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Maquetación 1 RELACIONES INTERNACIONALES RELACIONES INTERNACIONALES Es una publicación del Instituto de Relaciones Internacionales DIRECTOR - FUNDADOR: COMITÉ EDITORIAL: Norberto E. Consani Aldo Ferrer COMITÉ DE REDACCIÓN: Universidad Buenos Aires , Argentina Félix Peña Juan Alberto Rial Consejo Argentino para las Relaciones Internacionales Secretario de Redacción (CARI), Argentina Asistentes: Helio Jaguaribe Instituto de Estudios Políticos y Sociales, Mariela Cuadro Río de Janeiro, Brasil (Coordinadora Comité de Evaluadores) Gordon Mace Institut québécois des hautes études internationales, María Laura Ganganelli (Documentos) Cánada Alberto Sepúlveda Almarza Martin Cabrera (Cronología) Academia Diplomática, Chile María Elena Baquedano (Legislación) Song Xiaoping Instituto de América Latina- Academia de Ciencias Leandro Sánchez (Parlamentarias) Sociales, China José Angel Sotillo Lorenzo Federico Gómez (Política Exterior Argentina) Universidad Complutense de Madrid, España Michael Gold-Biss Julia Espósito (Jurisprudencia) Universidad Nacional de la Defensa (CHDS), Estados Unidos Luz Marina Mateo (Lecturas) Jean Pierre Ferrier Université de Paris, Francia Rangachari Narayanan Andrea Assenti del Río y Joaquín Puga (Traductores) Universidad Jawaharlal Nehru, India Medhi Zakerian Silvina Fernández Cortés (S ecretaría de Prensa) Asociación Iraní de Estudios Internacionales (AIEI), Irán María Inés Torres y Sofía López (Biblioteca) Lorenza Sebesta Centro de Excelencia Jean Monnet, Pablo Barragán (Diseño gráfico) Universidad de Bologna, Italia Kiyoshi Matsushita, Ritsumeikan University, Japón Zidane Zeraoui Calle 48 Nº 582, Piso 5º (1900) La Plata Instituto Tecnológico de Monterrey (TEC), México Rep. Argentina. Telefax: (54-221) 423-0628 Gerardo Caetano E-mail: [email protected] Universidad de la República, Uruguay Esta publicación está avalada por el Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas (CONICET) UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE LA PLATA Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales Revista Relaciones Internacionales Publicación Semestral. Instituto de Relaciones Internacionales (IRI). — Buenos Aires, Julio / Diciembre 2012. 238 p.; 16 x 23 cm. (Año 21 - nº 43) (ISSN 1515-3371) 1. Relaciones Internacionales EDITORIAL 7 ESTUDIOS 17 ¿Seguridad o defensa? Dilemas de las Fuerzas Armadas latinoamericanas en los comienzos del siglo XXI João Fábio Bertonha 19 La evolución de la institucionalidad europea: el caso del Parlamento Europeo Ignacio Bartesaghi 39 Política exterior argentina frente al conflicto palestino-israelí durante el primer gobierno de Cristina Fernández Ornela Fabani 65 Perspectiva histórica de la evolución migratoria en el ámbito de la Unión Europea Laura Bogado Bordazar 89 Bolivia, siglos XX y XXI: Pluriculturalismo, Indigenismo y Política Sonia Maria Ranincheski y Giovani José da Silva 115 Clausewitz: a guerra como instrumento de política e a intenção hostil como risco à deterioração da política e emergência da guerra absoluta Cosme Oliveira Moura Junior 139 Los desequilibrios globales, el G20 y la cooperación internacional Susana Nudelsman 155 Evolución discursiva del G8: Transformaciones ideológicas y del poder en la sociedad internacional Paul Farías 175 REFLEXIONES 191 Reflexions sur la violence Jean Pierre Ferrier 193 Malvinas: resignificar, planificar y actuar Juan Recce 197 LECTURAS 207 Las regiones polares: Estrategias, oportunidades y desafíos, de José Alejandro Consigli y Ángel Ernesto Molinari (Coordinadores) Carlos Biangardi Delgado 209 El MERCOSUR de las políticas públicas regionales, de Gerardo Caetano (Coordinador) – Varios autores Laura Bogado Bordazar 211 Tejiendo redes. Estrategias de las empresas trasnacionales asiáticas en América Latina, de Carlos Moneta y Sergio Cesarín (Editores) Luciano Lanare 214 Política Exterior, Alianza Estratégica y energía en América Latina. Las relaciones argentino-chilenas bajo la lupa, de María Elena Lorenzini Alejandro Simonoff 216 La decolonialidad de América Latina y la heterotopía de una comunidad de destino solidaria, de Paulo Henrique Martins Javier Surasky 219 RESÚMENES DE TESIS 223 Niños en conflictos armados periféricos: un análisis de la situación de Palestina, Colombia y República Democrática del Congo Thais Akemi Mikuni 225 In Memoriam del Profesor JORGE DI MASI (1964-2012) En este editorial, como lo hemos hecho en otras oportunidades, queremos reflejar las Conclusiones del Congreso en Relaciones Internacionales que se realiza cada dos años en el IRI. En esta oportunidad fue su Sexta edición El contenido de ellas muestra claramente la diversidad y la riqueza de las interven - ciones tanto nacionales como extranjeras. Contamos con la presencia de representantes de 25 países y tuvimos un significa - tivo aumento del número de Organizaciones