The Bhutan Monthly News, Views and Reviews (( VOL 2 No. 4 April 1994 Rs.5/- ) TALKS POSTPONED RAPHEL VISITS REFUGEE CAMPS FOREIGN SECRETARY The third round of Nepal-BhUlan TRANSFERRED The post of Foreign Secretary now talks scheduled to take place in lies vacant with the transfer of Kathmandu on 28-31 March has Tshewang 1.R i.J.in to the Ministty of been postponed. The decision 10 Health and Education on March 2.5 . !hi! effect was taken on March 21 The Royal Government also an when the Bhulanese side requested nounced the placement and uarufer that the talks be. put off on account of four other senior officials. Deputy afthe demise of the maternal Royal Minister Lelci Dorji has been moved Grandmother Rani Chuni Dorji. The -Joint Committee will now meet in from Agriculture 10 Communica· tion while former ambassadors, also Kathmandu from 4.7 April. of Deputy Minister rank. Karma RANI CHUNI PASSFS AWAY Letho and Paljor Dorji have been Rani Chuni Dorji. mother of Her placed in the Royal Advisory Coun Majesty the Queen Mother Asru cil and Environment Secretariat re Kcsang Wangchuck passed away in spe;tively. Dr, Kinzang Dorji, the Kalimpong, a hill-statior. in West Joint Secretary of the Research, Bengal. India, on S.lmday. March ElItension and Irrigation Division in 26. The Bhutan Review offers theMiniSlryof Agriculrurehas been prayers for the peace of the de promoted to the rank of Secretary in parted soul. the same Ministry. Rani Chun; visited Bhutan The uansfer o f Rixin. a popu only infrequently, spending most of Ms Raphel and Tahir Ali with HUROB Acting Chairman 01 Be/dang; lar individual who has spent his en· her life in Kalimpong from where tire career in the Fore,ign Ministry, the Oorji family practically ruled The Uniled SUItes Assistant Secre Ms Raphel brieOy insllUted AJ, a result of her personal to the less glamorous pust has not southern Bhutan until the 19605. laryof State for South Alian Affairs the camps and talked to repruentR interaction with the refugees, Ms come as a surprise. 1lle first sign She is survived by two daughters. Ms Robin Raphel, who was on an tives of refugees. She said that she Raphel IOld the reporters that "the that his time in the wilderness had HM !.he Queen Mother and her elder official visit 10 the KingdomofNepaI could clearl~ see th~t the refugees refugees have no desire 10 stay begun wa:o recently in evidence when sister Tashi Dorji and two sons, from 26 - 30 ~ch 1994, visited had nodesire 10 remain in the ",amps there." P.lilssing on 11 suong message Rillin was byplllsed while Jigmi Uaen DOlji and U\entlup DQI'ji. The Beldangi refugee camps on March and wished 10 rerum hom(' She to all parties concerned, " I hope Thinb.y and Khandu Wangchuk, eldest son Jigmi Palden Dorji, 28. Speaking to refugees in Beldangi admired the "courage "and ebility" somecOf\CTeteprogress will bem8de both many years his junior, were Bhulan's only formal Prime Minis I, Ms. Raphel ellpressed satisfaction of Bhutanese refugees and hoped in thecategoriz.ati()n and sysl.tmatic appointed as Deputy Ministers. The ter, was assassinated in 1964. with the efforts of His Majesty's that "justice can be done" &/Id that repauiadon of the refugeCJ during freshhwniliationconfmnsthewOlsl. Daughter of lhe Chogya] GoverrunentofNepal, UNHCR and people could end Iheir lives as rdu· talks between Nepal and Bhutan," Since his estrangement from the (King) o f Sikkim, Sir Tuhi the voluntary agencies and thanked g~s soon and begin life all over she said. monltch's elder .isler HRH Ashi Namgyel, Rani Chuni was born in them "for what is clearly a very again. The visit to theTefugeecamps Sonam Chhoden Wangchuck. this Gangtok, Sikkimaround 1895.She impressive operation." She said that Talking to the media at the by the head of the newly created was always on the cards. Royal dis ma.rried Raja S.T .Dor ji, son of Kazi the United SUItes is urging both Nepal Tribhuwan International Airport Bureau of South Asian Affairs in pleasure is reporled 10 have been Ugyen Dorji who was instrumental and Bhulan 10 come up with "con prior to her departure from Nepal, the SUIte Department is significant further inflamed when Ri.J.in's late in ensuring British help for Sir Ugen crete ways for repauiation to begin." Ms Raphel said that she had raised since the Uniled SUItes of America father, Lyonpo Sangye Penjor, ten Wangchuck thus enabling him to Ms Raphel was accompanied the issue of Bhutanese refugees in is the single largest