Bangor University MASTERS by RESEARCH Survival of Brenneria
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University of California Santa Cruz Responding to An
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SANTA CRUZ RESPONDING TO AN EMERGENT PLANT PEST-PATHOGEN COMPLEX ACROSS SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL SCALES A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES with an emphasis in ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY by Shannon Colleen Lynch December 2020 The Dissertation of Shannon Colleen Lynch is approved: Professor Gregory S. Gilbert, chair Professor Stacy M. Philpott Professor Andrew Szasz Professor Ingrid M. Parker Quentin Williams Acting Vice Provost and Dean of Graduate Studies Copyright © by Shannon Colleen Lynch 2020 TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables iv List of Figures vii Abstract x Dedication xiii Acknowledgements xiv Chapter 1 – Introduction 1 References 10 Chapter 2 – Host Evolutionary Relationships Explain 12 Tree Mortality Caused by a Generalist Pest– Pathogen Complex References 38 Chapter 3 – Microbiome Variation Across a 66 Phylogeographic Range of Tree Hosts Affected by an Emergent Pest–Pathogen Complex References 110 Chapter 4 – On Collaborative Governance: Building Consensus on 180 Priorities to Manage Invasive Species Through Collective Action References 243 iii LIST OF TABLES Chapter 2 Table I Insect vectors and corresponding fungal pathogens causing 47 Fusarium dieback on tree hosts in California, Israel, and South Africa. Table II Phylogenetic signal for each host type measured by D statistic. 48 Table SI Native range and infested distribution of tree and shrub FD- 49 ISHB host species. Chapter 3 Table I Study site attributes. 124 Table II Mean and median richness of microbiota in wood samples 128 collected from FD-ISHB host trees. Table III Fungal endophyte-Fusarium in vitro interaction outcomes. -
Table S4. Phylogenetic Distribution of Bacterial and Archaea Genomes in Groups A, B, C, D, and X
Table S4. Phylogenetic distribution of bacterial and archaea genomes in groups A, B, C, D, and X. Group A a: Total number of genomes in the taxon b: Number of group A genomes in the taxon c: Percentage of group A genomes in the taxon a b c cellular organisms 5007 2974 59.4 |__ Bacteria 4769 2935 61.5 | |__ Proteobacteria 1854 1570 84.7 | | |__ Gammaproteobacteria 711 631 88.7 | | | |__ Enterobacterales 112 97 86.6 | | | | |__ Enterobacteriaceae 41 32 78.0 | | | | | |__ unclassified Enterobacteriaceae 13 7 53.8 | | | | |__ Erwiniaceae 30 28 93.3 | | | | | |__ Erwinia 10 10 100.0 | | | | | |__ Buchnera 8 8 100.0 | | | | | | |__ Buchnera aphidicola 8 8 100.0 | | | | | |__ Pantoea 8 8 100.0 | | | | |__ Yersiniaceae 14 14 100.0 | | | | | |__ Serratia 8 8 100.0 | | | | |__ Morganellaceae 13 10 76.9 | | | | |__ Pectobacteriaceae 8 8 100.0 | | | |__ Alteromonadales 94 94 100.0 | | | | |__ Alteromonadaceae 34 34 100.0 | | | | | |__ Marinobacter 12 12 100.0 | | | | |__ Shewanellaceae 17 17 100.0 | | | | | |__ Shewanella 17 17 100.0 | | | | |__ Pseudoalteromonadaceae 16 16 100.0 | | | | | |__ Pseudoalteromonas 15 15 100.0 | | | | |__ Idiomarinaceae 9 9 100.0 | | | | | |__ Idiomarina 9 9 100.0 | | | | |__ Colwelliaceae 6 6 100.0 | | | |__ Pseudomonadales 81 81 100.0 | | | | |__ Moraxellaceae 41 41 100.0 | | | | | |__ Acinetobacter 25 25 100.0 | | | | | |__ Psychrobacter 8 8 100.0 | | | | | |__ Moraxella 6 6 100.0 | | | | |__ Pseudomonadaceae 40 40 100.0 | | | | | |__ Pseudomonas 38 38 100.0 | | | |__ Oceanospirillales 73 72 98.6 | | | | |__ Oceanospirillaceae -
Synthesis of Country Progress Reports
INTERNATIONAL POPLAR COMMISSION 22nd Session Santiago, Chile, 29 November – 9 December 2004 THE CONTRIBUTION OF POPLARS AND WILLOWS TO SUSTAINABLE FORESTRY AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT Synthesis of Country Progress Reports Activities Related to Poplar and Willow Cultivation and Utilization, 2000 through 2003 November 2004 Forest Resources Development Service Working Paper IPC/3 Forest Resources Division FAO, Rome, Italy Forestry Department Disclaimer Twenty one member countries of the IPC, and the Russian Federation, a non-member country, have provided national progress reports to the 22nd Session of the International Poplar Commission. A synthesis has been made by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and summarizes issues, highlights status and identifies trends affecting cultivation, management