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Conversion to Judaism Finnish Gerim on Giyur and Jewishness
Conversion to Judaism Finnish gerim on giyur and Jewishness Kira Zaitsev Syventävien opintojen tutkielma Afrikan ja Lähi-idän kielet Humanistinen tiedekunta Helsingin yliopisto 2019/5779 provided by Helsingin yliopiston digitaalinen arkisto View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk CORE brought to you by Tiedekunta – Fakultet – Faculty Koulutusohjelma – Utbildningsprogram – Degree Programme Humanistinen tiedekunta Kielten maisteriohjelma Opintosuunta – Studieinriktning – Study Track Afrikan ja Lähi-idän kielet Tekijä – Författare – Author Kira Zaitsev Työn nimi – Arbetets titel – Title Conversion to Judaism. Finnish gerim on giyur and Jewishness Työn laji – Aika – Datum – Month and year Sivumäärä– Sidoantal Arbetets art – Huhtikuu 2019 – Number of pages Level 43 Pro gradu Tiivistelmä – Referat – Abstract Pro graduni käsittelee suomalaisia, jotka ovat kääntyneet juutalaisiksi ilman aikaisempaa juutalaista taustaa ja perhettä. Data perustuu haastatteluihin, joita arvioin straussilaisella grounded theory-menetelmällä. Tutkimuskysymykseni ovat, kuinka nämä käännynnäiset näkevät mitä juutalaisuus on ja kuinka he arvioivat omaa kääntymistään. Tutkimuseni mukaan kääntyjän aikaisempi uskonnollinen tausta on varsin todennäköisesti epätavallinen, eikä hänellä ole merkittäviä aikaisempia juutalaisia sosiaalisia suhteita. Internetillä on kasvava rooli kääntyjän tiedonhaussa ja verkostoissa. Juutalaisuudessa kääntynyt näkee tärkeimpänä eettisyyden sekä juutalaisen lain, halakhan. Kääntymisen nähdään vahvistavan aikaisempi maailmankuva -
Judaeo-Converso Merchants in the Private Trade Between Macao and Manila in the Early Modern Period
JUDAEO-CONVERSO MERCHANTS IN THE PRIVATE TRADE BETWEEN MACAO AND MANILA IN THE EARLY MODERN PERIOD LÚCIO DE SOUSA Tokyo University of Foreign Studiesa ABSTRACT The present paper intends to contribute with new information to a reconstruction of the Sephardic presence in the Macao–Manila commer- cial network. For this purpose, in the first place, we intend to trace the pro- file of the Judaeo-converso merchants arriving in China and the Philippines and to reconstruct the commercial networks to which they belonged during the 16th and early 17th centuries. Keywords: Jewish Diaspora, commercial networks, Macao–Manila JEL Codes: N15, N16 RESUMEN El presente artículo tiene la intención de contribuircon información nueva a una reconstrucción de la presencia sefardí en la red comercial Macao– Manila. Para este fin, el trabajo rastrea el perfil de los comerciantes Judaeo- conversos que viven en China y Filipinas y reconstruye las redes comerciales a las que pertenecieron durante el siglo XVI y principios del siglo XVII. Palabras clave: Diáspora judía, redes comerciales, Macao-Manila a School of International and Area Studies, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8534, Japan. [email protected] Revista de Historia Económica, Journal of Iberian and Latin American Economic History 519 Vol. 38, No. 3: 519–552. doi:10.1017/S0212610919000260 © Instituto Figuerola, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid 2019. This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. -
The Libro Verde: Blood Fictions from Early Modern Spain
INFORMATION TO USERS The negative microfilm of this dissertation was prepared and inspected by the school granting the degree. We are using this film without further inspection or change. If there are any questions about the content, please write directly to the school. The quality of this reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original material The following explanation of techniques is provided to help clarify notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1. Manuscripts may not always be complete. When it is not possible to obtain missing pages, a note appears to indicate this. 2. When copyrighted materials are removed from the manuscript, a note ap pears to indicate this. 3. Oversize materials (maps, drawings, and charts) are photographed by sec tioning the original, beginning at the upper left hand comer and continu ing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Dissertation Information Service A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 N. Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. UMI Number: 9731534 Copyright 1997 by Beusterien, John L. All rights reserved. UMI Microform 9731534 Copyright 1997, by UMI Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Titic 17, United States Code. UMI 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, MI 48103 Reproduced with permission -
