flora area.
SOME NOMENCLATURAL PROBLEMS
Eragrostis sect. Ectrosiopsis was validly described by Ohwi (1947) including a Latin
diagnosis. Jansen (1952, 1953) in a series of papers on Malesiangrasses elevated it to
generic level. In the first part the reference to the basionym was given and 4 species
in the second another added. the latter were included, part was Unfortunately, appeared
' before the first. Because the heading was Ectrosiopsis (Ohwi) Jansen' an indirect reference to the 2000: Art. and the basionym was provided (Greuter, 32.3,4) as paper
appeared on December 1, 1952, it was only just in time for the generic name to be
validly published: Art. 33.3 requiring a full and direct reference becomes into effect
for after mentionedis therefore publications on or January 1,1953. The single species
valid as well. Even without the reference the names would have been valid as then a
descriptio generico-specifica would have been present (Art. 42.1).
Blake's remark (1969) that the generic and specific name would be invalid is
therefore incorrect. He reduced the genus to a single species in Ectrosia, but used the
wrong combination, E. eragrostoides Domin (1915), citing the older E. lasioclada
first in its he correct Merr. (1906) as the name synonymy. In 1973 made the combi-
nation, saying that "the line with the necessary new combination was accidentally omitted... in 1969".
Eragrostis elongata was described by Willdenow(1809) as Poa elongata based on
a plant cultivated in the Berlin Botanical Garden from seed thought to have come
from India. Vienna this cultivated In other plants under name were and depicted by
Jacquin (1811) as Eragrostis elongata. Here three anthers were shown andlater authors
have the whole of 3-anthered in SE of applied epithet to a range species Asia, some
which are very widely distributedfrom Indiato Australia, e.g. E. brownii, E. bulbillifera
Steud., E. cumingii, E. pubescens (R. Br.) Steud., E. spartinoides Steud., E. subsecunda
(Lam.) E. Fourn., or E. zeylanica Nees, either as distinct species, or in various combi- 160 BLUMEA Vol. 47, No. 1, 2002
nations of them. Without corroborating remarks or descriptions it is only possible
from voucher specimens to deduce what the author had in mind.
The situation became even more confusing when Hubbardexamined the holotype
in B and discovered that it belonged to a nearly strictly Australian2(! )-anthered species,
E. diandra. Some possible isotypes in L were similarly annotated by Blake. How an
Australian species during the Napoleonic wars of the early 19th century, when the
Continent blocked from from Albion', could have turned was any import 'perfidious
in Berlinis in Australianliterature up an intriguing question. Subsequently, some mainly
E. elongata has been used for E. diandra (e.g. by Lazarides, 1997), but as other taxa
Australia it is to which the name has been misapplied occur in as well, usually not
clear to what taxon the author has applied the combination.
Not wanting to perpetuate the confusion I have not used the combination at all,
Article except in the synonymy, where besides under E. diandra it occurs four times.
used for... 57 applies here ("A name that has been widely and persistently taxa not
including its type is not to be used in a sense that conflicts with current usage").
Eragrostis tenella — Linne (1753) published Poa amabilis L. and P. tenella L.
simultaneously. Munro (1862) was the first to unite the two and chose for the first
which thereforehas to be Even E. tenella is the combination one, adopted (Art. 11.5). so,
usually employed and those in favourof stability should propose its conservation.
FURTHER NOTES
The numberofanthers must be checked in several florets, as sometimes one has drop-
ped out and there appear to be only two. This numberis surprisingly constant at least
in Malesia: only in E. cumingii s.l. and E. warburgii both two and three anthers occur.
Some Malesian specimens (e.g. ofE. atrovirens, E. balgooyi, E. brownii, E. gange-
had infected the other- tica, E. riparia, E. tenuifolia) spikelets by smut Bipolaris spec.,
indicativeof wise only known from Sporobolus indicus (L.) R.Br. s.l.. which may be
a closer relationship of the two genera than generally supposed.
ERAGROSTIS
Eragrostis Wolf (1776) 23; Host (1809) 14, t. 24; P. Beauv. (1812) 70, 162, isonym. — [Eragrostis
— Wolf Boiss. Wolf sect. Pteroëssa Doll (1878) 136, nom. inval. Eragrostis sect. Eueragrostis
— (1884) 580, nom. inval.].— Erosion Lunell (1915) 221, nom. superfl. Lectotype: Eragrostis
minor Host, designatedby Ross (1966).
Eragrostis Wolf sect. EctrosiopsisOhwi (1947) 1. — Ectrosiopsis Jansen (1952) 474; (1953) 269.
—Lectotype: Ectrosiopsis subtriflora (Ohwi) Jansen (= Eragrostis lasioclada Merr.), designated
by Blake (1969).
Diandrochloa De Winter (1960) 387. — Type: Diandrochloa namaquensis (Schrad.) De Winter
(= Eragrostisjaponica (Thunb.)Trin.).
Roshevitzia Tzvelev (1968) 311. — Type: Roshevitzia diarrhena (Schult. & Schult.f.) Tzvelev
(= Eragrostisjaponica (Thunb.)Trin.).
Annuals or perennials, then branching intra- and extra-vaginally at base, rhizomes and stolons absent. Culms hollow. Ligules usually a line ofhairs, rarely membranous
(Diandrochloa). Panicles contracted to lax, branches ending in a spikelet. Spikelets J. F. Veldkamp: Revision ofEragrostis in Malesia 161
pedicelled, more or less laterally compressed, muticous, 2-many-flowered, disarticu-
lating above the glumes. Glumes early deciduous, unequal to subequal, shorter than
to subequal to the adjacent lemmas, acute to mucronate; lower glumes 0- or 1-nerved;
upper glumes 0-3-nerved. Rhachillapersistent or not, ending in a more or less reduced
floret. Lemmas without a distinct callus, keeled or rounded on the back, 3-nerved,
acute to mucronate. Palea 2-nerved. Lodicules 2. Stamens 2 or 3. Styles 2, free to
base. Ovary glabrous. Pericarp adnate(in Malesia). Hilum punctiform. Embryo 0.33-
0.5 times as long as the caryopsis. x = (9 or) 10.
Distribution — Circa 350 species in the (sub)tropics, 24 in Malesia, 8, perhaps
11, introduced.
KEY TO THE TAXA
NB. 1) Characters after — apply only to that lead and are variable in the other.
In sizes usual values 2) only are given, exceptions may occur.
3) Use a 40 x magnification to see glands, mode of disarticulation of the spikelet, visibility of
rhachilla joints, etc., and evenmore for the surface of the pericarp. Check maturespikelets;
the be covered the lemmas anthesis but become joints may by during may exposed at
fructification.
4) To know the number and size ofthe anthers, soak a spikelet in water with a dropof detergent
and the distal florets. When florets when the inspect opening dry especially caryopses are
the anthers be and lost. subglobose or are small, they may ejected
5) As several features are so minute a measuring device in the ocular is recommended.
— la. Palea keels setose. Spikelets disarticulating from above downward, rhachilla
fragile. Anthers 0.2-0.3 mm long 2
b. Palea keels glabrous to ciliolate 4
2a. Glands absent or present on the panicle branches and pedicels. Lowermost longest
branch 1-5 Pedicels shorter panicle cm long. to longer than the spikelets ... 3
b. Glands the and mainaxis. Lowermost branch present on peduncle longest panicle
0.6-0.9 cm long. Pedicels much shorter than the spikelets. — Luzon
20. E. riparia
of 3a. Collar sheaths pilose. Lowermost longest panicle branch 1-3.5 cm long. First
lemma acute to obtuse. — Widespread 1. E. amabilis
b. Collarofsheaths sometimes with few hairs. glabrous, a Lowermostlongest panicle
branch 4.5-5 cm long. First lemma subtruncate, muticous to shortly mucronate.
— Kangean, Celebes, Timor, Kai Is 24. E. warburgii
4a. Spikelets disarticulating from above downward, rhachilla fragile 5
b. Spikelets disarticulating from the base upward, rhachilla persistent, or ultimately
from breaking up above downward, also (dehiscing very tardily in E. tef, found
once very long ago in Malesia) 7
5a. Collar ofsheaths glabrous. Panicle 1-5 cm wide. Pedicels 0.2-2 mm long. Glumes
unequal. Anthers 0.2-0.5 mm long. Caryopsis ellipsoid or fusiform 6
b. Collar ofsheaths pilose. Panicle7-15 cm wide. Pedicels7.5-20 mm long. Glumes
subequal. Anthers c. 0.1 mm long. Caryopsis subglobose. — Ligule a ciliolate
rim. Glumes obtuse to acute, upper glume 0.65-1 mm long. Lemmas rounded to
truncate. Keels of palea scabrous. Anthers 3. Pericarp dark tea-coloured
2. E. aspera 162 BLUMEA Vol. 47, No. 1, 2002
6a. Ligule a short membrane. Glumes obtuse; upper glume 0.7-0.8 mm long. First
lemma0.6-1.2 mm long, obtuse. Keels ofpalea scaberulous. Anthers 2. Caryopsis
ellipsoid, pericarp dark tea-coloured. — Widespread 11. E. japonica
b. Ligule a ciliolaterim. Glumes acuminate; upper glume 1.2-2.5 mm long. Lemmas
1.7-3.5 mm long, acuminateto aristate. Keels of palea ciliolate. Anthers 3. Cary-
opsis fusiform, pericarp cinnamon. — Philippines, Celebes, New Guinea ...
12. E. lasioclada
7a. Spikelets disarticulating from the base upward, rhachilla ultimately breaking up
from above downward, also 8
b. from Spikelets disarticulating the base upward (very tardily in E. tef, once found
long ago), rhachilla persistent 11
8a. Anthers 0.1-0.2 mm long. Pericarp cinnamon 9
b. Anthers 0.3-0.4 mm long. Pericarp dark tea-coloured. — Blades 3-25 cm long.
Panicle 1.5-9 cm wide, lowermost longest branch 0.5-6.5 cm long, naked in the
lower 0.1-0.25th part. Anthers 3. Widespread 5. E. brownii
9a. Culms branching intra-vaginally at base. Blades 4-8 cm long. Panicle lax, 2-4.5
cm wide, lowermost longest branch 1.5-3.5 cm long, naked in the lower 0.1-
0.4th part 10
b. Culms intra- and base. branching extra-vaginally at Blades 9-20 cm long. Panicle
contracted to interrupted, 0.8-1.5 cm wide, lowermost longest branch 0.6-1.2
naked in the lower 0.1th — 2. cm long, part. Anthers Moluccas, New Guinea
9. E. diandra
10a. Anthers 3. — Widespread 7a. E. cumingii var. cumingii
b. Anthers 2. — Lesser Sunda Islands 7b. E. cumingii var. kisarensis
11a. Paleas early caducous. — Plants eglandular. Anthers 0.1-1 mm long. Pericarp
dark tea-coloured 12
b. Paleas persistent. — Pericarp smooth to finely reticulate 17
12a. Anthers 0.1-0.5 mm long, 0.1-0.3 times as long as the lemma. Caryopsis ellip-
soid, somewhat laterally flattened, pericarp smooth or finely reticulate .... 13
b. Anthers 0.6-1 mm long, 0.3-0.4 times as long as the lemma. Caryopsis fusiform,
terete, pericarp finely striate. — Perennials. Culms erect to geniculate at base,
rarely rooting in the nodes. Widespread 3. E. atrovirens
13a. Perennials. Culms erect or geniculate and with roots and new shoots at the lower
nodes. — Ligule a ciliolaterim. Lower glume 1-nerved 14
Annuals. b. Culms geniculate with new shoots at the lower nodes, but not rooting.
— Culms branching intra-vaginally at base. Lemmas acuminate. Keels ofpalea
scaberulous 15
14a. Culms intra- and base. erect, branching extra-vaginally at Spikelets laterally com-
pressed. Lemmas acuminate, smooth. Keels of palea scaberulous. Anthers 3.
Caryopsis 0.4-0.5 mm long, pericarp finely reticulate.— Perlis?, Flores, Philip-
pines 13. E. luzoniensis
b. Culms geniculate, with roots and new shoots at the nodes, branching intra-
vaginally at base. Spikelets strongly laterally compressed. Lemmas acute, finely
punctate. Keels ofpalea ciliolate.Anthers 2. Caryopsis 0.6-1 mm long, pericarp
smooth. — Widespread 23. E. unioloides J. F. Veldkamp: Revision ofEragrostis in Malesia 163
15a. Ligule arow ofhairs. Glumes unequal, lower glume 0-nerved. Anthers 3. Pericarp
smooth 16
b. Ligule a ciliolaterim. Glumes subequal, lower glume 1-nerved. Anthers 2. Peri-
carp finely reticulate. — Collarof sheaths bearded. Lower panicle axils glabrous.
Singapore 10. E. gangetica
16a. Collarof sheaths glabrous. Panicle 1.5-3 cm wide, axils glabrous. Pedicels much
shorter than the spikelets 16. E. multicaulis
b. Collarof sheaths pilose. Panicle 3.5-14 cm wide, axils bearded. Pedicels as long
as to longer than the spikelets 19. E. pilosa
17a. Culms 0.1-0.9 m long. Anthers 0.2-0.7 mm long. Caryopsis terete or laterally
flattened 18
b. Culms 1.2-1.4 m long. Anthers 0.9-1.2 mm long. Caryopsis dorso-ventrally
flattened.— Plants eglandular. Pedicels shorter than the spikelets. Glumes un-
equal, lower glume 0.62-0.73 times as long as the first lemma. First lemma
acute. Caryopsis ellipsoid. Pericarp cinnamon 8. E. curvula
— Culms 18a. Plants, e.g. sheaths, blades, panicle branches, pedicels glandular.
of geniculate, rarely rooting, branching intra-vaginally at base. Ligule a row
hairs. Lowermost longest panicle branch naked in the lower 0.16-0.25th part,
1-5.5 cm long. Pedicels much shorter than the spikelets. Glumes acute. Caryopsis
dorsally not grooved 19
b. Plants eglandular. — Glumes unequal. Caryopsis ellipsoid 20
of 0.5-0.75 6-18 2-3.5 Glumes 19a. Ligule a row mm long hairs. Spikelets by mm.
subequal; lower glume 0.7-0.9 times as long as first lemma. Paleakeels ciliolate.
Caryopsis subglobose. — Lower glume 1.1-1.85 mm long; upper glume 1.35-2
mm long. Lemmas 1.7-2.15 mm long, acutish to apiculate . . 6. E. cilianensis
b. Ligule a row of 0.2-0.4 mm long hairs. Spikelets 2.5-7.5 by 1.5-2 mm. Glumes
0.3-0.7 the first keels unequal; lower glume times as long as lemma. Palea
scaberulous. — Lower 0.8-1.25 Caryopsis ellipsoid. glume mm long; upper glume
1.2-1.6 mm long. Lemmas 1.5-1.85 mm long, acute 14. E. minor
20a. Ligule a row of hairs. Pedicels longer than the spikelets. — Culms branching
intra-vaginally at base. Panicle lowermost longest branch 4.5-20 cm long, naked
of in the lower 0.1-0.5th part. First lemma 2-3.7 mm long, acuminate. Keels
palea smooth to scaberulous. Anthers 0.35-0.7 mm long. Pericarp dark tea-
coloured 21
b. Ligule a ciliolaterim. Pedicels shorter than the spikelets. — Panicle branches
scaberulous, lowermost one solitary. Glumes 1-nerved; lower glume 0.4-0.84
times as long as first lemma. Caryopsis slightly laterally flattened, dorsally not
grooved 23
21a. Panicle branches scaberulous, lowermost branch naked in the lower 0.2-0.5th
part. Glumes acute. Pericarp smooth. — Lowermost panicle branch solitary 22
b. Paniclebranches smooth, lowermostbranch naked in the lower 0.1-0.15th part.
Glumes acuminate.Pericarp finely reticulate. — Lowermost panicle branch soli-
tary. Spikelets 1.5-2 mm wide. Glumes 1-nerved; lower glume 1.35-2.1 mm
0.63-0.9 times first long, as long as lemma; upper glume 1.75-2.15 mm long.
Caryopsis dorsally grooved 17. E. nigra 164 BLUMEA Vol. 47, No. 1, 2002
22a. Lowermost panicle branches whorled, 3-10 together, the longest 9-20 cm long,
naked in the lower 0.4-0.5thpart. Spikelets 1.2-2 mm wide. Glumes 1-nerved;
lower glume 1.2-2.7 mm long, 0.5-0.8 times as long as first lemma; upper glume
1.7-3.3 mm long. Caryopsis laterally somewhat flattened, dorsally not grooved.
— dehiscent. Cultivated collected Spikelets very tardily species, once very long
ago 21. E. tef
b. Lowermost panicle branch solitary, 5-8 cm long, naked in the lower 0.2-0.3th
part. Spikelets 2.2-2.7 mm wide. Glumes 0-nerved; lower glume 0.5-0.7 mm
long, 0.2-0.3 times as long as first lemma; upper glume 0.7-1.2mm long. Cary-
opsis laterally very flat, dorsally grooved. — Sumatra (Padang), Sabah, Mindanao,
New Guinea (all over) 22. E. tenuifolia
23a. Culms tufted, geniculate, with new shoots at the nodes, not rooting. Panicle
4-16 0.5-7 lowermost by cm, longest branch naked in the lower 0.2-0.5thpart.
Glumes acute; upper glume 0.7-1.3 mm long. First lemma 1.1-1.6 mm long,
acute. Anthers 0.2-0.3 mm long. Pericarp smooth, dark tea-coloured 24
b. Culms tufted, erect. Panicle 27-47 by c. 8 cm, lowermost branch spikeled to
base. Glumes acuminate; upper glume 2-2.3 mm long. First lemma 2-3 mm
long, acuminate.Anthers 0.4-0.5 mm long. Pericarp finely reticulate, cinnamon.
— Perennials. Culms branching intra- and extra-vaginally at base. At least the
lower axils of the panicle bearded, lowermost branch 2-4.5 cm long. Keels of
ciliolate. 4. palea Caryopsis c. 0.8 mm long. Aru Is E. balgooyi
24a. Perennials. Culms branching intra- and extra-vaginally at base. Panicle 4-7.5 by
0.5-2.5 cm, at least the lower axils glabrous to puberulous, lowermost branch
1.2-2.5 cm long. Keels ofpalea ciliolate. Caryopsis 0.5-0.6 mm long. — Penin-
sular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra, Bangka, Borneo 15. E. montana
b. Annuals. Culms branching intra-vaginally at base. Panicle 13-16by 6-7 cm, at
least the lower axils bearded, lowermost branch 6-6.5 cm long. Keels of palea
scaberulous. Caryopsis 0.8-0.9 mm long. — Luzon 18. E. pectinacea
1. Eragrostis amabilis (L.) Wight & Arn. ex Nees
Eragrostis amabilis (L.) Wight& Am. ex Nees (1838)251; Kuntze (1891), isonym. — Poa amabilis — L.(1753) 68. Megastachya amabilis (L.) P. Beauv. (1812)74, 167,173.— [Eragrostis amabilis
(L.) Nees forma normalis Kuntze (1891) 773, nom. inval.]. — Lectotype: Hermann vol. 2, fol.
59, no. 46 (holoBM), designatedby Veldkamp (2000).
[Gramen fumi Rumph. (1750) 11, t. 4, f. 3, nom. inval.]
Poa tenella L. (1753) 69. — Eragrostis tenella (L.) P. Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult. (1817) 576. —
Megastachya tenella (L.) Bojer(1837) 369. —Lectotype: Herb. Linn. 87.33 (holo LINN, micro-
fiche IDC), designatedhere (see also Lazarides, 1997: 157).
— Poa plumosa Retz. (1786) 20. Eragrostis plumosa (Retz.) Link (1827) 192. —Eragrostis tenella
(L.) Roem. & Schult. var. plumosa (Retz.) Stapf (1896) 315. — Type: Konig s.n. in Herb.
Retzius 378 K (holo LD; neg. 6891, K, fragm.). — Poa viscosa Retz. (1786) 20. — Eragrostis viscosa (Retz.) Trin. (1830) 397. Eragrostis tenella
(L.) Roem. & Schult. var. viscosa (Retz.) Stapf & subvar. aperta Stapf (1896) 315. — Type:
Konig in Herb. Retzius (holoLD; K, fragm.).
Cyperus paniculatus Blanco (1837) 32, non Rottb. (1772). — Type: Not extant. Neotype: Merrill
Sp. Blancoan. 229 (holo US; A, L, MO, NSW, NY), designatedhere.
Eragrostis mangalorica Hochst. ex Miq. (1851a) 38; (1851b) 26; Hochst. ex Steud. (1854) 265,
isonym. — Type: Mez 262 (holo U; P). J. F. Veldkamp: Revision of Eragrostis in Malesia 165
Eragrostis amabilis (L.) Nees forma varia Kuntze (1891) 774. — Lectotype: Kuntze s.n. 'Java'
(holo NY), designatedhere.
