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Home , Beed district, Buldhana district, Chandurbazar, Drought in India, Krishna Godavari Basin, Lakshmi Barrage

भारत सरकार Government of के न्दर्ीय जल आयोग Central Commission

मौके पर दशे के सखाू पर्भािवत क्षतर्े म पानी की िस्थित की अध्ययन िरपोटर् (2015-16)

REPORT ON ON THE SPOT STUDYOF WATER SITUATION IN AFFECTED AREAS OF THE COUNTRY (2015-16)

िसचाईं आयोजन सगठनं MANAGEMENT ORGANISATION

जल पर्बधनं िनदशालये WATER MANAGEMENT DIRECTORATE

जून, 2016 June, 2016

INDEX No. Description Page No. PART‐I Executive Summary 1 1. General 3 Drought during 2015‐16 3 2. Region wise drought situation 4 Northern Region 4 Southern Region 5 Central Region 9 Eastern Region 12 Western Region 13 3. Overall scenario in country and 18 Recommendations for Solutions PART‐II: Annexures 1. Annex I- MoWR,RD&GR dated 25.4.2016 21 2. Annex II- CWC Director (TC) letter dated 02.5.2016 22 3. Annex III- CWC advisory dated 2.06.2015 23 4. Annex IV- CWC advisory dated 12.4.2016 26 PART‐III: Appendix I. Report of Technical team on 29 II. Report of Technical team on 49 III. Water scarcity report on 86 IV. Report of Technical team on 109 V. Water scarcity report on Tamil Nadu 132 VI. Report of Technical team on 148 VII. Report of Technical team on Bundelkhand 181 VIII. Report of Technical team on 206 IX. Report of Technical team on 237 X. Report of Technical team on 244 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Over 60-70% of our country is vulnerable to drought. The distribution of the rainfall in the country varies greatly in time as well as space, and such variations have caused extreme events of and in country. During year 2015-16, drought like situation/Water scarcity has prevailed in states namely Karnataka, , Maharashtra, , Odisha, Telangana, Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, and Rajasthan in selected districts and in Gujarat, some Districts felt semi water scarcity.

Main Cause of Water Scarcity

Main cause of water scarcity in country is consecutive failure of monsoon, resulting low storages in , during last two years. Rainfall deficit in country as a whole during 2015 was 14% and in 2014, it was 12%. Earlier, year 2012 was also a rainfall deficit year with 11% deficit. At the end of monsoon season 2015 i.e. as on 30th Sept 2015, available live storage in 91 reservoirs under CWC monitoring was 95.693 BCM against the total live capacity of 157.799 BCM of these 91 reservoirs. While as on 30thSept 2014, available live storage was 124.607 BCM, and as on 30th Sept 2013, it was 137.077 BCM.

Storage in Reservoirs under CWC Monitoring

As per CWC reservoir storage bulletin of 91 reservoirs dated 26th May 2016, reservoirs namely NagarjunaSagar [A. P. & Telangana]; Bhima (Ujjaini), Jayakwadi, Girna, Dudhganga and Yeldari [Maharashtra]; Kabini [Karnataka], Sholayar [Tamil Nadu] have no live storage. Most of the other reservoirs also have live storage less than the average of last 10 years live storage.

Suggested Measures for Water Scarcity Mitigations

Various long/short term measures (being taken up and to be taken up) to mitigate water scarcity situation have been recommended by technical teams, which are region/area/state specific. However, construction of water harvesting structures, mass awareness among citizens for , construction of new water storage structures, interlinking of , renovation and repair of existing water bodies are commonly recommended measures.

Steps Taken by MOWR, RD&GR and CWC

As per constitutional provisions, water projects are constructed, maintained and operated by respective state Government agencies. In view of likely water scarcity situation, Central Water Commission issued advisories to state Government authorities for judicious use of available water. MoWR, RD&GR constituted technical

Page 1 teams comprising officers of Central Water Commission, Central Ground Water Board and State Department to submit their report on water scarcity situation till June 2016. It has been reported that minimum domestic water requirement are being met in all water scarce areas. Completion of the ongoing / proposed water resources schemes are likely to contribute in tackling the water scarcity in future. In this regard following steps have been taken by the Ministry of Water Resources, Development & Ganga Rejuvenation: 1. Technical / financial assistance to the State Governments through schemes e.g. Accelerated Irrigation Benefits Programme (AIBP) and Repair, Renovation and Restoration (RRR) of Water Bodies. 99 projects have been identified to be completed by 2020under AIBP. 2. To enhance physical access of water on farm and to improve on farm water use efficiency, Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY) has been launched. 3. Funding of Major and medium irrigation/multipurpose irrigation projects under PMKSY-AIBP and RRR of Water Bodies, Surface Minor Irrigation (SMI) projects and Command Area Development and Water Management (CADWM) projects under PMKSY-Har Khet Ko Pani (HKKP). 4. Jal Kranti Abhiyan (2015-16 to 2017-18) to consolidate efforts for making water conservation and management a mass movement in the country involving all stakeholders.

Current Year Forecast for by IMD

This year, IMD has issued long range forecast for the 2016 Southwest Monsoon Season Rainfall, predicting quantitatively monsoon seasonal rainfall 106% of long period average with a model error +/- 5%. Hence water scarcity situation is expected to improve in coming months.

Page 2

1.0 General

Over 60-70% of our country is vulnerable to drought. In the past, drought in India have periodically led to major Indian famines resulting in tens of millions of deaths over the course of the 18th, 19th, and 20th centuries e.g. Bengal famine of 1770 decimating about one third of the population in affected areas and 1876–1877 famine in which over five million people died.

The distribution of the rainfall in the country varies greatly in time as well as space and such variations have caused extreme events of droughts and floods in country.

Every year almost all the reservoirs in India approach minimum live storage levels during May and June. The meagre storages available in May and June are just adequate for drinking and pre-sowing / nursery preparations. Success of Kharif and Rabi irrigation depends upon inflows during June – October period.

An adequate storage of grains and efficient transportation system has reduced cause of deaths but scarcity of water affects all spheres of human . Rainfall received during southwest summer monsoon is main source of water for Indian subcontinent and as well ground water recharge is dependent upon good monsoon. The requirements of and fodder as well as drinking and industrial water are met mainly from water stored during the monsoon period.

1.1 Drought during year 2015-16

During year 2015-16, drought has been declared by states namely Karnataka (both Kharif and Rabi), Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Telangana, Uttar Pradesh (both Kharif and Rabi), Andhra Pradesh, Jharkhand and Rajasthan. Gujarat has also declared some areas as scarcity and some other states have also experienced low rainfall and water scarcity.

To assess the drought situation and to take necessary steps, Ministry of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation vide order no. T- 28021/1/2016-GW Desk dated 25.4.2016 (copy enclosed at Annex I) conveyed constitution of Technical Teams comprising of officers from CWC, CGWB and State Water Resources Department for on the spot study of water situation in drought affected / water scarce regions/areas of Country as and when such situation arises.

Accordingly, vide CWC letter no. CWC/TC/G-12/2015/dated 02.5.2016 all field Chief Engineers were directed to prepare the reports as per TORs mentioned in MoWR RD&GR’ s order dated 25.4.2016 (copy enclosed at Annex II).

Page 3 Earlier Chief Engineer, Human Resources Management, CWC vide No. CE (HRM)/Misc/2016 dated 12.4.16 requested field Chief Engineers to prepare the reports of certain regions facing shortage of water.

Technical Teams constituted by MoWR RD&GR”s as mentioned above, visited various states/regions and submitted their reports.Reports of areas of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu have been received in response to CE, HRM, CWC letter dated 12.4.16.

2.0 Region-wise Drought situation

Central Water Commission is issuing a reservoirs storage bulletin on weekly basis indicating live storage details of 91 reservoirs of the country. These 91 reservoirs have been taken from the different regions and accordingly the drought situation has been analysed on the basis of storage position, rainfall data and other inputs provided in the Region/State/District specific reports mentioned in above Paras.

2.1 Northern Region

As per CWC reservoir monitoring, the northern region includes States of Himachal Pradesh, Punjab and Rajasthan. There are 6 reservoirs under CWC monitoring in northern region having total live storage capacity of 18.01 BCM. The storage position of these six reservoirs on timeline from 30.9.15 to till date on 26.05.16 is given in table below:

LIVE STORAGE AS LIVE STORAGE LIVE STORAGE LIVE STORAGE ON Sept 30 (BCM) AS ON Dec 31 (BCM) AS ON Mar 31 (BCM) AS ON May 26 (BCM)

REGION/ STATE Monitored FRL(BCM) AVG. AVG. AVG. AVG. AVG. YEAR YEAR YEAR YEAR No of Reservoirs Reservoirs No of LIVE CAPACITY AT AT CAPACITY LIVE CURRENT CURRENT CURRENT CURRENT LAST YEAR LAST YEAR LAST YEAR LAST YEAR LAST 10 YRS. LAST 10 YRS. LAST 10 YRS. LAST 10 YRS. H.P. 12.39 2 11.23 10.00 10.77 7.56 6.11 7.17 3.04 3.73 3.70 2.24 4.91 3.17 PUNJAB 2.34 1 1.36 1.46 1.60 0.55 0.96 1.07 0.51 0.99 0.77 0.77 1.96 1.16 RAJASTHAN 3.28 3 2.93 3.24 2.72 1.66 1.83 1.87 0.94 1.04 1.02 0.89 0.84 0.96 SUB-TOTAL 18.01 6 15.52 14.70 15.09 9.76 8.91 10.11 4.48 5.75 5.49 3.91 7.70 5.29

It is clear from the above table that at the end of last monsoon season i.e. as on 30.9.2015, the storage available in the region was higher than storage of last year and average of storage of last ten years, but the storage in Rajasthan and Punjab was less than last year. As per IMD, the rainfall in Northwest India from 1.6.15 to 30.9.15 was 17% deficit from long period average rainfall.

Technical team has prepared a Report on water situation in Rajasthan. The live storage available in 3 reservoirs (out of 91 reservoirs under CWC monitoring) in Rajasthan ,as on 26.05.16 was 0.89 BCM, which is more than the storage available in last year (0.84 BCM), but less than ten year average live storage (0.96 BCM). The summary of report on Rajasthan as mentioned above is given in following Para.

Page 4 2.1.1 Summary of report of Technical Team on Rajasthan

Item Reported status Remark Rainfall in Rajasthan has received 506.8 mm rainfall Considering 2015 against the normal rainfall of 530.1 mm during rainfall during monsoon period, with deviation of -4.49% monsoon of the during the year 2015. year 2015, the Storage Major and medium dams have cumulatively sufficient water Position in received 71.68% water of the full capacity, is available in dams while, minor dams received 42.74% water of the the State. full capacity. Thus, the overall receipt of water However, water in the dams was 69.65% during 2015. scarcity can be Ground water The ground water table is declining deeper and felt in some scenario deeper owing to unchecked exploitation and localized scanty and erratic rainfall pockets of the State which can Short Renovation and repair of existing water be tackled with /Medi distribution system, mass awareness for water active um conservation, flushing and deepening of arrangements to term existing bore wells make available sufficient Long De- of existing water tanks, reservoirs domestic water Term wherever feasible and more water harvesting to the peoples mitigation structures shall be constructed to ensure and live stocks recharging of ground water. of the area. Recommendations for

The detailed report is enclosed at Appendix I.

2.2 Southern Region:

As per CWC reservoir monitoring, the Southern region includes States of Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, AP&TG (2combined projects in both states) Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu. There are 31 reservoirs under CWC monitoring having total live storage capacity of 51.59 BCM. The storage position of these thirty one reservoirs on timeline from 30.9.15 to till date on 26.05.16 is given in table below:

LIVE STORAGE AS LIVE STORAGE LIVE STORAGE LIVE STORAGE ON SEPT 30 (BCM) AS ON Dec 31 (BCM) AS ON Mar 31 (BCM) AS ON May 26 (BCM)

REGION/ STATE Monitored FRL(BCM) AVG. AVG. AVG. AVG. AVG. YEAR YEAR YEAR YEAR No of Reservoirs Reservoirs No of LIVE CAPACITY AT AT CAPACITY LIVE CURRENT CURRENT CURRENT CURRENT LAST YEAR LAST YEAR LAST YEAR LAST YEAR LAST 10 YRS. LAST 10 YRS. LAST 10 YRS. LAST 10 YRS. AP&TG 15.13 2 1.77 7.87 12.56 1.36 2.33 9.00 0.77 2.96 3.79 0.43 2.72 2.79 A.P 1.99 1 0.30 1.08 0.99 1.70 1.13 1.37 0.89 0.36 0.89 0.66 0.31 0.66 TELANGANA 2.92 2 0.34 1.13 2.00 0.27 0.73 1.69 0.23 0.55 0.59 0.21 0.46 0.36

Page 5 KARNATAKA 23.49 14 11.64 20.90 20.35 8.09 14.85 14.65 4.38 6.42 6.29 2.46 7.91 3.83 KERALA 3.83 6 1.87 3.13 2.96 2.47 2.98 2.76 1.47 1.79 1.51 0.87 1.08 0.79 T.N. 4.23 6 1.66 2.48 2.87 2.47 2.64 2.76 0.89 1.36 1.79 0.58 1.38 1.68 SUB-TOTAL 51.59 31 17.59 36.59 41.72 16.38 24.66 32.22 8.62 13.45 14.87 5.21 13.85 10.10

It is clear from the above table that at the end of last monsoon season i.e. as on 30.9.2015, the storage available in the region as whole as well as in individual states was less than storage of last year and average of storage of last ten years. As per IMD, the rainfall in South Peninsular India from 1.6.15 to 30.9.15 was 15% deficit from long period average rainfall.

Technical teams have prepared Reports on water situation in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. Reports have been received for the states of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu in pursuance to Chief Engineer, Human Resources Management, and CWC letter No. CE (HRM)/Misc/2016 dated 12.4.16, and same are also included in this report. The live storage available in 2 reservoirs (out of 91 reservoirs under CWC monitoring) of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana (combined) , as on 26.05.16 is 0.43 BCM, which is less than the storage available last year (2.72 BCM), and also less than ten year average live storage (2.79 BCM). Similarly live storage available in 1 reservoir (out of 91 reservoirs under CWC monitoring) of Andhra Pradesh, as on 26.05.16 is 0.66 BCM, which is more than the storage available last year (0.31 BCM), and equal to ten year average live storage (0.66 BCM). Further live storage available in 2 reservoirs (out of 91 reservoirs under CWC monitoring) of Telangana, as on 26.05.16 is 0.21 BCM, which is less than the storage available in last year (0.46 BCM), and also less than ten year average live storage (0.36 BCM). live storage available in 14 reservoirs (out of 91 reservoirs under CWC monitoring) of Karnataka, as on 26.05.16 is 2.46 BCM, which is less than the storage available in last year (7.91 BCM), and also less than ten year average live storage (3.83 BCM). live storage available in 6 reservoirs (out of 91 reservoirs under CWC monitoring) of Tamil Nadu, as on 26.05.16 is 0.58 BCM, which is less than the storage available in last year (1.38 BCM), and also less than ten year average live storage (1.68 BCM). The summary of reports on Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu as mentioned above is given in following Paras. 2.2.1 Summary of report of Technical Team on Telangana

Item Reported status Remark Rainfall in State received an average annual rainfall 2015-16 of 638.1 mm during the year 2015-16 till March, Seasonal 2016, with the deficit of 28.7% over the normal rainfall data, rainfall of 895.3 mm. An average annual rainfall data of 682.1 mm was received during the year and Ground 2014-15, with the deficit of 25% over the normal Water scenario rainfall of 905.3 mm. during the Storage Gross storage capacity of eight major reservoirs current year Position in in and Godavari basins is 709.14 TMC, shows severe dams and as on 16.4.16 the gross storage available drought and was 294.49 TMC. water crisis in Telangana. Depleting Ground water The average ground water level for the State in ground water scenario the month of March 2016 was14.88m, whereas

Page 6 it was 12.27 m during the same period in the and reservoirs previous year. A fall in average water levels has levels have been observed in all the districts of the entire worsened the State in the ranges from 0.21 m to 5.95 m. The highest fall was observed in . situation further. Short / Renovation and repair of existing water Four Major Mediu distribution system, mass awareness for water reservoirs that m conservation, flushing and deepening of supply water to term existing bore wells , Monitoring cells at State are and District levels and Special drive to complete running dry for on-going Schemes. the first time in Long Excavation of open well to tap 30 years. Term subsurface water in River Godavari at Basar of Mudhole Mandal. New proposed sources needs to beidentified, invariably by conducting hydro-geological investigations and use of HGM maps by NRSA. Recommendations for mitigation

The detailed report is enclosed at Appendix II.

2.2.2 Summary of report on Karnataka

Item Reported status Remark Rainfall in During last rainy season from 1.6.15 to 30.9.15 The 2015 North Karnataka received 357.3 mm rainfall against normal rainfall of 506mm with a deficit scenario in the of -29%. South Karnataka received 607.4 mm state of rainfall against normal rainfall of 660mm with a Karnataka deficit of -8%. particularly in Storage The water levels in KRISHNA RAJA SAGAR North Position in observed mere 25%, Kabini 35%, Hemavathy Karnataka, and dams 14%. Minor Irrigation Tanks way back in in South September, 2015 were facing severe water Karnataka shortage. Data from Karnataka State Natural districts of Disaster Monitoring Center shows that Tumakuru, substantial MI Tanks in North Karnataka was Kolar, already dried up way back in September, 2015 Chikkaballapura itself, particularly, in Vijayapura, Kalaburagi, , Chitradurga Bidar, Bagalkote, Gadag and also in South can be Karnataka districts of Chikkaballapur, Kolar, concluded as Tumakuru, Chamarajanagar etc. grim. Ground water Due to the deficit rainfall since January, 2016, scenario and due to the persistent drought for last 2 years, it can be reasonably concluded that the

Page 7 groundwater tables have plummeted beyond the levels observed way back in 2012 in the state of Karnataka. Short / Renovation and repair of existing water Mediu distribution system, mass awareness for water m conservation, flushing and deepening of term existing bore wells , Long Construction of Water harvesting structures. Term mitigation Recommendations for

The detailed report is enclosed at Appendix III.

2.2.3 Summary of report on Andhra Pradesh

Item Reported status Remark Rainfall in During 2015, - 632.4 mm (+2%), Technical team 2015 -334.6 mm (-18%) rainfall. has observed Storage As on 22.4.16, available storage was about 8% that the situation Position in only. has worsened dams because the Ground water Water levels indicates fall in most parts of irrigation water scenario , Prakasam, , Krishna, west requirement has Godavari, East Godavari and not been districts, in some parts of and curtailed Visakapatnam and in limited parts of other proportionate to districts. the deficit. The scarcity is Short / Government of Andhra Pradesh has taken up because of Mediu Water Conservation Mission Neeru Chettu Sub- deficit rainfall as m Mission under Primary Sector Mission with a well for the want term vision to make the State a drought proof State. of better water State Govt have to take up de-silting operations management in large water bodies (Reservoirs) on priority as practices. an annual practice. State Govt. has prepared artificial recharge plans, Technology Upgradation / Micro Irrigation System, Regular monitoring of drinking water situation will be continued on daily basis at State Level. For mitigation of rural , A summer

Recommendations for mitigation contingency plan is prepared for tackling drinking water problem in rural areas

Page 8 Long Inter-linking of rivers, alternate less Term water consuming crops are to be promoted.

The detailed report is enclosed at Appendix IV.

2.2.4 Summary of report on Tamil Nadu. Item Reported status Remark Rainfall in For the period 1.1.16 to 20.4.16 rainfall have As per the 2015 been 11.5 mm against normal rainfall of 74.1 information mm, and hence for this period rainfall deficit was available, T.N. 84.48% Govt has not Storage Overall position of current live storage of the 8 declared any Position in important reservoirs in Tamil Nadu is better area as drought dams than the year 2013 and 2014 due to excess affected this rainfall during current North East monsoon year. season, but as on 25th April 2016 it is 41.89 % However from less than that of year 2015 due to 84.48 % of the rainfall deficit rainfall during the Non monsoon season. pattern and Ground water Ground Water Board report on Dynamic storage position scenario Ground Water Resources –2011, 33% of the in reservoirs, it blocks in the State are in over exploited is evident that category many districts in

Short / construction of minor irrigation schemes, the State are Mediu facing water m term , RRR of water bodies and ation on-farm increase in water use efficiency scarcity g Long lift irrigation schemes, intra-basin water situation

miti Term dations for Recommen transfers,

The detailed report is enclosed at Appendix V.

2.3 Central Region:

As per CWC reservoir monitoring, the Central region includes States of Uttar Pradesh, , Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh. There are 12 reservoirs in Central Region under CWC monitoring having total live storage capacity of 42.30 BCM. The storage position of these twelve reservoirs on timeline from 30.9.15 to till date on 26.05.16 is given in table below:

Page 9 LIVE STORAGE LIVE STORAGE AS LIVE STORAGE LIVE STORAGE AS ON May 26 ON Sept 30 (BCM) AS ON Dec 31 (BCM) AS ON Mar 31 (BCM) (BCM) REGION/ STATE Monitored FRL(BCM) AVG. AVG. AVG. AVG. AVG. YEAR YEAR YEAR YEAR No of Reservoirs Reservoirs No of CURRENT CURRENT CURRENT CURRENT LIVE CAPACITY AT AT CAPACITY LIVE LAST YEAR LAST YEAR LAST YEAR LAST YEAR LAST 10 YRS. LAST 10 YRS. LAST 10 YRS. LAST 10 YRS. U.P. 6.36 2 2.60 3.34 3.46 2.26 2.41 2.48 1.37 1.66 1.65 1.05 1.36 0.86

UTTARAKHAND 4.81 2 3.94 4.23 3.63 2.87 3.66 3.21 0.62 2.12 1.55 0.19 1.62 0.75 M.P. 27.32 6 23.56 24.36 19.41 17.18 18.90 13.61 10.06 11.19 7.36 7.21 8.85 4.27 CHHATISGARH 3.81 2 2.38 3.48 3.04 1.71 3.29 2.59 1.53 2.85 2.08 1.13 2.29 1.62

SUB-TOTAL 42.30 12 32.48 35.41 29.54 24.02 28.26 21.89 13.58 17.81 12.64 9.59 14.12 7.50

It is clear from the above table that at the end of last monsoon season i.e. as on 30.9.2015, the storage available in the region was less than storage of last year but more than average of storage of last ten years. However, the storage in Uttar Pradesh (Drought declared) was less than last year as well as average of last 10 years. As per IMD, the rainfall in Central India from 1.6.15 to 30.9.15 was 16% deficit from long period average rainfall. Technical teams have prepared Reports on water situation in Uttar Pradesh, and a separate report for Bundelkhand Region, consisting seven districts of Uttar Pradesh and six districts of Madhya Pradesh. The live storage available in 2 reservoirs (out of 91 reservoirs under CWC monitoring) of Uttar Pradesh, as on 26.05.2016 is 1.05 BCM, which is less than the storage available last year (1.36 BCM), but more than ten year average live storage (0.86 BCM). Storage position in Matatila reservoir which falls in Bundelkhand region has declined to 10%of the live storage capacity at FRL as on 26.5.2016 as compared to 68% during last year. The summary of report on UP and Bundelkhand as mentioned above is given in following Para. 2.3.1 Summary of report on Uttar Pradesh

Item Reported status Remark Rainfall in Rainfall during the monsoon season in the year The data with 2015 2015 in about 50 districts was between 12.9% respect to to 59.8% of the normal monsoon rainfall. 20 out Rainfall in 2015 and live storage of above 50 districts received less than 60% of as on 31.3.2016 normal rainfall during monsoon-2014 also. in Storage As on 31.3.2016, there was no water left in 26 various Position in reservoirs out of 69 reservoirs of Uttar Pradesh, reservoirs dams which include 7 reservoirs in Blarampur district clearly shows only. Out of 10 reservoirs in Mirzapur district, 7 that some of the reservoirs are reported to have left with only 5% districts are under scarcity of or less than their designed storage capacity. surface water Ground water 58 blocks have been categorized as “Over- scenario exploited”, 44 as “Critical”, 52 as “Semi-critical” and 385 as “Safe”. Majority of the wells (~68%) show decline in water level from pre-monsoon 2014 to pre-monsoon 2015. About 82% wells show annual fall in water levels during post- monsoon

Page 10 Short / Promotion of artificial recharge - rain water Mediu harvesting through construction of check dams, m farm ponds etc; Promotion of drip and sprinkler term irrigation; Repair, Renovation and Restoration (RRR) of Water Bodies Long Timely completion of ongoing and proposed mitigation Term Major / Medium / Minor surface water projects Recommendations for

The detailed report is enclosed at Appendix VI.

2.3.2 Summary of report on Bundelkhand Item Reported status Remark Rainfall in 2015 The rainfall during the period from 1.6.15 to Bundelkhand 30.9.15 in Bundelkhand was 760.6 mm with Region is deficit of 14%. Rainfall deficit in year 2014 severely was 12%. affected by Storage Position Out of 32 reservoirs, no water is left in 16 drought. in dams reservoirs whereas 14 reservoirs are left with only 9% or less than 9% of their designed capacity. Ground water 55% of the monitoring wells located in parts scenario of U.P. show decline trend in water level ranging between 0.01 and 1.05 m/yr whereas 45% of the wells show rising trend in the range of 0.0 and 0.66 m/yr. In the M.P. part, it is reported that 65% of the wells show declining trend in water level ranging between 0.004 and 0.76 m/yr. Short / Promotion of rain water harvesting through Medium construction of check dams, farm ponds etc, term drip and sprinkler irrigation to improve water use efficiency, RRR of Water Bodies Long Ken Betwa Link which is under pipeline and Term Arjun Sahayak Pariyojana, an ongoing project (presently Priority II project under AIBP) be

mitigation taken up in a time bound manner. Apart from the above, the medium and short term measures recommended by the MoWR Recommendations for team in December, 2015 may also be implemented urgently.

The detailed report is enclosed at Appendix VII.

Page 11

2.4 Eastern Region:

As per CWC reservoir monitoring, the Eastern region includes States of Jharkhand, Odisha, and Tripura. There are 15 reservoirs under CWC monitoring having total live storage capacity of 18.83 BCM in Eastern Region. The storage position of these twelve reservoirs on timeline from 30.9.15 to till date on 26.05.16 is given in table below:

LIVE STORAGE AS LIVE STORAGE LIVE STORAGE LIVE STORAGE ON Sept 30 (BCM) AS ON Dec 31 (BCM) AS ON Mar 31 (BCM) AS ON May 26 (BCM)

REGION/ STATE Monitored FRL(BCM) AVG. AVG. AVG. AVG. AVG. YEAR YEAR YEAR YEAR No of Reservoirs Reservoirs No of CURRENT CURRENT CURRENT CURRENT LIVE CAPACITY AT AT CAPACITY LIVE LAST YEAR LAST YEAR LAST YEAR LAST YEAR LAST 10 YRS. LAST 10 YRS. LAST 10 YRS. LAST 10 YRS. JHARKHAND 1.79 6 1.10 1.37 1.25 0.75 1.12 1.14 0.55 0.78 0.82 0.38 0.59 0.52 ODISHA 15.33 7 11.35 13.19 12.48 9.56 12.10 11.28 6.15 8.20 6.73 3.45 5.59 3.07 W. BENGAL 1.39 2 0.52 0.74 0.88 0.32 0.35 0.59 0.31 0.32 0.33 0.25 0.26 0.18 TRIPURA 0.31 1 0.31 0.14 0.16 0.24 0.04 0.10 0.15 0.00 0.03 0.14 0.02 0.03 SUB-TOTAL 18.83 15 13.28 15.44 14.77 10.87 13.61 13.09 7.15 9.30 7.90 4.22 6.47 3.80

It is clear from the above table that at the end of last monsoon season i.e. as on 30.9.2015, the storage available in the region was less than storage of last year and then average of storage of last ten years. However, in Tripura reservoir, the storage at the end of last monsoon season i.e. as on 30.9.2015 was more than storage of last year and then average of storage of last ten years As per IMD, the rainfall in East & Northeast India from 1.6.15 to 30.9.15 was 8% deficit from long period average rainfall. All the major reservoirs in Jharkhand, the record of which is available with CWC has the water level well above the MDDL by an average of 12.6 feet. This indicates that situation has not gone beyond control but only warrants judicious utilization of available water before the onset of Monsoon season 2016. Technical teams have prepared Reports on water situation in Odisha. The live storage available in 6 reservoirs (out of 91 reservoirs under CWC monitoring) of Jharkhand, as on 26.05.2016 was 0.38 BCM, which is less than the storage available last year (0.59 BCM) and ten year average live storage (0.52 BCM). Live storage available in 7 reservoirs (out of 91 reservoirs under CWC monitoring) of Odisha, as on 26.05.2016 was 3.45 BCM, which is less than the storage available last year (5.59 BCM) but more than ten year average live storage (3.07 BCM). The summary of reports on Jharkhand and Odisha as mentioned above is given in following Para.

2.4.1 Summary of report on Champua and Harichandpur blocks of Keonjhar, Odisha Item Reported status Remark Rainfall in Champua received a rainfall of 638.9 mm, (-) Besides deficit 2015 58% deviation from Normal and in rainfall, other Harichandanpur received a scanty rainfall of factors like non- 430.7 mm (-)63.9% deviation from Normal availability of during the monsoon period from 1st June, 2015 potential deep to 31st October, 2015. /fracture

Page 12 Storage Not reported. The drying of the Musal river has s in hard rock; Position in happened only during this summer for the first barren and bad- dams time. topography Ground water leading to scenario Deficit rainfall has definitely affected the depth ; high to water level in the wells. In Champua, the siltation in depth of a tube well (generally fitted with hand ponds/tanks/ pumps) hand pumps are normally about 60 m face water while that of production bore well is ~150 m. In bodies; high Harichandpur The depth of a tube well slope and (generally fitted with hand pumps) are normally undulating land about 60 m while that of production bore well is leading to high ~150 m. runoff; non- Short / The ways include practicing the water availability of Mediu conservation techniques in daily life, increasing enough surface m the availability of water through minimizing the water runoff term . The additional availability can be retention stored in aquifers, reservoirs and sumps. structures, and Long For Champua block, possibility of constructing a lack of Term minor irrigation project at a suitable location at awareness Aradei River (tributary of the major Baitarini among people River). for water For harichandpur block, possibility of conservation constructing a minor irrigation project at a largely suitable location at musal river (tributary of the attributed to

Recommendations for mitigation major baitarini River) needs to be explored, water scarcity. artificial recharge measures

The detailed report is enclosed at Appendix VIII.

2.5 Western Region:

As per CWC reservoir monitoring, Western region includes States of Gujarat and Maharashtra. There are 27 reservoirs under CWC monitoring having total live storage capacity of 27.07 BCM in Western Region. The storage position of these 27 reservoirs on timeline from 30.9.15 to till date on 26.05.16 is given in table below:

LIVE STORAGE AS LIVE STORAGE LIVE STORAGE LIVE STORAGE ON Sept 30 (BCM) AS ON Dec 31 (BCM) AS ON Mar 31 (BCM) AS ON May 26 (BCM)

REGION/ STATE Monitored FRL(BCM) AVG. AVG. AVG. AVG. AVG. YEAR YEAR YEAR YEAR No of Reservoirs Reservoirs No of LIVE CAPACITY AT AT CAPACITY LIVE CURRENT CURRENT CURRENT CURRENT LAST YEAR LAST YEAR LAST YEAR LAST YEAR LAST 10 YRS. LAST 10 YRS. LAST 10 YRS. LAST 10 YRS. GUJARAT 13.00 10 10.16 10.83 10.84 6.57 7.96 8.84 3.46 5.64 6.06 2.87 4.47 4.07 MAH. 14.07 17 6.67 11.65 11.68 4.50 8.42 9.67 2.36 5.23 5.78 1.02 2.51 3.01 SUB- 27.07 27 16.83 22.48 22.52 11.07 16.38 18.51 5.82 10.87 11.83 3.90 6.98 7.08 TOTAL

Page 13 It is clear from the above table that at the end of last monsoon season i.e. as on 30.9.2015, the storage available in the region was less than storage of last year and then average of storage of last ten years. As per IMD, the rainfall in Northwest India from 1.6.15 to 30.9.15 was 17% deficit from long period average rainfall. Technical committees have prepared Reports on water situation in Gujarat and Maharashtra. The live storage available in 10 reservoirs (out of 91 reservoirs under CWC monitoring) of Gujarat, as on 26.05.2016 was 2.87 BCM, which is less than the storage available last year (4.47 BCM) and ten year average live storage (4.07 BCM). The live storage available in 17 reservoirs (out of 91 reservoirs under CWC monitoring) of Maharashtra, as on 26.05.2016 was 1.02 BCM, which is less than the storage available last year (2.51 BCM), but more than ten year average live storage (3.01 BCM). The summary of report on Gujarat and Maharashtra as mentioned above is given in following Para.

2.5.1 Summary of report on Gujarat

Item Reported status Remark Rainfall in The south west monsoon rainfall was about 2015 82% of long term average during the year 2015. As per the Previously monsoon 2014 was also below resolution of normal in major basins of the State. Revenue Storage As per Water Resources Department , Govt of Department of Position in Gujarat the status of reservoirs as on 15th April 18th April 2016, dams was as under: there is no Overall at State Level 26.35 % village under North Gujarat -25.59% drought Central Gujarat – 31.12% condition. South Gujarat- 30.35% However, 994 Kutch Region- 22.06% of 25 And Saurashtra region- 9.37% Talukas under 5 Districts are Ground water declared to be scenario Decline in Ground water level is observed in some parts due to over exploitation owing to under semi increase demand for irrigation, industrial and drought other purposes. Due to poor / scanty rainfall in condition as per many areas the aquifers are not getting the resolution of recharged. Moreover the aquifers in the costal Revenue areas exhibit poor ground Department, because of salinity ingress. Govt. of Gujarat. .

Short / As a mitigating measures, Govt of Gujarat has Medium term reserved 56 reservoirs for drinking purpose only, out of which the water supply can be made for 03 months from 34 reservoires, less than 01 month from 05nos, Nil in 12 reservoirs and not lifting from 04 nos. and 01 based on Narmada Project. In addition Govt of Gujarat has also s for mitigation

Recommendation implemented the scheme SAUNI YOJNA

Page 14 (Saurashtra Narmada Avtaran Irrigation Yojana) under which Narmada water are fetched from Sardar Sarovar canal system to parched area of Saurastra and Kachchh.. Long A total area of 19407 Sq. km has been Term identified feasible for artificial recharge in different districts of the state. The project for Inter linking of rivers, where Draft Project Report (DPR) is completed should be implemented expeditiously - Damanganga – Pinjal Link ; Par – Tapi – Narmada Link ; Damanganga – Sabarmati-Chorvad Link ; Rajasthan – Sabarmati Link

The detailed report is enclosed at Appendix IX.

2.5.2 Summary of report on Region and Division of Region of Maharashtra

2.5.2.1 Marathwada Region:

Item Reported status Remark Rainfall in The average rainfall in the region is 779 mm. The Jayakwadi 2015 However, during 2012 and 2013 the actual ( which is rainfall was 538.28 mm and 854.37 mm considered the respectively. Whereas, the rainfall during 2014 lifeline of the was 414.03 mm which was 53% of the average Marathwada) rainfall and during 2015 it was 433.64 mm which having a was 56% of the average rainfall of the region. projected gross Storage In Marathwada Region of Maharashtra, there storage of 2171 Position in are 11 major projects having projected storage MCM with dead dams of 5143 MCM and 75 medium projects having storage of 738 934.57 MCM. Only 15% of live storage was MCM, has no available during October 2015 whereas on live storage. 22.4.2016 it was just 2.59% of the live storage. There was 8 projects have no water storage which could be substantial utilized for drinking or domestic purposes. reduction in the Ground water The total 11 talukas of , 8 talukas in agricultural scenario , 5 talukas in and production and districts has decreased ground water level productivity. by more than 3 meters in January 2016. The reduction in yield has been reported to the extent of 70%.

Page 15 Short / Immediate need of the drinking water is being Latur city has Medium term fulfilled through 3032 tankers in various districts been identified of the Marathwada region. The highest number as “very severe” of tankers has been deployed in district under scarcity

followed by Jalna, Osmanabad and Latur. action plan Long WRD, Govt. of Maharashtra has suggested to whereas 5 Term complete the Krishna-Marathwada Irrigation talukas of Latur, Project. 15 number of barrages on Godavari Beed and river and 20 number of barrages on Manjra- Osmanabad Terna river. 14 TMC of shared from have been Godavari basin to Krishna basin for Polavaram identified under project, to be diverted above Nagarjun Sagar “severe” Dam from Krishna basin to Godavari basin for category the use in Latur, Osmanabad and Beed districts under Manjra Sub basin. Diversion of about 6 TMC water by gravity from Upper Vaitarna to Godavari basin from Kokan region.

Recommendations for mitigation Diversion of about 30 TMC water from Wainganga, Pranhita and Indravati from Vidarbha region of Maharashtra to Manjra dam. Diversion of water from west flowing rivers of the tune of 80 TMC to Godavari basin.

The detailed report is enclosed at Appendix X.

2.5.2.2 division of Vidarbha Region:

Item Reported status Remark Rainfall in The average rainfall in the region is Govt. of 2015 697.33 mm, during 2015 rainfall of 636.14 mm Maharashtra, occurred. Further, it has also been reported that informed that the the rainfall was erratic and deficit causing water drought and acute shortage of water situation in requirement of the region. various districts Storage In Amravati region there are 3 major and 38 of the Amravati Position in medium water resources projects. The total region at present dams number of projects including major, medium, is being fulfilled minor and lift irrigation schemes are 383. In through tankers, addition to this, 191 major, medium and minor acquisition of and LIS are ongoing, many of which are being wells, and utilized for storage of water and other works. existing water The present live storage available in the major storage bodies project is 10% whereas in medium project it is and water for

Page 16 9.79% of the total live storage. In the minor irrigation has projects, the available live storage is 6.3% of the been reserved total live storage. for drinking purposes.

Ground water scenario Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) reported that the negative fluctuation in the water level for the period January 2016 with reference to the decadal mean of January 2006-2015 was observed to be in the range of 0 to more than 4 m in Amravati region particularly in Amravati, and Short / Under ‘’ of State Govt., Medium Watershed works, renovation and repair of

term Nalla,, Rejuvenation of old structures,Repairing of existing minor irrigation structures (KT Weir), Repairing, Renovation & Restoration (RRR) of percolation tanks, minor irrigation tanks, Desiltation of percolation tank/village tank/stocking tank/Shivkalin tank/British tank/Nizam tank/Matinala Bund, Remedies for potential use of major and medium projects, Implementation of Nala/River Connection projects, Well/Bore well recharge,drip/sprinkler irrigation, Strengthening of drinking water sources, Strengthening of water use co- operative societies are being done. Long WRD, Govt. of Maharashtra has suggested to Term complete various ongoing projects of Water

Recommendations for mitigation Resources Department like Jigaon Major Project and Bembla Major Project.

The detailed report is enclosed at Appendix X.

Page 17 3.0 Overall Water Scarcity scenario in country and Recommendations for Solutions

From above figures and facts reported, it can be seen that water scarcity situation is prevailing in the country, but Some pockets like Marathwada in Maharashtra, Bundelkhand in U.P.& MP, Telangana and Andhra Pradesh are more affected by water scarcity situation. It has been informed by technical teams that main cause of water scarcity in country is consecutive failure of monsoon, resulting low storages in dams, during last two years. Rainfall deficit in country as a whole during 2015 was 14% and in 2014 it was 12%. Earlier, year 2012 was also a rainfall deficit year with 11% deficit. Consecutive less rainfall also resulted less carryover storage in reservoirs. At the end of last monsoon season i.e. as on 30.9.2015, available live storage in 91 reservoirs under CWC monitoring was 95.693 BCM against the total live capacity of 157.799 BCM of these 91 reservoirs. While as on 30.9.2014, available live storage was 124.607 BCM, and as on 30.9.2013, it was 137.077 BCM. As per reservoir storage bulletin dated 26.05.16, reservoirs namely Nagarjuna Sagar [A. P. & Telangana]; Bhima (Ujjaini), Jayakwadi, Girna, Dudhganga and Yeldari [Maharashtra]; Kabini [Karnataka], Sholayar [Tamil Nadu] have no live storage.

By and large, storage dams are owned, constructed and maintained and operated by the respective State Government. The respective state Governments, depending on their priority and resources, formulate water storage schemes to ensure water availability during lean period/season for meeting various demands. IMD predicted below normal seasonal rainfall during monsoon 2015 and looking to IMD forecast for below normal seasonal rain fall during monsoon -2015, the Chairman, CWC had issued an advisory on 2nd June 2015 to the concerned Engineer-in-Chief of State Governments suggesting as under:  Under the circumstances, there is an urgent need to utilize the available water resources prudently to tide over any possible water shortage in days to come.  It would be prudent to assess the storage position in respect of projects under your jurisdiction and assess the water availability prior to monsoon.  Keeping IMD forecast in view, the total water availability in the oncoming monsoon can be assessed and drinking water and irrigation allocations may be planned accordingly so that available water of 2015-16 hydrologic year may last fully without causing distress  Plan for judicious use of surface water, deploy ground water resources to tide over shortages and also make contingency plans for adequate water for animal use for handling the distress.  Also, while planning the cropping patterns for the oncoming agricultural season(s), the strategy for avoiding water intensive crops to the extent required may be chalked out in consultation with the relevant expert departments.  To make district level contingency plans against each reservoir to handle the likely drought situation in your State especially ensuring drinking water for population and animals for the entire year 2015-16.