Welcomeback EIJ Rabbi Am Sckwartzman, Kevin', Hinnak And
June 2005 1 Ivar-Sivan 5765 / . Please note vow that Friday night services \begin at 6:45 pm in June, July, Temple Rodef Shalom Bulletin / and August! Welcome back June Shabbatot & Other Services Rabbi Am Sckwartzman, Shabbat Bemidbar - June 3 & 4 Numbers 1:1 - 4:2() Kevin ', Hinnak and Elianal Friday, June 3 6:45 pm Shabbat Rocks \Vor,Ii i p -ci C Saturday, June 4 9:00 am Torah Stud\ 10:30 am Shabbat Morni nt \\ oiii p , Bnot Mitzvah of Sarah \Vci nhcri: k E-V Charlotte ZoU Shabbat Naso - June 10 & 11 Numbers 6:1-7.89 Friday, June 10 Kabbi ckwartzman first 6:45 pm Erev Shabbat \Vorh p iLrvicc service hack k June 5. Saturday, June 11 EIJ 9:00 am Torah Study 10:30 am Shabbat Morinn \\orhip Bar S I it,\lh of Jicoh ihocFict Sunday, June 12 Erc\ SI1l\ not 7:30 pm Confirinit i0 i, scr IC Swzaq, June 5, 2005 0 Thursday, June 16 6:45 pm Service of "t nip h, Co mfort Pi I IciIiii A very special1 clay1 for( our 0 Temple Rodef Shalom Family Shabbat Behaalotecha-June 17 & 18 Numbers 8:1-12:/n z,,z Lt'n9ty,tii.,,uzñ ,91Lfi,z9 I I Friday, June 17 6:45 pm Ercv I Ihit \\ oiiitp c \ cc I 111cr ci\ cc Please Join Us As We: Saturday, June 18 • Vote on President-Elect & New Trustee 9:00 am Torah Study • Approve and Vote on the FY06 Budget 10:30 an Shabbat Mot 11111 1" \\oihip • Constitutional amendments and Much More! Bnai Mitzvah of Peter Berkoo it! S Stefan Gnessin 11:00 air: ' !()jCatwIi the 73eauüid 10:30 am Parallel Shabbat Morning Mmviii t 7Z.S jeel L)u,ui1i _/fle?itatio,: A Cti6ut au)m Shabbat Shelach- Lech a-June 24 & 25 Everyone is invited to celebrate this long awaited event Numbers 13:1 1:? / Please join us for a lovel dedication music Friday, June 24 6:45 pm Ere\ S/cl hHii \\ orIi p cr\ ftc n refreshments and a chance to be with your fellow congregants for this special simcha. -
The Legacy of the Inquisition in the Colonization of New Spain and New Mexico C
University of Texas at El Paso DigitalCommons@UTEP Student Papers (History) Department of History 5-11-2012 Lobos y Perros Rabiosos: The Legacy of the Inquisition in the Colonization of New Spain and New Mexico C. Michael Torres [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.utep.edu/hist_honors Comments: Master's Seminar Essay Recommended Citation Torres, C. Michael, "Lobos y Perros Rabiosos: The Legacy of the Inquisition in the Colonization of New Spain and New Mexico" (2012). Student Papers (History). Paper 2. http://digitalcommons.utep.edu/hist_honors/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of History at DigitalCommons@UTEP. It has been accepted for inclusion in Student Papers (History) by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UTEP. For more information, please contact [email protected]. LOBOS Y PERROS RABIOSOS: The Legacy of the Inquisition in the Colonization of New Spain and New Mexico Cheryl Martin, PhD. Master’s Seminar Essay May 11, 2012 C. Michael Torres 1 It is unlikely that any American elementary school student could forget the importance of the year 1492, as it immediately brings to mind explorer Christopher Columbus, his three tiny sailing ships and the daring voyage of discovery to the New World. Of no less importance was what historian Teofilo Ruiz of UCLA has called the Other 1492, the completion of the Reconquista (Reconquest) of the Moorish kingdoms in Iberia, and the expulsion of the Jews from Spain by the Catholic Monarchs Ferdinand II of Aragón, and Queen Isabella of Castile.1 These seemingly unconnected events influenced the history and economy of Spain and Europe, setting in motion the exploration, immigration, and colonization of the Americas which gave rise to Spain‟s Golden Age. -