and utilization of Poplars and Willows in temperate and boreal regions of the world. Comments and feedback are welcome. For further information please contact: Mr. Jim Carle Secretary International Poplar Commission Technical Statutory Body Forestry Department Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) Viale delle Terme di Caracalla I-00100 Rome ITALY E-mail: [email protected] For quotation: FAO, November 2004. Synthesis of Country Progress Reports received prepared for the 22nd Session of the International Poplar Commission, jointly hosted by FAO and the National Poplar Commissions of Chile and Argentina; Santiago, Chile, 29 November – 2 December, 2004. International Poplar Commission Working Paper IPC/3. Forest Resources Division, FAO, Rome (unpublished). Web references: For details relating to the International Poplar Commission as a Technical Statutory Body of FAO including National Poplar Commissions, working parties and initiatives can be viewed on http://www.fao.org/forestry/ipc and highlights of the 22nd Session of the International Poplar Commission, 2004 can be viewed on http://www.fao.org/forestry/ipc2004. -
Diversity of Pectobacteriaceae Species in Potato Growing Regions in Northern Morocco
microorganisms Article Diversity of Pectobacteriaceae Species in Potato Growing Regions in Northern Morocco Saïd Oulghazi 1,2, Mohieddine Moumni 1, Slimane Khayi 3 ,Kévin Robic 2,4, Sohaib Sarfraz 5, Céline Lopez-Roques 6,Céline Vandecasteele 6 and Denis Faure 2,* 1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismaïl University, 50000 Meknes, Morocco; [email protected] (S.O.); [email protected] (M.M.) 2 Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; [email protected] 3 Biotechnology Research Unit, CRRA-Rabat, National Institut for Agricultural Research (INRA), 10101 Rabat, Morocco; [email protected] 4 National Federation of Seed Potato Growers (FN3PT-RD3PT), 75008 Paris, France 5 Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad Sub-Campus Depalpur, 38000 Okara, Pakistan; [email protected] 6 INRA, US 1426, GeT-PlaGe, Genotoul, 31320 Castanet-Tolosan, France; [email protected] (C.L.-R.); [email protected] (C.V.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 28 April 2020; Accepted: 9 June 2020; Published: 13 June 2020 Abstract: Dickeya and Pectobacterium pathogens are causative agents of several diseases that affect many crops worldwide. This work investigated the species diversity of these pathogens in Morocco, where Dickeya pathogens have only been isolated from potato fields recently. To this end, samplings were conducted in three major potato growing areas over a three-year period (2015–2017). Pathogens were characterized by sequence determination of both the gapA gene marker and genomes using Illumina and Oxford Nanopore technologies. -
Brenneria Goodwinii Sp. Nov., a Novel Species Associated with Acute Oak Decline in Britain Sandra Denman1*, Carrie Brady2, Susan
1 Brenneria goodwinii sp. nov., a novel species associated with Acute Oak Decline in 2 Britain 3 4 Sandra Denman1*, Carrie Brady2, Susan Kirk1, Ilse Cleenwerck2, Stephanus Venter3, Teresa 5 Coutinho3 and Paul De Vos2 6 7 1Forest Research, Centre for Forestry and Climate Change, Alice Holt Lodge, Farnham, 8 Surrey, GU10 4LH, United Kingdom 9 10 2BCCM/LMG Bacteria Collection, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 11 Ghent, Belgium. 12 13 3Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology 14 Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa 15 16 *Corresponding author: 17 email: [email protected] 18 Tel: +441420 22255 Fax: +441420 23653 19 20 Running title: Brenneria goodwinii, sp. nov. on Quercus spp. 21 22 Note: The GenBank/EMBL accession numbers for the sequences determined in this study 23 are: JN544202 – JN544204 (16S rRNA), JN544205 – JN544213 (atpD), JN544214 – 24 JN544222 (gyrB), JN544223 – JN544231 (infB) and JN544232 – JN544240 (rpoB). 25 26 ABSTRACT 27 A group of nine Gram-negative staining, facultatively anaerobic bacterial strains isolated 28 from native oak trees displaying symptoms of Acute Oak Decline (AOD) in Britain were 29 investigated using a polyphasic approach. 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic 30 analysis revealed that these isolates form a distinct lineage within the genus Brenneria, 31 family Enterobacteriaceae, and are most closely related to Brenneria rubrifaciens (97.6 % 32 sequence similarity). MLSA based on four housekeeping genes (gyrB, rpoB, infB and atpD) 33 confirmed their position within the genus Brenneria, while DNA-DNA hybridization 34 indicated that the isolates belong to a single taxon. -
