DOCSLIB.ORG

Anzac Day 2016

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Anzac Day 2016 RESEARCH PAPER SERIES, 2015-16 UPDATED 15 APRIL 2016 Anzac Day 2016 David Watt Foreign Affairs, Defence and Security Section This ‘Anzac Day Kit’ has been compiled over a number of years by various staff members of the Parliamentary Library, and is updated annually. In particular the Library would like to acknowledge the work of John Moremon and Laura Rayner, both of whom contributed significantly to the original text and structure of the Kit. Nathan Church contributed significantly to the 2016 edition of this publication. Contents Introduction ................................................................................................ 4 What is this kit? .................................................................................................. 4 Section 1: Speeches ..................................................................................... 4 Recent Anzac Day speeches ............................................................................... 4 90th anniversary of the Anzac landings—25 April 2005 .................................... 4 Tomb of the Unknown Soldier............................................................................ 5 Ataturk’s words of comfort ................................................................................ 5 Section 2: The relevance of Anzac ................................................................ 5 Anzac—legal protection ..................................................................................... 5 The history of Anzac Day .................................................................................... 5 Is it Anzac Day or ANZAC Day? ........................................................................... 6 Traditions and rituals of Anzac Day .................................................................... 6 The dawn service .............................................................................................. 7 History of the ‘gunfire breakfast’, held after the dawn service on Anzac Day . 7 Anzac Day march .............................................................................................. 7 Follow-on and Two-up...................................................................................... 8 Wearing medals ................................................................................................ 8 Wearing rosemary ............................................................................................ 8 “...a deadly and often doubtful struggle” PARLIAMEN T, WAR AND EMPIRE 1914-1918 ISSN 2203-5249 Laying a wreath or flowers ............................................................................... 8 The Ode ............................................................................................................ 9 The Last Post..................................................................................................... 9 The Anzac Biscuit .............................................................................................. 9 The meaning of Anzac ...................................................................................... 9 Poetry ............................................................................................................. 11 Section 3: Gallipoli ......................................................................................11 Gallipoli: what happened on 25 April 1915? .................................................... 11 The plan .......................................................................................................... 11 The wrong beach? .......................................................................................... 13 A long and terrible day ................................................................................... 14 Chronology of significant events during the remainder of the year .............. 15 Gallipoli: frequently asked questions ............................................................... 18 Why did the Anzacs land at Gallipoli? ............................................................ 18 Who was first ashore? .................................................................................... 18 How many Australians died on the first day?................................................. 18 When did the Gallipoli campaign end? .......................................................... 18 What other nationalities were at Gallipoli? ................................................... 18 Where else at Gallipoli did the Anzacs serve? ................................................ 18 Were the British really ‘drinking tea’? ............................................................ 18 Why wasn’t Simpson decorated? ................................................................... 18 How many Australians died at Gallipoli? ........................................................ 20 The campaign ................................................................................................... 20 First-hand accounts of the Gallipoli Campaign ................................................. 20 Gallipoli—legend versus reality ........................................................................ 22 Gallipoli—military resources ............................................................................ 23 Gallipoli—biographies ...................................................................................... 23 Gallipoli—geography, then and now ................................................................ 23 Section 4: The Western Front ...................................................................... 24 The AIF on the Western Front .......................................................................... 24 1916 .................................................................................................................. 24 Battles ............................................................................................................. 25 Fromelles ...................................................................................................... 25 Pozieres ........................................................................................................ 27 Mouquet Farm ............................................................................................. 