GLOBAL REPORT 2017

FINANCIAL | OPERATIONAL | STATISTICAL GLOBAL REPORT 2017 CONTENTS CONTENTS

The Global Report presents the work carried out by UNHCR in 2017 to protect and improve the lives of tens of millions of forcibly displaced people: refugees, internally displaced people, returnees, stateless persons and others of concern. It highlights the year’s achievements, as well as challenges faced by the Office and its partners, in attempting to respond to multiple life-threatening crises and ever-growing humanitarian needs. THEMATIC CHAPTERS

152 Safeguarding 182 Responding with 208 Building better futures OVERVIEW REGIONAL THEMATIC fundamental rights lifesaving support 154 Strengthening national OF 2017 SUMMARIES CHAPTERS systems (asylum law, refugee status determination, 6 56 118 alternative to detention) 158 Addressing and responding to mixed movements, central Mediterranean route

184 Emergency preparedness 211 Comprehensive solutions 164 Understanding the needs of and response (voluntary repatriation, local people of concern (identity integration, resettlement, management and registration, complementary pathways to identifying the needs of 191 Preventing, mitigating and protection and solutions) people of concern, promoting responding to sexual and gender equality) gender-based violence 221 Improve access to quality education 172 Ending statelessness 194 Expanding cash-based OVERVIEW OF 2017 REGIONAL SUMMARIES interventions 227 Economic inclusion and livelihoods 2 UNHCR IN 2017 14 Expanding partnerships 60 Africa UNHCR’s mission with key UNHCR’s evolving approach 80 The Americas 232 Access to energy and healthy facts and figures to strengthen and diversify environment partnerships to help deliver 6 Foreword by the High on its mandate 94 Asia and the Pacific Commissioner 28 Global Strategic Priorities 110 Europe ANNEXES Priority areas of concern for UNHCR in 2017 and a 176 Engaging in situations 126 Middle East and North Africa 198 Meeting basic needs and summary of progress of internal displacement 236 Member States of UNHCR’s essential services (shelter and Executive Committee and 180 Engaging in climate change settlement, public health, food Parties to the Refugee and 32 Funding UNHCR’s security and nutrition, WASH) programmes and disaster displacement Statelessness Conventions

58 Map of populations of 238 Glossary of technical terms concern to UNHCR as of used throughout the book 12 The Special Envoy’s message December 2017 244 Acronyms 142 Operational support and management

Global Focus website audience in 2017

The Global Focus website–http://reporting.unhcr.org–is UNHCR’s main operational reporting platform for donors. Regularly updated, it complements 125,500 47% 38,000 9,200 and augments information in the Global Report with greater detail on users from 195 visits from the page views documents UNHCR operations, data on key operational themes and objectives, countries (+99%) top 10 donor per month (+65%) downloaded and in-depth information on UNHCR’s budgets, funding and expenditure. countries to UNHCR per month (+170%)

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Developing countries hosted 84 per cent of the world’s refugees under UNHCR’s mandate. The least developed countries provided asylum to more than 4.2 million refugees or about 26 per cent of the global total.

UNHCR IN 2017 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 MISSION The High Commissioner for Refugees is mandated by stateless or whose nationality is disputed. To date 67.7M 36.6M 17.2M 3.2M the United Nations to lead and coordinate international (December 2017), 89 States are parties to the 1954 People of concern to UNHCR worldwide IDPs protected and Refugees, including Stateless persons, action for the worldwide protection of refugees and the Convention relating to the Status of Stateless Persons During 2016, UNHCR made 162,500 resettlement assisted by UNHCR 12.3 million assisted with 60,800 acquiring submissions and some 125,600 refugees departed for by UNHCR or confirming resolution of refugee problems. To date (December 2017), and 70 to the 1961 Convention on the Reduction of resettlement. 552,230 returned refugees, nationality in 2016 including 500,200 assisted 148 States are parties to the 1951 Convention relating to Statelessness. by UNHCR the Status of Refugees and/or to its 1967 Protocol. The Oce seeks to reduce situations of forced UNHCR’s primary purpose is to safeguard the rights displacement by encouraging States and other institutions and well-being of refugees. In its e orts to achieve this to create conditions which are conducive to the protection 2017 objective, the Oce strives to ensure that everyone can of human rights and the peaceful resolution of disputes. exercise the right to seek asylum and find safe refuge in In all of its activities, it pays particular attention to the PEOPLE OF CONCERN another State, and to return home voluntarily. By assisting needs of children and seeks to promote the equal rights refugees to return to their own country or to settle of women and girls. INCREASED BY 5.4% permanently in another country, UNHCR also seeks UNHCR needed 7.9 billion to respond lasting solutions to their plight. The Oce carries out its work in collaboration with many The funding gap was 43% partners, including governments, regional organizations, UNHCR’s Executive Committee (101 member States as and international and non-governmental organizations. of October 2017) and the UN General Assembly have It is committed to the principle of participation, believing TOP 10 REFUGEEHOSTING COUNTRIES UNHCR EXPENDITURE TOP 10 DONORS authorized involvement with other groups. These include that refugees and others who benefit from the Oce’s former refugees who have returned to their homeland; activities should be consulted over decisions which a ect internally displaced people; and persons who are their lives.

GLOBAL PRESENCE UNHCR IS PRESENT IN 130 COUNTRIES WITH 478 LOCATIONS

31% $4.1 billion $3.9 billion 15,273 11,423 3,850 Of the world’s refugees are hosted Total expenditure Voluntary contributions GLOBAL WORKFORCE STAFF MEMBERS AFFILIATE WORKFORCE MEMBERS* in three countries $400 million from the private sector

Turkey Pakistan Uganda USA Germany European Union STAFF MEMBERS Pillar 1 Refugees 83% Lebanon Iran (Islamic Rep. of) Germany Pillar 2 Stateless 1% Japan UK Sweden Bangladesh Sudan Ethiopia Pillar 3 Returnees 2% Norway Canada Private donors International National Jordan All other countries in Spain Pillar 4 IDPs 14% Netherlands

28% 88% 12% Field HQ Sta by region DECEMBER 43% Africa The vast majority of refugees—some 85%—under UNHCR’s mandate remain in low and middle-income countries, close to conflict. 21% Middle East and North Africa

% % 12% Headquarters Global 61 39 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Field 64 36 11% Asia & Pacific 667,380 returned refugees, including 518,600 assisted 72% HQ 41 59 9% Europe 71.4M by UNHCR People of concern to UNHCR worldwide Stateless persons, 4% Americas Oer half of the worlds refugees came from three countries: the Syrian Arab with 56,500 acquiring Republic, Afghanistan and South Sudan. Bangladesh kept its borders open IDPs protected and Refugees, including or confirming nationality to nearly 655,500 refugees fleeing violence in Myanmar. More than assisted by UNHCR 11.9 million assisted by UNHCR in 2017 1.2 million refugees were in need of resettlement. In 2017, some 75,200 resettlement * UNVs, individual contractors and consultants hired through UNOPS or directly, deployees, secondees, and interns, of whom 47% are male and 53% female places were made available and some 65,100 refugees departed to third resettlement countries. 39.1M 19.9M 3.9M

4 UNHCR GLOBAL REPORT 2017 UNHCR GLOBAL REPORT 2017 5 OVERVIEW | FOREWORD BY HIGH COMMISSIONER FILIPPO GRANDI A world As of the end of 2017, there were some 71.4 million people of concern to UNHCR around the world—asylum-seekers, in turmoil refugees, returnees, the internally displaced and stateless. Millions were newly displaced during the year, fleeing war, violence and persecution in countries including the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Iraq, Myanmar, South Sudan and the Syrian Arab Republic (Syria). As a result, UNHCR was called on to address a succession of new or recurring or deepening displacement crises, some shifting in new and complicated directions.

Torn from their homes and propelled across borders, there could be no illusion that they were moving voluntarily, in search of a better life. Fleeing for their lives, their movement was often chaotic and improvised, their assets left behind. Almost two thirds remained internally displaced within their own countries, often unable to reach safety abroad as borders closed and restrictive admissions policies prevailed. At the same time, protracted crises remained entrenched. Refugees fled Afghanistan almost 40 years ago, but some two million are still hosted in the Islamic Republics of Iran and Pakistan, and hundreds of thousands more across the world. ©UNHCR/Andrew McConnell ©UNHCR/Andrew

Marjan, 60, and her granddaughter Jannat Ara, 7, (in red) stand among other Rohingya refugees to receive aid at Kutupalong camp in Bangladesh. They fled their home in Myanmar two months ago with four other family members.

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As a result, UNHCR was called upon to often despite significant pressure on their more detail particularly in the chapter on As this Global Report describes, new ways respond, together with States, to a series infrastructure and services, and despite Expanding partnerships. With an emphasis of using resources to target the longer-term of new and recurring emergencies in the waning international support. The majority on building resilience and self-reliance, by needs of refugees and hosts became more course of 2017. Standby capacities including of countries next to conflict zones kept their connecting refugees to opportunities and prominent in 2017, in relation to education, emergency funding mechanisms, personnel borders open and continued to receive fostering their inclusion in host societies employment, and the environment. Working deployments, airlifts of relief items, and refugees in a very practical expression of and economies, the new comprehensive with a much broader range of actors than standby partnerships were activated their commitment to international protection response model is driving real change. The in the past, important steps were taken through UNHCR emergency declarations for standards and humanitarian values. number of host countries adopting policies related to refugees’ financial inclusion and displacement related to crises in the DRC, access to jobs. These steps included policy Further afield, the picture was more mixed. and practices consistent with the vision of Libya and Myanmar. Emergency capacities changes, new financing mechanisms, and In many parts of the world, genuine public the New York Declaration is lengthening— were maintained at regional and country the increasing engagement of a wide range concerns related to security, the economy, and this generosity and openness must be level to respond to new displacement and of NGOs, civil society entities, municipalities, and identity have been distorted, and supported. returns in relation to Iraq, South Sudan, faith organizations, and the involvement of misperceptions of the nature, composition Syria, Yemen and elsewhere. UNHCR also made significant strides the private sector. and impact of refugee flows have been in establishing closer links between Efforts to address complex mixed fueled by irresponsible politicians. Refugee UNHCR is working closely with development humanitarian and development partners movements, by trying to secure protection rights have been eroded and protection partners and governments to accelerate and other bilateral agencies, aimed at and solutions for refugees moving along undermined—sometimes by States that the application of the instruments and supporting host countries and communities dangerous routes such as through have traditionally been champions of resources made available, but the impact and strengthening the resilience of refugees, sub-Saharan Africa to the central refugee protection. of the comprehensive response model will and in making progress on solutions, even in Mediterranean and beyond, and across take time to be felt. And even as tangible northern Central America, were also a An emerging model for change the absence of wider progress in resolving results begin to emerge, providing proof that growing priority, seeing UNHCR deepen conflicts. These efforts are also aligned this new approach can make a difference, And yet, despite—or perhaps because its partnerships with the International with the reforms to the UN development humanitarian action will continue to be a of—these many challenges, a powerful Organization for Migration and others. system and peace and security architecture central aspect of the response to forced momentum emerged around the currently under way under the leadership of displacement—particularly in the early Growing weaknesses in international principles and approaches set out in the Secretary-General. stages of new crises. cooperation and in the ability of political the Comprehensive Refugee Response leaders to prevent, mitigate, and resolve Framework (CRRF), adopted as part of the The strong leadership of the World Bank Certain aspects of the model require greater conflict remained prominent. Among the New York Declaration for Refugees and continued to play a key role in driving investments and action if they are to be millions of people uprooted, just a small Migrants. Now being applied in 13 countries change in 2017—in particular, through the fully realized. The number of resettlement number were able to return home following and in two regional models, and described IDA18 refugee sub-window for low-income places fell significantly in 2017, to around effective international conflict resolution or in more detail in this Global Report, it is countries and the Global Concessional 75,200—just 54 per cent of 2016 levels. progress towards stability. Those refugees driving more sustained attention to the role Financing Facility for middle-income Yet, resettlement remains an important or IDPs who did return often did so under of host countries and communities, with countries. A growing list of bilateral and solution, both for the people concerned less than ideal circumstances, returning the international community increasingly multilateral institutions have also made and as a concrete expression of to situations of hardship, destruction and recognizing the need to do more to support important advances. The European Union’s burden-and responsibility-sharing. A number ongoing risk. At the same time, weaknesses them. The global compact on refugees, Directorate-General for International of countries are now working to expand in international cooperation and solidarity to be adopted by the General Assembly Cooperation and Development, for example, their resettlement programmes, and to undermined the global response to refugee later in 2018, will underpin the CRRF with a is making considerable investments to expand the pool of resettlement States by flows, and state-by-state responses often programme of action to steer its application. support the CRRF roll-out in the Horn of providing support to emerging resettlement prevailed amidst an ongoing politicization of countries. These efforts must be supported. Notable progress has already been made Africa and Central America, and to address the refugee issue at domestic, regional and through the application of the CRRF. The forced displacement in Asia. Other bilateral The scarcity of solutions in the context of international levels. policy and legislative reforms, inclusive development agencies, including those of today’s proliferating conflicts is a matter As this bleak series of events unfolded, and open practices, and measures to Denmark, Germany, Japan, the Republic of deep concern. The strong focus on host countries and communities continued expand refugee access to national health of Korea and the United Kingdom, are also solutions, notably voluntary repatriation, in to extend protection and assistance, and education systems are described in already engaged. the two regional applications of the CRRF