donor for the dered his resignation. crown himself as the fItsthereditary by Michael Malinowski, Charge Nepal with the Indian Government Bhutanese refugee welfare and re. With anoverabundl!llce of Sec:ret.ar· King of Bhutan in 1907. In ex d'Affaires of the U.S.Embassy in offlCia\s: who in turn informed her lief programme. The visit has al ies in the Health and Education Min· change, the Dorji family, which had Kathmandu, Chakra Prasad Ba.!ilola, of their inability to do anything ready raised optimism in different istry, three as against none in most other Ministries, no one will be un· migrated to Kalimpong from Haain Royal Nepalese Ambassador to because of the open border between circles. "As a key policy-maker for duly surprised when the royal western Bhutan in the 18705, also Bhutan, JamesSmith, Resident Rep India and Bhutan. Having facili South Asia, we, III careful observ brother-in·law from Ihe Health Di acquired hereditary claims to a post resentativeofthe World Bank, Tahir Ulted the ellodus of Bhutanese refu ers, feel Raphe]'s visit will ]Xlsi vision is commanded to take up the equivalent to that of Prime Minister Ali, Resident Representative of the g~s to Nepal since they have come lively affecl the resolution of Ihe nowvacanlcovetedpost. Fornmately until the assassination of ligmi Dorji UNHCR in Kathmandu and other through India, the Government o f Bhutanese refugee problem," said for thelauer, while he too mly have and consequent "conspiracy" in officials. India was reluctant to take on any T ahir Ali, the Representative of been estranged from another prin. 1966 involving lJIendup Dorji. On arrival, the delegation was responsibility in the matter, she fur UNHCR in Nepal. cess, he has four of his own sisters briefed on the refugee camp situa ther stated. manied 10 the monarch to serve as a tion by Pashupati Karmacharya, wide safety neL 811l T A\ESE PR08LE\l1\ THE 'EPAUSE P.ARLlA \lE\T DepUly Direc tor, OMiU, His HMG, UNIICR AGREEMENT Majesty's Government of Nepal. CUlling across party lines and ideological differences, representativc:s o f UNHCR and His Majesty's Oov Jock M. Baker, Head of UNHCR various political panies in the Nepalcse Parliament on March 20 ellpressed ernment of Nepal signed an agree Sub-Office in Jhapa, highlighted the concerns about the slow progress in the bilateral talks with Bhutan and ment on running a project for the relief activities carried out by vari demanded that they be informed about the latest position with regard to the management of BhuWlese refugees ous agencies and lwala Prasad repau;ation o f Bhutanese refugees to their homeland. l{es]Xlnding to Ihe queries, Prime Minister Girija Prasad Koirala in Nepal. Signed on March ) 4 by Regmi, Head Master of Panchawati informed the House that considerable progrcss had been made in the matter Srikant Regmi, Joint Secretary in High School in Be Idangi camp spoke ofBhutanc.se refugees in Nepal. Despite the doubts ellpresscd by Bhutan in the Minisuy of Home Affairs on on behalf of the refugees. the initial stages regarding the identity of the refugees, the Bhutanese behalf of HMOI Nepal and Tahir The Human Rights Organiza 00 Goverrunent has now come 10 the negotiating table 10 discuss the problem. Ali, RepresenUltive of UNHCR in tionofBhutan(HUROB) in its He also slated thlt progress has been made in providing legitimacy 10 the 1989. Nepal, the agreement provides for 1993 Annual Report had ap identity of Bhutanese refugees in Nepal. On February 22, coinciding an assistance amounting toRs 10.801 pealed for pressure to be ap TIle Prime Minister added, however, that since the rcplluilltion of with the 400the birth anniversary of million from UN HCR to HMOI plied on the Royal Government refugees 10 their homeland is not an issue of unilateral concem, and since it Shabdrung Ngwawang NllIngyel. Nepal for running the project. involves several sensitive and complicated aspects, it is taking time to of Bhutan regarding the where UNHCR has also provided two com Sharma was released after spending resolve the problem. Informing lhe House that the Government's d iplomatic abouts and physical condition puters and a photocopying machine over 4 years in prison. He was among efforts arecenl1ed in the direclion of repauiating the Bhutanese refugees to ofDeo DuuaSharma, a student to the National Refugee Coordina the twenty three "~ti-national de Bhutan wilh dignity and respect, the Prime Minister expressed the hope that activist