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Knut Døscher Master.Pdf (1.728Mb)
Knut Kristian Langva Døscher German Reprisals in Norway During the Second World War Master’s thesis in Historie Supervisor: Jonas Scherner Trondheim, May 2017 Norwegian University of Science and Technology Preface and acknowledgements The process for finding the topic I wanted to write about for my master's thesis was a long one. It began with narrowing down my wide field of interests to the Norwegian resistance movement. This was done through several discussions with professors at the historical institute of NTNU. Via further discussions with Frode Færøy, associate professor at The Norwegian Home Front Museum, I got it narrowed down to reprisals, and the cases and questions this thesis tackles. First, I would like to thank my supervisor, Jonas Scherner, for his guidance throughout the process of writing my thesis. I wish also to thank Frode Færøy, Ivar Kraglund and the other helpful people at the Norwegian Home Front Museum for their help in seeking out previous research and sources, and providing opportunity to discuss my findings. I would like to thank my mother, Gunvor, for her good help in reading through the thesis, helping me spot repetitions, and providing a helpful discussion partner. Thanks go also to my girlfriend, Sigrid, for being supportive during the entire process, and especially towards the end. I would also like to thank her for her help with form and syntax. I would like to thank Joachim Rønneberg, for helping me establish the source of some of the information regarding the aftermath of the heavy water raid. I also thank Berit Nøkleby for her help with making sense of some contradictory claims by various sources. -
02 Barren States
02 ChildrenWW2 12/5/05 5:14 pm Page 71 –4– Meant to be Deported Lars Borgersrud In Norway, World War II resulted in 10,000–12,000 children of German fathers and Norwegian mothers. During the first months after the end of the war, Norwegian political authorities took on what they saw as an urgent task: to develop a judicial framework to regulate the national status and citizenship of these chil- dren, officially labelled ‘war children’. This chapter aims to describe the process through which their national status and citizenship was established and to outline some important effects of that process on the condition of war children’s upbringing. The process started with a proposal to deport the children, a proposal which influenced events in significant ways, even if it was not carried out. The social-affairs authorities were faced with acute problems when thousands of single mothers and their children were left without any means of support once the German administration was dismantled after the armistice. However, when the topic of war children and their mothers was raised in the press and in public opinion, concerns for their maintenance were seldom voiced. Rather, the discus- sion was characterized by massive demands that the children and their mothers be deported to Germany, their real fatherland. Many senior civil servants and politi- cians held similar opinions. However, several practical and moral problems made such a plan difficult to implement. To present proposals as to what should be done, the Norwegian government appointed a fast-track committee, the War Child Committee. -
Persecution, Collaboration, Resistance
Münsteraner Schriften zur zeitgenössischen Musik 5 Ina Rupprecht (ed.) Persecution, Collaboration, Resistance Music in the ›Reichskommissariat Norwegen‹ (1940–45) Münsteraner Schrift en zur zeitgenössischen Musik Edited by Michael Custodis Volume 5 Ina Rupprecht (ed.) Persecution, Collaboration, Resistance Music in the ‘Reichskommissariat Norwegen’ (1940–45) Waxmann 2020 Münster x New York The publication was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft , the Grieg Research Centre and the Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster as well as the Open Access Publication Fund of the University of Münster. Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Th e Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografi e; detailed bibliographic data are available in the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de Münsteraner Schrift en zur zeitgenössischen Musik, Volume 5 Print-ISBN 978-3-8309-4130-9 E-Book-ISBN 978-3-8309-9130-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31244/9783830991304 CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 Waxmann Verlag GmbH, 2020 Steinfurter Straße 555, 48159 Münster www.waxmann.com [email protected] Cover design: Pleßmann Design, Ascheberg Cover pictures: © Hjemmefrontarkivet, HA HHI DK DECA_0001_44, saddle of sources regarding the Norwegian resistance; Riksarkivet, Oslo, RA/RAFA-3309/U 39A/ 4/4-7, img 197, Atlantic Presse- bilderdienst 12. February 1942: Th e newly appointed Norwegian NS prime minister Vidkun Quisling (on the right) and Reichskomissar Josef Terboven (on the left ) walking along the front of an honorary -
Why Adolf Hitler Spared the Judges: Judicial Opposition Against the Nazi State
The rule of law, constitutionalism and the judiciary Why Adolf Hitler Spared the Judges: Judicial Opposition Against the Nazi State By Hans Petter Graver Abstract The Nazi regime had loyal judges who willingly transformed the liberal German law into an instrument of oppression, discrimination and genocide. This was achieved without substantially interfering with the operation of the courts and without applying disciplinary measures on the judges. But, not all judges were congenial servants of the regime—some resisted in their capacity as judges. Based on case-studies and existing literature, this Article distinguishes between two different lines of judicial opposition to those in power: Between opposition taking place in the open and opposition in secret, and between opposition within what is accepted by those in power as being within the law and opposition that is in breach of the law. The Article then seeks to explain the deference the regime gave to judicial by employing institutional theory and the concept of path dependence. Germany was deeply embedded in the Western legal tradition of emphasis on law as an autonomous institution with an independent judiciary. Dr. Hans Petter Graver is a Professor and previous Dean at the University of Oslo. The author would like to thank Stephen Skinner, David Fraser, and Dina Townsend for their helpful comments. The article is based on a public lecture held at St. Mary’s College, Durham UK, while the author was a fellow at the Institute of Advanced Study, University of Durham from October to December 2016. 846 German Law Journal Vol. 19 No. 04 A. -
Nasjonal Samlings Bruk Av Ritualer Og Historiske Symboler 1933-45
PÅ NASJONAL GRUNN - Nasjonal Samlings bruk av ritualer og historiske symboler 1933-45 Masteroppgave i samtidshistorie ved Institutt for arkeologi, konservering og historie, Historisk filosofisk fakultet, Universitetet i Oslo, levert av Jimi Thaule, våren 2007 1 Forord Først og fremst vil jeg takke min veileder Øystein Sørensen, både for uvurderlig hjelp i skriveprosessen, hjelp med å finne det nødvendige materialet og for å ha hjulpet meg å finne den rette vinklingen på temaet. Jeg vil også takke Hans Fredrik Dahl som hjalp meg å finne litteratur om Nasjonal Samlings medievirksomhet og kultursyn. Jeg vil i tillegg takke Janne Waage Berset og Sissel Eun Kyung Aune for den støtten de har gitt meg, og for å ha lest gjennom oppgaven og kommet med spørsmål, tips og rettelser. En takk også til Radioarkivet ved NRK som har hjulpet meg med både stoff og oppmuntringer underveis. Jeg vil også nevne det slovenske industribandet Laibach, som gjennom sin "retrogardisme" vekket min interesse for autoritær symbolbruk og estetikk. Til slutt vil jeg også rette en stor takk til mine besteforeldre, Liv og Laurids Pedersen, som gjennom oppmuntringer og støtte gjennom mange år har gjort meg i stand til å gjennomføre studiene. Denne oppgaven hadde vært umulig å skrive uten dem. 2 Innholdsfortegnelse 1 Innledning 5 1.1 Tema og problemstilling 5 1.2 Metode og definisjoner 7 1.3 Hvorfor symboler og ritualer 13 1.4 Utvalg av møter 13 2 Historiesynet i Nasjonal Samling 15 2.1 Historiske røtter 15 2.2 Fascistiske myter 18 2.3 Nasjonal kontinuitet 23 2.4 Raseideologi 24 3 Perioden 1933-1940 26 3.1 Møter i perioden 26 3.2 Tidlige aktiviteter 27 3.3 Partiprogrammet fremlegges 29 3.4 Det 2. -
