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The Use of Fire in Forest Restoration

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The Use of Fire in Forest Restoration United States Department fl of Agriculture The Use of Fire in Forest Service lntermountaln Research Station Forest Restoration General Technical Report INT-GTR-341 June 1996 This file was created by scanning the printed publication. Errors identified by the software have been corrected; however, some errors may remain. tem restoration in forest ecosystems of the Northwestern United States. While we have reviewed and edited these Early in 1995, the organizers of the 1995 Annual papers for technical content and conformity to the ses- Meeting of the Society for Ecological Restoration (SER) sion theme, peer review has been the responsibility of the provided us an opportunity to sponsor a general techni- authors. Opinions expressed are those of the respective cal session dedicated to the role of fire in ecological authors and are not necessarily the opinions of the restoration. The SER organizers also allowed us to editors, or of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. independently develop and publish the session proceed- ings. The SER theme for this annual meeting was "Tak- ing a Broader View," evoking exploration of a broader Acknowledgments range of strategies to meet the challenges of ecological restoration. We viewed this as a unique opportunity to We are indebted to the Society for Ecological Restora- bring together the latest knowledge of fire as both a tion (Madison, WI) for sponsorshipof the general technical disturbance and restoration agent and to present it to a sessions at the 1995 Annual Meeting. The conference diverse audience of natural resource scientists, profes- organizers were committed to, and highly supportive of, sionals, and managers. our desire to organize, hold, and publish the proceedings Our general technical session, "The Use of Fire in from a relatively independent technical session. We are Forest Restoration," included 24 papers that are pre- particularly grateful to Karrie Simic of the University of sented here in three sections: Assessing Needs for Fire Washington Engineering Professional Programs staff, in Restoration; Restoration of Fire in Inland Forests; and Claramarie Moss Kidd of Moss Environmental, and Tim Restoration in Pacific Westside Forests. In addition, White from CH2M HILL. Ourthanks to Dr. David Peterson, Stephen F. Arno provides an introduction addressing the University of Washington College of Forest Resources, impetus for both this technical session and this docu- who graciously moderated a portion of the session with ment, and R. Gordon "Gordie" Schmidt's epilogue chal- very short notice. Out extensive edits and revisions on lenges us to consider how we can assure that the effects some of these papers have been reviewed and key- of fire are replicated in ecosystems in a way that is socially boarded by Helen Smith, lntermountain Fire Sciences and environmentally successful. Laboratory. We are fortunate and grateful for her atten- This document is a synthesis of knowledge and appli- tion to detail and organization. Lastly, thanks to all of the cations of fire as an agent of both disturbance and ecosys- authors for their willingness to participate and work within our expectations and time schedules. Table of Conversions Parameter Multiply this unit By this factor To obtain this unit Biomass megagrams per hectare (mgha) 0.4461 tons per acre (tonlacre) loading tons per acre (tonlacre) 2.241 7 megagrams per hectare (mg~ha) Basal area square feet per acre (ft2/acre) square meter per hectare (ft2/ha) square meter per hectare (m2/ha) square feet per acre (m2/acre) Mass tons pounds pounds tons Length micrometers (pm) inches (in) inches (in) micrometers (pm) meters (m) feet (ft) feet (ft) meters (m) Area hectares (ha) acres (acre) acres (acres) hectares (ha) The use of trade of firm names in this publication is for reader information and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture of any product or service. lntermountain Research Station 324 25th Street Ogden, UT 84401 The Use of Fire in Forest Restoration A General Session at the Annual Meeting of the Society for Ecological Restoration Seattle, WA, September 14-1 6,1995 Editors: Colin C. Hardy, Supervisory Research Forester, lntermountain Research Station, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, located at the lntermountain Fire Sciences Laboratory, Missoula, MT. Stephen F. Arno, Research Forester, lntermountain Research Station, Forest Service, US. Department of Agriculture, located at the lntermountain Fire Sciences Laboratory, Missoula, MT. Contents Page Introduction .........................................................................................................................................................................1 ........ Stephen F. Arno The seminal importance of fire in ecosystem management-impetus for this publication ................ 3 Assessing Needs for Fire in Restoration .......................................................................................................................... 7 ........I Robert W. Mutch Restoring fire to ecosystems: methods vary with land management goals ....................................... 9 Wayne A. Cook James K. Agee Fire regimes and approaches for determining fire history .............................................................. 12 Robert E. Keane Coarse-scale restoration planning and design in Interior Columbia River Basin James P. Menakis ecosystems: an example for restoring declining whitebark pine forests ..................................... 14 Wendel J. Hann Ann E. Camp Dynamically incorporating late-successional forest in sustainable landscapes ............................... 20 I Paul F. Hessburg Richard L. Everett Roger D. Ottmar Smoke considerations for using fire in maintaining healthy forest ecosystems ............................... 24 Mark D. Schaaf Ernesto Alvarado David J. Parsons Restoration of fire in National Parks ............................................................................................. 29 Stephen J. Botti Sarah E. Greene The role of fire in Research Natural Areas in the Northern Rockies Angela Evenden and Pacific Northwest ................................................................................................................ 32 Restoration of Fire in Inland Forests .............................................................................................................................. 35 ..... Stephen F. Arno The concept: restoring ecological structure and process in ponderosa pine forests .............................................................................................................................. 37 Carl E. Fiedler Silvicultural applications: restoring ecological structure and process in ponderosa pine forests ......................................................................................................39 Michael G. Harrington Prescribed fire applications: restoring ecological structure and process in ponderosa pine forests ........................................................................................................ 41 Matthew K. Arno Reestablishing fire-adapted communities to riparian forests in the ponderosa pine zone .............. 42 Joe Scott Restoring recreational and residential forests ................................................................................ 44 Michael Hartwell Determination of fire-initiated landscape patterns: restoring fire Paul Alaback mosaics on the landscape ......................................................................................................46 Cathy Stewart Restoring historic landscape patterns through management: restoring fire mosaics on the landscape ........................................................................................................................ 49 Robert E. Keane Whitebark pine ecosystem restoration in western Montana ............................................................ 51 Stephen F. Arno Laurie L. Kurth Examples of fire restoration in Glacier National Park .................................................................... 54 Leslie A. C. Weldon Dealing with public concerns in restoring fire to the forest .............................................................. 56 Restoration in Pacific Westside Forests ...................................................................................................................... 59 ........ J. E. Means Fire history and landscape restoration in Douglas-fir ecosystems J. H. Cissel of western Oregon ................................................................................................................. 61 F. J. Swanson Joe Means Forests of the Oregon Coast Range-considerations for ecological I Tom Spies restoration ................................................................................................................................... 68 Shu-huei Chen Jane Kertis Pete Teensma James K. Agee Fire in restoration of Oregon white oak woodlands .......................................................................72 Thomas Atzet Fire regimes and restoration needs in southwestern O~egon..................................................... 74 T. J. Leuschen Restoring fire to mixed conifer forests in the Northern Cascades ..................................................77 Larry A. Vanderlinden Applying stand replacement prescribed fire in Alaska ..................................................................... 78 Peter D. Teensma Integrating fire management into land management planning
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