28 1917 .................................................................................................................. 28 Battles ............................................................................................................. 29 Bullecourt ..................................................................................................... 29 Passchendaele (Third Ypres) ........................................................................ 30 1918 .................................................................................................................. 31 Battles ............................................................................................................. 31 Villers-Bretonneux........................................................................................ 31 Anzac Day 2016 2 Hamel ........................................................................................................... 32 Amiens—the Third Battle of the Somme ..................................................... 33 Mont St Quentin ........................................................................................... 33 Hindenburg Line ........................................................................................... 34 Indigenous AIF personnel during the First World War ................................... 35 People ............................................................................................................. 36 Section 5: Remembering and honouring: memorials and heritage ................ 36 Centenary of Anzac........................................................................................... 36 Ballot .............................................................................................................. 36 Links to sites with details of commemorative ceremonies ............................ 37 Remembrance Day ........................................................................................... 38 The Simpson Prize ............................................................................................ 38 War memorials and cemeteries overseas ........................................................ 38 War memorials in Australia .............................................................................. 39 Gallipoli websites............................................................................................ 40 Western Front ................................................................................................ 40 Remains of war dead ...................................................................................... 40 Section 6: Anniversaries .............................................................................. 40 1916 Anzac Day commemorations ................................................................... 40 AIF personnel serving in Egypt ....................................................................... 41 AIF personnel serving on the Western Front ................................................. 41 Newspaper articles describing the 1916 anniversary of the Anzac landings ... 41 New South Wales ..........................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • From the Archives
    FROM THE ARCHIVES ANZAC DAY, LONE PINE AND PAST GRAMMARIANS One year from the centenary of the landing at Anzac Cove on 25 April, 1915 much is being written about the importance of the landing and its influence on Australian culture and history. Opinions are divided on the issue but one thing that is certain is that many young Australians gave their lives for what was, in the long run, a futile military exercise. Six young men associated with the Grammar School were to die on the Gallipoli Peninsula and it is important that their sacrifice, as with others, be remembered. D.N.MacGregor [25 April], J.F.Walsh [28 April] and H.D.Foot [1 May] were all killed within six days of the conflict breaking out. A.M.Foot , brother of H.D.Foot was killed on 22 November. This From the Archives, however would like to concentrate on two Past Grammarians in J.I.Smith [8 August, 1915] and H.W.Tillidge [7 August, 1915] who were killed during the battle now known as the Battle of Lone Pine. The battle was fought from 6-10 August on a heavily fortified plateau of the Gallipoli Peninsula, upon which stood a solitary lone pine. It was from this pine tree that the legend of the Battle of Lone Pine is derived. There are various stories of the origin in Australia of the lone pine but it seems certain that Private Thomas McDowell and Lance-Corporal Benjamin Smith were the two soldiers who brought back to Australia a pine cone from where the pine tree had stood before the battle.
    [Show full text]
  • Major General James Harold CANNAN CB, CMG, DSO, VD
    Major General James Harold CANNAN CB, CMG, DSO, VD [1882 – 1976] Major General Cannan is distinguished by his service in the Militia, as a senior officer in World War 1 and as the Australian Army’s Quartermaster General in World War 2. Major General James Harold Cannan, CB, CMG, DSO, VD (29 August 1882 – 23 May 1976) was a Queenslander by birth and a long-term member of the United Service Club. He rose to brigadier general in the Great War and served as the Australian Army’s Quartermaster General during the Second World War after which it was said that his contribution to the defence of Australia was immense; his responsibility for supply, transport and works, a giant-sized burden; his acknowledgement—nil. We thank the History Interest Group and other volunteers who have researched and prepared these Notes. The series will be progressively expanded and developed. They are intended as casual reading for the benefit of Members, who are encouraged to advise of any inaccuracies in the material. Please do not reproduce them or distribute them outside of the Club membership. File: HIG/Biographies/Cannan Page 1 Cannan was appointed Commanding Officer of the 15th Battalion in 1914 and landed with it at ANZAC Cove on the evening of 25 April 1915. The 15th Infantry Battalion later defended Quinn's Post, one of the most exposed parts of the Anzac perimeter, with Cannan as post commander. On the Western Front, Cannan was CO of 15th Battalion at the Battle of Pozières and Battle of Mouquet Farm. He later commanded 11th Brigade at the Battle of Messines and the Battle of Broodseinde in 1917, and the Battle of Hamel and during the Hundred Days Offensive in 1918.
