DOCSLIB.ORG

Antigenic Relationships Among Floc-Forming Pseudomonadaceae

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Antigenic Relationships Among Floc-Forming Pseudomonadaceae ANTIGENIC RELATIONSHIPS AMONG FLOC-FORMING PSE UDOMONADA CEA El FRANK W. CHORPENNING, DAVID H. SCHMIDT, HUGH B. STAMPER and PATRICK R. DUGAN, Department of Microbiology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 Abstract. A number of cross-reactions were observed between the antigens of floc- forming pseudomonads. Immunodiffusion tests of trichloroacetic acid extracts showed that antigens are shared by some Zoogloea spp. and Pseudomonas spp., yet other Zoo- gloea and Pseudomonas spp. lack these antigens. One of the antigens was also found in Gluconobacler. This demonstration of a close antigenic relationship between some, but not all, members of the 3 genera must be weighed against the limited number of char- acteristics which establish the generic distinction. OHIO J. SCI. 78(1): 29, 1978 Members of the genera Zoogloea, Glu- bacter using agglutination and tube pre- conobacter, and Pseudomonas share many cipitation tests. He reported that A. of the same distinctive characteristics, suboxydans (Gluconobacler) strains con- and studies of ecological significance stituted a distinguishable serologic group, (Crabtree and McCoy 1967, Friedman unrelated to A. rancens. Other species and Dugan 1968, Friedman et al 1968, were not included in the study. In view Dugan 1975) have been handicapped by of the difficulties in identifying pseudo- difficulties in identification. These bac- monad bacteria, we have examined the teria are all gram-negative, polarly-flag- serologic reactions of examples in 'S of the ellated, aerobic rods, and are frequently genera mentioned above. isolated from aquatic habitats where they grow as flocculent aggregates of MATERIALS AND METHODS Organisms. Pseudomonads included in this cells rather than dispersed. They are study were Zoogloea ramigera 115 (ATCC 25935), nonfermentative, catalase-positive organ- Z. jilipendula P84, Z. ramigera 1-16-M (ATCC isms which produce varying amounts of 19623), P. denitrificans (ATCC 13867), Gluco- extracellular polymer that has been im- nobacter oxydans, subsp. oxydans (ATCC 9433), G. oxydans subsp. suboxydans (ATCC 621) and plicated in the bio-flocculation process Pseudomonas species C3 which was isolated (Friedman et al 1969). Interest in these from raw water and previously described organisms is related to the ecological (Friedman and Dugan 1968). significance of the flocculation phenome- Preparation of Antigens. Cultures were grown for 2 days at 26°C in a 12-liter fermenter con- non in removal of organic and mineral taining trypticase soy broth (TSB) (Becton, water pollutants (Dugan and Pickrum Dickinson, Cockeysville, MD) except that 1972). Many of these bacteria are in- mannitol-yeast extract-peptone broth was used digenous to aerobic waste treatment for growing the Gluconobacter spp. The cells were collected by eentrifugation, using the systems and have high adsorptive cap- KSB continuous-flow apparatus (Sorvall, RC2B abilities in addition to strong hydrolytic Centrifuge) and washed twice in saline by the and oxidative capacities (Joyce and Du- same procedure. The antigens were extracted gan 1970). from whole cells with 0.25N trichloroacetic acid (TCA) by the method of Van Eeden (1967) There are few reports concerning anti- except that the TCA soluble extracts were genic relationships among the Pseudo- dialyzed against 3 changes of phosphate-buf- monadaceae other than for the genus fered saline (pH 7.4) at 4°C. An extract of TSB was prepared in the same way, as a con- Pseudomonas. An exception is Mclntosh trol. Extracts were stored at 4°C with 0.02% (1962), who studied antigenic analysis of sodium azide added as a preservative. organisms attributed to the genus Aceto- Antisera. Rabbits were immunized by in- jecting suspensions of the heat-killed organisms iManuscript received May 27, 1977 and in re- (4 x 109 cells) subcutaneously in Freud's in- vised form September 15, 1977 (#77-43). complete adjuvant. The schedule consisted of 29 30 F. W. CHORPENNING ET