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'South Park' Çizgi

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'South Park' Çizgi T.C. FIRAT ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ İLETİŞİM BİLİMLERİ ANA BİLİM DALI ‘SOUTH PARK’ ÇİZGİ DİZİSİNDEKİ TOPLUMSAL NORM MESAJLARININ GÖSTERGEBİLİMSEL ANALİZİ YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ DANIŞMAN HAZIRLAYAN Yrd. Doç. Dr. Işıl HORZUM Songül DEMİR ELAZIĞ-2014 T.C. FIRAT ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ İLETİŞİM BİLİMLERİ ANABİLİM DALI ‘SOUTH PARK’ ÇİZGİ DİZİSİNDEKİ TOPLUMSAL NORM MESAJLARININ GÖSTERGEBİLİMSEL ANALİZİ YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ DANIŞMAN HAZIRLAYAN Yrd. Doç. Dr. Işıl HORZUM Songül DEMİR Jürimiz,……………… tarihinde yapılan yüksek lisans tezini oy birliği / oy çokluğu ile başarılı saymıştır. Jüri Üyeleri: 1. 2. 3. F.Ü. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Yönetim Kurulu’nun …………. Tarih ve ………… sayılı kararıyla bu tezin kabulü onaylanmıştır. Prof. Dr. Zakir KIZMAZ Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Müdürü II ÖZET Yüksek Lisans Tezi ‘South Park’ Çizgi Dizisindeki Toplumsal Norm Mesajlarının Göstergebilimsel Analizi Songül DEMİR Fırat Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü İletişim Bilimleri Anabilim Dalı Elazığ-2014, Sayfa: XII + 123 Bir toplumda insanların belli olaylar karşısında nasıl davranmaları gerektiğini belirleyen, onları belirli şekilde davranmaya zorlayan kurallara sosyal norm denir. Toplumlar bunu, siyaset ve medyayla ağırlıklı olarak yapar. Toplumu sürükleyen bu kurallar bütünü zamanla insanların tektipleşmesine sebebiyet verir. Bunu anlamak ya da bu gerçeğin farkında olmak için bu çizgi diziyi analiz etmek, bir sonraki sosyolojik çalışmalara katkı sağlamanın yanı sıra South Park isimli çizgi dizisi üzerine yazılmış metinlerin dışında, dizi üzerine yapılacak çalışma olarak tek olacağından, bu alandaki diğer araştırmalara da öncülük edecek olması açısından önemlidir. Araştırma kapsamında South Park çizgi dizisinin yanı sıra toplumsal normların insanla etkileşimi ve popüler kültür emperyalizmi ele alınmış olacaktır. İletişimin en etkili rollerinden biri olan görüntü sanatını sosyolojiyle kaynaştıran bu çizgi dizi, bizlere toplumsal şekillenme ve yönlenmeyi gösterecektir. Televizyon dizileri, sinema, reklam gibi iletişimi kapsayan tüm mecralar sosyalleşmede önemli bir etkene sahiptir. Bu çift yönlü etkileşimi, kendisini ele almaya fırsat sağlayan bir çizgi diziyle paradoksal bir şekilde eleştirerek, insanın toplumsal normlarla nasıl hareket ettiği, bazen gördükleri bazen görmek istemediklerini iletişime kattığı ve çağın sorunu haline gelmiş olan popülerleşmeye farklı açıdan bakılmasına bir pencere açılması umulmaktadır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Çizgi Dizi, Toplumsal Norm, Göstergebilimsel Çözümleme, South Park III ABSTRACT Master Thesis The Semiotic Analysis of Social Norm Messages in The Animation Series Southpark Songül DEMİR The University of Fırat The Institute of Social Science Communication Sciences Main Branch Elazığ-2014, Page: XII + 123 Social norms are called how people in a society should behave in the face of certain events and force them to behave in certain ways. Social norms are the behavioral expectations and cues within a society or group. This sociological term has been defined as the rules that a group uses for appropriate and inappropriate values, beliefs, attitudes and behaviors. Social Norms are beliefs about what is acceptable in a social context. Social norms are rules that a group uses for appropriate and inappropriate values, beliefs, attitudes and behaviors. These rules may be explicit or implicit. People often associate the most memorable behavior with the majority behavior and hence the rules about that is normative in that social context. Communities provide the social norms by using politics and the media. These set of roles for drag communities cause uniformization of people. To be aware of this fact and analyze South Park, beside contributing to sociological studies and the texts written on is also important to lead to other research in this area for being unique study. As well as South Park scope of investigation, interact with people of social norms and popular culture imperialism will be discussed. This cartoon that integrates art with sociology is one of the most influential roles of communication and shows us the social shaping and orientation. Involving communication channels such as advertising, TV series, movies all have an important influence on socialization. The purpose is criticizing people to understand that how to behave in social norms with two-way IV interaction in a paradoxical way. It is hoped that opening a window to the popularization of contemporary issues that have become to be viewed from different angles. Sometimes what we see, sometimes what we don’t want to see. Key words: Animation Series, Social