participantes. Como en todos los Congresos anteriores, en el cierre del mismo realizamos un balance y expusimos las principales Conclusiones: En la Mesa de apertura del Congreso participaron los Profesores Carlos Escudé y Alejandro Simonoff , con la coordinación de la Profesora Anabella Busso . Las exposiciones abordaron cuestiones ligadas al “ Debate sobre la Política Exterior Argentina Reciente ”. Como lo resumió Anabella: “Alejandro Simonoff realizó un recorrido crítico sobre las distintas lecturas teórico/políticas existentes en nuestro país sobre la acción externa argentina. Por su parte, Carlos Escudé se encargó del análisis contextual y se detuvo en los cambios y ajustes acontecidos a nivel inter - nacional durante los últimos dos años examinándolos en detalle. De esta manera presentó el contexto en el cual se desarrolla la política exterior argentina. Con pos - terioridad a las exposiciones se generó un debate muy interesante con participa - ción de los expositores, la coordinadora del panel y la audiencia. También tuvo lugar una Mesa especial de la Sociedad Argentina de Análisis Políti - co (SAAP) donde destacados miembros de dicha Institución disertaron acerca de la “ Reconfiguración del orden Mundial ”. Según el Informe de la Profesora Anabella Busso (Representante del IRI en la SAAP). El panel estuvo conformado por Elsa Llenderrozas (Universidad Nacional de Bue - nos Aires – Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales), quien presentó un aná - lisis acerca de las principales transformaciones económicas y políticas que están EDITORIAL 7 teniendo lugar en el sistema internacional, destacando la centralidad de la región del Asia-Pacífico en términos de actividad económica y la tendencia hacia una marcada multipolaridad en términos políticos en el escenario internacional. Asi - mismo, presentó algunas consideraciones del lugar que ocupó América Latina en este contexto de cambio. También estuvo presente Juan Battaleme (Universidad Nacional de Buenos Aires – Universidad Argentina de la Empresa), quien centró su exposición en las principales tendencias y desafíos que, en términos de seguridad, presenta el orden mundial. En este sentido, puso el énfasis en el reacomodamien - to pero, de ninguna manera, en un cambio de orden, al menos en términos de recursos tradicionales de poder. Por su parte, Anabella disertó acerca del periodo de crisis relativa de hegemonía por el que atraviesa actualmente EE.UU., avanzan - do una descripción de este proceso y analizando cuáles son los factores político- culturales que acentúan esta tendencia. A partir de allí, reflexionó sobre los princi - pales cambios y ajustes que Washington debería implementar en su política exte - rior para mantener sus cuotas de poder. Los miembros del Departamento de América del Norte del Instituto de Relaciones Internacionales participaron de la Mesa “ Políticas exteriores en América del Norte: repercusiones en los vínculos con Argentina ”. Estuvieron presentes la coordinadora del departamento Anabella Busso (CONICET-UNR), quien analizó las tendencias que han caracterizado al vínculo entre Argentina y EE.UU. en los últimos 10 años, poniendo especial énfasis en aquellos condicionantes domésticos que actualmen - te, y en ambos países, presentan desafíos en términos de la relación bilateral. Asi - mismo, Florencia Portella (UNR) y Celina Rossa (UNR), presentaron las tendencias generales que han caracterizado históricamente la relación bilateral entre Argenti - na y México, analizando particularmente el estado actual de la misma, señalando momentos de entendimiento y de tensión tanto en el plano de las relaciones comerciales como así también en cuanto a sus posiciones en distintos espacios multilaterales. Por su parte, Emmanuel Filace (UNR), destacó la importante agen - da bilateral existente en la actualidad entre Argentina y Canadá, la cual está signa - da principalmente por la cuestión minera, como consecuencia de las crecientes inversiones de empresas canadienses en ese sector; también se refirió a las reper - cusiones políticas y sociales a nivel nacional que ha tenido el incremento de la explotación minera (Informe de Anabella Busso ). Los miembros del Departamento de América Latina y el Caribe del IRI, bajo la coor - dinación de la Mag. Laura Lucía Bogado Bordazar y la Prof. Laura Maira Bono , efectuaron las siguientes actividades: En el marco del Proyecto de Investigación “ Estrategias para la Integración en Infraes - tructura regional ”, se llevó a cabo una Mesa Especial relacionada al Fondo de Con - vergencia estructural del MERCOSUR (FOCEM). La Coordinación estuvo a cargo del Mag. Daniel Berretoni , Profesor de la Maestría en Relaciones Internacionales de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata y Coordinador del Departamento de Relaciones Económicas Internacionales del
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