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that have emerged—both in the Somalia legislative and policy reforms were also the management and coordination of our the first time ever in an important expression context in the Horn of Africa, and in the adopted in a number of States. Burkina engagement with new and traditional of confidence in UNHCR and the course that Comprehensive Refugee Protection and Faso and Luxembourg both acceded to partners, and other measures. we are pursuing. Solutions Framework in the Americas—is the 1961 Convention on the Reduction of We made important investments in We also, increasingly, noted the engagement Statelessness. This work has been given therefore extremely welcome. The ongoing strengthening the integrity of our operations, of the private sector, including corporations, additional momentum by the Sustainable work to develop and implement the global including through reforms to our oversight philanthropists and foundations—not just as Development Goals (SDGs), and in particular compact on refugees will give further space systems, and in pursuing our zero tolerance donors but as active contributors that can SDG 5, which calls for the elimination of for these efforts. policy on sexual exploitation and abuse bring important experience to bear including discrimination against women and girls and sexual harassment. We developed in terms of technology, employment, skills The #IBelong Campaign to End Statelessness everywhere, and SDG 16.9, which calls “Risk Management 2.0”—an ambitious, training, renewable energy and other areas. remained a corporate priority in 2017. for legal identity for all, including birth new approach to managing risk, unearthing It is also particularly relevant to single out Significant progress in reducing registration. root causes of corruption and fraud, and the interest and involvement of cities and statelessness took place in countries improving programme delivery which is now mayors, who are often on the frontline of including the Philippines, the Russian being rolled out in key operations. receiving refugees, but also integrating Federation, Tajikistan and Thailand, and them, especially in industrialized countries. We undertook a significant reform of our © UNHCR/Georgina Goodwin For instance, sport institutions such as the human resources systems and, in August 2017, International Olympic Committee also have issued a new recruitment and assignments an important role helping to address refugee policy aimed at ensuring a flexible, inclusion, giving hope and bridging gaps highly-qualified workforce with the right between communities. profile, skills and expertise, with full attention to inclusion, diversity and gender equity. Rising to the challenge We made a first set of investments to step up The comprehensive response model, and our capacity in relation to data on refugees the global compact to come, are concrete, and host communities, and reached an workable instruments of multilateralism in agreement on a new UNHCR-World Bank action, rooted in practical engagement that joint data centre, which will also work on can be a rallying point for refugee protection data on statelessness. and solutions, founded on the principles We also worked to improve our engagement and standards of the international refugee with IDPs, and began the redesign of regime. To work, they need resources, UN High Commissioner for Refugees Filippo Grandi takes selfies with young Somali refugees who have been awarded scholarships by the World University Service of Canada at Dadaab camp, Kenya. our results-based management system, including funding, technical expertise, and integrating it with a new Multi-Year, political support. Multi-Partner approach. UNHCR: looking ahead pursue these directions in a more effective, Throughout 2017, there was a resolute and growing body of support for the new In January 2017, we issued UNHCR’s efficient, agile and accountable manner. Mobilizing resources and model, from a range of States with different Strategic Directions, setting out clear diversifying support These reform initiatives included an capacities and characteristics, and from orientations for our work for the period independent review of the design, structure With growing needs, we saw encouragement traditional and new donors. Sustaining and until 2021, against the evolving context of and processes of our Headquarters, from the solid level of funding that we were intensifying that support through 2018 and deepening displacement crises and the which made a compelling case for change able to maintain in 2017, reaching over beyond will be critical, to translate the high important opportunities emerging in the to ensure that we remain a dynamic $3.9 billion in fresh contributions, just under level political commitments of the New York lead up to the global compact and beyond. and field-oriented organization. Its what we received in 2016, albeit against a Declaration into real change in the lives of These include the core directions of protect, recommendations are being taken forward larger budget. The commitments made at refugees and displaced people around the respond, include, empower and solve. by a change team and have already resulted our 2018 pledging conference in Geneva world. In the course of 2017, we took a number of in the establishment of a new Division in December 2017, including multi-year steps to steer critical changes to enable us to for Resilience and Solutions, changes to commitments, came close to $1 billion for

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The Special Envoy Henley © UNHCR/Mark

This year marked a special moment in effort to end conflicts, expand human UNHCR’s relationship with its Special rights and strengthen the rule of law.” Envoy, Angelina Jolie. Renewing her She warned of the dangers of “narrow contract as Special Envoy during a visit to nationalism masquerading as patriotism,” UNHCR Headquarters after 17 years with and urged citizens to “keep alive the the Agency, she reaffirmed her commitment flame of internationalism,” adding that “a to refugees worldwide, and spoke of how world in which we turn our back on our proud she is to be with UNHCR. Referring to global responsibilities will be a world that the many challenges facing the Office and produces greater insecurity, violence and the broader humanitarian community, she danger for us and for our children.” said to her UNHCR colleagues, “I am with She also tackled issues of populism, you, not just for my contract, I am with you poverty and racism in her address, urging for life. You can’t walk away once you’ve the audience to stay true to the ideals and joined UNHCR.” purposes of the United Nations: “I hope While in Geneva, she delivered the all of us can determine that we shall be a UNHCR Special Envoy Angelina Jolie cuts a cake with young refugee women at the RefuSHE empowerment project in Nairobi, June 2017. annual lecture for the Sergio Vieira de generation that renews its commitment to Mello foundation. In her speech, “In unite our strength to maintain international Defence of Internationalism”, she called on peace and security and to promote social the progress started by Mr Vieira de Mello The girls fled extreme violence or governments to renew their commitment progress and better standards of life in and other UN workers: “To do even a little persecution in Burundi, the Democratic to diplomacy and to the UN, saying that larger freedom.” The Special Envoy called of his good, to apply ourselves to the work Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, Somalia, “there is no shortcut to peace and security, on individuals to play their part globally, to he left unfinished, in whatever way we can, and South Sudan. Almost all of them had and no substitute for the long, painstaking do good in their community and continue is a worthy task for any one of us.” suffered sexual and gender-based violence. With the option of resettlement scarce, © UNHCR/Mark Henley © UNHCR/Mark It is in this spirit that the Special Envoy RefuSHE focuses on helping refugees fully commemorated 2017 World Refugee Day integrate within the Kenyan community. It in Kenya visiting with adolescent refugee was the Special Envoy’s third visit to Kenya, girls in Nairobi who reside in a shelter run home to hundreds of thousands of refugees by RefuSHE, an NGO filling a crucial gap in from neighbouring countries. care for girls and young women.

“Over half of all refugees and displaced people worldwide are women and children.

UNHCR’s Special Envoy Angelina Jolie and UN High Commissioner for How we treat them is a measure of our humanity as nations.” Refugees Filippo Grandi meet in Geneva to sign Jolie’s new contract. —Angelina Jolie, UNHCR Special Envoy

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Expanding

partnerships

© UNHCR/ Andrew McConnell

Young Rohingya refugees look out over Palong Khali refugee camp, a sprawling site located on a hilly area near the Myanmar border in Since its creation in the 1950s, UNHCR conflict, violence, insecurity, criminality, south-east Bangladesh. has helped millions of people of concern— persecution, and human rights abuses. The refugees, returnees, internally displaced vast majority of them (85 per cent) were in people, and stateless persons—to rebuild low- and middle-income countries, hosted their lives by safeguarding their rights and or displaced in States and in communities providing protection, lifesaving assistance that are themselves dealing with a range of and seeking solutions. None of this has been social, political and economic challenges. possible without partners, and without a The multiplicity and gravity of crises around strong and enduring sense of partnership. the world, increased human mobility, the As of the end of 2017, there were growing effects of climate change, and 71.4 million people of concern to UNHCR complex, irregular movements have evolved worldwide, more than half of whom were the way UNHCR works to protect. women and children. All had fled armed

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UNHCR’s Strategic Directions, which Supporting host countries Few long-term political solutions for the and host communities are long-term the High Commissioner issued in and their communities drivers of displacement mean new outflows— investments, they should be nurtured whilst January 2017, are aligned with the mostly falling disproportionally on the also responding to the more immediate In line with the CRRF, partnerships are 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda, the countries and the communities neighbouring needs of people of concern are addressed. of pivotal importance to all aspects of Secretary-General’s UN reform process, and conflict zones—and few durable solutions Within the framework provided by the the New York Declaration for Refugees and UNHCR’s work: from raising awareness for the displaced and, indirectly, for their New York Declaration, UNHCR worked Migrants and its Annex 1, the Comprehensive of refugee problems, to preserving the hosts. Although the hosting countries have with governments and partners to deliver Refugee Response Framework (CRRF). character of asylum, to improving the largely kept their borders open to those comprehensive responses for refugees and delivery of humanitarian assistance, and to fleeing, they have been left to manage the The Strategic Directions have five core host communities. The Office championed making life in long-term asylum viable and social, economic, and sometimes political elements—protect, respond, include, collaborative and coordinated approaches voluntary repatriation possible. Partnerships implications of a large-scale refugee empower and solve—which will guide the to supporting refugees through its updated are also critical in strengthening the presence, alongside the other consequences Office’s work in the coming years. This Policy on Emergency Response—which resilience capacity of host communities, of nearby conflict, without adequate work will include engaging across the stresses the importance of partnerships— refugees, other displaced people and resources—especially development aid not entire spectrum of forced displacement and in its response to large-scale returnees, and in finding solutions. fully adapted to the situation. and providing practical, concrete support emergencies, which is based on the to States to secure protection and solutions As the mandated organization for refugee Despite current high levels of displacement Refugee Coordination Model (RCM). The for refugees, IDPs and stateless persons protection, assistance and response, and a lack of political solutions, there was Office equally strengthened coordination in through strong and diverse partnerships. UNHCR works with States to find an important countervailing trend in 2017: refugee situations and enhanced its work sustainable solutions—including from the a growing recognition grounded in values, with development actors to support early Addressing the protection needs of outset of emergencies. Beyond States, the but also in realism, that refugee flows responses (see the thematic chapter on refugees and other displaced people and Office also worked with a broad range of would continue as long as conflicts were Responding with lifesaving support). upholding their rights is critical to laying actors from the humanitarian, development not solved, and that in hosting refugees UNHCR helped ensure complementary the foundations for greater stability and and private sector to tackle some of the the countries neighbouring those in crisis efforts in assisting people of concern by solutions, both for people of concern and for entrenched issues people of concern face, contribute to regional stability. However, working effectively with humanitarian, the communities hosting them. Throughout such as access to work and employment these efforts can only be sustained through development and other actors, including 2017, UNHCR committed to strengthening opportunities, inclusion in public planning, international support that includes, but also from the very beginning of emergencies. partnerships to support host countries and administration and justice, and housing-land extends beyond, humanitarian funding. For example, UNHCR concluded a number their communities, including with States as and property rights. The engagement of actors beyond those of emergency response agreements the principal actors providing protection and While the involvement of diverse actors associated with the traditional humanitarian with NGOs. The Office also supported solutions to displacement and statelessness. is critical in effectively assisting people of sphere is critical to mobilizing an effective the coordinated efforts of various actors The Office also committed to evolving concern, it is ultimately States that deliver response and pursuing solutions to through its leadership in the cluster system the ways in which it protects all people sustainable solutions to displacement. displacement and statelessness today. both at the national and global level, and of concern. This chapter summarizes and Unfortunately, in 2017, large-scale States, development actors, the private nationally through the various refugee, analyses those aspects, and serves as a displacement continued to demonstrate sector, financial institutions, NGOs, humanitarian or development plans. guide to the in-depth regional and thematic the need for strengthened international academics, diasporas and civil society chapters of this Global Report. cooperation. Almost no situations of can all contribute to refugee responses by large-scale displacement have been driving policy, influencing public opinion, brought to definitive conclusion by political or providing concrete support. The Office solutions in the current decade, and actively pursued these relationships in 2017, between 2011 and 2017 the average number acknowledging they are foundational for of refugees returning home globally each sustainable and comprehensive responses. year was just short of 431,000. Because development projects for refugees

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and sub-regions were applying significant granted freedom of movement, access Applying the Comprehensive New refugee Refugee Response Framework elements in line with the CRRF through to legal employment, healthcare and legislation their refugee policies and frameworks. education. In 2017, Ethiopia began fulfilling policies that The adoption by all United Nations Member support refugee The CRRF places equal emphasis on four its pledge to increase the enrolment of self-reliance and States of the September 2016 New York promote inclusion key objectives and UNHCR is committed refugee children in school alongside Declaration demonstrated the collective have been or to working with partners to pursue each nationals. In line with a government will shortly political will to reshape and reinforce be adopted of them: commitment, over 52,700 additional international engagement in refugee crises. in a number refugee children were enrolled in Ethiopia of countries, It also reaffirmed the fundamental principles • Easing pressure on hosting countries. including Djibouti as of end of 2017. Under a new refugee bill, and values on which the refugee protection • Enhancing refugee self-reliance. and Ethiopia. currently under development in Ethiopia, regime rests. The New York Declaration • Expanding opportunities for resettlement tens of thousands of refugees would be recognized the profound contribution in third countries as well as other able to qualify for work permits, allowing of host countries and communities and complementary pathways. the contribution refugees can make to them to make a living and contribute to the • Supporting conditions in countries of local economy. Also in Ethiopia, a revision host communities and countries with the origin that enable voluntary return. right policies and support. The New York of government policy on encampment The majority of UNHCR’s programmes in UNHCR Declaration proposed a more inclusive While some results in the development made in 2017 holds potential in allowing made specific 2017 continued to be implemented by local, model to refugee responses, one that sphere will take time to fully come to some 75,000 refugees of all nationalities commitments national and international NGOs across against five of the encompasses a broad range of entities, fruition, 2017 already saw some substantial to move freely to towns and cities in the Grand Bargain’s UNHCR’s 130 country operations worldwide. such as development actors, civil society, advances. The CRRF was rolled out in future where they can undertake trade and ten work streams, In line with its Grand Bargain commitments, and committed international and regional peace and security Djibouti, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Uganda, commerce and interact with locals. to active UNHCR focused on engaging local and actors and donors, the private sector and the United Republic of Tanzania, participation national partners and aimed to direct The application of the CRRF also helped across all of refugees themselves. and Zambia in Africa, and Belize, them. For more 25 per cent of programme funding to Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, to foster regional collaboration (for more information on support the work of national partners— A key element of the New York Declaration details please see the regional summaries for its engagement, and Panama in the Americas. It also please refer including national government institutions was the outlining of an evolutionary approach included two regional approaches: the Africa and the Americas). In Africa, Member to the UNHCR involved in refugee work—by 2020. to addressing refugee situations knows as States of the Intergovernmental Authority Grand Bargain situation facing Somali refugees across For example, 21 per cent of the $1.5 billion self-report. the CRRF. The comprehensive response the East and the Horn of Africa, and in on Development (IGAD) adopted the disbursed to over 1,000 partners in 2017 model—which draws heavily on approaches the North of Central America. In each Nairobi Declaration on “Durable solutions was allocated to local and national partners developed in the Middle East and North of these countries or regions, the CRRF for Somali refugees and reintegration of for programmes providing protection and Africa region in responding to the Syrian demonstrated how governments, UNHCR returnees in Somalia” in March 2017. In solutions to refugees and other people of refugee crisis, and on experiences in other and partners are committed to pursuing September 2017, these Member States concern. In addition, the Office continued regions over the decades—is generating solutions from the outset of a refugee adopted a roadmap and results framework to strengthen collaboration with local NGO a sea-change in international engagement emergency, including by working with to implement the Declaration. The countries partners in the fields of communications, with refugees and host communities. The national and local authorities—which are involved in this process—Djibouti, Ethiopia, capacity-building, joint planning, enhanced Declaration brings together tried and tested among the first responders to a refugee Kenya, Somalia and Uganda—further use of resources, operational delivery and solutions for improved refugee protection influx—and by promoting the inclusion of delivered on the Nairobi Declaration’s the prevention of fraud and corruption. under a single framework. refugees in national systems. commitments by convening the first ever As of end of 2017, the CRRF was being To help refugees’ access to services of regional IGAD conference on education in applied in 13 countries and across two host communities, several countries rolling Djibouti in December 2017. At this meeting, regions, and will progressively be rolled out out the CRRF began adopting new policies Member States committed to harmonizing in other large-scale refugee situations. In enabling refugees to benefit from essential education standards for refugees and host parallel to the roll-out of the CRRF in these social and other services on a par with communities, and to integrate education 13 countries, a number of other refugee nationals. This was the case in Djibouti for refugees and returnees into national hosting countries across different regions where, in December 2017, refugees were development plans by 2020.