    [Show full text]
  • The Western Front the First World War Battlefield Guide: World War Battlefield First the the Westernthe Front
    Ed 2 June 2015 2 June Ed The First World War Battlefield Guide: Volume 1 The Western Front The First Battlefield War World Guide: The Western Front The Western Creative Media Design ADR003970 Edition 2 June 2015 The Somme Battlefield: Newfoundland Memorial Park at Beaumont Hamel Mike St. Maur Sheil/FieldsofBattle1418.org The Somme Battlefield: Lochnagar Crater. It was blown at 0728 hours on 1 July 1916. Mike St. Maur Sheil/FieldsofBattle1418.org The First World War Battlefield Guide: Volume 1 The Western Front 2nd Edition June 2015 ii | THE WESTERN FRONT OF THE FIRST WORLD WAR ISBN: 978-1-874346-45-6 First published in August 2014 by Creative Media Design, Army Headquarters, Andover. Printed by Earle & Ludlow through Williams Lea Ltd, Norwich. Revised and expanded second edition published in June 2015. Text Copyright © Mungo Melvin, Editor, and the Authors listed in the List of Contributors, 2014 & 2015. Sketch Maps Crown Copyright © UK MOD, 2014 & 2015. Images Copyright © Imperial War Museum (IWM), National Army Museum (NAM), Mike St. Maur Sheil/Fields of Battle 14-18, Barbara Taylor and others so captioned. No part of this publication, except for short quotations, may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the permission of the Editor and SO1 Commemoration, Army Headquarters, IDL 26, Blenheim Building, Marlborough Lines, Andover, Hampshire, SP11 8HJ. The First World War sketch maps have been produced by the Defence Geographic Centre (DGC), Joint Force Intelligence Group (JFIG), Ministry of Defence, Elmwood Avenue, Feltham, Middlesex, TW13 7AH. United Kingdom.
    [Show full text]
  • Gallipoli Campaign
    tHe GaLlIpOlI CaMpAiGn The Gallipoli Campaign was an attack on the Gallipoli peninsula during World War I, between 25 April 1915 and 9 January 1916. The Gallipoli peninsula was an important tactical position during World War I. The British War Council suggested that Germany could be defeated by attacks on her allies, Austria, Hungary and Turkey. The Allied forces of the British Empire (including Australia and New Zealand) aimed to force a passage through the Dardanelles Strait and capture the Turkish capital, Constantinople. At dawn on 25 April 1915, Anzac assault troops landed north of Gaba Tepe, at what became known as Anzac Cove, while the British forces landed at Cape Helles on the Gallipoli Peninsula. The campaign was a brave but costly failure. By December 1915 plans were drawn up to evacuate the entire force from Gallipoli. On 19 and 20 December, the evacuation of over 142,000 men from Anzac Cove commenced and was completed three weeks later with minimal casualties. In total, the whole Gallipoli campaign caused 26,111 Australian casualties, including 8,141 deaths. Since 1916 the anniversary of the landings on 25 April has been commemorated as Anzac Day, becoming one of the most important national celebrations in Australia and New Zealand. tHe GaLlIpOlI CaMpAiGn The Gallipoli Campaign was an attack on the Gallipoli peninsula during World War I, between 25 April 1915 and 9 January 1916. The Gallipoli peninsula was an important tactical position during World War I. The British War Council suggested that Germany could be defeated by attacks on her allies, Austria, Hungary and Turkey.