AL Vol. 78 2 injections a month apart. Some animals were bacter oxydans subsp. suboxydans (fig. lb). injected a third time after a lapse of several months. Test sera were collected when trial The reactions of antisera against Pseudo- bleedings produced good homologous reactions. monas sp. C3 likewise demonstrated Immunodiffusion Tests. Antisera were ex- strong cross-reactions with Z. ramigera amined by immunodiffusion against trichloro- 115 (figs. 2a and 2b). The reaction of acetic acid extracts of the homologous and heterologous organisms. Some immunodiffu- identity is clear in figure 2b. A different sion tests were performed in Petri plates and antiserum against C3 again exhibited some by the micro-modification (Wadsworth cross-reactions with Z. ramigera 115 but 1957). In either case, 1% Noble Agar was also showed a reaction of identity with employed and 0.05% trypan blue was added for better visualization. Precipitation patterns both G. oxydans subspecies (fig. 2c). The were read at various times, but examples shown cross-reactions of anti-C3 with Z. rami- in the figures were photographed between 18 gera 115 and Z. ramigera 1-16-M were and 36 hours. confirmed with still another antiserum (fig. 2d), but a reaction between this RESULTS serum and Z. filipendula P84 could not Antisera to 6 floc-forming pseudomon- be demonstrated. ads, which produced strong precipitation reactions with homologous extracts, cross- Evidence that antibody specificities in reacted with extracts from certain other antisera raised to Z. ramigera 115 and pseudomonads. Both of the Zoogloea Pseudomonas sp. C3 are identical is pre- spp. exhibited cross-reactions with Pse- sented in figure 3, where the reactions of udomonas sp. C3 and one cross-reacted the 2 antisera with an extract of Pseudo- with Gluconobacter spp. These antisera monas sp. C3 were reactions of identity. FIGURE 1. Cross-reactions between antisera to Z. ramigera 115 (center well) and other pseudomonads: Pseudomonas sp. C3 (1), Gluconobacter oxydans subsp. suboxydans (2), Gluconobacter oxydans subsp. oxydans (3), Z. filipendula P84 (4), Z. ramigera 1-16-M (5), and Z. ramigera 115 (6). Fig. la shows a multispecific serum, Fig. lb shows a reaction of identity (arrow) between Z. ramigera 115 (6), Pseudomonas C3 (1), Z. ramigera 1-16-M (5) and Gluconobacter oxydans subsp. suboxydans (2). did not cross-react with extracts of P. A similar experiment, using an extract of denitrificans. At least 6 cross-reactions Z. ramigera 115 as the antigen, con- of apparently different specificities were firmed this identity. observed. Using an antiserum to Z. ramigera Immunodiffusion tests indicated the 1-16-M, reactions of identity were ob- complexity of the cross-reaction (fig. la) served with Z. ramigera 115 and Pseudo- and produced partial clarification. Some monas sp. C3, but were weak and could antisera against Zoogloea ramigera 115 de- not be clearly photographed. Antisera fined an antigen which is identical with to Z. filipendula P84 yield cross-reactions one of Pseudomonas sp. C3 and Glucono- with Pseudomonas sp. C3 and Z. rami- Ohio J. Sci. ANTIGENS OF THE PSEUDOMONADACEAE 31 FIGURE 2. Cross-reactions between antisera to Pseudomonas sp. C3 (center well) and extracts of other pseudomonads. Fig. 2a and 2b show reactions with Pseudomonas sp. (1) and Z. ramigera 115 (6). Fig. 2c shows reactions of identity with Z. ramigera 115 (6), G. oxydans subsp. oxydans (2) and G. oxydans subsp. suboxydans (3). Also present (arrow) is a reaction of partial identity with Zoogloea filipendula P84 (4) and Zoogloea ramigera 1-16-M (5). Fig. 2d shows a reaction of identity between Pseudomonas sp. C3 (1), Z. ramigera 115 (6) and Z. ramigera 1-16-M (5) with a different preparation of antiserum. Although the latter reaction (5) is faintly visible in the photo, it was clearly seen in the gel. gera 1-16-M, but not with Z. ramigera DISCUSSION 115, thus appearing to involve a different A variety of antigens have been demon- antigen. strated in floc-forming pseudomonads The cross-reaction between the G. which cross the lines of established genera. oxydans subsp. suboxydans and Z. rami- No single antigen