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In October 2017, Belize, Costa Rica, Ferré © UNHCR/Jean-Marc

Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico and Panama We are the future and the future is now adopted the Comprehensive Refugee Foni, a refugee from South Sudan who graduated with first Protection and Solutions Framework (known class honours from a university in Kenya, is among more than a dozen youth delegates from around the world who brought their as MIRPS—Marco Integral Regional para experience of conflict and displacement to a high-level meeting la Protección y Soluciones), the regional in Geneva devoted to obtaining a new global response to record iteration of the CRRF. In doing so, they levels of displacement. committed to collective action to strengthen “When kids come and they don’t get an education, we see protection of people on the move and to a repeat of the war over and over again, because they don’t understand the causes of it,” says Foni, 25, who works on a engage development and local actors Foni Joyce Vuni, 25, a South Sudanese refugee living in Kenya, participated as a youth delegate at the High mentoring programme for young refugees in Kenya. in prevention, assistance and solutions. Commissioner’s Dialogue on Protection Challenges. “We are the future and the future is now.” The way She is currently studying a bachelor’s degree in Mass Prior to the adoption of this instrument, Communication and is president of the Kenya Chapter Foni sees it, children caught up in conflicts will end Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, of the DAFI students’ association. up either as peacemakers or as peacebreakers. The difference is the opportunities they get in exile. Honduras, Panama and Mexico developed national action plans that, together with commitments from donors and cooperating states, formed the MIRPS. The priority areas identified in the A fundamental shift in the Based on the posture of development actors UNDP-UNHCR joint review includes SDG findings of a implementation as it relates to “leave no joint review, The New York Declaration makes a strong UNDP and one behind”, enhanced partnerships in UNHCR issued a call for humanitarian and development communication The roll-out of the CRRF generated (UNDAFs) and national development plans rule of law, human rights, access to justice, efforts to be complementary and mutually in October 2017 increased support to refugees and their (such as those in Djibouti and Uganda). For community security and local governance to that sets out supportive. It supports the inclusion of the broader host communities, achieved to a large example, the CRRF has helped facilitate refugees, IDPs and stateless persons in better respond to protection priorities and parameters closer collaboration between UNHCR and for future extent through the increased engagement regular development planning with the durable solutions; analysis on protracted UNDP. cooperation. of key development actors, such as the support of the international community displacement situations and root causes; Together, they World Bank and other large bilateral targeted livelihoods programming; and developed a To ensure that refugees had a voice in where needed, thereby enhancing efforts plan of action development actors such as the European the processes shaping their lives, UNHCR towards the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable investment in early warning and crisis to coordinate Commission’s Directorate-General for Development. In 2017, UNHCR’s search their efforts and and partners conducted consultations on preparedness. strengthen their International Development Cooperation the CRRF with refugees in six countries in for durable solutions, including economic collaboration In 2017, UNDP and UNHCR initiated joint (DEVCO) and the Japan International 2017. This included consultations in four inclusion and greater means of resilience at country programmes in these areas in at least level to help Cooperation Agency (JICA, on which more CRRF countries: Ethiopia, Djibouti, Uganda, for people of concern, saw it expand host countries below) which started to scale-up their and the United Republic of Tanzania. partnerships with development actors— 15 countries, including in Burundi, Ethiopia, better respond to refugee activities and their support in CRRF roll-out The perspective of refugee youth was which are arguably better equipped to take Honduras, Myanmar, Pakistan, Somalia, situations and to countries. The CRRF approach will need heard through the Global Youth Advisory on some of these long-term challenges Uganda and Zambia, covering refugees, deliver improved long-term support to further align with other key instruments Council, which was created by the High (see Safeguarding fundamental rights and IDPs, returnees and stateless persons. and solutions for for development and humanitarian Commissioner in December 2017 (see Building better futures thematic chapters). Strengthened collaboration under the CRRF refugees. support such as the SDGs, United Nations Safeguarding fundamental rights thematic has helped to include people of concern UNHCR continued to enhance partnerships chapter). in national development frameworks and Development Assistance Frameworks with key development actors—notably with UNDP and the World Bank—while engage with UNCTs. In addition, UNDP engaging in policy and strategic reflections opened-up its governance and rule-of-law on avenues for humanitarian-development expert rosters to support analytical work on cooperation within the United Nations issues around state budgeting mechanisms Development Group, OECD and the and State-provided legal aid, and public Inter-Agency Standing Committee. administration and justice.

20 UNHCR GLOBAL REPORT 2017 UNHCR GLOBAL REPORT 2017 21 OVERVIEW | EXPANDING PARTNERSHIPS OVERVIEW | EXPANDING PARTNERSHIPS

SDG 16 recognizes the rule of law as work for peace and resilience, which was new International Development Association and Development (OECD-DAC) to support fundamental to sustainable and inclusive adopted in June 2017. The recommendation (IDA) initiative to provide dedicated funding its work on forced displacement issues development, and that governance and provides a guide to the steps needed to to low-income refugee hosting countries and to publish a report on addressing the rule of law can support or hinder advance dignified work for refugees, and (see regional summaries). Together, UNHCR forced displacement through development comprehensive solutions. For these reasons, affirms the contribution of the world of and the World Bank also agreed to establish planning. This report is aimed at informing in October 2017, UNHCR joined the work to prevention and to reconstruction a data centre on forced displacement, and donor strategies to support host countries Global Alliance on SDG 16 on peaceful after conflict. The ILO’s commitment to this continued to build understanding of each through the inclusion of refugees in and inclusive society as a co-chair. As a process, and to collaborating with UNHCR other’s respective operating and business development programmes. Other member of the Secretariat together with throughout the two-year review and drafting systems. development agencies, such as DEVCO process, was an example of the types of and JICA have significantly increased UNDP, UNESCO and UNODC, the Office In addition, UNHCR strengthened its collaboration needed to achieve outcomes their financial engagement to support guided, advised and advocated for the collaboration with the African Development in the interests of people of concern. In refugee-hosting countries in particular in inclusion of people of concern in all Bank (AfDB), focusing on support to UNHCR addition, UNHCR partnered with UNCDF the East and Horn of Africa in 2017. For SDG 16 Global Alliance work and in the projects in Cameroon, Niger and Zimbabwe. to establish a joint, multi-year facility, instance, DEVCO has played an important in run-up to events such as the General UNHCR and the AfDB also signed a new working with financial service providers in the regional approach to the Somali refugee Assembly High-Level Political Forums and fiduciary principles agreement in December ten countries to expand efforts in financial situation by being part of the IGAD Core Voluntary National Reviews on the SDGs. 2017, which provides an overall framework inclusion, meaning people of concern’s Group, while JICA has taken significant agreement that will apply to current and UNHCR provided technical support access to banking, credit and other basic steps to increase its support to refugees future contributions from AfDB to UNHCR. to ILO during the drafting of an ILO financial services (see the Building better and host communities through an area- recommendation on employment and decent futures thematic chapter). UNHCR also worked closely with the based approach in northern Uganda. Development Assistance Committee of the Organization for Economic Cooperation © Redondo UNHCR/Markel Mahmoud learns the insurance business at Allianz After fleeing war or persecution, the opportunity to work and earn a living is one of the best ways for refugees to rebuild Multi-Year, Multi-Partner strategies: a progressive approach to protection and solutions their lives and integrate into their host communities. Refugees are skilled and resourceful—they have to be to survive. With UNHCR’s Multi-Year, Multi-Partner (MYMP) is a strategic planning approach that applies a longer-term vision to the right supports, they can quickly become economically helping people of concern and their hosts. Strategic objectives are agreed with partners through an inclusive and independent and reclaim their lives. consultative process. Strategies run for three to five years, focusing on finding longer-term solutions for people of concern to UNHCR, putting them at the centre of planning and priority setting in the areas they live, and providing Mahmoud studied in Damascus, in the Syrian Arab Republic, support to national systems, institutions and civil society as outlined above. before the war. Now living in Germany, he says, “Employment is A Syrian refugee living in Germany succeeds in very important to integrate refugees”. His goal is to “succeed in training and in getting a job. In line with its Grand Bargain commitments and building on the lessons learned from the 2016 MYMP pilots training at Allianz and then get a job here. I really enjoy the work”. that ran across six operations, the MYMP approach was applied in 2017 in an additional 16 operations: Algeria, Brazil, Cameroon, Chad, Colombia, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mexico, Niger, Rwanda, the Regional Office for Northern Europe, and Ukraine. The 22 MYMP operations are currently translating their UNHCR’s engagement with the World strategies into their 2018–2019 operational plans. Bank continued to evolve throughout 2017. Due to their focus on helping improve long-term planning for solutions and protection in a more concerted effort with partners, MYMP strategies serve as a vehicle for the application of the CRRF. The lessons learnt from current The complementarity and comparative MYMP operations as well as the roll-out of the CRRF will inform the future expansion and institutionalization of the advantages of the two organizations were MYMP approach. key factors in driving this relationship In 2017, UNHCR committed to the full institutionalization of the MYMP approach. This commitment aligns with forwards in the past year. For example, broader agency efforts to revise UNHCR’s results-based management (RBM) system for 2022. some of the key achievements in 2017 were the launch of a Global Concessional Financing Facility for middle income countries (such as Jordan and Lebanon) and the completion of 11 missions as part of a

22 UNHCR GLOBAL REPORT 2017 UNHCR GLOBAL REPORT 2017 23 OVERVIEW | EXPANDING PARTNERSHIPS OVERVIEW | EXPANDING PARTNERSHIPS

A “whole-of-society” engagement © Ciyota "A “whole-of-society” engagement: a comprehensive refugee response Refugee-led organizations transform should involve a multi-stakeholder approach, including national and lives of people local authorities, international organizations, international financial Civil society plays an important role in advocating for constructive institutions, regional organizations, regional coordination and partnership and human responses to forced displacement at all levels, mechanisms, civil society partners, including faith-based organizations from the local to the global. Through stronger engagement and academia, the private sector, media and refugees themselves.” with refugee youth, several refugee-led organizations have been created. For example, the NGO COBURWAS (Burundi, the —New York Declaration, Annex 1, paragraph 2 Republic of the Congo, Rwanda and Sudan) and International Youth Organization to Transform Africa (CIYOTA)— which were among the five runners-up for the 2017 In the last few years, there has been a solutions to refugee challenges within the UNHCR Nansen Refugee Award—founded by young refugees from different nationalities in Uganda, growing global recognition that responses framework of the CRRF. Important steps helped to transform the lives of young refugees, particularly girls, through education. to global displacement must better meet were taken in relation to financial inclusion the needs of refugees and their host and access to jobs, including through policy communities alike. These developments changes, new financing mechanisms and Greater support from supporters around the running at a time of growing global showcase the growing importance of the involvement of the private sector in world, and the changes they can effect, was consensus that a fundamental change was a “whole-of-society” engagement in developing jobs compacts in Jordan and also visible across the range of campaigns needed in responses to refugee crises— responding to complex international Ethiopia. and initiatives designed to demonstrate that there was a need to do better by both issues—something which lies at the Of key importance to UNHCR’s work in 2017 public solidarity with refugees and other refugees and the countries that host them. very heart of the CRRF. It is therefore were six National Partners—Australia for people of concern. From the flagship not surprising that the government-led The campaign continued to engage the UNHCR, España con ACNUR (Spain), Japan campaigns such as #WithRefugees, and structures established in many CRRF community in two key ways: for UNHCR, Sverige för UNHCR (Sweden), the #IBelong campaign, to campaigns run countries brought together local authorities, UNO-Flüchtlingshilfe (Germany) and by UNHCR’s National Partners, to other • Individuals supportive of the cause signed humanitarian and development actors, civil USA for UNHCR. They were instrumental in initiatives at regional, national and local the #WithRefugees petition. society, refugees, host communities, and raising funds (see the chapter on Funding levels, when considered as a whole, these • Organizations showed their support by the private sector. UNHCR’s programmes). With over 1.3 million many actions—of generosity, of solidarity, joining the #WithRefugees coalition. Initiatives such as the Global Partnership for committed supporters worldwide and a regardless of how small—were significant The campaign also engaged diverse Education, which is working with UNHCR network of high profile advocates at both in showing that despite the often toxic communities through its #WithRefugees to support refugee inclusion in multi-year national and international level, the National narratives surrounding these issues, there solidarity map. This interactive map is a national education sector planning, with Partners remained an integral and powerful was a constituency of millions who cared visual representation of how refugees international support, and Education link between UNHCR and the general public. about refugees and other people of concern. and communities all around the world are Cannot Wait are injecting new energy By virtue of the fact these campaigns were The year witnessed significant acts of standing together. and resources, and mobilizing a much successful in engaging diverse audiences, solidarity rooted in civil society and broader range of actors than in the past. they also helped show that better By the end of 2017, the campaign had including volunteers and activists, faith United Nations agencies and NGO partners responses to displacement were also often measured more than 15 million solidarity groups, mayors, business leaders, and were also increasingly engaged, along “whole-of-society” responses. actions. This included 1.8 million signatures influential figures in sports and the arts. with a wide range of civil society entities, on the campaign petition, which asks UNHCR invested in building stronger ties municipalities and faith organizations. Mobilizing global public solidarity: leaders to ensure every refugee child has with international and national organizations #WithRefugees campaign an education; every refugee family has At a time when the number of people of of all kinds, including humanitarian, somewhere safe to live; and every refugee concern is rising steadily and the gap in development, human rights, faith-based In 2017, the #WithRefugees campaign can work or learn new skills to support their meeting their needs is growing, UNHCR has and academic. The international character continued to showcase global public families. The total also included actions continued to look to the private sector— of refugee protection benefitted from solidarity with refugees at a time of taken by supporters to share positive stories individuals, companies, foundations and interaction with collaborative networks of unprecedented numbers of people on the of refugees and communities working in philanthropists—for financial support, but cities, civil society organizations, sports move and increasing levels of xenophobic solidarity. also, increasingly, as a source of innovative entities, and business associations. sentiment. The campaign also continued