Tsetse Fly Evolution, Genetics and the Trypanosomiases - a Review E
Entomology Publications Entomology 10-2018 Tsetse fly evolution, genetics and the trypanosomiases - A review E. S. Krafsur Iowa State University, [email protected] Ian Maudlin The University of Edinburgh Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ent_pubs Part of the Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons, Entomology Commons, Genetics Commons, and the Parasitic Diseases Commons The ompc lete bibliographic information for this item can be found at https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ ent_pubs/546. For information on how to cite this item, please visit http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ howtocite.html. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Entomology at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Entomology Publications by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Tsetse fly evolution, genetics and the trypanosomiases - A review Abstract This reviews work published since 2007. Relative efforts devoted to the agents of African trypanosomiasis and their tsetse fly vectors are given by the numbers of PubMed accessions. In the last 10 years PubMed citations number 3457 for Trypanosoma brucei and 769 for Glossina. The development of simple sequence repeats and single nucleotide polymorphisms afford much higher resolution of Glossina and Trypanosoma population structures than heretofore. Even greater resolution is offered by partial and whole genome sequencing. Reproduction in T. brucei sensu lato is principally clonal although genetic recombination in tsetse salivary glands has been demonstrated in T. b. brucei and T. b. rhodesiense but not in T. b. -
Characterization of Pectobacterium Strains Causing Soft Rot and Blackleg of Potato in Finland
Department of Agricultural Sciences University of Helsinki Finland Characterization of Pectobacterium strains causing soft rot and blackleg of potato in Finland Miia Pasanen ACADEMIC DISSERTATION To be presented, with the permission of the Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry of the University of Helsinki, for public examination in the Athena room 166, Siltavuorenpenger 3A, Helsinki, on 14th October 2020, at 12 noon. Helsinki 2020 Supervisor: Docent Minna Pirhonen Department of Agricultural Sciences University of Helsinki, Finland Follow-up group: Professor Jari Valkonen Department of Agricultural Sciences University of Helsinki, Finland Docent Kim Yrjälä Department of Forest Sciences University of Helsinki, Finland Reviewers: Professor Paula Persson Department of Crop Production Ecology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden Research Director Marie-Anne Barny Institut d’Ecologie et des Sciences de l’Environnement Sorbonne Université, France Opponent: Professor Martin Romantschuk Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Helsinki, Finland Custos: Professor Paula Elomaa Department of Agricultural Sciences University of Helsinki, Finland ISNN 2342-5423 (Print) ISNN 2342-5431 (Online) ISBN 978-951-51-6666-1 (Paperback) ISBN 978-951-51-6667-8 (PDF) http://ethesis.helsinki.fi Unigrafia 2020 CONTENTS ABSTRACT .………………………………………………………………………………………. 1 LIST OF ORIGINAL PUBLICATIONS ………………………………………………………….. 3 ABBREVIATIONS ………..………………………………………………………………………. 4 1. INTRODUCTION …………………………….………………………………………………… 5 1.1. SOFT ROT AND BLACKLEG OF POTATO CAUSED BY PECTOBACTERIUM SPECIES ………..…………………………………………………..………………. 5 1.1.1. Symptoms on potato ..…………………………………………………. 5 1.1.2. Virulence proteins and their secretion ………...……………………… 6 1.1.3. Quorum sensing in Pectobacteria ..…………………………………... 7 1.1.4. Spreading and survival of Pectobacteria …..………………………… 9 1.1.5. Control strategies of Pectobacterium species ……………………….10 1.2. TAXONOMY OF PECTOBACTERIUM SPECIES …...…….…………………...12 1.2.1. -