who had been abducted tion Unit in t.he Minisuy of Home tainees" amnestied without being Bhutan will also understand the importance of the issue and help create a by government agents from on uial. congenial atmosphere in finding a solution to the problem. Affairs as irutitutional support. April 1994 T he B hu tan Rtview Page Two The NEED FOR NON-VIO L ENCE Bhutan REVIEW -H H The Da lai Lama I ANOTHER CHANCE T he emergence of lion-violent billion people on this planet actu However, it is difficult to IS 'people-power' movements have in ally commit acts of violence, but sess such matters with a degree of Coming in lhe wake of visit by the Kathmandu and New Delhi-based why does it continue all the same? accuracy, War is violence and vio diplomatic corp to the Bhutanese refugee camps in southeastern Nepal disputably shown that the human race last month, the tour of the Beldangi camps in Jhapa by the U.$". ean neither loleratenor function prop Most of us have been condi· lence is unpredictable. Therefore it Assistant Se.... .,-etary of State for South Asian Affairs is further testi erly under tyranny. The recognition tioned to regard military combat as is far better 10 avoid it altogether. if mony of the international community's sympathy for Bhutanese refu of this tnJth represents remarkable exciting and glamorous - an oppor possible, and never to presume that gees and concemoverthe political situation in Bhutan. The visit by Ms progress. tunit y for men to prove their compe we know from beforehand whether .' Raphel, the highest level official from we C li nton administration to LOve and compassion have tence and courage. Since armies are the outcome of a particular war w ill visit Nepal, has W'lderstandablyraised hopes among refugees and well been omitted from too many spheres legal, we feel that war is acceptable; be beneficial or not. wishers. of social interaction for too long. in general, nobody feels that war, or I have heard the occasional Although Bhutan and the United States do not have diplomatic Usually confmed to the fanlily and even the acceptance of it, is crimi Westerner maintain that long-term relations, American concern over the crisis in southern Bhutan is not home, their practice in public life is nal. We have been brainwashed. By GandhianstnJgglesemployingnon new. In addition to making substantial contributions for the welfare or considered impractical, even naive .. their very design, military estab violent passive resistance do not Bhutanese refugees, the U.S. has not missed out on opportunities to let This is tragic. The practice of lishments are the sing le greatest vio suit everybody, and such courses of it be known to Bhutan that the problem should be speedily resolved. It compassion, far from being a symp latorsofhuman rights - and not only action are more natural in the East. may be recalled that the 1993 COUnlry report on human rights practices tom of being unrealistic, is the most in war time, Once an army has be Because Westerners are QC in the Kingdom had dearly indicted the Bhutanese regime for grave effecti ve way to pur.;ue the best inter come powerful, there is every like .tive, they tend to seek immediate human rights violations. More significantly, by censuring Bhutan for eSls of others as well as ourselves. lihood that it will destroy its own results in all situations, even at the the (orced eviction of legitimate citizens, the United States Govern The more we - as 11. nation. country's happiness. COS I of their lives. This approach is ment, like all other governments, has acknowledged the 00110 fides of 0111- No matter how malevolent or not always beneficial. The practice refugees in the Nepalese refugee camps, a point that Thimphu contin group or individuals - depend on ues to foolishly argue and belabour over. The State Department's ers, the more il is inour best interests evil the many mW"derous dictators of non-violence clearly benefits all decision to useMs Raphel 's trip to Nepal to make what is unmistakably to ensure their well being. who currently oppress their nations of us. a political statement o!, the Bhutanese issue must be seen in this As recenlly as the fifties and and cause international pr