24 UNHCR GLOBAL REPORT 2017 UNHCR GLOBAL REPORT 2017 25 OVERVIEW | EXPANDING PARTNERSHIPS OVERVIEW | EXPANDING PARTNERSHIPS © UNHCR/Shaku Multimedia © UNHCR/Katie Barlow © UNHCR/Katie The refugee entrepreneur who Harnessing citizens’ goodwill can help brought sushi to Rwanda solve the refugee crisis After fleeing violence, the right to work meant Gilbert was A two-day meeting in Geneva in November 2017 was the latest in able to rebuild his seafood business. Now his company is a a series of thematic discussions convened by UNHCR, as part of member of the #WithRefugees coalition. a process to draw up a global compact on refugees, as the world In the 1990s, Gilbert and his family fled violence in the grapples with record numbers of refugees. Democratic Republic of the Congo and sought sanctuary in UNHCR is seeking ways of sharing responsibility for refugees more Rwanda. They had to leave behind everything they owned, fairly, which it wants to include in a programme of action as part including their seafood business. Fortunately, he was able of the compact, a process set in motion in last year’s New York to obtain a work permit in Rwanda and, after two years Congolese refugee helped bring sushi to Kigali. Merry Alaya and her son Joud, refugees from Aleppo, in Declaration. of hard work, he saved enough to start a new seafood the Syrian Arab Republic, moved to the United Kingdom in business. Today, Gilbert has a thriving seafood import February 2017 under that country’s resettlement scheme An important issue at the two-day meeting was how to increase business that employs many local Rwandans. Thanks to for vulnerable Syrians. solutions to the plight of refugees, which could include returning his efforts, you can also now order sushi in a restaurant home voluntarily when conditions allow, finding ways to become in Kigali. self-reliant in the country of asylum, or expanding opportunities for refugees to move to third countries through traditional The #WithRefugees campaign celebrates his story in resettlement or via a range of complementary pathways. this video. “We need to work with refugees as an investment in the future of the countries of origin. If we do it well, whatever we do in the refugee response will be massive investment in peacebuilding,” said UNHCR’s Assistant High Commissioner for Protection, Volker By the end of 2017, the #WithRefugees for the development of a global compact Türk, adding that the voice of refugees was critical in this process. coalition had nearly 300 members, on refugees to consolidate, advance and including sporting associations, embed a number of the encouraging trends development and humanitarian actors, outlined above. The High Commissioner will academic institutions and multinational propose the text of the global compact on corporations. The diversity of the coalition refugees for the consideration of the United The successful adoption and application of the CRRF, to embed the good has helped UNHCR showcase the ingenuity Nations General Assembly in 2018. implementation of the global compact on practices that have been observed, and to and impact of non-traditional actors In order to propose a global compact that refugees will require the spirit of solidarity ensure that the burden and responsibility supporting refugees. For an example, represents the views of the international demonstrated by host governments and for hosting large numbers of refugees is see this video showcasing how coalition community and can be adopted by the the communities that welcome refugees shared more equitably and predictably. partners in Europe stepped up to employ General Assembly by consensus, UNHCR across the globe to be matched by The global compact on refugees will build and train refugees. In 2017, the campaign’s undertook an extensive process of dialogue timely and predictable support from the upon the existing international legal system coalition partners continued to be critical with Member States and other relevant international community as a whole. for refugees, including the 1951 Refugee in breaking down the echo chamber and stakeholders. In 2017, this process included The global compact on refugees gives Convention and its 1967 Protocol, and spreading the message of refugee solidarity a series of five “thematic discussions” a unique opportunity to consolidate the further operationalize the strong expression to new audiences. to canvass proposals for inclusion in the progress that has been made so far in the of political will in the New York Declaration. global compact on refugees, as well as a Taking it to the next level: towards process of stocktaking during the annual a global compact on refugees High Commissioner’s Dialogue on In addition to setting out a number of Protection Challenges in December. By specific commitments and consolidating the end of 2017, UNHCR was preparing good practice in comprehensive refugee the “zero draft” of the global compact on responses with the CRRF, the New York refugees for release in January 2018. Declaration also established a process

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UNHCR’s emergency response; reinforcing UNHCR’s 48 operations. UNHCR and partners also continued to capacity to ensure effective leadership and raise awareness of the importance of birth registration GLOBAL STRATEGIC coordination of complex operation; and expanding as critical to securing the rights of children. staff development opportunities. Together with partners, UNHCR worked to prevent and respond to sexual and gender-based violence PRIORITIES 2016-2017 ACHIEVEMENTS (SGBV), and used mass sensitization and awareness campaigns, alongside targeted trainings of community Focused efforts on core GSP areas yielded positive leaders and influential groups, including youth results in 2017, with many operations reporting UNHCR’s Global Strategic Priorities (GSPs) for the align a number of the GSPs with the Sustainable and men. The Office continued advocating for the improvements in the situation of people of concern. 2016-2017 biennium set out important areas in which Development Goals (SDGs) covered by the 2030 inclusion of refugee children in national education Sustained advocacy efforts and technical support led UNHCR made targeted efforts at improving the Agenda for Sustainable Development, such as in the systems and national child protection services. to positive changes in legislation and policies which protection and the well-being of people of concern, areas of gender equality, peace and justice, food directly impact the life of refugees, IDPs and stateless UNHCR focused on reducing the cost and and in seeking solutions. The GSPs are divided into security, health, education, livelihoods, and WASH. persons. To support these changes UNHCR built the environmental footprint of water supply systems by two categories: a set of operational priorities for field At the field level, UNHCR continued to take an active capacity of key stakeholders, including governmental installing solar powered water pumping systems. The operations and a set of support and management role in national SDG discussions to advocate the authorities and civil society organizations, and expanded use of solar energy for water pumping in priorities for core corporate functions. inclusion of people of concern in national plans. supported national authorities with law or policy 19 operations reduced the associated cost of water The operational GSPs guided the development and Support and management GSPs provided direction development through provision of legal advice. supply by up to 80 per cent, mainly through fuel cost implementation of UNHCR’s overall strategy and to the work at UNHCR’s Headquarters and regional savings. UNHCR continued to strengthen registration annual operational plans and informed strategic offices engaged in providing oversight, policy processes and quality data collection, including Progress was also achieved in improving relations discussions at field level with partners and national development and operational support to field biometrics. The Office rolled out its biometric between displaced populations and host authorities for prioritization. Throughout the year, operations. In 2017, the support and management identity management system (BIMS) in an additional communities. Working jointly with the peaceful progress against the GSPs were closely monitored priorities included strengthening financial and 17 operations, and a total of 4.4 million people of coexistence committees, community support projects and corrective actions were undertaken when programme management; providing support and concern have now been biometrically enrolled in were implemented to enhance social cohesion required. Improvements have been made to better policy guidance on protection matters; enhancing

2017 PROGRESS AT A GLANCE | OPERATIONAL GSPs

FAVOURABLE FAIR PROTECTION SECURITY FROM COMMUNITY BASIC NEEDS AND PROTECTION PROCESSES AND VIOLENCE AND EMPOWERMENT SERVICES DURABLE SOLUTIONS ENVIRONMENT DOCUMENTATION EXPLOITATION AND SELF-RELIANCE

• Legislative changes enhancing • 64% of 53 situations maintained or • 85% of 104 situations maintained or • 62% of 98 surveyed camps or • 53% of 58 situations maintained or • 55% of 42 situations reported some the protection of asylum-seekers increased the systematic issuance improved the provision of support settlements met UNHCR’s standard increased the participation of women improvement in the local integration and refugees were reported in of birth certificates for newborn to known SGBV survivors. for global acute malnutrition (≤10 %). in leadership structures. of refugees. 27 countries. children. • 79% of 70 situations reported • All of 135 monitored sites met • 48% of 65 situations reported • 79% of 42 situations reported • Improvements in the national laws • 81% of 96 situations maintained or increased community involvement UNHCR’s standard for mortality improvements in the relations supporting refugees to repatriate and policies on IDPs were reported increased the levels of individual in prevention and protection of among children under five years old between people of concern and local voluntarily, in safety and dignity, in 10 countries. registration. SGBV survivors. (<1.5/1,000/month). communities. where conditions permit. • 12 countries amended their • 65% of 74 situations maintained • 61% of 70 situations maintained • 84% of 38 operations reported an nationality laws to more effectively or increased the number of or increased the percentage of increase in the number of people of prevent statelessness or to protect unaccompanied or separated households living in adequate concern between the age of 18 to 59 the rights of stateless persons. refugee children for whom a best dwellings. who were self-employed or with their interests procedure has been own business. • A number of States took important initiated or completed. • 85% of 46 situations maintained or steps to grant nationality to increased levels of water supply at • 63% of 96 situations maintained stateless persons, resulting in some • 71% of 44 situations increased sites. or increased the enrolment rate of 56,500 stateless persons who non-discriminatory access to primary school-aged children. acquired or had their nationality national child protection and confirmed. social services.

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and addressed the shared needs of local host nutritional assistance, and a rise in food insecurity. In that regard, operations faced challenges in the MORE INFORMATION communities and displaced people. Through these Approximately 3.3 million refugees received less than implementation of effective best interests procedures projects UNHCR used social, recreational, cultural, acceptable standards of food assistance (based on due to limited specialized services and lack of A summary of progress made against UNHCR’s GSPs and livelihoods activities to bolster relationships 2,100 kcal/person/day). quality community-based alternative care options in 2017 is presented below. Additional examples are highlighted throughout this publication. Detailed between displaced and host community members, to for unaccompanied or separated refugee children, in Despite important progress made in 2017, UNHCR reporting on UNHCR’s achievements and challenges enhance integration, and to increase self-reliance. particular for adolescent boys. continued to face challenges in promoting equality across all GSP areas in 2017 can be found in the and achieving meaningful participation of women and While UNHCR made important progress in expanding progress report, which is available on the Global CHALLENGES girls in decision-making processes and leadership refugees’ financial inclusion and promoting refugees’ Focus website (see QR Code below). The report structures. In a number of UNHCR’s operations, right to work, existing legal frameworks or practical outlines the progress achieved against each of Difficulty in achieving progress in some priority societal attitudes hampering women’s and girls’ obstacles, such as high unemployment and poverty the GSPs, includes additional highlights from field areas was most often linked to the challenge of participation in leadership structures were common. rates in many host countries, continued to impede operations, and information on global and regional accommodating a comprehensive response with finite Progress towards overcoming this challenge is slow, access to safe and sustainable employment for people initiatives that further reinforced and complemented budgetary resources, and the need to prioritize certain as beliefs and engrained societal expectations often of concern. UNHCR continued to advocate with States the actions taken. interventions over others. The overall increasing require incremental change. Ensuring access to for legal work rights for refugees, and strengthened needs in most countries where UNHCR was present assistance and basic services was also challenging partnerships including with development actors largely exceeded the availability of resources. because of the increasing number of people of and the private sector to increase access to work Limited resources resulted in cuts to food and concern on the move, or living in urban areas. opportunities for people of concern.

2017 PROGRESS AT A GLANCE | SUPPORT AND MANAGEMENT GSPs

FINANCIAL INTERNATIONAL INFORMATION AND COORDINATION PROGRAMME EMERGENCY MOBILIZATION HUMAN MANAGEMENT PROTECTION COMMUNICATIONS MANAGEMENT PREPAREDNESS AND OF SUPPORT RESOURCES TECHNOLOGIES RESPONSE • UNHCR upgraded its • Legal advice, guidance • UNHCR enhanced • The three Global Clusters • UNHCR’s Needs • Lifesaving assistance • The level of donor support • UNHCR continued the enterprise resource and operational support security governance, for Protection, Camp Assessment Handbook through core relief items received by UNHCR work on ensuring that the planning system that on a range of protection implemented an Coordination and Camp was issued, accompanied was provided to 1.2 million reached over $3.9 billion, Office is benefiting from adopts industry best issues was provided information security Management, and Shelter by a variety of actions to displaced people in 2017. with income from private a diverse workforce and improve joint assessment sector fundraising of achieving gender parity. practice and standards to field operations and programme, and provided guidance and • UNHCR trained 1,350 and will lead to improving States, including on legal strengthened field support to cluster analysis in the inter-agency $400 million. context, as well as within staff and partners on • Launched several new overall effectiveness. obligations and individual cybersecurity, data members and field emergency preparedness • UNHCR’s #WithRefugees certification programmes, rights of people of protection and privacy coordinators in over UNHCR operations. • The Office further and response, including campaign, which aims to including on programme concern. controls, ensuring 20 operations, including • Some 8 million people through workshops on showcase global public management, human strengthened its financial protection of data of through the deployment management capacity • In support of the #IBelong were assisted with cash emergency management, solidarity with refugees, resources and supply people of concern. of surge capacity staff and in 94 countries. The senior emergency measured more than chain management and by issuing new guidance, Campaign to end technical experts. tools and advanced statelessness by 2024, • For the first time, Office provided technical leadership programme, 15 million solidarity actions offered 30 key learning learning opportunities. UNHCR produced a UNHCR mobilized the support to 57 country and situational emergency in favour of refugees. programmes to over number of new guidance Refugee Emergency operations and 5 regional trainings, among others. This included 1.8 million 4,000 UNHCR staff. • The financial statement materials, including a Telecommunications offices in implementing signatures on the for 2017 was prepared in cash-based intervention • A revised Policy on campaign petition. guide on programming Sector mechanism that, Emergency Preparedness compliance with IPSAS for statelessness, a within the framework of programmes. accounting standards. and Response was issued. • The Executive Committee paper on good practices the Refugee Coordination The policy improves grew from 98 to 101 on birth registration Model, coordinates the and simplifies access Members, reflecting the for the prevention of provision of internet to human, financial and increasing global interest statelessness, and a connectivity and security material resources, and and support of the work of paper on the Sustainable communications services has an enhanced focus UNHCR. Development Goals and to the wider humanitarian on partnerships and addressing statelessness. community in refugee inclusivity. emergencies. • Over 62 security support missions were conducted including to emergency operations in Angola, Bangladesh, Iraq and Uganda.