Descendants of the Anusim (Crypto-Jews) in Contemporary Mexico
Descendants of the Anusim (Crypto-Jews) in Contemporary Mexico Slightly updated version of a Thesis for the degree of “Doctor of Philosophy” by Schulamith Chava Halevy Hebrew University 2009 © Schulamith C. Halevy 2009-2011 This work was carried out under the supervision of Professor Yom Tov Assis and Professor Shalom Sabar To my beloved Berthas In Memoriam CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................7 1.1 THE PROBLEM.................................................................................................................7 1.2 NUEVO LEÓN ............................................................................................................ 11 1.2.1 The Original Settlement ...................................................................................12 1.2.2 A Sephardic Presence ........................................................................................14 1.2.3 Local Archives.......................................................................................................15 1.3 THE CARVAJAL TRAGEDY ....................................................................................... 15 1.4 THE MEXICAN INQUISITION ............................................................................. 17 1.4.1 José Toribio Medina and Alfonso Toro.......................................................17 1.4.2 Seymour Liebman ...............................................................................................18 1.5 CRYPTO‐JUDAISM -
El Problema Converso. Una Aproximación Historiográfica (1998-2008)
EL PROBLEMA CONVERSO. UNA APROXIMACIÓN HISTORIOGRÁFICA (1998-2008) ISABEL MONTES ROMERO-CAMACHO* Resumen La aproximación historiográfica al problema converso plantea ciertas dificultades, debidas tanto al in- terés que el tema ha suscitado en su ya larga trayectoria, como a su gran carga polémica que, muchas veces, transciende los límites de la historia científica, hasta llegar a convertirse en una de las cuestiones que más han llamado la atención de los historiadores, de otros especialistas y del público ilustrado, en general. Todo ello ha dado –y sigue dando- lugar a una gran producción bibliográfica, que, por lo que respecta al periodo comprendido entre 1998-2008, hemos intentado seleccionar y reseñar de acuerdo a grandes variables, relativas tanto a los hechos, como a los hombres y a la polémica que en- frentó a judeoconversos y cristianos viejos en el tránsito de la Edad Media al Renacimiento, cuyas con- secuencias, sin duda, marcaron profundamente el devenir histórico de la España moderna. Palabras Claves Proble ma Converso, Historiografía Reciente. Polémica Abstract Th e historiographical approach to the convert problem raises some difficultuies. This is due as much to the interest that the mater has aroused during his long career, as to his great controversy which often transcends the limits of scientific history; so it has got to be one of the questions which have at- tracted more attention of the historians, specialists and the erudite public in general. All this has given and still gives-rise an important bibliographical production, which, whith regard to the period bet- ween 1998 and 2008, we have tried to select and review according the great variables. -
1492 Reconsidered: Religious and Social Change in Fifteenth Century Ávila
1492 RECONSIDERED: RELIGIOUS AND SOCIAL CHANGE IN FIFTEENTH CENTURY ÁVILA by Carolyn Salomons A dissertation submitted to Johns Hopkins University in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Baltimore, Maryland May 2014 © 2014 Carolyn Salomons All Rights Reserved Abstract This dissertation is an assessment of the impact of the expulsion of the Jews from Spain in 1492 on the city of Ávila, in northwestern Castile. The expulsion was the culmination of a series of policies set forth by Isabel I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon regarding Jewish-Christian relations. The monarchs invoked these policies in order to bolster the faith and religious praxis of Catholics in the kingdoms, especially those Catholics newly