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Natural Resources Inventory Little Chebeague

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Natural Resources Inventory Little Chebeague NATURAL RESOURCES INVENTORY OF LITTLE CHEBEAGUE ISLAND, ME March 2014 by Maine Island Ecologists Tracy Ames Kristin Pennock Heather Storlazzi Ward 558 Sutherland Pond Road Sabattus, ME 04280 (207) 375-9090 www.maineislandecologists.org CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................... 5 2. OBJECTIVE ............................................................................................................................... 5 3. PROFESSIONAL QUALIFICATIONS ..................................................................................... 6 4. REVIEW OF BACKGROUND INFORMATION ..................................................................... 6 4.1 Natural Plant Communities ................................................................................................... 6 4.2 Wildlife .................................................................................................................................. 7 4.3 Soils ..................................................................................................................................... 10 4.4 National Wetland Inventory Maps ...................................................................................... 12 4.5 Wetlands of Special Significance (WoSS) .......................................................................... 13 5. CRITICAL MARINE HABITATS AT LITTLE CHEBEAGUE ISLAND ............................. 14 5.1 Eelgrass Habitat ................................................................................................................... 15 5.1.1 Conservation Management Strategies for Eelgrass Habitat Protection ........................ 17 5.1.2 Collaborative Efforts to Manage and Monitor Eelgrass Habitat ................................... 18 5.1.3 Outreach Efforts ............................................................................................................ 18 5.2 Cordgrass Habitat ................................................................................................................ 19 5.2.1 Conservation Management Strategies for Cordgrass Habitat Protection ...................... 22 5.2.2 Methods of Control to Prevent Further Degradation of Sites ....................................... 23 5.2.3 Collaborative Efforts to Manage and Monitor Marsh ................................................... 23 5.2.4 Outreach Efforts ............................................................................................................ 24 5.3 Sand Beaches and Dune Habitats ........................................................................................ 24 5.3.1 Conservation Management Strategies for Beach/Dune Habitat Protection .................. 30 5.3.2 Methods of Control to Combat Impacts at Beach and Dune Zones .............................. 30 5.3.3 Collaborative Efforts to Manage and Monitor Beach and Dune Habitats .................... 32 5.3.4 Outreach Efforts ............................................................................................................ 32 6. OTHER SIGNIFICANT MARINE HABITATS ..................................................................... 33 6.1 Mudflat Habitat.................................................................................................................... 33 6.2 Mix Coarse and Fine Flat Habitat........................................................................................ 33 6.3 Ledge Habitat ...................................................................................................................... 35 7. FRESHWATER WETLAND HABITAT................................................................................. 37 7.1 Functional Assessment Methodology .................................................................................. 37 Page 2 of 122 7.2 General Site Conditions and Wetlands Descriptions ........................................................... 39 7.3 Findings of Functional Assessment ..................................................................................... 40 7.3.1 Wetland I- 1: Northeast Wetland ............................................................................... 40 7.3.2 Wetland I- 2: Historic Basement................................................................................ 42 7.3.3 Wetland I- 3: Central Wetland ................................................................................... 43 7.3.4 Wetland I- 4: Southern Wetland ................................................................................ 45 7.3.5 Wetland I- 5: Northwest Wetland .............................................................................. 49 8. NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ISSUES ............................................................. 51 8.1 Ticks and Mice .................................................................................................................... 51 8.2 White-tailed Deer ................................................................................................................ 52 8.3 Hickory Tussock Moth ........................................................................................................ 53 8.4 Browntail Moth.................................................................................................................... 54 8.5 Poison Ivy ............................................................................................................................ 55 8.6 Invasive Plants ..................................................................................................................... 56 8.6.1 Little Chebeague Island Integrated Vegetation Management (IVM) Program ............. 57 9. LAND MANAGEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................ 65 9.1 Maintenance of Healthy, Well Established Native Plant Communities .............................. 66 9.2 Selection of Most Feasible and Effective Combinations of Control Methods .................... 66 9.3 Scheduling Mechanical Controls ......................................................................................... 67 9.4 Restoration Efforts ............................................................................................................... 69 9.5 Chemical Control: Herbicide Applications by Foliar and Cut Stump Methods .................. 70 9.6 Cultural Control Methods: Manipulation of Forest Structure and Composition ................. 71 10. WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT ISSUES & RECOMMENDATIONS .................................... 71 10.1 Wildlife Habitat Restoration Issues ................................................................................... 71 10.2 Plants with Significant Value for Wildlife Habitat ........................................................... 72 10.3 Wildlife Habitat Recommendations for Various Cover Types ......................................... 73 11. RECREATION MANAGEMENT ISSUES AND RECOMMENDATIONS ........................ 77 11.1 Visitor Impact Issues ......................................................................................................... 77 11.2 Assessments of Social Experiences and Carrying Capacities ........................................... 78 11.3 Trail Design and Maintenance ........................................................................................... 79 11.4 Kiosk and Trail Signage .................................................................................................... 79 11.5 Revise Trail Map ............................................................................................................... 80 12. CONCLUSION ....................................................................................................................... 80 Page 3 of 122 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .......................................................................................................... 81 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................. 82 Appendix A: THE VASCULAR FLORA OF LITTLE CHEBEAGUE, MAINE ....................... 87 Appendix B: Wetland Evaluation Forms .................................................................................... 101 Appendix C: Functional Assessment Code Descriptions ........................................................... 106 Appendix D: Wetland Classification Key................................................................................... 115 Appendix E: Working Mammal and Reptile Inventory at Little Chebeague Island ................... 117 Appendix F: Working Insect Inventory List at Little Chebeague Island .................................... 118 Appendix G: Working Bird Inventory at Little Chebeague Island ............................................. 120 List of Figures Figure 1. High Value Plant and Animal Habitat on Little Chebeague Island Figure 2. Soil Map of Little Chebeague Island Figure 3. National Wetland Inventory Map of Little Chebeague Island List of Tables Table 1. Estimated Area within Mapped Wetlands and Wetland Classification Table 2. Significance criteria applied to parcels at Little Chebeague Island in 2014 Table 3. USFS, Wisconsin DNR (WDNR), MIE, MNAP Recommendations for Invasive Plant Control at Little Chebeague Island Page 4 of 122 1. INTRODUCTION Little Chebeague Island, Maine Coastal Island Registry number 55-324, is located at Lat. 43°42'38" N. Long. 70°8'46" W within the towns of Chebeague
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