Copy of said advisory dated 2nd June 2015, is given at Annex III.

Page 18

Further, looking to low storage in reservoirs, Chairman, CWC has issued an advisory on 12th April, 2016 to the concerned Engineer-in-Chief of State Governments suggesting as under:

 to assess the storage position in respect of their projects and assess the water availability so that drinking water and irrigation allocations are planned accordingly and available water may last fully without causing distress till onset of monsoon 2016.  to plan for judicious use of surface water, deploy ground water resources to tide over shortages and also make contingency plans for adequate water for animal use for handling the distress.  to make district level contingency plans against each reservoir to handle any likely drought situation State especially ensuring drinking water for population and animals before receiving monsoon 2016 . Copy of said advisory dated 12th April, 2016, is given at Annex IV.

However, it has been informed by the technical teams that at almost all places minimum domestic water requirements are being met through importing water from other regions, if required; by digging local deep bore wells and also by tankers. As per newspaper reports, in some areas, water has been made available from far areas by train wagons also. Ground water levels have been reported as falling in almost all regions of the country due to over exploitations and inadequate recharging mechanism for ground water. However, no specific observation on water quality has been reported at most of the areas except in Gujarat, where problem of salinity in coastal areas has been reported.

This year, IMD has issued long range forecast for the 2016 Southwest Monsoon Season Rainfall on 2nd June, 2016 predicting quantitatively monsoon seasonal rainfall 106% of long period average with a model error +/- 5%. Hence water scarcity situation is expected to improve in coming months.

Various long/short term measures (being taken up and to be taken up) to mitigate water scarcity situation have been recommended by technical committees, which are region/area/state specific. However, construction of water harvesting structures, mass awareness among citizens for water conservation, construction of new water storage structures, interlinking of rivers, renovation and repair of existing water bodies are commonly recommended measures. In some areas like Marathwada of Maharashtra, Bundelkhand of UP & MP interlinking projects have been recommended. Water budgeting and planning the cropping patterns for the oncoming agricultural season(s), the strategy for avoiding water intensive crops to the extent in consultation with the relevant expert departments are also crucial for checking such situation. Micro irrigation (sprinkler and drip) should be adopted to achieve more crops per drop.

To control the situation and secure the future, steps have been taken by the ministry of Water Resources given as under:-

Page 19

1. Technical and financial assistance to the State Governments through various schemes AIBP, RRR etc.

2. Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY) has been launched with an aim to enhance physical access of water on farm and expand cultivable area under assured irrigation, improve on farm water use efficiency, introduce sustainable water conservation practices etc.

3. Funding of MMI (Major and medium irrigation/multipurpose irrigation) projects under PMKSY-AIBP and RRR of Water Bodies schemes, Surface Minor Irrigation (SMI) projects and Command Area Development and Water Management (CADWM) projects under PMKSY-HarKhet Ko Pani (HKKP).

4. Ministry has identified 99 projects under Accelerated Irrigation Benefit Programe (AIBP) to be completed by 2020.

5. Awareness campaign launched by the Ministry to promote conservation of water at all levels. Society should be made aware through mass awareness programmes about the value of water and need to use it judiciously and for water protection in sustainable manner.

The State Govts /UTs have cooperated in Jal Kranti Abhiyan (2015-16 to 2017-18) of MoWR RD and GR launched to consolidate efforts for making water conservation and management a mass movement in the country involving all stakeholders. At macro level, the Inter Linking of Rivers to transfer water from surplus basins to deficit basins needs to be implemented.

***********************

Page 20 Annex I

Page 21 Annex II 3lT«l .fH cf> F{ ~ ~ 3m:ITTT Central Water Commission ct c:f>crl~ ch'! {i tH crq JGf Technical Coordination Directorate

~ : CWC/TC/G-12/2015/ Date: 02.05.2016 OOH, All Field Chief Engineer of ewe (As per list attached)

~: On the spot study of water situation in drought affected areas of country by technical team comprising of officers from ewe and CGWB

In continuation of this Office earlier email dated 26.4.2014 on the above subject, It is mentioned that: 1. ewe may co-ordinate the "On The Spot Study". 2. Director(M&A)/ Director(M)/ Director(A) in-charge of the CAD Cell for the state will act as "Regional Director of CWC" for the concerned State. 3. Concerned Field Chief Engineer may nornjnate one of the officer from his organisation to as hydrologist as per requirement. 4. In case of States for which Status Report has already been submitted, it may be ensured that the ToRs as mentioned in MoWR's Order are fulfilled. Else, a revised report may be submitted as per ToRs. For reference the ToRs are indicated as below: (i) To analyse the problem and causes leading to such situations. (ii) Identify water resources management challenges. (iii) Identify gaps in water information and identify plans to recharge. (iv) To identify long term solutions. (v) Protection, management and restoration of water bodies. 5. A Work Plan for possible option for prolonged strategy may also be prepared as indicated in the order. 6. Timeline for submission of report may be adhered to. This issues with the approval of Chairman, ewe. ~.

sifc:lfc.lfct : Chief Engineer(IMO), ewe

cfi'1l'TI 327(?:), *'=n" mr.:r, JITT'. ~ . ~• .:if ~ - 110 066 '*· - - .:, ~ - 91-11 -26102939, 91-11 -26195287; ~ - 91-11 -26105822; $'-mr: tcodte@nic. in Page 22 Annex III

'l,ffif fficITTx ~~3WWT ~- ~- 4'5lll ~ ~. .:rcft fclcpm A. B. Pandya 3fix 1T1TT marur ~ ~a, ~ -;,o 315 (~). ~ ~ 3l"R. ~- ~· ~ ~-110066 ~ ~ ·H~q, 'mW flx451'Delhi-110066 F.NO. 4/57/92/2011-WMDte/ 2,10- C,06 Dated 2"d June, 2015

Sub: Judicious use of available water in view of forecast of below normal rainfall by IMD during monsoon, 2015.

Sir,

As you may be aware, as per the forecast made by IMO, the monsoon seasonal rainfall is likely to be below normal i.e. 88% of the long period average (LPA) during monsoon -2015 .

Under the circumstances, there is an urgent need to utilize the available water resources prudently to tide over any possible water shortage in days to come.

As per review of status of storage position of 91 important reservoirs being monitored by ewe as 1 on 28 " May, 2015, the live storage availability is 43 .14 BeM in these reservoirs which is 27 % of their total live storage capacity. This storage is 97 % of the storage of corresponding period of last year and 136 % of the average storage of last ten years. Though the study covers large reservoirs across the country, there may be pockets of areas which may not have adequate carry over storage. It would be prudent to assess the storage position in respect of projects under your jurisdiction and assess the water availability prior to monsoon. Keeping the forecast of IMO for the specific geographical region concerning your jurisdiction in view, the total water availability in the oncoming monsoon can be assessed and drinking water and irrigation allocations may be pl anned accordingly so that available water of 2015-16 hydro logic year may iast fully without causing distress. You may plan for judicious use of surface water, deploy ground water resources to tide over shortages and also make contingency plans for adequate water for animal use for handling the distress.

Also, while planning the cropping patterns for the oncoming agricultural season(s), the strategy for avoiding water intensive crops to the extent required may be chalked out in consultation with the relevant expert departments.

You are also requested to make district level contingency plans against each reservoir to handle the likely drought situation in your State especially ensuring drinking water for population and animals for the entire year 2015-16.

I would request you to take appropriate action in the matter to avoid any likely distress to the people.

(A. B. Pandyc,) Chairman

TEL. (0): +91-11-26108855, 26195415 • FAX (0): +91-11-26108614 •E-mail: [email protected] 23 To,

I. Engineer-in-Chief(l&CAD),Errum Manzi), Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh. 2. Engineer-in-Chief(lrrigation), I&CAD, Hyderabad, Telangana. 3. Engineer-in-Chief, (I&FCD), Govt. of , Secretariat Complex, Itanagar Arunachal Pradesh -971 111 4 · · Engineer-in-Chief, Irrigation Department Block, Govt. of , Assam Complex, Dispur, Gt.:wahati, Assam 781006. 5. Engineer-iq-Chief(North),Government of ,Sinchai Bhawan,Patna - 800015. 5. Engineer-in-Chief(South),Government of Bihar,Sinchai Bhawan,Patna - 800 015. 6. Engineer-in-Chief, Water Resources Deptt., Government of Chhattishgarh,. Sihava Bhavan, Civil Lines, Raipur-492011. 7. Engineer-in-Chief, Narmada Water Resources & Water Supply Department, Government of Gujarat, 151 Floor, Block No-9, New Sachivalaya complex, Gandhinagar-382010. 8. Chief Engineer, Irrigation Department, Govt. of , llnd Floor, Junta House(Annexe),Panaji, GOA. 9. Engineer -in-Chie1~ Irrigation and Water Resources Deptt., Sichai Bhawan, Sector-5, Panchkula, Chandigarh-I 60017. 10. Engineer-in-Chief, !PH Deptt. Govt. ofHimachal Pradesh, U.S. Club, Shimla-171001. 11. Engineer -in-Chief, Irrigation & Control, Irrigation Complex, Canal , Jam mu. 12. Engineer-in-Chief. Water Resources Deptt. Government of Jharkhand, Nepal House, Ranch i-834002 13. Engineer-in-Chief, WRDO, Govt. of Karnataka, Anandrao Circle, - 560009. 14. Chief Engineer ,(Irrigation), Govt. of Kerala, Secretariat,Tri'1andrum-695001. 15. Engineer-in-Chiet~ Water Resources Deptt. , Govt of , New Secretariate Bdikling, 1-\izwal-79600 l 16. Engineer-in-Chief, Irrigation Deptt., Govt of Maharashtra, Mantralaya, -400032 17. Engineer-in-Chief. Irrigation and Flood Control Deptt., Government of Delhi, 5/9 Under Hill Road, Delhi-110054 18. Engineer-in-Chief, IFCD Government of , Secretariat Building, Imphal, Manipur-795001 19. Engineer-in-Chiet: Irrigation Deptt., Government of Complex , Cleve Colony, Meghalaya, Shillong-79300 I 20. Engineer-in-Chief, Water Resources Department, Govt. of Madhya Pradesh, Jal Sansadhan Bhavan, Tulsi Nagar, Bhopal -462003. 21. Engineer-in-Chiet: Irrigation and Flood Control Deptt., Government of Nagaland, New Secretariat Building, Kohima -797001 22. Engineer -in-Chief, Water Resources, Govt. of Orissa, Sechasadana, Keshari Nagar,Bhubaneshwar-75100 I. 23. Engineer-in-Chief, Irrigation & Power Deptt. , Government of Punjab, Secretariat, Chandigarh , 160017 24. Engineer-in-Chief, Irrigation Department, Government of Rajasthan, Secretariat, Jaipur- 302001

Page 24 25. Engineer-in-Chief, Irrigation & Flood Control Department Government of , Nirman Bhawan, Gangtok-737101 26. Engineer-in-Chief, (Water Resources Organisation, PWD), Chepuk, Chennai-600005. 27. Engineer-in-Chief, (Irrigation & PWD), Government of Tripura, Secretariat Complex, Agartala -79900 I 28. Engineer-in-Chief, Irrigation Deptt., Government of Uttar Pradesh, Sinchai Bhawan, Cant Road, Lucknow - 226001 29. Engineer-in-Chief, Irrigation Deptt. , Government of Uttarakhand Yamuna Colony, Dehradun - 24800 l 30. Engineer-in-Chief, Irrigation& Waterways, Writer's Buiiding, Govt. of West Bengal , Kolkata - 70000 I

Copy for information to :

Ministry of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation

I. Sr. PPS to Secretary, MoWR, RD&GR Shram Shakti Bhavan, New Delhi. 2. Addi. Secretary, MoWR,RD&GR, Shram Shakti Bhavan, New Delhi. 3. Joint Secretary (PP), Mo WR, RD&GR, Sh ram Shakti Bhavan, New Delhi 4. Commissioner (Peninsular Rivers), Mo WR, RD&GR, New Delhi.

Deptt. of Agriculture & Co-operation

1. Secretary, Deptt. of Agriculture & Co-operation, Krishi Bhavan, New Delhi-110001

Central Water Commission

1. PPS to Member (WP&P), CWC. 2. All field Chief Engineers of CWC.

·,

Page 25 Annex IV

IDT ~ ffiqj"lx ~~- ~ ~. ~ vf(1' 3ITTrtTT vl'c1 "ffmu;:f' ~ fctq;-m ~- S. JHA 3ft~ 7l7TT ~~elUT .:r~ 3fUJai cf>lffi ,'fo 315 (G), "TicfT ~ ~ ~ ~. +TT~ {1"<4>1~ 31H. ci> . T11, -ft ~-110066 ~ u1?flf Chairman Government of India & Ex-Officio Secretary to the Govt. of India Central Water Commission Ministry of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation Room No. 315 (S) , Sewa Bhawan R. K. Puram , New Delhi-110066 F.NO. 4/57/92/2011-WMDte/ /32- / 9 9 Dated J'l- April, 2016

Sub: Judicious use of available water in view of low storage position of reservoirs.

Sir,

As you may be aware that country is facing water stress condition in some of the areas, largely on account of low rainfall during previous years.

Due to low storage at the end of previous monsoon, storage in some of the major reservoirs under ewe monitoring has come down to an alarming level in some of the reservoirs. Besides, a few namely Nagarjuna Sagar, Bhima (Ujjani), Jayakwadi (Paithon) and Girna have zero live storage. Under the circumstances, there is an urgent need to utilize the available water resources prudently to tide over any possible water shortage in days to come.

As per review of status of storage position of 91 important reservoirs being monitored by ewe as on 1 07 " April, 2016, the live storage availability is 37.92 BeM in these reservoirs which is 24 % of their total live storage capacity. Th is storage is 69% of the storage of corresponding period of last year and 77% of the average storage of last ten years. Though the study covers large reservoirs across the country, there may be pockets of areas which may not have adequate carry over storage. lt would be prudent to assess the storage position in respect of projects under your jurisdiction and assess the water availability so that drinking water and irrigation allocations are planned accordingly and available water may last fully without causing distress till onset of monsoon 2016. You may plan for judicious use of surface water, deploy ground water resources to tide over shortages and also make contingency plans for adequate water for animal use for handling the distress.

You are also requested to make district level contingency plans against each reservoir to handle any likely drought situation in your State especially ensuring drinking water for population and animals before receiving monsoon 2016 rains.

I would request you to take appropriate action in the matter to avoid any likely distress to the people.

Yours sincerely,

c,J <--

Page 26 TEL. (0) : +91-11-26715351, 26195415 , FAX (0) : +91-11-26108614 , E-mail : [email protected] '"'-"

L To,

1. Engineer-in-Chief (I&CAD), Errum Manzil, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh. 2. Engineer-in-Chief (Irrigation), !&CAD, Hyderabad, Telangana. 3. Engineer-in-Chief, (I&FCD), Govt. of Arunachal Pradesh, Secretariat Complex, Itanagar Arunachal Pradesh -971111 4. Engineer-in-Chief, Irrigation Department Block, Govt. of Assam, Assam Complex, Dispur, Guwahati, Assam 781006. 5. Engineer-in-Chief (North), Government ofBihar, Sinchai Bhawan, Patna- 800 015. 5. Engineer-in-Chief (South), Government ofBihar, Sinchai Bhawan, Patna - 800 01 5. 6. Engineer-in-Chief, Water Resources Deptt, Government of Chhattishgarh, Sihava Bhavan, Civil Lines, Raipur-492011. 7. Engineer-in-Chief, Narmada Water Resources & Water Supply Department, Government of Gujarat, 1st Floor, Block No-9, New Sachivalaya complex, Gandhinagar-382010. 8. Chief Engineer, Irrigation Department, Govt. of Goa, Ilnd Floor, Junta House (Annexe), Panaji, GOA. 9. Engineer -in-Chief, Haryana Irrigation and Water Resources Deptt, Sichai Bhawan, Sector­ s, Panchkula, Chandigarh-16001 7. 10. Engineer-in-Chief, IPH Deptt. Govt. ofHimachal Pradesh, U.S. Club, Shimla-171001. 11 . Engineer -in-Chief, Irrigation & Flood Control, Irrigation Complex, Canal Road, Jammu. 12. Engineer-in-Chief, Water Resources Deptt. Government of Jharkhand, Nepal House, Ranchi-834002 13. Engineer-in-Chief, WRDO, Govt. of Karnataka, Anandrao Circle, Bangalore - 560009. 14. Chief Engineer, (Irrigation), Govt. of Kerala, Secretariat, Trivandrum- 695001. 15. Engineer-in-Chief, Water Resources Deptt., Govt of Mizoram, New Secretariat Building, Aizwal-796001 16. Engineer-in-Chief, Irrigation Deptt., Govt of Maharashtra, Mantralaya, Mumbai-400032 17. Engineer-in-Chief, Irrigation and Flood Control Deptt, Government of Delhi, 5/9 Under Hill Road, Delhi-110054 18. Engineer-in-Chief, IFCD Government of Manipur, Secretariat Building, Imphal, Manipur- 795001 19. Engineer-in-Chief, Irrigation Deptt., Government of Meghalaya Agriculture Complex , Cleve Colony, Meghalaya, Shillong-793001 20. Engineer-in-Chief, Water Resources Department, Govt. of Madhya Pradesh, Jal Sansadhan Bhavan, Tulsi Nagar, Bhopal -462003. 21. Engineer-in-Chief, Irrigation and Flood Control Deptt., Government of Nagaland, New Secretariat Building, Kohima -797001 22. Engineer -in-Chief, Water Resources, Govt. of Orissa, Sechasadana, Keshari Nagar, Bhubaneshwar - 75 1001. 23. Engineer-in-Chief, Irrigation & Power Deptt. , Government of Punjab, Secretariat, Chandigarh -16001 7 24. Engineer-in-Chief, Irrigation Department, Government of Rajasthan, Secretariat, Jaipur- 302001 25. Engineer-in-Chief, Irrigation & Flood Control Department Government of Sikkim, Nirman Bhawan, Gangtok-737101 26. Engineer-in-Chief, (Water Resources Organisation, PWD), Chepuk, Chennai-600005.

Page 27 .

\.._ 27. Engineer-in-Chief, (Irrigation & PWD), Government of Tripura, Secretariat Complex, Agartala -799001 28. Engineer-in-Chief, Irrigation Deptt., Government of Uttar Pradesh, Sinchai Bhawan, Cant Road, Lucknow - 226001 29. Engineer-in-Chief, Irrigation Deptt. , Government of Uttarakhand Yamuna Colony, Dehradun - 248001 30. Engineer-in-Chief, Irrigation& Waterways, Writer's Building, Govt. of West Bengal, Kolkata - 700001

Copy for information to:

Ministry of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation 1. Sr. PPS to Secretary, Mo WR, Shram Shakti Bhavan, New Delhi. 2. Spl. Secretary, MoWR, RD&GR 3. Joint Secretary (PP), Mo WR, New Delhi 4. Commissioner (Peninsular Rivers), Mo WR, New Delhi. 5. Senior Joint Commissioner, Penninsular River Wing, Mo WR, RD&GR,

Deptt. of Agriculture & Co-operation

1. Secretary, Deptt. of Agriculture & Co-operation, Krishi Bhavan, New Delhi-110001

Central Water Commission

1. PPS to Member (WP&P), CWC. 2. All field ehiefEngineers of ewe.

Page 28 APPENDIX I STATUS OF WATER RESOURCES IN RAJASTHAN

1. INTRODUCTION:

In view of acute shortage of water being faced in several parts of the country, the Hon’ble Minister, MoWR, RD & GR, GoI desired that a status report in respect of such areas including Rajasthan may be prepared by bringing out clearly as to what could be done in this regard. Accordingly, Chief Engineer, HRM, CWC, New Delhi requested All Regional Chief Engineer including Chief Engineer, YBO, CWC to prepare a status report in respect of such areas including Rajasthan where such shortage of water is being faced involving Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) in this exercise. In view of the above, Regional Office of CGWB, Rajasthan, Water Resources Department (WRD), Govt. of Rajasthan and Department (PHED), Govt. of Rajasthan were requested to provide block wise Ground Water, block wise present status of surface water availability and data regarding availability of drinking water and arrangements made/ to be made to provide domestic water in the blocks of Rajasthan respectively. The information received from Regional Office of CGWB, Rajasthan and WRD, GoR are enclosed at Annexure-I & II respectively.

2. GEOGRAPHICAL AND DEMOGRAPHIC SCENARIO OF RAJASTHAN :

Rajasthan is the largest state in area in India, with 342,263 km2. Rajasthan’s geo- hydraulic situation is accentuated by the Aravalli hills range that bisects it in two distinct parts namely, • The North-western part (i.e. north-west of Aravalli range), which covers about 2/3rd of the State’s area; characterised by the Thar desert; • The South-eastern part (i.e. south-east of Aravalli range), which is characterised by semi-arid plains where most of the water-associated activities of the State take place. According to the Census 2011, Rajasthan has registered a population of 68,548,437 by adding 12,041,249 persons to the total population of 56,507,188 in Census 2001. The decadal growth rate of the State has significantly declined from 28.41% in 1991-2001 to 21.31% in 2001-2011, registering a net decrease of 7.10%. The Census of India 2011 reveals that since independence, Rajasthan has continued to maintain its record of registering one of the highest population growth rates in the country. Its reported annual growth rate of 2.13% is around 30 percent higher than that recorded for the country as a whole. It has doubled in a period of less than 29 years since 1951. In the last decade, the population density of Rajasthan has increased from 165 to 200 persons per km2. Jaipur district is the most densely populated in the State, with 595 persons per km2. Bharatpur and Dausa Districts come next with population densities of 503 and 476, respectively. Jaisalmer is the most thinly populated district with just 17 persons per km2, Rajasthan is divided into seven administrative divisions and 33 districts. More than almost half of all the inhabited villages in the State, numbering 44,672, have fewer than 500 inhabitants each. About 25% of ~69 million population of the State resided in 297 towns in 2011. The administrative map of Rajasthan is shown below. Page 29

3. RAINFALL STATISTICS:

There were wide variation of rainfall in extreme Western part and South – Eastern part of the State like 185 mm annual rainfall is received in Jaisalmer, (extreme Western part), while 970 mm annual rainfall is received in Jhalawar, (South – Eastern part). The annual average rainfall of the State is 594.9 mm. out of which 75 to 95 % of the rainfall mostly precipitates in the monsoon period i.e. from 1st June to 30th September. Rajasthan has received 506.8 mm rainfall against the normal rainfall of 530.1 mm during monsoon

Page 30 period, with deviation of -4.49% during the year 2015. Therefore, rainfall can be categorized as normal during the monsoon period of 2015. Out of 33 districts, 25 districts received normal or more than normal rainfall during year 2015 while, 8 districts were under deficit category. Deficit rainfall recorded in Alwar, Bharatpur, Bhilwara, Dausa, Dholpur, Jaipur, Karauli, and Sawai Madhopur district. However, there was abnormal rainfall received in Barmer, Jaisalmer & Jalore whereas, excess rainfall occurred during monsoon in Bikaner, Jhalawar, Jodhpur, Nagaur and Ganganagar District. • During the monsoon period 2015, major and medium dams having capacity more than 4.25 MCM have cumulatively received 71.68% water to the full capacity, while, minor dams having capacity less than 4.25 MCM, received 42.74% water. Thus, the overall receipt of water in the dams was 69.65%. • The performance of Monsoon 2015 was satisfactory but at the same time inflow of water in irrigation dams has been 69.65% against 76.71% in previous year 2014. As per India Meteorology Department Report, Rajasthan has been placed in Category of Normal rainfall. The monsoon rainfall had been satisfactory on both temporal and spatial scale over the whole state from Agriculture and point of view. The rainfall distribution wise monsoon 2015 was not better than the previous year monsoon. • A diagram of Monsoon Year 2015 of Rajasthan is shown below.

Page 31

4. GROUND WATER SCENARIO:

Water is indeed a critical , because the State, which occupies 10.4 percent of the total area of the country and has about 5.6 percent of its population, is endowed with only 1 percent of the total water resources of the country. The ground water table is declining deeper and deeper owing to unchecked exploitation and scanty and erratic rainfall. Agriculture is, thus, still dependent on the vagaries of the Monsoon. The block wise status of water table during the year 2015 and 2016, as provided by Regional office of CGWB at Jaipur, is given at Annexure-I.

5. ANALYSIS OF PRESENT WATER DATA OF RAJASTHAN:

The information provided by Regional Office of CGWB on Ground Water data in respect of blocks of Rajasthan and WRD, GoR on present status of surface water availability in respect of blocks of Rajasthan have been analyzed and summarised as below:

Page 32 SI. District Block Average depth of Availability of Category of No Water Table in meter Surface Water Block(Over below Ground Level in water exploited/critical bodies / /Semi reservoirs Critical/Safe) 2015 2016 (Mcft) Ajmer Arain 8.98 8.52 N.A OVER EXPLOITED 1. Bhinai 14.73 16.115 N.A OVER EXPLOITED Jawaja 8.45 10.01 N.A OVER EXPLOITED Kekri 4.12 4.22 N.A OVER EXPLOITED Masuda 18.14 19.65 N.A OVER EXPLOITED

Pisangan 9.64 14.06 N.A OVER EXPLOITED Silora 20.8 22.5 N.A OVER EXPLOITED Srinagar 9.28 4.525 N.A OVER EXPLOITED 2. Bansur 34.85 32.15 N.A OVER EXPLOITED Behror 73.24 52.48 N.A OVER EXPLOITED Kathumar 33.23 25.825 N.A OVER EXPLOITED Kishangarh Bas 38.12 39.07 N.A OVER EXPLOITED Kotkasim 27.95 23.025 N.A OVER EXPLOITED Laxmangarh 36.7 22.945 N.A OVER EXPLOITED Alwar Mandawar 48.95 42.425 N.A OVER EXPLOITED Neemrana 58.99 61.305 N.A OVER EXPLOITED Rajgarh 11.51 11.76 N.A OVER EXPLOITED Ramgarh 22.9 20.205 N.A OVER EXPLOITED Reni 52.1 35.74 N.A OVER EXPLOITED Thanagazi 26.75 27.15 N.A OVER EXPLOITED Umrain 42.05 28.425 168.00 OVER EXPLOITED 3. Banswara Anandpuri 4.35 14 SAFE Bagidora 6.78 4.275 N.A SAFE Chhoti Sarwan 3.29 8.5 N.A SAFE Ghari 8.15 7.6 N.A SAFE Ghatol 7.5 3.23 N.A SAFE Kushalgarh 4.4 4.625 65.00 SAFE Sajjangarh 4.78 5.625 N.A SAFE Talwara 7.61 5.135 N.A SAFE Banswara NA NA 25380.00 4. Anta 7.72 4.105 N.A SEMICRITICAL Baran Atru 3.61 5.39 N.A OVER EXPLOITED Baran 4.66 7.48 N.A OVER EXPLOITED Chhabra 11.52 NA 375.00 OVER EXPLOITED

Chhipa Barod 8.16 6.165 20.00 OVER EXPLOITED Kishanganj 6.5 3.12 50.00 SEMICRITICAL Shahabad 6.16 6.06 N.A SEMICRITICAL 5. Barmer Baitu 52.94 56.88 N.A OVER EXPLOITED Balotra 21.34 13.915 N.A OVER EXPLOITED Barmer 84.9 46.675 N.A SAFE Chauhtan 66.24 47.02 N.A CRITICAL Dhorimanna 59.56 33.205 N.A OVER EXPLOITED Sheo 82.6 51.435 N.A OVER EXPLOITED Sindri 78.5 NA N.A OVER EXPLOITED Siwana 25.3 17.275 N.A OVER EXPLOITED 6. Bharatpur Bayana 18.6 20.835 452.00 OVER EXPLOITED Deeg 9.96 6.575 N.A CRITICAL Kaman 12.05 9.07 N.A OVER EXPLOITED Kumher 28.25 12.175 N.A OVER EXPLOITED Nadbai 32.05 24.16 N.A OVER EXPLOITED Nagar 11.05 7.74 N.A CRTICAL Rupbas 8.15 6.265 N.A OVER EXPLOITED Sewar 18.04 4.1 N.A OVER EXPLOITED Weir 49.45 30.175 N.A OVERPage EXPLOITED 33 7. Bhilwara Asind 23.4 13.835 N.A OVER EXPLOITED Banera 15.85 15.5 N.A OVER EXPLOITED Hurda 17.01 10.2 N.A OVER EXPLOITED Jahazpur 16.39 9.69 N.A OVER EXPLOITED Kotri 13.35 8.645 N.A OVER EXPLOITED Mandal 18.32 NA N.A OVER EXPLOITED Mandalgarh 21.2 12.85 26.98 OVER EXPLOITED Raipur 18.08 20.68 N.A OVER EXPLOITED Sahara 8.57 18.38 N.A OVER EXPLOITED Shahpura 11.42 11.255 N.A OVER EXPLOITED Suwana 17.8 14.245 N.A OVER EXPLOITED Bijoliya NA NA 67.85 8. Bikaner Bikaner 112.45 65.465 NA OVER EXPLOITED Kolayat 87.76 50.39 NA SAFE Lunkaransar 66.84 39.57 NA SAFE Nokha 115.25 92.43 NA OVER EXPLOITED Shri Dungargar 70 53.895 NA OVER EXPLOITED 9. Bundi Hindoli 3.07 6.6 NA OVER EXPLOITED Keshorai Patan 3.6 3.515 207.00 SAFE Nainwa 8.39 NA 72.39 OVER EXPLOITED Talera 8.24 5.655 1855.66 SAFE Bundi NA NA 35.07 10. Chittorgarh Begun 6.7 2.42 NA OVER EXPLOITED Bhadesar 13.4 NA NA OVER EXPLOITED Bhinsrorgarh 0.39 0.45 67907.84 OVER EXPLOITED Bhopalsagar 8.1 8.45 NA OVER EXPLOITED Chittaurgarh 21.58 19.575 NA OVER EXPLOITED Dungla 13.15 12.54 NA OVER EXPLOITED Gangrar 12.04 17.045 NA OVER EXPLOITED Kapasan 11.2 6.95 NA OVER EXPLOITED Rashmi 6.98 8.83 NA OVER EXPLOITED 11. Churu Churu 33.73 26.245 NA SAFE Rajgarh 23.8 35.735 NA OVER EXPLOITED Ratangarh 53.06 38.875 NA SAFE Sardarshar 61.42 41.28 NA SAFE Sujangarh 62.78 34.175 NA OVER EXPLOITED Taranagar 14.5 NA NA SALINE 12. Dausa Bandikui 41.6 44.95 NA OVER EXPLOITED Dausa 42.15 18.85 NA OVER EXPLOITED Lalsot 55.3 44.75 NA OVER EXPLOITED Mahuwa 35.27 25.21 NA OVER EXPLOITED Sikrai 58.3 44.75 NA OVER EXPLOITED 13. Dhaulpur Bari 40.5 22 70.00 SEMICRITICAL Baseri 9.52 7.345 454.00 SEMICRITICAL Dhaulpur 22.85 19.685 NA OVER EXPLOITED Rajakhera 30.65 31.1 NA OVER EXPLOITED 14. Dungarpur Aspur 14.15 8.005 2447.00 SAFE Bicchiwara 8.33 5.54 212.00 SAFE Dungarpur 4.34 4.245 80.00 SAFE Sagwara 7.75 7.03 91.00 SAFE Simalwara 16.99 10.595 186.00 SEMICRITICAL Jhontary NA NA 39.00 Dowara NA NA 5.00 Galiyakot NA NA 8.00 15. Ganganagar Anupgarh 14.49 8.31 NA SAFE Ganganagar 16.39 14.345 NA SAFE Page 34 Karanpur 5.05 4.375 NA SAFE Padampur 17.5 13.965 NA SAFE Raisinghnagar 10.58 9.3 NA SAFE Sadulshahar 22.53 NA NA SAFE Suratgarh 41.1 20.4 NA SAFE 16. Hanumangar Bhadra 13.73 12.915 NA SAFE h Hanumangarh 29.5 15.7 NA SAFE Nohar 47.25 28.15 NA SAFE 17. Jaipur Amer 47.32 29.7 3.71 OVER EXPLOITED Bassi 37.8 NA 168.75 OVER EXPLOITED Chaksu 19.4 19.1 34.965 OVER EXPLOITED Dudu 9.43 9.15 NA OVER EXPLOITED Govindgarh 63.3 42.95 NA OVER EXPLOITED Jamwa Ramgar 45.7 32.635 NA OVER EXPLOITED Jhotwara 71.37 NA NA OVER EXPLOITED Kotputli 42.75 NA NA OVER EXPLOITED Phagi 8.46 15.55 NA CRTICAL Sambhar 65.3 46.75 NA OVER EXPLOITED Sanganer 55.08 37.97 1.95 OVER EXPLOITED 18. Jaisalmer Jaisalmer 74.18 38.34 NA OVER EXPLOITED Sam 112.83 56.1 NA OVER EXPLOITED Sankra 68.04 26.805 NA OVER EXPLOITED 19. Jalore Ahore 44.69 33.7 NA OVER EXPLOITED Bhinmal 64.05 25.725 NA OVER EXPLOITED Jalore 68.31 58.85 NA OVER EXPLOITED Jaswantpura 10.22 NA 403.84 OVER EXPLOITED Raniwara 29.05 39.475 NA OVER EXPLOITED Sanchore NA 16.71 NA OVER EXPLOITED 20. Jhalawar Bakani 6.95 11.5 NA SEMICRITICAL Dag 18.71 9.625 137.00 SAFE Jhalra Patan 11.41 8.51 13.87 SEMICRITICAL Khanpur 7.65 NA 175.00 OVER EXPLOITED Manohar Thana 12.86 8.705 218.55 SEMICRITICAL Aklera NA NA 636.14 Pirawa NA NA 210.00 B-Mandi NA NA 250.00 21. Jhunjhujnu Alsisar 44.67 45.3 NA OVER EXPLOITED Buhana 82.9 NA NA OVER EXPLOITED Chirawa 74.62 71.275 NA OVER EXPLOITED Jhunjhunu 66.42 58.975 NA OVER EXPLOITED Khetri 24.18 NA NA OVER EXPLOITED Surajgarh 78.1 84.88 NA OVER EXPLOITED Udaipurwati 48.02 52.01 NA OVER EXPLOITED 22. Jodhpur Balesar 40.9 24.405 OVER EXPLOITED Bap 31.08 17.74 NA SAFE Bhopalgarh 19.1 39 NA OVER EXPLOITED Bilara 14.58 7.335 NA OVER EXPLOITED Luni 36.5 24.685 NA SAFE Mandore 43.88 23.125 NA OVER EXPLOITED Osian 38.45 50.75 NA OVER EXPLOITED Phalodi 71.8 73.6 NA OVER EXPLOITED Shergarh 43.35 39.9 NA OVER EXPLOITED 23. Karauli Hindaun 17.75 14.955 NA OVER EXPLOITED Karauli 35.9 19.99 777.00 OVER EXPLOITED Nadauti 7.51 10.505 NA SAFE Sapotra 30.49 19.4 NA OVER EXPLOITED Toda Bhim 17.35 14.735 NA OVER EXPLOITED

Page 35 Mandrayal NA NA 45.70 24. Kota Itawa 23.36 12.505 NA CRTICAL Ladpura 6.51 3.005 3794.41 SEMICRITICAL Sultanpur 17.6 9.8 NA SEMICRITICAL Sangod NA NA 1102.05 25. Nagaur Degana 44.52 26.82 NA OVER EXPLOITED Didwana 30.73 17.635 NA OVER EXPLOITED Ladnu 27.47 28.915 NA CRTICAL Merta 18.23 NA NA OVER EXPLOITED Mundwa 54.42 54 NA OVER EXPLOITED Nagaur 58.7 41.385 NA CRTICAL Riyan 48.9 45.91 NA OVER EXPLOITED 26. Pali Bali 14.52 12.46 7.00 OVER EXPLOITED Bhim 11.8 8.71 3.00 OVER EXPLOITED Desuri NA 6.035 56.00 OVER EXPLOITED Jaitaran 35.56 21.075 NA OVER EXPLOITED Marwar Junct NA 10.4 53.50 OVER EXPLOITED Pali 7.55 NA NA SAFE Raipur 9.63 10.35 56.00 OVER EXPLOITED Rohat 9.03 4.4 NA SEMI CRITICAL Sojat 16 10.15 10.00 OVER EXPLOITED Sumerpur 10.8 10.07 900.60 SEMICRITICAL 27. Pratapgarh Arnod 8.24 5.38 5.00 OVER EXPLOITED Choti Sadri 5.82 2.275 4.00 OVER EXPLOITED Dhariawad 6.35 2.155 732.49 CRITICAL Peepalkhoont 12.67 6.49 NA SAFE Pratapgarh 9.55 4.845 103.00 OVER EXPLOITED 28. Rajsamand Amet 20.47 10.33 18.00 OVER EXPLOITED Deogarh 6.45 12 44.00 SEMI CRITICAL Khamnor 14.45 10.51 NA SEMI CRITICAL Kumbhalgarh 9.94 7.235 NA SEMI CRITICAL Railmagra 16.24 9.465 27.00 OVER EXPLOITED Rajsamand 5.02 5.455 295.00 OVER EXPLOITED 29. Sawai Bamanwas 15.02 9.295 NA OVER EXPLOITED Madhopur Bonli 8.28 10.55 NA OVER EXPLOITED Gangapur 5.88 8.89 NA OVER EXPLOITED Khandar 11.9 13.555 22.00 OVER EXPLOITED Sawai Madhopur 9.45 8.72 NA OVER EXPLOITED 30. Sikar Danta Ramgarh 68.1 43.215 NA OVER EXPLOITED Dhod 79.32 71.48 NA OVER EXPLOITED Fatehpur 48.35 43.28 NA SEMICRITICAL Khandela 45.22 51.165 NA OVER EXPLOITED Lachhamangar 71.7 55.71 NA OVER EXPLOITED Neem Ka Thana 11.14 NA NA OVER EXPLOITED Piprali 71.66 48.445 NA OVER EXPLOITED Sri Madhopur 36.18 42.2 NA OVER EXPLOITED 31. Sirohi Abu Road 10.07 7.34 201.56 SEMICRITICAL

Pindwara NA 4.89 141.93 SEMICRITICAL Reodar 20.05 15.675 249.50 OVER EXPLOITED Sirohi 17.11 14.85 138.73 OVER EXPLOITED Sheoganj NA NA 32.76 Shegong NA NA 31.08 32. Tonk Deoli 7.98 6.2 15379.00 SAFE Malpura 2.95 2.75 NA OVER EXPLOITED Page 36 Niwai 23.85 NA 25.00 OVER EXPLOITED Todaraisingh 4.63 2.99 NA SAFE Tonk 4.09 5.675 NA SAFE Uniara 15.29 15.205 100 OVER EXPLOITED 33. Udaipur Badgaon 5.15 3.94 542.36 OVER EXPLOITED Bhinder 25.35 10.02 NA OVER EXPLOITED Girwa NA 6.945 641.50 SEMI CRTICAL Gogunda 10.05 NA 97.99 SEMI CRTICAL Jharol 14.35 5.685 143.41 SEMI CRTICAL Kherwara 4.04 2.955 150.15 SEMI CRTICAL Kotra 4.4 4.14 150.15 SAFE Lasadiya 1.9 2.945 6.95 SEMI CRTICAL Mavli 16.8 8.6 NA OVER EXPLOITED Salumber 7.49 6.165 NA SEMI CRTICAL Sarara 8.5 4.8 NA SEMI CRTICAL Kurabad NA NA 5.50 kotada NA NA 446.62

6. SHORT TERM AND LONG TERM PLANNING OF STATE GOVERNMENT

There is no big gap between water availability in this year and in the previous years, in the districts of Rajasthan. The State Government is working on short term as well as long term planning and management to tackle with the water scarcity in the Rajasthan.

Short Term Planning

As a short term planning, Rajasthan Government has identified the villages where water scarcity may occur in this summer season and have the plan in place to make the domestic water available to these villages by tankers.

In short term, there is no planning to recharge ground water because no extra water is available in surface water sources at present. The ground water recharge is taking place through water bodies/reservoirs, having water, in a natural way only.

Long Term Planning

The various schemes namely; Repair, Renovation and Restoration (RRR) scheme, Four Water Concept - An Integrated Catchment and Command Area Development Approach and Mukhya Mantri Jal Swavlamban Abhiyan are being/ to be implemented in Rajasthan in view to tackle the perennial water scarcity situation in Rajasthan. These schemes will help in recharging ground water, storing water in water bodies as surface water and in the soil as soil moisture The details of these schemes are given below:

a. Repair, Renovation and Restoration (RRR) Scheme

Under this scheme, 32 Nos of water bodies have been included in the FY 2014-15 for repair, renovation and restoration. The details of these water bodies is given at Annexure-III. The works on these water bodies is in progress and to be completed by end of FY 2016-17.