Viktorgruppa En Studie Av Norske Frontkjemperes Flukt Fra Rettsoppgjøret I 1945
Viktorgruppa En studie av norske frontkjemperes flukt fra rettsoppgjøret i 1945 Erik Øien Masteroppgave HIS4090 60 studiepoeng Institutt for arkeologi, konservering og historie Humanistisk fakultet Universitet i Oslo VÅR 2019 Etter at freden kom til Norge i 1945, ble tusenvis av nordmenn tiltalt for landssvik og satt inn i fengsel og fangeleire. Dette er historien om de første som rømte, om deres svenske medhjelpere og hvordan de organiserte ei fluktrute gjennom Skandinavia med mål om å komme seg til trygghet i Sør-Amerika. Det er også historien om hvordan rømlingenes planer slo feil, hvordan de ble arrestert, og hvordan Viktorgruppa la grunnlaget for en senere fluktvirksomhet som skulle vise seg å være langt mer effektiv. Forord Jeg skylder en stor takk til veileder Terje Emberland for hjelpsomme tilbakemeldinger, nådeløse prioriteringer og svært mye god hjelp til tross for dårlig tid, i tillegg til gode samtaler og spennende historier om norske nazister. Anki Furuseth fortjener også en hjertelig takk for sine bidrag, både gjennom en svært god bok og utlån av litteratur og kildemateriale. Uten henne ville denne oppgaven aldri vært mulig å skrive. Også Tore Pryser, Heléne Lööw og personalet ved Riksarkivet i Oslo skal ha takk for svar på vanskelige spørsmål. Takk til Henriett Røed, Jord Johan Herheim Nylenna og mamma for gjennomlesing og gode innspill. En spesiell takk går til kameratene på skift 2, som har holdt ut med skriving på jobben gjennom alt for mange nattskift. Tusen takk til Kaja, for all hjelp og tålmodighet med rot og bøker overalt, og for at du orker å høre på lange historier om obskure nazister. -
Norwegian Immigration to Latin America
Expectations Unfulfilled <UN> Studies in Global Social History VOLUME 24 Studies in Global Migration History Editor Dirk Hoerder (University of Arizona, Phoenix, ar, usa) Editorial Board Bridget Anderson (University of Oxford) Adam Hanieh (soas, University of London) Immanuel Ness (City University of New York) Jose Moya (Barnard College, Columbia University) Brenda Yeoh (National University of Singapore) Vazira Fazila-Yacoobaliis Zamindar (Brown University) Min Zhou (Nanyang Technological University, Singapore) VOLUME 8 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/sgmh <UN> Expectations Unfulfilled Norwegian Migrants in Latin America, 1820–1940 Edited by Steinar A. Sæther LEIDEN | BOSTON <UN> This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported (cc-by-nc 3.0) License, which permits any non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. Cover illustration: Ottar Enger, Ole V. Høiby and unknown worker resting in ‘Hiet’ (The Lair) at the estancia ‘El Mate’ in Argentina, ca. 1927. The photograph is taken with the camera of Ole V. Høiby. Photograph courtesy of Ove Høiby. Want or need Open Access? Brill Open offers you the choice to make your research freely accessible online in exchange for a publication charge. Review your various options on brill.com/brill-open. Typeface for the Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic scripts: “Brill”. See and download: brill.com/brill-typeface. issn 1874-6705 isbn 978-90-04-30738-4 (hardback) isbn 978-90-04-30739-1 (e-book) Copyright 2016 by Koninklijke Brill nv, Leiden, The Netherlands. -
Fascismen Marcherer
kapittel 6 Fascismen marcherer Kontinuitet og tradition i fascismens brug af gaderne som politisk arena Charlie Emil Krautwald Det er sidst på formiddagen den 29. juli 2017 og stedet Markens gate i det centrale Kristiansand. En sommerlørdag som så mange andre med byen fuld af handlende sørlændinge og turister, der flokkes om hovedstrøgets butikker og caféer. Denne lørdag er dog ikke helt almindelig. Knap 300 kilometer derfra i Fredrikstad har Den Nordiske Modstandsbevægelse1, en militant og selverklæret nationalsocialistisk organisation, samme morgen opgivet at gennemføre en demonstration under parolen «Knus homolobbyen». Politiet i Østfold har kort forinden trukket deres tilla- delse tilbage af frygt for uroligheder med moddemonstranter. I stedet vælger 70 fortrinsvist svenske, men også norske og finske nynazister at køre til Kristiansand, og ved middagstid marcherer de under bevægelsens grøn-hvide faner i sluttet formation ned gennem Markens gate og tager opstilling på Nedre torv. Af frygt for at eskalere situationen vælger Agder politidistrikt ikke at skride ind mod den uanmeldte demonstration, men nøjes med at observere optoget og bortvise to lokale moddemonstranter. 