defines a species or gera 115 is shown in figure 4a. Clearly, 2 genus and the presence of a variety of or more antigens relate these organisms. carbohydrate antigens is suggested. At Whether one of these is the same spe- least 3 different antigenic determinants cificity as the one observed in antisera to are shared by Zoogloea ramigera 115 and Z. ramigera 115 and Pseudomonas sp. C3 Pseudomonas sp. C3, indicating a close has not been determined. The Glucono- relationship between these organisms. bacter spp. shared a different antigen One of these determinants was also found which was not demonstrated in either Z. in Z. ramigera 1-16-M, but none were ramigera 115 or Z. filipendula P84, (fig. demonstrated in Z. filipendula P84, or in 4b). A list of the antigenic relationships Pseudomonas denitrificans. observed is presented in table 1. Table 1 shows that a number of in- 32 F. W. CHORPENNING ET AL Vol. 78 TABLE 1 Reactions of Identity Observed with Heterologous Species Antiserum Against: Extract From: Z. ramigera 115 Pseudomonas sp. C3 G. oxydans subsp. sub- oxydans Z. ramigera 1-16-M Z. ramigera 1-16-M Pseudomonas sp. C3 Pseudomonas sp. C3 Z. ramigera 115 and 1-16-M G. oxydans subsp. sub- oxydans G. oxydans subsp. oxydans FIGURE 3. Identity of the major antibody Z. filipendula P 84 Z. ramigera 1-16-M specificities in antisera to Pseudomonas C3 Pseudomonas sp. C3 (1) and Z. ramigera 115 (2) was shown by testing against Pseudomonas sp. C3 extract G. oxydans subsp. Z. ramigera 115 (4). Wells 3 and 5 contained antiserum to suboxydans G. oxydans subsp. oxydans Z. filipendula P84 and the two bottom wells G. oxydans subsp. Z. filipendula P84 were empty. oxydans G. oxydans subsp. sub- oxydans teresting relationships were demonstrated and that several different antigens appear to be shared across generally accepted From the results presented, it appears taxonomic lines.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Response of Heterotrophic Stream Biofilm Communities to a Gradient of Resources
    The following supplement accompanies the article Response of heterotrophic stream biofilm communities to a gradient of resources D. J. Van Horn1,*, R. L. Sinsabaugh1, C. D. Takacs-Vesbach1, K. R. Mitchell1,2, C. N. Dahm1 1Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA 2Present address: Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of British Columbia Life Sciences Centre, Vancouver BC V6T 1Z3, Canada *Email: [email protected] Aquatic Microbial Ecology 64:149–161 (2011) Table S1. Representative sequences for each OTU, associated GenBank accession numbers, and taxonomic classifications with bootstrap values (in parentheses), generated in mothur using 14956 reference sequences from the SILVA data base Treatment Accession Sequence name SILVA taxonomy classification number Control JF695047 BF8FCONT18Fa04.b1 Bacteria(100);Proteobacteria(100);Gammaproteobacteria(100);Pseudomonadales(100);Pseudomonadaceae(100);Cellvibrio(100);unclassified; Control JF695049 BF8FCONT18Fa12.b1 Bacteria(100);Proteobacteria(100);Alphaproteobacteria(100);Rhizobiales(100);Methylocystaceae(100);uncultured(100);unclassified; Control JF695054 BF8FCONT18Fc01.b1 Bacteria(100);Planctomycetes(100);Planctomycetacia(100);Planctomycetales(100);Planctomycetaceae(100);Isosphaera(50);unclassified; Control JF695056 BF8FCONT18Fc04.b1 Bacteria(100);Proteobacteria(100);Gammaproteobacteria(100);Xanthomonadales(100);Xanthomonadaceae(100);uncultured(64);unclassified; Control JF695057 BF8FCONT18Fc06.b1 Bacteria(100);Proteobacteria(100);Betaproteobacteria(100);Burkholderiales(100);Comamonadaceae(100);Ideonella(54);unclassified;
    [Show full text]
  • BEI Resources Product Information Sheet Catalog No. NR-51597 Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Strain MRSN 23861