State Government also submitted 36 nos. DPRs of water bodies for inclusion under RRR Scheme. The same was scrutinised in regional office of CWC and communicated to

Page 37 CWC (HQ) on 04.03.2016. The CWC (HQ) have communicated some comments/clarifications on these DPRs which are to be complied by the State Government, The same was communicated to State Government on 03.05.2016 for compliance. The details of water bodies are given at Annexure-IV. b. Four Water Concept - An Integrated Catchment and Command area Development Approach

This approach is being implemented in Rajasthan with the objectives to boost in ground water recharge/ replenishment, drought disaster management preventive interventions, , ensuring water availability for community use, sustaining lively status of rivers and streams for longer duration in post monsoon era, development of flora and fauna thereby adding and sustaining bio diversity and eco system at large, for benefit of mankind.

This project was initially launched in Chambal and Mahi river basins, where surplus surface water, otherwise going was harnessed for productive use. Subsequently, the ambit of the project was extended to Luni, West Banas, Sukhali, East Banas, Sabarmati and Parbati River basins. In Chambal and Mahi basins, 14 Nos. Micro Irrigation Tanks and 48 Nos. Of Check Dams have been completed in 2014-15 and water impounded during monsoon 2015. The implementation of this scheme is in progress. c. Mukhya Mantri Jal Swavlamban Abhiyan

This scheme is being implemented in Rajasthan with the objectives as given below:

I Self dependency of village for drinking purposes; II Increase in CCA by about 10% by increasing water storage capacity & change of cropping pattern; III Increase in production of fodder for local animals.

The following works are to be taken up under the scheme

i. Construction of micro irrigation tanks, check dams in river basins based on four water concept; ii. Nallah Training works; iii. Renovation of existing water bodies; iv. Renovation of existing Minor Irrigation schemes v. of existing water bodies; vi. Optimum use of capacity of existing medium/major irrigation projects by IEC activities to change in cropping pattern & economical use of water. vii. CAD works in existing Minor Irrigation schemes viii. Construction of subsurface barrier.

7. CONCLUSIONS:

• As 25 districts out of 33 districts of Rajasthan received normal or more than normal rainfall during monsoon season 2015. 8 districts namely; Alwar, Bharatpur, Bhilwara, Dausa, Dholpur, Jaipur, Karauli, and Sawai Madhopur received deficit rainfall. However, in these districts ground water is available at reasonable depth that can be withdrawal for domestic uses during the acute shortage of domestic water. • In 12 districts namely; Ajmer, Barmer, Bikaner, Churu, Dausa, Ganganagar, Page 38 Hanumangarh, Jaisalmer, Jhunjhujnu, Jodhpur, Nagaur & Sikar, there is no surface water available in reservoir/water bodies but ground water is available at reasonable depth, in comparison to the year 2015, which can be withdrawals to face acute scarcity of domestic water, if any. • Considering rainfall during monsoon of the year 2015, present Surface Water and ground water status in the districts of Rajasthan, the situation is not much different in this year in comparison to last year i.e. 2015 in terms of water availability. The sufficient water is available in the State. However, water scarcity can be felt in some localized pockets of the State which can be tackled with by active arrangements of PHED, Rajasthan to provide sufficient domestic water to the peoples and live stocks of the area. • The schemes, being implemented by the State Government, would certainly result in reducing the water scarcity in Rajasthan in the time to come.

8. RECOMMENDATIONS:

SHORT TERM:

• Priority of water use should be assigned to domestic/drinking water for human and live stocks. • Inefficiencies in water distribution networks in villages, towns and cities should be rectified immediately. • Awareness should be increased regarding consequences of wasteful use of potable water. • During the current year advisory shall be issued by State Govt. to use water judiciously. Since 8 districts of Rajasthan are rainfall deficit and 12 districts do not have surface water in reservoir/water bodies, the pressure will be on the ground water based systems. The following mitigation measures are required to be taken by the State Government: • Program may be conducted during which every drinking water source and systems are inspected, and checked; • Addition of extra lengths of raiser pipes and connecting rods in Hand Pump, wherever feasible; • Flushing of bore well to improve yield and if required deepening the existing bore wells; • Monitoring cells at State and District levels are constituted to receive the complaints on drinking water problems and redress them with special drive.

LONG TERM

• Existing water tanks, reservoirs shall be de-silted wherever feasible so that their capacity is increased to store water. • More water harvesting structures shall be constructed to ensure recharging of ground water.

9. LIMITATIONS:

Page 39

No availability of PHED data regarding arrangements made by the department to tackle the situation of shortage of domestic water, if any, in any area of the State.

******

Page 40 ANNEXURE-I Blockwise minimum abd Maximum Water Level during Jan 2015 & Jan 2016 (Based on CGWB Monotiring wells) Values in mBGL (m below ground level) Jan-15 Jan-16 District Block No of Min Max Average No of Min Max Average wells wells Ajmer Arain 6 1.82 8.98 5.4 6 3.17 13.87 8.52 Ajmer Bhinai 5 1.19 14.73 7.96 3 13.33 18.9 16.115 Ajmer Jawaja 5 1.4 8.45 4.925 5 4.02 16 10.01 Ajmer Kekri 1 4.12 4.12 4.12 2 1.14 7.3 4.22 Ajmer Masuda 5 4.39 18.14 11.265 5 9.72 29.58 19.65 Ajmer Pisangan 1 9.64 9.64 9.64 2 9.09 19.03 14.06 Ajmer Silora 1 20.8 20.8 20.8 1 22.5 22.5 22.5 Ajmer Srinagar 5 0.55 9.28 4.915 4 0.85 8.2 4.525 Alwar Bansur 4 25.23 34.85 30.04 4 27.05 37.25 32.15 Alwar Behror 3 25.83 73.24 49.535 2 28.68 76.28 52.48 Alwar Kathumar 2 28.52 33.23 30.875 3 18.35 33.3 25.825 Alwar Kishangarh Bas 1 38.12 38.12 38.12 1 39.07 39.07 39.07 Alwar Kotkasim 3 18.57 27.95 23.26 3 19.4 26.65 23.025 Alwar Laxmangarh 3 7.58 36.7 22.14 2 8.29 37.6 22.945 Alwar Mandawar 2 33.8 48.95 41.375 2 35.05 49.8 42.425 Alwar Neemrana 2 57.3 58.99 58.145 2 60.75 61.86 61.305 Alwar Rajgarh 2 2.45 11.51 6.98 2 5.96 17.56 11.76 Alwar Ramgarh 2 20.55 22.9 21.725 3 16.56 23.85 20.205 Alwar Reni 2 23.2 52.1 37.65 2 20.66 50.82 35.74 Alwar Thanagazi 2 12.98 26.75 19.865 1 27.15 27.15 27.15 Alwar Umrain 2 12.77 42.05 27.41 2 13.4 43.45 28.425 Banswara Anandpuri 1 4.35 4.35 4.35 1 14 14 14 Banswara Bagidora 4 1.45 6.78 4.115 4 2.55 6 4.275 Banswara Chhoti Sarwan 3 3.06 3.29 3.175 4 5.5 11.5 8.5 Banswara Ghari 6 0.4 8.15 4.275 6 4.4 10.8 7.6 Banswara Ghatol 8 0.69 7.5 4.095 7 1.46 5 3.23 Banswara Kushalgarh 5 2.22 4.4 3.31 5 2.55 6.7 4.625 Banswara Sajjangarh 4 0.08 4.78 2.43 3 3.6 7.65 5.625 Banswara Talwara 9 0.95 7.61 4.28 8 2.2 8.07 5.135 Baran Anta 4 3.15 7.72 5.435 3 3.75 4.46 4.105 Baran Atru 1 3.61 3.61 3.61 2 4.69 6.09 5.39 Baran Baran 2 2.26 4.66 3.46 3 3.5 11.46 7.48 Baran Chhabra 1 11.52 11.52 11.52 NA NA NA NA Baran Chhipa Barod 3 2.8 8.16 5.48 3 2.95 9.38 6.165 Baran Kishanganj 3 1.04 6.5 3.77 2 0.94 5.3 3.12 Baran Shahabad 5 2.85 6.16 4.505 5 3.2 8.92 6.06 Barmer Baitu 6 19.21 52.94 36.075 8 20.96 92.8 56.88 Barmer Balotra 3 5.4 21.34 13.37 4 6.48 21.35 13.915 Barmer Barmer 14 10.03 84.9 47.465 14 8.75 84.6 46.675 Barmer Chauhtan 7 4.6 66.24 35.42 4 30 64.04 47.02 Barmer Dhorimanna 4 8.4 59.56 33.98 3 6.6 59.81 33.205 Barmer Sheo 10 3.05 82.6 42.825 11 3.42 99.45 51.435 Barmer Sindri 3 15.31 78.5 46.905 NA NA NA NA Barmer Siwana 1 25.3 25.3 25.3 2 7.7 26.85 17.275 Bharatpur Bayana 4 3.2 18.6 10.9 5 6.15 35.52 20.835 Bharatpur Deeg 3 3.3 9.96 6.63 5 1.95 11.2 6.575 Bharatpur Kaman 2 7.92 12.05 9.985 1 9.07 9.07 9.07 Bharatpur Kumher 3 1.8 28.25 15.025 3 4.7 19.65 12.175 Bharatpur Nadbai 2 16.72 32.05 24.385 2 17.27 31.05 24.16 Bharatpur Nagar 3 4.28 11.05 7.665 4 5.03 10.45 7.74 Bharatpur Rupbas 4 2.95 8.15 5.55 7 1.15 11.38 6.265 Bharatpur Sewar 1 18.04 18.04 18.04 1 4.1 4.1 4.1 Bharatpur Weir 4 9.95 49.45 29.7 4 10.25 50.1 30.175 Bhilwara Asind 3 0.51 23.4 11.955 5 3.76 23.91 13.835 Bhilwara Banera 3 6.75 15.85 11.3 3 14.6 16.4 15.5 Bhilwara Hurda 2 7.34 17.01 12.175 2 7.26 13.14 10.2 Bhilwara Jahazpur 4 1.09 16.39 8.74 5 3.79 15.59 9.69 Bhilwara Kotri 4 1.7 13.35 7.525 4 3 14.29 8.645 Bhilwara Mandal 1 18.32 18.32 18.32 NA NA NA NA

Page 41 Bhilwara Mandalgarh 4 2.55 21.2 11.875 4 4.15 21.55 12.85 Bhilwara Raipur 3 5.9 18.08 11.99 4 12.53 28.83 20.68 Bhilwara Sahara 2 7.6 8.57 8.085 1 18.38 18.38 18.38 Bhilwara Shahpura 3 0.75 11.42 6.085 3 7.56 14.95 11.255 Bhilwara Suwana 3 7.7 17.8 12.75 3 11.7 16.79 14.245 Bikaner Bikaner 14 12.48 112.45 62.465 11 15.63 115.3 65.465 Bikaner Kolayat 14 11.2 87.76 49.48 12 11.2 89.58 50.39 Bikaner Lunkaransar 15 8.39 66.84 37.615 14 6.19 72.95 39.57 Bikaner Nokha 3 64.28 115.25 89.765 3 65.8 119.06 92.43 Bikaner Shri Dungargar 3 34.8 70 52.4 3 36.53 71.26 53.895 Bundi Hindoli 1 3.07 3.07 3.07 1 6.6 6.6 6.6 Bundi Keshorai Patan 5 0.3 3.6 1.95 5 0.7 6.33 3.515 Bundi Nainwa 1 8.39 8.39 8.39 NA NA NA NA Bundi Talera 5 0.22 8.24 4.23 5 0.57 10.74 5.655 Chittarugarh Begun 3 0.4 6.7 3.55 2 0.99 3.85 2.42 Chittarugarh Bhadesar 2 8.9 13.4 11.15 NA NA NA NA Chittarugarh Bhinsrorgarh 1 0.39 0.39 0.39 1 0.45 0.45 0.45 Chittarugarh Bhopalsagar 2 7.87 8.1 7.985 1 8.45 8.45 8.45 Chittarugarh Chittaurgarh 3 8.91 21.58 15.245 3 11.17 27.98 19.575 Chittarugarh Dungla 1 13.15 13.15 13.15 1 12.54 12.54 12.54 Chittarugarh Gangrar 2 9.85 12.04 10.945 2 15.44 18.65 17.045 Chittarugarh Kapasan 2 3.17 11.2 7.185 1 6.95 6.95 6.95 Chittarugarh Rashmi 1 6.98 6.98 6.98 1 8.83 8.83 8.83 Churu Churu 5 19.59 33.73 26.66 5 18.5 33.99 26.245 Churu Rajgarh 3 12.64 23.8 18.22 5 12.61 58.86 35.735 Churu Ratangarh 6 29.01 53.06 41.035 9 27.59 50.16 38.875 Churu Sardarshar 6 26.38 61.42 43.9 7 23.24 59.32 41.28 Churu Sujangarh 3 9.42 62.78 36.1 5 4.37 63.98 34.175 Churu Taranagar 3 8.61 14.5 11.555 NA NA NA NA Dausa Bandikui 1 41.6 41.6 41.6 1 44.95 44.95 44.95 Dausa Dausa 7 6.97 42.15 24.56 5 10.85 26.85 18.85 Dausa Lalsot 3 31.8 55.3 43.55 3 32.85 56.65 44.75 Dausa Mahuwa 3 11.14 35.27 23.205 3 13.2 37.22 25.21 Dausa Sikrai 3 34.7 58.3 46.5 2 35.45 54.05 44.75 Dhaulpur Bari 4 4.62 40.5 22.56 3 6.1 37.9 22 Dhaulpur Baseri 3 5.45 9.52 7.485 3 5.7 8.99 7.345 Dhaulpur Dhaulpur 4 7.12 22.85 14.985 4 8.87 30.5 19.685 Dhaulpur Rajakhera 1 30.65 30.65 30.65 1 31.1 31.1 31.1 Dungarpur Aspur 6 1.82 14.15 7.985 6 1.82 14.19 8.005 Dungarpur Bicchiwara 7 3.88 8.33 6.105 7 3.2 7.88 5.54 Dungarpur Dungarpur 3 1.52 4.34 2.93 3 3.13 5.36 4.245 Dungarpur Sagwara 4 3.59 7.75 5.67 3 2.76 11.3 7.03 Dungarpur Simalwara 3 5.8 16.99 11.395 3 4.08 17.11 10.595 Ganganagar Anupgarh 9 6.4 14.49 10.445 9 2.28 14.34 8.31 Ganganagar Ganganagar 3 13.12 16.39 14.755 3 12.57 16.12 14.345 Ganganagar Karanpur 2 4.95 5.05 5 2 3.95 4.8 4.375 Ganganagar Padampur 5 10.7 17.5 14.1 4 10.55 17.38 13.965 Ganganagar Raisinghnagar 5 7.82 10.58 9.2 5 7.92 10.68 9.3 Ganganagar Sadulshahar 4 18 22.53 20.265 NA NA NA NA Ganganagar Suratgarh 11 0.21 41.1 20.655 11 0.2 40.6 20.4 Hanumangarh Bhadra 3 12.15 13.73 12.94 3 12.15 13.68 12.915 Hanumangarh Hanumangarh 20 1.6 29.5 15.55 20 1.45 29.95 15.7 Hanumangarh Nohar 11 0.4 47.25 23.825 13 0.2 56.1 28.15 Jaipur Amer 2 9.75 47.32 28.535 2 10.7 48.7 29.7 Jaipur Bassi 1 37.8 37.8 37.8 NA NA NA NA Jaipur Chaksu 4 8.5 19.4 13.95 4 13.1 25.1 19.1 Jaipur Dudu 4 0.43 9.43 4.93 4 3.27 15.03 9.15 Jaipur Govindgarh 5 24.82 63.3 44.06 5 27.1 58.8 42.95 Jaipur Jamwa Ramgar 5 8.07 45.7 26.885 3 18.17 47.1 32.635 Jaipur Jhotwara 7 43.84 71.37 57.605 NA NA NA NA Jaipur Kotputli 2 39.39 42.75 41.07 NA NA NA NA Jaipur Phagi 2 7.3 8.46 7.88 4 2.4 28.7 15.55 Jaipur Sambhar 4 5.18 65.3 35.24 3 24 69.5 46.75 Jaipur Sanganer 5 14.55 55.08 34.815 6 17.7 58.24 37.97 Jaisalmer Jaisalmer 19 6.45 74.18 40.315 19 5.8 70.88 38.34

Page 42 Jaisalmer Sam 16 5.25 112.83 59.04 19 5.8 106.4 56.1 Jaisalmer Sankra 12 5.59 68.04 36.815 11 3.65 49.96 26.805 Jalore Ahore 1 44.69 44.69 44.69 2 17.3 50.1 33.7 Jalore Bhinmal 3 5 64.05 34.525 4 2.6 48.85 25.725 Jalore Jalore 2 63.89 68.31 66.1 2 49.6 68.1 58.85 Jalore Jaswantpura 2 9.15 10.22 9.685 NA NA NA NA Jalore Raniwara 1 29.05 29.05 29.05 3 19.15 59.8 39.475 Jalore Sanchore NA NA NA NA 5 1.7 31.72 16.71 Jhalawar Bakani 1 6.95 6.95 6.95 1 11.5 11.5 11.5 Jhalawar Dag 6 5.1 18.71 11.905 5 5.8 13.45 9.625 Jhalawar Jhalra Patan 13 1.39 11.41 6.4 13 1.55 15.47 8.51 Jhalawar Khanpur 1 7.65 7.65 7.65 NA NA NA NA Jhalawar Manohar Thana 5 3 12.86 7.93 5 4.85 12.56 8.705 Jhunjhujnu Alsisar 2 40.33 44.67 42.5 2 40.3 50.3 45.3 Jhunjhujnu Buhana 1 82.9 82.9 82.9 NA NA NA NA Jhunjhujnu Chirawa 3 56 74.62 65.31 4 59.75 82.8 71.275 Jhunjhujnu Jhunjhunu 5 48 66.42 57.21 5 48.94 69.01 58.975 Jhunjhujnu Khetri 1 24.18 24.18 24.18 NA NA NA NA Jhunjhujnu Surajgarh 4 72.15 78.1 75.125 4 75.96 93.8 84.88 Jhunjhujnu Udaipurwati 3 35.65 48.02 41.835 2 49.9 54.12 52.01 Jodhpur Balesar 3 8.6 40.9 24.75 4 6.4 42.41 24.405 Jodhpur Bap 3 4.2 31.08 17.64 3 0.7 34.78 17.74 Jodhpur Bhopalgarh 1 19.1 19.1 19.1 3 19.05 58.95 39 Jodhpur Bilara 3 4.35 14.58 9.465 4 6.57 8.1 7.335 Jodhpur Luni 12 2.45 36.5 19.475 12 3.05 46.32 24.685 Jodhpur Mandore 13 4.79 43.88 24.335 13 1.15 45.1 23.125 Jodhpur Osian 2 6.93 38.45 22.69 3 7.48 94.02 50.75 Jodhpur Phalodi 1 71.8 71.8 71.8 1 73.6 73.6 73.6 Jodhpur Shergarh 3 9.6 43.35 26.475 2 36.15 43.65 39.9 Karauli Hindaun 3 3.75 17.75 10.75 3 6.35 23.56 14.955 Karauli Karauli 8 1.73 35.9 18.815 7 3.03 36.95 19.99 Karauli Nadauti 2 2.9 7.51 5.205 2 9.55 11.46 10.505 Karauli Sapotra 3 9.51 30.49 20 3 10.06 28.74 19.4 Karauli Toda Bhim 2 8 17.35 12.675 2 9.92 19.55 14.735 Kota Itawa 4 2.18 23.36 12.77 4 2.95 22.06 12.505 Kota Ladpura 8 0.6 6.51 3.555 7 0.35 5.66 3.005 Kota Sultanpur 5 0.83 17.6 9.215 5 1.3 18.3 9.8 Nagaur Degana 2 37.29 44.52 40.905 4 8.72 44.92 26.82 Nagaur Didwana 7 4.67 30.73 17.7 7 4.67 30.6 17.635 Nagaur Ladnu 2 23.02 27.47 25.245 2 27.38 30.45 28.915 Nagaur Merta 1 18.23 18.23 18.23 NA NA NA NA Nagaur Mundwa 1 54.42 54.42 54.42 1 54 54 54 Nagaur Nagaur 2 32.55 58.7 45.625 4 23.02 59.75 41.385 Nagaur Riyan 2 39.32 48.9 44.11 2 41.67 50.15 45.91 Pali Bali 2 9.75 14.52 12.135 2 6.65 18.27 12.46 Pali Bhim 8 3.14 11.8 7.47 7 3.42 14 8.71 Pali Desuri NA NA NA NA 3 2.87 9.2 6.035 Pali Jaitaran 3 3.9 35.56 19.73 3 8.35 33.8 21.075 Pali Marwar Junct NA NA NA NA 1 10.4 10.4 10.4 Pali Pali 2 5.89 7.55 6.72 NA NA NA NA Pali Raipur 3 4.1 9.63 6.865 3 8 12.7 10.35 Pali Rohat 3 1.33 9.03 5.18 3 1.58 7.22 4.4 Pali Sojat 3 6.06 16 11.03 3 5.9 14.4 10.15 Pali Sumerpur 3 3.14 10.8 6.97 4 2.54 17.6 10.07 Pratapgarh Arnod 3 2.66 8.24 5.45 4 2.44 8.32 5.38 Pratapgarh Choti Sadri 2 1.96 5.82 3.89 2 4.55 0 2.275 Pratapgarh Dhariawad 2 2.55 6.35 4.45 2 4.31 0 2.155 Pratapgarh Peepalkhoont 3 2.9 12.67 7.785 3 3.98 9 6.49 Pratapgarh Pratapgarh 5 1.9 9.55 5.725 6 3.28 6.41 4.845 Rajsamand Amet 2 15.24 20.47 17.855 2 12.77 7.89 10.33 Rajsamand Deogarh 1 6.45 6.45 6.45 1 12 12 12

Page 43 Rajsamand Khamnor 3 3.5 14.45 8.975 3 3.68 17.34 10.51 Rajsamand Kumbhalgarh 7 2.12 9.94 6.03 7 2.87 11.6 7.235 Rajsamand Railmagra 3 2.33 16.24 9.285 3 2.66 16.27 9.465 Rajsamand Rajsamand 2 3.5 5.02 4.26 2 5.22 5.69 5.455 Sawai Madhopur Bamanwas 4 3.47 15.02 9.245 4 5.47 13.12 9.295 Sawai Madhopur Bonli 4 1.07 8.28 4.675 3 6.76 14.34 10.55 Sawai Madhopur Gangapur 2 3.4 5.88 4.64 2 7 10.78 8.89 Sawai Madhopur Khandar 3 11.56 11.9 11.73 3 11.26 15.85 13.555 Sawai Madhopur Sawai Madhopur 5 3.01 9.45 6.23 3 6.19 11.25 8.72

Sikar Danta Ramgarh 5 17.02 68.1 42.56 5 16.8 69.63 43.215 Sikar Dhod 4 57.3 79.32 68.31 4 61.4 81.56 71.48 Sikar Fatehpur 10 35.88 48.35 42.115 11 30.63 55.93 43.28 Sikar Khandela 2 31.95 45.22 38.585 3 44.51 57.82 51.165 Sikar Lachhamangar 8 35.78 71.7 53.74 9 42.21 69.21 55.71 Sikar Neem Ka Thana 2 4.02 11.14 7.58 NA NA NA NA Sikar Piprali 5 25.58 71.66 48.62 5 26.94 69.95 48.445 Sikar Sri Madhopur 1 36.18 36.18 36.18 1 42.2 42.2 42.2 Sirohi Abu Road 4 3.94 10.07 7.005 2 6.5 8.18 7.34 Sirohi Pindwara NA NA NA NA 2 4.5 5.28 4.89 Sirohi Reodar 3 11.99 20.05 16.02 4 8.29 23.06 15.675 Sirohi Sirohi 4 3.53 17.11 10.32 6 2.73 26.97 14.85 Tonk Deoli 2 1.41 7.98 4.695 3 3.3 9.1 6.2 Tonk Malpura 3 2.35 2.95 2.65 2 2 3.5 2.75 Tonk Niwai 1 23.85 23.85 23.85 NA NA NA NA Tonk Todaraisingh 2 1.5 4.63 3.065 2 1.3 4.68 2.99 Tonk Tonk 3 2.05 4.09 3.07 5 2.85 8.5 5.675 Tonk Uniara 3 2.39 15.29 8.84 5 3.46 26.95 15.205 Udaipur Badgaon 1 5.15 5.15 5.15 1 3.94 3.94 3.94 Udaipur Bhinder 6 2.24 25.35 13.795 5 2.94 17.1 10.02 Udaipur Girwa NA NA NA NA 7 1.82 12.07 6.945 Udaipur Gogunda 4 2.5 10.05 6.275 NA NA NA NA Udaipur Jharol 6 6.36 14.35 10.355 7 1.65 9.72 5.685 Udaipur Kherwara 2 3.81 4.04 3.925 3 2.21 3.7 2.955 Udaipur Kotra 1 4.4 4.4 4.4 1 4.14 4.14 4.14 Udaipur Lasadiya 1 1.9 1.9 1.9 2 2.54 3.35 2.945 Udaipur Mavli 4 5.88 16.8 11.34 3 7 10.2 8.6 Udaipur Salumber 6 1 7.49 4.245 7 2.6 9.73 6.165 Udaipur Sarara 4 1.05 8.5 4.775 4 1.74 7.86 4.8

Page 44 Page 45 Page 46 Page 47 Page 48 APPENDIX II

REVISED REPORT ON THE SPOT STUDIES OF WATER SITUATION IN DROUGHT AFFECTED AREAS OF TELANGANA STATE

A draft report was sent vide this office letter no. 3/4/2004/GC(Tech)/348-49 dated 25.4.2016 prior to the receipt of letter No. CWC/TC/G-12/2015 dated 2.5.2016 and letter no. 4/57/CWC/2015-WM/220-21 dated 6.5.2016. Now the report earlier submitted has been used to cover the terms of reference (ToR’s) listed in the letter dated 2.5.2016.

1.0 INTRODUCTION Telangana State is consisting of 10 Districts and spread in an area of 1,12,077 square Kms with the population of 3.5 Cr. Telangana State is an important State in Nation's Food Production. Most of the population who live in rural areas, agriculture is the mainstay of their livelihood. Majority of State's workforce is engaged in Agriculture and allied activities, and agriculture accounts for around 18% of State's total Gross Domestic Product. Mahabubnagar district is the largest district with an area of 18432 Sq.Kms, followed by Adilabad (16105), Khammam (13266), Nalgonda (14240), (12846), Karimnagar (11823), Medak (9699), Nizamabad (7956), Rangareddy (7493). Hyderabad district covers an area of 217 square KMs and is the smallest district in the State. Large extent of cultivable area is under rainfed cultivation. Agriculture continues to be monsoon dependant, primarily on South West Monsoon through which State receives nearly 80% of its rainfall. 2.0 Terms of reference As mentioned in MoWR’s orders are referenced below.

I. To Analyse the Problem and Causes leading to water scarcity in Telangana

The water scarcity is due to deficient Rainfall, for the want of efficient management of water resources,excess population growth, etc. Some of the major reasons for water scarcity are:

1. Deficient Rainfall.

There is a deficient rainfall in Telangana in the last two years. It may be due to deforestation and (development of EL Nino etc).

Rainfall Statistics

As per the Rainfall data provided by IMD, State received an average annual rainfall of 638.1 mm during the year 2015-16 till March, 2016, with the deficit of 28.7% over the normal rainfall

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Page 49 of 895.3 mm. State received an average annual rainfall of 682.1 mm during the year 2014-15, with the deficit of 25% over the normal rainfall of 905.3 mm. One worthy observation to note is that the quantum and spread of rainfall was not uniform across the districts. A disparate trend is noticed between the four monsoon months and the same has a direct bearing on the area brought under the plough and production obtained.

THE SEASON WISE RAINFALL DURING THE YEAR 2015-16 (till March, 2016)

Sl. Normal 2014-15 2015-16 % of Deviation. Status

South- West Monsoon (June to September) 1 755.1 494.7 599.4 -21 Deficit North-East Monsoon (October to December) 2 119.5 54.4 25.8 -78 Deficit Winter Period (January to February) 3 11.2 13 1.5 -87 Normal Hot Weather period (March to May)

4 9.5 120 11.4 20 Excess

(till March) Total 895.3 682.1 638.1 -28.7 Deficit

During the South-West Monsoon season, Telangana State recorded an average rainfall of 599.4 mm. with the deficit of 21% when compared to the normal rainfall of 755.1 mm. On Comparison of rainfall recorded during the South-West Monsoon season, normal rainfall was received only in Khammam and Warangal Districts, in remaining 8 Districts registered deficit rainfall.

The month wise rainfall during South West monsoon period of 2015-16

S1. No. Month Normal Actual %of Deviation.

1 June 135.9 216.3 59

2 July 238.1 79.3 ‐67

3 August 218.8 150.4 ‐31

4 September 162.3 153.4 ‐6 Total 755.1 599.4 ‐21

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Page 50 The statement showing the district wise actual rainfall in the State vis-à-vis the normal rainfall along with deviation is given at Annexure-I. An Index map indicating the details of Actual, normal and deficit/excess in rainfall during 2015-16 till March, 2016 is given at Annexure-II. Also, Deviation of district wise rainfall in Telangana during 2015-16 from IMD sites is given at Annexure-III.Due to deficit rainfall in the State, the storage positions in the irrigation projects have drastically been reduced. The detail of the same is given below.

2. Depletion of Ground Water Levels due to over exploitation of ground water.

The depth to groundwater levels recorded in April 2016 ranges from 4.60 m to 54.10 m. Deep water levels with more than 20 m are recorded in 137 mandals of the wells monitored during April 16. The mandals with deep water levels is more in the districts of Medak (36), Mahabubnagar (27), Nalgonda (18), Nizamabad (16), and Ranga Reddy (13). When the average ground water levels of April 2015 with April 2016 are compared a fall in average water levels is observed in all the districts of the entire State. The fall in water level is observed in the ranges from 0.99 m to 5.99 m. The highest fall in average water level is observed in (5.99 m) followed by Medak (5.36 m). The data indicates there is a fall in 343 mandals in the state, Medak (39), Nizamabda (33), Mahabubnagar (53), Ranga Reddy (28), Karimnagar (51), Nalgonda (43), Adilabad (36), and Warangal (32) and Khammam (23) mandals in the State.

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Page 51

The average ground water level for the State in the month of April 2016 is 15.66 m whereas it was 12.77 m during the same period in the previous year. The deep water levels during the April 2016 when compared to the last year (2015) water levels is due to 24% deficit rainfall received during 2014-15 and 25% during 2015-16 resulting in the net fall of 2.89 m during this year. The trend is indicated in the graphbelow and the details are given in Annexure-IV.

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Page 52 3. Reduction in Traditional Water Recharging Areas. Rapid is having an impact on traditional water bodies which otherwise would have also acted as ground water recharging mechanism.

4. Inefficient use of water for agriculture. Telangana is one of the top growers of agricultural produce in India and therefore they consumelarge amount of water for Irrigation. Traditional techniques of irrigation cause maximum water loss due to , drainage, percolation, water conveyance, and excess use of groundwater. The Water Use Efficiency (WUE) for the irrigation projects in Telangana State is about 33%. As more areas come under traditional irrigation techniques, the stress for water available for other purposes will continue. The water needs to be optimally used and there is also a need to have a mix of traditional crops and horticulture or less water intensive crops. 5. Lack of adequate drinking water supply. Govt. of Telangana has taken up a program “Mission Bhagiratha” (Telangana Water Grid) andits objective is to provide 100 liters of clean drinking water per person in rural households and 150 liters per person in urban households. This project aims to provide water to about 25,000 rural habitations and 67 urban habitations. In this project the main trunk pipelines would run about 5,000 km, and the secondary pipelines running a length of about 50,000 km would be used to fill service tanks in habitations. From here the village-level pipeline network of about 75,000 km would be used to provide clean drinking water to households. Government has sanctioned Rs 4,000 crore for the FY 2015-16 out of a total project cost of 35,000 crore. Panchayat Raj, Rural Development, Rural Water Supply department has prepared the design for the project.

6. Water due to and drainage into traditional water bodies. The entry of sewage and into water bodies is severely shrinking the availability of potable water. eg.Hussainsagar tank, Hyderabad.Government intervention at the source is urgently required if this problem is to be tackled.

7. Release of chemicals and into rivers, streams and ponds. Strict monitoring and implementation of laws by the government, NGOs and social activists is required. As per the Water Quality data analysis in Godavari basin, Dissolved in Telangana state at Mancherial () only below class B (5 mg/l).

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Page 53 The details showing variation of Dissolved Oxygen at 16 Water Quality sites of CWC in Godavari basin since its inception, 10 years and yearly averages along with trend is given below.

8. De-silting operations in water bodiesthat can increase the water storage capacity. Govt. of Telangana has taken up the program “Mission Kakatiya” for de-silting of 45,000+ tanks and (MI tanks) under RRR scheme. Similarly, Governments at State levels has to take up de-silting operations in large water bodies (Reservoirs) on priority as an annual practice. This act alone can significantly add to the water storage levels. 9. Lack of efficient water management. The distribution of water between urban consumers, the agriculture sector and is highly skewed. Further there is over-exploitation of ground water, pumping from rivers, the existing cropping pattern also needs to be studied and alternate less water consuming crops are to be promoted considering overall water scenario. The extent of irrigation requirement has increased beyond the defined potential leading to additional water demand over and above the planned. M/o Water Resources, River Development & Ganga Rejuvenation, Govt. of India is conducting Mass awareness programs regarding Water Conservation, Optimization of water use efficiency and Management. In this connection, Organization 6

Page 54 (KGBO), CWC, Hyderabad has conducted the mass awareness programs i.e. HamaraJalHamaraJeevan in the water stressed villages one in each district of Telangana State, a District level training program in Nalgonda and State level Workshop at Hyderabad to leading farmers, NGO’s and Water Users Associations (WUA’s) in co-ordination with State Govt. water resources officers.The government needs to enhance its investment in technology and include all stakeholders at the planning level to ensure optimization of existing resources. 10. Population. The water availability is affected due to huge population growth. In 1951, the per capita water availability was about 5177 m3. This has now been reduced to about 1545 m3 in 2011. Further this availability would be reduced to 1345m3 and1140m3 by the end of 2025 and 2050 respectively. II. IdentifyWater Resources Management challenges. 1. Water allocation for various uses. Water use plan needs to be developed every year based on inflows, forecasts and available storages and giving priority for drinking water. 2. Development of . Implementation of Infrastructure development in water supply and irrigation, i.e additional water storage structures, and water harvesting and water recharge structures needs to be constructed.

3. Integrated water resources management’ (IWRM). It expresses the idea that water resources should be managed in a holistic way, co- coordinating and integrating all aspects and functions of water extraction, water control and water-related service delivery so as to bring sustainable and equitable benefit to all those dependent on the resource. 4. Establishing governance and institutional frameworks. Institutional reforms have been undertaken in many countries, correlating well with countries implementing legal and policy reforms. The aim has been to increase joint decision-making at national level, facilitate management at the basin level and to legitimize stakeholder structures at community level. In Telangana State, Central Govt. has established Management Board(KRMB) and Management Board(GRMB) etc. to resolve the inter-State water issues.

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Page 55 5. Water use efficiency. While water use efficiency is high priority in a good majority of countries, it is clear that introduction and implementation of water efficiency measures. In Telangana State water use efficiency is about 33%. As per the National Water Policy it should be increased by 20% in five years. 6. A gradual but positive trend in financing for water resources development and management with more diverse sources of finance, but little progress on payment for water resources services, more effort is needed to increase the same. 7. Creating the enabling environment. Implementing changes in water laws in what has been a far-reaching outcome. 8. Sharing of Water. As the water resource is finite and its utilisation needs to be equitable, efficient and planned, the challenge will be to bring all sector strands of management together.

III. Identify gaps in water information and identify plans to recharge. 1. Ground Water

There is need to increase density of piezometers with telemetry, which help for taking timely decisions and preparing contingency plans for crop selection and water supply plans. There should be proper coordination among all line department and advisories are to be given to all stake holders.CGWB in association with GWD, Govt.of Telangana has prepared artificial recharge plans for 42 Over Exploited(OE) mandals, with a total cost of 731.09 crores. In all, 819 Check dams, 245 percolation tanks, 80,995 recharge shafts, 19,200 farm ponds etc have been proposed. Details of work plan for prolonged strategyis given in Annexure– V.

2. Water Quality. There are pollution control laws and institutions, but these have not been able to prevent the growing pollution and of water sources and systems, which in effect makes much of the `available’ water resources unusable. This is in fact a great threat (if not greater) to security as the `scarcity’ about which alarm bells have been ringing. What needs to be done is clear enough (prescription and continuous review of standards; their enforcement, not forgetting the cumulative impact of individual clearances and permits;

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Page 56 making the polluter pay; adopting and moving towards clear, time-bound goals in regard to desired water quality; and so on), but not much of this has begun to happen as yet.

3. Planning and Development of Water Resources Projects. Some of the concerns in planning and development of Water Resources Projects are as follows:Planning has by and large tended to proceed on the basis of discrete, individual projects. These are not conceived of as part of a truly integrated, holistic, environmentally harmonious, participatory planning for an area.

4. One of the key indicators for assessment of the achievement of irrigation development is irrigation potential created and utilization thereof. There is a system for regular feedback on these key indicators from State irrigation/water resources/public works departments supplemented with census for minor irrigation schemes. Independent feedback is also available from State Agricultural Departments on Gross Irrigated Area which also conceptually corresponds to the irrigation potential utilized. In reality, however, there is a wide variation in the figures available from the two sources i.e. irrigation departments and agriculture departments. 5. Extension, Renovation and Modernization (ERM) of Irrigation Projects. Water can be supplied to more command area under the ERM project. 6. Technology Upgradation / Micro Irrigation System 7. Considerable savings in water can be achieved by adoption of sprinkler, drip/micro- sprinkler irrigation systems in water scarcity areas, having conditions conducive to their application. Actual field studies indicated water saving of 25 to 33 per cent and increased yield upto35 percent with sprinkler system compared with normal surface irrigation method. Further, 10-16percent more area is available for crops as channels and ridges are not required. 25 to 60 percent water is saved in drip method and increased yield upto 60 percent is obtained compared with conventional surface irrigation methods. 8. Some of the other measures for improving the irrigation water use efficiencies are: Lining of Conveyance system, Operation and Maintenance, Appropriate Water Pricing, Ensuring right and timely water supply / Automation, Enhanced Stakeholder’s involvement in Water Management, Performance Evaluation, Benchmarking of Irrigation System, Water Audit, Policy Changes and Administrative Initiatives, Private Sector Participation, R&D Efforts, On Farm Management such as Reducing Application Losses, Irrigation Scheduling, Provision of drainage and Conjunctive Use of Surface and groundwater etc.

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Page 57 9. In recent years there has been a growing perception of a looming water scarcity. In several countries are engaged in research programmes on the possibilities of conflict over scarce naturalresources, particularly water. There is a currently fashionable thesis that future wars will be fought over water, not oil. That is a debatable proposition, but the prognosis of acute water scarcity in the not too distant future cannot easily be disputed. 10. There is a need for continued and expanded research on the health effects associated with the use of recycled water and other alternative water sources. 11. The questions coming to any Water Resources Professional comprises of  Assessment of water availability and its variability together with the impact of climate change  Projections of demand to supply-side solutions in the form of `water resource development’ projects;  Current water use efficiencies are pretty low  Falling per capita availability of water  Depleting ground water levels  Water quality both in surface and ground water  Estimate the massive investment funds needed;  Take note of the severe limitations on the availability of financial resources with governments;  leading to food and security of the country

12. Total water demand in Telangana state is expected to rise day by day, in part because of a swelling population. If “business as usual” continues, many of Telangana's river basins won’t have adequate water resources to meet development needs and protect the environment. India will need to make large investments in recharging groundwater,, micro-irrigation and other water-saving technologies to boost crop yields and avert regional water crises.

IV. Long Term Solutions.

1. The indiscriminate exploitation of Ground Water should be strictly prohibited (The Number of bore well per square meter and depth of bore well). 2. Cropping Pattern. The existing cropping pattern also needs to be studied and alternate less water consuming crops are to be promoted considering overall water scenario. 3. Adoption of Conjunctive use of Surface and Ground water resources.

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Page 58 4. Implementation of Artificial Recharge proposals and their maintenance including the existing water harvesting structures to overcome the recurring water crisis. 5. Extensive use of micro-irrigation techniques such as drip and sprinkler irrigation will increase water use efficiency. 6. Encouraging community for Participatory Water Management in Surface and Ground water sharing. 7. Afforestation. Planting of trees in semi-arid areas attracts rainfall. This way, agricultural practices such as irrigation are carried out efficiently. In addition, afforestation acts as a catchment for water and soil conservation.It prevents the erosion of the top soil to a great extent and thereby the silting up of the beds of impounded lakes will be greatly reduced. 8. Population control. The problem of availability of water will increase with increase in population and even problems of water can’t be controlled. It is the fact that in earlier years if the dug well is dried up we have gone to bore well of more than 1500 ft. depth. 9. Outdoor water-use restriction Regulating the use of sprinklers, hoses or buckets on outdoor plants, filling swimming pools, and other water-intensive home maintenance tasks can significantly reduce unnecessary water use by residents of towns and cities. 10. Drought monitoring Parameters leading to drought such as Rainfall, Water use, Storages, Irrigation cropping pattern etc. shall be monitored. Continuous observation of rainfall levels and comparisons with ground water levels can help prevent man-made water scarcity. For instance, analysis of ground water usage and level can reveal that their water (underground water level) is put at grave risk by over-use of to crop and exploitation. Careful monitoring of moisture levels can also help predict increased risk for . 11. Rainwater Harvesting Collection and storage of rainwater from roofs or other suitable catchments i.e percolation tanks, pits and trenches. 12. We need to urgently revive traditional aquifers while implementing new ones. 13. Recycled water Former wastewater (sewage) that has been treated and purified for reuse. 14. Transvasement (Inter-linking) Building canals or redirecting rivers as massive attempts at irrigation in drought-prone areas.