Eragrostis tenella (L.) Roem. & Schult. var. koenigii Kuntze (1891) 774. —Type: Epithet stated
to be derived from Nees, but source unknown; material not indicated, 'Java', ? Herb. Kuntze
s. n. (NY, not noticed).
Eragrostis riparia auct. non P. Beauv.
Tuftedannualto perennial. Culms erect, not rooting at the nodes, branching intra- and
extra-vaginally at base, (0.03-)0.3-0.7 m long, glands absent or with glandular patches
in the inflorescence5 ('viscosa'). Sheath collarlong-ciliate. Ligule a ciliolaterim. Blades
Panicles rather axils (1—)3.5—13 cm by (1—)2.5—5 mm. lax, 3.5-15 by 1-5 cm, glabrous
branches and to pilose (see note), erecto-patent, solitary, approximate pseudo-whorled,
stiff to wavy, (sub)smooth, sometimes somewhat sticky, the lowermost 1-3.5 cm long,
naked in the lower 0.1-0.3th. Pedicels 0.5-2.75 mm long, shorter to longer than the
spikelet, not to inconspicuously glandular. Spikelets laterally compressed, disarticu-
lating from above downward,rhachilla fragile, florets fragmenting, 1.25-4.25 by 1-
1.25 mm. Glumes subequal, 0.8-1.25 mm long, acute, 1-nerved; lower glume 0.7-0.8
times as long as the first lemma.Lemmas 0.85-1.25 mm long, acute to obtuse. Paleas caducous, keels setose (setae up to 0.3 mm long). Anthers 3, 0.2-0.25 mm long,
0.15-0.2 times as long as the lemma. Caryopsis ellipsoid, 0.4-0.5 mm long, pericarp
smooth, cinnamon to dark tea-coloured. 2n = 40, 60.
Distribution — Tropics ofthe Old World, widely introduced in the New; throughout
Malesia, but in the Philippines so far only seen fromCebu, Luzon and Palawan; Christ- mas Is., Cocos Keeling. Northern Australia (W Australia, N Territory, Queensland).
Habitat— Open waste places, between stones, near beaches, locally abundant,
0-550(-1400) m altitude.
— Common when available in sufficient fodder. Uses weed; quantities used as
Sometimes used for lawns. Grain said to be rich in nitrogen.
Vernacular — love names Bug's egg grass, Japanese grass.
Notes — Although the manuscripts by Rumphius (1750) were known to Linnaeus during his visit to the Netherlands (1735-1737) in this case he (through Stickman,
1754) gave no binomial.
For the use of the epithet amabilis, see Introduction.
Eragrostis viscosa ('sticky love grass') seems mainly distinct by being much more glandular and sticky, otherwise I see no characters to distinguish it by. Several authors,
Smook intermediaries e.g. (1990) indicatedthat are present in SAfrica, and the glands in the inflorescence from absent in Malesia range to present as well. Note that these glands are very minute, pale thickenings, and at first may easily escape detection: use
40 Field that otherwise amabilis a x magnification. notes suggest 'typical' E. may be sticky. Occasionally specimens are obviously sticky (adhering sand grains, anthers, debris) but have no detectable glands.
Varieties have been distinguished based on the presence/absence of hairs in the in- florescence axils. This is a variable and insufficientcharacter.
Similar to E. warburgii (see key and below).
A form from the shores of the Indian Ocean, from Madagascar to Bangladesh, is var. insularis with very contracted panicles with erect branches but identical in the spikelets. 166 BLUMEA Vol. 47, No. 1, 2002
- Panicle lax, 1-5 cm wide, branches erecto-patent. Lower glume 0.8-1.25 mm
0.7-0.8 times first long, as long as lemma la. E. amabilis var. amabilis
- 0.5-1 Panicle contracted, cm wide, branches appressed. Lower glume 0.5-0.6
mm long, 0.5-0.6 times as long as first lemma . lb. E. amabilis var. insularis
b. var. insularis (C.E. Hubb.) Umamaheswari & P. Daniel
Eragrostis amabilis (L.) Wight & Am. ex Nees var. insularis (C.E. Hubb.) Umamaheswari &
P. Daniel (1998). — Eragrostis tenella (L.) Roem. & Schult. var. insularis C.E. Hubb. (1940).
—Type: Vaughan 1937 (holo K; photo in MH).
Habitat — Said to be a coastal species, but the only specimen available, Jeffrey &
. .
Zelia 686 (L) from the Seychelles, Mahe, was found at 420 m altitude. Occurs together
with typical variety.
Notes — have from I seen no specimens Malesia, but a collection from the Marshalls
(Anderson 3675, L; Arno is similar, it Atoll) very so perhaps may turn up in here as
well.
Eragrostis warburgii also has such contracted panicles, but differs:
- Collarof sheaths pilose. Lowermost longest panicle branch 1.3-2 cm long, naked
in the lower 0.17-0.23th Pedicels shorter than part. to as long as the spikelets.
Spikelets c. 0.9 mm wide. Lower glume 0.5-0.6 mm long, 0.5-0.6 times as long
as first lemma; 0.7-0.8 mm lb. E. amabilis var. insularis upper glume long . .
- Collar of sheaths glabrous. Lowermost longest panicle branch 4.5-5 cm long,
spikeled to base. Pedicels longer than the spikelets. Spikelets 1.1-1.75 mm wide.
Lower 0.65-1.25 0.7-0.83 glume mm long, times as long as first lemma; upper
glume 1-1.25 mm long 24. E. warburgii
Another species with densely contracted panicles is E. riparia, which differs:
- Glands absent to present on the panicle branches and pedicels. Panicles rather
lax, 3.5-15 by 1-5 cm, lowermost longest branch 1-3.5 cm long 1. E. amabilis
- Glands the and main axis. Panicle contracted present on peduncle to interrupted,
then lobed at base, 1.3-3.5 by 0.35-1.2 cm, lowermost longest branch 0.6-0.9
cm long 20. E. riparia
2. Eragrostis aspera (Jacq.) Nees ex Steud.
Nees Steud. (1840) 562; 358. — Poa Eragrostis aspera (Jacq.) ex (1841) aspera Jacq. (1777) 32,
t. 56. — Type: Herb. Jacquin (holo W; K).
Tuftedannuals. Culms branching intra-vaginally at base, 0.4-1.2 m long, eglandular.
Sheath collar ciliolate pilose. Ligule a rim. Blades 8-45 cm by 3-12 mm. Panicles finally lax, 15-60 by 7-15 cm, axils bearded, branches solitary to pseudo-whorled,
1-4 together, erecto-patent, finally patent, scaberulous, the lowermost longest 10-15
naked in cm long, the lower 0.2th. Pedicels 7.5-20 mm long, much longer than the spikelet. Spikelets laterally compressed, disarticulating from the top downward, rha- chilla floret 3-10 1-1.5 fragile, falling as a whole, by mm. Glumes subequal, 0.65-1 mm long, acute to obtuse, 1 -nerved; the lower0.5-0.6times as long as the first lemma.
Lemmas 1.25-1.4 mm long, rounded to truncate. Palea caducous, keels scabrous. J. F. Veldkamp: Revision of Eragrostis in Malesia 167
Anthers 3, c. 0.15 mm long, c. 0.1 times as long as the lemma. Caryopsis subglobose,
0.4-0.5 mm long; pericarp smooth, dark tea-coloured. 2n = 20.
Distribution— Tropical Africa to India; cultivated and escaping in Malesia, e.g.
Java (Bogor), Philippines (Quezon City).
Habitat -— Old fields, waste places, gravely river banks, c. 400 m altitude (300-
2000 m in Africa).
Uses — Relished by horses.
Note — Inflorescences said to break off entirely and blown about by the wind.
Most similar to E. japonica (see key) and E. amabilis:
- Panicle 1-5 1-3.5 cm wide, branches smooth, lowermost longest branch cm long.
Pedicels 0.5-2.75 mm long. Lower glume 0.7-0.8 times as long as first lemma.
Palea keels setose. Caryopsis ellipsoid 1. E. amabilis
- Panicle 7-15 cm wide, branches scaberulous, lowermost longest branch 10-15
cm long. Pedicels 7.5-20 mm long. Lower glume 0.5-0.6 times as long as first
lemma. Palea keels scaberulous. 2. Caryopsis subglobose E. aspera
3. Eragrostis atrovirens (Desf.) Trin. ex Steud.
Eragrostis atrovirens (Desf.) Trin. ex Steud. (1840) 562; (1841) 358; Nees (1841a) 400, isonym.
— Desf. (1798) 73, t. 14. — Poa atrovirens Eragrostis atroviridis Maire (1937) 385, see note.
— Type: Herb. Desfontaines specimen a dextro (holo FT; P, microfiche IDC 6210, fiche 7, A-3,
K & in Herb. K in neg. 6871, photo fragm. BRI; Vahl, C, neg. 6828, photo BRI).
Eragrostis bahiensis auct. non Schult.
Eragrostis brownii auct. non Nees.
Eragrostis chariis auct. non Hitchc.
Eragrostis elegantula auct. non Steud.
Eragrostis elongata auct. non J. Jacq.
Eragrostis gangetica auct. non Steud.
Eragrostis nutans auct. non Steud.
Tuftedperennials. Culms erect to geniculate at base, rarely rooting in the nodes, branch-
ing extra- and intra-vaginally at base, 0.6-1.35 m long, eglandular. Sheath collar sub-
Blades glabrous to pilose on the edges. Ligule a ciliolaterim. 10.5-26 cm by 1.25-5
mm. Panicles at first contracted, later lax, 11.5-20by 6-9 cm, axils glabrous, branches erecto-patent, 1 (or 2) together, the lowermost longest 6.5-11 cm long, naked in the
lower 0.35-0.4th, scaberulous. Pedicels 0.25-4 mm long, shorter than the spikelets.
Spikelets laterally compressed, disarticulating from the base upward, rhachilla per-
5.5-12 Glumes sistent, by 1.5-2.5 mm. unequal, acute, 1-nerved; lower glume 1.1-
1.7 0.53-0.74times first 1.3-1.6 mm long, as long as lemma; upper glume mm long.
1.75-2 acuminate. Paleas Lemmas mm long, soon deciduous, keels scaberulous.
Anthers 3,0.75-1 mm long, 0.33-0.45times as long as the lemma. Caryopsis spindle-
shaped, 0.6-0.9 mm long, pericarp finely striate, dark tea-coloured. 2n = 20, 40, 60.
Distribution — India but from Africa, to Japan, throughout Malesia, not yet the
Lesser Sunda Is., and rare in the Moluccas (Ternate) and New Guinea(Biak, Kaimana,
Tsiof); Palau. Introduced in Australia (Queensland) and America (Mexico to Chili).
Habitat— Hard, stony soil, clay, along paths, fields, locally abundant, 0-1600 m altitude.
Uses — Eaten by cattle, but of low nutritive value and yield. Culms used for
thatching. 168 BLUMEA Vol. 47, No. 1, 2002
Notes — Spikelets occasionally smutted by Bipolaris spec.
Maire ' atroviridis' (1937) changed the epithet to as therewould be an E. atrovirens
Steud. later Nees (1834) making E. atrovirens (1841) a homonym. I have not traced
the reference Nees and have retained the Nees to (1834) customary orthography. (1841a)
did not refer to an earlier usage by him while the CD-ROM of the Index Kewensis
' ' (ed. 2, 1997) gave only a single itemfor the combination atrovirens and 'Nees'.
Easily confused with E. luzoniensis:
- Anthers 0.6-1 mm long, 0.33-0.45 times as long as the lemma. Caryopsis fusiform,
0.75-0.9 terete, mm long, pericarp finely striate (x 40!) 3. E. atrovirens
- Anthers 0.25-0.5 0.16-0.2 times mm long, as long as the lemma. Caryopsis
ellipsoid, laterally somewhat flattened,0.4-0.55 mm long, pericarp finely reticulate
(x 40!) 13. E. luzoniensis
4. Eragrostis balgooyi Veldk., spec. nov.
Differt malesianis in habitu culmis basi intra- a speciebus perenno, extra-vaginalibusque
ramosis, vaginae collo piloso, ligulaoraformi ciliolata, panicula 24-47 cm longa ca. 8
cm lata, ramorum axilla barbata, ramis erecto-patentibus, infimus ad basin spiculatus,
multo brevioribus, pedicellis spiculis spiculis lateraliter compressis 11.5-20 mm longis
c. 2.5 mm latis sursum disarticulatis, rhachilla persistenti nodis visibilibus, glumis acu-
minatis, glumasuperiore 2-2.3 mm longa, paleae carinis ciliolatis, antheribus 0.4-0.5
mm longis, lemmate 0.17-0.2-plo longioribus, pericarpo minute reticulatis cinnamomeo.
— Typus: Van Balgooy & Mamesah! 6259 (holoL; BO, K).
Perennials. Culms tufted, erect, branching intra- and extra-vaginally at base, 0.4-0.8
m long. Glands absent. Sheath collar pilose. Ligule a ciliolaterim. Blades 7-24 cm
by 1.5-3 mm. Panicles lax, 27-47 by c. 8 cm, the lower axils of the panicle branches
bearded, branches erecto-patent, scaberulous, the lowermost solitary, 2-4.5 cm long,
branch base. spikeled to Pedicels 1.5-5.5 mm long, much shorter than the spikelets.
Spikelets laterally compressed, 11.5-20 by c. 2.5 mm, disarticulating from the base
upward (see note), rhachilla persistent, joints visible. Glumes unequal, acuminate,
1-nerved; lower 1-1.6 mm 0.53-0.84times first lemma; glume long, as long as upper
2-2.3 2-3 acuminate. Paleas glume mm long. Lemmas mm long, long-persistent,
keels ciliolate. Anthers 3, 0.4-0.5 mm long, 0.17-0.2 times as long as the lemma.
Caryopsis ellipsoid, laterally somewhat flattened, dorsally not grooved, c. 0.8 mm
long; pericarp finely reticulate, cinnamon. 2n = ?
Distribution — Malesia, Aru Is., P. Trangan, Meroor.
Habitat— Savannahwith Banksia, Leptocarpus, Melaleuca, and grasses, 0 m altitude.
Notes — At early maturity the lowermost lemmas fall off with their paleas being
long-persistent, whileit is not impossible that at full maturity the spikelets disarticulate
from above down, as is the case in e.g. E. concinna (R.Br.) Steud. and E. fallax La-
zarides. This curious phenomenon will cause difficultiesfor these species (and possibly others) when using the keys ofLazarides (1997) and Simon(1993), where the spikelets
are considered as disarticulating strictly from the top down.
In these keys the present species tentatively keys out with E. concinna, which
differs by e.g. the much more compressed spikelets, the closely imbricate lemmas
the rhachilla hiding joints even at maturity, and the subglobose caryopses. J.F. Veldkamp: Revision ofEragrostis in Malesia 169
smutted Some spikelets were by Bipolaris spec.
The species was named after Dr. Max M.J. van Balgooy, eminent collector, plant connoisseur, epicure, and friend.
5. Eragrostis brownii (Kunth) Nees
Eragrostis brownii (Kunth) Nees (1834) 105; (1838)253, ' brownei’.—Poa polymorpha R.Br.
(1810) 180, non Wibel (1799). — Megastachya polymorpha (R.Br.) P. Beauv. (1812) 74, 167,
175. —Poa brownii Kunth (1829) 112, ‘brownei’.—Eragrostis atrovirens (Desf.) Steud. forma
brownii (Kunth) Hack. (1915) 38. — Eragrostis polymorpha (R.Br.) Jedwabn. (1924) 188, non
Roem. & Schult. (1817). — Lectotype: R. Brown 6284 (holoBM, photo in BRI; E, fragm. in
BRI; K, photo & fragm. in BRI; NSW), designated by Lazarides (1997: 101).
Poa pubescens R.Br. (1810) 181. — Eragrostis pubescens (R.Br.) Steud. (1854) 279. —Type:
R. Brown 6272 (holoBM; BRI, E, K; P, photo in BRI).
— Herb. (holo Eragrostis zeylanica Nees (1841b) 72; (1843) 204. Type: Macrae s.n. in Lindley
K CGE; neg. 20376). — Uniola spicata Llanos (1851) 33, non L. (1753). Type: Not extant. Neotype; Merrill Sp. Blancoan.
170 (holo US; A, BM, BO, K, L, MO, NSW, NY, P), designatedhere.
Eragrostis bulbillifera Steud. (1854) 267. — Type: Btirger s.n. (holo L, sh. 908.87-1907).
Eragrostis spartinoides Steud. (1854) 265. — [Eragrostis zeylanica Nees var. glomerata Nees
(1850) 102, nomen]. — Type: Cuming 668 (holo P, photo & fragm. in BRI; K. neg. 6901; B,
extant?, K, MO, L).
?Eragrostis vulcanica Jedwabn. (1924) 188. — Syntypes: Anonymous, Naumann s.n. (both in B,
lost) (see note).
11105 Eragrostis cumingii Steud. var. novoguineensis Jansen (1953) 271. —Type: Carr (holo L;
K, MO, NSW, NY, SING).
Eragrostis amabilis auct. non Nees.
Eragrostis cumingii auct. non Steud.
Eragrostis elegantula auct. non Steud.
Eragrostis elongata auct. non J. Jacq.
Eragrostis nutans auct. non Steud.
Tuftedperennials. Culms erect, branching extra- and lntra-vaginally at base, 0.1-1.1 m long, eglandular. Sheath collar glabrous to sparsely pilose on the edges. Ligule a ciliolate rim. Blades 3-25 cm by 0.5-3 mm. Panicles lax, interrupted, or dense, 3.5-
20 by 1.5-9cm, axils glabrous, branches more or less appressed to patent, the lower- most solitary, 0.5-6.5 cm long, naked in the lower 0.1-0.25th, scaberulous. Pedicels
disarticu- 0.5-2.75mm long, shorter than the spikelets. Spikelets laterally compressed, lating from the base upward, rhachilla fragile from the top down, 4.25—15(—40) by
1.5-2.5 mm. Glumes unequal, acute, 1-nerved; lower glume 1-1.45 mm long, 0.48-
0.77(-0.9) times as long as first lemma; upper glume 1.25-1.7 mm long. Lemmas
1.4-2.8 mm long, acute to acuminate. Paleas persistent, keels ciliolate. Anthers 3,
(0.25-)0.3-0.4(-0.6) mm long, 0.15-0.26 times as long as the lemma. Caryopsis ellipsoid, laterally slightly flattened, 0.45-0.65 mm long; pericarp finely striate
(x 40!), dark tea-coloured, rarely cinnamon. 2n = ?
Distribution— Sri Lanka, India, to S China, Taiwan, Japan, Australia (all states),
New Zealand, Pacific (New Caledonia, Marshall Is., Easter Is.), the Andaman &
Nicobars, Malesia: Peninsular Malaysia (all states), Singapore, Sumatra (E Coast,
Palembang), Bangka, Java (apparently rare: Bogor, Madiun), Madura, Philippines
(Palawan, Luzon, Mindoro, Guimaras, Mindanao), Kabaena, Lesser Sunda Is. (Sum- 170 BLUMEA Vol. 47, No. 1, 2002
bawa, Timor), Moluccas (Burn, TenimbarIs.), New Guinea, Irian Jaya (Baliem, Kamiri,
Kebar, Merauke, Sorong), Papua New Guinea (W Sepik, Western, W-, S Highlands,
Simbu, Morobe, Northern, Gulf, Central, Milne Bay, E New Britain Prov.). Not yet in
Borneo.
Habitat— Savanna, eucalypt forest on stony, shallow soil, sandy beaches, roadsides, pastures, 0-1500(-2300) m altitude.
Uses — None recorded.
— love Vernacularnames Bay grass, Brown's grass, sheep grass.
— smutted Notes Spikelets occasionally are by Bipolaris spec.
This species has often been called E. elongata, an older name for the Papuasian
E. diandra (see Introduction).
The author citation must be '(Kunth) Nees in Wight', because Kunth and Nees based their new names on Poa polymorpha R. Br. (see Art. 33.2 Ex. 3). In the L copy of the Catalogue there is a letter by Arnott Walker, where Nees is mentioned as having returned a list with identifications from which presumably the name was taken.
Lazarides (1997)regarded E. brownii as a non-Malesian species and distinct from
E. pubescens and E. spartinoides, because at maturity the florets would fall together
with the joint, while in the others the rhachilla would disarticulate after the lemmas
have fallen. This is incorrect.
Eragrostis pubescens is thenext oldestname and was employed by Lazarides (1997:
144) for tall specimens with pilose sheaths, long inflorescences with pubescent axes and axils, long and many-flowered spikelets, persistent rhachillas and paleas, and
deciduous, 2-4 mm long, sometimes 5-nerved lemmas. In view of the variability
expressed by the present species, none of these differences seemed tenable, as was also the opinion of Bentham (1878: 647). See also sub E. luzoniensis.
