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Challenges in Management of Aflatoxins and Ochratoxin a in Contaminated Raw Materials Esther García Cela

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Challenges in Management of Aflatoxins and Ochratoxin a in Contaminated Raw Materials Esther García Cela Nom/Logotip de la Universitat on s’ha llegit la tesi Challenges in management of aflatoxins and ochratoxin A in contaminated raw materials Esther García Cela Dipòsit Legal: L.145-2015 http://hdl.handle.net/10803/285374 ADVERTIMENT. L'accés als continguts d'aquesta tesi doctoral i la seva utilització ha de respectar els drets de la persona autora. Pot ser utilitzada per a consulta o estudi personal, així com en activitats o materials d'investigació i docència en els termes establerts a l'art. 32 del Text Refós de la Llei de Propietat Intel·lectual (RDL 1/1996). Per altres utilitzacions es requereix l'autorització prèvia i expressa de la persona autora. En qualsevol cas, en la utilització dels seus continguts caldrà indicar de forma clara el nom i cognoms de la persona autora i el títol de la tesi doctoral. No s'autoritza la seva reproducció o altres formes d'explotació efectuades amb finalitats de lucre ni la seva comunicació pública des d'un lloc aliè al servei TDX. Tampoc s'autoritza la presentació del seu contingut en una finestra o marc aliè a TDX (framing). Aquesta reserva de drets afecta tant als continguts de la tesi com als seus resums i índexs. ADVERTENCIA. El acceso a los contenidos de esta tesis doctoral y su utilización debe respetar los derechos de la persona autora. Puede ser utilizada para consulta o estudio personal, así como en actividades o materiales de investigación y docencia en los términos establecidos en el art. 32 del Texto Refundido de la Ley de Propiedad Intelectual (RDL 1/1996). Para otros usos se requiere la autorización previa y expresa de la persona autora. En cualquier caso, en la utilización de sus contenidos se deberá indicar de forma clara el nombre y apellidos de la persona autora y el título de la tesis doctoral. No se autoriza su reproducción u otras formas de explotación efectuadas con fines lucrativos ni su comunicación pública desde un sitio ajeno al servicio TDR. Tampoco se autoriza la presentación de su contenido en una ventana o marco ajeno a TDR (framing). Esta reserva de derechos afecta tanto al contenido de la tesis como a sus resúmenes e índices. WARNING. Access to the contents of this doctoral thesis and its use must respect the rights of the author. It can be used for reference or private study, as well as research and learning activities or materials in the terms established by the 32nd article of the Spanish Consolidated Copyright Act (RDL 1/1996). Express and previous authorization of the author is required for any other uses. In any case, when using its content, full name of the author and title of the thesis must be clearly indicated. Reproduction or other forms of for profit use or public communication from outside TDX service is not allowed. Presentation of its content in a window or frame external to TDX (framing) is not authorized either. These rights affect both the content of the thesis and its abstracts and indexes. Challenges in Management of Aflatoxins and Ochratoxin A in Contaminated Raw Materials Esther García-Cela Doctoral Thesis Thesis supervisors Antonio J. Ramos Girona, PhD. Sonia Marín Sillué, PhD. Dep. Tecnologia d’Aliments Universitat de Lleida Lleida 2014 Thesis submitted by Esther García-Cela to fulfil the requeriments of the degree of Doctor. Thesis Reviewers Armando Venâncio, PhD. Universidade do Minho, Braga (Portugal). Andrea Patriarca, PhD. Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires (Argentina) Dissertation Committee Armando Venâncio, PhD. Universidade do Minho, Braga (Portugal) Agustín Ariño, PhD. Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza (Spain) Inmaculada Viñas, PhD. Universitat de Lleida, Lleida (Spain). Doctoral defense in Lleida, September 2014 PAGINA EN BLANCO Articles presented in this document are indexed in the following journals: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY FOOD CONTROL JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE PAGIINA EN BLANCO This research work was carried out in the Applied Mycology Unit of the Food Technology Department of the University of Lleida, Spain. This work was supported by the Spanish Government (project AGL2010-22182-C04-04), the BASELINE European project 22738, and the Mycored KBBE-2007-2-5-05 European project (222690). The candidate to the degree of Doctor was financially supported in the first five months by a pre-doctoral grant of the University of Lleida, and the following three years by a pre- doctoral grant of the Agència de Gestiò d`Ajuts Universitaris de Recerca, funded by the Commisionat per a Universitats I Recerca del Departament d`Innovació, Universitats i Empresa of the Generalitat de Catalunya (Spain) and the European Social Fund. A Predoctoral collaborating residence was carried out at Istituto di Entomologia e