1 Også kendt som Nordiska Motståndsrörelsen (NMR). En nordisk, revolutionær nazistisk or- ganisation dannet i 1997 som Svenska Motståndsrörelsen (SMR) og i 2016 lagt sammen med søsterorganisationer i Norge, Finland og Danmark. 161 kapittel 6 Til avisen Fædrelandsvennen udtaler en lokal kristiansandborger, der selv var barn under den tyske besættelse: «Det går kaldt nedover ryggen på meg når jeg ser noe slikt. Det gir et ekkelt ekko til krigens dager.»2 Denne umiddelbare association var der givetvis mange nordmænd, der delte denne dag, og det er ikke tilfældigt. -
HISTORY of the NORWEGIAN SS Motto: Min A:Re Er Troskap
Stiftelsen norsk Okkupasjonshistorie, 2014 HISTORY OF THE NORWEGIAN SS Motto: Min A:re er Troskap Germany invaded Norway on April 9th, 1940, and in Septembe~ of that year Josef Terboven was appointed Relc'lscommissar, Under r;m and representing the SS in occupied Norwav came a "Higher SS an:J Police Leader". at first SS-Obergruppenfuhrer urd General der Polizei \'Jeitzel. but soon after replaced by SS-Obergruppenfuhrer und General der Polizei Wilhelm Rediess ("Oer Hbhere SS- und Polizeifuhrer beim Reichskommissar fur die besetzten norwegischen Gebiete"), Vldkun Abraham Lauritz Quisling (born 1887) was the Nor,rvegian Minister of Defence In the Agrarian Government. but when this fell in 1933 he formed a fascist-style political part; called the NasJonal Samling ("N,S,"-"National Union"), ThiS party v, th its para-military troops the Hlrd (similar to the SA of the NS,OAP, In Germany) was consequently In existence when the Germans Invaded, Quisling was believed to have been a party to the German invaSion, and the regime he proc;aimed upon their arrival so Incensed tre Norwegian people that It lasted only a week, Quisling stlil continued to lead hiS Nasjonal Samling. ho'.vever. which was the onlv political part\' permitted in Norway by the OCCJpying forces, Reichscommlssar Terboven was extremely hostile to Quisl 'Ig and as unco-operative as pOSSible. but on Hitler's orders did help him:o build up the strength of the N,S, The success of Quisling's efforts can be seen from the increase in N,S, membership from 6,000 In September 194J to its ~ "scommlssar f=-' :ccupled NOI\", c, Te:bovell, Hlg!'e' SS cnd peak of between 45.000 and 60,000 in earl)' 1943, Under occupa:on the ~2 Leader Rediess c~d Vldkun QU!o "J, Fec'u(J', 1942 Nasjonal Samling grew and with it the Hird. -
The Influence of German National Socialism and Italian Fascism on the Nasjonal Samling, 1933–1936
fascism 8 (2019) 36-60 brill.com/fasc Norwegian Fascism in a Transnational Perspective: The Influence of German National Socialism and Italian Fascism on the Nasjonal Samling, 1933–1936 Martin Kristoffer Hamre Humboldt University of Berlin and King’s College London [email protected] Abstract Following the transnational turn within fascist studies, this paper examines the role German National Socialism and Italian Fascism played in the transformation of the Norwegian fascist party Nasjonal Samling in the years 1933–1936. It takes the rivalry of the two role models as the initial point and focusses on the reception of Italy and Germany in the party press of the Nasjonal Samling. The main topics of research are therefore the role of corporatism, the involvement in the organization caur and the increasing importance of anti-Semitism. One main argument is that both indirect and direct German influence on the Nasjonal Samling in autumn 1935 led to a radi- calization of the party and the endorsement of anti-Semitic attitudes. However, the Nasjonal Samling under leader Vidkun Quisling never prioritized Italo-German rivalry as such. Instead, it perceived itself as an independent national movement in the com- mon battle of a European-wide phenomenon against its arch-enemies: liberalism and communism. Keywords