Eragrostis spartinoides would differ from E. pubescens by the less imbricate lem-
mas, finally exposing the fragile rhachilla. I have not been able to find any clear
distinction.
Eragrostis subsecunda (Lam.) E. Fourn. (1886), based on Poa subsecunda Lam.
(1791), and typified by Sonnerat s.n. from China(holo P, photo in K) possibly is part of this alliance. Based on two specimens from Queensland it was said by Lazarides
(1997: 154) to occur from S Chinaand Indochinathrough Malesia to Queensland. As
he cited no collections, it is not clear what he meant.
Eragrostis vulcanica Jedwabn. is included here on the basis of its description. No
duplicates of its syntypes from New Ireland couldbe found in A, B, BISH, K, L, M,
NSW, NY, P, U, US, WAG.
Eragrostis brownii is very close to E. cumingii, which differs mainly by the minute,
more or less globose anthers, and by being usually annual. I have never found both
types of anthers on one plant, and so do not believe that small anthers might be due to
non-genetic circumstances. The flowers are chasmogamous.
It is also similar to E. luzoniensis and E. montana:
- Spikelets disarticulating from the base upward, rhachillafragile, breaking up from
above also, keels ciliolate 5. E. brownii downward, paleas long-persistent, ...
- Spikelets disarticulating from the base upward, rhachilla persistent, paleas cadu-
cous, keels scaberulous 13. E. luzoniensis J. F. Veldkamp: Revision of Eragrostis in Malesia 171
- Spikelets disarticulating from the base upward, rhachillafragile, breaking up from
above downward, also. Pericarp finely reticulate (x 40!) 5. E. brownii
- Spikelets disarticulating from the base upward, rhachilla persistent. Pericarp
smooth 15. E. montana
6. Eragrostis cilianensis (Bellardi) Vignolo ex Janch.
Eragrostis cilianensis (Bellardi)Vignolo [(1904), comb, inval.] ex Janch. (1907) 110, see for author-
Simon — Poa cilianensis Bellardi 246. — ship e.g. (1983). (1785) Eragrostis megastachya — (Koeler) Link var. cilianensis (Bellardi)Asch. & Graebn. (1900)371, comb, incorr. Lectotype:
Bellardi K s.n. (holo TO, no. 8242; BRI, photo, neg. 19571), designatedby Vignolo (1904).
L. 70. — Moench — Poa Briza eragrostis (1753) Briza oblonga (1794) 185, nom. superfl. mega-
stachya Koeler (1802) 181. — Poa eragrostis Brot. (1804) 103, non L. (1753). — Eragrostis
major Host (1809) 14, t. 24, nom. superfl. — Megastachya oblonga (Moench) Moench ex
P. Beauv. (1812)74,167,175.—Eragrostis oblonga(Moench)Baumg.(1816)238,nom. superfl.
—Megastachya eragrostis (L.) P. Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult. (1817)575, 584. — Eragrostis
megastachya (Koeler) Link (1827) 187. — Eragrostis vulgaris Coss. & Germ. (1845) 641,
nom. superfl. — Eragrostis vulgaris Coss. & Germ. var. megastachya (Koeler) Coss. & Germ.
(1845) 641, comb, incorr. —Eragrostis poaeoides Roem. & Schult. var. megastachya (Koeler)
A. Gray (1856) 563. — Eragrostis minor Host var. major (Host) Beck (1890) 88, nom. superfl.
—[Eragrostis eragrostis (L.) H. Karst. (1881) 389; MacMill. (1892) 75, isonym, nom. inval.,
non P. Beauv. (1812)]. — Eragrostis minor Host var. megastachya (Koeler) Burtt Dav(1901)
60, nom. superfl. — Eragrostis vulgaris Coss. & Germ, subsp. major (Host) Rouy (1913) 262,
comb, incorr. — Erosion cilianense (Bellardi) Lunell (1915) 221, ‘ciliare’. —Eragrostis
eragrostis (L.) P. Beauv. var. megastachya (Koeler)Farw. (1916) 182,nom. superfl. —Eragrostis
vulgaris Coss. & Germ, subsp. megastachya (Koeler) R.C.V. Douin (1934) 32. comb, incorr.
— Eragrostis cilianensis (Bellardi) Janch. var. major (Host) Maire (1941) 935, nom. superfl.
— Eragrostis cilianensis (Bellardi) Janch. subsp. major (Host) Maire & Weiller & forma
megastachya (Koeler) Maire & Weiller (1953) 175. — Lectotype: Kalm in Herb. Linn. 88.8
(holoLINN, microfiche IDC), designated here.
Eragrostis multiflora auct. non Asch
Tuftedannuals. Culms geniculate at base, with tufts at the nodes, thererarely rooting,
Sheaths branching intra-vaginally at base, 0.2-0.7 m long. glandular on the nerves,
collar bearded on the edges. Ligule a row of 0.5-0.75 mm long hairs. Blades 4-15
cm by 1.5-6.5 mm, margins glandular. Panicles lax, 6-19 by 2.5-8 cm, axils glabrous
branches the lowermost 2-5.5 to pilose, erecto-patent to reflexed, solitary, cm long,
naked in the lower0.16-0.25th, scaberulous. Pedicels 0.5-3.5 mm long, much shorter
than the spikelets, sometimes crateriform glandular. Spikelets laterally compressed,
disarticulating from the base upward, rhachilla persistent, (2.2—)6—18 by 2-3.5 mm.
Glumes subequal, acute, 1-nerved; lower glume 1.1-1.85 mm long, 0.72-0.93 times
as long as first lemma; upper glume 1.35-2 mm long. Lemmas 1.7-2.15 mm long, acutish to apiculate. Paleas persistent, keels ciliolate.Anthers 3,0.25-0.35 mm long,
times the 0.14-0.17 as long as lemma. Caryopsis subglobose, 0.5-0.7 mm long,
pericarp smooth to finely reticulate, orangish to dark tea-coloured. 2n = 20, 40, 60.
Distribution — Originally in the (sub)tropical Old World, now in all (sub)tropics,
the Andaman & Nicobars, Malesia: Java (Semongkrong), Lesser Sunda Is. (Bali,
Lombok, Sumba, Flores, Timor, Alor), Philippines (Cebu, Negros), Moluccas (Buru),
introduced in New Guinea(Irian Jaya: Jayapura; Papua New Guinea: Morobe Prov.).
Habitat— Weed of waste places, fields, grasslands, especially in regions with a
distinct altitude. dry season, may become noxious; up to 500 m Rather rare? 172 BLUMEA Vol. 47, No. 1, 2002
Uses — Satisfactorily nutritious, eaten by cattle, but with littleyield, occasionally
poisonous (triglochinin); famine cereal.
Vernacular — Stink name grass.
— Said Notes to have a nasty smell, hence the vernacular name.
Various authors have expressed their doubts about the distinctiveness of E. minor
and observed that it would intergrade with E. cilianensis. E.g. Backer (1928) stated to
have observed intermediary forms in Java. I have seen none. Compare also Lazarides
(1997: 105) and the key.
7. Eragrostis cumingii Steud.
a. var. cumingii
Eragrostis cumingii Steud. (1854) 266. — [Eragrostis zeylanica Nees minor Nees (1850) 102:
minor is a diagnose, not an epithet]. — Lectotype: Cuming 1104 (holo P, photo & fragm. in
BRI; K neg. 6900; CGE, K, L, MO), designatedby Lazarides (1997: 109).
Uniola — paniculata Llanos (1851) 32, non L. (1753). Type: Not extant. Neotype: Merrill Sp.
Blancoan. 422 (holo US; A, BM. BO, K, L, MO, NSW, NY, P), designatedhere.
distans Hack. 81. — Elmer 6608 & in K Eragrostis (1906) Type: (holo W, photo fragm. BRI, neg
6818).
Eragrostis reflexa Hack. (1908) 168. — Type: BS 2067 (Ramos) (holo W; BRI, fragm.; L, fragm.; K, NSW, NY, SING).
Eragrostis cumingii var. rindjaniensis Jansen (1953) 272. — Type: Elbert 1276 (holoL).
Eragrostis amabilis auct. non Nees.
Eragrostis elegantula auct. non Steud.
Eragrostis elongata auct. non J. Jacq.
Eragrostisferruginea auct. non P. Beauv.
Eragrostis interrupta auct. non Doll.
Eragrostis nigra auct. non Steud.
Eragrostis pilosa auct. non P. Beauv.
Eragrostis zeylanica auct. non Nees & Meyen.
Tufted annuals, sometimes perennial. Culms erect or geniculate at base, not rooting in
the nodes, branching intra-vaginally at base, 0.1-0.85 m long, eglandular. Sheath col-
lar glabrous or with some hairs on the edges. Ligule a ciliolaterim. Blades 4—8(—19)
cm by 0.5-1.75(-5) mm. Panicles lax, 5.5-26 by 2-8 cm, axils glabrous to sparsely
pilose, branches erecto-patent, solitary, nearly smooth to scaberulous, sometimes
sparsely pilose, the lowermost 1.5-5.5 cm long, naked in the lower 0.13-0.4th.
Pedicels 0.25-2.75 much shorter mm long, than the spikelets. Spikelets laterally com-
pressed, disarticulating from the base upward, rhachilla persistent, ultimately breaking
from Glumes up the top down or not, 4.5-20 by 1.25-3 mm. subequal, acute, 1-nerved;
lower glume 0.75-1.5 mm long, 0.6-0.87 times as long as first lemma; upper glume
1-1.9 mm long. Lemmas 1.25-1.7(-2) mm long, acute to acuminate. Paleas persistent, keels ciliolate. Anthers 3,0.1-0.25 mm long, 0.06-0.13 times as long as the lemma.
Caryopsis subglobose to ellipsoid, laterally flattened, 0.35-0.55 mm long, pericarp
finely reticulate, cinnamon. 2n = ?
Distribution— Bhutan, Burma to N Vietnam, Australia(W Australia, N Territory,
Queensland); Malesia: Peninsular Malaysia (Johor), Singapore, Sumatra (E Coast),
Java, Madura,Philippines (Hermana Major Is., Luzon, Mindanao,Mindoro, Palawan), J. F. Veldkamp: Revision of Eragrostis in Malesia 173
Anambas, Celebes (Palu), Lesser Sunda Is. (Bali, Lombok, Flores, Timor, Kisar),
Moluccas (Buru), New Guinea, Irian Jaya (Japen, Kebar, Tsiof Is.), Papua New Guinea
(E New Britain Prov.).
Habitat— Open or slightly shaded, less fertile soil, roadsides, coral sand, lawns,
fields, under shrubbery, 0-1975 m altitude.
Uses — Moderate value as a fodder.
Notes — Depauperate plants were distinguished as var. rindjaniensis.
See also the note under E. brownii and the key.
I have not i.e. with with the anthers seen any cleistogamous spikelets, caryopses
adhering to the top, as was suggested by Lazarides (1997: 110).
b. var. kisarensis Jansen
Eragrostis cumingii Steud. var. kisarensis Jansen (1953) 272. — Type: Bloembergen 3840 (holo
BO; K, fragm. in BRI; L) (see note).
As the typical form, but apparently sometimes perennial and with only 2 anthers.
Distribution — Malesia: Lesser Sunda Is.: Sumba (Monod de Froideville 2033),
Timor ( Metzner 110, 178), Kisar (Bloembergen 3840, 3850-bis).
Habitat — Waste places, sandy or calcareous soil, 0-200 m altitude.
Notes — This variety is maintained with hesitation and mainly to emphasise the
strange combinationof characters, which place these plants somewhat intermediate
between E. brownii, E. cumingii, and E. diandra.
The holotype is in BO, not B (Lazarides, 1997: 109).
8. Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees
Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees (1841a) 397. — Poa curvula Schrad. (1821) 2073. — Type:
in Hesse s.n. Herb. Trinius 2327.1 (2327.3?) (holo PH?; LE, iso, microfiche IDC BT-16/1).
Tufted perennials. Culms erect, branching extra- and intra-vaginally at base and the
nodes, 1.2—1.4 m long, eglandular. Sheath collar pilose. Ligule a row of 0.5 mm long
Blades 12-32 0.3-1 Panicles 15-18.5 5-9 hairs. cm by mm. lax, by cm, eglandular
branches, and sometimes with or (in Java) axes, pedicels inconspicuous to orange,
glandular, lanceolate patches, axils pilose, branches erecto-patent, the lowermost
solitary or semi-whorled, 1-3 together, the longest 3.5-7 cm long, naked in the lower
0.3-0.34th, scaberulous. Pedicels 0.5-3.5 mm long, shorter than the spikelets. Spikelets
laterally compressed, disarticulating from the base upward, rhachilla persistent, 5.5-
Glumes 9 by 1.5-2 mm. unequal, acute, 1-nerved; lower glume 1.5-1.75 mm long,
0.62-0.73 times first 2.25-2.7 Lemmas as long as lemma; upper glume mm long.
2.1-2.65 mm long, acute. Paleas persistent, keels smooth to minutely scaberulous.
Anthers 3,0.9-1.25 mm long, 0.4-0.5 times as long as the lemma. Caryopsis ellipsoid,
dorso-ventrally compressed, 1.3-1.4 mm long, pericarp smooth, cinnamon. 2n = 20,
40, 42, 50, 60, 63, 69, 70, 80.
Distribution — S Africa, widely cultivated elsewhere, Malesia: Java (Priangan),
Philippines (Manila), Papua New Guinea (Simbu Prov., Kerowagi), but no doubt elsewhere.
Habitat — Edges of tea plantations, gardens, 1400-1750m altitude. 174 BLUMEA Vol. 47, No. 1, 2002
— Cultivated for Uses fodder,but sometimes poisonous (triglochinin), ground cover,
decorative; resistant, useful for or as a very drought range improvement. Some forms,
the least palatable, are in Australia (e.g. in New South Wales) considered a major
pest.
Vernacularnames —African or weeping love grass.
Notes — A very variable species because it is usually apomictic (see e.g. Poverene
& Curvetto (1989)); in Africamerging with at least E. barbinodis Hack., E. chloromelas
Steud., E. lehmannianaNees, and E. superba Peyr.
In Malesia there are at least two forms, one with glandular, fertile inflorescences
(Java, Papua New Guinea), the other eglandular and apparently functionally male
(Philippines). The description above differs in some points from that given in most
floras, e.g. in the presence ofglands in the inflorescence (also seen in specimens from
Australia, California), widthofspikelet, lengths of upper glume, anthers, and caryopses,
but our plants seem best placed in this species complex.
In Malesiait is somewhat similar to E. luzoniensis:
- of hairs. least lower axils of Ligule a row At the the panicle branches bearded.
2.25-2.7 First lemma 2.1-2.65 Upper glume mm long. mm long, acute. Paleas
long-persistent. Anthers 0.9-1.25 mm long, 0.4-0.5 times as long as the lemma.
Caryopsis dorso-ventrally flattened. 1.3-1.4 mm long, pericarp smooth, cinnamon
8. E. curvula
- Ligule a ciliolaterim. At least the lower axils of the panicle branches glabrous.
Upper glume 1.3-1.85 mm long. First lemma 1.35-1.85 mm long, acuminate.
Paleas caducous.Anthers 0.25-0.5 mm long, 0.16-0.2times as long as the lemma.
Caryopsis laterally somewhat flattened,0.4-0.55 mm long, pericarp finely reticu-
late (x 40!), (dark) tea-coloured 13. E. luzoniensis
9. Eragrostis diandra (R.Br.) Steud.
— Eragrostis diandra (R.Br.) Steud. (1854) 279. Poa diandra R.Br. (1810) 180. — Lectotype:
R. Brown 6278 (holo BM, photo in BRI; K, fragm. in BRI), designated here (see Lazarides
(1997: 115). For the preference of this name over the next, older one, see note).
Poa Willd. 108. — elongata (1809) Eragrostis elongata (Willd.) J. Jacq. (1811) 3, t. 3, pro comb.
— Megastachya elongata (Willd.) P. Beauv. (1812) 74, 167, 174. — Type: Herb. Willdenow
1919 microfiche to (holo B; IDC 7440; iso L?), said have come from East India (see Introduction).
Tufted perennials. Culms erect, not rooting in the nodes, branching extra- and intra-
vaginally at base, 0.4-0.6 m long, eglandular. Sheath collar glabrous. Ligule a ciliolate rim. Blades 9-20 0.35-2.7 Panicles cm by mm. contracted, composed ofinterrupted
8-11 axils glomerules, by 0.8-1.5 cm, glabrous, branches patent, scaberulous, the
lowermost 0.6-1.2 solitary, cm long, spikeled from the base. Pedicels 0.25-1 mm
long, much shorter than the spikelets. Spikelets laterally compressed, disarticulating
from the base rhachilla from the 1.5-2 upward, fragile top down, (3-)5.5-6.25 by
mm. Glumes subequal, acute, 1-nerved; lower glume 0.8-1 mm long, 0.6-0.75 times
as long as first lemma; upper glume 1-1.5 mm long. Lemmas 1.25-1.5 mm long,
acute to acuminate. Paleas persistent, keels ciliolate.Anthers 2, 0.2-0.25 mm long,
0.13-0.17 times as long as the lemma. Caryopsis ellipsoid, laterally flattened, 0.45-
0.5 mm long, pericarp smooth to finely reticulate, cinnamon. 2n = ? J. F. Veldkamp: Revision ofEragrostis in Malesia 175
Distribution— Australia (not in Tasmania), Malesia: Moluccas (Morotai), New
Guinea: Irian Jaya (Sentani); Papua New Guinea (Madang, Oro, Milne Bay Prov.).
Plants called E. elongata are said to have been introduced elsewhere, e.g. in Costa
Rica and Cuba (as E. ekmannii Hitchc.), Chili, USA (North Carolina and Florida,
Hawai'i), but in view ofthe application of the combinationE. elongata their identity needs confirmation (see Introduction).
Habitat— Dry grassland, weed in waste grounds, along paths, stream beds, 30-
975 m altitude.
Uses — Due to the nomenclatural confusionconcerning this species, said by some to be excellent for fodder and hay, by others of negligible value.
Vernacularname — Clustered love grass.
Note — Close to E. brownii, see key.
10. Eragrostis gangetica (Roxb.) Steud.
Eragrostis gangetica (Roxb.) Steud. (1854) 266. —Poa gangeticaRoxb. [(1814) 8, nomen]; (1820)
nom. — — Roxburgh 341. Eragrostis willdenowii Nees ex Steud. (1840) 565, superfl. Type:
s.n. (holo BM; CAL, K: Icon. Ined. 2111).
Poa cambessediana Kunth (1831) 469. —Eragrostis cambessediana (Kunth) Steud. (1854) 269.
— Type: Lelievre s.n. (holo P; K).
Tufted annuals. Culms tufted, geniculate at base, not rooting in the nodes, branching intra-vaginally at base, 0.25-0.45 m long, eglandular. Sheath collar bearded on the edges. Ligule a ciliolate rim. Blades 6-15 cm by 1-2.5 mm. Panicles lax to contracted,
12-20 by 5.5 cm, axils glabrous, branches solitary, erecto-patent, scaberulous, the lowermost solitary, 4-5 cm long, naked in the lower 0.16-0.25th. Pedicels 1.75-6 mm long, shorter than to as long as the spikelet. Spikelets laterally compressed, disartic- ulating from the base upward, rhachilla persistent, 4-5.25 by 1.5-1.75 mm. Glumes subequal, acute, 1-nerved; lower glumes 0.75-1 mm long, 0.5-0.6 times as long as the first lemma; upper glumes 1-1.5 mm long. Lemmas 1-1.5 mm long, acuminate.
Paleas caducous, keels scaberulous. Anthers 2,0.2-0.4 mm long, 0.15-0.27times as long as the lemma. Caryopsis ellipsoid, laterally slightly flattened,0.4-0.5 mm long, pericarp finely reticulate, dark tea-coloured. 2n = 20, 80.
Distribution — Tropical Africa to N Vietnam, Malesia: Singapore (,Sinclair 6892,
15/9/1951), Brunei (Gilliland5255, 30 March 1959), C Kalimantan (.Church et al.
1144, 25 April 1994).
Habitat — Disturbed places, grasslands at low altitude.
Uses — Used for fodderand brooms. May become a noxious weed.
Notes — Spikelets may be smutted by Bipolaris spec.
close Steud.from which is with Very to E. nutans (Retz.) India, a perennial persistent paleas and 3 anthers.
In Malesia most similar to E. minor.
- Glands absent. Ligule a ciliolate rim. First lemma acuminate. Paleas caducous.
Anthers 2 10. E. gangetica
- Glands present on the sheaths, blades, panicle branches, and pedicels. Ligule a
row of hairs. First lemma acute. Paleas long-persistent. Anthers 3 14. E. minor 176 BLUMEA Vol. 47, No. 1, 2002
11. Eragrostis japonica (Thunb.) Trin.
Eragrostis japonica (Thunb.) Trin. (1830) 405. — Poa japonica Thunb. (May-June 1784) 114;
(Aug. 1784) 51. — Eragrostis tenella (L.) P. Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult. var. japonica(Thunb.)