Norm, Semiotic Analysis, South Park V İÇİNDEKİLER ÖZET .............................................................................................................................. II ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................... III İÇİNDEKİLER .............................................................................................................. V ŞEKİLLER LİSTESİ ................................................................................................... IX FOTOĞRAFLAR LİSTESİ .......................................................................................... X ÖNSÖZ .......................................................................................................................... XI KISALTMALAR ........................................................................................................ XII GİRİŞ ............................................................................................................................... 1 BİRİNCİ BÖLÜM 1. AHLAKIN TOPLUMDAKİ KÜLTÜR FARKLILIKLARINA ETKİSİ .............. 3 1.1. Ahlak’ın Tanımı ve Önemi ........................................................................................ 3 1.2. Sosyolojik Açıdan Toplumlarda Ahlak ..................................................................... 4 1.3. Ahlak Pedagojisi ........................................................................................................ 6 1.4. Türk ve Batı Kültüründe Toplum ve İnsan ................................................................ 7 1.4.1. Türk ve Batı Toplumları Kültür Farklılıklarının Oluşması ve Biçimlenmesi .... 9 1.4.2. Çeşitli Kültür Olaylarının Psiko-Sosyolojik Teorileri ...................................... 10 1.4.2.1. Modernlik ve Öz Kimlik ............................................................................ 11 1.4.2.2. Postmodernlik ve Öz Kimlik ..................................................................... 12 1.4.2.3. Örgütlü Modernlik ve Öz Kimlik .............................................................. 13 1.4.2.4. Modern Kapitalizm ve Protestanlık ........................................................... 13 İKİNCİ BÖLÜM 2. NORMLARIN TOPLUMSAL YAPIYA ETKİSİ VE POPÜLER KÜLTÜR .... 15 2.1. Norm Nedir? ............................................................................................................ 15 2.2. Normların Oluşumu ve Etkisi .................................................................................. 15 2.3. Sosyal Normlar ve Özellikleri ................................................................................. 17 2.3.1. Yazılı (Resmi) Normlar .................................................................................... 18 2.3.2. Yazısız (Resmi Olmayan) Normlar .................................................................. 19 2.4. Normların Grup Davranışına Yansıması ................................................................. 19 2.5. Toplum ve Kültürün Önemi ..................................................................................... 21 2.5.1. Sosyal Gelişme ................................................................................................. 22 2.5.2. Demokratik Değişme ........................................................................................ 23 VI 2.5.3. Sosyal Psikoloji ................................................................................................. 23 2.5.3.1. Amerika’da Sosyal Psikoloji ..................................................................... 24 2.5.3.2. Avrupa’da Sosyal Psikoloji ....................................................................... 25 2.6. Toplumsal Yapı Tanımı ........................................................................................... 26 2.6.1. Toplumsal Yapı Modelinin Unsurları Nelerdir? ............................................... 26 2.6.1.1. Kültür Tabakaları ....................................................................................... 26 2.6.1.2. Kültüre Ait Maddi ve Manevi Unsurlar ..................................................... 28 2.7. Popüler Kültür Tanımı ............................................................................................. 28 2.8. Kültür Endüstrisi ve Modern Endüstri ..................................................................... 30 2.9. Bir Toplumsal Yapı Modeli Olarak Amerikan Kültürü ........................................... 32 2.9.1. Bir Amerikan Kültürü Örneği “South Park” Çizgi Dizisi ................................ 34 ÜÇÜNCÜ BÖLÜM 3. SOUTHPARK ÇİZGİ DİZİSİ VE TARİHSEL SÜRECİ .................................... 37 3.1. Çizgi Film ve South Park ......................................................................................... 37 3.1.1. South Park Çizgi Dizisi’nin Künyesi ve Yayın Bilgileri .................................. 39 3.1.2. South Park Çizgi Dizisi Karakterleri
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