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Page 59 15. Awareness programs. Very often, we see water leaking in our homes, in public areas and colonies. A small steady water leak can cause a loss of about 226,800 liters of water per year. Unless we are aware and conscious of water wastage we will not be able to avail the basic quantity of water that we need to carry on with our normal .

V. Protection, Management and Restoration of Water bodies.

1. The entry of sewage and industrial waste into water bodies is severely shrinking the availability of potable water. The problem has been compounded with increased concretization due to urban development that has choked ground water resources. This is the genesis of a very serious emerging crisis. If we do not understand the source of the problem we will never be able to find sustainable solutions. 2. Excess migration of population to the city coupled with unplanned construction in all directions, resulted in traditional aquifers, which existed in and around the city, being blocked. As an example, Osmansagar and Himayatsagar lakes in Hyderabad. 3. Every independent home/flat and group housing colony must have rain water harvesting facility. If efficiently designed and properly managed, this alone can reduce the water demand significantly. 4. Water bodies perform significant environmental, social and economic functions, ranging from being a source of drinking water, recharging groundwater, flooding control, supporting and providing livelihoods. Despite knowing their environmental, social and economic significance city planners have willfully neglected and destroyed these water bodies. Today these water bodies are encroached, and polluted with full of sewage and . Because of unplanned urbanization, much of the around the lakes has been covered by impervious surfaces. As a result, instead of rainwater, it is the sewage and effluents that are filling up urban water bodies. 5. Urban water bodies have been faced several threats to unplanned urbanization in India. These are pollution, encroachment, , illegal activities, ungoverned tourist activities and cultural misuse. However, today, in India there are a number of government and non-government organizations that are involved in the protection and management of water bodies. Without making people aware of the environmental and economic importance of their local water bodies and, harmful impacts of polluting and destroying these water bodies, it is almost impossible to protect our water bodies. If

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Page 60 people can be made aware of all these then automatically they will contribute in protecting their local water bodies and the law can be easily implemented in the society. Special Purpose Vehicles (SPVs) for management and conservation have also been set up in many parts of the country. 6. There are number of government and non-government organizations working for the protection of water bodies, systematic strategy and coordination among them and effective institutional framework to manage water bodies is needed for results in long- term improvements. 7. The water bodies restoration programme and management plans often lack a approach towards its management. For example in many cases, the urban lakes are encompassed by a wall. The lakes without a well managed shoreline loss their natural ability to maintain their balance in various situations. A well managed shoreline plays an important role in protecting the water body e.g. by filtering before the water runoff enters the lake. 8. From the lake management point of view, vegetation was a hazard for the water body as it multiplies the organic load. 9. Sometimes the storm water alone was not enough to fill the lake. The treated from the nearby can be diverted to the water bodies. In order to revive the water quality, facultative anaerobic bacterial consortium shall be introduced in surface water to reduce Biological Oxygen Demand, and to improve the levels of dissolved oxygen. 10. In many cases we do not even have correct data on the number of water bodies that exists in a particular area. This situation underlines the fact that the urban water bodies will continue to be under stress, encroached and manipulated to be used for alternative use. 11. Under the water body restoration projects, the restoration of the catchments of a water body is often ignored or mismanaged and most of the money and the efforts are spent on the beautification and temporary improvements of water quality. Without a healthy catchment a lake is no more than a tank and has no abilities to maintain its water balance by its own. As a result, the restoration projects produce short-term results only.

12. All 182 nos. of water bodies received from Telangana State under RRR scheme have been included. The 102 nos.of proposals are also sent for inclusion under RRR and 45 nos. of proposals are under examination.

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Page 61 3.0 Mitigation Measures by Rural Water Supply Dept. (RWS) and Action Plan by Govt. of Telangana: Since the pressure will be on the ground water based systems, the order of mitigation measures start with:  Addition of extra lengths of raiser pipes, connecting rods and bore well sources (Hand Pumps) wherever feasible;  flushing of bore well to improve yield and if required deepening the existing bore wells after geophysical surveys;  Drilling of a new bore well shall be the last option as the ground water table is already depleted and is at its lowest level.  Crash Program conducted from 20th January 2016 for a period of 45 days. - During which every drinking water source and systems are Inspected, and checked.  Preventive and curative maintenance are attended for 15,707 hand pumps out of 1,57,569 HPs in the State.  Out of 160 MVS Schemes, repairs and renewals are undertaken for 115 MVS Schemes.  Against the contingent action plan for taking up of immediate temporary measures an amount of Rs.77.50 crores were released to the 231 mandals of 7 drought declared districts;  Besides, the State Government has also accorded administrative sanction for an amount of Rs 217.23 crores for attending urgent nature of works like: - replacement of age old motors; - repairs/replacement of old pipelines/valves; - augmentation of scheme sources to improve drinking water supply level for the summer 2016.  Monitoring cells at State and District levels are constituted to receive the complaints on drinking water problems and redress them with special drive;  One CE to each two districts allotted for close monitoring the situation in addition to special teams for each mandal formed by district collector;  Special drive is taken up to complete on-going Schemes, so that water can be released to solve the drinking water problem in vulnerable habitations;  Further, in coordination with the Animal Husbandry Dept., cattle is also being supplied water through cattle troughs;  Top Priority is given to energize the drinking Water Supply schemes and

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Page 62 synchronization power supply for effective functioning of MVSs.  Hiring and transportation sanctions are accorded instantly based on field assessment;  Newly proposed sources are identified, invariably by conducting hydro-geological investigations and use of HGM maps by NRSA;

SUPPLY OF DRINKING WATER i) Rural Water Supply for 9 Districts except Hyderabad Rural Water Supply and Department is the nodal agency in the State for providing drinking water and sanitation facilities in rural areas under RWS sector. The drinking water facilities are being provided by various types of schemes such as bore wells with hand pumps, PWS Schemes, CPWS Schemes etc.,

Regular monitoring of drinking water situation will be continued on daily basis at State Level. As on date, 1,907 habitations having population of 26,38,901 are supplied drinking water through transportation by water tankers while 3,369 habitations having population of 36,79,810 are supplied drinking water by hiring private sources/borewells. The abstract of daily report on drinking water situation (Drought) report showing the detail of transportation of water by vehicles and hiring of private sources is given at Annexure-VI. ii) Urban Water Supply There are 62 and 5 Municipal Corporations in Telangana State. The maintenance of Water Supply in 62 Municipalities and 5 Municipal Corporations is being looked after by the respective Municipalities / Corporation, and the Water Supply and facilities in the twin cities of Hyderabad and Secunderabad (GHMC) is being looked after by Hyderabad Metro Water Supply and Sewerage Board (HMWSSB). iii) Water Supply by Hyderabad Metro Water Supply and Sewerage Board(HMWSSB). Hyderabad Metropolitan Water Supply & Sewerage Board (HMWSSB) is providing drinking water for the entire area of GHMC including certain villages in Ranga Reddy, Medak, Mahboobnagar and Nalgonda Districts which are declared as drought hit. HMWSSB is directly or indirectly through Rural Water Supply Department (RWSD) supplying water to certain villages in the above mentioned districts. In total

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Page 63 about 29 Mandals in 4 districts which are declared as drought hit are being given water supply by HMWSSB. • The Osman sagar and Himayathsagar reservoirs are located in Ranga Reddy District and 15 Mandals out of total 33 Mandals which are declared as drought hit are being given water supply by HMWSSB. • The Singoor and Manjeera reservoirs are located in Medak District and 4 Mandals out of total 46 Mandals which are declared as drought hit are being given water supply by HMWSSB. • The Nagarjunasagar reservoir is located in Nalgonda District and 5 Mandals out of total 22 Mandals which are declared as drought hit are being given water supply by HMWSSB. • In Mahboobnagar District out of 64 Mandals declared as drought hit 5 Mandals are being given water supply by HMWSSB through RWS Dept.,. It is anticipated that there will be severe water crisis till next monsoon. "Bore wells which used to supplement the water requirements have likely to go dry because of drought condition prevailing in the State. Hence, the problem will be further compounded. a) For Hyderabad City: Four Major reservoirs that supplying water to Hyderabad are running dry for the first time in 30 years. Hyderabad needs 660 MGD but presently 335 MGD could be supplied. As on date, from Osmansagar (Gandipet), Singur and Manjeera reservoirs are dried up and presently no water is being drawn against normal drawl of 25.00 MGD, 120 MGD and 120 MGD respectively while 4 MGD is being drawn against normal drawl of 15 MGD from HimayatSagar. Further, from Krishna Phase-III (Nagarjunasagar reservoir) and Godavari (Yellampally barrage) 260 MGD and 85 MGD is being drawn against normal drawl of 270 MGD and 172 MGD respectively.  Besides, Govt. of Telangana adopted few innovative methods for providing drinking water supply as given below. Excavation of open well to tap subsurface water in River Godavari at Basar village of MudholeMandal. -Estimated cost of Rs. 10 lakhs under crucial balance fund 2015-16.  Open well size 100 x 50x 25 feet depth serving 2 lakhs litres of water per day with two 7.5 hp motors pumping to Basar temple one lakh litres at Koneru and one lakh litres at sump of temple.

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Page 64 At Narayankhed, one of the most backward areasand constituency headquarters;  Diverted water from Nallavagu to Narayankhed; About 30,000 people in constituency headquarters; and  20,000 in 27 villages and Tandas;  Rs.20 lakhs spent;  1100 Ipm-50HP pump set lifting to about 100m;  Utilising Narayankhed Phase-2 pipelines pumping in reverse;  Drilled bore wells in river Manjeera near intake wells at Borancha village in ManoorMandal and served 20 villages;  Setup secretion ponds near : 15 lakh Itrs of water is being supplied to 28 villages having population of about 11,000.

CONCLUSION: It is concluded from the annual and seasonal monsoon rainfall data, Discharge data and Ground Water scenario during the current year that there is severe drought and water crisis in the State of Telangana. In view of the depleting ground water levels and levels in reservoirs, the drinking water situation is worsening further. Being drinking water is the first priority, it is very essential to provide drinking water supply for the people of urban, sub-urban and rural areas of the State. Keeping in view the present situation, Govt. of Telangana as mitigation measures initiated few methodologies/schemes for meeting the demand from the available water resources which are discussed in the report.

It is always advised to the State Governments based on the IMD forecasts and other similar forecasts before the onset of the monsoon to use the water accordingly.During the current year advisory was issued to use to water judiciously. The situation has worsened because the irrigation water requirement has not been curtailed proportionate to the deficit. The scarcity is because of deficit rainfall as well for the want of better water management practices.

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Page 65 Page 66 Page 67 Page 68 Page 69 Page 70 Page 71 Page 72 Page 73 Page 74 Page 75 Page 76 Page 77 Page 78 Page 79 Page 80 Page 81 Page 82 Page 83 Page 84 Page 85 APPENDIX III

Page 86 GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES, RIVER DEVELOPMENT & GANGA

REJUVENATION

Drought in Karnataka Status Report

April 2016

Monitoring South Organization Central Water Commission Bangalore Page 87

CWC TEAM INVOLVED IN STATUS REPORT

1. MR J.HARSHA DIRECTOR MONITORING SOUTH ORGANIZATION CENTRAL WATER COMMISSION JALASOUDHA, HMT POST, BANGALORE

2. MR ANAND KUMAR DEPUTY DIRECTOR (MONITORING) MONITORING SOUTH ORGANIZATION CENTRAL WATER COMMISSION JALASOUDHA, HMT POST, BANGALORE

3. MR MOHANKUMAR ASSISTANT DIRECTOR (MONITORING) MONITORING SOUTH ORGANIZATION CENTRAL WATER COMMISSION JALASOUDHA, HMT POST, BANGALORE

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Contents

1. Introduction 2. Objective of the report 3. Method 4. River Basins of Karnataka 5. Declared drought prone regions of Karnataka 6. Rainfall pattern and deficit in Jan, Feb, March and mid-April, 2016 7. Reservoir levels in the State of Karnataka as on 16.04.2016 8. Status of Minor Irrigation tanks as on September, 2015 9. Groundwater depth fluctuation in post-monsoon – Findings of CGWB in 2012 10. Status of Irrigation Projects in Karnataka as per CWC Team visit 11. Conclusions 12. Recommendations 13. Limitations

Page 89

1. INTRODUCTION

The state of Karnataka lies in Southern India. The state consists of 30 districts, 176 taluks and 27,397 villages as on 18.04.2016. The location of the state is shown in the figure‐1. The region of the State receives high average annual rainfall whereas the rainfall decreases from West to East due to the location of region in rain‐shadow region.

2. OBJECTIVE

To assess the water crisis and drought scenario in the state of Karnataka as on 18.04.2016.

3. METHOD

a. DATA AVAILABLE WITH VARIOUS ORGANIZATIONS OF GOVERNMENT OF KARNATAKA b. DATA FURNISHED BY GOVERNMENT OF KARNATAKA c. CWC TEAM VISITS TO VARIOUS IRRIGATION PROJECTS BETWEEN JANUARY – MARCH 2016 d. CWC TEAM INTERACTION WITH FARMERS DURING VISITS TO VARIOUS DISTRICTS BETWEEN JANUARY – MARCH 2016 e. DATA AVAILABLE WITH CENTRAL GROUND WATER BOARD.

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4. RIVER BASINS OF KARNATAKA

The state of Karnataka is drained by rivers like Krishna, Cauvery, Pennar, Palar and Manjra. The major river basins of the state are: Krishna, Cauvery, Pennar, Palar and Godavari (Manjra is a tributary of Godavari River). The coastal districts Dakshina Kannada, Udupi and Uttara Kannada are drained by West Flowing Rivers. Large parts of Karnataka are drained by Krishna and Cauvery river basins.

The river basins of the state of Karnataka are shown in the figure below.

River Basin divisions of the State of Karnataka

Source: India‐WRIS.2012, River Basin Atlas of India, RRSC‐West, 4 – Krishna River Basin; 5 – Cauvery River Basin NRSC, ISRO, Jodhpur, India. 3 – Godavari River Basin; 9 – Pennar River Basin

Figure-1

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5. DECLARED DROUGHT PRONE REGIONS OF KARNATAKA

According to Government of Karnataka notification vide GoK letter no.RD 234/TNR 2013 (3) Bengaluru dt 16.11.2013 & No.RD 234/TNR 2013 (3) Bengaluru dt 21.12.2013 letters (enclosed) the state of Karnataka has been affected by droughts since 2013. About 64 taluks (blocks) in Karnataka were declared as drought hit in November, 2013 and subsequently another 34 taluks were included as drought prone in December, 2013. In all about 98 taluks were declared drought hit in Karnataka as on 2013. The list of taluks is shown in the Table-1.

As on 2015, the drought has been identified in 135 taluks of 27 districts of Karnataka according to Karnataka State Natural Disaster Monitoring Centre. The drought affected taluks are illustrated in the figure-2 shown below:

Figure‐2

Page 92 TABLE 1. Districts and their in Karnataka declared in 2013 as drought‐prone (vide GoK letter no.RD 234/TNR 2013 (3) Bengaluru dt 16.11.2013 & No.RD 234/TNR 2013 (3) Bengaluru dt 21.12.2013 letters enclosed)

S.No. District Taluk 1 Bengaluru Urban 1.Bengaluru South 2 Ramanagar 2.Kanakapura 3.Magadi 4.Ramanagara 5.Channapatna 3 Kolara 6.Bangarpet 7.Mulabagilu 8.Srinivasapura 4 Chickaballapura 9.Bagepalle 10.Chickaballapura 11.Chinthamani 12.Shidlaghatta 5 Tumakuru 13.Chikkanayakanahalli 14.Gubbi 15.Madhugiri 16.Pavagada 17.Shira 18.Koratagere 19.Tumukuru 20.Kunigal 21.Turuvekere 6 Chitradurga 22.Challakere 23.Hiriyuru 24.Hosadurga 25.Molakalmuru 7 Davangere 26.Jagaluru 27.Harappanahalli 8 Chamarajanagara 28.Chamarajanagar 29.Gundlupete 30.Kollegala 31.Yelanduru 9 Mysuru 32.Krishnarajanagara 33.Mysuru 34.Nanjanagudu 35.T.Narasipura 10 Mandya 36.Krishnarajapete 37.Madduru 38.Pandavapura 39.Srirangapatna 40.Nagamangala 41.Mandya 42.Malavalli 11 Ballari 43.Ballari 44.Hosapete 45.Hagari Bommanahalli 46.Kudlagi 47.Sanduru 48.Siraguppa 49.Hadagali 12 Koppala 50.Gangavati 51.Yalaburga 52.Kushtagi 13 Kalaburgi 53.Jewargi 54.Alanda 55.Kalaburgi 14 Yadagiri 56.Shahapura

Page 93 57.Yadagiri 58.Shorapura 15 Belagavi 59.Bailahomgala 60.Belagavi 61.Chikkodi 62.Gokak 63.Hukkeri 64.Khanapura 65.Ramadurga 66.Rayabhaga 67.Savadatti 16 Bagalakote 68.Badami 69.Bagalakote 70.Beelagi 71. Mudhola 72.Hunagunda 17 Vijayapura 73.Vijayapura 74.Muddebihala 75.Indi 18 Gadaga 76.Naragunda 77.Rona 78.Shirahatti 19 Haveri 79.Haveri 80.Hanagalla 81.Savanuru 82.Shiggavi 20 Dharawada 83.Dharawada 84.Hubballi 85.Kalagatagi 86.Kundagola 21 Hassan 87.Arakalagudu 88.Beluru 89.Channarayapatna 90.Arasikere 91.Hassan 92.Holenarasipura 22 Uttara Kannada 93.Haliyala 94.Mundagoda 95.Yellapura 23 Bangalore Rural 96.Doddaballapura 24 Raichuru 97.Sindhanuru 25 Chikkamagaluru 98.Kaduru

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Page 98 6. RAINFALL PATTERN AND DEFICIT IN JAN, FEB, MARCH AND MID‐APRIL, 2016

Table‐2 shows the weighted average rainfall pattern that has occurred in various districts of Karnataka since 1st January, 2016 till 16th April, 2016. In January, 2016, districts like Kalaburagi, Yadgir, Bidhar, Belagavi, Balgalkote, Dharwad and Vijayapura have received deficit rainfall. It is to be noted that all these districts Kalaburagi, Yadgir, Bidar, Belagavi, Balgalkote, Dharwad and Vijayapura are located in North Karnataka particularly in Krishna River Basin. Rest of Karnataka i.e. South and Coastal Karnataka barring Kodagu has received normal to above normal rainfall in January, 2016.

But in February, 2016, the rainfall pattern showed further decline from the normal in almost all districts of Karnataka. Barring coastal districts like Udupi and Uttara Kannada, the rainfall pattern shows deficit in South and North Karnataka.

Though in March, 2016, there is slight above normal rainfall in North Karnataka, the comparison of the quantity of above normal to that of deficit in January and February 2016 indicates inadequate rainfall in these districts. From 1st April, to 16th April, the deficit trend in rainfall is witnessed in almost all districts of Karnataka. The cumulative pre‐monsoon rainfall from January to 16th April, 2016 has shown a significant reduction in rainfall with North Karnataka districts like Yadgir, Koppal, Raichur being severely affected; while almost all districts in Cauvery and Krishna river basin of Karnataka have shown a trend of deficit rainfall during these period.

RAINFALL PATTERN DISTRICTWISE IN JANUARY, FEBRAURY, MARCH AND APRIL, 2016

(UPTO 16TH APRIL, 2016)

Table‐2

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7. RESERVOIR LEVELS IN THE STATE OF KARNATAKA AS ON 16.04.2016

As indicated in Section‐4 of this report, Karnataka is facing drought since last 2 years. In correlation with the deficit in rainfall pattern from 1st January to 16th April, 2016, the water levels in all major reservoirs of Karnataka also have declined. The quantity of water available in all major reservoirs in Karnataka is show in the Table – 3 shown below. As shown in the Table, the quantity of water available in major reservoirs of Karnataka is precariously low. The water levels in Krishna river basin reservoirs like Tungabhadra that provides water for districts like Koppal, Ballari etc is mere 7%, and Ghataprabha that provides water for districts like Belagavi, Vijayapura etc is around 13%. Similarly, Alamatti, Malaprabha reservoirs of North Karnataka possess very less water. Overall, the scenario in Krishna river basin of Karnataka state and particularly North Karnataka is grave.

The rainfall pattern over South Karnataka particularly in Cauvery basin also has shown a decline particularly in the months of February, March and mid‐April, 2016. Therefore, the water levels in KRS is mere 25%, Kabini 35%, Hemavathy 14% etc. Therefore, even the scenario in Cauvery river basin particularly in districts of Mandya and Chamarajanagar may face water shortages if the rainfall in rest of the month of April and May, 2016 does fail.

The table also shows that in many of the North Karnataka reservoirs like Linganamakki, Supa, Ghataprabha, Alamatti etc., the inflows to reservoirs has reduced substantially.

SOURCE: KARNATAKA STATE NATURAL DISASTER MONITORING CENTRE

Table – 3

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WATER LEVEL IN THE RESERVOIRS OF KRISHNA BASIN IN KARNATAKA AS ON 14.04.2016. Correspo nding AS PER DESIGN Capacity Reservoir (TMC) % of Sl. Name of the Date level Storage as No Reservoirs F.R.L. (Feet) on this day (Feet) Gross GROSS Capacity Capacity (MCft)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

2158.00 14.04.2016 2103.58 21.544 30.12 1 Bhadra 71535 14.04.2015 2126.58 38.079 53.23

1633.00 14.04.2016 1579.25 3.845 3.81 2 Tungabhadra 100855 14.04.2015 1575.98 2.659 2.64

2175.00 14.04.2016 2078.93 4.350 8.53 3 Ghataprabha 51000 14.04.2015 2100.53 9.840 19.29

2079.50 14.04.2016 2037.25 4.780 12.67 4 Malaprabha 37730 14.04.2015 2044.53 7.346 19.47

1704.81 14.04.2016 1665.370 19.916 16.18 5 Almatti 123081 14.04.2015 1667.04 21.746 17.67

1615.00 14.04.2016 1597.539 14.318 42.98 6 Narayanpur 33313 14.04.2015 1596.92 13.843 41.55

Total Capacity 14.04.2016 68.75 417514 TOTAL (MCft) 14.04.2015 93.51 Source: Government of Karnataka

Table – 4

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8. STATUS OF MINOR IRRIGATION TANKS AS ON SEPTEMBER, 2015

The scenario in the major reservoirs has been precarious in the state of Karnataka. But, a look at the status of Minor Irrigation Tanks way back in September, 2015 indicates severe water shortage existing as early as September, 2015. Data from Karnataka State Natural Disaster Monitoring Center shows that substantial MI Tanks in North Karnataka was already dried up way back in September, 2015 itself, particularly, in Vijayapura, Kalaburagi, Bidar, Bagalkote, Gadag and also in South Karnataka districts of Chikkaballapur, Kolar, Tumakuru, Chamarajanagar etc. Therefore, as on date, the status of MI Tanks, in light of deficit rainfall pattern (between Jan – April, 2016 as shown in Section‐7 of this report), could be deduced as even more severe than that existed way back in September, 2015.

Figure ‐3

Page 102 9. GROUNDWATER DEPTH FLUCTUATION IN POST‐MONSOON – FINDINGS OF CGWB IN 2012

Though, the status of groundwater in various districts of Karnataka as on date 16.04.2016 isn’t readily available, the findings of Central Ground Water Board w.r.t the groundwater table and depth way back in 2012 points to a grim scenario of groundwater table in the state of Karnataka.

As drought persists since last 2 years along with deficit rainfall since January 2016, there is hardly any scope of recharge of groundwater to levels to meet the current water crisis in the state of Karnataka. Due to the deficit rainfall since January, 2016, and due to the persistent drought for last 2 years, it can be reasonably concluded that the groundwater tables have plummeted beyond the levels observed way back in 2012 in the state of Karnataka. The level of groundwater in 2012 is shown in the figure‐4 below. The fact that MI Tanks have also dried up substantially as on date as deduced in Section‐8 gives credence to the fact that the scope of recharge of groundwater has been very limited since January, 2016.

Therefore, the groundwater scenario in the state of Karnataka particularly in North Karnataka, and in South Karnataka districts of Tumakuru, Kolar, Chikkaballapura, Chitradurga can be concluded as grim as on date.

Figure‐4 Source: Central Ground Water Board, 2012

Page 103 10. STATUS OF IRRIGATION PROJECTS IN KARNATAKA AS PER CWC TEAM VISIT

CWC team from Monitoring South Organization visited a number of water resources projects funded under central assistance between December, 2015 and March, 2016. Some of the projects visited are Gandorinala, Ghataprabha, Malaprabha, Bhima LIS, Minor Irrigation schemes and micro‐ irrigation sites. Some of the districts covered were Mandya, Tumakuru, Chitradurga, Davangere, Kalaburagi, Belagavi etc.

During the visit, CWC team noticed several shortcomings in the execution of canal network in the case of major/medium projects, lack of progress in command area development, dilapidated canal network due to lack of maintenance, land acquisition problems, lack of planning etc. Farmers in the command area in Gandorinala were critical of the manner in which the scheme was executed (A report on Gandorinala project has already been sent to MoWR and NITI Aayog in March, 2016). Farmers revealed that water barely reach half the stretch of the Left Bank Canal instead of tail end.

Visit to micro‐irrigation sites in Tumakuru and Mandya districts revealed that farmers had to mandatorily possess source of groundwater such as borewell or a rainwater harvesting structure to avail the subsidies to adopt micro‐irrigation in their farms. The drilling of borewell or open well itself require substantial investment which is a limitation for farmers.

All the above mentioned lacunae in the existing irrigation projects cause man‐made water crisis for agriculture; the poor execution of canal network cause uneconomical use of water in the command area and lack of control over volume of water let out for farms. These poor execution and management of irrigation projects accentuate the already existing water crisis due to drought in the state of Karnataka and compound water shortages due to already low water levels in reservoirs and depleting ground water table.

As a proof, some of the photos that reveal the condition of the major/medium projects of North Karnataka are shown in this report.

Gandorinala Project in Gulbarga (Kalaburagi) District, North Karnataka (visited by CWC team, March 2016)

Completely destroyed Shahbad Stone Lining of FIC – Dy.42

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Discussions of CWC team with local farmer at Km 79.80 of LBC (weed growth and blocked LBC)

Condition of Dy.5 LBC at Km 13.62

Condition of Dy.4 LBC at Km 13.62 (Outlet is closed, how does water flow to farms?)

Figure ‐ 5

Page 105 Ghataprabha Project in Belagavi District, North Karnataka

Conditions of canal network and outlets

Figure‐6

Malaprabha Project in Belagavi District, North Karnataka

Conditions of canal network and outlets

Figure‐7

Page 106 11. CONCLUSIONS:

 The State of Karnataka is facing drought scenario since last 2 years.  As on 2015, about 135 taluks out of 176 taluks in 27 districts are facing drought and water shortage.  The rainfall pattern since 1st January – 16th April, 2016 indicate substantial deficit in many districts of the state of Karnataka.  Reservoirs of the state have very less storage left both in Krishna and Cauvery river basin.  Though North Karnataka is facing severe water crisis, South Karnataka is also facing water crisis as on date.  Water Tanks have dried up, ground water levels have plummeted in many districts of Karnataka  Inefficient executions of centrally funded projects accentuate the crisis in drought scenario.

12. RECOMMENDATIONS:

 Priority of water use should be assigned for domestic/drinking water for human and livestock consumption as the water level in reservoirs is very low.

 Inefficiencies in water distribution network in towns and cities should be rectified and wherever leakage is detected, accountability has to be fixed.

 Institutional problems in water resource departments like inefficiency, lack of dedicated water managers, and lack of capacity building should be rectified.

 Awareness should be increased regarding consequences of wasteful use of potable water.

 Existing water tanks, reservoirs shall be desilted wherever feasible so that their capacity is increased to store any future rainfall in coming months.

 More water harvesting structures shall be constructed to ensure of water into ground.

13. LIMITATIONS OF THIS STATUS REPORT:

1. Generally, information specifically related to current water crisis and drought situation in Karnataka are not shared by Government of Karnataka with Regional Office.

2. Information of water crisis in every village//district is available with respective district administration. To receive more information from district administration adequate time is required for Regional Office to correspond.

3. The State Govt and District Administration have been written to furnish status reports on water crisis and drought situation in the state by 19.04.2016. The same will be submitted on receipt.

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Page 108 APPENDIX IV

REVISED REPORT ON THE SPOT STUDIES OF WATER SITUATION IN DROUGHT AFFECTED AREAS OF ANDHRA PRADESH STATE

A draft report was sent vide this office letter no. 3/4/2004/GC(Tech)/361-62 dated 2.5.2016 prior to the receipt of letter No. CWC/TC/G-12/2015 dated 2.5.2016 and letter no. 4/57/CWC/2015- WM/220-21 dated 6.5.2016. Now the report earlier submitted has been revised to cover the terms of reference (ToR’s) listed in the letter dated 2.5.2016.

1.0 INTRODUCTION The Andhra Pradesh State is consisting of 13 Districts and spread in an area of 1,62,975 km2 with a population of 5.0 crores. Andhra Pradesh is an important State in contributing enormously for National Food basket. Most of the people live in rural areas and depends on Agriculture for their lively hood. Majority of the State’s work force depend on the Agriculture sector as the State is basically an agrarian State.

Anantapur district is the largest district with an area of 19,130 km2 followed by Kurnool (17,658), Prakasam (17,626), YSR (15,359), Chittoor (15,151), SPS (13,076), Guntur (11,391), (11,161), East Godavari (10,807), Krishna (8,727), West Godavari 7,742), Vizianagaram (6,539) and Srikakulam is the smallest district in the State and spread over an area of 5,839 km2.

Large extent of cultivable area is under rain fed cultivation. Agriculture continues to be monsoon dependent, primarily on South West Monsoon through which State receives most of the rainfall.

2.0 Terms of reference As mentioned in MoWR’s orders are referenced below. I. To Analyse the Problem and Causes leading to water scarcity in Andhra Pradesh

The water scarcity is due to deficient Rainfall, for the want of efficient management of water resources,excess population growth, etc. Some of the major reasons for water scarcity are:

1. Deficient Rainfall.

There is a deficient rainfall in Andhra Pradesh in the last two years. It may be due to deforestation and climate change (development of EL Nino etc).

Rainfall Statistics

The Annual normal Rainfall in the State is 554.1 mm, most of which is received from the South West Monsoon period i.e. during June – September, 2015.

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The State received an average annual rainfall (in mm) as shown below Sl.No Region Actual Normal Deviation (%) 1 Coastal Andhra 632.4 622.4 +2 2 Rayalaseema 334.6 406.6 -18

From the above table it is clear that the Coastal Andhra received 632.4 mm as against 622.4mm with a deviation of (+) 2 % and Rayalaseema region received 334.6 mm as against the normal of 406.6 mm with a deviation of (-) 18%.

The District and month wise rainfall during South West Monsoon -2015 Sl.No District Month- wise % deviation (2015) June July August September 1 Srikakulam 39 -45 -6 -11 2 Vizianagaram 105 -44 1 31 3 Krishna 146 -54 -17 -20 4 Guntur 86 -45 2 -14 5 Prakasam 16 -45 11 -19 6 Nellore -29 -70 61 0 7 Chittoor -10 -67 13 9 8 YSR Kadapa -10 -67 13 9 9 -2 -70 -1 25 10 Kurnool -41 -56 -42 25 Total 66 -54 -5 -3

From the above table it is observed that good rainfall is received in the month of June whereas in the months of July, August and September deficient rainfall is received.

District wise Rainfall (in mm) during South West Monsoon – 2015 South West Monsoon - 2015 Sl.No District Actual Normal % of Deviation 1 Kurnool 331.6 455.1 -27 2 Chittoor 341.0 439.4 -22

Page 110 3 YSR Kadapa 346.0 393.6 -12 4 Prakasam 342.9 388.3 -12 5 Srikakulam 641.2 705.7 -9 6 West Godavari 738.0 791.9 -7 7 Nellore 307.0 331.3 -7 8 Anantapur 319.5 338.4 -6 9 Krishna 643.1 685.1 -6 10 Guntur 518.4 525.8 -1 11 East Godavari 813.6 768.0 6 12 Vizianagaram 807.7 692.7 17 13 Visakhapatnam 879.8 712.6 23 State Average 523.0 556.0 -6

Kurnool District received the lowest Rainfall of 331.6 mm in the State followed by Chittoor (341.0 mm), YSR Kadapa (346.0 mm), Prakasam (342.9 mm), Srikakulam (641.2 mm), West Godavari (738.0 mm), Nellore (307.0 mm), Anantapur (319.5 mm), Krishna (643.1 mm), Guntur (518.4 mm), East Godavari (813.6mm), Vizianagaram (807.7 mm) and Visakhapatnam (879.8 mm).

The statement showing the district wise actual rainfall in the State vis-à-vis the normal rainfall along with deviation is given at Annexure-I. An Index map indicating the details of Actual, normal and deficit / excess rainfall during 2015-16 till March, 2016 is given at Annexure-II. Also, Deviation of district wise rainfall in A.P. during 2015-16 from IMD sites is given at Annexure III. Due to deficit rainfall in the State, the storage positions in the irrigation projects have drastically been reduced. The detail of the same is given below. Sl. Reservoir Dist FRL Gross 22-04-2016 22-04-2015 No (Ft) cap.

TMC TMC % TMC % 1 Dr.KLRS Guntur 175 45.8 0.73 1.5 0.04 0.08 Pulichintala 2 Krishna Delta Guntur System Prakasam Krishna W.G. 57.05 3.07 1.59 51.79 2.47 80.45

Page 111 3 Nagarjuna Guntur Sagar Prakasam Krishna 590.0 312.0 127.63 40.90 138.21 44.29 4 Srisailam Kurnool YSR 885.0 215.8 22.22 10.0 32.47 15.04 Kadapa 5 Tungabhadra R.Seema 1633.0 100.9 2.9 2.9 2.31 2.28 6 Kandaleru Nellore Chittoor 278.9 68.0 26.69 39.25 8.68 12.76 7 Somasila Nellore 330.0 73.9 27.73 37.52 11.01 14.89 8 Veligodu Kurnool Balancing YSR Reservoir Kadapa 868.5 17.0 0.29 1.70 2.71 15.94 9 Vamshadhara Srikakulam 125.0 0.61 0.04 6.55 0.04 6.55 10 Yeleru East Godavari 284.0 24.1 1.94 8.04 4.64 19.25

2. Depletion of Ground Water Levels due to over exploitation of ground water.

Perusal of 1108 piezometer data monitored by Ground Water Department, Govt.of Andhra Pradesh, indicates that the depth to groundwater levels recorded in March-2016 ranges from ground level to 95.73 m. Deep water levels more than 20m.bgl are recorded in 19% of the wells monitored during March-16 against 24% in May-15 for the State as a whole. The percentage of wells with deep water levels is more in the districts of Ananthapur(35%), West Godavari(33%), Prakasam (32%), Kurnool (26%),Guntur (23%), Kadapa (19%), Chittoor (18%) and East Godavari (13%).

The water level fluctuation during May-15 (Pre-monsoon) in comparison with March-16 (Post monsoon) Water levels indicates fall in most parts of Kurnool, Prakasam, Guntur, Krishna, west Godavari, East Godavari and Srikakulam districts, in some parts of Vizianagaram and Visakapatnam and in limited parts of other districts. The district-wise frequency of groundwater level fluctuation (March-15 to March-16) is given in Annexure-IV.

3. Reduction in Traditional Water Recharging Areas. Rapid urbanization is having an impact on traditional water bodies which otherwise would have also acted as ground water recharging mechanism. 4. Inefficient use of water for agriculture. Andhra Pradesh is one of the top growers of agricultural produce in India and therefore they consumelarge amount of water for Irrigation. Traditional techniques of irrigation cause

Page 112 maximum water loss due to evaporation, drainage, percolation, water conveyance, and excess use of groundwater. The Water Use Efficiency (WUE) for the irrigation projects in Andhra Pradesh State is about 33%. As more areas come under traditional irrigation techniques, the stress for water available for other purposes will continue. The water needs to be optimally used and there is also a need to have a mix of traditional crops and horticulture or less water intensive crops. 5. Lack of adequate drinking water supply.

Govt. of Andhra Pradesh has constituted the program ‘Water Conservation Mission’ by involving relevant line departments. Two aspects of the Mission are: (1) Water Conservation, which would take into account the total rainfall, surface flow and the ground water and prepare a plan to make its optimum use by preventing wastage into the sea. The approach has to be from the ridge to the valley and the major departments to be involved in this exercise should be Irrigation, , Rural Development and Ground Water. (2) Water Management, which would require making most efficient use of the conserved water for various sectors of state economy and the major departments involved in this exercise, would be agriculture, Animal Husbandry, Horticulture, , Rural and Urban Water Supply etc. Objective It is necessitated to increase the irrigated area thereby reducing the gap ayacut to increase the agricultural productivity and to make the farmers' livelihood sustainable. The Government of A.P has constituted the following seven missions to focus on the activities which are critical for the social and economic growth of the State and require the inter- departmental coordination. The Government of Andhra Pradesh has taken up Water Conservation Mission Neeru Chettu Sub-Mission under Primary Sector Mission with a vision to make the State a drought proof State and to eradicate the poverty and to reduce economic inequalities by better "water conservation and sustainable management". Neeru Chettu is interdepartmental convergence activity among "water conserving departments viz., Irrigation, Rural Development, Ground water, Forest, APSAC and water utilizing departments viz., Agriculture, Horticulture, Fisheries, Animal Husbandry, RWS, Municipal Administration and Urban Development".

Page 113 6. due to Sewage and wastewater drainage into traditional water bodies.

The entry of sewage and industrial waste into water bodies is severely shrinking the availability of potable water.

7. Release of chemicals and effluents into rivers, streams and ponds. Strict monitoring and implementation of laws by the government, NGOs and social activists is required. As per the Water Quality data analysis in Godavari basin, Dissolved Oxygen in Andhra Pradesh State at Polavaram () only below class A(6mg/l). The details showing variation of Dissolved Oxygen at 16 Water Quality sites of CWC in Godavari basin since its inception, 10 years and yearly averages along with trend is given below.

8. De-silting operations in water bodiesthat can increase the water storage capacity. Govt. of Andhra Pradesh under the Neeru-Chettu program has taken up Repairs, Renovation and de-silting of tanks by convergence with NREGA by utilizing State and Central Government funds. These works includes strengthening of Bunds, repairs to supply channels, weirs, sluices and distributary system. Similarly, Governments at State levels has to take up de-silting operations in large water bodies (Reservoirs) on priority as an annual practice. This act alone can significantly add to the water storage levels.

Page 114 9. Lack of efficient water management. The distribution of water between urban consumers, the agriculture sector and industry is highly skewed. Further there is over-exploitation of ground water, pumping from rivers, the existing cropping pattern also needs to be studied and alternate less water consuming crops are to be promoted considering overall water scenario. The extent of irrigation requirement has increased beyond the defined potential leading to additional water demand over and above the planned. M/o Water Resources, River Development & Ganga Rejuvenation, Govt. of India is conducting Mass awareness programs regarding Water Conservation, Optimization of water use efficiency and Management. In this connection, Krishna Godavari Basin Organization (KGBO), CWC, Hyderabad has conducted the mass awareness programs i.e. Hamara Jal Hamara Jeevan in the water stressed villages one in each district of Andhra Pradesh State, a District level training program in and State level Workshop at Gunturu to leading farmers, NGO’s and Water Users Associations (WUA’s) in co-ordination with State Govt. water resources officers.The government needs to enhance its investment in technology and include all stakeholders at the planning level to ensure optimization of existing resources. 10. Population. The water availability is affected due to huge population growth. In 1951, the per capita water availability was about 5177 m3. This has now been reduced to about 1545 m3 in 2011. Further this availability would be reduced to 1345m3 and1140m3 by the end of 2025 and 2050 respectively. II. IdentifyWater Resources Management challenges. 1. Water allocation for various uses. Water use plan needs to be developed every year based on inflows, forecasts and available storages and giving priority for drinking water. 2. Development of infrastructure. Implementation of Infrastructure development in water supply and hydropower irrigation, i.e additional water storage structures, and water harvesting and water recharge structures needs to be constructed.

3. Integrated water resources management’ (IWRM). It expresses the idea that water resources should be managed in a holistic way, co- coordinating and integrating all aspects and functions of water extraction, water control

Page 115 and water-related service delivery so as to bring sustainable and equitable benefit to all those dependent on the resource. 4. Establishing governance and institutional frameworks. Institutional reforms have been undertaken in many countries, correlating well with countries implementing legal and policy reforms. The aim has been to increase joint decision-making at national level, facilitate management at the basin level and to legitimize stakeholder structures at community level. The Central Govt. has established Krishna River Management Board (KRMB) and Godavari River Management Board (GRMB) etc. to resolve the inter-State water issues among the divided States of Telangana and Andhra Pradesh.