Roem. & Schult. (1817) 576. —Eragrostis tenuissima Schrad. ex Nees (1841a) 409, nom. superfl.
— Eragrostis interrupta [R.Br., non Lam.] P. Beauv. var. tenuissima Stapf (1896) 316. —
Diandrochloa japonica (Thunb.) A.N. Henry (1968) 290. — Roshevitzia japonica (Thunb.)
Tzvelev (1971) 50. — Type: Herb. Thunberg 2252 (holo UPS, fragm. in BRI, microfiche IDC
K 1036, neg. 6868).
— Poa glomerataWalt. (1788) 80. —Megastachyaglomerata (Walt.) Schult. (1824) 327. Eragrostis
glomerata (Walt.) Deweyex J.M. Coult. (1894) 543. —Diandrochloa glomerata (Walt.) Burkart
(1968) 287. —Roshevitzia glomerata (Walt.) Tzvelev (1971) 50. — Type: Lost. Neotype: Not
appointed.
Poa biflora Retz. (1788, '1789') 19. — Eragrostis minutiflora J. Presl (1830) 274, nom. superfl.
— Type: Kbnig s.n. in Herb. Retzius (holo LD, fragm. in BRI; Herb. Willdenow 1886,B, iso?,
IDC microfiche 7440).
Poa interrupta Lam. (1791) 185. —Eragrostis hapalanthaTrin. (1830) 409. — Eragrostis inter-
Doll P. Beauv. — Trin. rupta (Lam.) (1878) 157, non (1812). Eragrostis japonica (Thunb.) var.
— Herb. Lamarck P, interrupta (Lam.) Henrard (1940) 424. Type: Sonnerat s.n. in (holo
microfiche IDC 6207, fiche 711/1).
[Poa tenella sensu R.Br. (1810) 181, non L. (1753)]. — Poa tenellula Kunth (1829) 113. — Era-
grostis tenellula (Kunth) Steud. (1854) 279. — Type: R. Brown 6269 (holo BM; K, photo &
fragm. in BRI). (See note).
Poa diandra Roxb. (1820) 337, non R.Br. (1810). — Poa diarrhena Schult. & Schult.f. (1827)
616. — Eragrostis diarrhena (Schult. & Schult.f.) Steud. (1854) 266. — Eragrostis interrupta — [R.Br., nonLam.] P. Beauv. var. diarrhena (Schult. & Schult.f.) Stapf (1896) 316. Diandro-
chloa diarrhena (Schult. & Schult.f.) A.N. Henry (1968) 290. —Roshevitzia diarrhena (Schult.
& Schult.f.) Tzvelev (1968) 311. — Type: Herb. Roxburgh s.n. (holoBM; CAL; K, fragm. in
BRI; K: Icon. lned. 1330: P).
Eragrostis aurea Steud. (1846) 20. — Poa aurea(Steud.) Steud. ex Walp. (1849) 940. — Lectotype
Goering 15 (holo P), designatedhere.
verticillatus Nees 101. 545 in Sporobolus (1850) —Type: Cumingr (holo CGE; BM, BO; K, fragm.
BRI, K neg. 6903; L, NSW, P).
Panicum leptanthum Steud. (1853) 79. — Type: Cuming 1669 (holo P, photo & fragm. in BRI, K
neg. 6896; CGE, K).
Eragrostis milleflora Steud. (1854) 265. — Type: Lenormand in Herb. Steudel (holo P, fragm. &
in K photo BRI, neg. 6897).
Eragrostis hapalantha auct. non Trin
Eragrostis nutans auct. non Steud.
Eragrostis tenella auct. non Roem. & Schult
Poa amboinica auct. non L.
Tufted annuals (or sometimes perennial?). Culms erect, branching intra-vaginally at
base, 0.2—1.5(—1.8) m long, eglandular. Sheath collar glabrous. Ligule membranous,
margin ciliolate. Blades 9-32 cm by 2-9 mm. Panicles contracted, interrupted, 10-
sometimes 70 by 2-4 cm, axils glabrous, branches erecto-patent, solitary, approximate,
in lower scaberulous. the lowermost longest 3-15 cm long, naked the 0.1-0.35th,
Pedicels 0.25-2 mm long, shorter to longer than the spikelets. Spikelets laterally
compressed, disarticulating fromabove downward, rhachillafragile, 1-3.75 by 0.8-
1.6 mm. Glumes unequal, obtuse, faintly 1-nerved; lower glume 0.5-0.85 mm long,
0.5-0.64 times as long as first lemma; upper glume 0.75-0.85 mm long. Lemmas
0.6-1.25 mm long, obtuse. Paleas caducous, keels scaberulous. Anthers 2, 0.25-0.3
0.4-0.45 mm long, 0.3-0.4 times as long as the lemma. Caryopsis ellipsoid, mm
long, pericarp smooth, dark tea-coloured. 2n = 20, 40, 60. J. F. Veldkarap: Revision of Eragrostis in Malesia 177
Distribution — Old World tropics to Japan, the Andaman& Nicobars, early (before
and introduced in the Malesia: 1788) now widely New World, Peninsular Malaysia
(Pahang, Setul), Java (in the W only N ofthe mountains), Kangean Is., Borneo (Sabah;
Banjarmasin), Lesser Sunda Is. (Sumba, Flores, Timor, Sawu, Alor), Philippines (Ba-
labac Is., Luzon, Mindanao, Mindoro, Palawan, Samar), Celebes (South), Moluccas
(Buru), New Guinea: Irian Jaya (Mamberamo),Papua New Guinea(W Sepik, 'Papua'
(Copland King 1017, prior to 1918; NSW), New Ireland).
Habitat— Periodically inundatedlocalities in regions with a pronounced dry season,
sandy coasts, river sand banks, rice fields, ditches, roadsides, railroadbeds, thickets,
grasslands, locally gregarious (fields red-tinged!), up to 450(-1400) m altitude.
Vernacularname — Japanese love grass.
Uses — Stated by some to be avoided by cattle, by others to be well-grazed.
— Malesia Notes In most similar to E. aspera (see key).
This is an extremely polymorphic species as can be seen from the synonymy. Most
authors have attempted to distinguish E. diarrhena (incl. E. interrupta (Lam.) Doll,
non P. Beauv.), E. japonica, the Indianand African E. namaquensis Schrad. (sometimes
with E. diplachnoides Steud. as a variety), and the Australian E. tenellula (Kunth)
Steud. by the structure of the inflorescences and spikelets, but like Cope (1982) and
Lazarides (1994), (but see 1997: 160!) I have failedto find any correlating characters.
' ' In Malesiathe diarrhena form is most common in Java andthe Lesser SundaIslands,
whilein the Philippines, Moluccas, and New Guinea (three collections from the latter
' two) the 'japonica form seems more usual. They may grow together as is shown by
subsequent numbering and comments by collectors. Roughly they differby:
- Panicles dense, lobed, lower branches solitary to approximate, the longest one
3-6 cm long. Spikelets oblong to lanceolate,2.75-3.75 mm long, longer than the
pedicels, 6-14-flowered, not yawning. First lemma 1-1.25 mm long
E. diarrhena
- Panicles generally more lax, lower branches usually approximate, the longest one
8.5-15 cm long. Spikelets ovate to oblong, 1-2 mm long, as long as to shorter
than the pedicels, 2-6-flowered, rather laxly distributed, often yawning. First
lemma up to 1 mm long E. japonica
12. Eragrostis lasioclada Merr.
Eragrostis lasioclada Merr. (1906) 382. — Ectrosiopsis lasioclada (Merr.) Jansen (1953) 268. —
Ectrosia lasioclada (Merr.) S.T. Blake (1973) 65. — Type: Merrill 461 ('416') (holo PNH,
lost; L, US).
Ectrosia eragrostoides Domin (1915) 407; S.T. Blake (1969) 20. — [Ectrosiopsis eragrostoides
(Domin) Veldk. ex Whyte (1972) 132, comb, inval.]. — Type: Domin s.n., February 1910
(holo PRC, K neg. 11477;K, fragm.).
Eragrostis subaristata Chase (1939) 305. — Ectrosiopsis subaristata (Chase) Jansen(1953) 269.
— Brass 7879 K Type: (holo A, neg. 5625; BM, BO, BRI, K, US).
Ectrosia subtriflora Ohwi (1942) 1. —Eragrostis subtriflora (Ohwi) Ohwi (1947) 1. —Ectrosiopsis
subtriflora Jansen (1953) 268. —Type: Kanehira & Hatusima 13165 (holo BO; FU, L).
Ectrosiopsis curvifolia Jansen (1952) 474, t. 2. — Type: MacGregor 9 (holoMELB).
Ectrosiopsis aruensis Jansen (1953) 269. —Type: Buwalda 5306 (holo L; BO).
Eragrostis ciliata auct. non Nees. 178 BLUMEA Vol. 47, No. 1, 2002
Tufted perennials. Culms erect, branching intra- and extra-vaginally at base, 0.2-0.9
Sheath collar ciliolaterim. Blades 3-25 m long, eglandular. glabrous. Ligule a cm by
1-5 mm. Panicles loosely contractedto lax, 3-25 by 1-5 cm, axils glabrous to pilose,
0.8-3.5 naked in branches solitary, erect to patent, the lowermost longest cm long,
the lower 0.1-0.15th, scaberulous. Pedicels 0.75-2 mm long, much shorter than the
spikelet, pilose. Spikelets laterally compressed, disarticulating from the top down,
Glumes the lower rhachillafragile, 1.5-8by 1-2 mm. unequal, acuminate, 1-nerved;
1-1.75 0.5-0.6 times the first the 1.2-2.5 mm long, as long as lemma; upper mm
long. Lemmas 2-3.5 mm long, the upper longest and longest aristate, base with or
translucent acuminate without somewhat depressions, apex to mucronate, mucro up
to 1.5 mm long. Palea caducous, keels ciliolate.Anthers 3, 0.3-0.5 mm long, 0.17-
0.33 times as long as the lemma. Caryopsis fusiform, 0.45-0.6 mm long, pericarp
smooth, cinnamon.2n = ?
Distribution — Australia(N Territory, Queensland), Carolines (Yap), Malesia: Phil-
ippines (Palawan, Culion), SE Celebes, Aru (Trangan), New Guinea (Irian Jaya: Kebar,
Manokwari, Merauke; Papua New Guinea: Western; Sudest Is., MilneBay Province).
Habitat— savannahs with Banksia, Leptocarpus, Melaleuca old fields, Grasslands, ,
locally common, up to 400 m altitude.
— Sometimes because of Notes distinguished as a separate genus, Ectrosiopsis,
the awned lemmas, transitionalto Ectrosia R.Br., to which Blake and Lazarides have reduced it. See the Introduction.
The lemmas are quite variable in shape. Jansen (1952, 1953) thought he could
the other In the distinguish 5 species, Blake, on hand, recognised only a single one.
Malesian material two mainforms seemed to be present, but one collection from near
Merauke is a mixture of both (Hoogerwerf 199 L). ,
- Blades and inflorescences glabrous or with some long hairs in the axils of the
inflorescence and on the pedicels. Spikelets 5-14-flowered. Lemmas without a
translucent area on each side atthe base of themidrib; first lemmalinear-lanceolate,
acuminateto shortly caudate; higher lemmasaristate. (E. aruensis, E. subaristata)
'eragrostoides'
- Blades and inflorescences pilose. Spikelets 3-6-flowered.Lemmas with a trans-
lucent area on each side at the base ofthe midrib; first lemmaoblong to lanceolate,
acute to acuminate; higher lemmas shortly caudate to aristate. (E. curvifolia,
E. lasioclada, E. subtriflora) iasioclada"
In Malesia most similar to E. brownii:
- Spikelets disarticulating from the base upward, rhachillafragile, breaking up from
above downward, also. Glumes acute. Caryopsis ellipsoid, laterally somewhat
flattened, pericarp finely reticulate (x 40!), (dark) tea-coloured .. 5. E. brownii
- Spikelets disarticulating from above downward,rhachilla fragile. Glumes acumi-
nate. Caryopsis fusiform, terete, pericarp smooth, cinnamon . 12. E. lasioclada
13. Eragrostis luzoniensis Steud.
Steud. 266. 1416 & in Eragrostis luzoniensis (1854) —Type: Cuming; (holo P, photo fragm. BRI,
K neg. 6899; CGE, K, L, MO).
Eragrostis atrovirens auct. non Steud. J. F. Veldkamp: Revision of Eragrostis in Malesia 179
Eragrostis chariis auct. non Hitchc.
Eragrostis elegantula auct. non Steud.
Eragrostis elongata auct. non J. Jacq.
Eragrostis pubescens auct. non Steud. (see note)
Tufted perennials. Culms erect, branching extra- and intra-vaginally at base, 0.75-
the ciliolate 1.25 m long, eglandular. Sheath collar glabrous to pilose on edges. Ligule a
rim. 1-5 Panicles first later 11-21 Blades 9-24 cm by mm. at contracted, lax, by
2.5-7.5 axils branches the lowermost 1 2 the cm, glabrous, erecto-patent, or together,
longest 3-10 cm long, naked in the lower 0.18-0.46th, scaberulous. Pedicels 1—8.5
(-12) mm long, usually shorter than the spikelets. Spikelets laterally compressed, dis-
articulating from the base upward, rhachilla persistent, 4.5-18 by 1.5-2.5 mm. Glumes
sub- to unequal, acute, 1-nerved; lower glume 1.1-1.6mm long, 0.56-0.84 times as
first lemma; 1.3-1.85 1.35—1.85(-2.1) mm long as upper glume mm long. Lemmas
long, acuminate. Paleas soon deciduous, keels scaberulous. Anthers 3, 0.25-0.5
(-0.7) mm long, 0.16-0.2(-0.4) times as long as the lemma. Caryopsis subglobose to
ellipsoid, laterally slightly flattened, 0.4-0.5 mm long, pericarp finely reticulate, dark
tea-coloured. 2n = 40.
Distribution — Thailand (N: Chiang Mai; NE: Phetchabun; E: Chaiyaphum; Penins.:
Songkhla), Malesia: Peninsular Malaysia (Perlis, see note), Lesser Sunda Is. (Flores),
Philippines (Luzon, Mindanao,Negros, Palawan, SemeraraIs.). Note the disjunction.
Habitat — Weed, open grasslands, probably a drought plant in view ofits disjunct
distribution, at low altitude, 130-300 m in Flores.
Notes — It may be that this is what Gilliland (1971) described as E. pubescens
Steud. from Perlis. If there in his lemmas (R.Br.) so, are some errors description, e.g.
1.9-2.2mm long with anthers 2 mm long, and caryopsis 5 mm long. If this is read as
0.2 and 0.5 his is close match for the mm, respectively, description a present species.
There appear to be no vouchers in SING or SINU.
Easily confused with E. atrovirens (e.g. by Lazarides, 1997) and E. brownii (q.v.).
14. Eragrostis minor Host
Eragrostis minor Host (1809) 15. — Poa eragrostis L. (1753) 68. —[Eragrostis eragrostis (L.)
P. Beauv. (1812) 10, t. 14, f. 11, nom. inval.]. — Eragrostis poaeoides P. Beauv. ex Roem. &
Schult. (1817) 574, nom. superfl. —Eragrostis poaeformis Link (1827) 188,nom. superfl. —
Eragrostis megastachya (Koeler) Link subsp. poaeoides (Roem. & Schult.) Husn. (1898) 55.
—- Eragrostispilosa (L.) P. Beauv. var. minor (Host) Kuntze (1898) 353. —Eragrostis vulgaris
Coss. & Germ, subsp. minor (Host) Rouy (1913) 263, comb, incorr. — Eragrostis vulgaris
Coss. & Germ, subsp. poaeoides (Roem. & Schult.) R.C.V. Douin (1934) 32, comb, incorr. —
Lectotype: Back in Herb. Linn. 87.23 (holo LINN, microfiche IDC), designated by Clayton
et al. (1974).
Tufted annuals. Culms geniculate, not rooting in the nodes, branching intra-vaginally
atbase, 0.1-0.55m long. Sheaths glandular on the nerves, collar bearded on the edges.
Ligule a row of0.2-0.4 mm long hairs. Blades 1-8.5 cm by 0.5-4 mm, margins pus-
ticulate glandular. Panicles lax, 3-12 by 2.5-5 cm, axils glabrous to puberulous, branches smooth erecto-patentto reflexed, solitary, to scaberulous, glandular, the lower-
1-4.5 naked in the lower 0.2th Pedicels 0.75-4 much most cm long, c. part. mm long,
shorter than the spikelet, glandular. Spikelets laterally compressed, disarticulating from 180 BLUMEA Vol. 47, No. 1, 2002
the base upward, rhachilla persistent, 2.5-7.5 by 1.5-2 mm. Glumes unequal, acute,
1-nerved, nerve sometimes glandular; lower glume 0.8-1.25 mm long, 0.3-0.7 times
first 1.2-1.6 as long as the lemma; upper glumes mm long. Lemmas 1.5-1.85 mm
long, acute, midribsometimes glandular. Paleas persistent, keels scaberulous. Anthers
3, c. 0.25 mm long, c. 0.15 times as long as the lemma. Caryopsis ellipsoid, subterete to slightly laterally flattened, 0.5-0.65mm long, pericarp smooth to finely reticulate, dark tea-coloured. 2n = 40.
Distribution — Originally European (?), now cosmopolitan, Malesia: e.g. Java
(Jakarta, Surabaya, Pasuruan), Lesser Sunda Is. (Flores, Timor), Papua New Guinea
(Madang Prov.), no doubt elsewhere.
Habitat— Weed in waste places and fields at low altitude; locally common.
Vernacularname — Little love grass.
Uses — Grazed by stock; famine cereal.
Notes — Similar to E. cilianensis (see there and the key) and E. multicaulis:
- Glands present on the sheaths, blades, panicle branches, and pedicels. Collar of
sheaths pilose. Lower glume 0.8-1.25 mm long, 1-nerved. Paleas long-persistent
14. E. minor
- Glands absent. Collar of sheaths glabrous. Lower glume 0.3-0.7 mm long,
0-nerved. Paleas caducous 16. E. multicaulis
15. Eragrostis montana Balansa
Eragrostis montana Balansa (1890) 168. — Type: Godefroy• 487 (holoL; P).
Eragrostis malayana Stapf (1896) 317. — Lectotype: Wray 773 (holo K), designated here.
Tufted perennials. Culms erect to geniculate, with new tufts at the nodes, but not rooting, branching intra- and extra-vaginally at base, 0.2-0.4(-0.6) m long, eglandular.
Sheath collar pilose on the edges. Ligule a ciliolaterim. Blades 3.5-11.5 cm by 0.5-
1.25 mm. Panicles contracted to lax, 4-7.5 by 0.5-2.5 cm, axils glabrous to pilose, branches solitary, erect to erecto-patent, the lowermost 1.2-2.5 cm long, naked in the lower 0.2-0.35th, scaberulous. Pedicels 0.5-3.25 mm long, distinctly to slightly shorter than the spikelet. Spikelets slightly laterally compressed, disarticulating from the base upward, rhachilla persistent, 2.75-4.5 by 1.5-2.25 mm. Glumes unequal, acute, 1-nerved; lower glumes 0.5-1 mm long, 0.4-0.65 times as long as the first
0.75-1.35 lemma; upper glumes mm long. Lemmas 1.1-1.5 mm long, acutish. Paleas
ciliolate. persistent, keels Anthers 3, 0.2-0.35 mm long, 0.13-0.23 times as long as the lemma. Caryopsis ellipsoid, slightly laterally compressed, 0.55-0.6 mm long, pericarp smooth, dark tea-coloured. 2n = ?
Distribution — Andaman & Nicobars, Burma to S Vietnam, Malesia: Peninsular
Malaysia (Kedah, Malacca, Pahang, Penang, Selangor), Singapore, Sumatra(Lampung:
Martapura), Bangka, Borneo(Sarawak: Kuching, Lundu, Upper Rejang River; Sabah:
Tenom; Kalimantan: Banjarmasin).
Habitat— Sunny, stony soil, often water-logged, in open forest, along roads, ditches,
0-800 altitude. with unioloides banks, m Apparently growing together E. (Retz.)
Nees ex Steud.
Note — Similar to E. unioloides, see there. J. F. Veldkamp: Revision of Eragrostis in Malesia 181
16. Eragrostis multicaulis Steud.
Eragrostis multicaulis Steud. (Nov. 1854) 426. — Glyceria airoides Steud. (April 1854) 287, non
Rchb. (1829). —Eragrostis pilosa (L.) P. Beauv. forma multicaulis (Steud.) I.C. Chung (1955)
210. — Eragrostis pilosa (L.) P. Beauv. subsp. multicaulis (Steud.) Tzvelev (1967) 45. —
Lectotype: Burger s.n. (holo L, sh. 908.97-2116, specimen super.), designated here.