search for a lasting solution. In fact, reliable sources indicate that this TilE BOS'l'QN CLoBE • SATU IIDAY .SEM'EMBER 18.1\193 time, too, a postponement was already on the cards once Ms Rapher~ visit to Nepal was finalized to coincide with the bilaterallaiks. In the erod, the sad demiSS! of Rani Chuni Dorji in Kalimpong provided r Thimphu with the excuse at the last minute to avoid the discomfort of sharing the stage with the U_S_ Assistant Secretary of State. It shoul.i .be amply clear to Thimphu that the issue of Bhutanese in exile will not simply vanish; that thanks to the goodwill and SymP.1thy of the international community legitimate citizen! unlaw fully evicted from their homes will nOI perish in the wilderness. It should also be equally clear 10 the regime that prolonging the problem will not be in\he long-term interest of the country. With the passage of tin~e, di scontent• in the Kingdom can only grow. nl.ere are,.already visible signs that unrest is on the rise, and that the country is coming face to face with difficult situations. The arrests of a large number of dissidcnts In Ihe east and wesl"and the prQblelll of 'intrusion from across the border as Lhendup Dorji, a ernmenlS lo enable India 10 have bener understanding of these organization employing rigid dis Jayan border States - Sikkim brother of the Queen of Bhutan. troops in Bhutan to defend the small States and a morerealislic ciplinary methods could govern and Bhutan. The occasion is The ensuing feud between fromier. altitude towards people who are human society, but peoples' innate Foreign Minister Swaran theruling Wangchuk family and Only an Indian Military still reluctant to get out of their desire for freedom a1Jd democracy Singh's forthcoming visit la the clan ofDorjis has not healed. Mission has been trying to trans- shell and face lhe tasks of mod- was in constant conflict with that Bhutan to confer with the King. Relations have got worse be system. Today il is c1e8I whil:h 1lJe immediate need, say tween the two clans. And it is TheSikkimese have let Indian troops palrollhe fronllers and, in general, idea has won." political observers in thccapi tal, Bhutan's misfortune that the have proved more reilable friends Ihan others In the Himalayan region, His Holioess The Dalal Lama is to haveareassessmenl of New Dorjis are considered to be bet "As a key policy. maker for South Delhi's altitude towards the two ter educated and more progres Asi a, we, as careful observers, feel proteclOrdlCS. And, if a painful sive than we others. form what is basically a bow em age. They should be per Raphel's visit will positively af reapPnl.isal is required, it should Some of the leading mem and-arrow army into a modem suaded rather than pushed into fect the resolution of the Bhulanese not be delayed any further. bers of the Dorji clan have ac fighting force. The Bhutancsc the harsh sunlight of border re refugee problem." Tahlr All, UNHCR Represenbl cused the ruling fanlily to be soldier is reputed to be better alities. live In Nepal The lOP Buddhl sI priests who help living under "the spell of New than many, a superb fighting the King rule Bhutan are 001 terri· Delhi ." man. But the resources of the bly keen on reforms, for under· In this delicate and embar country are too meagre to enable MEDIA SCAN standable reasons. rassingsituation the Indian Gov the border Kingdom to have an 11 11 ernment can only hasten slowly adequate defence force. -These observers make me in the matter of persuading the Al ready, India is assisting From the Archh'es ... Lessons from the Past? point that for too long India's Buddhist kingdom in Paro to the development of Bhutan and Among the visitors who flew in to Katlunandu for King Mahcndra's policies towards the Himalayan introduce reforms, give a more 5 ikkim, conslCUeting new roads, Coronation last week were 3 sturdy men wearing swords, embroidered knee· States has been left to "chance" democratic form of government building airfields and supplying length felt boots and striped wrap· around coats. llIey were from the tiny and now 10 the overall lhr<:310f to the people, build roads, hospi teachers and technicians. 