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This growth clearly reflected the increasing or total funding. However, unearmarked funding from the worsening crises generating greater needs for more private sector increased to $207 million, accounting for Funding UNHCR’s people in more places. 35 per cent of UNHCR’s unearmarked funding in 2017. By the end of 2017, UNHCR’s revised budget had Expenditure totalled $4.1 billion, including $1.5 billion grown from $7.309 billion to $7.963 billion. Eight disbursed to partners. The implementation rate was Programmes supplementary budgets totalling $832.1 million were 90.6 per cent. As a result of a significant increase added during the year, and there was a budget in 2017 of the needs compared to 2016, taking into reduction of $179 million. This meant a net increase in account funds available the funding gap increased from This chapter presents an overview of UNHCR’s With the total population of concern to UNHCR the final budget of $653 million from the beginning 41.3 per cent in 2016 to 43.3 per cent in 2017. This requirements, income and expenditure in 2017. growing to 71.4 million people, UNHCR’s global needs of the year. meant a higher percentage of the global needs of More detailed information can be found based budget grew nearly nine per cent during the people of concern to UNHCR were unfunded when on UNHCR’s main operational reporting year. Total funds available to UNHCR reached $4.510 billion, compared to 2016. platform, Global Focus. with flexible funding—unearmarked and softly earmarked funding—decreasing as a percentage of

TABLE 1 | BUDGET AND EXPENDITURE | USD

PILLAR 1 PILLAR 2 PILLAR 3 PILLAR 4 PILLAR 1 PILLAR 2 PILLAR 3 PILLAR 4

Refugee Stateless Reintegration IDP Refugee Stateless Reintegration IDP REGION AND SUB-REGION TOTAL REGION AND SUB-REGION TOTAL programme programme projects projects programme programme projects projects

AFRICA EUROPE West Africa Budget 182,697,844 8,419,440 64,581,448 53,530,843 309,229,576 Eastern Europe Budget 392,981,355 2,112,774 - 34,555,929 429,650,058 Expenditure 94,365,988 4,868,402 26,097,946 19,791,134 145,123,470 Expenditure 166,230,090 1,441,161 - 19,248,648 186,919,900 East and Horn of Africa Budget 1,673,407,105 6,081,350 29,806,677 107,695,287 1,816,990,419 South-Eastern Europe Budget 36,436,016 3,274,512 3,812,592 17,684,996 61,208,117 Expenditure 799,646,839 2,665,885 17,823,404 47,851,756 867,987,884 Expenditure 24,173,828 2,406,665 1,899,693 6,955,167 35,435,353 Central Africa and the Great Lakes Budget 527,971,356 3,104,477 62,632,419 91,903,478 685,611,730 Northern, Western, Central and Southern Europe Budget 333,136,416 2,979,033 774,243 - 336,889,691 Expenditure 254,086,189 791,153 19,893,064 35,816,625 310,587,030 Expenditure 270,971,832 2,472,248 679,460 - 274,123,540 Southern Africa Budget 111,888,477 1,479,829 - - 113,368,306 SUBTOTAL EUROPE Budget 762,553,787 8,366,319 4,586,836 52,240,925 827,747,866 Expenditure 65,426,650 948,936 - - 66,375,585 Expenditure 461,375,750 6,320,074 2,579,153 26,203,815 496,478,792 SUBTOTAL AFRICA Budget 2,495,964,781 19,085,097 157,020,545 253,129,608 2,925,200,031 THE AMERICAS Expenditure 1,213,525,666 9,274,374 63,814,415 103,459,516 1,390,073,970 North America and the Caribbean Budget 17,629,756 12,159,555 - - 29,789,311 MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA Expenditure 9,295,155 6,205,793 - - 15,500,948 Latin America Budget 90,001,777 1,727,437 - 29,868,265 121,597,480 Middle East Budget 1,077,226,947 1,616,494 146,000,000 803,385,041 2,028,228,482 Expenditure 55,025,058 1,147,981 - 14,363,253 70,536,292 Expenditure 714,994,398 962,580 4,841,298 368,163,372 1,088,961,648 North Africa Budget 217,910,614 - - 14,145,268 232,055,882 SUBTOTAL AMERICAS Budget 107,631,533 13,886,992 - 29,868,265 151,386,791 Expenditure 116,298,449 - - 10,965,047 127,263,496 Expenditure 64,320,212 7,353,774 - 14,363,253 86,037,240 SUBTOTAL NORTH AFRICA AND MIDDLE EAST Budget 1,295,137,562 1,616,494 146,000,000 817,530,309 2,260,284,364 SUBTOTAL FIELD Budget 5,098,961,494 57,824,884 406,430,056 1,200,034,449 6,763,250,883 Expenditure 831,292,847 962,580 4,841,298 379,128,419 1,216,225,144 Expenditure 2,793,127,318 32,673,820 99,121,067 553,511,596 3,478,433,801 ASIA AND THE PACIFIC South-West Asia Budget 240,902,368 235,000 98,822,675 21,986,592 361,946,635 Global Programmes Budget 435,531,073 - - - 435,531,073 Expenditure 111,961,995 139,759 27,886,202 18,357,881 158,345,837 Expenditure 366,082,944 - - - 366,082,944 Central Asia Budget 6,518,234 2,434,971 - - 8,953,206 Headquarters1 Budget 241,179,100 - - - 241,179,100 Expenditure 3,563,764 1,922,178 - - 5,485,943 Expenditure 231,161,109 - - - 231,161,109 South Asia Budget 27,912,951 847,055 - - 28,760,006 Expenditure 16,192,458 759,903 - - 16,952,362 SUBTOTAL PROGRAMMED ACTIVITIES Budget 5,775,671,667 57,824,884 406,430,056 1,200,034,449 7,439,961,056 South-East Asia Budget 149,944,782 10,917,602 - 25,278,749 186,141,132 Expenditure 3,390,371,371 32,673,820 99,121,067 553,511,596 4,075,677,854 Expenditure 81,697,824 5,554,010 - 11,998,713 99,250,547 Operational Reserve Budget 490,896,196 - - - 490,896,196 East Asia and the Pacific Budget 12,395,498 435,354 - - 12,830,852 NAM Reserve2 Budget 20,000,000 - - - 20,000,000 Expenditure 9,196,801 387,166 - - 9,583,967 JPO Budget 12,000,000 - - - 12,000,000 SUBTOTAL ASIA AND THE PACIFIC Budget 437,673,832 14,869,983 98,822,675 47,265,341 598,631,831 Expenditure 7,674,047 - - - 7,674,047 Expenditure 222,612,842 8,763,016 27,886,202 30,356,593 289,618,654 SUBTOTAL PROGRAMMED ACTIVITIES Budget 6,298,567,864 57,824,884 406,430,056 1,200,034,449 7,962,857,253 Expenditure 3,398,045,418 32,673,820 99,121,067 553,511,596 4,083,351,901

1 Includes allocations from the UN Regular Budget. 2 “New or additional activities - mandate-related” (NAM) Reserve.

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2017 BUDGET The budget reflected UNHCR’s priorities CHART 1 | PROGRAMMED ACTIVITIES: REVISED AND FINAL BUDGETS and capacities. Globally, Pillar 1 (refugee BY REGION AND PILLAR | 2017 th The Executive Committee, at its 66 session programmes) was the largest component in October 2015, approved an original of the final budget, at 79 per cent, and global needs-based budget for 2017 of was also that portion of the budget that th $6.408 billion. At its 67 session in October increased the most, by $440 million. 2016, the Executive Committee approved Regionally, the largest budget was in a revised budget of $7.309 billion based Africa, at $2.925 billion, or 39 per cent on updated requirements. The final annual of programmed activities. Within Africa, Reised budget Final budget budget of $7.963 billion for 2017 represents $1.816 billion, or 62 per cent of Africa’s 7.309 billion 7.963 billion the sum of the approved revised budget budget, was in the East and Horn of Africa, Pillar 1 80% | $5.858 billion Pillar 1 79% | $6.298 billion of $7.309 billion and the total additional reflective of a series of protracted and Pillar 2 1% | $53 million Pillar 2 1% | $57.8 million needs identified during the course of the overlapping crises. Pillar 3 3% | $246 million Pillar 3 5% | $406.4 million year (eight supplementary budgets totalling Pillar 4 16% | $1.152 billion Pillar 4 15% | $1.200 billion $832.1 million), and a budget reduction of There were other significant increases $179 million. This meant a net increase in during the year which reflected changing the final budget of $653 million from the needs and contexts. In South-East Asia, beginning of the year, and overall budget budgets for Pillar 1 and Pillar 2 (stateless growth of 9 per cent. programme) grew by 49 per cent and 68 per cent respectively as a result of the Revised budget The final budget of $7.963 billion comprised outflow of refugees from Myanmar. In the Final budget programmed activities of $7.439 billion Middle East and North Africa region,

(including management and administration $146 million was added to Pillar 3 PILLAR 1: REFUGEE PROGRAMME PILLAR 2: STATELESS PROGRAMME costs at Headquarters, which were covered (reintegration projects) for assistance 4 000 30 Millions Millions 3 500 in part by the United Nations Regular Budget in the Syrian Arab Republic (Syria). 25 3 000 contribution but which, at $43.3 million, 20 The budget reduction of $179 million was 2 500 accounted for barely 1 per cent of funds 2 000 15 mainly due to the realignment of the available in 2017); an operational reserve 1 500 inter-agency Regional Refugee and 10 of $490.9 million; the “new or additional 1 000 5 activities – mandate-related” reserve of Resilience Plan in response to the Syria 500 0 0 crisis (3RP). Africa Americas Asia and the Europe Global Headquarters Middle East $20 million; and $12 million for Junior Africa Americas Asia and the Europe Global Headquarters Middle East Pacific Programmes and North Pacific Programmes and North Africa Professional Officers. Africa

PILLAR 3: REINTEGRATION PROJECTS PILLAR 4: IDP PROJECTS 250 1 400 Millions Millions 1 200 200 1 000

150 800

600 100

400 50 200

0 0 Africa Americas Asia and the Europe Global Headquarters Middle East Africa Americas Asia and the Europe Global Headquarters Middle East Pacific Programmes and North Pacific Programmes and North Africa Africa

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SUPPLEMENTARY BUDGETS (see Chart 2). These were for emergencies 2017 INCOME ranging from South Sudan in January, to the With the priorities driving the increase outflows from the Democratic Republic of Chart 6 | LEVELS OF EARMARKING | 2012-2017 in UNHCR’s budget coming mostly from the Congo in June, to the Myanmar crisis the need to respond to new or worsening in September. The financial requirements Unearmarked funding has increased in absolute terms from $451 million in CHART 3 | LEVELS OF EARMARKING | 2017 crises, eight supplementary budgets, for these budgets came to 11 per cent of 2012 to $589 million in 2017, but in percentage terms it reduced from two of which were revised, were issued programmed activities. 20 percent to 15 per cent between 2012 and 2017

CHART 2 | SUPPLEMENTARYChart XX | Supplementary BUDGETS appeals | 2017 | 2017 2017 15 20 45 20 Burundi situation | $33.3 million | 4%

Central Mediterranean route situation Syria situation | $146 million | 18% $56.7 million | 7%

DRC situation | $34.3 million | 4% 2012 20 32 20 28 Myanmar situation | $53.6 million | 6%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Total supplementary budgets Nigeria situation | $49.7 million | 6% $832.1 million Unearmarked Softly earmarked Earmarked Tightly earmarked

Somalia situation | $85 million | 10% Trends in income (2012-2017) • Despite some fluctuations, softly earmarked funding and earmarked funding remained • The share of flexible funding (unearmarked at similar levels over the period in review. South Sudan situation | $373.5 million | 45% and softly earmarked) has reduced from 52% in 2012 to 35% in 2017. This meant • Earmarking has almost quadrupled that about two thirds of UNHCR’s income in absolute terms, increasing from Refugee Response Plans communities, operational strategy and in 2017 was earmarked at the country level $457 million to almost $1.728 billion. financial requirements. In 2017, five RRPs In line with the Refugee Coordination Model, and below. Matching earmarked funding with prioritized were in place with plans for the Syria and UNHCR continued to assume its leadership activities can be at times very challenging. Yemen crises co-led, respectively with • Although unearmarked funding has role in refugee situations, nominating UNDP and IOM. The RRPs involved more increased in absolute terms from $451 • While earmarking at the country level regional refugee coordinators responsible million in 2012 to $589 million in 2017, provides some level of flexibility, it does for leading operational planning, resource than 540 partners, requested nearly in percentage terms it reduced from not provide the flexibility of unearmarked mobilization and implementation of the $7.4 billion in funding to meet assessed 20 percent to 15 per cent between 2012 or softly earmarked funding, and is a step Refugee Response Plans (RRPs). The needs, and reported $3.5 billion in and 2017 away from commitments made by donors contributions. The overall funding level of RRPs provide a comprehensive picture under the Grand Bargain. of identified needs, impact on host RRPs was 48 per cent (see table below). • However, unearmarked funding from the private sector is rising, especially from National Partners. INTER-AGENCY INTER-AGENCY FUNDING LEVEL Table 2 | Refugee Response Plans BUDGET FUNDING RECEIVED

Burundi RRP 429,309,626 88,998,521 21% Europe RMRP 690,935,696 360,784,479 52% Nigeria RRP 241,157,206 145,260,912 60% South Sudan RRP 1,383,971,569 464,792,416 34% Syria 3RP 4,633,255,733 2,484,154,016 54%

TOTAL 7,378,629,830 3,543,990,344 48%

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CHART 4 | SOURCES OF INCOME | 2017 There was a significant decline in the The timing and the type of income received income from pooled funding mechanisms, during the year point to two key features. with contributions from the CERF declining Firstly, for most of the year, the timeliness nearly 50 per cent to $36.6 million, its of income lagged behind the rate in 2016 Goernments lowest level since 2007. The primary reason which, given UNHCR was faced with higher and the European Union for this was the prioritization by CERF of needs, was challenging. Only in the last $3.365 billion famine response in Africa, and its focus on quarter did receipt of contributions come a limited set of actors and sectors for that close to the 2016 level. By that point, emergency response. Pooled funding in however, UNHCR’s budget was $453 million general declined quite significantly by higher than in 2016, and goes towards 32 per cent compared to 2016. explaining why in 2017 the gap between UN pooled funding and % Intergoernmental donors the needs and resources (43 per cent) was 87 UNHCR received $32.9 million in in-kind $75 million larger than in 2016 (41 per cent). contributions, of which some 34 per cent Priate donors 10% 2% 1% $400 million UN Regular Budget was support for premises. Other in-kind Secondly, earmarked funding increased $43 million Note: Contributions exclude $59 million for implementation in 2018. support included provision of standby substantially to 65 per cent of UNHCR’s partners, and supply of non-food items. voluntary contributions.