5. Water use efficiency. While water use efficiency is high priority in a good majority of countries, it is clear that introduction and implementation of water efficiency measures. In Andhra Pradesh State water use efficiency is about 33%. As per the National Water Policy it should be increased by 20% in five years. 6. A gradual but positive trend in financing for water resources development and management with more diverse sources of finance, but little progress on payment for water resources services, more effort is needed to increase the same. 7. Creating the enabling environment. Implementing changes in water laws in what has been a far-reaching outcome. 8. Sharing of Water. As the water resource is finite and its utilisation needs to be equitable, efficient and planned, the challenge will be to bring all sector strands of management together.

III. Identify gaps in water information and identify plans to recharge. 1. Ground Water There is need to increase density of piezometers with telemetry, which help for taking timely decisions and preparing contingency plans for crop selection and water supply plans. There should be proper coordination among all line department and advisories are to be given to all stake holders. CGWB in association with GWD, Govt. of A.P has prepared artificial recharge plans for 41 Over Exploited (OE) mandals, with a total cost of 749.52 crores. In all, 2,096

Page 116 Check dams, 428 percolation tanks, 3,104 recharge shafts, 16,300 farm ponds etc have been proposed. Details of work plan for prolonged strategy is given in Annexure– V.

2. Water Quality. There are pollution control laws and institutions, but these have not been able to prevent the growing pollution and contamination of water sources and systems, which in effect makes much of the `available’ water resources unusable. This is in fact a great threat (if not greater) to security as the `scarcity’ about which alarm bells have been ringing. What needs to be done is clear enough (prescription and continuous review of standards; their enforcement, not forgetting the cumulative impact of individual clearances and permits; making the polluter pay; adopting and moving towards clear, time-bound goals in regard to desired water quality; and so on), but not much of this has begun to happen as yet.

3. Planning and Development of Water Resources Projects. Some of the concerns in planning and development of Water Resources Projects are as follows: Planning has by and large tended to proceed on the basis of discrete, individual projects. These are not conceived of as part of a truly integrated, holistic, environmentally harmonious, participatory planning for an area.

4. One of the key indicators for assessment of the achievement of irrigation development is irrigation potential created and utilization thereof. There is a system for regular feedback on these key indicators from State irrigation/water resources/public works departments supplemented with census for minor irrigation schemes. Independent feedback is also available from State Agricultural Departments on Gross Irrigated Area which also conceptually corresponds to the irrigation potential utilized. In reality, however, there is a wide variation in the figures available from the two sources i.e. irrigation departments and agriculture departments. 5. Extension, Renovation and Modernization (ERM) of Irrigation Projects. Water can be supplied to more command area under the ERM project. 6. Technology Upgradation / Micro Irrigation System 7. Considerable savings in water can be achieved by adoption of sprinkler, drip/micro- sprinkler irrigation systems in water scarcity areas, having conditions conducive to their application. Actual field studies indicated water saving of 25 to 33 per cent and increased yield upto 35 per cent with sprinkler system compared with normal surface irrigation method. Further, 10 to16 per cent more area is available for crops as channels and ridges are not required. 25 to 60 percent water is saved in drip method

Page 117 and increased yield upto 60 percent is obtained compared with conventional surface irrigation methods. 8. Some of the other measures for improving the irrigation water use efficiencies are: Lining of Conveyance system, Operation and Maintenance, Appropriate Water Pricing, Ensuring right and timely water supply / Automation, Enhanced Stakeholder’s involvement in Water Management, Performance Evaluation, Benchmarking of Irrigation System, Water Audit, Policy Changes and Administrative Initiatives, Private Sector Participation, R&D Efforts, On Farm Management such as Reducing Application Losses, Irrigation Scheduling, Provision of drainage and Conjunctive Use of Surface and groundwater etc.

9. In recent years there has been a growing perception of a looming water scarcity. In several countries are engaged in research programmes on the possibilities of conflict over scarce naturalresources, particularly water. There is a currently fashionable thesis that future wars will be fought over water, not oil. That is a debatable proposition, but the prognosis of acute water scarcity in the not too distant future cannot easily be disputed. 10. There is a need for continued and expanded research on the health effects associated with the use of recycled water and other alternative water sources. 11. The questions coming to any Water Resources Professional comprises of • Assessment of water availability and its variability together with the impact of climate change • Projections of demand to supply-side solutions in the form of `water resource development’ projects; • Current water use efficiencies are pretty low • Falling per capita availability of water • Depleting ground water levels • Water quality both in surface and ground water • Estimate the massive investment funds needed; • Take note of the severe limitations on the availability of financial resources with governments; • Water security leading to food and energy security of the country

12. Total water demand in Andhra Pradesh state is expected to rise day by day, in part because of a swelling population. If “business as usual” continues, many of Andhra Pradesh's river basins won’t have adequate water resources to meet development

Page 118 needs and protect the environment. India will need to make large investments in recharging groundwater, rainwater harvesting, micro-irrigation and other water-saving technologies to boost crop yields and avert regional water crises.

IV. Long Term Solutions.

1. The indiscriminate exploitation of Ground Water should be regulated as per existing legal provisions. 2. Cropping Pattern. The existing cropping pattern also needs to be studied and alternate less water consuming crops are to be promoted considering overall water scenario. 3. Adoption of Conjunctive use of Surface and Ground water resources. 4. Implementation of Artificial Recharge proposals and their maintenance including the existing water harvesting structures to overcome the recurring water crisis. 5. Ground water recharge of sandstone aquifers in West Godavari and Krishna districts may be taken up by utilising surface waters of lift scheme. 6. Extensive use of micro-irrigation techniques such as drip and sprinkler irrigation will increase water use efficiency. 7. Encouraging community for Participatory Water Management in Surface and Ground water sharing. 8. Afforestation. Planting of trees in semi-arid areas attracts rainfall. This way, agricultural practices such as irrigation are carried out efficiently. In addition, afforestation acts as a catchment for water and soil conservation.It prevents the erosion of the top soil to a great extent and thereby the silting up of the beds of impounded lakes will be greatly reduced. 9. Population control. The problem of availability of water will increase with increase in population and even problems of water can’t be controlled. It is the fact that in earlier years if the dug well is dried up we have gone to bore well of more than 1500 ft. depth. 10. Outdoor water-use restriction Regulating the use of sprinklers, hoses or buckets on outdoor plants, filling swimming pools, and other water-intensive home maintenance tasks can significantly reduce unnecessary water use by residents of towns and cities. 11. Drought monitoring Parameters leading to drought such as Rainfall, Water use, Storages, Irrigation cropping pattern etc. shall be monitored. Continuous observation of rainfall levels and comparisons with ground water levels can help prevent man-made water scarcity. For instance, analysis

Page 119 of ground water usage and level can reveal that their water (underground water level) is put at grave risk by over-use of fertilizers to crop and exploitation. Careful monitoring of moisture levels can also help predict increased risk for wildfires. 12. Rainwater Harvesting Harvesting of rainwater through appropriate recharge methods duly considering existing storage and hydrogeological aspects. 13. Recycled water Wastewater (sewage) needs to be treated and put into for reuse for non drinking purposes. 14. Transvasement (Inter-linking) Building canals or redirecting rivers as massive attempts at irrigation in drought-prone areas. 15. Awareness programs. Very often, we see water leaking in our homes, in public areas and colonies. A small steady water leak can cause a loss of about 226,800 liters of water per year. Unless we are aware and conscious of water wastage we will not be able to avail the basic quantity of water that we need to carry on with our normal lives.

V. Protection, Management and Restoration of Water bodies.

1. The entry of sewage and industrial waste into water bodies is severely shrinking the availability of potable water. The problem has been compounded with increased concretization due to urban development that has choked ground water resources. This is the genesis of a very serious emerging crisis. If we do not understand the source of the problem we will never be able to find sustainable solutions. 2. Migration of population to the city coupled with unplanned development, resulted in aquifers, being under stress.

3. Every independent home/flat and group housing colony must have rain water harvesting facility. If efficiently designed and properly managed, this alone can reduce the water demand significantly. 4. Water bodies perform significant environmental, social and economic functions, ranging from being a source of drinking water, recharging groundwater, flooding control, supporting biodiversity and providing livelihoods. Despite knowing their environmental, social and economic significance city planners have willfully neglected and destroyed

Page 120 these water bodies. Today these water bodies are encroached, and polluted with full of sewage and garbage. Because of unplanned urbanization, much of the landscape around the lakes has been covered by impervious surfaces. As a result, instead of rainwater, it is the sewage and effluents that are filling up urban water bodies. 5. Urban water bodies have been faced several threats to unplanned urbanization in India. These are pollution, encroachment, eutrophication, illegal mining activities, ungoverned tourist activities and cultural misuse. However, today, in India there are a number of government and non-government organizations that are involved in the protection and management of water bodies. Without making people aware of the environmental and economic importance of their local water bodies and, harmful impacts of polluting and destroying these water bodies, it is almost impossible to protect our water bodies. If people can be made aware of all these then automatically they will contribute in protecting their local water bodies and the law can be easily implemented in the society. Special Purpose Vehicles (SPVs) for lake management and conservation have also been set up in many parts of the country. 6. There are number of government and non-government organizations working for the protection of water bodies, systematic strategy and coordination among them and effective institutional framework to manage water bodies is needed for results in long- term improvements. 7. The water bodies restoration programme and management plans often lack a ecosystem approach towards its management. For example in many cases, the urban lakes are encompassed by a wall. The lakes without a well managed shoreline loss their natural ability to maintain their balance in various situations. A well managed shoreline plays an important role in protecting the water body e.g. by filtering pollutants before the storm water runoff enters the lake. 8. From the lake management point of view, vegetation was a hazard for the water body as it multiplies the organic load. 9. Sometimes the storm water alone was not enough to fill the lake. The treated effluent from the nearby sewage treatment plant can be diverted to the water bodies. In order to revive the water quality, bioremediation facultative anaerobic bacterial consortium shall be introduced in surface water to reduce Biological Oxygen Demand, Nitrogen and to improve the levels of dissolved oxygen. 10. In many cases we do not even have correct data on the number of water bodies that exists in a particular area. This situation underlines the fact that the urban water bodies will continue to be under stress, encroached and manipulated to be used for alternative use.

Page 121 11. Under the water body restoration projects, the restoration of the catchments of a water body is often ignored or mismanaged and most of the money and the efforts are spent on the beautification and temporary improvements of water quality. Without a healthy catchment a lake is no more than a tank and has no abilities to maintain its water balance by its own. As a result, the restoration projects produce short-term results only.

12. The Government of Andhra Pradesh had taken a major initiative to improve the ground water levels in the entire State by de-silting the existing tanks, construction of new tanks by linking small streams and rivers. With the implementation of de-silting project and 'Neeru- Chettu program, a lot of water was saved when the three districts of Nellore, Kadapa and Chittoor received heavy rains during North-East monsoon in the State.

3.0 Mitigation measures by Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Department and Action plan by Govt. of Andhra Pradesh

• A summer contingency plan is prepared for tackling drinking water problem in rural areas. • Flushing/ deepening of bore wells/open wells. • Transportation, hiring of private sources • Filling of summer storage tanks, • Regular monitoring of scarcity areas is being done on daily basis at State level. • Water is being released to NS canals in Guntur and Prakasam districts for filling SS tanks in rural areas. • Water is being released from to Bandar Canal in Krishna Dist. for filling Summer Shortage tanks. • State Disaster response funds are utilized for drinking water supply to water scarcity areas. • A crash program is taken up for a period of 45 days from 10th February. • The Government has taken up Minor repair and relief works to mitigate Drinking water problem. • The commissioner Panchayat Raj and Rural Development issued directions to release Rs.1000/- for repairing hand pump. • Toll free number (1800 425 1899) is being operated at Head Office, Hyderabad to receive grievances and to redress them with special drive pertaining to drinking water problem in Rural areas.

Page 122 • Monitoring cells were constituted at District level to receive complaints on drinking water problems and redress them with special drive. PA to SE(DEE) is nodal officer for monitoring the drinking water at district level. • Chief Engineer-1, RWS&S is nominated as nodal officer for monitoring drinking water situation at the State level. • All Chief Engineer, RWS&S are kept as Nodal officer to districts (2 to 3 districts) for monitoring the drinking water situation and guiding the field staff. • Adverse News items in News papers are being monitored on daily basis at State level and effective steps are being taken to solve the drinking water problem • GPS Tracking system is introduced for tracking movement of water tankers. • Special drive is taken to complete on-going schemes, so as to solve the drinking water problem in the current summer months.

SUPPLY OF DRINKING WATER

Rural Water Supply for 13 districts: Rural water Supply and Sanitation Department is the nodal agency in the State for providing drinking water and sanitation facilities in rural areas under RWS sector. The drinking water facilities are being provided by various types of schemes such as bore wells with hand pumps, etc.,

Regular monitoring of drinking water situation will be continued on daily basis at State Level. As on 21/04/2016, 665 habitations having population of 9,81,389 are supplied drinking water through transportation by Water Tankers while 105 habitations having population of 91,873 are supplied drinking water by hiring private sources. The abstract of daily report on drinking water situation (Drought) report showing the detail of transportation of water by vehicles and hiring of private sources is given at Annexure-VI.

Urban Water Supply

There are 13 Municipal Corporations and 97 Municipalities in Andhra Pradesh State. The maintenance of Water Supply in them is being looked after by the respective Municipalities/Corporations.

CONCLUSION: It is concluded from the annual and seasonal monsoon rainfall data, Discharge data and Ground Water scenario during the current year that there is severe drought and water crisis in the State of Andhra Pradesh. In view of the depleting ground water levels and levels in reservoirs, the drinking water situation is worsening further. Being drinking water is the first

Page 123 priority, it is very essential to provide drinking water supply for the people of urban, sub-urban and rural areas of the State. Keeping in view the present situation, Govt. of Andhra Pradesh as mitigation measures initiated few methodologies/schemes for meeting the demand from the available water resources which are discussed in the report.

It is always advised to the State Governments based on the IMD forecasts and other similar forecasts before the onset of the monsoon to use the water accordingly. During the current year advisory was issued to use water judiciously. The situation has worsened because the irrigation water requirement has not been curtailed proportionate to the deficit. The scarcity is because of deficit rainfall as well for the want of better water management practices.

Page 124 Page 125 Page 126 Page 127 Page 128 Work Plan for Details of Artificial Recharge structures/ Water Consurvation Structures proposed in Over Exploited Mandals of Andhra Pradesh state

Number of Structures proposed in each category Recharge District Mandal Masonry Renovation Desilting, Repais Sprinkler/ shaft in Farm Amount in Check Percolatio and installation of rechaerge Drip/HDPE Piezometers Check Pond Lakh Rs. dams n Tanks Shafts in existing PTS pipes for 100 ha dam Agali 0 122 0 21 180 900 9 706.02 Amaduguru 16 66 7 17 300 1500 15 1243.20 Amarapuram 20 60 0 12 180 900 9 769.02 Battalapalli 14 108 7 28 220 1100 9 989.52 Brahmasamudrum 29 117 0 5 320 1600 16 1320.74 Gandlapenta 58 43 0 34 240 1200 12 1189.07 Hundupur 24 67 0 40 320 1600 16 1304.99 Kalyandurg 12 161 5 87 400 2000 20 1668.45 Khambadur 30 64 14 42 240 1200 12 1208.76 Kothacheruvu 43 71 12 5 460 2300 23 1978.25 Ananthapuramu Kundurpi 12 118 6 28 260 1300 13 1112.53 Lepakshi 10 92 0 9 240 1200 12 936.81 Madakasira 20 103 0 39 400 2000 20 1577.10 Pargi 10 78 0 8 320 1600 16 1203.41 Pedda Pappur 0 138 0 25 400 2000 20 1475.51 Putlur 26 140 7 30 460 2300 23 1898.72 Rolla 10 138 5 13 140 700 7 673.26 Tadimarri 6 103 3 15 280 1400 14 1096.62 47 59 0 6 540 2700 27 2143.52 Yadaki 22 181 10 75 280 1400 14 1358.60 Yellanuru 42 106 0 23 440 2200 22 1815.14

Page 129 Number of Structures proposed in each category Recharge Masonry Renovation Desilting, Repais Sprinkler/ District Mandal shaft in Farm Amount Check Percolatio and installation of rechaerge Drip/HDPE Piezometers Check Pond in Lakh dams n Tanks Shafts in existing PTS pipes for 100 ha dam Rs. Nindra 30 13 32 45 420 2100 21 1993.79 Pakala 116 39 0 29 580 2900 29 2657.18 Penumuru 51 36 0 79 480 2400 24 2021.93 Puthalapattu 87 27 0 65 500 2500 25 2260.91 Ramchandrapuram 76 83 29 157 460 2300 23 2495.38 Chittoor Ramakuppam 86 41 28 91 320 1600 16 1964.13 Ramasamudrum 0 35 20 57 360 1800 18 1528.07 Shantipuram 41 90 15 164 1200 6000 60 4724.48 Srirangarajapuram 90 145 0 104 760 3800 38 3275.27 Thavanampalli 71 31 0 28 600 3000 30 2484.83 Tirupathi (Rural) 50 11 0 1 580 2900 29 2266.58 Pulivendula 52 15 4 8 400 2000 20 1708.88 YSR.Kadapa Vemula 13 83 6 12 280 1400 14 1150.96 Krishna Musunuru 145 20 0 0 320 1600 16 1873.83 Dornala 181 58 66 18 380 1900 19 3001.32 Giddluru 168 69 67 56 440 2200 22 3195.10 Markapuram 83 67 0 36 460 2300 23 2092.70 Prakasam Peddaraveedu 52 17 0 13 380 1900 19 1603.51 Racherla 0 41 0 66 280 1400 14 1054.88 Yerragondapalem 253 48 85 29 480 2400 24 3929.26 AP Grand Total 2096 3104 428 1620 16300 81500 813 74952.23

Page 130 Page 131 APPENDIX V

Page 132 Page 133 Page 134 Central Water Commission Cauvery & Southern Rivers Organisation Coimbatore Status Report on water scarcity situation in the State of Tamil Nadu 1. Introduction Ministry of Water Resources, River Development & Ganga Rejuvenation (MoWR, RD & GR) vide their letter dt 08.04.2016 have asked CWC to prepare a Status Report on drought affected areas in the States in which severe drought condition is prevailing. Chief Engineer, HRM, CWC vide letter dated 12.04.2016 has asked the Regional Offices of CWC to prepare a Status Report in respect of select States under their jurisdiction. Accordingly, a Status Report has been prepared for the State of Tamil Nadu based on the material collected verbally from WRD Engineers and from the material available in C&SRO, CWC. The State of Tamil Nadu consists of 32 Districts, 226 Taluks, 10 Municipal Corporations, 125 , 385 Panchayat Unions (Blocks), 561 town Panchayats and 29,182 Villages as on 18.04.2016. The District map of the Tamil Nadu State is enclosed at Annexure-1.The State of Tamil Nadu was severely affected by drought during 2013 Non-monsoon season. 2. Rainfall:

Based on the Weekly report of IMD, the Rainfall in Tamil Nadu & Puducherry during the period 01.06.2015 to 20.04.2016 is as under: Sl. Period Rainfall Normal Rainfall % of Deficit / No. During Period in mm Surplus in mm Monsoon 1 01.06.2015 to 30.09.2015 285.8 317.20 -9.90 2. 01.10.2015 to 31.12.2015 665.30 438.20 +51.83 Total for Monsoon 951.10 755.40 +25.91 Non Monsoon 1 01.01.2016 to 01.02.2016 3.30 30.90 -89.32 2 01.03.2016 to 20.04.2016 8.20 43.2 -81.02 Total (from 01.01.2016 to 11.50 74.1 -84.48 20.04.2016)

It can be seen from the above table that, the rainfall during the period from 01.01.2016 to 20.04.2016 in Tamil Nadu & Puducherry is only 15.52 % of the normal rainfall which shows a deficit of 84.48 % due to which the Ground water table and the water level in the Major Reservoirs are drastically reduced.

Page 135

Further it could be seen from the IMD rainfall distribution map for Tamil Nadu for the period from 01.03.2016 to 20.04.2016 (Annexure-2), that the rainfall has been deficient by 20 to 59 % of normal rainfall in 2 districts, large deficient by 60 to 99 % of normal rainfall in 19 districts and by 100 % deficit in 11 districts. 3. River Systems and existing water availability: The river systems in the State of Tamil Nadu have been divided into 17 basins as shown in the map enclosed as Annexure-3. Planning and development of water resources have been taking place in the State considering these basin units. The State has large number of water bodies/ tanks used mainly for irrigation in addition to other purposes. It is observed that most of these tanks have been silted up and the storage capacity has been reduced considerably and needs to be desilted. The regulating system and other components of the water bodies also need major repairs. 4. Storage position of Important Reservoirs: The storage position of 17 important reservoirs of Tamil Nadu, Karnataka & Kerala collected for uploading on the website of CWC is compared as on 31st March and 25th April for the years 2013 to 2016 and is furnished at Annexure-4. It can be seen from the Annexure-4 that, the overall position of current live storage of the 8 important reservoirs in Tamil Nadu is better than the year 2013 and 2014 due to excess rainfall during current North East monsoon season, but as on 25th April 2016 it is 41.89 % less than that of year 2015 due to 84.48 % of deficit rainfall during the Non monsoon season. 5. Water Scarcity situation: As per the information available with this office, the State Government of Tamil Nadu, till date this year, has not declared any area as drought affected. The list of DPAP Taluks in the State, as per MoWR, RD & GR letter F-11- 1/2008 CADWM dt 06.11.2008, is enclosed at Annexure-5. As per the Ground water categorization statement (Annexure-6) of Central Ground Water Board report on Dynamic Ground Water Resources –2011, 33% of the blocks in the State are in over exploited category. This clearly indicates that, the ground water resources have also been depleting year after year and hence, there is not much resource left to meet the current need.

Page 136 6. Short/ Long-term Mitigation measures: Tamil Nadu has developed its water resources to a very large extent. Most of these irrigation projects are very old. Due to insufficient maintenance / lack of resources most of them are understood to be running below their capacity to serve. There is large scope for modernization of most of these irrigation networks, to save water and divert to drought prone areas. As a short-term/ long-term planning approach, lift irrigation schemes, intra-basin water transfers, construction of minor irrigation schemes, desalination plants, RRR of water bodies and on-farm increase in water use efficiency are some of the measures for mitigating the severe water scarcity and drought situation in the State. 7. Final Observation: As per the information available with this office, the State Government of Tamil Nadu, till date this year, has not declared any area as drought affected. However from the rainfall pattern and storage position in reservoirs, it is evident that many districts in the State are staring at severe water scarcity situation. The Status Report is prepared with the available information in this office and information shared verbally by State Government Officers. The State Government has been written letters to furnish the water scarcity and drought situation in the State which will be submitted on receipt of the same. ********

Page 137 Page 138 Page 139 Page 140 ANNEXURE - 4 Comparison of Important Reservoir Storage position in Tamil Nadu / Karnataka / Kerala 31.03.2013 31.03.2014 31.03.2015 31.03.2016 25.04.2013 25.04.2014 25.04.2015 25.04.2016 Name of the Water Live Water Live Water Live Water Live Water Live Water Live Water Live Sl.No Water Level Live Storage Resevoir Level Storage Level Storage Level Storage Level Storage Level Storage Level Storage Level Storage in Ft in TMC in Ft in TMC in Ft in TMC in Ft in TMC in Ft in TMC in Ft in TMC in Ft in TMC in Ft in TMC

1 Mettur 27.40 6.53 48.40 16.820 73.03 35.358 57.18 22.631 24.19 5.408 35.69 9.978 70.59 33.210 52.89 19.681

2 Bhavani Sagar 857.24 2.831 867.58 5.082 873.38 6.746 858.94 3.140 848.74 1.573 857.06 2.799 867.51 5.064 844.70 1.133

3 Parambikulam 1760.91 5.48694 1773.24 7.464 1773.07 7.435 1775.52 7.855 1760.50 5.426 1769.37 6.816 1769.46 6.830 1764.19 5.986

4 Aliyar 988.60 0.53926 1008.00 1.309 1034.75 2.829 1002.40 1.052 990.20 0.588 1010.90 1.451 1040.40 3.204 1000.75 0.979

5 Sholayar 3152.02 0.27477 3142.86 0.149 3134.95 0.053 3169.61 0.573 3160.24 0.405 3132.60 0.028 3135.65 0.061 3159.75 0.397

6 Vaigai 45.87 1.496 29.23 0.339 35.50 0.636 36.71 0.711 38.55 0.837 24.02 0.184 38.68 0.846 31.99 0.454

7 Periyar 113.10 1.409 110.30 0.959 111.20 1.102 110.80 1.038 112.50 1.312 109.70 0.864 113.30 1.442 110.20 0.943

8 Amaravathi * * 1111.14 0.304 1115.09 0.402 1105.43 0.192 * * 1102.09 0.142 1121.55 0.608 1106.85 0.218

18.567 32.426 54.562 37.192 15.549 22.261 51.266 29.792

9 Kallada 309.38 4.24836 330.45 7.070 346.06 9.627 357.74 12.141 296.26 2.924 310.04 4.326 331.86 7.243 348.26 10.100

10 Idukki 2313.60 9.6962 2349.00 23.203 2355.34 25.954 2337.04 18.182 2308.26 7.979 2337.20 18.243 2348.96 23.186 2326.30 14.131

11 Idamalayar 449.08 8.85834 480.61 15.478 487.07 16.985 464.27 11.951 436.29 6.717 463.39 11.767 469.03 12.942 449.08 8.858

12 Kakki * * 3144.10 5.946 3167.12 8.088 3166.43 8.023 * * 3105.49 3.272 3146.63 6.175 3148.27 6.328

13 Gerusoppa * * 160.79 3.419 153.97 3.062 156.04 3.165 * * 170.87 3.990 172.38 4.080 168.31 3.840

14 Harangi 2797.96 0.387 2808.68 1.333 2797.71 0.698 2795.23 0.575 2798.49 0.413 2809.07 1.360 2799.64 0.793 2795.25 0.576

15 Hemavathy 2866.40 1.002 2868.89 4.827 2869.35 4.928 2865.58 3.833 2865.40 0.761 2866.63 4.086 2866.70 4.103 2864.74 3.635

16 Kabini 2248.16 0 2270.11 7.886 2272.30 8.988 2257.57 2.605 2246.92 0.000 2266.06 5.990 2269.50 7.591 2251.98 0.787

17 K.R.Sagara 72.60 0 96.25 15.612 97.73 16.682 83.10 7.819 68.52 0.000 86.86 9.750 89.12 11.018 80.47 6.594

* Data from Amaravathi , Kakki and Gerusoppa dam collected only after Sep/ 2013

Page 141 Page 142 Page 143 Page 144 Page 145 Page 146 Page 147 APPENDIX VI

भारत सरकार GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

मई, 2016 May, 2016

उ�र �देश म� सूखे से �भािवत क्षे�� म� पानी क� िथित पर �कये गए अ鵍ययन क� �रपोट셍 ON THE SPOT STUDY OF WATER SITUATION IN DROUGHT AFFECTED AREAS OF UTTAR PRADESH

के ꅍ � ी य जल आयोग CENTRAL WATER COMMISSION एवं के ꅍ � ी य भूिम जल बोड셍 CENTRAL GROUND WATER BOARD

लखनऊ LUCKNOW

Page 148 भारत सरकार GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

उ�र �देश म� सूखे से �भािवत क्षे�� म� पानी क� िथित पर �कये गए अ鵍ययन क� �रपोट셍

ON THE SPOT STUDY OF WATER SITUATION IN DROUGHT AFFECTED AREAS OF UTTAR PRADESH JOINTLY DONE BY

के ꅍ � ी य जल आयोग के ꅍ � ी य भूिम जल बोड셍 CENTRAL WATER COMMISSION CENTRAL GROUND WATER BOARD जानवी सदन उ�री क्षे�, , 21/496, Northern Region, JAHNAVI SADAN, 21/496, भूजल भवन, से啍टर-बी इं�दरा नगर Bhujal Bhawan, Sector-B, INDIRA NAGAR सीतापुर रोड योजना, लखनऊ-226016 Sitapur Road Yojana, LUCKNOW – 226 016 लखनऊ-226021 LUCKNOW – 226 021

मई, 2016 May, 2016

VISIT FOR ON THE SPOT STUDY OF WATER SITUATION IN DROUGHT AFFECTED AREAS IN UTTAR PRADESH

Page 149

Date of visit : 09.5.2016 to 11.5.2016

OFFICERS WHO PARTICIPATED IN ‘ON THE SPOT STUDY VISIT’

CENTRAL WATER COMMISSION, LUCKNOW

1. Sh. Ashis Banerjee, Director, Monitoring & Appraisal Directorate 2. Sh. Asheesh Kr. Pandey, Assistant Director, Monitoring & Appraisal Directorate 3. Sh. Suresh Chandra Tripathi, Assistant Engineer (Communication), UGBO

CENTRAL GROUND WATER BOARD, LUCKNOW

1. Sh. Y.B. Kaushik, Regional Director

2. Sh. J.P. Gautam, Scientist-D

STATE IRRIGATION DEPARTMENT

1. Sh. M.V. Singh, Superintending Engineer, Drainage Circle, Gonda

2. Sh. Babulal, Executive Engineer, Chittorgarh Dam Construction Division, Balrampur

INDEX

Page 150 Para No. Description Page No.

PART-I

1.0 BACKGROUND 1

2.0 DROUGHT AFFECTED DISTRICTS IN UTTAR PRADESH 2

3.0 CAUSES OF DROUGHT 2-4

4.0 CHALLENGES 4

4.1 SURFACE WATER : LIVE STORAGE CAPACITIES OF RESERVOIRS 4

4.2 GROUND WATER SCENARIO 4-6

5.0 LONG TERM SOLUTIONS 6-7

6.0 AREAS VISITED AND OBSERVATIONS & SUGESTIONS 7-10

7.0 MEDIA COVERAGE 10

PART–II : PHOTOGRAPHS Name of the reservoirs / sites visited Page. No. RESERVOIRS IN BALRAMPUR DISTRICT 11-22 MEJA RESERVOIR IN MIRZAPUR DISTRICT 23 SITES VISITED IN BUNDELKHAND REGION 24-29

PART–III : ANNEXURES AND APPENDIX

Annexure No. Details of Annexure Page No.

LETTER FROM GOVT. OF UTTAR PRADESH DECLARING DROUGHT AFFECTED ANNEXURE-1 30-32 DISTRICTS ANNEXURE-2 RAINFALL DATA OF ALL 75 DISTRICTS OF UTTAR PRADESH 33-43 ANNEXURE-3 LIVE STORAGE CAPACITY OF VARIOUS RESERVOIRS AS ON 31.3.2016 44-46 ANNEXURE-4 LIST OF ONGOING AND PROPOSED PROJECTS IN UTTAR PRADESH 47-55 ANNEXURE-5 LIST OF VARIOUS PROJECTS IN BUNDELKHAND REGION 56-58 ANNUAL RAINFALL PATTERN IN BUNDELKHAND REGION FROM 2010 TO ANNEXURE-6 59 2015 CAPACITY / STATUS OF 4 NOS. WATER BODIES & CANAL SYSTEMS UNDER ANNEXURE-7 60-64 KEN CANAL DIVISION, STATE IRRIGATION DEPARTMENT, BANDA ANNEXURE-8 MEDIA REPORT ON WATER SITUATION IN BUNDELKHAND REGION 65 APPENDIX-I DISTRICT-WISE FIGURES OF DYNAMIC GROUND WATER RESOURCE 66 APPENDIX-II OBSERVED WATER LEVEL CHANGES 67 APPENDIX-III GROUND WATER SCENARIO IN BUNDELKHAND REGION 68-73

Page 151 ON THE SPOT STUDY OF WATER SITUATION IN DROUGHT AFFECTED AREAS OF UTTAR PRADESH

1.0 BACKGROUND:

Ministry of Water Resources, River Development & Ganga Rejuvenation vide letter no. T-28021/1/2016-GW Desk dated 25.4.2016 conveyed constitution of Technical Team for on the spot study of water situation in drought affected / water scarce regions/areas of Country. As per the direction received from MoWR, RD & GR, the Technical Team would comprise of officers of CWC, CGWB and State Water Resources Department.

To initiate the task of “on the spot study of water situation in drought affected areas in Uttar Pradesh”, State Irrigation Department was requested to nominate an officer of the rank of Superintending Engineer to act as a link between State Irrigation Department & CWC/CGWB and coordinate for furnishing relevant information / documents available with State Irrigation Department. Further, in this connection a meeting was held at Central Water Commission, Lucknow on 05.5.2016 wherein Director (M&A), CWC, Lucknow; Regional Director, CGWB, Lucknow; Superintending Engineer, Circle-IV, Irrigation Works, Jhansi (nominated officer from State Irrigation Department), officer from State Ground Water Board and Minor Irrigation Department participated and provided some information / data required for the said study.

Subsequently, teams comprising of Director (M&A), CWC, Lucknow, Regional Director, CGWB, Lucknow along with officers of State Irrigation Department and State Ground Water Department visited various drought affected districts in Bundelkhand Region as well as Balrampur and Gonda district of Eastern Uttar Pradesh during 9th to 11th May, 2016.

During the visit, some of the water bodies / reservoirs in the districts were visited and interactions were held with the local people facing water scarcity. Further, discussions were also held with the concerned officers of the State Government and information from the State Irrigation Department and State Ground Water Department were collected.

Based on the field visit and information collected from various agencies of State Government, a report on “on the spot study of water situation in drought affected areas of Uttar Pradesh” has been prepared.

Page 152 2.0 DROUGHT AFFECTED DISTRICTS IN UTTAR PRADESH:

It was informed by the officers of State Government that 50 districts were declared drought affected in Uttar Pradesh. In this regard, a communication no. 453/1-11- 2014-07 (G)/2015 dated 19.11.2015 from the Principal Secretary (Revenue), Govt. of Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow (source: http://rahat.up.nic.in/goorder.aspx) is appended as Annexure-1 vide which 50 districts of Uttar Pradesh were declared drought affected. Names of all the drought affected 50 districts are as under: Table-1 :Drought affected districts

Name of the drought Name of the drought affected Sl. No. Sl. No. affected district district 1. Sant Ravidas Nagar 26. Ghaziabad 2. Sonbhadra 27 Farrukhabad 3. Sultanpur 28. Mau 4. Mirzapur 29. Unnao 5. Ballia 30. Rampur 6. Sidharthnagar 31. Hamirpur 7. Shahjahanpur 32. Lalitpur 8. Banda 33. Chitrakoot 9. Pratapgarh 34. Kanpur Nagar 10. Chandauli 35. Lucknow 11. Etawah 36. Deoria 12. Basti 37. Mainpuri 13. Baghpat 38. Maharajganj 14. Jaunpur 39. Agra 15. Faizabad 40. Auraiya 16. Gonda 41. 17. Kannauj 42. Amethi 18. Barabanki 43. Mahoba 19. Sant Kabir Nagar 44. Raebareli 20. Jhansi 45. Kushinagar 21. Jalaun 46. Kanpur Dehat 22. Gorakhpur 47. Kaushambi 23. Hathras 48. Fatehpur 24. Etah 49. Ambedkar Nagar 25. Allahabad 50. Balrampur

3.0 CAUSES OF DROUGHT:

3.1 One of the main causes of drought in the above districts is deficit rainfall in 2015. District-wise normal and actual rainfall (from June to 14th October) in the year 2015 and Rainfall during June’2014 to May’2015 in the above 50 districts is shown in the table below:

Page 153 Table-2 :District-wise rainfall Rainfall in mm 2015 Normal Normal June’14 - May’15 Sl. Name of the drought Rainfall (June-14.10.2015) Rainfall No. affected district (June- Actual % to its (June to May Actual % to its 14.10.2015) Rainfall normal of next year) Rainfall normal 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1. Sant Ravidas Nagar 947.1 554.8 58.6 1052.3 756.5 71.9 2. Sonbhadra 1018.1 592.5 58.2 1134.1 702.2 61.9 3. Sultanpur 906.8 517.1 57.0 1000.4 730.4 73.0 4. Mirzapur 1018.1 576.4 56.6 1134.1 683.6 60.3 5. Ballia 914.0 511.6 56.0 1013.1 684.8 67.6 6. Sidharthnagar 1126.9 635.0 56.4 1264.0 995.3 78.7 7. Shahjahanpur 909.3 506.2 55.7 1019.5 584.3 57.3 8. Banda 86.4 480.9 55.6 945.5 665.5 70.4 9. Pratapgarh 886.1 488.3 55.1 977.9 794.0 81.2 10. Chandauli 947.1 513.2 54.2 1056.4 607.6 57.5 11. Etawah 679.4 369.1 54.3 752.4 357.4 47.5 12. Basti 1126.9 603.6 53.6 1264.0 939.2 74.3 13. Baghpat 607.7 326.6 53.7 720.2 552.6 76.7 14. Jaunpur 905.6 476.1 52.6 997.9 485.0 48.6 15. Faizabad 912.5 460.9 50.5 1008.4 570.8 56.6 16. Gonda 1032.3 525.6 50.9 1147.6 695.2 60.6 17. Kannauj 717.0 362.4 50.5 795.4 575.6 72.4 18. Barabanki 903.0 442.4 49.0 1002.7 756.5 75.4 19. Sant Kabir Nagar 1126.9 542.0 48.1 1264.0 813.3 64.3 20. Jhansi 808.3 388.7 48.1 879.1 562.5 64.0 21. Jalaun 714.0 339.0 47.5 786.6 480.1 61.0 22. Gorakhpur 1213.5 568.1 46.8 1364.1 952.1 69.8 23. Hathras 587.5 275.3 46.9 662.8 416.3 62.8 24. Etah 621.4 285.3 45.9 694.9 344.5 49.6 25. Allahabad 882.6 399.0 45.2 975.9 732.6 75.1 26. Ghaziabad 607.7 274.7 45.2 720.2 153.5 21.3 27 Farrukhabad 717.0 303.4 42.3 795.4 359.1 45.1 28. Mau 921.4 377.3 40.9 1021.3 508.2 49.8 29. Unnao 756.0 310.0 41.0 840.8 633.9 75.4 30. Rampur 827.0 338.8 41.0 944.3 553.5 58.6 31. Hamirpur 779.2 314.1 40.3 850.7 524.1 61.6 32. Lalitpur 808.3 321.5 39.8 880.1 862.4 98.0 33. Chitrakoot 86.4 340.9 39.4 940.0 661.7 70.4 34. Kanpur Nagar 725.3 278.8 38.4 801.5 677.3 84.5 35. Lucknow 864.0 331.7 38.4 959.2 690.6 72.0 36. Deoria 1015.0 371.8 36.6 1145.1 582.4 50.9 37. Mainpuri 643.4 235.0 36.5 720.2 274.2 38.1 38. Maharajganj 1213.5 476.2 39.2 1364.1 831.2 60.9 39. Agra 592.8 208.0 35.1 655.5 434.8 66.3 40. Auraiya 679.4 235.3 34.6 752.4 315.6 41.9 41. Pilibhit 1101.0 364.5 33.1 1242.0 575.3 46.3 42. Amethi 873.3 282.3 32.3 964.0 449.3 46.6 43. Mahoba 779.2 251.0 32.2 850.7 380.9 44.8 44. Raebareli 839.8 231.1 27.5 927.6 568.2 61.3 45. Kushinagar 1015.0 259.4 25.6 1145.1 579.0 50.6 46. Kanpur Dehat 725.3 156.3 21.6 801.5 306.3 38.2 47. Kaushambi 882.6 149.7 17.0 975.9 457.4 46.9 48. Fatehpur 818.4 108.8 13.3 903.6 396.5 43.9 49. Ambedkar Nagar 912.5 118.0 12.9 1028.9 798.1 77.6 50. Balrampur 1032.3 617.4 59.8 1149.9 959.3 83.4 (The above rainfall data was furnished by the Minor Irrigation Department, Govt. of Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow)

From the above table, it is evident that rainfall during the monsoon season in the year 2015 in above 50 districts was between 12.9% to 59.8% of the normal monsoon Page 154 rainfall. This deficit rainfall has directly resulted in less storage in various reservoirs and falling ground water table in the rainfall deficit districts / areas. Rainfall as indicated in column 7 above includes rainfall during the monsoon-2014. Thus, it can be inferred that 20 out of above 50 districts (highlighted in grey color) received less than 60% of normal rainfall during monsoon-2014 also which had further aggravated surface water scarcity in these districts. Rainfall data for the period June’2013 to May’2014, June’2014 to May’2015 and June’2015 to 14.10.2015 for all the 75 districts of Uttar Pradesh is given as Annexure-2.

4.0 CHALLENGES:

4.1 Live storage capacity of various reservoirs as on 31.3.2016 against their Designed Storage capacity has been indicated in Annexure-3 as furnished by the State Irrigation Department. Live storage (in %age) as on 31.3.2016 to its designed storage (column 18 of Annexure-3) is self explanatory about the depleted condition of the reservoirs. As per Annexure-3, out of total 69 reservoirs in Uttar Pradesh, there is no water left as on 31.3.2016 in 26 reservoirs located in the districts of Balrampur, Shrawasti, Jhansi, Hamirpur, Mahoba, Chitrakoot & Mirzapur whereas live storage in 30 reservoirs as on 31.3.2016 have been observed to be less than or just about 10% of their designed live storage.

Thus, the data with respect to Rainfall in 2015 and live storage as on 31.3.2016 in various reservoirs clearly shows that some of the districts as mentioned above are under scarcity of surface water.