18,000 sq. miles Bhut an, a state perched in the Himalayas bCtween India. Chi ncsctfoopSs ilting ac ross lhe tals, schools and , in geneml, open But a more pragmatic and Sikkim and Ti bet. Although King Mahendra's close neighbours, they had border. up the country at least to the realistic :Ipprooch is needed to travelI'd eight days on foot and by pony to India and then by plane to Nepal. The fi rst job is to sec if wc neighbouring Slates. build a heal th y relationship w ilh In the 201h centuly only 20 foreigners (not including Tibetans and can haveadi plomalic mission in The top Buddhist priests Bhutan, whoscpcoplearekn ow n Nepalese) have visited the big, rambling mountain· fOOL at Punakha that Bhutan - a sort of listening who help the King rule Bhutan to be naturally sUspicious of for serves as Bhutan's capi tal. So rugged are Bhutan's passes and so fornlidable post. The Bhutancsc in the past, arc not terribly keen on refonns, eigners. This suspicion and fear ils mountains Ihat the Indian Government's Political Agent makes the lJ'ip 10 under that shrewd diplomat, the for understandable reasons. Nor must be removed and soon. Punakha only once every three years. [n Bhutan there is nOI a single wheel late Prime Minister Jigme Dorji, .ire they keen that foreign ex A new bridge of under form o{transport - no bullock carts, not even a bicycle. Everything in Bhutan expresSed reluctance to let New perts should live in Bhutan to standing is also needed to be is carried along bridle paths by mules. Bhutan ha.~ no electricity. No roads. Delhi have a separate mission educate their people, train their built with Sik.kim, whose Maha no factories, only clusters of farmhouses sunounded by rice and wheat for Bhutan. technicians and give them the raja is a sincere friend of India. fields . When 1J'0uble occurs in some corner oflhe Kingdom. it may take two [n thceyesoflhe Bhulanese modem amenities of life. The case of Sikkim is on an months (in time of floods, six months) for the news to reach theGovemment. Durbar, an Indian "presence" in Visitors to Bhutan have emirely different footing. And i f "Call Me Mister": What gives Bhutan real distinction is the fact thal Paro would show to the outside found the people indifferent to the Chogyal wants a revision of it is a country without any army -. at the moment. The Head of the world, especiall y the Chinese, ' politics. They want to be left the I ndo-S ikkimese Treaty, New GovenUllent is youthful (27 years) Druk Gyalpo ligme Wangchuck, whose that probably the Bhulanesc arc alone to the enjoyment of their Delhi can probably afford to be name means the Dragon King. Up to six months ago he ruled Bhutan being "governed" by the Indi simple tribal life. They do not generous. (popJOO,OOO) with the aid of a council of eight members plus 125 civ il ans. want to be encumbered with the Reports from Gangtok servants and a handful of palace guards. Among the Dragon Kin g's closest responsibilities of modern life. stress that the Sikkimese are advisers is bespectacled, English-speaking Ji gmi Dorje, 37, one of the CLAN FEUD But with the Kingdom present beginning to "resem" what ap delegates visiting Nepal. Altooughhe is the Kin g's brother-in· law, he has no The over-sensitive ing itself as a siuing duck to pears to them as a strong innu· title. "Just call me mister," he IOld the TimeConespondent. Tim Greenfield, Bhutanesc have not been too Chinese troops across the thin ence of New Delhi in their Gov in Ncpal last week. Elder statesman Jigmi told a san SIOry of modem happy about the I ndo-BhUlancsc border all this might change one emmenL influence overtaking tiny Bhutan. Treaty, under which India is day. Shortly before the Chinese communists seized Tibet. the Bhutan looking after the external inter Anew bridge 01 understanding is also Government closed its nortllern borders. But having no army or fron tiel ests of the Himalayan State. MA1NTASK needed 10 be built wHh Sikkim, whose guards. til e Bhutanese were unable to prevem a number of Tibetans from During his years as Prime And it is here that New Maharaja Is a sincere friend 01 India. crossing into Bhutan. Many of these uninvited visitors turned out to be Minister, ligme Dorji sought to Delhi faces an even more impor Chinese in Tibetan clothin g. On the other side of the mountains, Red China raise this issuea numberoftimes tant task. REL..IAUL.E FRIENDS is building a road towards Bhutan. To strengthen his Government. the King and, in effect, wanted to sign a The task is to convince the But, in common with In· reccntly set up a Central Advisory Council composed of elders elected by new pact with India. Bhutanesc that the threat from dia, Sikkim too faces the Chi tiny villages. E"plained Ji gmi: "Wc have begun 10 sow a few seeds of Finally, Bhutan became a Peking ex ists. And that, just as nese peril across the Chumbi Democracy." member of the Colombo Plan, the Chinese overran the Bud valley. llIe Sikkimese have let The Museum Piece: Atlhe same time. he justified Bhutan '5 contin· and BhUlanesc delegates began dhists or Tibet. they would not Indian troops patrol the fron ti ers mxl isolalion. "Almost 98% ofBhutancse have their own farms. I fweopened visi ti ng London and other Euro hesitate to conquer the Hima and, in general, have proved out thecoumry 10 foreign aid now, India and perhaps Red China would rush pean capitals. layan States if it suits their ends. morcreliable fri ends than others in, ovclwhelm us and reducc our people to a servant class ...... 