Sources and diversity of income terms, from $793.4 million to $1.450 billion, an 82 per cent increase, with support for Despite rising needs, voluntary contributions supplementary appeals staying strong. in 2017 did not quite reach the levels of 2016. Germany increased in percentage terms UNHCR’s donor base remained stable, as very significantly by 590 per cent, from CHART 5 | CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE TOP TEN DONORS | 2017 did most of the trends regarding the sources $69.2 million to $477 million. Chart Contributions from the top ten donors 2017 and quality of funding. The European Union also increased The top three donors provided 61 per cent of voluntary contributions, with the top ten overall–including UNHCR received voluntary contributions from $167 million to $430 million, or España con ACNUR–providing 79 per cent from 147 donors (146 in 2016), ranging from 161 per cent. Regarding those donors giving Member States to pooled funds to private over $20 million, the picture was generally España con ACNUR $80.7 million | 2% Netherlands | $75.7 million | 2% individuals (see Table 5). The main source one of fluctuations in contributions, with Canada | $81.8 million | 2% of diversity came from the private sector. some notable increases such as Italy from Norway | $98.9 million | 3%

Individual donors increased 22 per cent from $12.8 million to $51.4 million, France Sweden | $111.9 million | 3% 1.57 million in 2016 to 1.92 million in 2017. from $23.2 million to $39.7 million, and Belgium from $16.8 million to $23 million. United Kingdom The profiles of UNHCR’s top donors was $136.2 million | 3% The commitment to unearmarked funding virtually unchanged, as was the percentage remained strong from donors such as of income from the top ten (see Chart 5). Japan | $152.3 million | 4% Sweden, the Netherlands, the United Contributions from the United States of America When taking the last five years, from 2012 Kingdom and Norway. Some emerging top ten donors came to $1.450 billion | 37% to 2017, there have been notable increases donors also increased, such as China. In 3.101 billion in contributions from some donors, notably 2012, China contributed $474,630, but this within the top three. The United States of had increased to $11.1 million in 2017, European Union America increased the most in absolute an increase of more than 2,000 per cent. $436 million | 11%

Germany | $476.9 million | 12%

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CHART 6 | TOP TEN SOURCES OF UNEARMARKED FUNDS | 2017 $52.1 million or 9 per cent. The Swedish and UNHCR received $768 million in softly Chart XX | Top ten sources of unearmarked funds | 2017 Dutch contributions each accounted earmarked funding, the majority from the for 68 per cent and 69 per cent respectively United States of America. Overall, this was of contributions from those two governments a decline from 2016, when UNHCR received Private donors in Italy | $21.2 million | 4% (see Chart 6). $786 million in softly earmarked funding. Private donors in the USA | $22.6 million | 4% Sweden | $76 million | 13% The top donors of softly earmarked funding Six of the top ten sources of unearmarked were the United States of America, with Denmark | $22.8 million | 4% funding were governments, which provided $481.6 million or 63 per cent; Germany, with $262 million. This accounted for 64 per cent $143.5 million or 19 per cent; and Norway, of funding from the top ten contributors of Japan | $24.9 million | 4% with $16.5 million or 2 per cent. A range unearmarked funding, and 45 per cent of of other donors contributed the remaining The top ten sources of all unearmarked funding. Also within that $126.2 million, or 16 per cent. unearmarked funding top ten, there were four private sector proided 408.3 million, In 2017, UNHCR recorded over $638 million in Private donors in the or 69% of all donors—the National Partners in Spain and Repubic of Korea España con ACNUR multi-year funding, defined as contributions $31.6 million | 5% unearmarked funding the United States of America, as well as $70.8 million | 12% for which the implementation period is over funds from the private sector in Italy and 24 months. However, nearly half of it— the Republic of Korea—which contributed 49 per cent—was earmarked, with only $146.1 million, or 36 per cent of unearmarked Norway | $40.9 million | 7% 26 per cent unearmarked and 25 per cent funding from the top ten donors. The softly earmarked. Although multi-year contributions from those four private sector funding can be a valuable indicator of Netherlands | $52.1 million | 9% sources also accounted for just over 70 per predictability and flexibility, this can be United Kingdom | $45.3 million | 8% cent of all unearmarked funding raised from undercut if it comes with high levels the private sector. of earmarking.

Flexibility of funding Unearmarked funding in 2017 came to $588.7 million from 87 donors (Table 3). TABLE 3 | DONORS CONTRIBUTING OVER $1 MILLION UNHCR defines two main types of funding This was a 4.6 per cent increase on the IN UNEARMARKED FUNDING | 2017 as flexible. Softly earmarked funding— $562.6 million received in 2016. Although which can be used across a given region or an increase, it has to be set against the DONOR TOTAL DONOR TOTAL situation in accordance with the priorities general decline in the overall percentage of and activities identified by UNHCR (see unearmarked income against total income Sweden 76,078,687 Canada 9,251,101 Private Donors in Spain Belgium 8,503,401 overleaf)—and the most valued, which is received underway since 2012. Critically, 70,824,438 unearmarked funding. Netherlands 52,154,195 Ireland 8,004,269 however, over 75 per cent of UNHCR’s United Kingdom 45,278,137 Private Donors in China 7,939,358 Contributed without restrictions on its use, unearmarked funding was received in the Norway 40,887,850 Finland 7,430,998 first quarter of the year, a vital indication Private Donors in the Republic of Korea 31,635,485 Private Donors worldwide 5,265,110 unearmarked funding allows UNHCR critical of timeliness and providing the Office with Japan 24,850,314 Private Donors in Canada 4,541,772 flexibility in how best to reach refugees and New Zealand 4,008,016 valuable flexibility. Denmark 22,831,050 other populations of concern who are in the Private Donors in the United States of America 22,566,691 Republic of Korea 3,413,449 greatest need and at the greatest risk. All The top three donors of unearmarked Private Donors in Italy 21,170,763 Private Donors in the Netherlands 2,111,462 Luxembourg 1,857,749 UNHCR offices benefit from the allocation funding were Sweden with $76 million or Private Donors in Japan 19,290,812 Private Donors in Sweden 19,145,997 Morocco 1,000,000 of these resources, with the largest share 13 per cent of all unearmarked funding; Australia 18,670,650 Saudi Arabia 1,000,000 spent on delivering programmes in the field, private donors in Spain with $70.8 million Switzerland 14,792,899 Kuwait 1,000,000 and the balance used to support global or 12 per cent, all of which was channelled France 14,000,000 Donors giving over $1 million 581,856,254 programmes, without which UNHCR would through the National Partner, España con Germany 12,273,212 All other donors 6,861,448 Italy 10,078,387 TOTAL UNEARMARKED FUNDING 588,717,703 not be able to deliver on its mandate. ACNUR; and the Netherlands with

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FOCUS ON THE PRIVATE SECTOR individuals donated to UNHCR, with UNHCR’s global network of private sector Nearly half the income raised ($192 million) income from private individuals growing fundraising operations includes offices and came from Europe, followed by 29 per cent Since 2014, UNHCR has almost doubled its by $53 million. Such broad-based support National Partners in around 30 markets, ($115 million) from Asia, 13 per cent income from the private sector, reaching from individuals and companies is an with ten countries contributing 85 per cent ($50 million) from the Americas and $400 million in 2017, or 10 per cent of encouraging example of the “whole-of- of UNHCR’s private sector income, 10 per cent ($42 million) from the Middle East voluntary contributions. Private individuals society” approach that UNHCR’s advocates a broadly similar breakdown to the top ten and North Africa. The emergency campaign donated $276 million. Partnerships with for. Importantly, the cost ratio has been breakdown of the governmental donors. for the Rohingya crisis raised over $30 million companies, foundations and wealthy reduced to 32 per cent, meaning that for in the last quarter of the year with $12.6 million More than half of all income in 2017 philanthropists provided the remaining every dollar invested, three dollars are raised from the Middle East and North ($213.5 million) was raised by the six $124 million. Just over 1.92 million returned to fund UNHCR operations. Africa. UNHCR also initiated fundraising National Partners, with España con ACNUR operations in Africa with the objective of raising $80.7 million, equivalent to mobilizing the private sector and raising 20 per cent of all private sector income. Chart 8 I PSP contributions and donor numbers awareness of the refugee cause in the continent (see Africa regional summary). CHART 7 | PSP CONTRIBUTIONS AND DONOR NUMBERS | 2017 UNHCR’s National Partners Total income Donor numbers

2,500,000 450,000,000 “The National Partners are vital to the success of UNHCR’s mission. National Partners are critical to public engagement and 400,000,000 the vision of a whole-of-society approach by raising awareness, 2,000,000 350,000,000 conducting advocacy, driving innovation, diversifying support, and contributing financially to the activities of UNHCR around the world.” 300,000,000 Filipo Grandi, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 1,500,000 250,000,000 UNHCR’s National Partners are independent, level, the National Partners are an integral 200,000,000 1,000,000 non-governmental organizations, established and powerful link between UNHCR and the 150,000,000 in accordance with the laws of the country general public. in which they operate. There are currently 100,000,000 Committed and passionate, and with 500,000 six UNHCR National Partners: Australia for wide and strong areas of partnership and 50,000,000 UNHCR, España con ACNUR in Spain, Japan for UNHCR, Sverige för UNHCR in Sweden, collaboration, the National Partners used PSP CONTRIBUTIONS IN USD NUMBER OF DONORS USA for UNHCR, and UNO-Flüchtlingshilfe their strong presence on social media and 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 in Germany. a wide range of tools such as face to face fundraising, direct response television, Instrumental not only in securing income—on digital outreach and marketing, and average 93 per cent of private income from innovative awareness raising campaigns the six countries where National Partners At $207 million, private sector unearmarked $124.1 million, or 31 per cent. The most to help influence the general public and are present is channelled through them—the funding was UNHCR’s largest single source significant contributions from private sector the private sector towards the cause of National Partners raised awareness about of such funds, and accounted for 52 per cent partnerships were from Educate A Child refugees and other people of concern. refuges and UNHCR in their countries and of all private sector contributions. Softly Programme ($19 million), IKEA Foundation Expanding these partnerships further to engaged millions of people in support of the earmarked funding came to $69 million, ($18 million) and UNIQLO ($12 million, leverage public support for the refugee refugee cause. or 17 per cent of private sector contributions, including the donation from UNIQLO's cause is resulting in the development and tightly earmarked funding was founder, Mr Tadeshi Yanai). With over 1.3 million committed supporters of dynamic methods of fundraising and worldwide and a network of high profile communications which are unique to advocates at both national and international each market.

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CHART 8 | INCOME FROM NATIONAL PARTNERS | 2017 the cash assistance programme for Syrian UNO-Flüchtlingshilfe (Germany) – An refugee families in Jordan triggered a integrated communication strategy across remarkable reaction from middle-giving all channels formed the basis for successful Income from National Partners 2017 donors. The welcoming of Goodwill fundraising, in particular a mailing Japan for UNHCR $21.5 million | 10% Ambassador Yusra Mardini to Tokyo and programme which generated $8.4 million. 118,000 individual donors the appointment of MIYAVI as the first In 2017, 41,151 new donors were acquired, Goodwill Ambassador from Japan attracted 16,900 of whom through face-to-face Sverige för UNHCR $21.8 million | 10% broad attention from the Japanese media. outreach, and some 8,400 through 132,000 individual donors España con ACNUR The 12th Refugee Film Festival and Tokyo digital. Particular focus was on supporting $80.7 million | 38% 500,000 individual donors Marathon Charity continued to offer unique emergency response in East Africa, and Total opportunities, through the power of culture winterization mainly in the Middle East. 213.5 million and sports, to demonstrate solidarity with Australia for UNHCR USA for UNHCR – In addition to responding $24.3 million | 11% people forced to flee. 90,000 individual donors to crises including the Syria and the Sverige för UNHCR (Sweden) – Strong Rohingya emergencies, and supporting fundraising programmes together with innovative programmes such as cash successful public relations campaigns and assistance, shelter, children at risk and UNO-Flüchtlingshilfe activities helped the organization reach its winterization, USA for UNHCR focused on $28.5 million | 13% 196,000 individual donors goals. Nearly 17,000 new committed donors raising awareness and educating Americans USA for UNHCR $36.7 million | 17% were acquired, and support from some on the refugee crisis and supporting 120,000 individual donors 62,000 one-off donors was maintained. US-based resettlement groups including Income from strategic partnerships Hello Neighbor and the Refugee Congress. surpassed expectations thanks to larger USA for UNHCR also built and developed donations from the Swedish Postcode strong partnerships with some of the most Lottery, H&M Foundation, successful well-known and influential corporations Australia for UNHCR – Strong support España con ACNUR (Spain) – 2017 saw cause-related marketing campaigns with globally including Google, Facebook was provided to emergency appeals continued and sustained growth and, in Lindex and in kind donations from Toyota and UPS, developing tailored campaigns including for food insecurity in Africa, and addition to what it raised from individual Sweden. Public relations activities and utilizing each company’s strength to the Rohingya crisis response. The latter donors, España con ACNUR raised almost campaigns were carried out together with leverage a global community to enlist was Australia for UNHCR’s most successful $4 million from decentralized public influencers and celebrities and helped more people to support refugees. campaign ever, raising $5.6 million, including institutions. These spectacular figures are increase awareness and fundraising. a $1.9 million matched funding grant from the result of an integrated awareness and the Australian Government. Donors also communication strategy that has involved supported livelihoods projects in Uganda, different fundraising channels such as cash assistance in Jordan and child protection face-to-face, digital, multichannel, and PSP Rohingya Emergency Fundraising Campaign in Ethiopia. Advocacy grew by launching working in tandem with the biggest Thirteen UNHCR Private Sector Partnership (PSP) Offices and all six National Partners raised $31 million in unearmarked an Australian #WithRefugees platform, foundations and corporations in the country, and earmarked funding over the eight month-long Rohingya Emergency Fundraising Campaign. UNHCR led global private sector fundraising efforts, mobilizing support for the Rohingya refugees a full two weeks before any other mobilising an integrated World Refugee Day such as La Caixa Banking Foundation. Hoping to replicate its success and pass on lessons humanitarian agency and raising triple the original goal set for the campaign. campaign and supporting UNHCR’s Regional learned, ECA began working with UNHCR to During the initial phase of the campaign, there was a new donation every minute across UNHCR’s global donation Representation in Canberra. Social media pages. Many were new donors turning to UNHCR as a humanitarian leader on the Rohingya crisis. In addition to set up a new National Partner in Argentina. grew 33 per cent to over 315,000 followers. generous donations from individuals, UNHCR received significant support from corporations and foundations, with funding and in-kind contributions such as flights, logistics support and lifesaving aid. Fundraising innovations included the Japan for UNHCR – Japanese audiences launch of chatbots, and instant debits for reacted positively to appeals for the Private sector funding directly impacted media coverage and public sector funding. For example, the Australian Government set up a $1.9 million matching grant to respond to the outpouring of support by Australian citizens for face-to-face. A new website boosted online Rohingya crisis, supporting this emergency UNHCR’s appeal. This also benefitted from a full-scale media partnership with the Australian Broadcasting Corporation donor conversion and increased online in Asia with $2.2 million. In addition, a that both raised awareness about the Rohingya refugee crisis and funding to support UNHCR’s response. revenue by 232 per cent. letter from the Executive Director featuring

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2017 EXPENDITURE CHART 9 | EXPENDITURE BY REGION AND PILLAR | 2017

Expenditure by Region Global programmes increased by $28.5 million or 8 per cent, mostly The $116.3 million total increase in attributable to additional investment in EPENDITURE BY PILLAR 2017 EPENDITURE BY REGION 2017 expenditure in 2017 compared to 2016, Private Sector Partnerships and support was not consistent across regions, global for the Comprehensive Refugee Response programmes and Headquarters. Pillar 4 (IDPs) Framework (CRRF). Headquarters increased 14% | $553.5 million