    Product Information Sheet for NR-51597 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Strain MRSN P. aeruginosa is a Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium with unipolar motility that thrives in many diverse 23861 environments including soil, water and certain eukaryotic hosts. It is a key emerging opportunistic pathogen in animals, Catalog No. NR-51597 including humans and plants. While it rarely infects healthy This reagent is the tangible property of the U.S. Government. individuals, P. aeruginosa causes severe acute and chronic nosocomial infections in immunocompromised or catheterized patients, especially in patients with cystic fibrosis, burns, For research use only. Not for human use. cancer or HIV.3-5 Infections of this type are often highly antibiotic resistant, difficult to eradicate and often lead to Contributor: death. The ability of P. aeruginosa to survive on minimal Multidrug-Resistant Organism Repository and Surveillance nutritional requirements, tolerate a variety of physical Network (MRSN), Bacterial Disease Branch, Walter Reed conditions and rapidly develop resistance during the course of Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA therapy has allowed it to persist in both community and 5,6 hospital settings. Manufacturer: BEI Resources Material Provided: Each vial contains approximately 0.5 mL of bacterial culture in Product Description: Tryptic Soy broth supplemented with 10% glycerol. Bacteria Classification: Pseudomonadaceae, Pseudomonas Species: Pseudomonas aeruginosa Note: If homogeneity is required for your intended use, please Strain: MRSN 23861 purify prior to initiating work. Original Source: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), strain MRSN 23861 was isolated in 2014 from a human Packaging/Storage: respiratory sample as part of a surveillance program in the NR-51597 was packaged aseptically in cryovials.
    [Show full text]
  • Characterization of Environmental and Cultivable Antibiotic- Resistant Microbial Communities Associated with Wastewater Treatment
    antibiotics Article Characterization of Environmental and Cultivable Antibiotic- Resistant Microbial Communities Associated with Wastewater Treatment Alicia Sorgen 1, James Johnson 2, Kevin Lambirth 2, Sandra M. Clinton 3 , Molly Redmond 1 , Anthony Fodor 2 and Cynthia Gibas 2,* 1 Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA; [email protected] (A.S.); [email protected] (M.R.) 2 Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA; [email protected] (J.J.); [email protected] (K.L.); [email protected] (A.F.) 3 Department of Geography & Earth Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-704-687-8378 Abstract: Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a growing global concern, threatening human and environmental health, particularly among urban populations. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are thought to be “hotspots” for antibiotic resistance dissemination. The conditions of WWTPs, in conjunction with the persistence of commonly used antibiotics, may favor the selection and transfer of resistance genes among bacterial populations. WWTPs provide an important ecological niche to examine the spread of antibiotic resistance. We used heterotrophic plate count methods to identify Citation: Sorgen, A.; Johnson, J.; phenotypically resistant cultivable portions of these bacterial communities and characterized the Lambirth, K.; Clinton,
    [Show full text]
  • The Associated Growth of Pseudomonas Fluorescens
    THE ASSOCIATED GROWTH OF PSEUDOMONAS FLUORESCENS, ESCHERICHIA COLI AND / OR LACTOBACILLUS PLANTARUM IN ASEPTICALLY-PREPARED FRESH GROUND BEEF AT 7 °C OR AT 4 AND 25 °C OF STORAGE DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the requirements of the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Yi-Mei Sun, M.S. ***** The Ohio State University 2003 Dissertation Committee: Prof. Herbert W. Ockerman, Advisor Approved by Prof. John C. Gordon Prof. Curtis L. Knipe ___________________________ Advisor Prof. Ahmed E. Yousef Department of Animal Sciences UMI Number: 3119496 ________________________________________________________ UMI Microform 3119496 Copyright 2004 by ProQuest Information and Learning Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ____________________________________________________________ ProQuest Information and Learning Company 300 North Zeeb Road PO Box 1346 Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1346 ABSTRACT This research was conducted to