Eragrostis pilosa auct. non P. Beauv.
Tufted annuals. Culms erect to geniculate, not rooting at the nodes, branching intra-
vaginally at base, 0.1-0.3 m long, eglandular. Sheath collar glabrous or with a few
hairs. Ligule a row of 0.25 mm long hairs. Blades 3-9 cm by 0.5-2.5 mm. Panicles
contracted to somewhat lax, 4.5-9 by 1.5-3 cm, axils glabrous, lowermost branches
smooth solitary, fascicled, or (sub)verticillate, 1-4 together, erecto-patent to patent,
to slightly scaberulous, the lowermost longest 1.4-5.2 cm long, naked in the lower
0-0.33th. Pedicels 1-3 mm long, distinctly shorter than the spikelet. Spikelets laterally
compressed, disarticulating from the base upward, rhachilla persistent, 3.75-4.75by
1.25-1.75 mm. Glumes unequal, acute; lower glumes 0.3-0.7 mm long, 0.17-0.45
times as long as the first lemma, 0-nerved; upperglumes 0.8-1.25 mm long, 1-nerved.
1.5-1.85 acuminate.Paleas keels Lemmas mm long, slightly shortly persistent, sparsely
scaberulous. Anthers 3, 0.2-0.25 mm long, 0.11-0.16 times as long as the lemma.
Caryopsis oblong, laterally flattened,0.5-0.7 mm long, pericarp smooth, tea-coloured.
2n = 40.
Distribution— Pan(sub)tropical, possibly originally from E Asia, but Koch (1974)
be native of introduced in said it might a America, elsewhere, Malesia: Peninsular
Malaysia (Pahang, Perak), Bangka, Java (Bogor, Priangan, Pasuruan), Borneo(Sabah:
Tawau), Lesser Sunda Is. (Flores), Philippines (Luzon: MountainProvince).
Habitat — Weed of waste places, old fields, along roads, dikes, old walls, 225-
1150 m altitude.
— flowers Notes The appear to be cleistogamous, i.e. the anthers are enclosed
with a developed fruit, and only late ejected.
Similar to E. cilianensis, see there. The distinction against E. pilosa varies among authors between 'good' species and mere forms. In Malesia the two seem separable
(see the key).
17. Eragrostis nigra Nees ex Steud.
Eragrostis nigra Nees ex Steud. [(1840) 563, nomen]; (1854) 267. — Lectotype: Wight Herb.
1782 (holo LE {Herb. Trinius 2370.2, microfiche IDC BT-16/1); CGE, K, NY, U) (see note),
designatedhere.
Eragrostis abyssinica auct. non Link.
Coarsely tufted annuals. Culms erect, branching lntra-vaginally at base, 0.35-0.65
(-1) m long, eglandular. Sheath collarpilose. Ligule a row of 0.25-0.5mm long hairs.
Blades 1.5-35 cm by 1.5-4.5 mm. Panicles lax, 17.5-30by 8-12 cm, axils glabrous
to pilose, branches erecto-patent to reflexed, solitary, smooth, the lowermost4.5-6.5
cm long, naked in the lower 0.1-0.15th. Pedicels 2.25-7.5 mm long, usually longer
than the spikelets. Spikelets laterally compressed, disarticulating from thebase upward, rhachilla persistent, 3.75-5.75 by 1.5-2 mm, lead coloured (i.s.). Glumes unequal, acuminate, 1-nerved; lower glume 1.35-2.1 mm long, 0.63-0.9 times as long as first 182 BLUMEA Vol. 47, No. 1, 2002
lemma; upper glume 1.75-2.15mm long. Lemmas 2-2.5 mm long, acuminate.Paleas
persistent, keels smooth to finely scaberulous. Anthers 3, 0.6-0.7 mm long, 0.3-0.4
times as long as the lemma. Caryopsis ellipsoid, laterally flattened, grooved on the
= 60. hilar side, 0.6-0.85 mm long, pericarp finely reticulate, dark tea-coloured. 2n
Distribution— Sri Lanka, Indiato N, C, and S China; introduced 'long ago' (Backer
(1927), but oldest collectionsare by Rant (L) and Ridley (K) both from Java in 1915):
Java (Depok, Papandayan, Puncak, Cibodas, Gedeh, Cinyiruan, Burangrang, Tang- kubangperahu, Tengger, Semeru, Pasuruan), Lesser Sunda Is. (Bali).
Habitat— In tea and Cinchona plantations, roads, forest margins, (90-) 1400-2300
m altitude.
— but Uses Readily eaten by cattle, with a high nitrogen content, yield low.
Notes — According to most authors this would be a perennial, but except for its
thick roots I see no evidence of this and think that it is a coarse, possibly long-living, annual.
The type was indicatedby Steudel as "Nees ex Trin. mpt.", "Penins. Ind. Or." In
the Trinius Herb, is a Wight collectionmarked "Pen. Ind. Or. (114)" by Nees, a duplicate
of Herb. 1782, labelled is in NY. In CGE, K, and U there are sheets Wight propr.
' ‘Eragrostis nigra NE by Nees, which may be duplicates of this.
this The references in Malesianliterature to E. tef'(as E. abyssinica) I may pertain to
species (e.g. by Backer (1922), imperceptibly corrected in 1927). For differences see
the key.
18. Eragrostis pectinacea (Michx.) Nees
Eragrostis pectinacea (Michx.) Nees (1841a) 406 ("ad Er. pectinaceam spectans?" seems on the
if border of validity! Name not in Index p. 485); Michx. ex Steud. (1854) 272, isonym Nees'
combination is accepted. — Poa pectinacea Michx. (1803) 69. —Type: Michaux s. n. (holo P;
US, fragm.).
For full and extensive Koch a synonymy discussion, see (1974: 30).
var. pectinacea
Description based on Santos 6420.
Tuftedannuals. Culms geniculate, with new shoots at the nodes, not rooting, branching
intra-vaginally at base, 0.35-0.4 m long. Sheaths, blades, panicle branches, pedicels
eglandular. Sheath collar pilose. Ligule a ciliolate rim. Blades 3.75-7 cm by 0.8-1
mm. Panicle lax, 13-16by 6-7 cm, at least the lower axils bearded, branches erecto-
6-6.5 naked in the lower patent to patent; lowermost branches solitary, cm long,
0.33-0.5th part; very minutely scaberulous. Pedicels 2.5-5 mm long, shorter than
the spikelets. Spikelets laterally compressed, lemmas deciduousfrom the base upward,
1.2-1.5 Glumes lower 0.9-1.1 rhachilla persistent, 3.7-12 by mm. unequal; glume
0.56-0.7 times first 1.2- mm long, as long as lemma, acute, 1-nerved; upper glume
1.3 mm long, acute, 1-nerved. First lemma 1.2-1.6 mm long, acute. Paleaspersistent, keels scaberulous. Anthers 3, c. 0.2 mm long, c. 0.12 times as long as the lemma.
Caryopsis ellipsoid, laterally somewhat flattened, dorsally not grooved, 0.8-0.9 mm
long. Pericarp smooth, dark tea-coloured. 2n = 60.
Distribution— introduced elsewhere, in the USA to Argentina, e.g. Philippines
(Luzon, c. 1956). J. F. Veldkamp: Revision of Eragrostis in Malesia 183
— altitude Habitat Weed in improved pasture, sandy, gravely, loamy soils, not
recorded.
Vernacularnames — Carolina or Tufted love grass.
Notes — The identificationofSantos 6420 (L, NY, US) is with some hesitation, as
the collections are over-mature, yet with few well-developed caryopses.
The species may be confused with E. pilosa:
- Ligule a ciliolaterim. Lowermost panicle branches solitary. Pedicels shorter than
thespikelets. Lowerglume 0.9-1.1 mm long, 0.56-0.7 times as long as first lemma,
1-nerved. Paleas long-persistent 18. E. pectinacea
- Ligule a row of hairs. Lowermost panicle branches whorled. Pedicels as long as
to longer than the spikelets. Lower glume 0.35-0.75 mm long, 0.27-0.38 times
as long as first lemma, 0-nerved. Paleas caducous 19. E. pilosa
19. Eragrostis pilosa (L.) P. Beauv.
Eragrostispilosa (L.) P. Beauv. (1812)71, 162, 175; S.D. Koch (1974)22, t. 7, pi. ii. —Poa pilosa
L. (1753) 68. — Lectotype: Scheuchzer, Agrostographia (1719) t. iv, f. 3, designatedby Koch
(1974: 24) and Du Puy et al. (1993). — Epitype: Kneucker 344 (holo B; L), designated by
Scholz (2000).
Poa verticillata Cav. (1791) 63, t. 93. — Eragrostis verticillata (Cav.) P. Beauv. (1812) 162, 176
(‘? Willd.’).— Eragrostis pilosa (L.) P. Beauv. var. verticillata (Cav.) Rchb. (1850) 52, t. 425.
—Eragrostis pilosa (L.) P. Beauv. var. glabra Ducommun (1869) 872, nom. superfl. — Lecto-
type: Herb. Cavanilles (holo MA 9484-1), designatedhere (see also Garilleti, 1993).
— Poa delicatior Steud. (1854) 256. — ['Eragrostis ' Moritzi (1846) 100], Type: Zollinger 1599
(holo P).
Poa indica J. Konig ex Rottler (1803) 194. — Eragrostis indica (Rottler) Willd. ex Steud. (1854)
264. — Eragrostis verticillata (Cav.) P. Beauv. var. indica (Rottler) Wight & Am. ex Nees
(1838) 253.—Type: Rottler s.n. in Herb. Willdenow 1960/1 (nolo B, IDC microfiche 7440; K;
LE, Klein in Herb. Trinius 2637.3, microfiche IDC BT-16/1).
Tufted annuals. Culms erect to geniculate, not rooting at the nodes, branching intra-
vaginally at base, (0.05-)0.25-0.5 m long, glandular or not (check under the nodes,
midrib ofsheath, blade, apex peduncle, base main axis and/orbranches ofthe panicle).
Sheath collar bearded on the edges. Ligule a row of c. 0.25 mm long hairs. Blades
3.5-18 cm by 0.35-3 mm. Panicles lax, 6-28 by 3.5-14cm, at least the lower axils
bearded, lowermostbranches usually whorled, 3-10 together, the uppersolitary, erecto-
patent to patent, smooth to scaberulous, the lowermost longest 2.5-8.5 cm long, naked
in the lower0.16-0.46th. Pedicels 1-8 mm long, longer than to subequal to the spikelet.
Spikelets laterally compressed, disarticulating from the base upward, rhachilla persist-
2.75-5.5 0.65-1.25 ent, by mm. Glumes unequal, acute; lower glumes 0.35-0.75
0.27-0.38 times the first lemma, 0-nerved; mm long, as long as upper glumes 0.75-
1.2 acuminate. mm long, 1-nerved. Lemmas 1.2-1.75 mm long, somewhat Paleas
shortly persistent, keels sparsely scaberulous. Anthers 3, 0.15-0.2 mm long, 0.1-
0.12 times as long as the lemma. Caryopsis ellipsoid, laterally flattened, 0.5-1 mm
long, pericarp smooth, dark tea-coloured. 2n = 20,40, 60.
Distribution — Temperate to tropical areas in the Old World, introduced in the
New; Malesia: Peninsular Malaysia (Johor, Pahang, Penang, Selangor), Singapore,
Sumatra (E Coast), Bangka, Java, Christmas Is., Borneo (Sarawak, Sabah, Banjar- 184 BLUMEA Vol. 47, No. I, 2002
masin), Philippines (Luzon, Mindanao,Negros), Celebes (Menado), Lesser Sunda Is.
(Flores, Timor), Papua New Guinea (Madang, Morobe, Northern, Central, New Britain,
New Ireland Prov.), probably much more widely spread.
Habitat— Weed in waste places, near the shore, along roads, railroads, drought
resistant, locally abundant,0-2000 m altitude.
Uses — Said to be good cattle fodderand suitable for hay, but of littleyield; famine
cereal.
Vernacularnames — Hairy or India love grass.
Notes — Florets often cleistogamous: anthers on top ofthe fruit, later pushed out
by it.
In Malesia forms be the two appear to present, one eglandular, other (more common)
variously glandular, e.g. under the nodes, midrib of sheath, blade, apex peduncle,
base main axis and/orbranches ofthe panicle. Thereappear to be no other differences.
Very close to E. multicaulis which has sometimes been united as a mere growth
form of no status; see key for the differences.
Also similar to E. pectinacea (see there).
The cereal E. tefis thought to be derived from this (see there).
20. Eragrostis riparia (Willd.) P. Beauv.
Eragrostis riparia (Willd.) P. Beauv. (1812) 71,162,175;Nees (1829) 512, isonym. —Poa ciliaris
— Rottler (1803) 185, non L. (1759). Poa riparia Willd. (1803) 185. — Megastachya riparia
(Willd.) & Schult. (1817) 593. — Schult. Roem. Eragrostis tenella (L.) Roem. & var. riparia
(Willd.) Stapf (1896) 315. — Eragrostis amabilis Nees var. riparia (Willd.) A. Camus (1923)
557. — Type: Rottler s. n. in Herb. Willdenow 1940/2 (holo B, IDC microfiche 7440; K).
Eragrostis amboinica auct. non Steud.
Eragrostis mangalorica auct. non Steud
Eragrostis viscosa auct. non Trin.
Description based on Philippine material.
Tuftedperennials. Culms erect to geniculate, rarely with roots and new shoots at the
nodes, sometimes branched at the higher nodes, branching intra- and extra-vaginally
at base, 0.1-0.3 m long. Glands present on the peduncle and main axis. Sheath collar
glabrous or pilose. Ligule a ciliolate rim. Blades erecto-patent to strongly reflexed,
involute to c. flat, 1.5-7 cm by 0.8-3.2 mm wide. Panicle contracted to interrupted,
then lobed at base, 1.3-3.5 by 0.35-1.2 cm, the lower axils glabrous or bearded, branches appressed or erecto-patent, smooth, lowermostone solitary,0.6-0.9 cm long,
naked in the lower 0.15-0.2th part. Pedicels 0.1-1 mm long, much shorter than the
spikelets. Spikelets laterally compressed, disarticulating from above downward, rha-
chilla florets 1.8-2.3 0.6-1.1 Glumes fragile, fragmenting, by mm. subequal, acute,
lower 0.7-0.8 0.67-0.72 times 1-nerved; glume mm long, as long as first lemma;
0.8-1 First lemma0.9-1 upper glume mm long. mm long, acute to truncate, sometimes
apiculate, nerves close to margin, midrib glabrous. Paleas caducous, keels setose
0.2 Anthers (setae c. mm long). 3, 0.2-0.3 mm long, 0.2-0.3 times as long as the
lemma. Caryopsis ellipsoid, terete, dorsally not grooved, c. 0.5 mm long; pericarp
smooth, dark tea-coloured.
Distribution — Sri Lanka, S India, Malesia; Philippines (Luzon). J. F. Veldkamp: Revision of Eragrostis in Malesia 185
Notes — It has been argued that the correct name for this species would be E. am-
boinica (L.) Trin. ex Steud., but the basionym (Poa amboinicaL.) is a nomen dubium
(Veldkamp, 1992).
sometimes Spikelets smutted by Bipolaris spec.
mentioned "This Jansen (1953) casually that perennial species is rather rare in
Malaysia (i.e. Malesia, JFV). Besides some specimens from the Philippines I saw
some from British New Guinea, Fitzgerald 2a." In his manuscript he had added 'Medan'
to the latterandthis makes clearthat this did not come from New Guinea, for Fitzgerald
collected on a Medan Stock Farm in W Australia. (Mr. P. Jobson, NSW, in litt.). Its
present identity could not be ascertained.
SomePhilippine specimens in NY were labelled E. riparia by Jansen:
- BS 7452 (Ramos)-. Luzon, Cagaya(n) Prov., March 1909;
- BS 15784 (Clemens): Luzon, Ilicos Sur Prov., May-June 1925;
— Merrill 371: Luzon, Manila, August 1902. Prostrate in dry soil, culms viscid (which
probably caused Merrill to identify it with E. viscosa in 1906: 383; in 1923: 90 he
includedit under E. mangalorica).
The collectionsBS 7452 (Ramos) and BS 15784(Clemens) differslightly from Merrill
371, whereby it may be noted that the pubescence of leaf throat and inflorescence
axils are often used as of specific value in keys of Eragrostis:
- Collar of sheaths glabrous. Blades 1.5-3.5 cm long. Panicles with at least the
loweraxils glabrous, branches appressed. First lemma truncate, obtuse, or apiculate
BS7452 (Ramos), BS 15784(Clemens)
- Collar of sheaths pilose. Blades 4-7 cm long. Panicles with at least the lower
axils bearded, branches erecto-patent. First lemma acute Merrill 371
Whetherthe Philippine specimens actually belong to E. riparia is not clear to me, but
it the best seems match. Otherwise E. riparia occurs in Sri Lankaand S India.Reports
for other based in areas are misidentifications, e.g. that by Jansen for New Guinea
mentioned above, and by Bor (1940) for Assam refer to E. amabilis (see also Bor,
1960, and Shukla, 1996), for differences see there.
In Sri Lanka two forms the first be the occur, seems to typical one:
- Glands absent below and in the inflorescence. Upper glume 1.3-1.4 mm long.
First lemma 1.2-1.4 mm long E. riparia 1
- Glands present on the inflorescencebranches and pedicels. Upper glume 0.6-0.9
mm long. First lemma 0.7-1 mm long E. riparia 2
The Philippine specimens agree best with the latter, except that they have the glands
the inflorescence. on peduncle and main axis of the This presence is curious, as in the
obviously related E. amabilis the glands, when present, are on the branches and pedicels
as in E. riparia 1.
It is remarkable that this species occurred in various places in Luzon between 1902 and 1925, even in Manila, and has not been collected since, although its condensed
inflorescence would immediately be noticed by experienced agrostologists such as
Merrill and J. V. Santos. 186 BLUMEA Vol. 47, No. 1, 2002
21. Eragrostis tef (Zuccagni) Trotter
Eragrostis tef(Zuccagni) Trotter (1918) 62. — Poa tef Zuccagni (1774). — Eragrostis pilosa (L.)
P. Beauv. var. tef(Zuccagni) Fiori (1923) 123. — Type: Bruce s.n. (holo FI).
Poa abyssinica Jacq. (1781) 364. — Poa cerealis Salisb. (1796) 20, nom. superfl. — Cynodon
abyssinicus (Jacq.) Raspail (1825) 302. — Eragrostis abyssinica (Jacq.) Link (1827) 192,
‘abessinica’; Schrad. (1838), orthogr. corr. —Eragrostis pilosa (L.) P. Beauv. subsp. abyssinica
(Jacq.) Asch. & Graebn. (1900) 374. — Type: Not indicated (holo presumably in W).
Eragrostis tenellula auct. non Steud.
Annuals. Culms few together, erect, not rooting in the lower nodes, branching intra-
vaginally at base, 0.2-0.9 m long, eglandular. Sheath collar glabrous or bearded on
of the edges. Ligule a row c. 0.25 mm long hairs. Blades 9-30 cm by 1.25-4 mm.
Panicles contracted to effuse, 10-40 by 2.5-20 cm, at least the lower axils bearded,
lowermost branches usually whorled, 3-10 together, the upper becoming solitary,
loosely appressed to reflexed, scaberulous, the lowermostlongest 9-20 cm long, naked
in the lower 0.4-0.5th. Pedicels 8-20 mm long, longer than the spikelet. Spikelets
laterally compressed, tardily disarticulating from the base upward, rhachillapersistent,
4.5-9by 1.25-2 mm. Glumes unequal, acute, 1-nerved; lower glumes 1.2-2.75 mm
long, 0.55-0.8 times as long as the first lemma; upper glumes 1.7-3.3mm long. Lem-
mas 2-3.7 mm long, acuminate. Paleas persistent, keels scaberulous. Anthers 3,0.35-
0.6 mm long, 0.1-0.14 times as long as the lemma. Caryopsis tardily deciduous, el-
lipsoid, laterally flattened, dorsally not grooved, 1-1.5 mm long, pericarp smooth,
dark tea-coloured. 2n = 40.
Distribution— Originally from tropical Africa (Ethiopia), cultivated and escaping elsewhere; Malesia, e.g. Java.
Habitat — Fields and weedy places, 750-2500 m altitude.
Uses — Staple cereal in Ethiopia; cultivated as a fodder grass elsewhere (see Jansen, 1996).
— Vernacular names Abyssinian love grass, Teff.
Notes — Flowers often cleistogamous.
A synonym, E. abyssinica, has been misused for E. nigra. Possibly the references
to the more recent occurrences to E. tefactually refer to that. I have seen only a single
collectionof E. tefmade by Reinwardt in 1818 (L), the basis for E. tenellula auct. non
Steud.