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REAL-TIME PCR DETECTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF A BIOASSAY FOR THE DEEP BARK CANKER PATHOGEN, BRENNERIA RUBRIFACIENS Ali E. McClean, Padma Sudarshana, and Daniel A. Kluepfel ABSTRACT Deep Bark Canker (DBC), caused by the bacterium Brenneria rubrifaciens afflicts English walnut cultivars and is characterized by late onset of symptoms in trees greater than 15 years old. These symptoms include deep bleeding vertical cankers along the trunk and larger branches that exude a bacterial-laden reddish brown sap. B. rubrifaciens produces a unique water-soluble red pigment called rubrifacine when cultured in the laboratory. Here we describe the new primer pair, BR-1 and BR-3 that amplify a unique 409bp region of the 16S rDNA sequence that facilitates the sensitive and specific detection of B. rubrifaciens. Using these primers in a realtime-PCR system we were able to detect as few as 8 B. rubrifaciens colony forming units (CFU). A survey of 11 antibiotics revealed that B. rubrifaciens is resistant to erythromycin and novobiocin at 10 mg/L and 30 mg/L respectively. Amending the cultivation medium with these antibiotics has improved the semi-selective cultivation of B. rubrifaciens on solid media. Both walnut cultivars, Hartley and Chandler, grown in tissue culture are susceptible to infection by B. rubrifaciens. With in 21 days after inoculation Hartley shoots turned necrotic and died. Chandler shoots exhibited a similar phenotytpe 10wk after inoculation. This latter finding will be useful in our search for Brennaria genes involved in pathogenesis and the identification of walnut genotypes resistant to deep bark canker. OBJECTIVES 1. Develop sensitive and species-specific DNA primers for use in a PCR based-detection system for Brenneria rubrifaciens. -
Review Bacterial Blackleg Disease and R&D Gaps with a Focus on The
Final Report Review Bacterial Blackleg Disease and R&D Gaps with a Focus on the Potato Industry Project leader: Dr Len Tesoriero Delivery partner: Crop Doc Consulting Pty Ltd Project code: PT18000 Hort Innovation – Final Report Project: Review Bacterial Blackleg Disease and R&D Gaps with a Focus on the Potato Industry – PT18000 Disclaimer: Horticulture Innovation Australia Limited (Hort Innovation) makes no representations and expressly disclaims all warranties (to the extent permitted by law) about the accuracy, completeness, or currency of information in this Final Report. Users of this Final Report should take independent action to confirm any information in this Final Report before relying on that information in any way. Reliance on any information provided by Hort Innovation is entirely at your own risk. Hort Innovation is not responsible for, and will not be liable for, any loss, damage, claim, expense, cost (including legal costs) or other liability arising in any way (including from Hort Innovation or any other person’s negligence or otherwise) from your use or non‐use of the Final Report or from reliance on information contained in the Final Report or that Hort Innovation provides to you by any other means. Funding statement: This project has been funded by Hort Innovation, using the fresh potato and processed potato research and development levy and contributions from the Australian Government. Hort Innovation is the grower‐owned, not‐ for‐profit research and development corporation for Australian horticulture. Publishing details: -
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology (2016), 66, 5575–5599 DOI 10.1099/Ijsem.0.001485
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology (2016), 66, 5575–5599 DOI 10.1099/ijsem.0.001485 Genome-based phylogeny and taxonomy of the ‘Enterobacteriales’: proposal for Enterobacterales ord. nov. divided into the families Enterobacteriaceae, Erwiniaceae fam. nov., Pectobacteriaceae fam. nov., Yersiniaceae fam. nov., Hafniaceae fam. nov., Morganellaceae fam. nov., and Budviciaceae fam. nov. Mobolaji Adeolu,† Seema Alnajar,† Sohail Naushad and Radhey S. Gupta Correspondence Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Radhey S. Gupta L8N 3Z5, Canada [email protected] Understanding of the phylogeny and interrelationships of the genera within the order ‘Enterobacteriales’ has proven difficult using the 16S rRNA gene and other single-gene or limited multi-gene approaches. In this work, we have completed comprehensive comparative genomic analyses of the members of the order ‘Enterobacteriales’ which includes phylogenetic reconstructions based on 1548 core proteins, 53 ribosomal proteins and four multilocus sequence analysis proteins, as well as examining the overall genome similarity amongst the members of this order. The results of these analyses all support the existence of seven distinct monophyletic groups of genera within the order ‘Enterobacteriales’. In parallel, our analyses of protein sequences from the ‘Enterobacteriales’ genomes have identified numerous molecular characteristics in the forms of conserved signature insertions/deletions, which are specifically shared by the members of the identified clades and independently support their monophyly and distinctness. Many of these groupings, either in part or in whole, have been recognized in previous evolutionary studies, but have not been consistently resolved as monophyletic entities in 16S rRNA gene trees. The work presented here represents the first comprehensive, genome- scale taxonomic analysis of the entirety of the order ‘Enterobacteriales’. -