understand the interactions between normal background microorganisms (Pseudomonas and Lactobacillus) and Escherichia coli on solid food such as fresh ground beef. By using aseptically-obtained fresh ground beef as a model, different levels of background bacteria along with different levels of E. coli were inoculated and applied in three experiments at different storage temperatures. In Experiment I, three levels (zero, 3 logs and 6 logs) of Pseudomonas were combined with three levels (zero, 2 logs and 4 logs) of E. coli and stored at 7 ºC for 7 days. One log increase of VRBA (E. coli) counts was observed for treatments with 2 log E. coli inoculation but no changes were found for treatments with 4 log E.
    [Show full text]
  • Staphylococcus Spp., Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonadaceae
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector a r c h i v e s o f o r a l b i o l o g y 5 6 ( 2 0 1 1 ) 1 0 4 1 – 1 0 4 6 availab le at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aob Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonadaceae oral isolates from Brazilian HIV-positive patients. Correlation with CD4 cell counts and viral load a, a Graziella Nuernberg Back-Brito *, Vivian Narana Ribeiro El Ackhar , a b Silvia Maria Rodrigues Querido , Silvana Sole´o Ferreira dos Santos , a c Antonio Olavo Cardoso Jorge , Alexandre de Souza de Macedo Reis , a Cristiane Yumi Koga-Ito a Department of Oral Biosciences and Diagnosis, Laboratory of Microbiology, Sa˜ o Jose´ dos Campos Dental School, Univ Estadual Paulista/ UNESP, Brazil b Microbiology, University of Taubate´, Brazil c Day Hospital, University of Taubate´, Brazil a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: The aim was to evaluate the presence of Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudo- Accepted 23 February 2011 monadaceae in the oral cavities of HIV-positive patients. Forty-five individuals diagnosed as HIV-positive by ELISA and Western-blot, and under anti-retroviral therapy for at least 1 year, Keywords: were included in the study. The control group constituted 45 systemically healthy individu- HIV als matched to the HIV patients to gender, age and oral conditions.
    [Show full text]
  • Pseudomonas Syringae Pv. Actinidiae Takikdawa Et Al
    JUL10Pathogen of the month – July 2010 . 1989 et al a b cdc Fig. 1. Drop of white exudate from an infected kiwifruit shoot (a); production of red exudate from an infected cane (b); an infected shoot wilting and dying in early summer (c); and small angular necrotic leaf spots caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv actinidiae (d). Photo credits J. L. Vanneste. Disease: Bacterial canker of kiwifruit Classification: D: Bacteria, C: Gammaproteobacteria, O: Pseudomonadales, F: Pseudomonadaceae Takikdawa Bacterial canker of kiwifruit (Fig. 1), caused by the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa), affects different species of Actinidia including A. deliciosa and A. chinensis, the two species that constitute the majority of kiwifruit (green and yellow-fleshed) grown commercially around the world. This pathogen was first described in Japan in 1984. It was subsequently isolated in Korea and in Italy. Its economical impact can be significant, as is the case with the current outbreak in Latina (Italy). Distribution and Host Range: During summer the most visible symptoms are small This disease is present in Japan, Korea and Italy. angular necrotic spots on leaves, often surrounded by Earlier reports of bacterial canker of kiwifruit from a yellow halo. This halo reveals production by the Iran and the USA refer to a different disease caused pathogen of phytotoxins such as phaseolotoxin or . actinidiae by the related pathogen P. s. pv. syringae. New coronatine. However, not all strains of Psa produce Zealand and Australia are free of the disease. those toxins. During harvest and leaf fall, when environmental pv Symptoms and Life Cycle: conditions are still warm and showery, the bacteria Infections occur preferentially when the can move into these wounds and lay dormant until temperatures are relatively low, such as in spring spring.