    [Show full text]
  • ANZAC Memorial Visit
    ANZAC Memorial Hyde Park June 2013 On Thursday 27th June the Scouts from 1st Ermington had the opportunity to visit the ANAZ Memorial at Hyde Park in the city. We caught the train from Eastwood station for the journey into Sydney - alighting from the train at Town Hall station. Fortunately the weather was kind and we had a nice walk up to the memo- rial through Hyde park. Although it was early evening and dark the memo- rial looked terrific. The curator for the evening introduced himself to the troop and there was much interest in his background as he was both a Vietnam veteran and a former scout. The evening started with a short video and the scouts were surprised at the footage of the opening because at the time the memorial was the tallest building in the city and the opening was attending by 100,000 people. We were given a tour of the different parts of the memorial (inside and out). Learning about the different parts of the memorial was extremely in- teresting. The Scouts were invited to release a Commemorative star representing an Australian service man or woman killed while serving their country or since deceased - a very humbling experience Another highlight of the evening was the Scouts being able to see a banner signed by Baden Powell. We departed the memorial at 8:20 for our return trip, arriving back into Eastwood at 9:10pm. A big thank you to the Scouts and Leaders that were able to participate in this activity. The ANZAC War Memorial, completed in 1934, is the main commemorative military monument of Sydney, Australia.
    [Show full text]
  • Kelson Nor Mckernan
    Vol. 5 No. 9 November 1995 $5.00 Fighting Memories Jack Waterford on strife at the Memorial Ken Inglis on rival shrines Great Escapes: Rachel Griffiths in London, Chris McGillion in America and Juliette Hughes in Canberra and the bush Volume 5 Number 9 EURE:-KA SJRE:i:T November 1995 A magazine of public affairs, the arts and th eology CoNTENTS 4 30 COMMENT POETRY Seven Sketches by Maslyn Williams. 9 CAPITAL LETTER 32 BOOKS 10 Andrew Hamilton reviews three recent LETTERS books on Australian immigration; Keith Campbell considers The Oxford 12 Companion to Philosophy (p36); IN GOD WE BUST J.J.C. Smart examines The Moral Chris McGillion looks at the implosion Pwblem (p38); Juliette Hughes reviews of America from the inside. The Letters of Hildegard of Bingen Vol I and Hildegard of Bingen and 14 Gendered Theology in Ju dea-Christian END OF THE GEORGIAN ERA Tradition (p40); Michael McGirr talks Michael McGirr marks the passing of a to Hugh Lunn, (p42); Bruce Williams Melbourne institution. reviews A Companion to Theatre in Australia (p44); Max T eichrnann looks 15 at Albert Speer: His Battle With Truth COUNTERPOINT (p46); James Griffin reviews To Solitude The m edia's responsibility to society is Consigned: The Journal of William m easured by the code of ethics, says Smith O'BTien (p48). Paul Chadwick. 49 17 THEATRE ARCHIMEDES Geoffrey Milne takes a look at quick changes in W A. 18 WAR AT THE MEMORIAL 51 Ja ck Waterford exarnines the internal C lea r-fe Jl ed forest area. Ph oto­ FLASH IN THE PAN graph, above left, by Bill T homas ructions at the Australian War Memorial.
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolution of British Tactical and Operational Tank Doctrine and Training in the First World War
    The evolution of British tactical and operational tank doctrine and training in the First World War PHILIP RICHARD VENTHAM TD BA (Hons.) MA. Thesis submitted for the award of the degree of Master of Philosophy by the University of Wolverhampton October 2016 ©Copyright P R Ventham 1 ABSTRACT Tanks were first used in action in September 1916. There had been no previous combat experience on which to base tactical and operational doctrine for the employment of this novel weapon of war. Training of crews and commanders was hampered by lack of vehicles and weapons. Time was short in which to train novice crews. Training facilities were limited. Despite mechanical limitations of the early machines and their vulnerability to adverse ground conditions, the tanks achieved moderate success in their initial actions. Advocates of the tanks, such as Fuller and Elles, worked hard to convince the sceptical of the value of the tank. Two years later, tanks had gained the support of most senior commanders. Doctrine, based on practical combat experience, had evolved both within the Tank Corps and at GHQ and higher command. Despite dramatic improvements in the design, functionality and reliability of the later marks of heavy and medium tanks, they still remained slow and vulnerable to ground conditions and enemy counter-measures. Competing demands for materiel meant there were never enough tanks to replace casualties and meet the demands of formation commanders. This thesis will argue that the somewhat patchy performance of the armoured vehicles in the final months of the war was less a product of poor doctrinal guidance and inadequate training than of an insufficiency of tanks and the difficulties of providing enough tanks in the right locations at the right time to meet the requirements of the manoeuvre battles of the ‘Hundred Days’.