Thought to have been derived from E. pilosa, differing as follows:
- Culms tufted, geniculate, with new shoots at the nodes, not rooting. Lowermost
branch 2.5-8.5 longest panicle cm long. Spikelets easily breaking up. Lower glume
0.35-0.75 0.27-0.38 times first mm long, as long as lemma, 0-nerved; upper
glume 0.75-1.2 mm long. First lemma1.2-1.75 mm long. Paleas caducous. Anthers
0.15-0.2 mm long. Caryopsis not swollen, easily caducous from between the
lemma and palea 19. E. pilosa
- Culms tufted and with few culms. erect, or solitary or a erect Lowermost longest
branch 9-20 panicle cm long. Spikelets tardily breaking up. Lower glume
1.2-2.75 mm long, 0.55-0.8 times as long as first lemma, 1-nerved; upper glume
1.7-3.3 mm long. First lemma 2-3.7 mm long. Paleas long-persistent. Anthers
0.35-0.6 between the mm long. Caryopsis swollen, persistent lemma and palea
21. E. tef J.F. Veldkamp: Revision of Eragrostis in Malesia 187
22. Eragrostis tenuifolia (A. Rich.) Steud
Eragrostis tenuifolia (A. Rich.) Steud. (1854) 268. — Poa tenuifolia A. Rich. (1851) 425. —
Lectotype: Schimper■ 92 (holo P; K, L, WAG), designated by Phillips (1995).
Tufted (long-living) annuals. Culms erect or geniculate, then with shoots and roots at
Sheath the lower nodes, branching intra-vaginally at base, 0.5-0.8m long, eglandular.
collar pilose. Ligule a row of c. 0.25 mm long hairs. Blades 6-22 cm by 0.5-2 mm.
Panicles lax, 10.5-20 by 4.5-9cm, axils pilose, branches erecto-patent, solitary, stiff,
in 0.25-0.3th. Pedicels scaberulous, the lowermost 5-8 cm long, naked the lower
3.5-12 mm long, longer than the spikelets. Spikelets laterally compressed, disarticu-
lating from the base upward, rhachilla persistent, 6.5-12 by 2.25-2.75 mm. Glumes
unequal, acute, O-nerved; lower glume 0.5-0.75 mm long, 0.2-0.3 times as long as
first lemma; upperglume 0.75-1.25 mm long. Lemmas 2.2-2.5 mm long, acuminate.
Paleas persistent, keels scaberulous. Anthers 3,0.4-0.6 mm long, 0.19-0.27times as
long as the lemma. Caryopsis ellipsoid, strongly laterally flattened, dorsally grooved,
1-1.25 mm long, pericarp smooth, dark tea-coloured. 2n = 40.
Distribution— Tropical Africa, Madagascar, Sri Lanka, Indiato Vietnam, introduced
elsewhere, e.g. Australia, S America, Malesia: Sumatra (Padang, July 1999), Borneo
(Sabah: Tenom, March 2001), Philippines (Mindanao; see Veldkamp, 1999), New
Guinea New Guinea: all firstcollection (Irian Jaya: Anggi, Jayawijaya; Papua now over,
apparently Brass 32250 (L) in 1959, Eastern Highlands).
Habitat — Weed of roadsides, disturbed places, abandoned gardens, etc., (600-)
730-2700 m altitude.
Uses — Eaten by cattle, but resistant to efficient mowing and difficult to pull up by
often hand, a noxious weed along roadsides, etc.
Vernacular name — Elastic grass.
Notes — Flowers cleistogamous, anthers ejected by or glued to the ripening fruit.
smutted Spikelets occasionally by Bipolaris spec. Easily recognisable by the tufts of hairs in the axils of the panicle branches, the
fairly large, dark, jagged spikelets with a relatively short lower glume, and the very
flat, dorsally grooved caryopses.
Most similar to E. pilosa:
- Culms tufted, geniculate, with new shoots at the nodes, not rooting. Lowermost
whorled. 2.75-5.5 0.65-1.25 panicle branches Spikelets by mm. Upper glume
1-nerved. First lemma 1.2-1.75 mm long. Paleas caducous. Anthers 0.15-0.2
mm long, 0.1-0.12 times as long as the lemma. Caryopsis laterally somewhat
flattened, dorsally not grooved, 0.5-1 mm long 19. E. pilosa
- Culms tufted, erect. Lowermost panicle branches solitary. Spikelets 6.5-12 by
2.25-2.75 0-nerved.First lemma2.2-2.5 Paleas mm. Upper glume mm long. long-
persistent. Anthers 0.4-0.6 mm long, 0.19-0.27times as long as the lemma.Cary-
opsis laterally very flat, dorsally grooved, 1.15-1.25 mm long 22. E. tenuifolia
23. unioloides Nees Steud. Eragrostis (Retz.) ex
Eragrostis unioloides (Retz.) Nees ex Steud. (1854) 264. — Poa unioloides Retz. (1788, '1789')
19. — Uniola indica Spreng. (1824) 349, nom. superfl. — Konig s.n. in Herb. Retzius (holo
LD, photo & fragm. in BRI, fragm. in K, neg. 6893). 188 BLUMEA Vol. 47, No. 1, 2002
rubens Lam. 184. — rubens Hochst. in Hohen. 133 Poa (1791) Eragrostis (Lam.) (1847) Metz , pro
comb, (label of exsicc. series!; effective under Art. 30.4, 31.1); ((1849)495, nomen).—Type:
Sonnerat (?) s.n. in Herb. Lamarck (holo P, microfiche IDC 6207, fiche 710/8).
Eragrostis amabilis (L.) Nees var. contracta Buse (1854a) 9; (1854b) 349. — Eragrostis rubens
Hochst. var. contracta Miq. (1857) 391. -— Lectotype: Junghuhn s.n. (holo L, no. 904.84-17),
designatedhere.
Eragrostis amabilis (L.) Nees var. effusa Buse (1854a)8; (1854b) 348. —Eragrostis rubens Hochst.
comb. — var. effusa Miq. (1857) 391, pro Lectotype: Junghuhn s.n. (holo L, no. 904.84-35),
designatedhere.
Eragrostis amabilis (L.) Nees var.prostrata Buse (1854a)9; (1854b) 349. —Lectotype: Zollinger
232 (holoL; K, P), designated here.
Eragrostis amabilis (L.) Nees var. scabriuscula Buse (1854a) 9; (1854b) 349. —Eragrostis rubens
Hochst. var. scabriuscula Miq. (1857) 391. — Lectotype: Junghuhn s.n. (holo L, no. 904.84-
32), designated here.
Eragrostis euchroa Steud. (April 1854) 267. —Lectotype: Cuming 2420 (holoP; K, L), designated
here.
Eragrostis rubens (Lam.) Hochst. forma linearis Boerl. (1890) 74. —Type: Not indicated, 'Buiten-
December' zorg, (holo BO?, n.v.).
Eragrostis amabilis auct. non Nees
Poa amabilis auct. non L.
Tufted Culms in the decumbentnodes perennials. geniculate, rooting sending up new
tufts, branching intra-vaginally at base, 0.1—0.6(—0.8) m long, eglandular. Sheath collar
pilose on the edges. Ligule a ciliolate rim. Blades (2—)3—12(—20) cm by 2-8 mm.
Panicles very variable, usually lax, sometimes contracted and interrupted, 5-17 by
2-6.5 axils cm, glabrous, branches solitary, erecto-patent to patent, stiff, smooth to
the lowermost 1.5-6.5 scaberulous, cm long, naked in the lower 0.05-0.14th. Pedicels
0.5-6 mm long, much shorter to longer than the spikelet. Spikelets strongly laterally
compressed, disarticulating from the base upward, rhachilla persistent, 2-7.75(-16)
by 1.25-4 mm. Glumes unequal, acute, 1-nerved; lower glumes 0.75-1.3 mm long,
0.45-0.72times as long as the first lemma; upper glumes 1.25-1.65mm long. Lemmas
1.25-1.7 mm long (see note), acutish, strongly 3-nerved, granular, oftenpinkish. Palea
keels ciliolate.Anthers soon caducous, 2, ellipsoid, 0.3-0.45 mm long, 0.2-0.3 times
the lemma. 0.6-1 as long as Caryopsis ellipsoid, laterally compressed, mm long,
pericarp smooth, dark tea-coloured. 2n = 18, 20.
Distribution— Originally probably from SE Asia, now pantropical, widely spread
especially in W Malesia to the Philippines (Busuanga Is., Luzon, Mindanao,Mindoro,
Negros), not known from Madura, Kangean Is., Moluccas (Amboina only, already
foundby Dumont d'Urville in 1823, P); apparently introduced in New Guinea in the
1950s (Irian Jaya: Biak, Tanah Merah; Papua New Guinea:W Sepik: Aitape; Manus;
N Solomons Prov.: Jaba River).
Habitat — Moderately shaded to moist places, roadsides, fields, sawahs, locally abundant, 0-1250 m altitude. Said to be an indicator of impoverished or degraded
soil (Schmid, 1958; Hacker et al., 1998).
Uses — Used as a forage, but not of great importance, not withstanding heavy
grazing.
Vernacular name — Chinese love grass.
Notes — Best recognised by the flat, rather broad, often pinkish spikelets and the
granular lemmas. J. F. Veldkamp: Revision of Eragrostis in Malesia 189
in the and of the and but A very varikble species shape structure panicle spikelets, varieties as distinguished by Buse, followed by Miquel, cannot be upheld.
Sometimessome lemmas are much enlarged due to an infection by a gall fly (Monod de Froideville on Meijer 5987, L).
Most similar to E. montana:
- Culms branching intra- and extra-vaginally at base. Blades 0.5-1.25 mm wide.
Lowermost longest panicle branch naked in the lower 0.2-0.35th part. Spikelets
laterally compressed. Lemmas somewhat swollen, not granular. Paleas long-
persistent. Anthers 3 15. E. montana
- Culms branching intra-vaginally atbase. Blades 2-8 mm wide. Lowermost longest
in the lower 0.05-0.14th panicle branch naked part. Spikelets strongly laterally
compressed. Lemmas flat, granular. Paleas caducous. Anthers 2
23. E. unioloides
24. Eragrostis warburgii Hack.
Eragrostis warburgii Hack. (1890) 262. — Lectotype: Warburg 17049 (holo W; L, fragm.), de-
signated here.
Eragrostis timorensis Henrard (1922) 240. —Type: R. Brown s.n. (holo L, sh. 908.89-578; BM).
Tufted perennials (or long-living annuals?). Culms erect, not rooting in the lower nodes, branching intra-and extra-vaginally at base, 0.4-0.5 m long, eglandular. Sheath collar glabrous or sometimes with a few hairs. Ligule a ciliolaterim. Blades 5.5-13.5 cm by 1.2-2.5 mm. Panicles contracted to lax, 7-25.5 by 0.5-5 cm, axils glabrous to pilose, branches solitary, erect to erecto-patent, subsmoothto scaberulous, the lower- most 35-50 mm long. Pedicels 1.25-5 mm long, distinctly longer than the spikelet.
Spikelets laterally compressed, disarticulating from above downward, floret falling
2.15-3.5 1.1-1.75 Glumes as a whole, rhachilla fragile, by mm. subequal, acute,
first 1-nerved; lower glumes 0.65-1.25 mm long, 0.7-0.83 times as long as the lemma;
1-1.25 1-1.35 subtruncate, to upper glumes mm long. Lemmas mm long, muticous shortly mucronate. Palea caducous, keels setose (setae 0.2-0.4 mm long). Anthers 2
0.2-0.3 0.16-0.24 times the lemma. or 3, mm long, as long as Caryopsis ellipsoid, terete, 0.45-0.75 mm long, pericarp smooth, orangish to dark tea-coloured. 2n = ?
Distribution— Malesia: Kangean, Celebes (Muna, Tukan Besi Is.), Lesser Sunda
Is. (Timor), Moluccas (Kai Dular Is.).
Habitat— On coral sand, loam, waysides, 0-200 m altitude.
Note — Very similar to E. amabilis (see key) and especially its var. insularis (see under E. amabilis).
NOMINA DUBIA VEL MALESIA EXCLUDENDA
1. Eragrostis amboinica (L.) Trin. ex Steud. (1840) 652. — Poa amboinica L. (1771)
557.
Note — Nomen dubium, as the basionym ( Poa amboinica L.) is a nomen dubium, see note under E. riparia, above. 190 BLUMEA Vol. 47, No. 1, 2002
2. Eragrostis carolinensis Jedwabn. (1924) 198. —Type: Volkens 430 (holo B, lost),
Yap, Mission Sta. Cruz, Machabal.
- ?
— mention this Unknown Note Jansen (msc.) does not name. to Fosberg (in litt.).
number mentioned Volkens Said have 4 lemmas Type not by (1901). to c. mm long
known in with 2 found (longer than any Malesia) c. mm long paleas. Not under
Eragrostis in A, B, BISH, BRI, K, L, M, MO, NSW, P, U, US. Perhaps a species of
Leptochloa P. Beauv., but not noticed by Snow (in litt.)
3. Eragrostis ciliaris (L.) R.Br. (1818) 478; Link (1827) 192; Nees (1829) 512, iso-
nyms. — Poa ciliarisL. (1759) 875. — Megastachya ciliaris P. Beauv. (1812) 74,
— 167, 174. —Eragrostis villosaTrin. (1820) 137, nom. superfl. Cynodon ciliaris
— Raspail (1825) 302. Erosion ciliareLunell (1915) 221. — Lectotype: P. Browne
in Herb. Linn. 87.66 (holo LINN, microfiche IDC; Herb. Ehrhart 579, MW),
designated by Hitchcock (1908).
Note — The single record from Java of 'Gophertail love grass' is a collection by
Molhuysen (4/1903, Besuki), whose herbarium(WAG) contains several other exotics
never found in Java again (Van Steenis-Kruseman, 1950).
4. Eragrostis eriopoda Benth. (1878) 648. — Lectotype: Walcot s.n. (holo K), des-
ignated by Lazarides (1997: 116).
Note — Erroneously (Simon in litt.) mentionedfor New Guinea by Simon (1978).
5. Eragrostis hasskarlii Steud. (1854) 265, ‘hasskarli’. — Poa ciliata Hassk. (1844)
18. — Type: (holo BO?; extant?).
—? Eragrostis spec.
Notes — Jansen (msc.) thought it might perhaps be E. ciliata (Roxb.) Nees, but a
"panicula patentissima ramis gracilibus" is absent in that species, which, moreover,
has otherwise never been foundin Malesia. The "valvulis longiter et retrorsum patenti-
ciliata" suggests E. amabilis or E. japonica.
Where Steudel obtained the information that it would have come from 'Batavia' is
not clear and perhaps erroneous.
Dr. E.A. Widjaja (in litt.) did not find a specimen in BO.
6. Eragrostis maypurensis (Kunth) Steud. (1854) 216. — Poa maypurensis Kunth
(1816) 161. — Megastachya maypurensis Roem. & Schult. (1817) 588. — Type:
Humboldt & Bonpland s.n. (holo P, but not found in microfiche IDC 6209; B?).
Note — Reported as introduced in Java (Jedwabnick, 1924: 199) ( Warburg 2599),
which I have not seen. This S American species was never found in Malesia again.
7. Eragrostis parviflora (R. Br.) Trin.(1830) 411. — Poa parviflora R. Br. (1810) 180.
— Poa micranthaSpreng. (late 1824) 344, non Schult. (Jan./April 1824). —Type:
R. Brown 6275 (holo BM, fragm. in BRI; E, K, photo & fragm. in BRI).
Note — Erroneously (Simon in litt.) mentionedfor New Guinea by Simon (1978).
8. Eragrostis pilosissima Link (1827) 189. — Type: Cultivatedin B (holo extant?).
Eragrostis millettiiNees (1838) 252. — Syntypes: Milletts.n. (OXF?, not found, J. F. Veldkamp: Revision of Eragrostis in Malesia 191
in collectionwithout Ms. Marner, in litt.), Vachell.154 (not in CGE, OXF; K a number).
— record of this Note Mentioned for Malesia by Walker (1976), but no Taiwan,
Vietnam, S Chinese species was seen.
9. Eragrostis sororia Domin (1915) 399, t. 16, f. 1-5. —Type: Domin II, 1910 (holo
PRC, K neg. 20383).
Note —Erroneously (Wheeler in litt.) reported by D.J.B. Wheeleret al. (1990) for
New Guinea.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The present study was based mainly on the collections available in L with additional inspection of
material in A, BRI, CGE, K, NY, P, SING, SINU, U, US, and WAG. Their directors, curators,
keepers, and staff members are gratefully acknowledged for their hospitality, assistance, advice
and helpful discussion, and the loan of some critical specimens. Special thanks are due to Dr. E.A.
Widjaja (BO) and Messrs. L.A. Craven (CANB), P. Jobson (NSW), B.K. Simon (BRI), N.G.
Walsh for selected in their herbaria. (MEL) looking up specimens
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Index to specimens
Only numbered or dated specimens could be included. Identifications between brackets have not
been seen and are based on circumstantial evidence.
= amabilis & Arn. Nees luz Steud. ama (L.) Wight ex = luzoniensis
= Nees ex Steud. min = minor Host asp aspera (Jacq.) (none
mentioned) mon = montana Balansa
atr = atrovirens (Desf.) Trin. ex Steud. mul = multicaulis Steud.
bro = brownii (Kunth) Nees nig = nigra Nees ex Steud.
cil = cilianensis = Michx. Steud. (Bellardi) Vignolo ex pec pectinacea (Michx.) ex
Janch. pil = pilosa (L.) P. Beauv. (egl: eglandular,
cki Steud. kisarensis Jansen = cumingii var. gl: glandularform)
Steud. P. Beauv. cum = cumingii rip = riparia (Willd.)
curvula Nees tef = Trotter cur = (Schrad.) tef(Zuccagni) (none
dia diandra Steud. = (R.Br.) mentioned)
Steud. tnf Steud. gan = gangetica (Roxb.) = tenuifolia (A. Rich.)
Trin. uni unioloides Nees Steud. jap = japonica (Thunb.) = (Retz.) ex
las lasioclada = Merr. war = warburgii Hack.
Adj. Veearts Gorontalo 19: ama — Aet 797: uni—Aet & Idjan 119: cum; 121: ama —Afriastini
— — atr — 1616: ama; 1839: (ama) Alder 6/1979: bro Alphonso 25/5/1972: Alston 15125: atr;
15988: ama — Amdjah 93: uni — Anang 304: (ama); 565: ama — Andrews 6: ama — Anta
439: atr; 615: atr; 883: uni —ANU 5848 (Wheeler):tnf; 6197 (Wheeler): bro; 6199 (Wheeler):
tnf; 13028 (Wace): tnf; 15348 (J.M.B. Smith): tnf —Arends 14 Feb. 1973: atr.
