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History the Banat Region As Reflected in the Mirror Of HISTORY THE BANAT REGION AS REFLECTED IN THE MIRROR OF THE CHANGING ECCLESIASTIC NETWORK Beatrix Romhányi Abstract. The research of the Banat region known in the history of medieval Hungary as Temesköz is difficult because its medieval charters, settlement network and architectural memories have largely disappeared, and post-Ottoman settlements have covered the previous layers not only physically, but in terms of historical memory as well. In addition, the storms of the twentieth century did not favour the research of this region. Some of the medieval and modern events in the region’s history also suggest that some of its parts have been difficult to populate at times. The present paper aims at contributing to detect the development of the region by examining a relatively well-known data group, the network of the church institutions. Based on the analysis of the monastic and parish networks, the inhabited areas of the Banat changed several times during the Middle Ages. Only the coastal strip of the Mureş/Maros, parts of the transport corridor between Arad and Haram and the narrower area of the Tisza and Danube were inhabited permanently. The western part of the region had a much weaker population than the east, and the southwestern part between the Tisza and Deliblato Sands was almost uninhabited. Based on the evolution of the monastic network, the sustaining capacity of the area reached its peak twice during the Middle Ages: first just before the Mongol invasion and secondly around 1400. Compared to the monastic network of other regions of the country, the number of monasteries was clearly lower than the national average. It could never reach the proportion of fourteenth-century parishes, even in pre-Ottoman peacetime periods. The reason for this can be found in economic factors related to the natural environment. DESIGNATING THE ARCHDEACONS OF HUNEDOARA IN THE FIRST PART OF THE 16TH CENTURY. A CASE-STUDY Mihai Kovács Abstract. This paper aims to discuss the motives behind the dismissal and resettlement of Wolfgang Buzlai as archdeacon of Hunedoara, starting from a document issued in 1519 by the bishop of Transylvania, Franciscus Várdai. The initial dismissal of Buzlai was immediately followed by the appointment of the famous humanist Stephanus Taurinus. Thus, the question arises, whether the appointment of Stephanus Taurinus should be seen as part of a conscious effort to establish a humanist circle in Alba Iulia. THEOLOGICAL OPTIONS AND POLITICAL LIKES IN TRANSYLVANIA IN THE 16TH CENTURY: THE CASE OF ANTITRINITARIANS Edit Szegedi Abstract. The paper deals with the relation between religion and politics in the case of the Transylvanian Antitrinitarians. The main issue of the paper is: Did the Antitrinitarian theology affect in any way the policy of Transylvania? This question is answered in two steps: the role of Antitrinitarianism in the consolidation of the new state and the political allegiances of important personalities of the Antitrinitarian movement and nobility. HIGH DIGNITY AND PROPERTY IN THE 16th–17th CENTURIES IN THE BANAT - “THE NOBLES GÂRLEȘTEANU OF RUDĂRIA’S WEALTH” Ligia Boldea Abstract. The Gârleștenis of Rudăria made a special figure among the Romanian noble families in the medieval and pre-modern Banat due to their almost permanent connection to the local centers of power. During one century and a half, from the end of the 15th century up to 1658, 7 members of the family hold some of the highest dignities in the Banat of Severin, and the Banat of Caransebeș and Lugoj after: bans of Severin, vice-counts/ castellans in the county of Severin, and prime-judges (mayors) in Caransebeș. It is but an interesting model of social ascension and perpetuation of the political influence based both on a series of remarkable personalities in the family, and the weal they inherited or provided by exerting their functions in the course of time. The present study follows the history of the family during the Principality of Transylvania age, by dwelling on the aspects of male and female right of succession, legacies or transactions the members of that family operated, or the inherent litigates before the courts of that time. The study comes as a necessary completion of my previous studies on that so influent family in the Banat, in the days of yore. THREE SLAV-ROMANIAN CHARTERS IN BUDAPEST ARCHIVES CONCERNING THE HISTORY OF WALLACHIA Petronel Zahariuc Abstract. There are still unpublished papers written in the Slav language within the National Archives of Hungary in Budapest, concerning the history of Wallachia and Moldavia. Some time ago dr. Adrian Magina (Museum of the Mountainous Banat) discovered three Slav papers in Sólyom Fekete Ferenc Collection in the Magyar National Archives (Magyar Nemzeti Levéltár Oszágos Levéltára), and kindly put them at my disposal. All my gratitude here inserted too. Two of those papers belong to the 16th century (May 26, 1571, and June 4, 1592), and the other one to the 17th century (May 31, 1620), emitted in Bucharest and Târgoviște: all of them cast light both upon the history of some