Africa had the highest expenditure in 2017 by $9.6 million or 4 per cent primarily for Pillar 3 (Returnees) 2% | $99.1 million Middle East and North Africa 30% | $1.216 billion at nearly $1.4 billion, which represented an investment in IT infrastructure and cyber Pillar 2 (Stateless) Africa | 34% | $1.390 billion 1% | $32.6 million almost 16 per cent increase compared to security. However, the ratio of Headquarters 2016. This was primarily due to the new and expenditure to total expenditure remains Implementation rate Total expenditure 90.6 % 4.083 billion evolving needs in the region as borne out stable compared to 2016. by the fact that almost 70 per cent of the

total supplementary budgets issued in 2017 Expenditure by Pillar Headquarters Pillar 1 (Refugees) 6% | $231.1 million were for the Africa region. The increases 83% | $3.398 billion Americas | 2% | $86 million Expenditure under Pillar 1 (global refugee in expenditure were primarily in Uganda, Global programmes Asia and the Pacific | 7% | $289.6 million programme) increased by approximately 9% | $366 million Somalia and Angola. Europe | 12% | $496.4 million $176 million or 6 per cent compared to 2016 In contrast, expenditure in the Middle East and at 83 per cent of total expenditure and North Africa and the Asia and the accounted for the overwhelming majority Pacific regions decreased by $94.2 million of UNHCR expenditure. Globally, major PILLAR 1 REFUGEE PROGRAMME PILLAR 3 REINTEGRATION PROJECTS (7 per cent) and $86 million (23 per cent), Pillar 1 operations, as was the case in 2016, 1400,0 70,0 Millions included Lebanon, Jordan and Turkey due Millions respectively. In the Middle East and North 1200,0 60,0

Africa the overall net decrease was due to to the Syria situation, Greece in Europe, and 1000,0 50,0

decreases in Iraq and Syria and in spite of Uganda, Ethiopia and Kenya in Africa. 800,0 40,0 expanding operations in Libya. In Asia and 600,0 30,0 Pillar 2 (global stateless programme) the Pacific, a major decrease in Afghanistan 400,0 20,0 remained stable compared to 2016. 10,0 spending was only partly offset by a 200,0 Pillar 3 (global reintegration projects) - - Africa Asia and Europe Middle East significant increase in Bangladesh. the Pacific and Africa increased by approximately $31.6 million Europe North Africa Americas Expenditure in Europe increased by or 47 per cent mainly driven by operations Headquarters Asia and the Pacific Global Programmes $48 million or 11 per cent mainly owing in Afghanistan, Nigeria, Pakistan and Middle East and North Africa to operations in Greece and Turkey. Somalia. Pillar 4 (global IDP projects) Expenditure in the Americas increased by decreased by $91.6 million to 14 per cent, PILLAR 2 STATELESS PROGRAMME PILLAR 4 IDP PROJECTS 10,0 400,0 9,0 Millions $12.8 million, which was the largest increase with the bulk of the decrease attributable Millions 350,0 8,0 300,0 in percentage terms at 18 per cent due to the Iraq operation, where insecurity 7,0 to increased activities in the North and and deteriorating conditions created a 6,0 250,0 5,0 200,0 4,0 Central America situation, the scale-up of challenging operational environment. 150,0 3,0 100,0 operations in the Venezuela situation; and 2,0 the reinforcement of the Regional Office in 1,0 50,0 - 0 Africa Americas Asia and Europe Middle East Africa Americas Asia and Europe Middle East Washington for regional activities in the Pacific and the Pacific and North Africa North Africa the Caribbean.

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Expenditure by source of funding unearmarked balance. Given the late TABLE 4 | 2017 EXPENDITURE BY SOURCE OF FUNDING | USD thousands receipt of contributions in 2017, this was of Table 4 displays which sources of funding particular improtance, and adheres to two were used to cover its expenditure, and of the three key priorities in how UNHCR SOURCE OF FUNDING highlights how the unearmarked funding United uses unearmarked funding—bolstering Carry-over from prior years Voluntary cash contributions Voluntary Programme Nations Other was allocated. Unearmarked income in-kind support TOTAL underfunded operations, and enabling Softly Regular income b/ Earmarked Unearmarked Earmarked Unearmarked contributions costs was allocated throughout the year in earmarked a/ Budget operations to implement as fully as line with identified priorities and needs, possible. It also helped minimize disruption FIELD OPERATIONS and according to the overall objectives Africa 139,060 157,875 785,673 218,610 35,073 11,120 21,192 - 21,470 to operations, especially at the beginning 1,390,074 Middle East and of kickstarting emergency operations, 65,282 - 848,233 233,272 52,103 1,980 - - 15,356 1,216,225 of the year, and especially given the need North Africa bolstering underfunded operations, to finalize agreements with partners around Asia and the Pacific 16,893 - 151,003 80,527 38,904 1,818 - - 473 289,619 and enabling programmes to be fully Europe 39,082 - 342,743 53,743 49,068 1,998 - - 9,845 496,479 December-January. implemented. The Americas 310 - 11,666 26,042 46,341 442 - - 1,236 86,037 Analysis of this table also shows that, TOTAL FIELD Of UNHCR’s voluntary contributions, 260,627 157,875 2,139,319 612,195 221,488 17,357 21,192 - 48,380 3,478,434 true to its policy on the use of 7 per cent OPERATIONS 15 per cent was unearmarked. This was programme support costs levied on allocated according to need, priority, Global programmes 19,473 - 40,320 39,477 180,281 10,819 - 75,714 366,083 earmarked and softly earmarked funding, Headquarters 3 - 664 - - 4,745 177,801 43,326 4,622 231,161 and availability of unearmarked funding. these funds were spent almost exclusively Operational Reserve and new or additional Including both the unearmarked carry-over ------on Headquarters costs. UNHCR raised activities - mandate- and unearmarked voluntary contributions related reserve $198.9 million in programme support Junior Professional received in 2017, 68 per cent was allocated - - 7,674 ------7,674 costs, with $177.8 million, or 89 per cent, Officers Scheme to the field and 32 per cent to global spent on Headquarters. An end-of-year TOTAL 280,104 157,875 2,187,977 651,671 401,769 32,921 198,992 43,326 128,716 4,083,352 programmes. Notes: surplus of $21.1 million was allocated to a/ Includes contributions earmarked at the regional, sub-regional, situation or thematic level b/ Includes miscellaneous income, prior year adjustments and cancellations and other internal transfers Regarding the carry-over of unearmarked operations in Africa. To underline as well, funding from 2016, UNHCR successfully no unearmarked funding was used for optimized the use of its earmarked Headquarters. funds so as to close the year with an

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Expenditure on partners 2016) to 648 local or national NGOs. This CONCLUSION for support. Prioritization was thus defined was the highest number of local and as a compromise between what was judged In 2017, $1.5 billion was provided to national partners recorded as well as Contribution levels remained relatively high urgent and essential within the Office’s 1,035 non-governmental and non-profit the highest funding allocations made by in 2017, and much of UNHCR’s unearmarked activities, and what was possible given partners, accounting for around 37 per cent UNHCR to them. The majority of UNHCR’s funding came relatively early in the year, available resources and capacity. While the of UNHCR’s expenditure. Of this, partners—795 organizations—implementing providing UNHCR with much needed Office prioritized lifesaving assistance and $699 million ($670 million in 2016) was projects and activities were for Pillar 1. flexibility. Contributions from the private core protection activities, this impacted allocated to 826 local and national partners, sector, especially of unearmarked funding, activities such as education, more durable including $524 million ($491 million in increased. infrastructure, solutions, cash-based Throughout the year, UNHCR maintained intervention programmes, and interventions or intensified efforts to expand its donor requiring large investment costs but for CHART 10 | UNHCR’s PARTNERS AROUND THE WORLD | 2017 base. Driven in large part by sustained which there is strong evidence of the investment and innovative engagement benefits and greater cost efficiencies in the with individual donors, private sector long term. 19 funding rose to 10 per cent of income, up Initiatives with development actors will be 178 from 2 per cent ($22 million) in 2006, much of significant help in reducing the amount National NGO of it unearmarked. UNHCR engaged more the Office spends on care and maintenance partners robustly with emerging donors, including in in protracted situations. However, even if the Gulf region, and deepened cooperation successful these will likely not eliminate International NGO with the World Bank and other international partners UNHCR’s reliance on key State partners financial institutions, particularly within the who provide the lion’s share of its funding, 190 Government framework of the CRRF. and which provide much more than partners However, there was continuing cause financial resources alone. Such expansion UN Agencies/Other partners for concern. The overall picture was also requires investment in time, capacity, one of generous contributions, but still staffing, and finances. 648 insufficient for needs. Worryingly, the trend UNHCR offers its most heartfelt thanks for in the amount of unearmarked and softly the generous support it received in 2017 earmarked funding is still on an overall from governments, from the private sector— downward trajectory. Funding to UNHCR’s citizens, National Partners, corporations, situations was mostly earmarked and overall and foundations—from inter-governmental low, even for high-profile ones like Somalia institutions, and from the many pooled (24 per cent funded) or South Sudan (37 per funding mechanisms. cent) with the Central African Republic the worse-funded situation at 13 per cent.

The 43 per cent funding gap in 2017 meant that, throughout the year, UNHCR had to face and handle challenges related to underfunding and how to prioritize activities

50 UNHCR GLOBAL REPORT 2017 UNHCR GLOBAL REPORT 2017 51 OVERVIEW | FUNDING UNHCR’S PROGRAMMES OVERVIEW | FUNDING UNHCR’S PROGRAMMES

This table shows all voluntary contributions coming from all sources, including from governments and the Monaco 299,705 65,510 365,216 private sector in countries supporting UNHCR’s work, and from inter-governmental and pooled funding Portugal 301,020 46,458 347,478 mechanism. As such, it is a way of reflecting the financial support to UNHCR from the “whole-of-society”. Turkey 300,000 6,273 306,273 A traditional donor ranking is available from the Global Focus website using the QR code opposite. Oman 301,213 301,213 Malaysia 150,000 135,140 285,140 TABLE 5 | TOTAL CONTRIBUTIONS | 2017 USD Liechtenstein 254,065 254,065 INTER-GOVERNMENTAL Council of Europe Development Bank DONOR GOVERNMENT PRIVATE DONORS UN FUNDS TOTAL 246,957 246,957 BODIES UN Darfur Fund7 242,761 242,761 United States of America 1,450,360,238 39,463,883 1,489,824,121 World Food Programme 242,640 242,640 Germany 476,918,668 28,644,926 505,563,594 African Union 200,000 200,000 European Union 436,036,986 436,036,986 South Africa 147,382 147,382 Japan 152,359,773 33,200,049 185,559,822 UN Action Against Sexual Violence in Conflict8 140,213 140,213 United Kingdom 136,219,370 5,344,872 141,564,241 Lebanon 132,747 132,747 Sweden 111,958,945 21,761,459 133,720,404 UN Human Settlements Programme 115,000 115,000 Norway 98,941,956 1,879,000 100,820,956 Argentina 113,900 300 114,200 Netherlands 75,711,468 21,307,797 97,019,265 Bulgaria 112,361 112,361 Spain1 10,119,894 80,749,997 90,869,890 Kazakhstan 111,963 111,963 Canada 81,879,293 7,725,110 89,604,404 Armenia 108,000 108,000 Italy 51,417,322 24,137,770 75,555,092 Lithuania 105,197 105,197 Australia2 39,715,089 24,504,634 64,219,723 Denmark 58,370,565 1,235,978 59,606,543 Romania 103,521 103,521 Republic of Korea 21,845,151 35,818,585 57,663,736 Malta 103,086 228 103,314 UN Regular Budget 43,399,500 43,399,500 Israel 100,000 100,000 France 39,733,899 971,584 40,705,483 Algeria 100,000 100,000 Switzerland 35,402,490 2,316,129 37,718,618 Montenegro 82,745 82,745 Central Emergency Response Fund3 36,648,201 36,648,201 Greece 82,464 82,464 Qatar 200,000 26,884,578 27,084,578 Nigeria 63,735 17,270 81,005 Belgium 23,017,552 3,123 23,020,675 Chile 70,000 70,000 Finland 22,049,595 22,049,595 Slovenia 68,897 68,897 China 11,144,039 9,164,455 20,308,494 UN Chief Executive Board for Coordination 67,000 67,000 Saudi Arabia 18,065,880 496,352 18,562,232 Kyrgyzstan 60,256 60,256 4 Country-based pooled funds 16,612,172 16,612,172 Senegal 53,130 53,130 Ireland 14,641,654 1,095 14,642,749 UN Population Fund 49,491 49,491 United Arab Emirates 5,477,371 7,599,908 13,077,278 Cyprus 47,393 47,393 Private donors worldwide 12,120,424 12,120,424 Azerbaijan 36,672 36,672 Austria 9,368,387 26,162 9,394,549 Serbia 35,380 35,380 Kuwait 8,619,490 604,426 9,223,916 Sri Lanka 35,000 35,000 Luxembourg 8,536,825 8,536,825 Uruguay 30,000 30,000 UN Office for Project Services 5,941,187 5,941,187 Holy See 30,000 30,000 Thailand 20,000 4,488,693 4,508,693 UN Department of Political Affairs 4,273,511 4,273,511 Croatia 24,957 24,957 Indonesia 60,000 4,001,487 4,061,487 Botswana 18,961 18,961 New Zealand 4,008,016 109 4,008,125 Ghana 15,072 15,072 UN Children’s Fund 3,617,230 3,617,230 Costa Rica 14,907 14,907 Hungary 2,823,613 2,823,613 Slovakia 11,614 11,614 UN Programme on HIV/AIDS 2,450,000 2,450,000 Zambia 10,081 10,081 Czechia 2,419,034 2,419,034 Kenya 9,752 9,752 The Global Fund 2,090,890 2,090,890 Uganda 5,370 5,370 Russian Federation 2,000,000 2,000,000 India 3,816 3,816 International Organization for Migration 1,797,051 1,797,051 Colombia 3,420 3,420 Singapore 60,000 1,441,885 1,501,885 Bosnia and Herzegovina 3,000 3,000 5 UN Peacebuilding Fund 1,403,511 1,403,511 Iran (Islamic Republic of) 2,745 2,745 UN Development Programme 1,394,426 1,394,426 Rwanda 1,000 1,000 UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs 1,380,483 1,380,483 Bermuda 1,000 1,000 Brazil 662,778 602,721 1,265,499 Bangladesh 278 278 Egypt 1,241,082 1,241,082 Isle of Man 1,217,772 1,217,772 TOTAL * 3,942,450,095 Morocco 1,023,629 1,023,629 Philippines 70,000 943,963 1,013,963 1 Includes $3,961,980 in contributions from other public sources channelled through España con ACNUR. 2 Includes contributions channelled through Australia for UNHCR. Intergovernmental Authority on Development 846,997 846,997 3 The Central Emergency Response Fund is a multi-donor funding mechanism. For details, see https://www.unocha. org/cerf/donors/donorspage. The amount includes $631,000 for refund due to changes One UN Fund6 840,622 840,622 of needs in the field. 4 Country-based pooled funds are multi-donor funding mechanisms. For details, see https://www.unocha.org/ourwork/humanitarian-financing/country-based-pooled-funds-cbpfs Iceland 825,000 825,000 5 The United Nations Peacebuilding Fund is a multi-donor funding mechanism. For details, see http://www.unpbf.org/ and mptf.undp.org/factsheet/fund/PB Estonia 6 The One UN Fund is a multi-donor funding mechanism. For details, see http://mptf.undp.org/ 748,461 748,461 7 The United Nations Darfur Fund is a multi-donor funding mechanism. For details, see http://mptf.undp.org/ Mexico 80,000 633,452 713,452 8 The United Nations Fund for Action Against Sexual Violence in Conflict is a multi-donor funding mechanism. For details see http://mptf.undp.org/factsheet/fund/UNA00 * Includes $59,277,807 for activities with implementation period covering 2018. Poland 667,377 667,377 OPEC Fund for International Development 400,000 400,000

