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A Short Resumé of the History of Sydney Hospital

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A Short Resumé of the History of Sydney Hospital A SHORT RESUME OF THE HISTORY OF SYDNEY HOSPITAL, By ELSA MOORE, Sydney. When the first colony was founded in Street Girls' School. Macquarie chose the Australia it was at Dawes Point. The site for the Sydney Hospital, on an elevated barracks and houses were built around that ridge along which he formed a new street point, although the main town and ware• and named it after himself. The building houses were situated at Parramatta, The *was to stand in seven acres of ground and first hospital, which was called the Sydney to be of "noble proportions". He was cen• Infirmary, was built on the shores of sured for these plans, which were said to Sydney Cove, now Circular Quay, in 1788, be on far too large a scale for such a small by twelve convicts from the First Fleet. colony. The plans were really drawn up by When Governor Macquarie arrived in Mrs. Macquarie, who made a great hobby Sydney he ordered the Infirmary to be of architecture. It has also been said that moved to Dawes Point; the old brick build• she influenced the Governor in the selection ing is now used as classrooms by the Fort of the site for the hospital In those days HISTORY OF SYDNEY HOSPITAL 83 women were not supposed to take any part He and, later, Dr. Balmain, were also given in public affairs; hence her name was kept land grants which are now the suburbs in the background. Macquarie also was which bear their names. The non-medical prominently associated with the planning of staff consisted of an overseer, an atten• Parliament House and of the building dant who acted as clerk, a gate-keeper, a called The Mint. matron, and a number of nurses, male and Macquarie called for tenders for the female. The salary of the gate-keeper was building of Sydney Hospital. Only one sixpence per day until it was increased in tender was received and the contractors 1834 to one shilling a day. The remaining asked for the monopoly for the sale of rum members of the staff were unsalaried; they for three years and also for the sale of meat were convicts and drew their food from from eighty oxen to be supplied by the the government stores. Government for slaughter. As the colony The number of patients with which the was in its infancy, the killing of beasts for hospital started was forty. They were meat was an uncommon event and fresh accommodated in three wards, two of which meat was eagerly sought after; this meat were on the ground floor and for male was sold at eighteenpence per pound. The patients, and the other was for females. contractors were allowed to import 15,000 These were the only wards until 1819. gallons of rum yearly for three years, but Each morning between eight o'clock and did not obtain the monopoly. The name of the "Rum Hospital" was attached to the midday Dr. Redfern went through the building and it was known thus for many wards attended by the overseer, the clerk years. The foundation stone was laid in and an assistant. Every patient was 1811 and the building was completed in inspected and any prescriptions ordered 1817. The contractors had the right to the were entered in a case book by the clerk, free services of certain able-bodied convicts who was often a poorly educated convict. from the ships. While this hospital was The supply of drugs and medicines was being built the original one was moved from always poor, as all medicines were ordered Dawes Point to Lower George Street, where by requisition on London, and three years the police station now stands. This is might elapse before an order was supplied. recorded on a brass tablet on the wall. The hospital was for convicts only until in 1848 it was opened to the general public. The grounds of the new hospital were The charge to in-patients was one shilling surrounded by a stone wall, eight feet high; a day at first and later ninepence daily. and, as the patients were all convicts, they The majority of them had to do their own were locked in at six o'clock at night, the cooking and washing, but that was altered gates being again opened at six o'clock in as the colony grew larger. Whatever the the morning If any patients died or were illness, each patient was allowed one pound ill in the night, the other convicts looked of meat and one pound of flour daily; many after them until morning. The first medical sold these rations to townspeople who came staff consisted of Dr. D'Arcy Wentworth, to the verandahs of the hospital to buy Principal Surgeon, and Dr. William them. The main sickness was scurvy, Redfern. Wentworth's professional quali• reflecting the dietary on the long trip out fications were meagre; he had not passed to Australia and the scarcity of fresh fruit any professional examinations but had and vegetables in the colony. The first studied in some London hospitals; he farms were on what is now the Domain, received the position by seniority. Later on and the windmills were in Woolloomooloo. he was given a grant of land which is now known as Vaucluse. His salary as Principal As the colony increased in size and Surgeon was £365 per annum, with the importance the old buildings had to be right of private practice. Dr., Redfern had extended and remodelled and additional been a surgeon's mate in the Royal Navy ones were erected. The main front build• and had passed the examinations. His ings as they stand today were completed in salary was £137 per annum with quarters. 1894. When the nurses' quarters were 84 THE AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL or PHYSIOTHERAPY built, Florence Nightingale gave permission old foundations laid by the convicts were for them to be named after her. In more found to be sufficiently firm to be used in modern times new buildings have been the construction of the new building. added, such as the Renwick and Travers In recent years the Radium and Deep Pavilions. In 1909 the first massage depart• X-Ray Department was remodelled and ment was opened in half of what is now completely equipped with the latest of the department of radiology. It was under machines for the proper treatment of the the direction of Dr. Storie Dixon and was patients. The equipment was provided considered at the time to be quite modern ; through the philanthropy of Sir Edward the equipment included galvanic and f aradic Hallstrom. Though it is the oldest hos• machines and hot air was available. Four pital in Australia, its equipment is up to voluntary masseuses (as they were called date. Recently also, the Hospitals Commis• in those days) treated a daily average of sion of New South Wale3 decided to hand between twenty and thirty patients. During over the Prince of Wales (Repatriation) the 1914-8 war the rapid development of Hospital to the Board of the Sydney Hos• orthopaedic surgery and the associated pital to be used for chronic and subacute physical therapy caused this small depart• cases. There are some seventy beds avail• ment to become hopelessly overcrowded. able and it is planned to add fifty beds in Some years later the old accident ward was a few months and progressively until the taken over as the orthopaedic department accommodation reaches about 400 beds. and, through the generosity of Dr. Nigel The Board has purchased two large homes Smith, it was equipped and divided into at Darling Point, known as "Travancore" gymnasium, cubicles and office. In 1950 and "Duntrim", to provide accommodation the whole department was again remodelled for about sixty nurses who are transported and reconstructed with the attachment of a to duty by motor vehicles belonging to the splint department. It was then named "The hospital. The Eye Hospital is just across John Hoets Orthopaedic Department" the Domain and it takes only about ten In 1932 the Japanese employees of the minutes to walk there from the main hos• old-established firm of Kanematsu decided pital. The hospital also provides an ambu• to raise a memorial to their late head, who lance to transport patients to the clinics for was prominent as a merchant and had had treatment. When first built, Sydney Hos• his stores at the lower end of George pital was considered to be far too big for Street. The memorial is the Kanematsu the colony, but nowadays, as the city has Institute of Pathology at the Sydney Hos• grown huge rapidly, it has become far pital. It was built, fully equipped, and too small in spite of enlargement and handed over to the Board in 1933 The extensions .
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