localities in Wallachia, still existing (Bujoreni, Vâlcea County), or lost (Orbi, Gorj County) and the history of some families of boyards (Olănescu), and the general history of Wallachia through completing and improving our knowledge on some of the 16th century’s voievodes (Alexandru II Mircea, Ștefan Surdul) and the 17th (Gavril Movilă). BIOGRAPHICAL SEQUENCES OF NOBLES FLORE IN THE 16TH–17TH CENTURIES Dragoș Lucian Țigău Abstract. The family of Flore is documentary attested in 1528. The preserved documents do not allow us to reconstitute a coherent and complete genealogy, but come with information on anthroponyms, the way they were related to other families, their fortune and functions in the course of time. The existence of the eight individuals is unequally put in light by papers and their relationship is rarely specified. The family lived and integrated in a preponderant Romanian milieu. The family’s real patrimony consists in shares of villages, houses, and mills in the district and town of Caransebeș. The family got gold of those share through matrimonial alliances (wives’ dowry) or by holding them as security. The Flores and the strong family of Fiath of Armeniș were co-owners in 10-15 villages, a reason of lots of conflicts concerning the papers and right of owning. The family was deprived of the possession in the Banat in 1658 with the Ottoman conquest. The family’s members’ access to local dignities confirms the social ascension of the family: castellan of the district of Caransebeș and mayor of the homonymous town. The series of testimonies concerning the family of Flore’s presence in the Banat ends in 1700. DOCUMENTS REGARDING TIMIŞ COUNTY AT THE END OF 16TH CENTURY- EARLY 17TH CENTURY Adrian Magina Abstract. At the end of the 16th century, in the context of the Long War between the Ottomans and Habsburgs, the territory of Timiş County (nowadays Banat) was the subject of disputes between Christian and Turkish troops. The Transylvanian armies occupied a number of territories on the Mureş valley and nearby Timişoara, areas where nobles from the Principality received various donations. The territorial impact of Christian recoveries can be noticed by following these donations of Transylvanian princes. The Mureş Valley, a strategic route for the Transylvanian Principality, was almost entirely recovered. Although Timişoara could not be conquered, the Transylvanians imposed themselves on the west, south and north of the city by occupying some villages only a few kilometres from the city gates. The documents published in this study offer us the opportunity to investigate the social, military, political and economical framework of the province between Mureş, Danube and Tisza Rivers in the early modern times. FORTUNA BREVIS: DESTINIES AND WARRANTIES IN 1674 IN SATU MARE COUNTY Livia Magina, Florin Nicolae Ardelean Abstract. This article is built around the analysis of a document, Conscriptio bonorum in comitatu Sathmari annis 1670, 71, 72, 73, 74 confiscatorum, which contains detailed information on the confiscated proprieties of various noble families from Satu-Mare County. It is an interesting and valuable historical sources that reflects the events that followed the signing of the peace treaty of Vasvár in 1664, between the Habsburgs and the Ottomans. The rebellion of the Hungarian nobility, supported to a certain extent by the ruling prince of Transylvania, led to a series of repressive measures taken by Habsburg authorities, including confiscation of land proprieties. This document shows the extent of this repressive measures in the particular case of Satu-Mare County, bringing thus valuable information on the economic, social and political history of Transylvania and Royal Hungary in the second half of the 17th century. “PROVINZIALNACHRICHTEN” – A JOURNAL FROM VIENNA ON HOREA’S UPRISING (1784-1785) Costin Feneșan Abstract. The outbreak of the Romanian uprising in Transylvania in the late autumn of 1784 caused, as might be expected, the interest of the press in the Habsburg Empire as well as abroad. Aside the officious “Wiener Zeitung” published since 1704, the journals from Pressburg/Bratislava (“Pressburger Zeitung”, “Presspurské Nowiny” and “A Magyar Hirmondó”) but especially the “Siebenbürger Zeitung”, issued in Hermannstadt/Sibiu since January 1, 1784, in the neighborhood of the uprisings scene, were the main sources of news for readers in and outside the Habsburg State. Being under a strict surveillance by the state authorities, even though the censorship was officially abolished in 1781, these journals offered only dry reports on the ongoing uprising, without any free expression of their opinions, except “A Magyar Hirmondó”, imbued by an open sympathy towards the Hungarian nobility and a large disregard towards the Romanian population. At the same time, the readers in Vienna had the opportunity to find various reports on the Romanian uprising in the issues of “Provinzialnachrichten”, a journal with two weekly editions (Wednesday and Saturday) published from July 2, 1782 to June 27, 1789 by the official Courtprinter and editor Johann Thomas Edler von Trattner.
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