111en came th e assassina In point of fact, Indiadoes in th e Himalayan region. TIME, Ne w York, May 14, 1956 tion of Mr.Dorji and the plot to not have a salisfaclOry defence So more shrewdness, a 11 is evidenl from Ihe slory which appeared nearly 38 years ago Ihal cerlain oust King Wangehu k himself. treaty with the Bhutanese Gov- little more generosity and more phrases and senlimenls have a long history of U.Jage in Bhu/anese diplo· imagination is needed to sustain macy: Ihe cliche of "modern" influence expressed on the righl occasions old relationships. was apparenlly expected 10 allraCI allenlioll and sympathy lhen as IM in this delicate and embarrassing situation the Indian Govern It is necessary, say experts regime hopes it will loday; Ihe "seeds of Democracy" may have been ment can only hasten slowly In the matter 01 persuading the on Sikkim , that the Maharaja trampled upon or otherwise had nQ.~cope/or germinntion. butlhe govern· Buddhist kingdom in Para to Introduce reform s, give a more should be encouruged to discuss men! propaganda mtu:hinery conlinues 10 loul IM alleged unique and democratic form of government to the people, build roads, hosp i his rc..1.l problems with New Delhi distinctive Bhulmlese "Democracy" within an absolute monarchy: and tals, schools and, in general, open up the country at least to the and not merely minor irritants. "rushing, overwhelmillg alld reducing" are lerms and convenienl percep· lions Ihat CO/il inue tofind Iheir place in various arg unumt sa/I he government neighbouring States, In olJler words, experts on . only the come.rlllmy WIry . The B hutan Review NFILTRATION OF NON-NATIONAL
A pan of a government notification IageI5, Ihe government paid Bodo with regard to infiltration of non· tribals across the border to raid, nationals was quoted in the March intimid.te and terrorize elhnic· t{(J'{i:.L GOV: ~H! !:L.!TT C,.F il.-iiJl' .. / issueoftheTheBhulolIRevLLw. The Nepalese in southern Bhutan. As ... .:.u:~G.':! 1." A!,;:1LI , •..! H. , r LCs. 1 full circular, No.S ardzong/Adm/38/ added incentive. Bodos were per· :!!..~ . IG I U!l!!.~~ 93-94/1930 dated February 16, is· mitted to openly cUI)' away goods sued by Ihe D%OfIgdog (district ad· left behind by neeing BhuWlese. ministrator) of Sarbhang district is This arrangement served its pur. reproduced alongside. pose as thousands were forcibly In brief, the notice expresses evicted or forced 10 needuring 1991 concern over Ihe "increasing infil IIJId 1992. With Ihe objectives hav tration of non·nationals" which has ing been attained, Ihe government is occurred "over the IlISt three years faced with a problem as il tries to (;vo;:,( !..ne l :::l !\t rhr"".et years or 90. wu haw all notleal! an or so." The "consequence of this break off this unholy marriage . incrca'31ny infiltr.o.tion of llon- naclclLal !rC-:"I.l ,~:::r.{) '~ ~ the br;>c ",r innux of undcsirable people" has used to easy pickings II1ld enwur into t'1l! towns ,. vi llages and even in r.hCl r estrictei..l .,Ct:!os o( (1Ur. "added a new dimension" to the aged by the cooperative and "pas !.o~ong .< '1 ag . 'nle consequence: of thi!! influx of u rld~.)irab l~ p (t(lplc "prolonged law and order problem" sive" regime, the: tribals who have aUl,f3! U hO!l a n ew dirr.ension to our prolong::!d law llnct or(j(!r p r(1~lc'11 and has "promoted several menaccs boldly settled down inside the coun· i!::l x.b.1.s .ha:) pr(l!loted :i(~veral ;;1~l1aneos ~:.nc. l\:'Il::lw,[ ul Ilc t.lvit! ~:; and unlawful activities." On "care try and continue with their lawless such as rO!J .... eric9. thcft$ "mu plundering of our natural r C":o:.tCC'.'!~l to Cl Ccn$i d~ r .;.J b l~ ext.ant.. ful observation and analysis" it has aClivilies, naturally refuse to leave. been learnl that the intrusion has The notification begins by Cn C'.1 r c
Pubhshed by the Human Rtghts OrganizatIOn of Bhutan (110000) P.O. Box 172, Lahtpur, Nepal. Tel. 522768/5250<161110 Laoudara.Chirang, Bhutan!