4.2 Ground Water Scenario

4.2.1 State of Uttar Pradesh covers an area of 2,43,286 Sq. Km and forms part of vast Gangetic Alluvial Plain. The state is drained by Ganga-Yamuna river drainage system. Major rivers are Ganga, Yamuna, Ramganga, Ghaghra, Gomati, Betwa, Son and their tributaries. The State can broadly be divided into 2 physiographic units, the Ganga Plains and the Southern Peninsular Region. The Ganga Plains covering 85% of the State is a vast, flat expanse of alluvium having a gentle south easterly regional slope. This Plain has three sub divisions – the Terai in the northwest, the Central Ganga Plain in the centre and the Marginal Alluvial Plain in the south. The southern peninsular region, south of the Marginal Alluvial Plain is part of Bundelkhand and Vindhyan plateau and is covered with hard rocks. This plateau region slopes northerly and is represented by undulating hilly .

Ground water occurs in granular zones at various depths in alluvial areas, and in weathered and fractured zones in hard rock areas. Ground water contributes to about 71% of the irrigation needs of the State. As per estimation of Dynamic GW Resources of UP as on 31.3.2011, 111 blocks have been categorized as ‘Over-

Page 155 exploited’, 68 as ‘Critical’, 82 as ‘Semi-critical’ and 559 as ‘Safe’. Major ground water issues in the State are a) declining water levels and depleting , b) over- exploitation of ground water, c) scarcity of ground water in hard rock areas, d) steeply declining water levels in urban agglomerates, e) geogenic quality problems of inland salinity (limited availability of fresh ground water in western parts), arsenic and fluoride and f) pollution of shallow aquifer in industrial and urban clusters. Central Ground water Board has been monitoring the ground water regime since 1969 and has generated a vast database to understand the behaviour of water levels in response to recharge to ground water storage or withdrawal from it. Percentage of wells showing water level depth of different range during the year 2014-15 is summarized below. Table-3 : Percentage of wells showing water level depth

DEPTH RANGE (m) No. and Percentage of wells May’14 Aug’14 Nov’14 Jan’15 0-2 22(2.1%) 189(19.6%) 121(12.9%) 66(8.6%) 2-5 391(37.6%) 333(34.6%) 354(37.8%) 312(40.6%) 5-10 404(38.9%) 262(27.2%) 270 (28.8%) 249(32.4%) 10-20 180(17.3%) 143(14.8%) 151(16.1%) 111(14.5%) >20 39(3.7%) 32(3.3%) 38(4%) 27(3.5%) 1036 959 934 765

There are total 539 blocks in 50 drought-affected districts. As per estimation of Dynamic Ground Water Resources as on 31.3.2011, 58 blocks have been categorized as “Over-exploited”, 44 as “Critical”, 52 as “Semi-critical” and 385 as “Safe”. District-wise figures of Dynamic GW Resource are presented in Appendix-I.

Deficit rain-fall in these districts during 2014 and 2015 has also reflected on ground water levels. An analysis of water level changes during this period has been made by comparing annual water level changes observed during pre- and post-monsoon as well as seasonal variation during individual years. District-wise data is presented in Appendix-II. Summary of the same is presented in following table: Table-4 : Changes in water levels

Nov.2014 – May 2014 – Nov Nov 2015 – Jan May 2014 –May 2015 May 2015 –Nov 2015 Nov.2015 2014 2016 No. of No. of No. of No. of No. of Rise Fall Rise Fall Rise Fall Rise Fall Rise Fall Obs. Obs. Obs. obs. obs.

wells wells wells wells wells

538 172 366 542 100 442 591 382 217 492 252 240 635 117 461

• Annual Change observed from May 2014- May 2015:

It can be seen from above table that majority of the wells (~68%) show decline from pre-monsoon 2014 to pre-monsoon 2015.

Page 156 • Annual Change observed from November 2014- November 2015: About 82% wells show annual fall in water levels during post-monsoon. Thus, the number of wells which show fall has increased in comparison to pre-monsoon, indicating effect of low rainfall.

• Seasonal Variation during 2014 & 2015:

It is expected that water levels should come up during post-monsoon in comparison to pre-monsoon. However, the above table shows that a good number of wells have recorded fall in water levels during post-monsoon in comparison to pre-monsoon in both the years (about 37% and 49% respectively). The increase in number of such wells during 2015 indicates cumulative effect of low rainfall during the 2 years.

• Variation from November 2015 to January 2016:

About 73% wells show fall from November 2015 to January 2016.

4.2.2 Ground Water Scenario in Bundelkhand Region, UP

All the 7 districts of Bundelkhand Region of Uttar Pradesh have been declared as ‘Drought-affected’, indicating that Bundelkhand Region is severely affected by drought. A separate note describing ground water scenario and activities taken up by CGWB in the region is attached as Appendix-III.

5.0 LONG TERM SOLUTIONS:

5.1 Timely completion of ongoing and proposed Major / Medium / Minor surface water projects

Timely completion of various ongoing projects would be one of the long term solutions to deal with such a situation in future. Further, State Government need to focus on proposed projects also so that the proposed projects may take shape and get implemented in a time bound manner. State Government also need to be in touch with various agencies of Central Government to resolve project related issues, if any. State Irrigation Department furnished a list of various ongoing and proposed Major / Medium / Minor projects which is appended as Annexure-4. A list of ongoing and proposed projects in Bundelkhand region is attached separately as Annexure-5.

5.2 Creation of additional surface storages.

5.3 Expeditious implementation of Ken-Betwa Link in Bundelkhand region.

5.4 Promotion of artificial recharge - rain water harvesting through construction of check dams, farm ponds etc.

5.5 Promotion of drip and sprinkler irrigation.

Page 157 5.6 Repair, Renovation and Restoration (RRR) of Water Bodies

Repair, Renovation and Restoration of water bodies will result in accumulation & storage of rain water which may be utilized for different purposes like irrigation, drinking, fisheries, ground water recharge etc. and is another long term solution for the worst affected villagers in such a water scarcity situation.

State Irrigation Department submitted proposals in respect of following water bodies to CWC for inclusion under RRR Scheme of MoWR, RD & GR and their status is as under:

• 8 Water Bodies (3 each from Jhansi & Banda district, 2 from Mahoba district) were included under the RRR Scheme of Water Bodies in First meeting of Empowered Committee of MoWR, RD & GR held on 24.6.2014. Central Assistance amounting to Rs. 1536.10 Lakh for taking up works on 8 water bodies has been sanctioned by the MoWR, RD & GR on 04.9.2015. • 12 Water Bodies in Lalitpur district : These water bodies were included in RRR Scheme of MoWR, RD & GR and Central Assistance amounting to Rs. 104.77 Lakh released by MoWR, RD & GR vide their letter dated 31.3.2016. • 13 Water Bodies in Lalitpur district : These Water bodies were considered during the Fifth Meeting of Empowered Committee held on 22.3.2016 and it was decided to present the proposals in next meeting with justifications. • 3 Water Bodies in Mahoba district : These Water bodies were considered during the Fifth Meeting of Empowered Committee held on 22.3.2016 and it was decided to present the proposals in next meeting with justifications. • 54 water bodies in Sonbhadra district : These water bodies were included under RRR Scheme under certain conditions in the Fourth Meeting of Empowered Committee held on 28.9.2015. Status of compliance of conditions is still awaited from the State irrigation Department.

5.7 Sensitising people about water conservation and management

5.8 Making people realize true value of water by pricing it appropriately.

5.9 Maintaining water resources projects by providing adequate funding.

5.10 Promoting water conservation in irrigation. Eighty percent of the water is utilized by irrigation sector. But field irrigation methods used, waste lot of water (> 60%).

6.0 AREAS VISITED:

6.1 Balrampur District: As per the details of storage as on 31.3.2016, in 69 reservoirs of Uttar Pradesh (Annexure-3), there is no water left in 26 reservoirs which include 7 reservoirs in

Page 158 Blarampur district only. Therefore, Balrampur district was chosen for the on spot study of water situation there. Points noticed during the visit are as under: • During the visit, 6 reservoirs of the district were visited of which 4 were found completely depleted, 1 reservoir is nearing depletion and little water was left in Chittorgarh reservoir. It is to be noted that all the reservoirs in Balrampur district are located on foothill of Nepal and receive runoff from hilly terrain of the adjoining India-Nepal border. • During the visit, local people informed that they have not seen Kohargaddi reservoir got depleted in the recent past. It was informed by the State Irrigation Department that due to water scarcity in the area, local people urged the department to supply stored water from some other reservoirs • During the visit, Head Sluices of reservoirs and their lifting arrangement were found to be in poor condition in absence of regular maintenance. A sort of makeshift arrangement was seen to be practiced to stop and regulate precious water from reservoirs. State Government need to address this issue urgently so that precious water stored in the reservoirs can be judiciously regulated without any wastage. • Canal system of the reservoirs need to be properly maintained so that water releases from the reservoirs may reach to the farmers at tail end.

Photographs of reservoirs visited in Blarampur district are presented in Part-II of the report.

6.2 Mirzapur District: As per Annexure-3, out of 10 reservoirs in Mirzapur district, 7 reservoirs are reported to have left with only 5% or less than 5% of their designed storage capacity. While undertaking the monitoring visit of Bansagar Canal Project during 25th to 27th April, 2016, Meja reservoir located in Mirzapur district was visited. It was informed by the State Irrigation Department that this reservoir was completely depleted few days before. At the time of visit, little water was seen in the reservoir.

Photographs of Meja reservoir are presented in Part-II of the report.

6.3 Bundelkhand Region As per Annexure-3, total 32 reservoirs are located in different districts of Bundelkhand region which come under the jurisdiction of Uttar Pradesh State Irrigation Department. Out of these 32 reservoirs, no water is left in 16 reservoirs whereas 14 reservoirs are left with only 9% or less than 9% of their designed capacity.

Therefore, another team comprising of Shri Y. B. Kaushik, Regional Director, CGWB, Lucknow and Shri S. C. Tripathi, Assistant Engineer (Communication), UGBO, CWC,

Page 159 Lucknow, visited various drought affected districts in Bundelkhand Region of Uttar Pradesh namely Banda, Chitrakut and Mahoba during 09.05.2016 to 11.05.2016.

On 10th May, 2016, a meeting has held at Banda with the following officers and data pertaining to irrigation canal, Agriculture department, minor lift canal irrigation and tube well division was collected. 1. Shri O. P. Maurya, Executive Engineer, Ken Canal, Banda. 2. Shri Ajay Malhotra, Executive Engineer, Minor Canal Division, Uttar Pradesh Irrigation Department, Banda. 3. Shri Lakshmi Narayan Verma, Executive Engineer, Tube well Division, Banda. 4. Shri Bal Govind Yadav, District Agriculture officer, Agriculture Department, Banda.

The following data was collected and is enclosed with this report:

- Annual Rainfall pattern in Bundelkhand region from 2010 to 2015 as Annexure–6. - Capacity / Status of 4 Nos. Water Bodies & Canal Systems under Ken Canal Division, State Irrigation Department, Banda as on November of last 5 years as Annexure–7. Executive Engineer, Tube well division, Banda informed during the discussion that there are 628 Nos. of Tube Wells in the district and ground water level down up to 100-120 feet in some pockets, so high capacity motors are required.

Discussions were also held with Shri O. P. Pandey, Superintending Engineer, and Shri R. K. Tripathi, Suprentending Engineer, Jal Nigam, Banda. It was gathered that there is no shortage of drinking water except in very few pockets. However, there is shortage of food for human population and fodder for animals due to drought conditions. It was informed that Jal Nigam is in the process of procuring 214 tankers (157 for Banda District and 57 for chitrakoot district) to supply water. Jal Nigam is also constructing 12 check dam is Mahoba and which will be completed by 30th June, 2016.

The team had also visited Chitrakoot area and assessed the water situation. On 11th May, 2016, team visited Mahoba areas and held meeting with Executive Engineer, Irrigation Department, Govt. of U.P. Discussion were also held with Sh.C.K. Chaudhary, Executive Engineer, Minor Irrigation, Sh. J.K.Singh, District Agricultural Officer.

During the On Spot Study in Bundelkhand areas, it is gathered that during 2015 the rainfall has been 32.2% in Mahoba, 39.4% in Chitrakoot and 55.6% in Banda. Most of the surface reservoirs have dried or water is limited to dead storage. Low or very less water for irrigation could be provided for Rabi season leading to loss of crop and fodder. The examination of data collected from Agriculture Department reflect the deceasing trends of different crop sowing area, yield & productivity in successive years.

Page 160 There is no scarcity of drinking water in the area except few villages due to drying up of shallow hand pumps which is being met from other sources or construction of new sources. Bundelkhand area is hard rock area where runoff is more and aquifers have very limited yield potential. Surface storages are the major sources of availability of water but in case of drought, they do not support the water requirement of agriculture. Ground water during the normal rainfall meet the requirement of Rabi crop but does not sustain in case of successive drought.

While interacting with locals, it was informed that major problem faced by villagers of this region is food grains. Less rainfall since last 2-3 years resulted in reduced crop sowing area and crop yield. In this situation, farmers have insufficient food grains and are unable to repay their loans.

It is, therefore, suggested that immediate steps are to be taken to provide sufficient food grains and drinking water to the villagers for their survival.

Photographs of various places visited in Bundelkhand region are presented in Part-II of the report.

7.0 MEDIA COVERAGE:

Some of the media reports related to the water situation in the State of Uttar Pradesh is enclosed as Annexure-8. One such report indicates that Govt. of Uttar Pradesh has claimed that enough water is available in reservoirs and ponds. In this regard, the media report states that Principal Secretary, Irrigation claimed that “the Department had completed nine irrigation projects in Bundelkhand and work on another nine projects would be completed soon. The aim is to free the Bundelkhand from recurrent water crisis during summer. Direction had been issued to officers to store water for drinking in the reservoirs.”

***********

Page 161 1. Kohargaddi Reservoir in Balrampur district ; Date of visit :10.5.2016

Page 162

Interaction with local people at Kohargaddi Reservoir in Balrampur district

Page 163 2. Chittorgarh Reservoir in Balrampur district ; Date of visit :10.5.2016

Page 164

Reservoir water level at the time of visit

Page 165

Page 166 3. Majhgawan Reservoir in Balrampur district ; Date of visit :10.5.2016

Page 167 4. Bhagwanpur Reservoir in Balrampur district ; Date of visit :10.5.2016

Page 168 Bhagwanpur Reservoir : Lifting arrangement for Head Sluice in poor condition

Page 169 5. Baghelkhand Reservoir in Balrampur district ; Date of visit :11.5.2016

Page 170 6. Ganeshpur Reservoir in Balrampur district ; Date of visit :11.5.2016

Page 171

Lifting arrangement for Head Sluice is out of order at Ganeshpur Reservoir

Page 172

Wooden planks are used to regulate stored water instead of vertical gates at Ganeshpur reservoir

Page 173 7. Meja Reservoir in Mirzapur district ; Date of visit : 26.4.2016

Page 174 8. Locals are dependent on hand pump in a village on Banda –Chitrakoot road

Page 175 9. Hand pumps are being installed on the Banda Chitrakoot road

10. Dry canal in Banda district

Page 176

11. Dry pond in Chitrakoot district

Page 177

12. Check Dam in a village near Chitrakoot

Page 178 13. Nawab Tank in Banda city

14. Pond under construction near Nawab Tank in Banda city

Page 179 15. Almost dried up Dasrapura Pond at Kidari village of Mahoba district

Page 180 APPENDIX VII

STATUS OF WATER RESOURCES IN BUNDELKHAND IN 2015-16

Yamuna Basin Organisation, Central Water CommissionPage 181 STATUS OF WATER RESOURCES IN BUNDELKHAND IN 2015-16

INTRODUCTION: Bundelkhand Region is situated in the central part of India, between Longitude 78o20' and 81o40', and Latitude 23o20' and 26o20', covering about 69884 km2 area in seven districts of Uttar Pradesh (Lalitpur, Jhansi, Hamirpur, Mahoba, Jalaun, Banda, Chitrakoot) and six districts of Madhya Pradesh (Datia, Sagar, Damoh, Tikamgarh, Chhatarpur and Panna). Plate-1 shows the administrative division in the Bundelkhand Region.

Plate - 01

Page 182 Ecophysiography The northern and central part of Bundelkhand is characterized by undulating plains falling below 300m covering around 67% of the area (Singh, 1993). The remaining 23% geographical area lies mainly between 300m to 450m with some parts of the Vindhyanchal table land to the west and south, rising up to 600m. The Bundelkhand region is rocky and mainly constitutes non- broadly divided into four sub-regions: Bundelkhand Plain in the north, Bundelkhand Upland in the centre and south, and Sagar and Damoh (Vindhyanchal) plateaus in the deep south. As a geographical region, the Sagar plateau is part of Malwa and Damoh plateau is part of Vindhyanchal. The soil in the region is a mixture of black and red-yellow which are poor in organic . A yellowish lightcolored variety of red soil called parua, is sandy and has some clay content with its characteristic property of enclosing air bubbles thus making it easier for aeration. This soil is found in UP Bundelkhand and is good for cultivation of wheat. The black soils are of two types: kabar found in Lalitpur, Jalaun, Banda and Hamirpur districts in the uplands and plains, suitable for the growth of gram and jowar; and the black soil usually called mar. Since the organic matter content is high it rarely needs . The region presents a unique set of geologic and geographic characteristics which have had profound effects on human development in the region. Climate Bundelkhand has a hot and semi-humid climate. Usually the hottest days are in May and coldest days in December or January. The temperatures are much higher locally due to conditions such as lack of and from rocky soils or outcrops. In summer there are local squalls of short intervals. This frequently results in a cloud of dust that can be so thick that it becomes murky during the daytime. The average annual temperature is over 25°C. However, the mean monthly values vary considerably from the annual means and consequently the temperature range is high. In summer mean temperatures range around 30°C and can rise beyond 40°C in May - June. The monsoons from June to September bring down temperatures to around 22°C - 25°C with relative humidity varying between 70 to 80%. The mean annual precipitation varies from 75 cm in the north to 125 cm in the southeast. The average for the region can be considered around 100 cm and falls mainly in the monsoon months of June to September. Around 75% of rain falls in these three months, and the total amount is highly variable and capricious. This uncertainty is notoriously responsible for the large number of famines, droughts and deluges experienced in the region since time immemorial. Some shallow westerly depressions cause winter rain which is highly beneficial to the rabi crop.

Page 183 GEOLOGY The entire Bundelkhand region is divided into four important geological systems along the Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh. They are Archaean, Vindhyan, Transitional and Recent systems. In Archaean system, the geological systems are made up of metamorphic and igneous rocks. The areas having these systems are crystalline and impermeable which make up a poor aquifer (1-5 lps) and high runoff potential regions. The Vindhyan system holds relatively more ground water (5-25 lps) because they are developed from massive sandstone and limestone escarpments. The Transitional systems are comprised of sedimentary layers of sandstone and limestone of pre Vindhyan and post Aravali period. These systems have a nature of being a reasonable aquifer (5- 25 lps).The Recent system is contained with high ground water yield potential (20-40 lps) due to large scale alluvial deposits (NRAA, 2008).

AREA AND DEMOGRAPHY Bundelkhand Region has total population of 183,33,730 (census of 2011) with a population density of 259 person per km2. The decadal growth of the Region during 1991-2001 was 23.45% and during 2001-2011 it has been 18.40%, indicating significant decline during last decade. Table 1 shows the district-wise population, density and decadal growth. Table 1 : Area and Demographic Details of Bundelkhand Region

Total Persons Decadal Growth S. Geographical Total Density of 1991- 2001- N District Area persons Populatio Urban Rural 2001 2011 . (Km2) (2011) n per Km2 (%) (%) (A) Part of Uttar Pradesh 1. Banda 4460.00 1799410 403 819243 1523655 21.30 19.84 2. Chitrakoot 3388.97 991730 292 895398 96332 28.48 23.53 3. Hamirpur 4139.09 1104285 275 209848 894437 18.11 11.09 4. Mahoba 2884.00 875958 304 185381 690577 21.30 19.84 5. Jalaun 4544.34 1689974 366 418900 1271074 19.28 14.87 6. Jhansi 5024.00 1998603 398 833484 1165119 22.05 14.66 7. Lalitpur 5039.00 1221592 242 175378 1046214 30.01 24.57 Total of 29479.40 9681552 328 3537632 6687408 22.93 18.34 U.P. (B) Part of Madhya Pradesh 1. Chhatarpur 8687.00 1762857 203 399253 1363604 27.33 19.50 2. Damoh 7306.00 1263703 173 250407 1013296 20.46 16.60 3. Datia 2959.00 786375 266 182176 604199 21.82 18.40 4. Panna 7135.00 1016028 142 125321 890707 24.17 18.60 5. Sagar 10252.00 2378295 232 708949 1669346 22.70 17.60 6. Tikamgarh 5048.00 1444920 286 249760 1195160 27.88 20.10 Total of 41387.00 8652178 209 1915866 6736312 24.06 18.46 M.P. Total of Bundelkhand 70866.40 18333730 259 5453498 13423720 23.45 18.40 Region Source: Statistical Diaries of U.P. & M.P. Government

Page 184 DRAINAGE Bundelkhand region is drained by a number of rivers of the Yamuna river system. The main rivers are the Yamuna in north, Ken in east and Betwa and Pahuj in the west. The river Yamuna flows from west to east and its first order tributaries – the Betwa, Ken, Pahuj, Baghain, and Paisuni flow from south to north. Numerous second order tributaries of the Yamuna such as the Dhasan, Jamni, Birma, Sonar, Katne, Bewas, and Kopra drain the area. Also flowing along the west is the Sindh and Chambal rivers, with the Narmada flowing in the south. The region of Malwa and Udaipur- Gwalior forms the southern section of Bundelkhand. The Betwa contributes around 50% of the water available in Bundelkhand Upland and Bundelkhand Plain sub-regions; the Ken contributes around 25%. The rivers flow through both the states of UP and Madhya Pradesh. The Betwa, Ken, Pahuj and Dhasan are very important for irrigation in the region. Their seasonal fluctuations however, are very large. For example, the average annual discharge of river Ken is around 800 cusecs, but in winter it is reduced to around 300 cusecs and dwindles to practically nothing in May. Such fluctuations undermine the security of irrigation. According to various estimates quoted in a WaterAid India paper on the 2003-2007 drought, more than 5000 tankers were deployed in May-June 2008 throughout the Bundelkhand region to meet domestic water needs, as the majority of hand-pumps yielded no water (WaterAid).A study of the 7% of villages had enough water to meet domestic needs throughout the year. In more than 60% of villages, drinking water was available for only one month. Throughout the Bundelkhand region, women had to spend an average 4 - 5 hours a day to secure around 20 liters of drinking water. Under such conditions of uncertain water supply in rivers, the availability of water from tanks and other surface bodies is very important to sustain irrigated agriculture and provide security to farmers. Historically the need for security of water was recognized and Bundelkhand is known for its water bodies including the Pahuj reservoir, Barwasagar, Barwarlake, Aiaori Lake, Pachawara lake, Dakwan and Parichha reservoirs. A host of smaller tanks and ponds (tals) are found near Mahoba and Yikamgarh is famous for its tanks such as the Madansagar, Nandwara, Birsagar and Arjan lakes. In Chhatarpur district the important tanks include the Jagatsagar, Goratal, Gangau reservoirs and the post independence period tanks such as Matatila, Lalitpur and Saprar reservoirs. The area is drained by the river Yamuna and its first order tributaries, namely, Sind, Betwa, Ken, Gharara, Bagai and Paisuni with their sub-tributaries, namely, Dhasan, Jamuni, Bearma, Sonar, Bearma, Patna, Bewas, Kopra etc. The entire drainage forms a part of Ganga Basin. The drainage in the Region is mainly dendritic and structurally controlled. A watershed map showing major drainage in the Bundelkhand Region is given below (Plate-2).

Page 185 Plate - 02

LAND USE AND CROPPING PATTERN

The land utilization pattern i.e. agricultural land, forest cover, waste land etc., is a dynamic feature governed by developmental activity of the area. The district wise data of the region is given in Table 3. It is seen that the forest area in the region is about 20%. In U.P part of Bundelkhand, forest cover is quite low at 8.3% where as in M.P part it is 28.5%. The arable land is 51% in the Region, of which, it is 57% in U.P. and 43% in M.P. The agricultural activities in the region are mainly in the plain area in the northern parts of Bundelkhand Region. The rugged hilly parts, having steep slope and thick forest cover, have less agricultural land.

In Bundelkhand Region, wheat is the lead crop followed by . The region can be divided into three main agroclimatic zones (i) Wheat, (ii) Wheat and rice and (iii) Jawar-wheat crop zones. The main wheat producing districts are Mahoba, Jhansi and Lalipur in U.P. and Chhatarpur, Sagar and Damoh in M.P. The districts of Banda in U.P. and Panna in M.P. fall under Wheat-rice crop zone. The districts of Jalaun and Hamirpur in U.P. and Datia, Tikamgarh in M.P. fall under Jawar-wheat crop zone. The Rabi and Kharif are main crops in both U.P. and M.P. while the zaid crops are only taken in parts of U.P.

Page 186 Table 3: Land Use Pattern in Bundelkhand Region

Other than Area Sown Land not Non- Total Net Sown more than Gross Sown available agriculturable Fallow S. N. District Reported Forest (cropped) once (cropped) for land Land Area Area (%) (Double Area Agriculture excluding Cropped) fallow land (A) Part of Uttar Pradesh

343480 1 Banda 438949 5429 31930 12927 19379 84985 428465 (78.25) 174483 2 Chitrakoot 338897 59767 31345 9389 7956 15150 189633 (51.48) 294201 3 Hamirpur 390865 24476 32970 5290 16986 50996 345197 (75.27) 235656 4 Mahoba 327429 16213 38745 8935 11545 83992 319648 (71.97) 346703 5 Jalaun 454434 28178 39018 6843 20662 62838 409541 (76.29) 332279 6 Jhansi 501327 34421 44218 9382 31699 179978 512257 (66.28) 301113 7 Lalitpur 509791 76158 41560 12512 11426 211142 512255 (59.06) Total of Part of 11965 2027915 2961692 244642 259786 65278 689081 2716996 U.P. 3 (68.47)

(B) Part of Madhya Pradesh

455699 1 Chhatarpur 863036 213913 45186 21350 19752 176376 632075 (52.8) 316062 2 Damoh 728583 267536 31829 4487 3526 150743 466805 (43.38) 212459 3 Datia 307173 29344 17788 5930 4008 51665 264124 (69.17) 255342 4 Panna 702924 299450 43851 10657 10486 141838 397180 (36.33) 548277 5 Sagar 1022759 298016 58188 10449 7126 312473 860750 (53.60) 275012 6 Tikamgarh 504002 69191 38467 18634 7399 180179 455191 (54.57) Total of Part of 117745 2062851 4128477 235309 71507 52297 1013274 3076125 M.P. 0 (49.97) Total of Bundelkhand 142209 17195 4090767 7090169 495095 136785 1702355 5793121 Region 2 0 (59.22)

Page 187 Rainfall Pattern in Bundelkhand Region Seasonal quantum of rainfall in Bundelkhand region heavily depends on the movement of Monsoon Depressions (low pressure systems) over the region after crossing the east of India and moving in north west direction. Studies carried out suggest a statiscally significant decreasing trend in the seasonal monsoon depression frequency. Accordingly for the reasons explained above, the Bundelkhand region by and large continues to receive deficient rainfall. This could be part of the natural variability of the Indian monsoon system and therefore, it could be reversed naturally. Rainfall situation for the districts in Bundelkhand for the last 11 years (2005-2015) has been presented in Annexure-I.

Plate - 03

Plate 3 : Amount of rainfall received from various categories of rainstorm

Plate - 04

Plate 4 : Annual rainfall (1945 – 2005)

Page 188 Table : Rainfall During Monsoon (June to September) in mm

% of District with Monsoon (June to Rainfall in % Year Deficient /Scanty September) rainfall in mm Departure Rainfall 2005 874.4 -1% 28 2006 889.4 0% 40 2007 944.6 6% 27 2008 877.4 -2% 24 2009 698.1 -22% 59 2010 910.6 2% 31 2011 901.2 2% 24 2012 823.6 -7% 41 2013 937.4 6% 28 2014 777.5 -12% 46 2015 760.6 -14% 39

Table: Percentage departure of southwest monsoon rainfall from long period average during last 12 years for the districts in Bundelkhand

Conclusion from Rainfall Data with regard to the year 2015-16:

Page 189 There has been consistent substantial shortfall in rainfall in Bundelkhand during the last 10 years. Therefore, the relative importance of rainwater harvesting and other micro measures for storing of rain water do not appear to be attractive option for drought mitigation in the region.

IRRIGATION Bundelkhand Region is poor in irrigation facilities with large part of its agriculture being rainfed. Canals are the main source of irrigation followed by tube well and dug wells. Table 4 shows the district-wise irrigated area by different sources in the Region. Table 4: Irrigated Area in Bundelkhand Region 2012-13 (in Ha.)

Area Gross Net area Net Area T.W. Tanks Irrigated Area Irrigated S. Dug Other Irrigated District Canal (Govt./ (Govt./ More Irrigated w.r.f. Net No. wells Sources by All Private) Private) Than by all Sown Area Sources Once Sources (%)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

(A) Part of Uttar Pradesh

1 Banda 65548 72403 14012 5619 162 157744 84985 205915 45.93%

2 Chitrakoot 12426 31455 0 0 1285 45166 15150 48717 25.89%

3 Hamirpur 28953 77158 23339 4372 911 134733 50996 135313 45.80%

4 Mahoba 26227 4832 53123 11929 4682 100793 83992 101550 42.77%

5 Jalaun 100120 77565 31419 1139 15409 225652 62838 242384 65.00%

6 Jhansi 105421 14353 98343 16860 2234 237211 179978 251019 71.39%

7 Lalitpur 91752 66374 79191 28521 14398 280236 211142 281573 93.07%

Total of U.P. 430447 344140 299427 68440 39081 1181535 689081 1266471 55.70% (B) Part of Madhya

Pradesh 1 Chhatarpur 25263 3940 16061 193482 24969 263715 0 263715 57.90%

2 Damoh 15694 2400 32136 32596 56998 139824 0 139824 36.90%

3 Datia 112783 0 8616 69196 1981 192576 0 192576 90.60%

4 Panna 11036 1965 8642 18452 83047 123142 0 123142 48.20%

Page 190 5 Sagar 9088 4992 59314 149798 75728 298920 0 298920 54.50%

6 Tikamgarh 21406 16373 26023 145463 9766 219031 41940 260971 79.60%

Total of M.P. 195270 29670 150792 608987 252489 1237208 41940 1279148 61.28%

GROUND WATER SCENARIO IN BUNDELKHAND REGION

Hydrogeology

Hydro-geologically Bundelkhand Region has diversified conditions, since it is occupied by rocks of Archaean to Recent age. On the basis of nature and extent of aquifer formations and their hydrogeological properties in relation to ground water flow characteristics, the formations have been broadly categories as Consolidated and Unconsolidated. of the area is represented in Plate-3.

Page 191 The Bundelkhand region has been extensively explored by CGWB under its exploratory drilling programme by constructing tube wells and piezometers. The location of exploratory tube wells/piezometers is shown in Plate-4. Depth to groundwater level and its fluctuation The long-term water level data of 222 permanent national hydrograph stations of CGWB distributed in the Bundelkhand Region (Plate-5) has been compiled.

Page 192 Perusal of these maps shows that: (i) The water level during the monsoon period generally varies from 1.4 m to 30.34 mbgl. The water levels in the range 2 m to 5 mbgl occur in small patches scattered all over the Region where as 10 to 20 mbgl water level occur in 305 of the wells and more than 20 mbgl mostly occur along the river Yamuna in Jalaun, Hamirpir, Banda in U.P. and in Datia district of M.P. and in isolated patches in southern parts of the Region. (ii) The depth of water levels during the post-monsoon period generally varies from 0.5 m to 29 mbgl. The water level between 2- 5 mbgl occurs in major parts of all the districts , whereas in some isolated patches water level even occur less than 2 mbgl in isolated patches in many districts. In substantial areas of Datia, Jalaun, Hamirpur, Banda, Chitrkoot, Panna and Jhansi districts water levels rest between 5 to 20 mbgl. The water level of more than 20 m occurs mostly along the river Yamuna, in a patch in northern parts of Datia district in M.P. and along border of Jalaun and Hamirpur in U.P.

Long Term Trend of Water level Pre-monsoon trend of water level: The district-wise Pre-monsoon long-term trends of water level for the period 2004 to 2013 have been shown in Table 5. In the Bundelkhand region, 61% of the monitoring wells show declining trend in the range of 0.004 to 1.05m/year whereas 39 % wells show rising trend in the range of 0.002 to 0.66m/year. It is seen that 55% of the monitoring wells located in parts of U.P. show decline trend in water level ranging between 0.01 and 1.05 m/yr whereas 45% of the wells show rising trend in the range of 0.0 and 0.66 m/yr. In the M.P. part, it is seen that 65% of the wells show decline trend in water level ranging between 0.004 and 0.76 m/yr whereas 35% wells show rising trend in the range of 0.002-0.63 m/yr.

Page 193 Table 5- District-wise Pre-monsoon Water Level Trends (2004-2013) in Bundelkhand

S. District No. of Water Level Trend N. Monitoring Wells Showing Decline Wells Showing Rise wells Number Range Number Range (m/yr) (m/yr) (A) Uttar Pradesh 1 Banda 12 8 0.006-0.87 4 0.05-0.36 2 Chitrakoot 10 9 0.09-1.05 1 0.31 3 Hamirpur 8 6 0.05-0.79 2 0.24-0.25 4 Jalaun 19 13 0.01-0.90 6 0.01-0.66 5 Jhansi 12 4 0.09-0.64 8 0.004-0.37 6 Lalitpur 10 2 0.05-0.14 8 0.03-0.40 7 Mahoba 8 2 0.03-0.18 6 0.07-0.31 Total of U.P. 79 44 (55%) 35 (45%) (B) Madhya Pradesh

1 Chhatarpur 35 25 0.01-0.65 10 0.01-0.18 2 Damoh 22 12 0.01-0.76 10 0.01-0.5 3 Datia 7 2 0.03-0.39 5 0.17-0.61 4 Panna 19 16 0.03-0.53 3 0.06-0.36 5 Sagar 37 25 0.006-0.73 12 0.002-0.62 6 Tikamgarh 21 11 0.004-0.63 10 0.004-0.63 Total of M.P. 141 91(65%) 50 (35%) Bundelkhand Region 220 135(61%) 85 (39%)

Post-monsoon trend of water level The district-wise Post-monsoon long-term trends of water level for the period 2004 to 2013 have been shown in Table 6. In the Bundelkhand region, 34% of the monitoring wells show declining trend in the range of 0.001 to 0.97m/year whereas 66 % wells show rising trend in the range of 0.001 to 1.02m/year. It is seen that 49% of the monitoring wells located in parts of U.P. show decline trend in water level ranging between 0.002 and 0.57 m/yr whereas 51% of the wells show rising trend in the range of 0.001 and 1.02 m/yr. In the M.P. part, it is seen that 26% of the wells show decline trend in water level ranging between 0.001 and 0.97 m/yr whereas 74% wells show rising trend in the range of 0.005-0.69 m/yr.

Page 194 Table 6- District-wise Post-monsoon Water Level Trends (2004-2013) in Bundelkhand

S. District No. of Water Level Trend N. Monitoring Wells Showing Decline Wells Showing Rise wells Number Range (m/yr) Number Range (m/yr) (A) Uttar Pradesh 1 Banda 12 12 0.008-0.49 0 - 2 Chitrakoot 10 5 0.008-0.23 5 0.001-0.31 3 Hamirpur 8 4 0.04-0.57 4 0.03-1.02 4 Jalaun 19 9 0.002-0.56 10 0.10-0.85 5 Jhansi 12 1 0.53 11 0.02-0.64 6 Lalitpur 9 7 0.03-0.31 2 0.06-0.14 7 Mahoba 8 0 - 8 0.10-0.50 Total of U.P. 78 38 (49%) 40 (51%)

(B) Madhya Pradesh 1 Chhatarpur 35 6 0.004 to 0.24 29 0.005 to 0.58 2 Damoh 22 9 0.001 to 0.23 13 0.007 to 0.60 3 Datia 7 1 0.13 6 0.30 to 0.60 4 Panna 19 9 0.02 to 0.97 10 0.30 to 0.37 5 Sagar 37 8 0.023 to 0.48 29 0.005 to 0.69 6 Tikamgarh 21 4 0.034 to 0.49 17 0.044 to 0.68

Total of M.P. 141 37 (26%) 104 (74%)

Bundelkhand Region 219 75 (34%) 144 (66%)

Ground Water Resource Evaluation The Net Annual Ground Water availability in the Bundelkhand region as on March 2009 is 734340 Ham (Table 7) whereas existing gross ground water draft for all uses is 407661 Ham. In the region, existing ground water draft for irrigation has been estimated as 376135 Ham whereas Draft for Industrial and Domestic water use is 31526 Ham. The stage of Ground water Development in the Bundelkhand region is 55.51% (57.80% in M.P. and 53.41% in U.P.).

Page 195 Table 7- Dynamic groundwater resources in Bundelkhand (March, 2009)

S. District Net Annual Exiting Draft for Exiting Stage of N. Ground Ground Industrial & Gross Groundwater Water Water Domestic Ground Development Availability Draft for Water use Water (in %) (in Ham) Irrigation (in Ham) Draft for (in Ham) All Uses (in Ham) UTTAR PRADESH 1 Banda 63459 30884 2719 33604 53 2 Chitrakoot 23984 15166 2137 17303 72 3 Hamirpur 49002 20612 2226 22838 47 4 Jalaun 121063 42645 4308 46953 39 5 Jhansi 56603 37730 3317 41046 73 6 Lalitpur 53560 25946 2786 28732 54 7 Mahoba 15431 12706 1443 14150 92 Total 383102 185690 18936 204626 53.41 MADHYA PRADESH

1 Chhatarpur 68567 42438 2616 45055 66 2 Datia 33420 17594 1568 19162 57 3 Damoh 36385 20380 1620 22000 60 4 Panna 47108 11006 1933 12938 27 5 Sagar 112807 63470 2609 66079 59 6 Tikamgarh 52951 35557 2244 37801 71 Total 351238 190445 12590 203035 57.80 TOTAL OF 734340 376135 31526 407661 55.51 BUNDELKHAND REGION

Page 196 Based on the stage of groundwater development, blocks are put in different category viz. safe, semi-critical, critical and over exploited.

S. N. District Safe Semi-critical Critical Over Exploited UTTAR PRADESH

1 Banda Tindwari

2 Chitrakoot Ramnagar Karvi 3 Hamirpur

4 Jalaun

5 Jhansi Babina, Bargaon Bangra Mauranipur and Chirgaon 6 Lalitpur

7 Mahoba Kabrai Jaitpur and Panwari MADHYA PRADESH 1 Chhatarpur

2 Datia Datia

3 Damoh Ajaygarh

4 Panna All

5 Sagar Sagar, Rehli and Banda 6 Tikamgarh Baldeogarh, Jatara, Niwari, Palera and Tikamgarh

Ground Water resources position in the current year:

Given at Part A below is the current Ground Water scenario in MP part of Bundelkhand, while similar analysis for UP portion is placed at Part B.

Part A: Districts of Bundelkhand lying in MP

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Part B: Districts of Bundelkhand lying in UP :

District May 2014 - May 2015 Nov 2014 - Nov 2015 May 2015 -Nov 2015 Nov 2015 – Jan 2016 No. of Rise Fall No. of Rise Fall No. of Rise Fall No. of Rise Fall observation (No. (No. observation (No. (No. Of observation (No. (No. Of observation (No. (No. Of wells Of of wells Of wells) wells Of wells) wells Of wells) considered wells) wells) considered wells) considered wells) considered wells) Banda 15 4 11 13 2 11 16 11 5 14 2 12 Chitrakoot 8 0 8 8 1 7 8 3 5 7 0 7

Hamirpur 11 4 7 10 4 6 11 9 2 9 0 9 Jalaun 24 11 13 26 4 22 24 3 21 27 10 17

Jhansi 18 10 8 16 3 13 17 6 11 17 3 14

Lalitpur 13 7 6 13 3 10 13 7 6 13 0 13 Mahoba 7 1 6 6 5 1 7 6 1 7 0 7

Total 96 37 59 92 22 70 96 45 51 94 15 79

Conclusion about Ground Water Situation in Bundelkhand :

a. In overall terms, substantial reduction in ground water levels have been observed in the Districts lying in Madhya Pradesh, between November, 2015 and January, 2016 levels. Reduction in ground levels in MP part of Bundelkhand between November, 2015 and January, 2016, in mbgl, are 14.96 in Datia, 38.85 in Damoh, 101.25 in Chhatarpur, 59.77 in Panna, 101.46 in Sagar, and 31.05 in Tikamgarh.

b. In UP portion of Bundelkhand, the groundwater levels show rising trend when compared to November 2015 water levels with May 2015 water levels due to recharge from monsoon. However 51 (53%) out of 96 observations wells show declining trend when compared to November 2015 water level with May 2015 water level owing to increased withdrawal for irrigation purposes. Further, 79 (84%) observation wells show decline in groundwater levels for the month of November, 2015 to January 2016. Due to less rain fall, more number of wells in the Chitrakoot and Jhansi districts show decline in ground water levels.