converted from Judaism. My work shows how the implementation of these strategies began to fracture the heretofore relatively convivial relations between the confessional groups residing in Ávila. A key component of the Crown’s policies was the creation of a Jewish quarter in the city, where previously, Jews had lived wherever they chose. This transformation of a previously shared civic place to one demarcated clearly by religious affiliation, i.e. the creation of both Jewish and Christian space, had a visceral impact on how Christians related to their former neighbors, and hostilities between the two communities increased in the closing decades of the fifteenth century. Yet at the same time, Jewish appeals to the Crown for assistance in the face of harassment and persecution were almost always answered positively, with the Crown intervening several times on behalf of their Jewish subjects. This seemingly incongruous attitude reveals a key component in the relationship between the Crown and Jews: the “royal alliance.” My work also details how invoking that alliance came at the expense of the horizontal alliances between Abulense Jews and Christians, and only fostered antagonism between the confessional groups. -
Iberian Jewish Identities After 1492
118 | Iberian Jewish identities after 1492 Marianna D. Birnbaum Original scientific paper UDK 26-054.73(46)“654“ Abstract The author investigates the types of Iberian Jewish and “ converso ” identities that emerged and evolved during the century that followed the Edict of 1492. Based on their life choices, the author discusses the fates of those who converted and stayed on the Peninsula, of those who, as New Christians, tried their luck elsewhere but remained secret Jews, and of those who returned to Judaism and shared the fate of their co-religionists in Europe and, finally, of those who migrated to the Ottoman Empire where they could enjoy more freedom and greater prosperity than in Christian Europe. Keywords : Jewish refugees, Mendes/Nasi Whereas in Antiquity and in the early Middle-Ages, the notion of exile meant the expulsion of Jews from their ancient homeland after the destruction of the Second Temple, by the sixteenth century , golah (exile) came to signify their forced separation from the Iberian Peninsula and their living in Diaspora communities (Koryakina 2015: 75-84). In my paper, I shall identify five distinct groups, and their activities, as aspects of the Sephardic (i.e. Iberian) Jewish identity, culled from documents and other sources relating to their lives and careers during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The first group consists of Jews who converted either in 1492 in Spain, or in successive waves between 1391 and 1492, and in a single act of forced baptism in 1479, in Portugal, in order to avoid expulsion from their homeland. Many of them were “ anusim ” (i.e. -
Conversos and the Spanish Inquisition
Conversos and the Spanish Inquisition By David M. Gitlitz University of Rhode Island (edited from an interview by David Rabinovitch) The End of Tolerance Spain had an enormous Jewish community in the middle ages and toward the end of the 14th century large numbers of them were converted to Catholicism. A “converso” is literally someone who was formerly Jewish and is now Catholic. They converted for all kinds of reasons. Some of them were forced; some of them went willingly into Catholicism. The term converso was applied not only to the generation that converted but also to their children and their grandchildren and on down through the generations. In 1391 there were terrible riots sweeping across southern Spain. People were offered the choice of converting or being killed. Some 20,000 converted under those circumstances. They had no intention of becoming Catholic. They were not educated in Catholicism and they went on living their Jewish lives as they wanted. Twenty years later there were a series of preaching campaigns run by the Dominicans, which converted many tens of thousands of Jews, largely by persuasion. These people were interested in becoming Catholic, of joining the mainstream Catholic society, and they were given open access to jobs and to possibilities that they’d never had before. By the time the Inquisition was founded, a couple of gen- erations later, there were the children and grandchildren of people who had been converted with no intention of becom- ing Catholics and others who had, who were the grandchildren of people who were trying very hard to put their Jewish past behind them - all of them in extended families with people who were still Jewish. -