    [Show full text]
  • Sequence of the Pseudomonas Syringae Oprf Gene CATHERINE A
    JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY, Jan. 1991, p. 768-775 Vol. 173, No. 2 0021-9193/91/020768-08$02.00/0 Copyright © 1991, American Society for Microbiology Conservation of the Gene for Outer Membrane Protein OprF in the Family Pseudomonadaceae: Sequence of the Pseudomonas syringae oprF Gene CATHERINE A. ULLSTROM,1 RICHARD SIEHNEL,1 WENDY WOODRUFF,' SUZANNE STEINBACH,2 AND ROBERT E. W. HANCOCK'* Department ofMicrobiology, University ofBritish Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T I W5, Canada,' and Maxwell Finland Laboratory for Infectious Diseases, Department ofPediatrics, Boston University School ofPublic Health, Boston, Massachusetts 021182 Received 27 June 1990/Accepted 26 October 1990 The conservation of the oprF gene for the major outer membrane protein OprF was determined by restriction mapping and Southern blot hybridization with the Pseudomonas aeruginosa oprF gene as a probe. The restriction map was highly conserved among 16 of the 17 serotype type strains and 42 clinical isolates of Downloaded from P. aeruginosa. Only the serotype 12 isolate and one clinical isolate showed small differences in restriction pattern. Southern probing of PstI chromosomal digests of 14 species from the family Pseudomonadaceae revealed that only the nine members of rRNA homology group I hybridized with the oprF gene. To reveal the actual extent of homology, the oprF gene and its product were characterized in Pseudomonas syringae. Nine strains of P. syringae from seven different pathovars hybridized with the P. aeruginosa gene to produce five different but related restriction maps. All produced an OprF protein in their outer membranes with the same jb.asm.org apparent molecular weight as that of P.
    [Show full text]
  • Supplementary Information Prompt Response of Estuarine Denitrifying
    Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Environmental Science: Nano. This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2021 Supplementary Information Prompt response of estuarine denitrifying bacterial communities to copper nanoparticles at relevant environmental concentrations Joana Costa1, António G.G. Sousa1, Ana Carolina Carneiro1,2, Ana Paula Mucha1,2, C. Marisa R. Almeida1,3, Catarina Magalhães1,2,4,5, Mafalda S. Baptista1,3,6 * * [email protected] 1 CIIMAR/CIMAR – Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal 2 Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal 3 Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal 4 School of Science, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand 5 Ocean Frontier Institute, Dalhousie University, Canada 6 International Centre for Terrestrial Antarctic Research, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand Supplementary Experimental Selection of primers targeting nitrite and nitrous oxide reductase genes Both nitrite (nir) and nitrous oxide (nosZ) reductase genes have been shown to exhibit phylogenetic distinct clades and to harbour taxonomically diverse microorganisms.1–4 This has posed challenges to the design of primers that are both unambiguous and comprehensive of the denitrifier diversity. Common primers for nitrite reductase nirK gene are F1aCu/R3Cu 5 and nirK2F/nirK5R;6 for nirS gene are cd3aF/R3cd7,8 and nirS2F/nirS4R. 6 At the time these were designed the sequences available were mostly from Proteobacteria strains, which 1 narrowed the diversity of these genes to this taxon. Nowadays they are still commonly used but advances in culture-independent methods to investigate the microbial community composition allowed the identification of nir genes across diverse taxonomic groups.