Page 203 Inferences from the Field Visit Made by MoWR Team in November, 2015: A Team was constituted by MoWR in November, 2015 for study of drought position in Bundelkhand Region, and to suggest possible mitigation measures. The brief recommendation of the Committee are reproduced below for reference:

% of Water Decline in S. N. District Normal Availability in Mitigation Measures GWL Rainfall Ponds UTTAR PRADESH RRR scheme for 3 water bodies, Water is low in Water storage minor lift canals, 1 Banda 150 out of 445 is less than full water user associations, sprinkler bore wells capacity irrigation More than 2 Chitrakoot 55% Very low 19 water bodies under RRR scheme 200feet 545 bore wells Storage in have electrical 3 Hamirpur most of dams and mechanical is declining faults 4 Jalaun Not visited 5 Jhansi 60% RRR scheme for 3 water bodies 6 Lalitpur 19% RRR scheme for 16 water bodies RRR scheme for 16 water bodies, Tube wells are Renovation of 32 ponds under 7 Mahoba 50% not successful PMKSY, Drip irrigation for horticultural crops MADHYA PRADESH Addition of 10 Tube wells/block/year 1 Chhatarpur 57% under district policy 2 Datia Not visited Increase in riser pipes/ power pumps 674 out of 9295 in tube wells, construction of check 3 Damoh 62% tube well dams defunct RRR scheme for 14 water bodies 447 out of 9399 87 out of 113 RRR scheme for 5 water bodies , 4 Panna 56% tube well are dried up defunct water users associations 5 Sagar 57% RRR scheme for 3 water bodies Min GW level RRR scheme for 9 water bodies, 6 Tikamgarh 49% 8.33m to max group water supply schemes 23.33m

Present Recommendations : a. As seen from the above, there have been monsoon failure in Bundelkhand has not become more of a norm, than aberration. In light of the above, a structural major

Page 204 intervention becomes inevitable. Therefore, it is proposed that the two such projects already in pipeline, namely Ken Betwa Link and Arjun Sahayak Pariyojana (presently Priority II project under AIBP) be taken up in a time bound manner. b. Apart from the above, the medium and short term measures recommended by the MoWR team in December, 2015 may also be implemented urgently.

****

Disclaimer: The initial portions of the report have been reproduced from the Report submitted by a team of MoWR to Bundelkhand during November-December, 2015. The changes are primarily based on desk study based on the latest rainfall and ground water data.

Page 205 APPENDIX VIII

Page 206 Page 207 Page 208 Page 209 Page 210

GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES, RIVER DEVELOPMENT & GANGA REJUVENATION

REPORT ON THE SPOT STUDY OF WATER SITUATION IN DROUGHT AFFECTED AREAS OF COUNTRY BY TECHNICAL TEAM COMPRISING OF OFFICERS FROM CENTRAL WATER COMMISSION (CWC) AND CENTRAL GROUND WATER BOARD (CGWB)

NAME OF SPOT: HARICHANDANPUR BLOCK OF KEONJHAR, ODISHA

DATE OF VISIT: 5TH MAY, 2016

Page 211 Report On the Spot Study of Water Situation in Drought Affected Areas of Country by Technical Team comprising Officers from Central Water Commission (CWC) and Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) on 5th May, 2016

Reference : F.No.T.28021/1/2016-GW Desk Dated 25th April,2016 Date of Visit : 5th May, 2016 Area visited : Harichandanpur Block of Keonjhar District of Odisha No. of Gram Panchayats in the Block : 18 No. of Villages : 217 Total Area : 592.02 Km2

The team visited Harichandanpur block of Keonjhar district of Odisha which received a scanty rainfall of 430.7 mm (-63.9% deviation from Normal) during the monsoon period from 1st June, 2015 to 31st October, 2015 and held discussion with the Block Development Officer (BDO) & other concerned Government Officials about the situation of water stress / water scarcity in the block. The list of participants present in the discussion is enclosed at Annexure – I. The District map and Block map are given at Plate-I & Plate-II respectively.

During discussion, BDO informed that the rain gauge is located in the block premises itself at Harichandanpur and has received a total rainfall of 543.9 mm during the year period from January, 2015 to December, 2015 as against the normal rainfall of 1487.5 mm. He further stated that a small patch of area around the block received very less rainfall as indicated above compared to other areas of the block. This is evident from the fact that farmers harvested bumper crop during the khariff season as revealed from the crop cutting experiment of the State Agriculture department. This block has also not been declared as drought prone area though 9 blocks of the District have been declared as drought prone area. However, public are facing scarcity of water in most of the areas of the block as water bodies like ponds dried up during the summer. So far complaints from 17 villages about problems of water have been received. 7 no of water tankers have been engaged to tackle the situation. They have also stock of material at Gram Panchayat level to repair the tube well and piped water supply scheme. In the current year itself, 20 no of bore wells have been drilled in water scarcity habitations.

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Apart from the above, a water supply scheme (River lift) located on the river bed of left bank of River Musal for supply of drinking water to Harichandanpur town failed to meet the demand due to drying up the river bed. The percolation well on the river bed is about 10m in depth. The team visited spot, the photograph of which is enclosed at Plate –III. Drinking water to those areas are being supplied from the production well of the block.

The ground water through tube well / production bore well (constructed by state government) is available with the normal yield varying between 2-3 lps. The depth of a tube well (generally fitted with hand pumps) are normally about 60 m while that of production bore well is ~150 m. Central Ground Water Board has also constructed 17 exploratory bore wells (depth range: ~100-200 m below ground) in the block, which register yield in the range of ~1-7 lps (Annexure II). However, majority of the bore wells exhibit yield of ~2-3 lps. The water level in the bore wells rest at ~2-18 m below ground. The quality of ground water is good in most of the areas except in few spots where iron content is stated to be more.

There are other available sources of water in the block like stream, nallah and water bodies available in the vicinity. The detail of sources of water is given at Annexure-III.

The findings of the Committee as per the Terms of Reference are as under:

1. To analyze the problem and causes leading to such situations: Though the water scarcity is largely attributed to deficit in annual rainfall, the other important factors which further worsens the situation include; (1) non-availability of potential deep aquifers/fractures in hard rock, (2) barren and bad-land topography leading to , high siltation in ponds/tanks/surface water bodies which reduces their water holding capacity, (3) high slope and undulating land leading to high runoff, (4) non- availability of enough surface water runoff retention structures to facilitate , and (5) lack of understanding and awareness among people for water conservation and sustainable management and development of water resources. Deficit rainfall has definitely affected the depth to water level in the wells. The water level data from the dug wells for the post monsoon period of the years 2014 and 2015 indicate a

Page 213 decline in the block (Annexure IV). One to two sets of water yielding fractures are encountered within a depth of 150 m below ground. The yield is hardly 2-3 lps, which accounts for about 43,000-65,000 litres of water available per day for an average 6 hours of pumping. One such bore well can help in meeting at best the drinking need of ~300-500 persons per day @135 litres per capita per day (lpcd). The dug wells, which go up to ~15 m deep below ground can hardly meet any irrigation need owing to their low yield. The drying of the Musal river has happened only during this summer for the first time. There is not enough yield inside the percolation well to run the pump to cater the demand of water to the Harichandanpur block headquarter. The rainfall of the location is about 64% below normal. There is no check dam near the percolation well. The check dams are built to hold and delay the flowing down of water in the river thereby facilitating the recharge of ground water in the surrounding. This will enhance the base flow during non monsoon season.

2. Identify water resources management challenge: Water conservation and recharging through community participation. Organisation of public awareness and campaigning pogramme during summer to sensitize for maximum impact. In such areas, rain water harvesting through different means would be a boon in the attempt for sustainable development and management of water resources.

3. Identify gaps in water information and identify plans to recharge: Adequate no of check dams may be considered for construction in small rivers and nallahs (1st-2nd order streams) to retain water and recharge of the ground water during the monsoon. This will contribute to increase in base flow in the river during the summer. Large number of additional surface water bodies may be created through digging of tanks and ponds. Large diameter dug wells tapping the phreatic weathered zone can also help substantially to meet the drinking and irrigation need. 4. To identify long term solutions: Any holistic approach for long term solution of water scarcity needs involving the local users besides the coordination among researchers, planners and policy makers. The ways include practicing the water conservation techniques in daily life, increasing the availability of water through minimizing the

Page 214 surface runoff. The additional availability can be stored in aquifers, reservoirs and sumps. Musal river is a tributary of Baitarini river and is having substantial flow during monsoon. Possibility of constructing a minor irrigation project at a suitable location needs to be explored. In addition, the artificial recharge measures in the smaller streams and construction of surface water bodies as mentioned earlier can also help as long term solutions.

5. Protection, management and restoration of water bodies: The water bodies like ponds/tanks are getting dried up during summer due to heavy siltation and low inflow of water. Renovation/de-silting of such water bodies can be taken up on continuous basis in every village under MNEREGA. Construction of recharge well inside the pond can be explored for the recharge of groundwater. Formation of village level committee is one of the steps to prevent encroachment of water bodies/source, illegal mining of on the river bed and protecting it from pollution.

Page 215 Plate-I

Page 216 Block/Tehsil Map of Keonjhar District Plate-II

Page 217

Plate-III

River Water supply scheme on Musal

Page 218

Annexure-I

Officers present during the visit of the technical team to Harichandanpur Block

Sl. Name Designation

1. Ambaris Nayak Superintending Engineer, CWC

2. P. K Mahapatra Scientist-‘D’&TS, CGWB, SER

3. Sudarsan Sahu Scientist-‘C’, CGWB, SER

4. Susanta Kumar Pati Block Development Officer

5. Dilip Kumar Dash EE,LI Division, Keonjhar

6. Rabindra Kumar Panda Dy.Director, Agriculture

7. Basanta Soren AEE, MI Sub-div, Harichandanpur

8. Balaram Mishra EE, RWSS, Anandpur

9. Umesh Kumar Shashini AE, Baitarani Div, Salpada

10. Laxman Marandi AEE, Baitarani Div, Salpada

Page 219 Annexure-II

Details of exploratory bore wells drilled by CGWB, SER, Bhubaneswar in Harichandanpur block, Keonjhar district.

Sl. Block Well Name Location Drilled Formation/ Fracture Dischagre in Water No Depth depth,mbgl lps Level,mbgl (m) (cumulative) Longitude Latitude Aquifer 1 21.1851

Harichandanpur Taldi 85.49296 4 100.5 Granite 99-100.5 2 Harichandanpur Tal-ow 104.8 Granite 104 7.4 3 21.1452 9.9 Harichandanpur Khadibahal 85.56089 8 157.8 Granite 156.0-157.8

6.12 4 Harichandanpur Kh-ow 131 Granite 128.0-129.4 5 Bhagamun 21.1605 2 18.7 Harichandanpur da 85.52246 2 201 Granite 77-78 21.1852 3 6 Harichandanpur Pithagola 85.37527 2 184.3 Granite 7 21.1052 70, 120 , 1.5 3.5 Harichandanpur Barigaon 85.56064 7 178 Granite 150 , 178 21.1500 0 8 Harichandanpur Chilikidara 85.49564 9 202.1 Granite 9 21.1654 Harichandanpur Shuadhala 85.50048 3 202.6 Granite 0 Gelhamund 21.1431 10 Harichandanpur a 85.51374 5 202.6 Granite 2 11 Harichanda 200.00 Granite 82 1.83 2.160 Harichandanpur npur 85.7867 21.3287 23.4- Gr.Gneiss 25,35.1- Harichandanpur Potilo 85 30 16 21 22 43 153.6 4 +Intrusives 35.6,113- 114 12 13 Harichandanpur Buxibari 200.20 Pr. Dolorite 132.10 0.12 gan 85.6754 21.484

36.5- Gr.Gneiss Harichandanpur Potilo 85 30 55 22 22 07 153.6 37.5,119.3- 3.5 +Intrusives 120 14 15 Harichandanpur Deobandh 84 43 55 21 27 53 153.6 Gr.Gneiss 73.1-73.7 0.15 Jaughira 154.50 Pr. Dolorite 132.10 2.20 3.000 16 Harichandanpur 85.625 21.4171 17 Pandapada 160.10 Pr. Dolorite 20.30, 4.80 13.240 Harichandanpur 85.717 21.4836 102.60

Page 220 Annexure-III

Harichandanpur Block

Block Details :

1. Gram Panchayat : 18 Nos 2. Villages : 217 Nos 3. Area : 592.02 Ha

Drinking Water Sources:

1. Tube well : 1407 Nos 2. Rural Piped Water Supply : 25 Nos 3. Production Well : 22 Nos 4. River Lift : 3 Nos

Surface Water Sources:

1. Musala River 5. Sapua Dam 2. Bautia Nalla 6. Kalimati Dam 3. Nandijharan 7. Gobara Dam 4. Remal Dam 8. Sunapenth Dam

Water Scarcity Habitations at present :

1. Harichandanpur town 2. Manoharpur village

Public Complaint if any regarding water scarcity: 17 Nos Supply of Water by Tanker if any: 7 Nos

Crop Area coverage during Khariff-2015:

Target(Ha) Achievement(Ha) 24849 24907

Page 221

Annexure-III-A Irrigation Projects:

Schemes No Khariff Rabi(Ha Temporary Permanent Total including Remarks (Ha) ) defunct Defunct temporary (Ha/No) (Ha/No) Defunct(Ha/No)

1. Bore well 26 130 52 Owned by indivisual farmers

2. River Lift 53 92(4no) 1112(49 no) 1204 3. Minor Irrigation i) Check Dam ii) Diversion weir/Reservoir 4. Medium Irrigation

5. Major Irrigation

Page 222 Annexure-IV

Change in depth to water level in Harichandanpur block, Keonjhar district during Nov 2014 to Nov 2015 (post monsoon)

Block Location Nov-14 Nov-15 Fluctuation

HARICHADANPUR Baxibargaon 3.38 3.30 0.08 -

Harichandanpur 2.80 3.01 -0.21

Harichandanpur-I 6.08 2.81 -

Jhangira 2.54 2.44 0.10

Sonapent 3.21 3.30 -0.09

Page 223

GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES, RIVER DEVELOPMENT & GANGA REJUVENATION

REPORT ON THE SPOT STUDY OF WATER SITUATION IN DROUGHT AFFECTED AREAS OF COUNTRY BY TECHNICAL TEAM COMPRISING OF OFFICERS FROM CENTRAL WATER COMMISSION (CWC) AND CENTRAL GROUND WATER BOARD (CGWB)

NAME OF SPOT: CHAMPUA BLOCK OF KEONJHAR, ODISHA

DATE OF VISIT: 6TH MAY, 2016

Page 224 Report On the Spot Study of Water Situation in Drought Affected Areas of Country by Technical Team comprising Officers from Central Water Commission (CWC) and Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) on 6th May, 2016

Reference : F.No.T.28021/1/2016-GW Desk Dated 25th April, 2016 Date of Visit : 6th May, 2016 Area visited : Champua Block of Keonjhar District of Odisha No. of Gram Panchayats in the Block : 20 No. of Villages : 151 Total Area : 478.47 Km2

The team visited Champua block of Keonjhar district of Odisha which received a rainfall of 638.9 mm (-58% deviation from Normal) during the monsoon period from 1st June, 2015 to 31st October, 2015 and held discussion with the Block Development Officer (BDO) & other concerned State Government Officials about the situation of water stress / water scarcity in the block. The list of participants present in the discussion is enclosed at Annexure – I. The District map and Block map are given at Plate-I & Plate-II respectively.

During discussion, BDO informed that there has been crop loss of more than 33 % in the block and it has been declared as drought prone area. However, there has been no complaint regarding the supply of drinking water. As such supply of water by tankers to the affected areas did not arise.

However, a water supply scheme (River lift) located on the river bed of left bank of River Aradei for supply of drinking water to Rimuli town failed to meet the demand due to drying up the river bed. In fact the river channel shifted gradually to the right due to bank erosion. The percolation well on the left bank of the river is about 10m in depth. The team visited the spot, the photograph of which is enclosed at Plate –III. The Sarapanch of Rimuli Panchayat was also present at the site. The Department of rural water supply (RWSS) is in the process of setting up another percolation well upstream of the existing one at an estimated cost of Rs 22.00 lakh with depth of 18m. Tender has

Page 225 been invited for this works. Drinking water to those areas are being supplied from the production well of the block.

The ground water through tube well / production bore well (constructed by state government) is available with the normal yield varying between 2-3 lps. The depth of a tube well (generally fitted with hand pumps) hand pumps are normally about 60 m while that of production bore well is ~150 m. Central Ground Water Board has also constructed 8 exploratory bore wells (depth range: 87.5-200.0 m below ground) in the block, which register yield in the range of ~1-13 lps (Annexure II). However, most of the bore wells exhibit yield of ~1-2 lps. Only two wells constructed in Champua proper register the discharge of ~12-13 lps. The water level in the bore wells rest at ~4-14 m below ground. The quality of ground water is good in most of the areas except in few spots where iron content is stated to be more.

There are other available sources of water in the block like streams, nallahs and surface water bodies. The detail of sources of water is given at Annexure-III.

The findings of the Committee as per the Terms of Reference are as under:

1. To analyze the problem and causes leading to such situations: Though the water scarcity is largely attributed to deficit in annual rainfall, the other important factors which further worsens the situation include; (1) non-availability of potential deep aquifers/fractures in hard rock, (2) barren and bad-land topography leading to soil erosion, high siltation in ponds/tanks/surface water bodies which reduces their water holding capacity, (3) high slope and undulating land leading to high runoff, (4) non-availability of enough surface water runoff retention structures to facilitate groundwater recharge, and (5) lack of understanding and awareness among people for water conservation and sustainable management and development of water resources. Deficit rainfall has definitely affected the depth to water level in the wells. The water level data from the dug wells for the post monsoon period of the years 2014 and 2015 indicate a decline in the block (Annexure IV). The yield is hardly 2-3 lps, which accounts for about 43,000-65,000 litres of water available per day for an

Page 226 average 6 hours of pumping. One such bore well can help in meeting at best the drinking need of ~300-500 persons per day @135 litres per capita per day (lpcd). The dug wells, which go up to ~15 m deep below ground can hardly meet any irrigation need owing to their low yield. The Aradei river is not fully dry as water is visible here and there on the river bed. As the river channel has shifted away around 25 m due to flooding and bank erosion, adequate quantity of water is not being collected in the percolation chamber to run the pump. Again, the thin sheet of sand in the old river bed, which stores water during the lean periods, has been removed by . The old bed towards the percolation tank has been raised over the years by /mud deposited by the river itself and other artificial filling due to anthropogenic activities. It has further deteriorated the flow connectivity between the active river channel and the percolation tank. The rainfall of the location during the monsoon is about 58% below normal. There is no check dam near the percolation well. The check dams are built to hold and delay the flowing down of water in the river thereby facilitating the recharge of ground water in the surrounding. This will enhance the base flow during non monsoon season also.

2. Identify water resources management challenge: Water conservation and recharging through community participation. Organisation of public awareness and campaigning pogramme during summer to sensitize for maximum impact. In such areas, rain water harvesting through different means would be a boon in the attempt for sustainable development and management of water resources.

3. Identify gaps in water information and identify plans to recharge: Though 10 no check dams are stated to be there on Aradei river but none of them located near the percolation well. So adequate no of check dams may be considered for construction in small rivers and nallahs (1st-2nd order streams) to retain water and recharge of the ground water during the monsoon. This will contribute to increase in base flow in the river during the summer.

Page 227 Large number of additional surface water bodies may be created through digging of tanks and ponds. Large diameter dug wells tapping the pheratic weathered zone can also help substantially to meet the drinking and irrigation need.

4. To identify long term solutions: Any holistic approach for long term solution of water scarcity needs involving the local users besides the coordination among researchers, planners and policy makers. The ways include practicing the water conservation techniques in daily life, increasing the availability of water through minimizing the surface runoff. The additional availability can be stored in aquifers, reservoirs and sumps. Aradei river is a tributary of the major Baitarini river and is having substantial flow during monsoon. Possibility of constructing a minor irrigation project at a suitable location needs to be explored. In addition, the artificial recharge measures in the smaller streams and construction of surface water bodies as mentioned earlier can also help as long term solutions.

5. Protection, management and restoration of water bodies: The water bodies like ponds/tanks are getting dried up during summer due to heavy siltation and low inflow of water. Renovation/desilting of such water bodies can be taken up on continuous basis in every village under MNEREGA. Construction of recharge well inside the pond can be explored for the recharge of groundwater. Formation of village level committee is one of the steps to prevent encroachment of water bodies/source, illegal mining of sand on the river bed and protecting it from pollution.

Page 228

Plate-I

Page 229 Block/Tehsil Map of Keonjhar District Plate-II

Page 230 Plate-III

River Water Supply scheme on Aradei

Page 231 Annexure-I

Officers present during the visit of the technical team to Champua Block

Sl. Name Designation

1. Ambarish Nayak Superintending Engineer(C),CWC

2. P. K Mahapatra Scientist-‘D’&TS,CGWB,SER

3. Sudarshan Sahu Scientist-‘C’, CGWB,SER

4. Kushal Chandra Naik B.D.O., Champua

5. Dilip Kumar Dash E.E., L-I Division, Keonjhar

6. Ajaya Kumar Chalore A.E.E., M.I. Section, Champua

7. Rabindra Kumar Panda D.D.A., Keonjhar

8. Jadunath Murmu A.E., Champua Block

9. Jagamohan Naik J.E., M.I. Section, Champua

10. Ajit Kumar Naik J.E., M.I. Section-II

11. Gajendranath Gochhayat D.A.O., Champua

12. Abhinash Behera A.A.O., Champua

13. Ramakrishna Singh J.E.-II, RWSS, Champua

14. Ajoy Kumar Behera S.D.O., RWSS, Champua

15. Md. Iqbal Khan J.E.-I, RSWSS, Champua

Page 232 Annexure-II

Details of exploratory bore wells drilled by CGWB, SER, Bhubaneswar in Champua block, Keonjhar district.

S.No Block Location Lat./Lo Depth Lithology Depth Granular SWL Discharge Drawdown ng. drilled to Bed zones/ (mbgl) (lps) (m) In (mbgl) rock deciphered / Date decimal (mbgl) (mbgl)

Champua Remuli 200.00 OMG 15.00 27.4, 57.9, 4.360 0.80 17.58 22.0015 Tonalite 60.9, 61.9, / 9, 77.2 85.5938 1 -do- Champua 108.30 -do- 21.00 28.40, 3.850 12.30 7.17 37.50, 22.0638 100.60, / 103.60 2 85.6411 -do- Champua 22.0638 87.50 -do- 21.00 3.800 13.00 NA / 85.6411 3 -do- Kalikaprasad 21.9774 111.80 Biotite 22.50 22.3, 40.60, 13.675 2.13 16.645 / Granite 73.1, 100.60 4 85.5515 -do- Kalikaprasad-II 200.00 Biotite 25.31 63.20, 13.965 1.00 NA 21.9774 Granite 114.00 / 5 85.5515 -do- K. Prasad –III 21.9774 27.00 Biotite 27.00 18.10, 24.10 NA NA NA / Granite 6 85.5515 -do- Karanjia 21.9536 200.00 Dolerite & 4.90 15.80, 4.840 1.00 NA / Granite 69.20, 82.50 7 85.6540 -do- Jyotipur 21.9345 191.70 Dolerite & 23.10 33.15, 47.8, 5.790 1.35 23.290 / Granite 148, 149 8 85.7563

Page 233 Annexure-III Champua Block

Block Details :

1. Gram Panchayat : 22 Nos 2. Villages : 136 Nos

Drinking Water Sources:

1. Tube well : 1529 Nos 2. Rural Piped Water Supply : 33 Nos 3. Solar tube well : 53 Nos

Surface Water Sources:

1. 2. Aradei River

Water Scarcity Habitations at present :

1. Taduabahal Village 2. Rimuli village

Public Complaint if any regarding water scarcity : Nil Supply of Water by Tanker if any : Nil

Crop Area coverage during Khariff-2015 :

Target(Ha) Achievement(Ha) 22769 22420

Page 234 Annexure-III-A

Irrigation Schemes:

Schemes No Khariff Rabi(Ha) Temporary Permanent Total including Remarks (Ha) defunct Defunct temporary. (Ha) (Ha/No) Defunct (Ha/No)

1. Bore well 238 1190 476 Owned by indivisual farmers 2. River Lift 114 1748(78 no) 764(31 no) 132(5 no) 2644 3. Minor Irrigation i) Check Dam 28 433 ii) Diversion 13 1201 40 weir/Reservoir 4. Medium Irrigation

5. Major Irrigation

Page 235 Annexure-IV

Change in depth to water level in Champua block, Keonjhar district during Nov 2014 to Nov 2015 (post monsoon)

Depth to water level (m below ground) Block Location Fluctuation Remark Nov 2014 Nov 2015

Champua 2.99 3.19 -0.20 Decline Jaymangalpur 3.17 3.36 -0.19 -do- Champua Jodipada 3.11 3.00 0.11 Mild rise Parsora 2.00 2.13 -0.13 Decline Sasang 2.29 2.46 -0.17 -do-

Page 236 APPENDIX IX

Sub: On the spot study of water situation in drought affected areas of Country by technical team comprising officers from CWC & CGWB.

Status Report on activities undertaken to study Water Situation in drought affected areas of the Gujarat.

1. Introduction In view of the acute shortage of water being faced in several parts of the country , the Hon’ble Minister, Ministry of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvination, Govt. of India has desired that respective regional CWC offices should prepare a status report in respect of such areas bringing out clearly as to what could be done in this regard. In this regard MOWR,RD & GR vide Order dated 25/04/2016 directed to formulate a committee with the following composition: 1. Regional Director, CWC 2. Regional Director, CGWB 3. One Hydrologist each from CWC and CGWB 4. One Officer from State Water Resources Department The terms of Reference (ToR) for the committee are as under: (i) To analyse the problem and causes leading to such situations (ii) Identify Water Resources management challenge (iii) Identify gaps in water information and identify plans to recharge (iv) To identify long term solutions (v) Protection, management and restoration of water bodies (vi) The team shall also prepare a Work Plan for possible options for prolonged strategy.

2. In accordance with the above, a committee consisting of the following members has been constituted for the state of Gujarat:- 1) Shri Y S Varshney, Director, Monitoring, CWC, Gandhinagar 2) Shri Anoop Nagar, Regional Director, CGWB, West Central Region, Ahmedabad 3) Shri H J Patel, Superintending Engineer, Central Design Organisation (CDO), Govt. of Gujarat, Gandhinagar 4) Shri Biswarup Mohapatra, Scientist C (Hydrogeologist), CGWB, Ahmedabad 5) Shri Naresh Porwal, Assistant Director, CWC, Gandhinagar

Page 237 3. The committee & its meetings / visits The committee has so far held two preliminary meetings on 5th May and 9th May ’16 to consider the situation in view of the preliminary information / data. Further need / collection of relevant data, action to be taken by the committee members. It was observed that data / information from Water Supply Department as well as Agriculture Department have not been received for which request were made by the regional office of CWC. It was decided to pursue expeditious collection of information from these departments. In addition, during the first meeting held on 05/05/2016 at Gandhinagar, the team went through the data/ information received from the Water Resources department of Govt. of Gujarat. It was decided to obtain details of drought affected regions from the Revenue Department, Govt. of Gujarat. The resolutions of the Revenue Department, Govt. of Gujarat was received from the office of Revenue Department on 6.6.2016. As per the latest resolution of Revenue Department of 18th April 2016. There is no village under drought condition. However, 994 villages of 25 Talukas under 5 Districts are declared to be under semi drought condition as per the resolution of Revenue Department, Govt. of Gujarat. The second meeting of the committee was held on 09.05.2016 (F.N.) at Gandhinagar and it was decided to do sample survey of the semi-drought areas to assess the situation at the ground level. Based on the discussion and analysis held during the meeting’s held on 05.05.2016 and 09.05.2016, an interim report on water scarcity in Gujarat specifically during the current summer, as per the ToR is as follows.

I. To analyze the problem and causes leading to such situations Similar to the wide geographical diversity, in the State of Gujarat, Climates, particularly rainfall also has great variations across area and time. While the south and central regions of Gujarat receive rainfall in excess of 100 mm annually. It is nearly 400- 800 mm in Saurastra and seen less than 400 mm in Kachchh. Total available water resources of the State are estimated about 50000 MCM of which surface water is 38000 MCM and Ground water is 12000 MCM. Regionally speaking, while certain regions of the State have adequate available water resources, major region of Saurastra & Kachchh as well as some parts of North Gujarat fall under the water stressed category (With a per annum per capita water availability < 1200 m3 ). Since 1900, the State has faced scarcity of water and food almost 30 times. To cater the

Page 238 need of the increasing population of the State and to keep pace with the increasing economical development, the demand of water is to be met with from the limited water resources available.

The Cultivable area is 1,24,000 sq.km. i.e. two third of total area of the State and over 65,000 sq.kms. of land cannot be supplied irrigation water even after completion of Narmada Project. The available surface and ground water is used for drinking purpose, industries, agriculture and hydal power, fisheries etc. Out of which, nearly 80% is used for agricultural purpose.

The south west monsoon rainfall in the state of Gujarat during the year 2015 was below normal and the average rainfall was about 82% of long term average. Moreover, there was large variation in its spatial and temporal distribution. Previously monsoon 2014 was also below normal in major basins of the State. Rainfall below the normal during succeeding monsoon is the main reason leading to semi drought condition in some parts of Gujarat. A deficiency in rainfall causes depletion in both Surface and Ground water levels and adversely affects agricultural activities. Also, in some parts of the state, change in cropping pattern due to availability of water through irrigation has resulted in more consumption of water with water intensive crops.

As per the report received from Water Resources Department , Govt of Gujarat the status of reservoirs of this regions as on 15th April is as under: Overall at State Level 26.35 % North Gujarat -25.59% Central Gujarat – 31.12% South Gujarat- 30.35% Kutch Region- 22.06% And Saurashtra region- 9.37%

As far as Ground water is concerned decline in water level is observed in some parts due to over exploitation of the Ground Water Resources owing to increase demand for irrigation, industrial and other purposes. Due to poor / scanty rainfall in many areas the aquifers are not getting recharged. Moreover the aquifers in the costal areas exhibit poor ground water quality because of salinity ingress.

Page 239 II. Identify Water Resources management challenge From the above discussion it is clear that the regional diversity and availability of the water, low to very low rain fall in many area, poor rechargability of aquifers and poor ground water quality are major challenges in water resources management,. The some of these main challenges are as given below: • Need to identify location of creating storage facilities for rain water • Need to identify locations for creating recharge facilities, improve aquifer strata. • Need to explore the possibility of transferring rain water from area having high rain fall to area having less rainfall (say interlinking of storages) • Need for creating series of storages in river cross-sections using weirs. • Interlinking of rivers flowing in high rain fall zones and transfer water to area having less rainfall. • Priority of water usage to be ascertained in advance. Norms for reserving water for drinking / domestic needs to be formed. • Supply of water shall be on volumetric basis for irrigation and should be metered for domestic supply. • During scarcity period, prohibitory activities for use of water shall be defined and implemented. • Early completion of water resources projects, particularly expeditious land acquisition for water projects.

Mitigation Measures : As a mitigating measures, Govt of Gujarat has reserved 56 reservoirs for drinking purpose only, out of which the water supply can be made for 03 months from 34reservoires, less than 01 month from 05nos, Nil in 12 reservoirs and not lifting from 04 nos. and 01 based on Narmada Project. In addition Govt of Gujarat has also implemented the scheme SAUNI YOJNA (Saurashtra Narmada Avtaran Irrigation Yojana) under which Narmada water are fetched from Sardar Sarovar canal system to parched area of Saurastra and Kachchh. It is proposed to utilize allocated 1 MAF of surplus Narmada water to augment and firm up irrigation potential of existing 115 dams of Saurastra. The dams which are to be replenished include 24 in Rajkot, 6 in Morbi, 24 in Jamnagar, 11 in Devbhumi Dwarka, 13 in Junagadh, 1 in Gir-Somnath, 12 in Amreli, 11 in Bhavnagar, 3 in Botad, 6 in Surendranagar and 4 in Porbandar district of Saurastra. The Narmada Surplus water will off take from Saurastra branch canal through 4 links of pipelines.

Page 240

III. Identify gaps in water information and identify plans to recharge • 5th M I census for different water bodies are being carried out at present & data for different open wells, tube wells are already available as per 4th MI Census.

• Series of KT weirs in River cross section storages can recharge the ground water wells as well

• Recharging of these open wells and tube wells can be done very effectively at minimum cost as infrastructure is already available as minor projects.

• The bodies like CGWB and state GWB shall also map potential aquifer which can easily be recharged.

• Due to dependency on Narmada water supply, the local water supply schemes have been inadequately maintained. These alternate water supply systems of local bodies shall be kept in working condition throughout the year simultaneously.

• To create facilities / arrangements to allow more rain water to penetrate in to soil thereby flourishing aquifer, sub-soil water which can recharge / improve ground water table, making the river flows with minimum discharge / storages in weirs.

• Central Ground Water Board has prepared a master plan for taking up activities for recharging of Ground water for whole of Gujarat. A total area of 19407 Sq. km has been identified feasible for artificial recharge in different districts of the state. Taking in to the considerations the existing structures suitable in the districts, it is worked out that additional 1800 percolation tank and 16975 check dams / weirs are feasible in the state.

IV. To identify long term solutions Given the relatively, lower availability of Ground water of 12000 MCM in comparison of 38000 MCM of surface water, it is desirable that judicious mix of conjunctive use is resorted to meet the water needs. It will also required on the one hand a storage mix of large and medium, reservoirs, small reservoirs, local water bodies, small recharge structures, like check dams, recharge ponds etc. and on the other appropriate watershed management so that rain water is harvested more efficiently.

Page 241 • At present, 157 urban centers and 8049 villages are dependent on Narmada water that is supplied through pipelines from Narmada Main Canal and their branches. Therefore, it is necessary to built storage tanks at suitable places for drinking water storages so that those would be used in case of maintenance of canal. • Series of KT weirs with storages in River cross-sections with constant minimum releases from upstream reservoirs can maintain SW/ GW levels in sustainable manner. • The traditional sources of water supply should be kept alive so that these can be used in case of failure of water supply from Narmada Canal due to any unavoidable reasons. • Rain Water Harvesting should be encouraged which can ensure village water supply. • New for Drought risk management such as weather , trade in water use, inter basin and intra basin water use planning • State Govt. should set up a mission/Task force for Drought mitigation system that advise state Govt. for the policy and planning for drought mitigation measures. • To encourage farmers for Water saving crops, Micro irrigation system such as drip or sprinkler irrigation to activate Water user associations • To spread and awareness among public regarding Water conservation and Rain water harvesting, optimum water use for saving of water etc. • Conjunctive use of Ground and Surface water in drought affected areas in a judicious manner to increase crop production • Promoting agronomic practices for moisture conservation

• Locating alternate potential resources

• Desalination of brackish/saline water for use in emergency conditions

• To monitor reservoirs properly and water should be released after careful planning. The state Irrigation Dept should prepare a water Budget for every reservoir covering all the priorities such as drinking water supply, Irrigation requirement and industrial requirement with evaporation losses. • The project for Inter linking of rivers, where Draft Project Report (DPR) is completed shall be implemented expeditiously and project report under study shall be expedited. Presently estimate of availability of water from inter linking of rivers  Damanganga – Pinjal Link (DP) - 110 MCM  Par – Tapi – Narmada Link (PTN) - 1330 MCM  Damanganga – Sabarmati-Chorvad Link (DSC) - 2037 MCM  Rajasthan – Sabarmati Link (RSL) - 1384 MCM

Page 242  Rajasthan – Sabarmati Link (RSL) - 1384 MCM Priority shall be given to interlinking of rivers project.

• De silting of existing reservoirs/ponds/dams shall be carried out • Aforestation of upstream catchment shall be done to retard the sedimentation • Diversion structures for DSC Link is required to be constructed on every river crossing e.g. major rivers like Karjan, Narmada, Panam, Mahi, Watrak, Meshwo etc. During spills from these dams, the flood water can be diverted to DSC Link.

V. Protection, management and restoration of water bodies • The traditional water bodies in the villages should be preserved. • De-siltation and Repair, Renovation and Restoration of Water bodies may be taken up as also envisaged under the Jal Kranti Abhiyan so that water can be made available in case of emergencies within the village. • Encroachment from the water bodies and their catchment area must be taken up. • Sustainable series of storages can be ensured in the river cross-section by using KT weirs, to be regularly filled by upstream storages can improve the situation.

Page 243 APPENDIX X

Page 244

Page 245 Status Report in respect of Marathwada Region of Maharashtra facing Acute Shortage of Water

1.0 BACKGROUND

As per the instructions of CWC, New Delhi conveyed vide Chief Engineer (HRM), New Delhi’s letter No. CE(HRM)/Misc./2016 dated 12.04.2016, to submit a status report on the acute shortage of water being faced in Marathwada region, bringing out clearly as to what could be done in this regard, the Divisional Commissioner, was requested to convene a meeting of concerned officers of Mrathwada Region. Accordingly a team of following officers from CWC, and CGWB, Nagpur visited Aurangabad and held a meeting in the office of the Divisional Commissioner, Aurangabad on 23rd April, 2016;

i) Shri Shiv Nandan Kumar, Chief Engineer (MCO), CWC, Nagpur. ii) Shri R.D. Deshpande, Director, Monitoring Directorate, CWC, Nagpur iii) Shri D.M. Raipure, Superintending Engineer (Coord.), CWC, Nagpur iv) Shri Milind Panpatil, Dy. Director, Appraisal Directorate, CWC, Nagpur. v) Shri Venkateshwaran, Scientist 'D', CGWB, Nagpur.

Collectors of all the districts under Marathwada region namely Latur, Jalna, Beed, Osmanabad, Parbhani, Hingoli, and Aurangabad along with other officers concerned of all the districts, Executive Director, Godavari Marathwada Irrigation Development Corporation (GMIDC), Water Resources Department, Aurangabad, officers from Agriculture Department and officers from various other departments were present in the meeting. The meeting was chaired by the Hon’ble Minister (Revenue, Relief & Rehabilitation), Govt. of Maharashtra, Shri . The Hon’ble Minister (Water Resources), Govt. of Maharashtra, Shri Girish Mahajan was also present in the meeting for some time.

Detailed presentation was made followed by discussions on the following points;

i) The extent of problem of drought and acute shortage of water in the various districts of Marathwada region:

ii) Details of various existing sources of water for drinking and other purposes.

Page 246 iii) Measures that are being taken up by the various agencies of the Govt. of Maharashtra to tackle the problem.

iv) Medium and long term measures that could be thought of to tackle the problem.

2.0 INTRODUCTION

Marathwada region is one of the five regions of the State of Maharashtra and coincides with Aurangabad administrative Division of Maharashtra which is situated in the central south east part of the State. Marathwada region comprises 8 districts having total 38 Sub Divisions, 76 Talukas, having total population, as per 2011 census, of 1.87 crores. The geographical area of the region is 63.93 lakh ha. The 8 districts of the region are Latur, Osmanabad, Beed, Nanded, Hingoli, Parbhani, Jalna and Aurangabad. Marathwada region is an important educational and tourist centre in the State of Maharashtra. A Map indicating the geographical locations of 8 districts in the Marathwada region is appended herewith as Annex-I.

3.0 PROBLEM AND CAUSES LEADING TO SUCH SITUATIONS:

The main attributes to the acute water shortage and drought in the Marathwada region are:

i) Meteorological scarcity (climate change) ii) Hydrological scarcity (deficit rainfall) iii) Agricultural scarcity (reduction in agricultural production).

The average rainfall in the region is 779 mm. However, during 2012 and 2013 the actual rainfall was 538.28 mm and 854.37 mm respectively. Whereas, the rainfall during 2014 was 414.03 mm which was 53% of the average rainfall and during 2015 it was 433.64 mm which was 56% of the average rainfall of the region. During 2015 the actual rainfall in the was 43.96% of average rainfall, in it was 48.56%, in Beed it was 49.6% and in Latur it was 51.57% and in Osmanabad it was 48.44% of the average rainfall. It was also reported that the rainfall occurred during monsoon period of 2015, the total rainy days were 46 days and total dry days were 107 days. During 2015 the rainfall was 56% of the average rainfall that too in 30% period of the rainy season. Thus, during last five years the rainfall was erratic and deficit in the region causing drought and acute water

Page 247 shortage situation in the region. A graph indicating the rainfall in the region in 2015 is appended herewith as Annex-II

4.0 WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT CHALLENGE

In Marathwada Region of Maharashtra, there are 11 major projects having projected storage of 5143 MCM and 75 medium projects having 934.57 MCM. Total number of projects including major, medium and minor projects and barrages on Godavari and Manjra are 843, projected storage capacity of which is 7968.03 MCM.

A table indicating the live storage as on 15.10.2015 and 22.04.2016 is appended as Annex-III. From the table, it is observed that, only 15% of live storage was available during October 2015 whereas on 22.4.2016 it was just 2.59% of the live storage. The 11 major projects in the region are:

(i) Jayakwadi (ii) Yeldari (iii) Siddheshwar (iv) (v) Manjra (vi) Penganga (vii) Lower Terna (viii) Manar (ix) Vishnupuri (x) Lower Dudhna (xi) Sina Kolegaon Out of these, it was reported that, in April 2016 live storage of 9% is available in Penganga, 6% in Vishnupuri and 16% in Lower Dudhna Project. The other 8 projects have no water storage which could be utilized for drinking or domestic purposes.