Patologia Vegetale of the Universitá Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza (Italy) under the title Evaluation of atoxigenic isolates of Aspergillus flavus as a potencial biological control agents (2012). Agradecimientos AGRADECIMIENTOS Es para mí un enorme placer el poder agradecer con todo mi corazón la ayuda prestada por todas las personas que, de alguna u otra forma, han colaborado para que este trabajo vea hoy la luz. Es por esto que quisiera agradecer el apoyo y los conocimientos transmitidos por mis tutores, el Dr. Antonio Ramos y la Dra. Sonia Marín, gracias por darme la oportunidad de trabajar con vosotros, y por dejarme empaparme de vuestros conocimientos. No cabe decir que he aprendido muchísimo durante estos años en el grupo, y que, junto al Dr. Vicent Sanchis, habéis logrado dejar impronta en una de los periodos más importantes de mi vida profesional. Gracias también al resto de personal del departamento, profesores y técnicos por haber compartido el día a día en las instalaciones y los equipos……. Especialmente a Jordi por las bonitas jornadas de vendimia que hemos pasado juntos. Grazie alla professoressa Paola Battilani e al dottor Antonio Mauro, per la loro disponibilità e per aver permesso una proficua collaborazione tra le nostre università. Saluto con particolare affetto la mia amica Elisa e la sua famiglia, che mi hanno accolto come una di loro. Con grande affetto, saluto anche tutto il personale dell'Istituto di Patologia Vegetale: Simone, Giuseppe, Irene, Paola, Sara, Tito, Rosella, Giorgio, Marco, Giogio, e il professor Rossi, con i quali ho condiviso parte del mio soggiorno nella fredda, ma carina, città di Piacenza Obrigada ao prof. Doutor Armando Venâncio pela correção do documento final da Tese e por todas as suas contribuições para melhorar-lo. Muchas gracias también, a la Dra. Andrea Patriaraca por su contribución en el documento final y por sus consejos desde el incio de esta tesis. I also want to express my gratitude to the editors of the journals and specially the anonymous reviewers of the published articles of this work as well as to the external reviewers of the final document. Thank you for sharing your knowledge and giving suggestions to improve the manuscripts. Thanks also to the authors who answered my e-mails, from article requests to specific questions on their works. It was cheerful to experience such collaboration. Agradecimientos A los compañeros de la sala de becarios, con los que compartí horas de trabajo, stress y risas, y el intercambio de información multidisciplinario: gracias por ayudarme con vuestro conocimiento y puntos de vista diferentes! Agradezco en especial la compañía de mi familia mejicana, la cual no deja de crecer jejeje… Rogelio, Janet, Cyndia, Ines, Guillermo...al pequeño Dami que siempre hizo de nuestra sala un lugar acogedor con sus preciosos dibujos. A Paola, por compartir su particular forma de ver la vida, por su ilusión y por enseñarnos a todos que querer es poder y que todas las metas son alcanzables. A Maria, por su hombro para apoyarme siempre que fuera necesario, por las buenas horas dentro y fuera de la escuela, creo que nunca podre olvidar al moreno y al poni trotador, también a Rubén por compartir mi particular humor…. A Alejandra, por el coffee time, la sopa de caracol y por intentar mostrarme el lado bueno de las cosas. Aquellos que me han sufrido como asesora y con los que también he aprendido: Monica, Aleix, los Hector…Aquellos con los que he compartido laboratorio Amani, Abdelali, Andrea, Daiana…Buff, Marta, cuantas horas… por estar siempre, siempre ahí dispuestas a ayudar, por tus buenos consejos, por las visitas de los viernes,…A la ultima incorporación Irene animo que tu vales mucho!! En general a todos los compañeros del piso de abajo, por toda la ayuda en la etapa final de la tesis. Por la ayuda técnica, el conocimiento, por mostrarme otra forma de pensar. Y por supuesto, gracias a todas las personas que, sin estar relacionadas con el departamento, han sido también una parte importante de mi etapa en Lleida. A mi familia que aunque estemos lejos, siempre están presentes, mamá, Carolina, Rebeca, y mis sobrinitas Raquel y Eva por regalarme momentos mágicos y conseguir que me olvide de todo. Aunque pudiera parecer poco lógico, deseo también mostrar mi agradecimiento a todas aquellas personas que me lo han puesto difícil, y que en más de una ocasión han sido una traba a la hora de alcanzar los retos y los objetivos marcados, ya que gracias a ellos he conseguido la tenacidad, la voluntad y la perserverancia necesarias para poder llevar a buen puerto los experimentos y lograr alcanzar mis objetivos. Sobretodo, agradecerle a Nano su GRAAAANNNNNN PACIENCIA desde aquel día que nos conocimos, no solamente con la tesis, sino con todas mis locuras y caprichos. Por su apoyo incondicional, por abonarse a raynair, por comprender mis defectos, por compartir ii Agradecimientos mis fracasos, por celebrar mis logros, por ayudarme a mejorar a cada paso…..por ser el mejor compañero.
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