Characterization and Genome Structure of Virulent Phage Espm4vn to Control Enterobacter Sp
fmicb-11-00885 May 30, 2020 Time: 19:18 # 1 ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 03 June 2020 doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00885 Characterization and Genome Structure of Virulent Phage EspM4VN to Control Enterobacter sp. M4 Isolated From Plant Soft Rot Nguyen Cong Thanh1,2, Yuko Nagayoshi1, Yasuhiro Fujino1, Kazuhiro Iiyama3, Naruto Furuya3, Yasuaki Hiromasa4, Takeo Iwamoto5 and Katsumi Doi1* 1 Microbial Genetics Division, Institute of Genetic Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan, 2 Plant Protection Research Institute, Hanoi, Vietnam, 3 Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan, 4 Attached Promotive Center for International Education and Research of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan, 5 Core Research Facilities for Basic Science, Research Center for Medical Sciences, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan Enterobacter sp. M4 and other bacterial strains were isolated from plant soft rot disease. Virulent phages such as EspM4VN isolated from soil are trending biological controls for Edited by: plant disease. This phage has an icosahedral head (100 nm in diameter), a neck, and a Robert Czajkowski, University of Gdansk,´ Poland contractile sheath (100 nm long and 18 nm wide). It belongs to the Ackermannviridae Reviewed by: family and resembles Shigella phage Ag3 and Dickeya phages JA15 and XF4. We report ◦ ◦ Konstantin Anatolievich herein that EspM4VN was stable from 10 C to 50 C and pH 4 to 10 but deactivated Miroshnikov, at 70◦C and pH 3 and 12. This phage formed clear plaques only on Enterobacter sp. Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry (RAS), Russia M4 among tested bacterial strains. -
Aerobic Bacterial Community of the Rice Striped Stem Borer: a Step Towards Finding Bacterial Candidates for Paratransgenesis and Rnai Control
Int J Plant Anim Environ Sci 2021; 11 (3): 485-502 DOI: 10.26502/ijpaes.202117 Research Article Aerobic Bacterial Community of the Rice Striped Stem Borer: A Step towards Finding Bacterial Candidates for Paratransgenesis and RNAi Control Abbas Heydari1, Mohammad Ali Oshaghi2*, Alireza Nazari1, Mansoureh Shayeghi2, Elham Sanatgar1, Nayyereh Choubdar2, Mona Koosha2, Fateh Karimian2 1Department of Entomology, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran 2Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran *Corresponding Author: Mohammad Ali Oshaghi, Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Received: 26 July 2021; Accepted: 03 August 2021; Published: 25 August 2021 Citation: Abbas Heydari, Mohammad Ali Oshaghi, Alireza Nazari, Mansoureh Shayeghi, Elham Sanatgar, Nayyereh Choubdar, Mona Koosha, Fateh Karimian. Aerobic Bacterial Community of the Rice Striped Stem Borer: A Step towards Finding Bacterial Candidates for Paratransgenesis and RNAi Control. International Journal of Plant, Animal and Environmental Sciences 11 (2021): 485-502. Abstract new tools that are not available today. Here, we focus It is recognized that insects have close associations on the aerobic bacterial community of the pest, to with a wide variety of microorganisms, which play a seek candidates for paratransgenesis or RNAi vital role in the insect's ecology and evolution. The biocontrol of C. suppressalis. Culture-dependent rice striped stem borer, Chilo suppressalis, has PCR-direct sequencing was used to characterize the economic importance at the global level. With the midgut bacterial communities of C.suppressalis at development of insecticide resistance, it is widely different life stages, collected in northern Iran, both recognized that control of this pest is likely to need from rice plants and from weeds on which the insect International Journal of Plant, Animal and Environmental Sciences Vol.