The , which is considered the lifeline of the Marathwada, which has a projected gross storage of 2171 MCM with dead storage of 738 MCM, has no live storage, while the dead stock level as on 16.4.16 is 625.21 MCM. Out of total dead stock utilizable water is of the order of 262.95 MCM only. Daily water requirement, of Aurangabad, Jalna, Georai city, 37 water supply schemes, MIDC water supply and water loss due to evaporation is of the order of 2.5 MCM and thus utilizable water in dead stock will last for 105 days only. A graph indicating the water storage in above mentioned 11 Major irrigation projects in the region in 2016 viz-a- viz 2015 is annexed as Annex-IV. Lower Dudhna and Upper Penganga Project are included under Accelerated Irrigation Benefits Programme (AIBP), of MoWR, RD & GR.

Groundwater scenario in the region is also not good enough. The total 11 talukas of Parbhani, 8 talukas in Osmanabad district, 5 talukas in Hingoli and Latur districts has decreased ground water level by more than 3 meters in January 2016.

Page 248

A bar graph showing the static water levels in January 2016 viz-a-viz average water level of last 5 years in all the 8 districts of the Marathwada region is appended as Annex-V. A report of Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) on the ground water scenario of Marathwada region is appended as Appendix- A

Out of the geographical area of 63.93 lakh ha of Marathwada region, the area under Kharip is 43.93 lakh ha whereas under Rabi it is 20.77 lakh ha. There was substantial reduction in the agricultural production and productivity. The reduction in yield has been reported to the extent of 70%, whereas the Paisewari/Anewari in 8522 villages in the region has been reported to be below 50 paisa.

5.0 MEASURES BEING TAKEN UP

As per the information provided during the meeting, Latur city has been identified as “very severe” under scarcity action plan whereas 5 talukas of Latur, Beed and Osmanabad have been identified under “severe” category.

Immediate need of the drinking water is being fulfilled through 3032 tankers in various districts of the Marathwada region. The highest number of tankers has been deployed in followed by Jalna, Osmanabad and Latur.

Acquisition/requisition of total 6250 wells has been made for water supply through tankers and other means in 4427 villages in different districts of Marathwada region. The highest number of acquisition of wells has been made in Latur and Osmanabad districts which are of the order of 1200 and 1246 respectively. Short term and medium term measures have been taken up for implementation through various agencies for tackling the problem of drought and acute water shortage in the region along with other areas of the State of Maharashtra. The “Jalyukta Shivar Abhiyan” has been taken up since the end of 2014 for water conservation with target date of completion as 2019 with the following objectives :

i) Water conservation in village periphery/ Shivar itself.

ii) Increasing water table and water availability

iii) Protective irrigation to crops

iv) Increasing water use efficiency

v) Creating decentralized water storages structures

Page 249 vi) RRR of the existing water storage structures

vii) Desilting

viii) Water budgeting i.e. awareness and sensitization

 Integrated approach for convergence of all the schemes of various departments of Govt. of Maharashtra has been adopted for extent of village action plan.

The various activities being taken up under “Jalyukt Shivar Abhiyan” comprises:

i) Watershed works

ii) Chain Cement Nala Bund with deepening and widening of Nalla

iii) Rejuvenation of old structures

iv) Repairing of existing minor irrigation structures (KT Weir)

v) Repairing, Renovation & Restoration (RRR) of percolation tanks, minor irrigation tanks.

vi) Desiltation of percolation tank/village tank/stocking tank/Shivkalin tank/British tank/Nizam tank/Matinala Bund

vii) Remedies for potential use of major and medium projects

viii) Implementation of Nala/River Connection projects.

ix) Well/Bore well recharge

x) Efficient use of available water (drip/sprinkler irrigation)

xi) Strengthening of drinking water sources

xii) Strengthening of water use co-operative societies.

xiii) Canal Repairing.

In Marathwada region the total number of 8530 villages have been identified under “Jalyukt Shivar Abhiyan” out of which 1682 villages have been selected for the year 2014-15. Construction of recharge shaft for increasing yield and of borewells by infiltration of flow rain water and rooftop water harvesting has also been taken up at a few places.

Page 250 The details of works included under “Jalyukt Shivar Abhiyan” and the works completed so far under the programme is annexed as Annex-VI.

6.0 LONG TERM SOLUTIONS

The representatives from various departments of Govt. of Maharashtra including the Executive Director, GMIDC, advocated for diversion of water from other basins of Maharashtra to Marathwada region as a long term measure. The State Authorities advocated following long term measures to tackle the problem of water scarcity in the region :

(i) The Executive Director, GMIDC, Water Resources Department, Govt. of Maharashtra has suggested for completion of projects from drought prone area (DPAP). These include 33 number of projects which will benefit 121 villages and will create additional storage of 141.14 MCM, 15 number of barrages on Godavari river and 20 number of barrages on Manjra-Terna river which will benefit 135 villages due to barrages on Godavari river and 49 villages due to barrages on Manjra-Terna river.

(ii) As a long term measure, WRD, Govt. of Maharashtra has suggested to complete the Krishna-Marathwada Irrigation Project. The project comprises lifting of water from Ujjani reservoir in district to irrigate 87188 ha through 3 LIS i.e. LIS-I, LIS-II and LIS-III. Eight talukas of Osmanabad district will be benefited through LIS-I and LIS-II whereas one Ashti taluka of Beed district will be benefited through LIS-III. For permanent and long term water supply to Latur city and nearby villages which are presently dependent on Manjra dam, the WRD proposes to incorporate the water supply scheme proposed separately by Maharashtra Jeevan Pradhikaran (MJP) in the ongoing Krishna-Marathwada scheme. As the project has been started since 2011 many of the works have been completed and other works are are at various stages of completion. The progress of the project was reported to be hampered due to non- availability of funds. Out of the total updated cost of the project of Rs.5599 crores, expenditure of Rs.927 crores has been incurred upto end of March 2016 with the balance cost 4762 crores with the targeted date of completion as March 2020. A map of the Krishna-Marathwada Irrigation Project is appended as Annex-VII.

Page 251 (iii) 14 TMC of waters shared from Godavari basin to Krishna basin for , to be diverted above Nagarjun Sagar Dam from Krishna basin to Godavari basin for the use in Latur, Osmanabad and Beed districts under Manjra Sub basin.

(iv) Diversion of about 6 TMC water by gravity from Upper Vaitarna to Godavari basin from Kokan region.

(v) Diversion of about 30 TMC water from Wainganga, Pranhita and Indravati from Vidarbha region of Maharashtra to Manjra dam.

(vi) Diversion of water from west flowing rivers of the tune of 80 TMC to Godavari basin.

A map showing the river basins of Maharashtra and schematic diagram for transfer of water to Marathwada is appended as Annex-VIII.

7.0 CONCLUSION:

From the discussions during the meeting with the officers from various departments, agencies of Govt. of Maharashtra, the water requirement of various districts of the Marathwada region, presently, are being fulfilled through tankers, acquisition of wells, making trenches in the river bed etc. Water is also being transported from Warna dam near Miraj to Latur by railway wagons. For additional requirement of other districts in the region, action is being reported to be taken up for transportation of water from Lower Dudhna project by railway wagons. Efforts are being made to augment supply of water through various enroute schemes as a short term measure.

To avoid recurrence of such situation, medium and long term measures as suggested above need to be considered on priority. Further, since the rainfall in the region of Marathwada is scanty, the long term solution of inter-basin transfer from other adjoining basins /regions of Maharashtra also needs to be thought of. Further, detailed study of Hydro-Meteorology and Hydro-Geology taking into account the environmental aspects for inter-basin transfers may be useful to arrive at an appropriate long term solution to tackle the problem of drought and acute water shortage of the region of Marathwada in Maharashtra State.

Page 252 ANNEX-I

Map indicating Districts in Marathwada Region of Maharashtra

Page 253 Annex-II.

DISTRICT WISE RAINFALL - 2015

A'BAD JALNA PARBHANI HINGOLI NANDED BEED LATUR OS'BAD TOTAL AVG RAINFALl(MM) 675.46 688.31 774.62 892.76 955.54 666.36 802.13 776.81 779 ACTUAL RAINFALL(MM) 518.53 455.48 340.49 570.14 464.01 330.56 413.66 376.31 433.64 PERCENTAGE 76.77 66.17 43.96 63.86 48.56 49.6 51.57 48.44 55.67 6

Page 254

Annex-III

Water Storage on 15.10.2015 & 22.04.2016 Name of Project No.of Projected Live Storage As on Live Storage as on Project (MCum) 15/10/2015 Date 22.04.2016 MCum % MCum %

Major 11 5143.00 781.00 15 151.09 3

Medium 75 934.57 167.74 18 41.50 4 , Minor 728 1584.49 179.61 11 40.03 3

Govadavari 11 231.64 55.14 24 3.84 2 Barrages

Manjara Barrages 18 75.53 12.75 17 1.60 2

Total 843 7969.23 1196.25 15 238.05 3 5

Page 255

Annex-IV

WATER STORAGE IN MAJOR IRRIGATION PROJECTS

2015 2016 PERCENTAGE

31 28 25

16 14 12.81 11 10 9 6 6 2.59 0 0.03 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

11

Page 256

Annex-V

GRAPH SHOWING STATIC WATER LEVEL IN JANUARY 2016

AVG. OF LAST 5 YRS. (MTR.) JAN. 16 ENDING AVG. (MTR.) A'BAD JALNA PARBHANI HINGOLI NANDED BEED LATUR O'BAD

5.56 5.99 6.08

7.42 7.77 7.93 8.79 8.88 8.82 8.85 9.66 9.45 9.38 10.47 10.31

11.85

14

Page 257 Annex-VI(1/2)

DETAILS OF WORKS UNDER JALYUKT SHIVAR ABHIYAN

Total Works Completed Work Ongoing works Sr Expenditure Name of Work No./ Ha. No./ Ha. No./ Ha. No No. Area (Ha.) No. Area (Ha.) No. Area (Ha.) (` in Lakh) Compartment 1 Bunding 7885 208102.16 5358 140163.49 2527 67938.67 8630.22 2 Contour Cont. Trench 474 4178.31 269 2199.19 205 1979.12 672.07 3 Mati Nala Bund 823 0.00 610 177.00 213 4.00 1722.81 Loose Boulder 4 Structer 372 405.97 134 405.97 238 0.00 321.35 5 Gabian Structure 326 0.00 3 0.00 323 0.00 0.00 6 Deep C.C.T. 1593 20141.25 1393 18437.65 200 1703.60 3134.21 7 Earthern Structure 1504 0.00 223 15.85 1281 0.00 49.10 Loose Bolder 8 Structure 1276 1315.00 795 1225.00 481 90.00 110.29 9 Repairing of MNB 420 0.00 295 0.00 125 0.00 195.27 10 Graded Bunding 1545 40406.15 1346 39424.70 199 981.45 3827.06 11 Bunding 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 12 Farm Pond 3681 0.00 987 0.00 2694 0.00 811.15 13 Cement Nala Bund 2645 0.00 1779 0.00 866 0.00 17190.561

14 Repairing of CNB 864 0.00 264 0.00 600 0.00 276.13 Nala Deepening & 15 2823 0.00 1673 0.00 1150 0.00 3336.01 Training 16 Percolation Tank 6 0.00 6 0.00 0 0.00 160.23 Repairs to 17 424 0.00 197 0.00 227 0.00 697.41 Percolation Tank 18 Ktweir 5 0.00 0 0.00 5 0.00 0.00 19 Repairs to kt weir 263 0.00 109 0.00 154 0.00 394.50 Repairs to Irrigation 20 10 0.00 5 0.00 5 0.00 5.62 Tank 21 Canal Repairing 2 0.00 2 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 22 Irrigation Well 153 0.00 44 0.00 109 0.00 51.99 23 Well Recharge 12299 0.00 4971 0.00 7328 0.00 673.73 24 Borewell Recharge 92 0.00 82 0.00 10 0.00 4.92 25 Recharge Trench 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 26 Recharge Shroft 3687 0.00 547 0.00 3140 0.00 367.61 27 Desilting (Govt.) 1306 0.00 1131 0.00 175 0.00 1396.52

38

Page 258 Annex-VI (2/2)

Total Works Completed Work Ongoing works Sr Expenditure Name of Work No./ Ha. No./ Ha. No./ Ha. No No. Area (Ha.) No. Area (Ha.) No. Area (Ha.) (` in Lakh) 28 Desilting (pp) 1283 37.00 1197 37.00 86 0.00 12992.57 29 Plantation 588 2.10 237 2.10 351 0.00 310.29 30 Nurseries 27 0.00 2 0.00 25 0.00 8.10 31 Drip sets 18437 5547.50 17732 5191.30 705 356.20 4566.10 32 Sprinkler sets 2413 1085.50 2258 957.50 155 128.00 222.70 Strenghtening of 33 Water use cooprative 13 0.00 4 0.00 9 0.00 116.49 Society 34 Ropwan 14 321.00 14 321.00 0 0.00 253.19 35 New distributeries 2 0.00 0 0.00 2 0.00 6.74 36 Undergrounds bunds 17 0.00 16 0.00 1 0.00 14.51 Deepening & 37 Rejunivation of Old 501 0.00 470 0.00 31 0.00 877.03 Nalas 38 Road Side Plantation 69 0.00 23 0.00 46 0.00 152.94

39

39 Soak pits 2833 1.00 2615 0.00 218 1.00 37.98

Repairs to Village 9 0.00 6 0.00 3 0.00 11.09 40 Tanks

41 Tree Protection 8 0.00 0 0.00 8 0.00 35.79 Top Roof Rain Water 3 0.00 0 0.00 3 0.00 0.00 42 Harvesting 43 P.V.C.Pipe Supply 64 0.00 64 0.00 0 0.00 6.45

44 Other 1365 0.00 834 7.20 531 0.00 782.24

Total 72159 281887.94 47727 208909.95 24432 73182.04 64499.53

40

Page 259 Annex-VII

Page 260 Annex-VIII River Basins of Maharashtra

TRANSFER OF WATER GOING WASTE TO SEA TO GODAVARI BASIN

9

Area of surplus 4 water

4

Schematic Diagram showing transfer of water from other basins of Maharashtra to Marathwada Region

Damnganga Tapi basin 3.82 Nar/Par TMC Pinjal

Marathwada Vainganga, Vaitarna Godavari 30 TMC Pranhita, 80 TMC 150 TMC Indravati

Mumbai Krishna basin 25+14 Koyna + TMC Tata

Water Commissioner:To verify feasibility of 150 TMC water

10

Page 261 Status Report in respect of of Vidarbha Region in Maharashtra State facing Acute Shortage of Water

1.0 Background

As per the instructions of CWC, New Delhi conveyed vide Chief Engineer (HRM), New Delhi’s letter No. CE(HRM)/Misc./2016 dated 12.04.2016, to submit a status report on the acute shortage of water being faced in Vidarbha region of Maharashtra, bringing out clearly as to what could be done in this regard. As regards of Vidarbha region of Maharashtra, Divisional Commissioner, Nagpur reported during the meeting with Hon’ble Minister(WR) on 18.04.2016 that drought does not exist in Nagpur Division comprising districts of Nagpur, , , , and and water level in the reservoirs is sufficient to last till onset of monsoon. Regarding Amravati Division of Vidarbha, a team of following officers from CWC, Nagpur led by Chief Engineer, MCO,CWC, Nagpur accompanied with representatives from CGWB, Nagpur visited Amravati and had a detailed discussion in a meeting with the Divisional Commissioner, Amravati on 20.04.2016.

i. Shri Shiv Nandan Kumar, Chief Engineer, MCO, CWC, Nagpur, ii. Shri R.D. Deshpande, Director, Monitoring Directorate, CWC, Nagpur iii. Mrs. M. Swaroopa Rani, Deputy Director CWC, Nagpur

Collectors of all the five districts of Amravati Division viz. Amravati, , Akola, and Buldhana, Chief Engineer, Water Resources Department (WRD), Amravati, Chief Engineer (Specified Projects), WRD, Amravati, Chief Engineer, Maharashtra Jeevan Pradhikaran, Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) of Zila Parishads of all the five districts, officers of from GSDA, Agriculture Department and various other departments were present in the meeting. A representative of Central Ground Water Board (CGWB), Central region, Nagpur was also present in the meeting. Chief Engineer (MCO), CWC, Nagpur.

Discussions for each district was held on the following points:

Page 262 i) Details of various existing sources of water for drinking and other purposes. ii) Short term measures that are being taken up by the various agencies of the Govt. of Maharashtra to tackle the problem. iii) Medium and long term measures to tackle the problem.

2.0 Introduction

Amravati division is one of the six administrative divisions of the State of Maharashtra which is situated in the south east part of the State. Amravati division comprises five districts and is bounded by M.P. State to the north, Nagpur division to the east, Telangana state to south east, Marathwada region () to the south west, Nasik division to the west. The division is of the two divisions of Vidarbha region of Maharashtra state having administrative Hqrs. at Amravati and comprises five districts viz. Amravati, Yavatmal, Akola, Washim and Buldhana. The division is having population, as per census of 2011, of 1.13 crores with geographical area of 46090 Km2. The division roughly corresponds to the former province of Berar.

Amravati Division has a tropical wet and dry climate with hot, dry summers from March to June, the monsoon season from July to October and warm winters from November to March. Amravati is an important educational and tourist centre in Vidarbha region in the State of Maharashtra.

A Map indicating the locations of five districts in the Amravati division is appended herewith as Annexure-I.

3.0 PROBLEM AND CAUSES LEADING TO SUCH SITUATIONS

The main attributes to the acute water shortage and drought in the Amravati division are:

i) Meteorological scarcity (climate change) ii) Hydrological scarcity (deficit rainfall) iii) Agricultural scarcity (reduction in agricultural production).

The average rainfall in the region is 697.33 mm. Further, during 2015 rainfall of 636.14 mm occurred. In rainfall of 571.3 mm which is

Page 263 82% of the average annual rainfall occurred during 2015. In the average annual rainfall is 667 mm whereas during 2015 the rainfall was 578.9 mm which is 85.87% of the average annual rainfall. In the rainfall of 684.7 mm was received which is 76.6% of the average annual rainfall during 2015. Further, it was also reported that the rainfall occurred, during monsoon period of 2015, in about 30% of period of monsoon and the rainfall was erratic and deficit causing drought and acute shortage of water situation in the region.

4.0 Water resources Management challenge

In Amravati region there are 3 major and 38 medium water resources projects. The total number of projects including major, medium, minor and lift irrigation schemes are 383. In addition to this, 191 major, medium and minor and LIS are ongoing, many of which are being utilized for storage of water and other works. The list of completed and ongoing projects in Amravati Division is appended as Annex-II.

There are 2 major and 3 medium projects in . The present live storage available in the major project is 10% whereas in medium project it is 9.79% of the total live storage. In the minor projects, the available live storage is 6.3% of the total live storage. Murtizapur (Tahsil), the major town in the district and other rural areas are fed through water supply scheme on Uma Dam where 2.3 MCM water is available

In Washim district there are 3 medium and 119 minor projects /schemes having present live storage of 15.13 MCM and 11.8 MCM respectively which is 15% and 4.38% of the total live storage of the reservoir. Deep aquifer in the area is basalt.

In Buldana district there are 95 projects having 6.74 MCM water which is 3.75% of the total live storage.

It was informed that, in Yawatmal district there are 103 major and medium completed projects in the district. The total availability of water is 43.43 MCM which is 17.48% of total live storage capacity.

As per the information provided during the meeting, the immediate need of the drinking water is being fulfilled through 148 number of tankers in 147 villages

Page 264 in various districts of the Amravati region. The highest number of tankers has been deployed in Buldana followed by Washim district i.e. 56 and 53 respectively.

493 number of wells (bore / dug wells) in all 427 villages of the five districts of Amravati region has been acquired. The other temporary measures like supplementary repairs of water distribution network, repairs of wells, bore wells, temporary laying of pipeline distribution network, acquisition of private wells etc. are being taken up by various agencies/ departments of Govt. of Maharashtra.

Ground Water Scenario and Plan to Recharge:

Groundwater scenario in the region is also not satisfactory. As per the information provided during the meeting by the Ground Water Survey Development Agency (GSDA) Government of Maharashtra, the ground water level in Akola district in 2016 was 12.55 meters below ground level as against last five years average of 9.62 meters showing a decrease of 3 meters in the ground water level.

It was informed by the representative of GSDA that, 34% area of Akola district is saline belt. 115 recharge shafts for recharging ground water in Akola district has been completed.

. In Washim district The ground water level in January 2016 was 5.3 mtrs below ground level whereas in March 2016 it was 5.79 mtrs. In April the water level observed as 7.55 mtrs below ground level which is declined by 0.28 meters than the last five years average of 7.29 meters.

The GSDA representative informed that in the region of the Buldana district, decline of ground water level was to the tune of 3.85 meters. Moreover, 40% of the area of Buldhana district is saline water. As per the input provided by GSDA ground water level in Yawatmal district in March 2016 was 6.44 mtrs below ground level which is 0.15 mtrs lower than the last five years average of 6.29 mtrs.

As per the report of Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) the negative fluctuation in the water level for the period January 2016 with reference to the decadal mean of Jnauary 2006-2015 was observed to be in the range of 0 to more

Page 265 than 4 m in Amravati region particularly in Amravati, Akola and Buldhana The report of CGWB, Nagpur is appended as Appendix-B,

It was suggested during discussion and also agreed by GSDA representative to incorporate recharge shafts along with each and every structures for storage of water under ‘Jalyukt Shivar Abhiyan’ so that medium and deep aquifer could be recharged.

5.0 Short and Medium Term Measures

Various short and medium term measures are being implemented for tackling the problem of drought and acute shortage of water in the region along with other areas in the State of Maharashtra.

The ‘Jalyukta Shivar Abhiyan’ has been taken up since the end of 2014 for water conservation with target date of completion as 2019 with the following objectives :

i) Water conservation in village periphery/ Shivar itself. ii) Increasing water table and water availability iii) Protective irrigation to crops iv) Increasing water use efficiency v) Creating decentralized water storages structures vi) RRR of the existing water storage structures vii) Desilting viii) Water budgeting i.e. awareness and sensitization

Integrated approach for convergence of all the schemes of various departments of Govt. of Maharashtra has been adopted for extent of village action plan.

The various activities being taken up under ‘Jalyukt Shivar Abhiyan’ comprises:

i) Watershed works ii) Chain Cement concrete Nala Bund with deepening and widening of Nalla iii) Rejuvenation of old structures iv) Repairing of existing minor irrigation structures (KT Weir) v) Repairing, Renovation & Restoration (RRR) of percolation tanks, minor irrigation tanks. vi) Desiltation of percolation tank/village tank/stocking tank/Shivkalin tank/British tank/Nizam tank/Matinala Bund vii) Remedies for potential use of major and medium projects

Page 266 viii) Implementation of Nala/River Connection projects. ix) Well/Bore well recharge x) Efficient use of available water (drip/sprinkler irrigation) xi) Strengthening of drinking water sources xii) Strengthening of water use co-operative societies. xiii) Canal Repairing.

Construction of recharge shaft for increasing yield and sustainability of borewells by infiltration of flow rain water and rooftop water harvesting has also been taken up at a few places.

6.0 Long Term Solutions

The representatives from various agencies/ department of Govt. of Maharashtra advised for completion of the various ongoing projects of Water Resources Department like Jigaon Major Project and Bembla Major Project. It was suggested by GSDA representative to incorporate recharge shafts along with each and every structures for storage of water under ‘Jalyukt Shivar Abhiyan’ so that medium and deep aquifer could be recharged.

The detailed study from the group of experts was advised to take up for remedial measures of the salinity in Buldana and Akoal districts of the region.

7.0 CONCLUSION:

From the discussions during the meeting officers from various departments, agencies of Govt. of Maharashtra, informed that the water requirement of various districts of the Amravati region at present is being fulfilled through tankers, acquisition of wells, and existing water storage bodies and water for irrigation has been reserved for drinking purposes.

It was felt that emphasis should be for completion of the ongoing projects of Water Resources Department. Two projects namely; Bembla and Lower Wardha major irrigation projects are included under Accelerated Irrigation Benefits Program (AIBP) of MoWR, RD,& GR. A detailed study by constituting a team of experts for saline ground water areas of the Akola and Buldana districts may be useful to overcome the problem in the area, which may in long term be helpful in reducing the water scarcity for drinking and domestic purposes in the region.

Page 267

Page 268 Ground Water Scenario of Marathwada Region, Maharashtra

1 Introduction

The Marathwada Region has come to the fore front due to acute water scarcity and an agrarian crisis due to the third consecutive year of low rainfall. The present status report is based on the regular monitoring work done by CGWB in the area and findings of the previous studies. 1.1 Location and Extent

The Marathwada Region occupies the south central part of Maharashtra state. It lies between 17°-38’ N and 20°-40 N latitudes and 74°-34’ E and 78°22’ E longitudes. The Region is bounded by the , Buldhana and Akola districts on the north, by the and district on the west, the on the south and Telangana State on the east. The Marathwada Region occupies an area of about 64,950 sq. km and has a population of 1,87,31,872 (2011 census). The index map of the Marathwada Region in state and in the country is given in Figure 1. 1.2 Administrative Divisions

The Marathwada region is administratively divided into two divisions i.e. Aurangabad and Nanded divisions. Within these divisions there are 8 districts namely Aurangabad, Nanded, Latur, Parbhani, Jalna, Beed, Hingoli, Osmanabad. All the districts except Aurangabad are rural districts in Marathwada Region. The Region has 76 talukas and 57 cities /towns. There are 8514 villages, and 218 un-habited villages in the Region (Figure 1).

FIG- 1: INDEX MAP OF MARATHWADA REGION

Page 269 1.3 Physiography and Drainage

The Marathwada region is traversed by three major hill ranges namely the Ajantha, Balaghat and Satmala ranges. The Ajantha hills runs through Aurangabad and Parbhani districts. The Balaghat range passes through Beed, Osmanabad and Latur districts and the Satmala ranges runs through Nanded district. The Godavri is the most important river flowing through the Marahwada and it traverses Aurangabad, Jalna, Beed, Parbhani and Nanded districts of the region. The Purna and the Manjra are the biggest tributaries of Godavari. The important tributaries of Godavari in Latur and Osmanabad districts are the Manjra, Terna, Tawarja and Gharni. The Sindaphana, Bendsura and the Wan are the important tributaries of Beed and Aurangabad districts. The Penganga, Purna and Dhudana flow through the Parbhani district. The Godavari, Penganga, Saraswati, Manar, and Lendi drain the Nanded district. A very small part of Beed and Osmanabad district fall under the Krishna basin. Thus another important river in the Marahwada Region is the Bhima which is the tributary of Krishna. The southern and western parts of Beed and Omarabad districts are drained by the Bhima system viz; Sina and Man river.

1.4 Rainfall

The Marathwada Region receives its rainfall mainly during the south-west monsoon season (June to September) and receives almost 87% of the annual rainfall during the monsoon season. The average annual rainfall over the region varies from 710 mm to 920 mm and the occurrence of rainfall increases from west (Aurangabad) to east (Nanded). The normal isohyetal map is shown in Fig 2 and it is observed that major part of Marathwada region is drought-prone. Based on the negative departure of rainfall from the normal, it is reveals that the probability of occurrence of moderate drought varies from 14 to 20 % and severe drought is 2 to 5 % in Marathwada region. The map of Rainfall Departures from Normal Rainfall during Southwest Monsoon of 2015 are depicted in Fig.3. It clearly indicates that the rainfall had been deficient in entire Marathwada Region except Aurangabad district during the year ranging from 29% at Jalna to 52% at Beed.

Page 270

Fig 2: ISOHYETAL map of Marathwada

Fig.3: RAINFALL Departures from Normal Rainfall during Southwest Monsoon 2015 (June to September) …. Source IMD, Mumbai

Page 271 2 Geology: Almost the entire area of Marathwada region is occupied by basaltic lava flows and is referred to as Deccan Traps. They have a general tendency to form flat-topped hills giving rise to plateaus, comprising of several flows, each flow ranging in thickness from 10 to 50 meters. The stacking of these flows one over the other give rise to step-like appearance to these exposures. Each lava flow has two units namely the lower massive unit and the upper vesicular unit. The various flows are separated by the presence of bole beds or inter- trappean beds. A small outcrop of granites and gneissic formations occur in the eastern and SE parts of the Region especially in the Nanded district (Fig 4).

FIG 4 HYDROGEOLOGY OF MARATHWADA REGION

3 Hydrogeology Deccan Trap Basalt belonging to upper Cretaceous to lower Eocene age occupy the major part of the Marathwada region where the ground water potential is not uniformly distributed due to inherent heterogeneity of the formation. Ground water in Deccan Trap Basalt occurs mostly in the upper weathered and fractured parts down to 20-25 m depth. At places potential zones are encountered at deeper levels in the fractures and inter-flow zones. The upper weathered and fractured parts form phreatic aquifer and ground water occurs under water table (unconfined) conditions. At deeper levels, the ground water occurs under semi-confined conditions. The yield of dug wells in this region generally

Page 272 ranges between 35 and 220 m3/day, whereas, deeper aquifers are poorly yielding and the yield upto 3 lps. Besides this, the alluvium of recent age occur along the river courses of Godavari, Shiv, Purna, Manjra, Gharni, Terna, Tawarja, Purna, Girija, Sina etc. The width of alluvium ranges from few 100 m to 5 kms depending upon physiography of the area and its thickness limited to 15 to 30 m only. However at places it form potential aquifer when granular zones occurs itself in sufficient thickness. The yield of dug wells in alluvium is reported between 25 and 350 m3/day. 3.1 Depth to Water Levels

CGWB regularly monitors ground water levels in the region four times in a year during May, August, November and January through its network of about 300 Ground Water Monitoring Wells (GWMW). The water levels recorded during January 2016, ranging from 0.10 (Todkalas) to 45.62 m bgl (Nagalgaon). In major part of the region, the water levels are observed in the range of 5 to 10 m bgl. Moderately deeper water levels in the range of 10 and 20 m. bgl are also observed in major parts of Aurangabad, Latur, Parbhani and Osmanabad districts (Fig 5).

FIG 5 - DEPTH TO WATER LEVEL DURING JANUARY 2016 The water level fluctuation map for the period January 2016 with reference to the decadal mean of January 2006-2015 is presented in Fig. 6. The map reflects the drought situation clearly and almost entire Marathwada is showing negative fluctuations in the range of 0 to more than 4 m. In major part of the region fall of 2 to 4 m is observed

Page 273 followed by fall in the range of 0 to 2 m. Accentuated fall of more than 4 m is also observed particularly in Aurnagabad, Latur, Osmanbad and Parbhani districts.

FIG 6 - WATER LEVEL FLUCTUATION IN JANUARY 2016 WRT DECADAL MEAN OF JANUARY 2006-2015

3.2 Long Term Trend of Water Levels

In order to assess the long term behaviour of water levels with respect to ground water resource development, Long term trend of water levels for pre-monsoon and post- monsoon periods (Fig 7 & 8) for the last ten years (2006-15) have been computed. A perusal of pre-monsoon trend map shows that there is a mixed scenario of rise and fall upto 0.20 m/year. However, the post-monsoon trend map shows that there is a marginal fall upto 0.20 m/year in almost the entire area of the Region indicating the over exploitation of ground water reservoir mostly for irrigation as it is most dependable source of water supply in the area.

Page 274

FIG 7- PRE MONSOON TREND OF WATER LEVELS (2006-15)

FIG 8- POST MONSOON TREND OF WATER LEVELS (2006-15)

Page 275 4 ACTION TAKEN IN MARATHWADA INCLUDING

4.1 Action Taken by CGWB

4.1.1 Handing Over of Exploratory wells drilled in Marathwada Region In Marathwada Region, a total of 334 exploratory wells have been drilled by CGWB, out of which 225 wells have been successful and handed over to the State Govt. from time to time for water supply.

Status of EW drilled and Handed Over in Marathwada

District No. of EW No. of wells No. of drilled drilled under successful NAQUIM EW handed over to State Govt. Aurangabad 78 9 46 Beed 51 - 37 Jalna 39 9 9 Latur 48 11 43 Nanded 37 - 35 Osmanabad 51 - 42 Parbhani & Hingoli 30 - 22 Total 334 29 225

4.1.2 Additional Area taken up under NAQUIM in Marathwada Region during 12th plan During the 12th plan (2012-17), CGWB has taken up an area of 6809 sq.km covering semi-critical and water stressed blocks for Aquifer Mapping (NAQUIM) and suggesting management plans in Marathwada region of Maharashtra State. Under the studies, Latur taluka & Ausa taluka of Latur District; Bhokardhan taluka, ; Sillod & Soygaon talukas of Aurangabad District; Osmanabad taluka in Osmanabad district have been taken up and are under various stages of completion. In view of three consecutive deficient rainfall years (2012-15), CGWB has extended the activities under NAQUIM in three more talukas of Latur district viz., Renapur, Chakur and Nilanga having a total area of 2291 sq.km in addition to the various activities proposed earlier. Thus, total area of about 9101 sq. km. as detailed below is proposed to be covered under NAQUIM in various parts of Marathwada on war footing.

Page 276 NAQUIM area undertaken in Marathwada Region during 12th plan S. No. DISTRICT TALUKA Area (sq.km)

1. AURANGABAD SILLOD (Safe) 1284.14 2. AURANGABAD SOEGAON (Safe) 741.69 3. JALNA BHOKARDAN (Safe) 1273.00 4. LATUR Ausa 1213.67 5. LATUR Chakur 520.21 6. LATUR LATUR (SemiCritical) 970.71 7. LATUR Nilanga 1255.58 8. LATUR Renapur 516.22 9. OSMANABAD OSMANABAD (Safe) 1325.86

10. Total 9101

Page 277 Ground Water Scenario of Vidarbha Region, Maharashtra

1 Introduction The Vidarbha Region occupies the eastern part of Maharashtra state. It lies between N. latitudes 18°40'48”: 21°46'15”, and E. longitudes 75°55'33”: 80°55'00”. It is bound on the north by Madhya Pradesh, south-east and south by Andhra Pradesh, south-west and west by the other region of Maharashtra state. The Vidarbha Region occupies an area of about 97,680 sq. km and is the third largest region in Maharashtra in this respect. For administrative purposes, the Vidarbha Region is divided into 11 districts, which are grouped into two divisions’ namely Amravati and Nagpur. These 11 districts are Nagpur, Gondia, Bhandara, Gadchiroli, Chandrapur, Wardha, Amravati, Yavatmal, Akola, Washim and Buldhana districts. The Region has 120 talukas and 107 cities /towns, out of which 72 cities have population more than 100, 000. There are 15893 villages, and 2200 un-habited villages in the Region. The population of the Vidarbha Region is 2,33,94,463 (23.39 million).

Figure 1: Location

Page 278 2 Rainfall Vidarbha Region receives its rainfall mainly during the south-west monsoon season (June to September) and receives almost 87% of the annual rainfall during the monsoon season. The average annual rainfall varies from 700 mm to 1500 mm. Rainfall increases from west to east, i.e., in the direction of and attains a maximum of 1400 mm. Thus, the western part of the region is the area of the lowest rainfall. The number of annual rainy days in the region range from 45.1 to 64.0.

The map of Rainfall Departures from Normal Rainfall during Southwest Monsoon of 2015 are depicted in Fig.3. It clearly indicates that the rainfall had been normal in entire Vidarbha Region except Gadchiroli, Yavatmal and Washim districts during the year. However, its temporal distribution has been erratic casusing agrarian crisis.

Fig.3: Rainfall Departure from Normal Rainfall during Southwest Monsoon 2015 (June to September) - Source IMD, Mumbai

Page 279 3 Hydrogeology The distribution of aquifer system is broadly governed by the geological frameworks of the area i.e. nature of geological formation, including their porosity (Primary and Secondary) and permeability. The geological formation in the region ranges in age from Archaean to Recent and major part of the Region is underlain by the Deccan basalts of Eocene to Cretaceous age. Approximately 50% of the Region is covered by the Deccan basalts where as the rest of the region is covered by Quaternary alluvium, Gondwanas, Cuddapahs, Vindhyans, Dharwars and Achaeans’. Major aquifer system of the region is shown in fig 3.

Figure 3: Major Aquifer Systems 4 Water Level Scenario CGWB regularly monitors ground water levels in the region four times in a year during May, August, November and January through its network of about 651 Ground Water Monitoring Wells (GWMW). The water levels recorded during January 2016, ranging from 0.68 (Khat, ) to 35.00 m bgl (Chikhli, Buldhana District). In major part of the region, the water levels are observed in the range of 5 to 10 m bgl. Moderately deeper water levels in the range of 10 and 20 m. bgl are observed in major parts of Akola, Amravati and Buldhana districts occupied by Purna Alluvial Formation (Fig 5). The water level fluctuation map for the period January 2016 with reference to the decadal mean of January 2006-2015 is presented in Fig. 6. The rise in water levels have been observes in major part of Vidarbha, particularly so in eastern Vidarbha. The negative fluctuations in the range of 0 to more than 4 m are observed mainly in the western Vidarbha particularly in Amravati, Akola, and Buldhana districts. These are the areas where drought situation have been observed to some extent

Page 280 as the fall in water levels are restricted upto 2 m.

Fig 5 - Depth to Water Level during January 2016

Fig 6 - Water Level Fluctuation in January 2016 wrt Decadal Mean of January 2006-2015

Page 281 5 ACTION TAKEN IN VIDARBHA REGION

5.1 Action Taken by CGWB

5.1.1 Handing Over of Exploratory wells drilled in Vidarbha Region In Vidarbha Region, a total of 571 exploratory wells have been drilled by CGWB, out of which 437 wells have been successful and handed over to the State Govt. from time to time for water supply. In addition to these, so far 35 wells have been drilled under NAQUIM during the 12th Plan. Status of EW drilled and Handed Over in Vidarbha Region District No .of EW No. of wells No. of wells drilled handed over drilled under to State Govt. NAQUIM Total

Akola & Washim 92 68 01 Amravati 102 72 09 Bhandara & 33 30 Gondia Buldhana 59 35 09 Chandrapur 62 58 Gadchiroli 07 07 Nagpur 103 83 11 Wardha 41 35 Yavatmal 72 49 05 Total 571 437 35

5.1.2 Area taken up under NAQUIM in Vidarbha Region during 12th plan During the 12th plan (2012-17), CGWB has taken up an area of 15978 sq.km covering over- exploited, critical, semi-critical and water stressed blocks for Aquifer Mapping (NAQUIM) and suggesting management plans in Vidarbha region of Maharashtra State. Under the studies, data generation activities have been taken up and are under various stages of completion. NAQUIM area undertaken in Vidarbha Region during 12th plan S. No. AKOLA AKOLA (Safe) Area (sq.km) 1. AKOLA AKOT (Safe) 1036.68 2. AKOLA BALAPUR (Safe) 812.84 3. AKOLA Barshi Takli 688.32 4. AKOLA MURTIJAPUR (Safe) 763.80 5. AKOLA Patur 789.43 6. AKOLA TELHARA (Safe) 701.18 7. AMRAVATI 628.32 (SemiCritical) 8. AMRAVATI AMRAVATI (Safe) 638.12

Page 282 S. No. AKOLA AKOLA (Safe) Area (sq.km) 9. AMRAVATI ANJANGAON SURJI 896.44 (safe) 10. AMRAVATI BHATKULI (safe) 520.89 11. AMRAVATI CHANDURBAZAR (OE) 579.91 12. AMRAVATI (OE) 695.00 13. AMRAVATI (OE) 776.89 14. AMRAVATI (OE) 809 15. BULDANA JALGAON () (OE) 745 16. BULDANA Malkapur 617.76 17. BULDANA MOTALA (SemiCritical) 444.20 18. BULDANA (Safe) 743.56 19. BULDANA SANGRAMPUR (Safe) 536.25 20. BULDANA SHEGAON (Safe) 575.21 21. NAGPUR KATOL (Safe) 509.79 22. NAGPUR 734.63 Total 15977.85

5.1.3 Demonstrative rain water harvesting and artificial recharge projects CGWB has implemented 4 demonstrative rain water harvesting and artificial recharge projects in Vidarbha during VIII plan, IXth plan and XI plan periods. The objective of implementation of these projects was to ascertain the efficacy and efficiency of various artificial recharge structures in different hydrogeological conditions and also to replicate the same in similar hydrogeological environment. Status of Central Sector Schemes implemented in Vidarbha Region District Name of proposal/ DPR Tentative Year of No of structures indicating area cost of completion completed proposal of project Amravati Artificial recharge to ground 71.81 lakhs 1998 3 percolation tanks,10 water in Orange growing areas cement plugs & 5 of watershed WR-2,Warud underground bandhara taluka, Nagpur Impact assessment of Rooftop 0.54 lakhs 2001 RTRWH on 2 building rainwater harvesting at information technology building of Kavikulguru Institute of technology & science campus, Ramtek, district Nagpur Amravati Impact assessment of Rofftop 0.80 lakhs 2002 RTRWH on 4 building rainwater harvesting at Panchayat Samiti Office Premises, Warud, district Amravati

Page 283 Nagpur Project Proposal on Artificial Rs. 15.15 2012 49 water conservation Recharge to Ground Water and lakhs & artificial recharge Water conservation Measures structures in Rajbhawan Premises, Nagpur

Page 284