    [Show full text]
  • <I>PSEUDOMONAS SYRINGAE</I>
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Dissertations and Theses in Biological Sciences Biological Sciences, School of 7-2012 THE PSEUDOMONAS SYRINGAE TYPE III SECRETION SYSTEM: THE TRANSLOCATOR PROTEINS, THEIR SECRETION, AND THE RESTRICTION OF TRANSLOCATION BY THE PLANT IMMUNE SYSTEM Emerson Crabill University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/bioscidiss Part of the Pathogenic Microbiology Commons, and the Plant Pathology Commons Crabill, Emerson, "THE PSEUDOMONAS SYRINGAE TYPE III SECRETION SYSTEM: THE TRANSLOCATOR PROTEINS, THEIR SECRETION, AND THE RESTRICTION OF TRANSLOCATION BY THE PLANT IMMUNE SYSTEM" (2012). Dissertations and Theses in Biological Sciences. 44. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/bioscidiss/44 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Biological Sciences, School of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses in Biological Sciences by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. THE PSEUDOMONAS SYRINGAE TYPE III SECRETION SYSTEM: THE TRANSLOCATOR PROTEINS, THEIR SECRETION, AND THE RESTRICTION OF TRANSLOCATION BY THE PLANT IMMUNE SYSTEM By Emerson Crabill A DISSERTATION Presented to the Faculty of The Graduate College at the University of Nebraska In Partial Fulfillment of Requirements For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Major: Biological Sciences Under the Supervision of Professor James R. Alfano Lincoln, Nebraska July, 2012 THE PSEUDOMONAS SYRINGAE TYPE III SECRETION SYSTEM: THE TRANSLOCATOR PROTEINS, THEIR SECRETION, AND THE RESTRICTION OF TRANSLOCATION BY THE PLANT IMMUNE SYSTEM Emerson Crabill, Ph.D. University of Nebraska, 2012 Adviser: James R. Alfano Pseudomonas syringae is a Gram-negative plant pathogen whose virulence is dependent upon its type III secretion system (T3SS), a nanosyringe that facilitates translocation, or injection, of type III effector (T3E) proteins into eukaryotic cells.
    [Show full text]
  • Monoclonal Antibody for an Outer Membrane Lipoprotein of the Pseudomonas Fluoreseem Group of the Family Pseudomonadaceae L
    I'VTERNATIONALJOURNAL OF SYSTEMATICBACTERIOLOGY, Oct. 1985, p. 530-532 Vol. 35, No. 4 0020-7713/85/040530-03$02.00/0 Copyright 0 1985, International Union of Microbiological Societies Monoclonal Antibody for an Outer Membrane Lipoprotein of the Pseudomonas fluoreseem Group of the Family Pseudomonadaceae L. M. MUTHARIA AND ROBERT E. W. HANCOCK" Department of Microbiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1 W5 Monoclonal antibody MA14 directed against Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PAOl outer membrane lipoprotein H2 also interacted with a protein having an identical molecular weight from 50 of 52 strains of P. aeruginosa tested. This antibody interacted with the P. fluorescens group of the family Pseudomonadaceae and with Azotobacter vinelandii but not with several other species of gram-negative bacteria. A colony blotting assay performed with this antibody allowed rapid detection of the P. jluorescens-A. vinelandii group. Currently, the identification of Pseudomonas species in ET7601, and Azotobacter vinelandii OP, and with a protein clinical laboratories requires a large number of biochemical having a slightly lower molecular weight in Pseudomonas tests (12, 13). These methods are time consuming, and some aureofaciens ATCC 13985T outer membranes (Fig. 1B). tests, especially those used to differentiate glucose-oxidizing There was no interaction with outer membranes from Pseu- Pseudomonas species, are not entirely satisfactory (6, 12, domonas cepacia ATCC 25416, Pseudomonas solana- 13). In recent years techniques that involve determinations cearum ATCC 11696T, Pseudomonas acidovorans ATCC (of deoxyribonucleic acid base composition (4), deoxyribo- 9353, Pseudomonas maltophilia ATCC 13637T, Escherichia nucleic acid-deoxyribonucleic acid hybridization (lo), coli CGSC 6044 and PC0479, or Salmonella typhimurium ribonucleic acid homology (1, ll),or fatty acid composition LT2 SGSC 205 and SGSC 206 or with outer membranes from (6, 7) have been developed.