    [Show full text]
  • With the Judeans in the Palestine Campaign the Macmillan Company Kbwyork • Boston • Chicago • Daixas Atlanta • San Francisco
    ^^0^ ^(y a' ^0^ o^, *. ^V ^q,/*Tr.-* ^<^/o ^-^^ .o^\i^:.'/%''"'-^'''' 1--•^^ c\. "^0'^ o. %-!-:.-.- *« 'i;' vV <^ ''o ^^-n^A. ,0 * " A*^ '^<,.''*'o,T** .0^ \^ *^^^'* '^<^"*-o.?*' .0^ ^• ^^M^^ o\ />*^<^ •; '^^ 5>^ •!nL% Ik A? * > .0^ '"^-. ^^ ^^ * \<,^' ' > 4.*' ''*^_ <p^ .1-4-*' ..• -• ..I'^L', .'.^ia' % " ' *-./ - "'^.c.^^ WITH THE JUDEANS IN THE PALESTINE CAMPAIGN THE MACMILLAN COMPANY KBWYORK • BOSTON • CHICAGO • DAIXAS ATLANTA • SAN FRANCISCO MACMILLAN & CO.. Limited LONDON • BOMBAY • CALCUTTA MELBOURNE THE MACMILLAN CO. OP CANADA. Ltd. TORONTO PHYSICAL MAP OF PALESTINE Scale of miles 6 10 20 40 60 80 100 Scale of kilometres 6 10 20 40 GO 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 WITH THE JUDEANS IN THE PALESTINE CAMPAIGN BY LIEUT.-COLONEL J. H. PATTERSON, D.S.C. AUTHOR OF "the MAN-EATERS OF TSAVo/' "iN THE GRIP OF THE NYIKa/' "wITH THE ZIONISTS IN GALLIPOH" THE MACMILLAN COMPANY 1922 All rights reserved PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 1\^'. ^'^.y' Copyright, 1922, By the MACMILLAN COMPANY. Set up and electrotyped. Published, November, 1922. FERRIS PRINTING COMPANY NEW YORK CITY -6 DEC '22 C1A692250 PREFACE THE formation of a Battalion of Jews for service in the British Army is an event with: out precedent in our annals, and the part played by such a unique unit is assured of a niche in history, owing to the fact that it fought in Palestine, not only for the British cause, but also for the Restoration of the Jewish people to the Promised Land. In writing the following- narrative, my object has been to give a faithful account of the doings of this Jewish Battalion while it was under my command.
    [Show full text]
  • Avenues of Honour, Memorial and Other Avenues, Lone Pines – Around Australia and in New Zealand Background
    Avenues of Honour, Memorial and other avenues, Lone Pines – around Australia and in New Zealand Background: Avenues of Honour or Honour Avenues (commemorating WW1) Australia, with a population of then just 3 million, had 415,000 citizens mobilised in military service over World War 1. Debates on conscription were divisive, nationally and locally. It lost 60,000 soldiers to WW1 – a ratio of one in five to its population at the time. New Zealand’s 1914 population was 1 million. World War 1 saw 10% of its people, some 103,000 troops and nurses head overseas, many for the first time. Some 18,277 died in World War1 and another 41,317 (65,000: Mike Roche, pers. comm., 17/10/2018) were wounded, a 58% casualty rate. About another 1000 died within 5 years of 1918, from injuries (wiki). This had a huge impact, reshaping the country’s perception of itself and its place in the world (Watters, 2016). AGHS member Sarah Wood (who since 2010 has toured a photographic exhibition of Victoria’s avenues in Melbourne, Ballarat and France) notes that 60,000 Australian servicemen and women did not return. This left lasting scars on what then was a young, united ‘nation’ of states, only since 1901. Mawrey (2014, 33) notes that when what became known as the ‘Great War’ started, it was soon apparent that casualties were on a scale previously unimaginable. By the end of 1914, virtually all the major combatants had suffered greater losses than in all the wars of the previous hundred years put together.