The Writings of the Converted Jews of Medieval Spain
THE AMBIVALENT CONVERSO CONDITION. A REVIEW-ARTICLE OF THE EVOLUTION OF CONVERSO LITERATURE: THE WRITINGS OF THE CONVERTED JEWS OF MEDIEVAL SPAIN E. Michael Gerli University of Virginia he pivotal role played by conversos (Christians who descended from Jews, or who were themselves recently converted from TJudaism) in Medieval and early modern Spanish culture is undeniable, particularly in the fifteenth century. Although in Iberia Jews had converted to Christianity throughout the Middle Ages, it was in the fifteenth century in the kingdoms of Castile and Aragón that conversions became widespread, both cause and consequence of profound social, political, and cultural change. Estimates of the number of conversions in Castile during the fifteenth century range from a conservative figure of 300,000 (Domínguez Ortiz 141) to a startling one of 600,000-700,000 (Netanyahu 234-45). Whichever number one chooses, however, it is clear that by the middle of the fifteenth century Castile had emerged as a Christian-converso kingdom whose population was confronted daily with vital questions of religious and cultural change and social, as well as personal identity. The conversos, especially in the period from 1391 up to the promulgation of the Toledo statutes on purity of blood on June 5, 1449, constituted a large, new, socially ambiguous group in Castilian life. Given their tenuous circumstances, they and their immediate descendants were, as a result of conversion, faced with the problematic of belonging—of assimilation, social transformation, and recognition by their “Old” Christian coreligionists. Contrary to medieval Jews who lived as outsiders and formed part of a corporate body consisting of a group of permanent ‘others’ that existed detached from the Christian community, conversos were faced with the dilemma of forging strategies to overcome their forebears’ traditional condition of estrangement: to find ways in which to craft and negotiate new identities of likeness rather than divergence. -
RETURN My 50-Year Search for My Jewish Self, Identity and Heritage
Tudo se ilumina para ...alumia-vos e aponta- aquêle que busca la luz. vos o cominho BEN-ROSH HALAPID BEN-ROSH Volume IX FALL 2002 Issue 4 RETURN CONFERENCE 2002—SAN DIEGO My 50-year Search for My Jewish Self, Information, Music and Inspiration Identity and Heritage in Paradise By Steve Gomes By Max Valerio This year marks the celebration of my first Rosh Hashanah as This year the Society's 2002 conference took place in San Die- a Jew! When I entered the mikveh, or ritual bath, at the Uni- go, where the light and climate are just this side of paradise! versity of Judaism in Los Angeles before a Beit Din, or rabbin- The Conference was rich with information and many voices ical court, it was the single defining moment of my life. It is added to the growing knowledge that we have about crypto difficult to Judaism and Sephardic culture. describe in Pre-Conference Talks and Activities words what There were extensive pre-conference activities, coordi- happened nated by Rabbi David Kunin, all taking place at Congregation on that day, Ohr Shalom, a San Diego Synagogue. These included a Se- Monday, phardic dinner and Shabbat service featuring Sephardic Shab- March 25, bat melodies. A series of talks was also given featuring Seth 2002 (12 Kunin, and Stanley Hordes, as well as an informative and live- Nisan 5765) ly talk by Enrique Lombrozo, “The Crypto Jews and the Con- when Ste- quistador.” phen The Conference Begins Gomes, a Sunday evening the conference began officially with Portuguese- greetings by President, Arthur Benveniste; Conference Chair, American Gloria Trujillo, Program Chair Stanley Hordes.