Backer 25/1/1903: uni; 4/1903: uni; 9/1904: jap; 1146: cum; 1376: cum; 4363: jap; 4756: jap;
6039: uni; 6876: (ama); 6960: (ama); 7618: min; 7719: cil; 7720: jap; 7904: ama; 7905: uni;
8029: 8149: 8212: 10545: 11623: 11679: 11696: 13012: jap; ama; uni; atr; (ama); (ama); (ama);
(ama); 15224: (ama); 15303: jap; 16789: ama; 16842: jap; 17773: (ama); 18324: (ama); 19136: J.F. Veldkamp: Revision of Eragrostis in Malesia 197
19435: 19532: 19711: 19739: 19847: 20186: 20423: (ama); ama; (ama); (ama); (ama); (ama); atr;
24065: (ama); 20650: ama; 20853: bro; 21394: (ama); 21473: atr; 22806: atr; 23084: atr; cum;
24153: (ama); 24164: (ama); 24353: (ama); 24472: (ama); 24544: (ama);27031: (ama); 27247:
(ama); 27619: jap; 28057: (ama); 28222: (ama); 28669: (ama); 29090: ama; 30140: ama; 30961:
(ama); 31550: cum; 32120: (ama); 32737: (ama); 32738: (ama); 36075: min; 36076: nig; 36366:
jap; 36709: nig; 36773: pil (egl); 36955: cil; 37008: cil; 37152: min; 37193: cum; 37194: nig;
37341: cum; 37557: ama; A-48: cil — Bakhuizen van den Brink 4/1917: atr; 3a: atr; 94a: uni;
99: uni; 110: uni; 154: atr; 432: uni; 446: mul; 545: uni; 663: uni; 875: pil (gl); 1110: pil (gl);
1115: cum; 1156: uni; 1464: nig; 1681: mul; 2760: ama; 2986: uni; 3812: uni; 3814: cum; 3829:
uni; 4595: nig; 5071: atr; 5183: uni; 5268: pil (gl); 6357: cum; 6537: pil (gl); 6660: uni; 8162:
— — Bartlett ama; 8163: pil (egl); 8164: mul; 8165: pil (egl) Balansa 20/11/1886: pil (egl)
— — 8722: ama — Bartlett & La Rue 15: uni; 63: uni; 321: uni; 379: pil (gl) Beaman6911: uni
Beccari B-864: pil (gl) — Beguin 23: uni; 24: atr; 30: pil (egl); 56: cil; 57: (ama); 196: ama;
654: (ama); 1836: (ama); 2292: (ama); 2328: (ama) — BF 3423 (Ahern's Collector): uni; 4171
(Curran): ama; 5886 (Curran): uni; 15970 (Bacani): atr; 16160 (Curran et al.): cum; 16453
(Bacani): luz -— Bicknell 1478: tnf — Blewett 31: uni — Bloembergen 3281: ama; 3840 (T): — cki; 3850-bis: cki — Boerlage 2/10/1888: mul; 29/10/1888: uni; 129: uni Bor S-8: uni;
S-56: bro; S-56A: bro; S-58: ama; S-60: atr — Boschma 190: (ama); 227: (ama); 329: (ama);
356: (ama) — Bowers 857: tnf — Bradtke 12: pil (gl); 114: jap — Brass 3758: pil (gl); 5829:
bro; 6046: bro; 6541: bro; 7520: bro; 7853: bro; 7879 (T): las; 8348: las; 8349: bro; 11724: bro;
21882: bro; 24428: ama; 25151: bro; 25973: bro; 26030: ama; 32250: tnf—Brinkman 5/1994:
pil; 87: (ama)— Brooke 8231: uni; 9425: atr; 9433: uni; 9817: mon/uni;9836: atr —Brown 1:
pil; 6: uni — BS 156 (Foxworthy): ama; 264-bis (Villamil): atr; 468 (Mangubat): jap; 1829
(Ramos): jap; 2067 (Ramos) (T): cum; 2080 (Ramos): ama; 2089 (Ramos): ama; 3635 (Fenix):
ama; 4331 (Merrill): bro; 4462 (Merrill) atr; 4472 (Merrill): cum; 4805 (Ramos): ama; 4821
(Ramos): cum; 4894 (Ramos): atr; 6634 (Robinson): jap; 7042 (Ramos): atr; 7055 (Merrill):
bro; 7322 (Merrill): jap; 7452 (Ramos): rip; 7913 (Ramos): atr; 7920 (Ramos): jap; 9284
(Merrill): cum; 9321 (Merrill): luz; 9789 (Merrill): luz; 11687 (Robinson): ama; 14201
(McGregor): bro; 14212 (McGregor): atr; 14569 (Ramos): ama; 15591 (Fenix): jap; 15677
(Fenix): jap; 16671 (Clemens):jap; 19189 (Reillo): cum; 24203 (Ramos): jap; 27538 (Ramos):
28044 31807 32700 32780 40523 jap; (Fenix): jap; (Santos): atr; (Ramos): atr; (Ramos): bro;
(Ramos & Edano): cum; 41432 (McGregor): atr; 44552 (Ramos & Edano): ama; 44687 (Ramos
& Edano): cum; 47005 (Ramos & Edano): ama; 76903 (Ramos): bro; 76924 (Ramos): bro;
78761 (Ramos): ama; 78769 (Ramos): cum — Biinnemeijer 1044: uni; 1398: bro; 1404: atr;
1524: ama; 1588: uni; 2344: atr; 2494: mon; 3719: uni; 3726: uni; 4787: uni; 5765: uni; 6907:
7401: 7499: uni; 6909: atr; 7051: atr; 7396: uni; atr; uni; 7836: uni; 8172: uni; 10650: uni;
10785: uni; 11026: uni — Burkill 79: atr; 1606: atr; 3293: atr; 4648: uni — Buwalda 2841: uni;
2888: ama; 2894: cum; 3360: ama; 4016: ama; 4068: bro; 4082: bro; 4111: ama; 4530: bro;
5306 (T): las; 5524: las; 5526: bro/las; 5526-A: las; 7867: uni; 8008: uni; 8020: pil (egl); 8033:
uni; 8039: atr — BW 716 (Versteegh): bro; 8325 (Versteegh & Vink): uni.
CadiganG-16: uni —Cantley's coll. 3057: cum/mal — Carni 19: ama; 39: min — Carr 11105 (T):
bro; 11111: ?cum; 11371: ama; 11402: ama; 11431: bro — Carrick & Enoch 177: mon; 179:
uni; 284: uni — Chan 15 July 1984: uni — Chin & Mustafa 3329: uni — Church et al. 1144:
— Cinatti 135: — Clason 70: C9: gan min; 307: jap ama; 247: jap; A28: cum; A33: jap; pil (gl);
C15: jap — Clason-Laarman 94: ama — Clemens 9457: uni; 9561: pil (gl); 9586: pil (gl);
15784: rip; 18203: bro; 18219: jap; 18233: bro; 20555: ama; 20555-bis: uni; 21312: uni; 21314:
— mon; 21340: pil (gl); 30284: uni —Co 1946: uni Coert 22: jap; 47: ama; 276: jap; 287: atr;
338: jap; 341: jap; 397: jap; 595: nig; 854: uni; 1088: cil; 1659: cum; 1708: uni; 1729: cum;
1751: uni; 1764: uni; 1773: cum; 1786: ama; 1796: uni — Coifs 255: ama —Coode 3668: tnf;
3769: pil (egl); 3778: pil (egl) — Corlett & Chan 31 Aug. 1984: atr — Corner 23 Aug. 1935:
cum; 25 Aug. 1941: cum; 6 Sept. 1941: uni — Craven & Schodde 718: ama; 912: ama; 929:
bro; 1006: ama — Creagh 17/4/1895: atr — Cruttwell 141: ama; 651: bro; 1583: tnf; 1608:
bro; 1621: ama; 1654: dia — Cuming 545 (T): jap; 668 (T): bro; 672 (ST): cum; 714: ama; 198 BLUMEA Vol. 47, No. 1, 2002
1104 (LT): cum; 1416 (T): luz; 1669 (T): jap; 1782: cil; 2420 (T): uni; 2454: uni — Curtis
1800: uni; 1804: pil; 1805: cum; 1827: ama; 1898: pil; 2169: ama.
Danser 5538: bro; 5647: uni; 6454: atr; 6587: bro —Darbyshire 385: ama; 938: ama —Darbyshire
& Hoogland 7847: uni — De Groot Ps-27: (ama) —De Joncheere 1004: ama — De la Saviniere
118: 586: uni; 1233: ama — 4534: ama — ama; cum; 1632: De Vogel De Voogd 1755: ama;
2379: ama; 2440: (ama); 2495: cum —De Wilde & De Wilde-Duyfjes 12655: uni; 13555: cum;
14477: atr —De Wit 4028/4032: ama; 4044/4046: ama; 4050: nig; 4106: uni; 4133: nig; 4196:
cum; 4207: uni — Deguchi et al. 6269: ama —Demoulin 5570: tnf— Den Hoed 3053: ama —
Dihm 116: uni — Dissing 2633: ama; 2679: bro; 2718: pil (gl) —Docters van Leeuwen 1607:
— ama Docters vanLeeuwen-Reijnvaan 5242: (ama); 7854: (ama); 12605: (ama) — Dorgelo
544: min; 552: jap; 2003: jap; 3099: jap; 3099a: jap; 3164: jap; 3168: pil (gl); 3258: (ama);
Gr. 12: ama.
Elbert 536: ama; 537: cum; 1276 (T): cum; 1336: cum; 1534: cum; 2006: cil; 2022: ama; 2075: cil;
2518: war; 2924: war; 3081: las; 4013: bro — Elmer 5681: ama; 5760: atr; 6608 (T): cum;
14384: ama; 14531: uni; 22348: bro; 22359: atr — Endert 1682: uni — Enoch 2730: bro —
Enoh 392: ama; 413: atr — Erkelens & Coert 396: jap — Eyma 1766: ama; 4107: uni.
Farinas 119: luz; 120: bro — Forman 963: uni; 976: atr — Forster 4: uni; 8: atr; 15: uni; 20: bro;
21: 25: 36: 51: 52: 66: — & 46328: — uni; atr; pil (gl); bro; bro; jap Fosberg Cushing (las)
Fraser 195: uni — Frogatt 15: ama; 26: pil (gl) —Funke 10/1915: uni.
Gezaghebber van Sawoe 10: jap — Gibbs 2750: uni; 2756: ama; 2772: ama; 2780: pil (gl) —
Gilliland 6 May 1959: atr; 15 Feb. 1963: uni; 17 Nov. 1963: mon; 113: uni; 5047: uni; 5124:
mon; 5144: cum; 5152: atr; 5160a: uni; 5183: uni; 5184: uni; 5185: ama; 5186: uni; 5230: mon;
5234: 5236: 5255: 5257: 5258: 5273: 5278: 5282: 5297: mon; cum; gan; atr; uni; cum; uni; atr;
— — atr; 5299: mul GillilandA Kassim2435: uni Gilmour 11: cum; 12: ama —Gjellerup 688:
ama — Goetghebeur & Coppejans 3837: pil (egl) — Goetghebeur & Vyverman 6108: ama;
6132: pil (egl); 6199: tnf — Gordon 1/1951: atr — Goring 345 (T): jap; 1401: uni — Griffith
219: ama — Groenhart 30-32: nig.
Haegens et al. 361: uni — Hallier f. 20/12/1895: atr; 157: ama; 597b: uni; 597c: bro; 597e: uni;
598a: uni; 644a: mul; 645: mul; 646: pil (gl); 674: cum; 4157: ama; 4674: cum — Harreveld
9/1917: jap — 't Hart & Van Leeuwen K-9: bro; K-13: bro; K-19: ama; M-l: ama; M-18: bro;
M-19: bro; M-27: bro —Haviland 1915: uni; 1922: uni; 1925: mon —Henderson 9 July 1937:
bro; 10268: atr — Henty Nov. 1952: cum; 86: pil (egl); 160: ama; 197: pil (egl); 216: tnf; 228:
bro; 285: cil — Heyligers 1392: bro — Hiepko & Schultze-Motel 596: tnf— Hildebrand 22:
(ama) — Hoekstra 4: ama — Hoetagaloeng 12: uni; 25: pil (gl) — Hoft 2472: tnf; 2794: tnf;
2869: tnf; 3058: tnf; 3064: tnf; 3122: tnf — Holttum 29/7/1946: atr — Hoogerwerf 48: jap;
— 199: las; 243: bro Hoogland3734a: dia; 3753: dia; 3769: bro; 5100: pil (egl) —Hoogland&
Pullen 6248: bro — Hose 3/1897: cum/uni; 3: uni; 5: mon; 24: ama; 47: uni; 63: uni; 64: atr;
1925: uni — Houwing 76: jap — Hullett 14/10/1893: uni; 6/1/1894: ama — Hume 7367: atr/
cum; 7369: atr; 7388: atr; 7422: cum; 7427: uni; 7434: uni; 7540: uni; 7679: ama; 7689: cum;
7714: atr; 7774: uni; 8090: uni.
Iwatsuki et al. P-1328: cum; S-624: uni.
Jaag 182: ama; 264: cil; 560: ama; 865: jap; 911: cil; 1082: cil; 1434: jap — Jacobs 5649: uni —
Janaki Ammal 9: atr; 12: bro; 15: uni — Jeswiet 68: min; 201: uni; 221: bro; 715: cil; 716: jap;
941: jap; 1016: jap; 1029: bro; 1063: bro; 1674: atr; 1874: atr; 1894: atr; 1959: jap; 1962: min;
1962a: tnf— Jochems 3113: (ama); 3293: bro — Johansson et al. 279: uni — Jowett & Jowett
27: tnf—Jumali Aug. 1967: ama; 600: uni; 601: uni; 606: ama; 614: atr; 945: ama; 2014: atr —
Junghuhn 166: ama.
Kanehira & Hatusima 13165 (T): las — Karta 77: jap; 203: ama — Kartawinata 273: (ama); 1344:
cur —Kasik 102: uni —Kasim 1010: atr —Kassim Aug. 1959: cum; 81: atr; 86: uni; 87: ama;
2455: atr — Kelly 30: tnf — Keng 858: atr — Kern 7226: (ama); 7286: uni; 7443: uni; 8031:
nig — Kievits 1552: ama; 1626: ama; 1709: ama; 1881: (ama); 2170: (ama); 2279: (ama); — 2363: (ama); 2651: (ama); 3019: uni; 3301: uni; 3347: uni — C. King 1017: jap Kjellberg
35: 3032: — — ama; pil Kleinhoonte 320: cum; 337: nig Kneucker 702 (Merrill): ama; 761
880 883 & 889 — (Merrill): cum; (Merrill): atr; (Merrill McGregor): bro; (Merrill): ama Kofman J. F. Veldkamp: Revision of Eragrostis in Malesia 199
203: uni — K0ie & Olsen 1430: ama — Kooper 7/1932: bro; 7/7/1932: jap; 10/7/1932: uni;
14/8/1932: pil (egl); 18/8/1932: pil (gl); 9/1932: jap; 23/9/1932: uni; 9/10/1932: cum; 4:
uni; 21: (ama); 503: (ama);503b: uni; 552: pil (gl); 613: (ama); 806: uni;A88: (ama) —Koorders
17248: 17249: 21216: 21248: 17245: (ama); 17246: ama; 17247: (ama); ama; ama; jap; ama;
36965: 25541: (ama); 28285: ama; 31399: (ama); 36685: (ama); 36709: (ama); 36711: (ama);
jap; 37600: mul; 40907: uni; 41159: cum; 41209: uni — Kooy 453: ama; 567: jap/ama; 609:
— cil; 857: jap— Kornassi 934: ama; 1303: ama—Koschdale 2/1935: min; 92: ama Kostermans
1526: (ama) — Kostermans & Soegeng 578: bro; 929: atr —Kostermans & Wirawan 931: cum
— — Kuntze 4304: uni; 4382: pil; 5037: uni; 5078: bro; 6154: ama Kurz 4: mon/uni; 10: pil
(egl)/ama; 11: pil (egl); 13: mon; 113: uni; 1863: uni; 2730: uni — Kuswata 273: ama.
LAE 50286 (Stevens): tnf; 57124 (Andrew): bro; 58154 (Stevens): tnf; 67703 (Barker): tnf; 69491
— — (Conn et al.): tnf; 77214 (Womersley): uni — Lai & Saifuddin 423: mon Lam 2670: uni
Lambinon87/94: ama;87/124:tnf—LandbouwResidentCheribon 16: jap —Laurence7: uni
— Ledermann 7957: jap — Leefmans 7/5/1924: uni — Loeters 1974: cil — Loher 1770: ama;
1771: uni; 1772: jap; 1773: bro/cum; 1774: bro; 1775: bro; 1776: luz; 1777: atr; 1778: atr;
1779: bro; 1780: ama; 1781: ama; 7196: jap; 7220: ama; 7229: atr; 13198: ama —Lorzing 391:
(ama); 1659: (ama); 3800: (ama); 4412: (ama); 6271: uni; 6323: ama; 6525: atr; 6633: bro;
7637: 8424: 9227: 11316: 12494: 12495: 12920: 12921: atr; uni; (ama); bro; bro; uni; pil (gl);
ama; 13002: uni; 13142: bro; 13589: uni; 13590: uni; 14379: bro; 14661: uni; 15386: atr —
Lorzing & Jochems 7486: (ama) — Liitjeharms 5028: ama; 5266: uni.
MacGregor 9 (T): (las) — Main 1740: atr — Main & Aden 1526: ama; 1617: ama — Marche 418:
luz — McDonald & Ismail 4178: bro — McDonald & Sunaryo 4498: ama — McGregor 214:
jap — McKee 1799: dia — Meijer 1852: atr; 5694: uni; 5987: uni; 5989: uni; 9214: ama; 9646:
uni; 10301: ama; 10303: cum; 10347: cum — Merrill 6: ama; 130: ama; 371: rip; 461 ('416')
(T): las; 686: bro; 1792: jap; 4149: bro; 4155: luz; 4331: bro; 4462: atr; 4472: cum; 5760: atr;
9284: cum; 9789: atr; Phil. PI. 107: bro; 130: atr; 148: ama; 150: ama; 155: cum; 160: uni; 165:
jap; 573: pil (gl); Sp. Blancoan. 170 (T): bro; 229 (T): ama; 422 (T): cum; 709: jap — Merritt
9802: bro —Metzner 97: cum; 110: cki; 126: ama; 178: cki — Mitchell 108: ama — Monodde
Froideville 11/1/1950: uni; 13/1/1950: uni; 478: uni; 628: mon; 630: ama; 1433: war; 1434:
— uni; bro; 108: ama; 1478: jap; 1843: jap; 1868: ama; 2033: cki Motley 21: mon; 68: 106: pil
(gl); 116: ama; 124: mon; 132: uni; 722: jap — Mousset 521: (ama) — Midler 34: cum —
Murata et al. B-56: uni; B-308: uni.
cum/uni — Nedi uni — NGF4757 Nauen July 1941: mon; 7 July 1941: & Idjan 10: (Womersley):
pil (gl); 14795 (Henty): ama; 14796 (Henty): pil (gl); 15923 (Millar & Van Royen): tnf; 16463
(Van Royen): cum; 17457 (J.E.N. Smith): bro; 20591 (Henty): pil (egl); 20612 (Henty): tnf;
20688 (Henty): tnf; 27114 (Henty): las; 27163 (Henty): bro; 29751 (Coode, Cropley & Katik):
ama; 33703 (Ridsdale & Galore): bro; 33744 (Ridsdale): las; 35234 (Millar): pil (gl); 38715
(Henty & Katik): las; 38777 (Henty & Katik): las; 38797 (Henty & Katik): bro; 38970 (Henty
etal.): bro; 42123 (Vandenberg & Galore): tnf;42966 (Henty): bro; 43121 (Mann): ama; 44037
(Streimann & Kairo): tnf; 45017 (Streimann& Students): bro; 46154 (Coode):pil (egl); 48359
(Foreman & Kumul): ama; 49143 (Henty): cil; 49365 (Henty & Foreman): bro; 49396 (Henty
& Foreman):bro; 49583 (Henty): las; 49584 (Henty): bro; 49901 (Henty): bro —Noerkas 372:
jap.
Ophof 12/1940: uni; 18/12/1940: uni; 28/12/1940: pil (egl); 4143: uni — Ophof & De Wit 1567:
pil (egl); 4014: uni; 4022: uni — Ottolander 392: (ama).
— — Parker 2234: mon — Pereira et al. 101: atr Pillai 17 May 1977: ama Pleyte 456: ama; 765:
ama — PNH 3825 (Edano): ama; 4633 (Fox): ama; 11740 (Sulit): bro; 11815 (Sulit): bro;
13983 (Edano): jap; 18253 (Mendoza): uni; 18502 (Mendoza): ama; 18926 (Farinas): cum;
20424 (Animal Industry Employee): atr; 20425 (Animal Industry Employee): bro; 20458
(Mendoza): bro; 22522 (Alcasid): atr; 33191 (Steiner): ama; 33235 (Steiner): ama; 34385
(Edano): uni; 36523 (Kondo & Edano): ama; 37084 (Farinas): pil (gl); 37395 (Farinas): atr;
37396 (Farinas): atr; 38744 (Kondo & Edano): cum; 38899 (Kondo & Edano): ama; 40448
(Edano): uni; 42033 (Mendoza): jap; 72645 (Conklin & Del Rosario): atr; 80724 (Conklin &
Buwaya): atr; 80725 (Conklin & Buwaya): mul; 97572 (Mendoza): atr — Politon 8: dia — 200 BLUMEA Vol. 47, No. 1, 2002
Popta 128/17: pil (egl) —Posthumus 493: uni; 1889: (ama) — Powell 473: ama; 532: pil (egl?)
— — 1667: 2712: —PPI15114 (Garcia et al.): cum Proppe 4/1924: ama; 30: (ama) Pullen bro;
bro; 2768: bro; 3147: bro; 3339: bro; 3608: ama; 6678: bro; 7093: bro; 7152: las; 7177: bro;
— 4321: — bro/uni; mul; 7243: bro; 8103: tnf Pulsford 4: bro Purseglove 4065: ama; 4071:
5497: atr — Pwee Pl/87: ama.