    [Show full text]
  • State Ed by Verity Laughton
    state ed by Verity Laughton 2 Index .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3 Cast & Creatives .............................................................................................................................................................................. 4 Synopsis ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 5 About the Show ............................................................................................................................................................................... 5 Writer .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 6 Director............................................................................................................................................................................................... 7 Letters ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 9 Themes ...........................................................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Great War Began at the End of July 1914 with the Triple Entente
    ANZAC SURGEONS OF GALLIPOLI The Great War began at the end of July 1914 with the Triple Entente (Britain, France and Russia) aligned against the Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria- Hungary and Italy). By December, the Alliance powers had been joined by the Ottoman Turks; and in January 1915 the Russians, pressured by German and Turkish forces in the Caucasus, asked the British to open up another front. Hamilton second from right: There is nothing certain about war except that one side won’t win. AWM H10350 A naval campaign against Turkey was devised by the British The Turkish forces Secretary of State for War Lord Kitchener and the First Sea Lord, Winston Churchill. In 1913, Enver Pasha became Minister of War and de-facto Commander in Chief of the Turkish forces. He commanded It was intended that allied ships would destroy Turkish the Ottoman Army in 1914 when they were defeated by fortifications and open up the Straits of the Dardanelles, thus the Russians at the Battle of Sarikamiş and also forged the enabling the capture of Constantinople. alliance with Germany in 1914. In March 1915 he handed over control of the Ottoman 5th army to the German General Otto Liman von Sanders. It was intended that allied Von Sanders recognised the allies could not take Constantinople without a combined land and sea attack. ships would destroy Turkish In his account of the campaign, he commented on the small force of 60,000 men under his command but noted: The fortifications British gave me four weeks before their great landing.
    [Show full text]
  • The Forgotten Fronts the First World War Battlefield Guide: World War Battlefield First the the Forgotten Fronts Forgotten The
    Ed 1 Nov 2016 1 Nov Ed The First World War Battlefield Guide: Volume 2 The Forgotten Fronts The First Battlefield War World Guide: The Forgotten Fronts Creative Media Design ADR005472 Edition 1 November 2016 THE FORGOTTEN FRONTS | i The First World War Battlefield Guide: Volume 2 The British Army Campaign Guide to the Forgotten Fronts of the First World War 1st Edition November 2016 Acknowledgement The publisher wishes to acknowledge the assistance of the following organisations in providing text, images, multimedia links and sketch maps for this volume: Defence Geographic Centre, Imperial War Museum, Army Historical Branch, Air Historical Branch, Army Records Society,National Portrait Gallery, Tank Museum, National Army Museum, Royal Green Jackets Museum,Shepard Trust, Royal Australian Navy, Australian Defence, Royal Artillery Historical Trust, National Archive, Canadian War Museum, National Archives of Canada, The Times, RAF Museum, Wikimedia Commons, USAF, US Library of Congress. The Cover Images Front Cover: (1) Wounded soldier of the 10th Battalion, Black Watch being carried out of a communication trench on the ‘Birdcage’ Line near Salonika, February 1916 © IWM; (2) The advance through Palestine and the Battle of Megiddo: A sergeant directs orders whilst standing on one of the wooden saddles of the Camel Transport Corps © IWM (3) Soldiers of the Royal Army Service Corps outside a Field Ambulance Station. © IWM Inside Front Cover: Helles Memorial, Gallipoli © Barbara Taylor Back Cover: ‘Blood Swept Lands and Seas of Red’ at the Tower of London © Julia Gavin ii | THE FORGOTTEN FRONTS THE FORGOTTEN FRONTS | iii ISBN: 978-1-874346-46-3 First published in November 2016 by Creative Media Designs, Army Headquarters, Andover.
    [Show full text]