    [Show full text]
  • Intrahepatic Bacterial Metataxonomic Signature in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver
    Hepatology ORIGINAL RESEARCH Intrahepatic bacterial metataxonomic signature in Gut: first published as 10.1136/gutjnl-2019-318811 on 2 January 2020. Downloaded from non- alcoholic fatty liver disease Silvia Sookoian ,1,2 Adrian Salatino,1,3 Gustavo Osvaldo Castaño,4 Maria Silvia Landa,1,3 Cinthia Fijalkowky,1,3 Martin Garaycoechea,5 Carlos Jose Pirola 1,3 ► Additional material is ABSTRact published online only. To view Objective We aimed to characterise the liver tissue Significance of this study please visit the journal online bacterial metataxonomic signature in two independent (http:// dx. doi. org/ 10. 1136/ What is already known on this subject? gutjnl- 2019- 318811). cohorts of patients with biopsy- proven non- alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) diagnosis, as differences in ► The natural history of non- alcoholic fatty liver For numbered affiliations see disease (NAFLD) is modulated by genetic and end of article. the host phenotypic features—from moderate to severe obesity—may be associated with significant changes in environmental factors. ► Recent discoveries revealed the role of the Correspondence to the microbial DNA profile. Dr Silvia Sookoian, Institute Design and methods Liver tissue samples from 116 gut microbiota in human health and disease, of Medical Research A Lanari, individuals, comprising of 47 NAFLD overweight or including NAFLD. However, the impact of the University of Buenos Aires moderately obese patients, 50 NAFLD morbidly obese liver tissue microbial DNA profiling on the Faculty of Medicine, Buenos disease biology remains unknown. Aires, 10109 CABA, Argentina; patients elected for bariatric surgery and 19 controls, ssookoian@ intramed. net were analysed using high- throughput 16S rRNA gene What are the new findings? Dr Carlos Jose Pirola; sequencing.
    [Show full text]
  • Pseud Omonas Syringae Pathovar Syringae Stewart Hall & Dr M Elanie
    DEC13Pathogen of the month – December 2013 a b c d e Fig. 1: Necrotic rachis (a), necrotic lesion on shoot (b), and dark spot with yellow halo on grapevine leaf (c) are characteristic symptoms of P. syringae BIR. Natural fluorescence of cultured P. syringae pv syringae (d), and gram stain showing gram negative P. syringae cells (e). Weckert - Disease: Bacterial Inflorescence Rot (BIR) syringae Classification: K: Bacteria; P: Proteobacteria; C: Gammaproteobacteria; O: Pseudomonadales; F: Pseudomonadaceae; G: Pseudomonas. Bacterial inflorescence rot (BIR) is proving to be a serious problem for the Australian wine industry. BIR is caused by the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pathovar syringae (Pss) and results in a sudden loss of young inflorescences. Once this pathogen establishes infection, it can overwinter within the plant, resulting in more harmful symptoms for later seasons. This problem has led to the severe losses of crop yields across cool climate Australian vineyards. pathovar The Pathogen: P. syringae pv. syringae (Pss) was Distribution: The first Australian report was in the Adelaide first documented as a weak pathogen to grapevine in Hills in 2000, however more recently there have been Argentina in 1976 where necrotic lesions on the confirmed reports of similar symptoms in East Gippsland, leaves and shoots were observed. The first Australian Canberra and the Hunter Valley. Although we are still report was in Adelaide 2000, with similar symptoms, unsure how the pathogen is spread from each vineyard, or however these symptoms worsened the following how widely its distribution is, it is believed that careful season (Hall McMahon, Noble, Cother and consideration should be taken by pruning crews McLintock, 2002).
    [Show full text]