Raap 173: uni; 501: uni —Rahmat si Boeea 8288: ama; 8405: ama; 8406: pil (gl) —Radermacher
22/3/1927: ama; 15/6/1927: pil; 25/8/1929: jap — Rahmat si Toroes (= Rahmat si Boeea)
1629: uni; 1837: atr; 1888: uni; 1943: uni; 2511: atr; 2732: uni; 3031a: atr; 3888: uni; 5345: uni
—Ramos 1120: mon; 1460: atr; 1603: atr — Rant 2/1916: nig; 11/5/1924: mul; 4: nig —Rao
Dec. 1961: uni; 26 June 1966: atr — Rappard 66: cum; 258: tnf— Raynal 16796: bro; 17102:
tnf — Reinwardt 51: uni; 70: pil (egl); 164: pil (egl) — Richards 2710-A: uni — Ridley 27
A° 453: 997: 998: Sept. 1904: ama; 1915: nig; 4: ama; 10: atr; 14: uni; 64: uni; 79: pil; mon; atr;
1082: 1220: 1221: 1375: 1552: 1688: 1690: 1697-b: bro; cum; cum; ama; cum; atr; ama; uni;
8161: 8318: 10168: cum; 1698: cum; 3538: atr; 6108: cum; 6990: ama; 7007: jap; pil; bro; pil;
10169: bro; 12229: atr; 12563: cum; 14389: atr; 14841: atr; 14848: atr; 14849: bro; 14850: atr;
14851: uni; 14853: jap — Robbins 444: bro; 454: bro — Robinson 11/1916: bro; 1650: uni;
2515: ama; 6442: bro — Robinson & Kloss 22/3/1914: uni; 5/6/1914: uni — Rodway 2861:
— — nig; 2863: ama; 2864: ama; 4194: ama; 15300: ama Roesil 187: (ama) Rutten-Kooistra
53: uni — Ryves 92KL/031: cum.
S 48760 (Awa& Paie): uni; 57335 (Banyeng et al.): atr; 59577 (Mohtar& Othman): atr — Samsuri
SA 88: ama — SAN 8882 (King): atr; 8885 (King): uni; 39357 (Meijer): uni; 39358 (Meijer):
pil (gl); 40623 (Meijer): uni; 59545 (Amin): atr; 69340 (Aban & Soinin): uni; 96605 (Aban &
Dewol): uni; 151293 (Laegaard): mul; 151304 (Laegaard): mul; 151342 (Laegaard): mon;
151344 (Laegaard): tnf— Sands & Johns 5414: bro — Sands et al. 1878: bro; 2946: uni —
4036: Santos 3988: pil (gl); 4000: ama; 4007: ama; 4030: ama; 4033: bro; 4034: atr; 4035: bro;
bro; 4037: atr; 4047: ama; 4608: pil (gl); 4660: atr; 4666: ama; 4734: ama; 4787: bro; 4870:
5366: ama; 5064: mul; 5089: ama; 5092: pil (gl); 5111: cur; 5119: ama; 5126: ama; ama; 5517:
bro; 5595: atr; 5731: bro; 5744: ama; 5748: atr; 5829: ama; 5830: ama; 5861: cum; 5861a: pil
(gl); 6009: bro; 6042: pil (egl); 6099: uni; 6102: cum; 6135: bro; 6158: bro; 6195: cum; 6196:
bro; 6208: ama; 6233: ama; 6270: ama; 6275: bro; 6283: bro; 6284: bro; 6290: luz; 6294: luz;
6295: 6300: 6302: 6303: 6304: 6312: 6420: jap; atr; 6301; luz; bro; pil (gl); ama; cur; pec;
6447: cum; 6463: cum; 6473: cum; 6481: cum; 6492: jap; 6495: ama; 6596: pil (egl); 6645: pil
(egl); 6761: bro; 6770: cum; 6790: uni; 6810: ama; 6826: ama; 6913: bro;6916; pil (egl); 6935:
jap; 6944: pil (egl); 6952: bro; 6955: luz; 6956: bro; 6958: ama; 6990: uni; 7086: atr; 7315:
7333: 7370: 7381: 7384: 7396: 7400: 7417: 7597: cum; atr; pil (gl); bro; ama; bro; uni; cum; pil
uni; 7687: 7730: 7735: 7743: bro; (egl); 7616: bro; 7681: ama; 7682: ama; 7685: atr; ama; atr;
7745: luz; 7752: (?nig); 7780: ama; 7804: pil (egl); 7860: atr; 8053: atr; 8060: uni; 8075: jap;
8093: jap; 8108: bro; 8114: las; 8117: luz; 8127: ama; 8143: bro; 8194: ama; 8196: cum; 8200:
cum; 8202: luz; 8246: uni — Saunders 80: bro; 603: dia — Sauveur 81: ama —Schiffner 1502:
— uni; 1533: uni Schlechter 18418: dia — Schmutz 5014: luz; 5021: cil; 5034: cum; 5064:
ama; 5707: cum; 5709: ama; 5710: cum; 5722: ama; 5732; ama; 5733: jap; 5805: luz; 5899:
cum; 5902: jap; 5958: jap — Schoenig 12: cil —Seidenschwarz L33: ama —Seimund 105: pil
— SF 2925 (Haniff& Nur): uni; 3000 (Haniff): ama; 4213 (Haniff& Nur): bro; 4432 (Nur):
4444 4445 4503 4596 4598 4600 atr; (Nur): uni; (Nur): uni; (Nur); bro; (Nur): ama; (Nur): uni;
(Nur): atr; 4637 (Burkill): bro; 4651 (Haniffj: uni; 4760 (Nur): ama; 4769 (Nur): ama; 4773
(Nur): bro; 4776 (Nur): mon/uni; 5281 (Nur): mon; 5305 (Nur): uni; 6405 (Burkill): uni; 6450
(Nur): mon; 9006 (Burkill): uni; 9993 (Burkill): uni; 10027 (Burkill): bro; 10813 (Sinclair):
cum; 12678 (Burkill & Haniff): uni; 12926 (Burkill & Haniff): atr; 13105 (Burkill & Haniff):
bro; 13113 (Burkill & Haniff): atr; 13114 (Burkill & Haniff): uni; 13116 (Burkill & Haniff):
ama; 13818 (Burkill & Haniff): uni; 14454 (Strugnell): cum; 14460 (Strugnell): uni; 16131
(Burkill& Haniff): mon; 19134 (Kloss): pil (gl); 19844 (Holttum): bro; 19996 (Nur): atr; 20304
(Henderson): cum; 24084 (Henderson): uni; 24086 (Henderson): jap; 24664 (Holttum): uni;
24732 (Holttum): ama; 24734 (Holttum): cum; 24789 (Holttum); pil; 24790 (Henderson &
Holttum); ama; 25822 (Corner): bro; 25901 (Corner): uni; 28412 (Holttum): uni; 29592 J. F. Veldkamp: Revision of Eragrostis in Malesia 201
29908 29915 34587 37317 (Henderson): uni; (Corner): bro; (Corner): atr; (Spare): atr; (Corner):
mon; 37322 (Spare): uni; 37327 (Spare): mon; 37590 (Corner): uni; 37756 (Corner): atr; 37898
(Corner): cum; 38057 (Nauen): atr; 38073 (Nauen): ama; 38075 (Nauen): uni; 38076 (Nauen):
bro; 38077 (Nauen): atr/mon; 38183 (Nauen): mon; 38184 (Nauen): uni; 38275 (Henderson):
uni; 39268 (Sinclair): ama— Shah & Noor 2014: uni —Simpson 14 Oct. 1946: atr — Simpson
& Marsh 2139: uni — Sinclair 18/12/1948: uni; 21/8/1949: ama; 29/8/1949: cum; 2/1/1950:
6892: 10813: — Siwon 1013: 1027: 1053: 1060: — pil (gl); gan; cum ama; uni; tnf; ama
J. Smith 9/1964: ama — Soderstrom & Soenarko 1363: jap — Soenarko 257: jap; 258: jap —
Sohns 17: (ama); 35: (ama) — Spare F-755: cum/uni — Sterly 80-388: cur — Stroder 17/6/
1972: tnf— Surbeck 305: uni; 568: bro; 569: atr.
Tay & Tow 2: cum — Teruya 2567: pil — Tirto 11/11/1906: uni; 27/11/1906: uni — Turner PT74:
ama.
UPNG 405 (Gebo): bro.
Van Balgooy 6217: atr; 6519: ama; 6623: las — Van Balgooy & Mamesah 6259: bal; 6264: las;
— 6298: las — Van Breemen 2: mul — Van den Bergh 6: war Van der Gaag 82: uni — Van
Diest 4: (ama) — Van Hellendoorn 69: ama — Van Kregten 79: uni — Van Leeuwen BIAK-5:
uni; DJ-22: cil; JEF-1: ama; JEF-3: bro; KAI-1: atr; KEB-5: cum; KEB-15: bro; PAM-1: ama;
SEROEI-2: cum; TlOM-17: bro; TSIOF-1: atr/cum — Van Leeuwen & Ree 16-23/5/1958:
las — Van Maarseveen 6: cil; 7: ama — Van Ooststroom 12648: ama; 12978: pil (gl); 13657:
ama; 13856: nig; 14098: uni — Van Rijckevorsel 3a: (ama); 13: (ama) — Van Royen 3388: — ama; 4882: bro; 4916: bro; 4966: bro Van Slooten 12/1923: pil (egl); 805: atr; 2004: pil (gl);
2016: (ama); 2034: jap; 2064: jap; 2197: (ama) — Van Slooten & Backer 35030: ama — Van
18335: Steenis3130: (ama); 6676: atr; 7509: atr; 7812: cum; 9379: atr; 18096: bro; 18235: jap;
pil (gl); 18483: pil (gl) — Van Thull 3: (ama) — Van Zanten 1014: uni — Vanoverbergh 1562:
luz; 1651: ama; 2059: bro — Veldkamp 7140a: cum; 8619: cur — Veldkamp & Kuduk 8566:
bro — Veldkamp & Roos 8734: jap —Verheijen 1616: cum; 1617: cum; 1618: min; 2398: ama;
2804: ama; 2850: mul; 2905: jap; 3783: ama; 3834: jap; 3871: ama; 4703: cil; 4704: jap; 4891:
ama; 5396: pil (gl); 5447: cum; 5448: ama; 5484: jap — Vidal 1974: ama.
Walsh 11: ama; 66: ama; 73: jap — Warburg 2599: (see sub E. maypurensis); 17049 (T): war;
20948 (T): (war) —Weber 1079: jap; 1105: jap —Westerberg 10/6/1936: nig; 7/1936: uni — — Whitehead & Flenley 254: uni Whitford 708: jap —Widjaja 4459: tnf—Widjaja & Hamzah
3075: tnf — Widjaja et al. 6398: tnf — Williams 92: cum; 1181: bro; 1204: atr — Winckel
1/10/1917: ama; 624-B: (ama); 1361: uni; 1405: atr; 1625: mul — Hans Winkler 208: uni —
— — Hubert Winkler 3343: uni K.M. Wong et al. 2531: ama W.P. Wong Aug. 1959: uni; 13
Aug. 1959: cum — W.P. Wong & Kassim 7 July 1959: pil — Worthington 12328: atr; 12387:
ama.
Yapp 142: uni; 358: bro; 385: uni — Yates 574: uni; 912: pil; 2195: atr.
Zollinger 232 (T): uni; 1597: uni; 1599 (T): pil; 3955: jap.
Index to names
The numbers refer the = mentioned under = mentioned under Nomina dubia. to species: g genus; n
22 Ectrosia Bipolaris spec. 3, 4. 5, 10, 20,
Briza eragrostis L. 6 eragrostoides Domin 12
oblonga Moench 6 lasioclada (Merr.) S.T. Blake 12
Cynodon abyssinicus (Jacq.) Raspail 21 subtriflora Ohwi 12
ciliaris Raspail n Ectrosiopsis Jansen g
Cyperus paniculatus Blanco 1 aruensis Jansen 12
Diandrochloa De Winter Jansen 12 g curvifolia
diarrhena (Schult. & Schult.f.) eragrostoides Domin 12
A.N. Henry 11 eragrostoides (Domin) Veldk. ex Whyte 12
glomerata (Walt.) Burkart 11 lasioclada (Merr.) Jansen 12
japonica (Thunb.)A.N. Henry 11 subaristata (Chase) Jansen 12
12 namaquensis g subtriflora Jansen 202 BLUMEA Vol. 47, No. 1, 2002
Wolf Eragrostis g (Eragrostis)
Ohwi ekmannii Hitchc. 9 sect. Ectrosiopsis g
Boiss. 13 sect. Eueragrostis g elegantula auct. 3, 5, 7a,
Doll 9 sect. Pteroëssa g elongata (Willd.) J. Jacq.
abyssinica (Jacq.) Link 17, 21 elongata auct. 3, 5, 7a, 13
abyssinica auct. 17 eragrostis (L.) H. Karst. 6
amabilis (L.) Wight & Arn. ex Nees 1 eragrostis (L.) P. Beauv. 14
1 forma normalis Kuntze var. megastachya (Koeler) Farw. 6
forma varia Kuntze 1 eriopoda Benth. n
var. contracta Buse 23 euchroa Steud. 23
var. effusa Buse 23 ferruginea auct. 7a
var. insularis C.E. Hubb. lb gangetica (Roxb.) Steud. 10
var. insularis (C.E. Hubb.) Umamaheswari gangetica auct. 3
& P. Daniel 1 b glomerata (Walt.) Dewey ex J.M. Coult. 11
var. prostrata Buse 23 hapalantha Trin. 11
var. riparia (Willd.) A. Camus 20 hapalantha auct. 11
var. scabriuscula Buse 23 hasskarlii Steud. n
amabilis auct. 5, 7a, 23 indica (Rottler) Willd. ex Steud. 19
amboinica (L.) Trin. ex Steud. n interrupta [R.Br., non Lam.] P. Beauv.
amboinica auct. 20 var. diarrhena (Schult. & Schult.f.)
Nees Steud. 2 11 aspera (Jacq.) ex Stapf
atrovirens (Desf.) Trin. ex Steud. 3 var. tenuissima Stapf 11
forma brownii (Kunth) Hack. 5 interrupta (Lam.) Doll 11
atrovirens auct. 13 interrupta auct. 7a
atroviridis Maire 3 japonica (Thunb.) Trin. 11
aurea Steud. 11 var. interrupta (Lam.) Henrard 11
bahiensis auct. 3 lasioclada Merr. 12
balgooyi Veldk. 4 lehmanniana Nees 8
barbinodis Hack. 8 luzoniensis Steud. 13
brownii (Kunth) Nees 5 major Host 6
brownii auct. 3 malayana Stapf 15
bulbillifera Steud. 5 mangalorica Hochst. ex Miq. 1
cambessediana (Kunth) Steud. 10 mangalorica auct. 20
carolinensis Jedwabn. n maypurensis (Kunth) Steud. n
chariis auct. 3, 13 megastachya (Koeler) Link 6
chloromelas Steud. 8 subsp. poaeoides (Roem. & Schult.)
cilianensis (Bellardi) Vignolo ex Janch. 6 Husn. 14
forma megastachya (Koeler) Maire & var. cilianensis (Bellardi) Asch. &
Weiller 6 Graebn. 6
subsp. major (Host) Maire & Weiller 6 milleflora Steud. 11
Maire 6 var. major (Host) millettii Nees n
ciliaris (L.) R.Br, n minor Host 14
ciliata auct. 12 var. major (Host) Beck 6
cumingii Steud. 7 var. megastachya (Koeler) Burtt Davy 6
var. cumingii 7a minutiflora J. Presl 11
var. kisarensis Jansen 7b montana Balansa 15
var. novoguineensis Jansen 5 multicaulis Steud. 16
var. rindjaniensis Jansen 7a multiflora auct. 6
cumingii auct. 5 namaquensis Schrad. 11
curvula (Schrad.) Nees 8 nigra Nees ex Steud. 17
diandra (R.Br.) Steud. 9 nigra auct. 7a
diarrhena (Schult. & Schult.f.) Steud. 11 nutans (Retz.) Steud. 10
diplachnoides Steud. 11 nutans auct. 3, 5, 11
distans Hack. 7a oblonga (Moench) Baumg. 6 J. F. Veldkamp: Revision of Eragrostis in Malesia 203
(Eragrostis) (Eragrostis)
villosa Trin. parviflora (R.Br.) Trin. n n
pectinacea (Michx.) Nees 18 viscosa (Retz.) Trin. 1
viscosa auct. 20 var. pectinacea 18
pilosa (L.) P. Beauv. 19 vulcanica Jedwabn. 5 Coss. & Germ. 6 forma multicaulis (Steud.) I.C. Chung 16 vulgaris (Host) 6 subsp. abyssinica (Jacq.) Asch. & subsp. major Rouy Douin 6 Graebn. 21 subsp. megastachya (Koeler)
minor (Host) 14 subsp. multicaulis (Steud.) Tzvelev 16 subsp. Rouy subsp. poaeoides (Roem. & Schult.) var. glabra Ducommun 19 R.C.V. Douin 14 var. minor (Host) Kuntze 14 var. megastachya (Koeler) Coss. & var. fe/(Zuccagni) Fiori 21 Germ. 6 var. verticillata (Cav.) Rchb. 19 warburgii Hack. 1, 24 pilosa auct. 7a, 16
willdenowii Nees ex Steud. 10 pilosissima Link n zeylanica Nees 5 plumosa (Retz.) Link 1 var. glomerata Nees 5 poaeformis Link 14 minor Nees 7a poaeoides P. Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult. 14 auct. 7a A. 6 zeylanica var. megastachya (Koeler) Gray Lunell Erosion g polymorpha (R.Br.) Jedwabn. 5 cilianense (Bellardi) Lunell 6 pubescens (R. Br.) Steud. 5 ciliare Lunell n pubescens auct. 13 Glyceria airoides Steud. 16 reflexa Hack. 7a Gramen fumi Rumph. 1 riparia (Willd.) P. Beauv. 20 Megastachya amabilis (L.) P. Beauv. 1 riparia auct. 1 ciliaris P. Beauv. n rubens (Lam.) Hochst. 23 elongata (Willd.) P. Beauv. 9 forma linearis Boerl. 23 eragrostis (L.) P. Beauv. ex Roem. & var. contracta Miq. 23 Schult. 6
var. effusa Miq. 23 glomerata (Walt.) Schult. 11 var. scabriuscula Miq. 23 maypurensis Roem. & Schult. n
sororia Domin n oblonga (Moench) Moench ex P. Beauv. 6 spartinoides Steud. 5 polymorpha (R.Br.) P. Beauv. 5 subaristata Chase 12 riparia (Willd.) Roem. & Schult. 20 subsecunda (Lam.) E. Fourn. 5 tenella (L.) Bojer 1 subtriflora (Ohwi) Ohwi 12 Panicum leptanthum Steud. 11 8 superba Peyr. Poa abyssinica Jacq. 21 tef Trotter 21 (Zuccagni) 17, amabilis L. 1
tenella P. Beauv. Roem. & Schult. 1 (L.) ex amabilis auct. 23
var. (Thunb.) Roem. & Schult. 11 japonica amboinica L. n, 20 Kuntze 1 var. koenigii amboinica auct. 11
1 var. plumosa (Retz.) Stapf 2 aspera Jacq. 20 var. riparia (Willd.) Stapf atrovirens Desf. 3
1 var. viscosa (Retz.) Stapf aurea (Steud.) Steud. ex Walp. 11
subvar. 1 aperta Stapf biflora Retz. 11
tenella auct. 11 brownii Kunth 5
tenellula (Kunth) Steud. 11 cambessediana Kunth 10
tenellula auct. 21 cerealis Salisb. 21
tenuifolia (A. Rich.) Steud. 22 cilianensis Bellardi 6
tenuissima Schrad. ex Nees 11 ciliaris L. n
timorensis Henrard 24 ciliaris Rottler 20
unioloides (Retz.) Nees ex Steud. 23 ciliata Hassk. n
verticillata (Cav.) P. Beauv. 19 curvula Schrad. 8
var. indica (Rottler) Wight & Arn. ex delicatior Steud. 19
diandra 9 Nees 19 R.Br. 204 BLUMEA Vol. 47, No. 1, 2002
(Poa) (Poa)
diandra Roxb. 11 riparia Willd. 20
diarrhena Schult. & Schult.f. 11 rubens Lam. 23
elongata Willd. 9 subsecunda Lam. 5
eragrostis Brot. 6 tefZuccagni 21
eragrostis L. 14 tenella L. 1
Roxb. 10 gangetica tenella sensuR.Br. 11
glomerata Walt. 11 tenellula Kunth 11
indica J. Konig ex Rottler 19 tenuifolia A. Rich. 22
interrupta Lam. 11 unioloides Retz. 23
japonica Thunb. 11 verticillata Cav. 19
maypurensis Kunth n viscosa Retz. 1
Koeler 6 Tzvelev megastachya Roshevitzia g
micrantha diarrhena & Tzvelev 11 Spreng. n (Schult. Schult.f.) g,
parviflora R.Br, n glomerata (Walt.) Tzvelev 11
pectinacea Michx. 18 japonica (Thunb.) Tzvelev 11
pilosa L. 19 Sporobolus verticillatus Nees 11
plumosa Retz. 1 Uniola indica Spreng. 23
polymorpha R.Br. 5 paniculata Llanos 7a
pubescens R.Br. 5 spicata Llanos 5