Norway – Germany – Italy – Fascism – National Socialism – transnational fascism – Nasjonal Samling – Vidkun Quisling © Martin Kristoffer Hamre, 2019 | doi:10.1163/22116257-00801003 This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the prevailing cc-by-nc license at the time of publication. Downloaded from Brill.com09/28/2021 09:35:40AM via free access <UN> Norwegian Fascism in a Transnational Perspective 37 In October 19331 – five months after the foundation of the party Nasjonal Sam- ling [NS; National Unity]2 – Norwegian merchant Johan Wilhelm Klüver sent a letter from Tientsin in China addressed to the NS headquarters in Oslo. -
STAVANGEREN Medlemsblad for Byhistorisk Forening Stavanger
nr 2-3 2015 25. årgang STAVANGEREN medlemsblad for byhistorisk forening stavanger KRIG OG FRED I STAVANGER 1940–1945 NR. 2-3 2015 INNHOLD Frode Fanebust Stavangers 9. april 6 Jan Magne Arntsen Gulbrand Lunde og Stavanger 1929-42 24 Bernhard Lund Historien om «De elleve» 38 Frode Sæland Tilintetgjørelsen av jødene i Stavanger 48 Arne Vestbø Hvem var Moritz Rabinowitz? 78 Atle Skarsten Sovjetiske krigsfanger i Stavanger 82 Erik Thoring Naturen og kulturen i krigsårene 98 Kåre Walvik Å være krigsbarn i Norge 104 Mygefamilien Anders Johansen: Krigskommunister i Hillevåg 106 Bernhard Lund: Brødrene Myges tunge skjebne 110 Anders Johansen: Kunsten å redde sitt liv 116 Kjersti Dybvig Tyskertøs – en konstruert historisk identitet 122 Frode Sæland Frigjøringen i Stavanger 136 Forsidebilde: Fredsfesten ved Torget i Stavanger mandag ettermiddag 7. mai 1945. Festkledde mennesker ved Domkirken med norske, amerikansk og britisk flagg. Foto: Statsarkivet i Stavanger 1 BIDRAGSYTERE I STAVANGEREN nr 2-3 2015 Jan Magne Arntsen, f. 1952. Cand. philol. med historie hovedfag. Forfatter av bl. a. «Triumf og tragedie. Historien om NS-minister Gulbrand Lunde» sammen med Thor Geir Harestad. Har også skrevet hovedoppgave om Norges Kom- munistiske Parti i Stavanger og en rekke lokalhistoriske artikler, og er p.t. lektor ved Randaberg videregående skole. Kjersti Dybvig, f. 1956 i Stavanger. Faghistoriker. Forfatter av «Jøder og politi i Stavanger. Glemselens bekvemmelige letthet», utgitt på Pax forlag 2012. Frode Fanebust, f. 1968 i Stavanger. Forfatter, siviløko- nom NHH, bachelor historie og masterstudent i historie- didaktikk ved UiS. Anders Johansen, f. 1952 i Porsgrunn. Professor i sakprosa- studier ved Universitetet i Bergen. -
The Destruction of the Jewish Community in Garsden, June 24, 1941
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Carolina Digital Repository CROSSROADS AT ULM: POSTWAR WEST GERMANY AND THE 1958 ULM EINSATZKOMMANDO TRIAL Patrick Tobin A dissertation submitted to the faculty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History. Chapel Hill 2013 Approved by: Christopher Browning Chad Bryant Karen Hagemann Konrad Jarausch Donald Reid © 2013 Patrick Tobin ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT PATRICK TOBIN: Crossroads at Ulm: Postwar West Germany and the 1958 Ulm Einsatzkommando Trial “Crossroads at Ulm” examines the intersection of politics, society, culture, and law in the 1958 Ulm Einsatzkommando trial. The largest Nazi crimes trial in West Germany since the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg, the Ulm case convicted ten men for crimes of the Holocaust in 1941 Lithuania. The dissertation looks at different perspectives that various subcultures held on the trial. By exploring the involvement and attitudes of victims, perpetrators, investigators, prosecutors, public, media, and state and federal officials, the dissertation tells a broader story about conflicting and evolving West German attitudes towards the Nazi past in the 1950s. This multiperspective view of the trial offers insight into how and why West Germany came to rely upon its courts to address the aftermath of the Holocaust in the late 1950s. In the wake of the trial, the West German states created an agency for Nazi crimes investigations, appointing the Ulm trial’s prosecutor as its leader. Rather than explain this development as a result of top-down federal actions or bottom-up public criticism, the Ulm trial reveals a middle-out approach.