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TABLE 6 | TRANSFERS FROM THE OPERATIONAL RESERVE | 2017 TABLE 7 | CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE JUNIOR PROFESSIONAL

USD OFFICERS SCHEME | 2017

1. OPERATIONAL RESERVE APPROVED BY THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE IN OCTOBER 2017 534,511,079 USD 2. TRANSFERS FROM THE OPERATIONAL RESERVE 43,614,883 DONORS AMOUNT

AFRICA Japan 1,665,808 Emergency response –shelter and non-food items for IDPs United States of America 1,300,000 Congo (Republic of the) 798,710 in the regions of Pool and Bouenza Netherlands 784,215 Kenya Somalia situation 777,378 Denmark 684,431 Rwanda Return and reintegration of Rwandan refugees 832,400 Germany 667,540 Somalia Somalia situation 1,493,407 Canada 495,167 Zimbabwe Protection and assistance for the Mozambican influx 4,361,644 France 490,575 SUBTOTAL 8,263,539 Finland 461,918 MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA Switzerland 434,876 Sweden 379,897 Libya Protection needs for mixed movment flows into Libya 9,500,000 China 326,097 SUBTOTAL 9,500,000 Norway 278,146 ASIA AND THE PACIFIC Australia 276,272 Bangladesh Cox's Bazar emergency response 530,370 Republic of Korea 207,057 SUBTOTAL 530,370 Italy 182,843 THE AMERICAS Luxembourg 71,351 Argentina Venezuela situation 69,500 Brazil Venezuela situation 881,292 TOTAL 8,706,193 Colombia Venezuela situation 1,099,228 Costa Rica Venezuela situation 110,000 United States of America Venezuela situation 615,868 Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Venezuela situation 563,483 Regional activities Venezuela situation 463,552 SUBTOTAL 3,802,923 GLOBAL PROGRAMMES Executive direction and management UNHCR investigation workforce support 472,512 Comprehensive Refugee Response Framework 6,768,473 Division of External Relations Support for the intergovernmental conference on international migration 198,199 Global communications desk 715,807 Division of Programme and Support Management Refugee housing unit deployment 1,150,000 Strenthening preparedness in high-risk countries project 1,608,935 Division of Emergency, Security and Supply Global fleet management vehicle insurance fund 2,243,038 In-kind services for the deployment of experts 3,291,500 SUBTOTAL 16,448,464 HEADQUARTERS UNHCR investigation workforce support 139,582 Executive direction and management Support to rapid organizational assessment 141,131 Support to change management 1,726,538 Division of International Protection Humanitarian negotiation and protection analyst 199,037 Division of Emergency, Security and Supply Procurement network project 62,616 Support inclusion, gender and diversity activity 336,531 Division of Human Resources Management Staff welfare requirements 163,397 Division of Financial and Administrative Cash-based interventions 645,754 Management MSRP upgrade project 1,655,000 SUBTOTAL 5,069,586

3. BALANCE AFTER TRANSFERS 490,896,196

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TABLE 8 | IN-KIND CONTRIBUTIONS | 2017 TABLE 9 | PRIVATE DONORS OVER $100,000 IN SUPPORT OF UNHCR | 2017

USD

DONOR DESCRIPTION AMOUNT UNHCR GLOBAL EUROPE MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA

Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation FRANCE KUWAIT Argentina Premises for UNHCR office in Buenos Aires 113,900 Educate A Child (EAC) Programme - Education Fondation BNP Paribas Alghanim Industries Armenia Premises for UNHCR office in Yerevan 98,000 Above All (EAA) Foundation Austria Premises for UNHCR office in Vienna 33,760 Fondation Sanofi Espoir FAST RETAILING (UNIQLO) QATAR Azerbaijan Premises for UNHCR warehouse in Baku 6,672 Henley & Partners Holdings PLC GERMANY Jassim and Hamad Bin Jassim Charity Botswana Premises for UNHCR office in Gabarone 18,961 Foundation PUMA SE IKEA Foundation China Premises for UNHCR office in Hong Kong SAR (China) 17,942 Qatar Charity Croatia Premises for UNHCR office in Zagreb 24,957 International Olympic Committee ITALY Sheikh Thani Bin Abdullah Foundation Czechia Premises for UNHCR office in Prague 38,100 Lee Han Shih Fondazione Dieci Trust Onlus Denmark Premises for UNHCR office in Copenhagen 2,207,356 SAUDI ARABIA Rahmatan Lil Alamin Foundation Fondazione Prosolidar-Onlus Germany Premises for UNHCR office in Nuremberg 30,954 Al Dabbagh Group Intesa Sanpaolo RUSSING Group Premises for UNHCR offices in Budapest: International Islamic Relief Organization Hungary 2,763,517 Missionarie del Sacro Cuore di Gesù Global Service Centre and Regional Representation for Central Europe Tadashi Yanai Tamer Family Foundation Ireland Deployment of standby experts through Irish Aid and Contribution of NFIs to Uganda 558,976 Nando Peretti Foundation Tahir Foundation Italy Premises for UNHCR office in Rome 175,390 UNIPOL Gruppo Finanziario S.p.A UNITED ARAB EMIRATES The JMCMRJ Sorrell Foundation Kazakhstan Premises for UNHCR office in Almaty 61,963 NETHERLANDS Abu Dhabi Islamic Bank Kuwait Premises for UNHCR office in Kuwait City 39,490 The Silent Foundation Dutch Postcode Lottery Falcon Trading Group Kyrgyzstan Premises for UNHCR office in Bishkek 60,256 UN Fund for International Partnerships HRH Princess Haya Bint Al Hussein Luxembourg SPAIN/ESPAÑA CON ACNUR Premises for UNHCR office at University of Luxembourg 10,239 United Nations Foundation MBC Al Amal Montenegro Premises for UNHCR office in Podgorica 82,745 Fundación la Caixa The Big Heart Foundation Morocco Premises for UNHCR office in Laayoune, Western Sahara 23,629 THE AMERICAS SWEDEN/SVERIGE FÖR UNHCR Nigeria Premises for UNHCR office in Lagos 63,735 H&M Foundation Poland Premises for UNHCR office in Warsaw 65,000 CANADA Lindex AB Australia Deployment of experts by RedR Australia to various UNHCR operations 211,500 Morneau Shepell Svenska Postkodlotteriet Danish Refugee Council Deployment of standby experts to various UNHCR operations 1,235,500 EUROtops Versand GmbH Mens jackets to Ukraine 70,277 The Flanagan Foundation SWITZERLAND Fuji Optical Optical package to UNHCR operation in Azerbaijan 180,926 Krueger Foundation MEXICO New and used clothing for UNHCR operations in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Botswana, AGRORESERVAS, S.C. Fast Retailing Co, Ltd, (UNIQLO) Burkina Faso, Colombia, Dem. Rep. of the Congo, India, Malawi, Niger, Rwanda, Somalia, 6,757,746 UNITED KINGDOM South Sudan, Tanzania, Ukraine, Zimbabwe USA/USA FOR UNHCR Asfari Foundation IKEA Foundation NFIs for UNHCR operation in Syrian Arab Republic 1,906,304 Google Goldman Sachs Gives (GSG) International Judo Federation Rubber mats and clothing in South Africa 20,777 The Church of Latter-day Saints GSK Norwegian Refugee Council Deployment of standby experts to various UNHCR operations 1,879,000 TOMS Shoes LLC Said Foundation Sweden Deployment of experts by the Swedish Rescue Services (MSB) to various UNHCR operations 50,600 The Hands Up Foundation International Olympic Committee Mobile phones for Brazil 297,950 UPS Corporate Vodafone Foundation Save the Children Deployment of standby experts to various UNHCR operations 100,500 Vodaphone Instant Classrooms and IT Equipment 418,191 ASIA AND THE PACIFIC iMMAP Deployment of standby experts to various UNHCR operations 45,500 LIXIL Water Technology, Americas Toilet pans for Burkina Faso, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania 68,496 JAPAN/JAPAN ASSOCIATION FOR UNHCR MSC Mediterranean Shipping Company Transportation services to UNHCR operations in Kenya and Turkey 12,405 Fuji Optical Co Limited TOMS Shoes LLC Shoes for UNHCR operations in Burkina Faso, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania 2,553,385 United Nations Foundation Mosquito nets for UNHCR operations in Cameroon and Kenya 168,300 The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ UPS Transportation services to UNHCR operations in Angola, Bangladesh and Kenya 1,067,190 THAILAND Romania Premises for UNHCR office in Bucharest 103,521 Vimuttayalaya Institute Serbia Premises for UNHCR office in Belgrade 30,380 South Africa Premises for UNHCR office in Pretoria 147,382 Spain Premises for UNHCR office in Madrid 325,000 Sweden Deployment of experts by the Swedish Rescue Services (MSB) to various UNHCR operations 1,262,500 Switzerland Deployment of standby experts to various UNHCR operations 2,761,500 United Arab Emirates Premises for UNHCR warehouse in Dubai provided through the International Humanitarian City 3,727,014 United Kingdom Deployment of standby experts to various UNHCR operations 8,500 United Nations Development Programme Mosquito nets for UNHCR operations in Sudan 1,015,399

TOTAL 32,921,287

56 UNHCR GLOBAL REPORT 2017 UNHCR GLOBAL REPORT 2017 57 POPULATIONS OF CONCERN NORTHERN, TO UNHCR WESTERN, EASTERN EUROPE

By the end of 2017, the total population of concern to UNHCR stood at 71.4 million people. This included people who have been CENTRAL forcibly displaced (refugees, asylum-seekers, and internally displaced people) and those who have found a durable solution (returnees), AND SOUTHERN as well as stateless persons, most of whom have never been forcibly displaced. Therefore, this categorization is different from that of EUROPE forcibly displaced people worldwide, and which is used in the Global Trends report. That figure includes refugees and other displaced people not covered by UNHCR’s mandate, and excludes other categories such as returnees and non-displaced stateless persons. CENTRAL ASIA SOUTH EASTERN EUROPE MIDDLE EAST

SOUTH WEST NORTH AMERICA ASIA AND THE CARIBBEAN EAST ASIA AND THE PACIFIC NORTH AFRICA 15,000,000 SOUTH WEST ASIA AFRICA 5,000,000 EAST 500,000 AND HORN OF AFRICA Population size SOUTH EAST LATIN ASIA AMERICA CENTRAL AFRICA AND THE Refugees GREAT LAKES Asylum-seekers

Returnees (refugees and IDPs) SOUTHERN Stateless persons AFRICA Internally displaced people (IDPs)

Others of concern

[AS OF END OF DECEMBER 2017]

Persons in of whom IDPs TOTAL Total Asylum- Returned protected/ Returned Stateless (5) Sub-region Refugees refugee-like assisted (2) (4) Various POPULATION (1) refugees seekers refugees assisted IDPs persons situations by UNHCR by UNHCR (3) OF CONCERN Central Africa and the Great Lakes 1,444,034 31,709 1,475,743 1,336,023 62,430 167,378 5,426,857 378,316 974 175,107 7,686,805 The data are generally provided by governments, based on their own definitions and methods of data collection. A dash ("-") indicates that the value is zero, not available East and Horn of Africa 4,307,820 - 4,307,820 3,769,619 148,600 56,667 7,196,092 387,056 18,500 293,750 12,408,485 or not applicable. All data are provisional and subject to change. More information West Africa 286,919 - 286,919 286,676 15,798 296,189 1,873,617 410,887 692,115 15,362 3,590,887 on people of concern to UNHCR in 2017, including statistical trends and changes of Southern Africa 197,722 - 197,722 87,441 281,966 6,287 15,128 - - 25,924 527,027 global displacement during the year, can be found in the “2017 Global Trends” report. North Africa 393,122 26,000 419,122 345,117 101,474 - 180,937 149,883 - 1 851,417 Middle East 2,260,595 25,226 2,285,821 2,115,502 133,360 78,086 10,780,055 2 268,772 370,872 15,436 15,932,402 (1) Includes groups of persons who are (3) Includes IDPs who are in IDP-like South-West Asia 2,448,506 - 2,448,506 1,515,387 3,798 60,568 2,011,433 314,289 - 448,032 5,286,626 outside their country or territory of origin situations. Central Asia 3,518 - 3,518 3,382 754 1 - - 108,899 2 113,174 and who face protection risks similar to South Asia 219,439 - 219,439 35,493 11,299 1,586 39,322 408 - 625 272,679 those of refugees, but for whom refugee (4) Includes IDPs protected/assisted by South-East Asia 1,099,895 51,159 1,151,054 1,095,607 54,042 2 665,051 319,167 2,102,950* 80,180 3,314,667 status has, for practical or other reasons, UNHCR who have returned to their place of not been ascertained. origin during 2017. East Asia and the Pacific 382,633 4,581 387,214 699 90,026 - - - 851 5 478,096

Eastern Europe 3,618,198 15,187 3,633,385 1,210,787 318,385 13 2,690,888 - 133,080 - 6,775,751 (2) Includes refugees who have returned (5) People of concern to UNHCR not South-Eastern Europe 34,868 4,415 39,283 16,451 1,061 399 316,027 193 10,288 71,348 438,599 to their place of origin during 2017. included in the previous columns but to Northern, Western, Central and 2,435,552 6,054 2,441,606 24,749 989,182 - - - 408,971 6,008 3,845,767 Source: country of origin and asylum. whom UNHCR may extend its protection Southern Europe and/or assistance. North America and the Caribbean 392,996 - 392,996 1,066 701,455 2 - - 6,092 2,794 1,103,339

Latin America 91,265 159,934 251,199 49,502 177,268 203 7,923,109 - 391 461,615 8,813,785 * The stateless population includes 932,204 Myanmar refugees in Bangladesh and TOTAL 19,617,082 324,265 19,941,347 11,893,501 3,090,898 667,381 39,118,516 4,228,971 3,853,983* 1,596,189 71,439,506 125,575 stateless IDPs in Myanmar who are also counted in refugee and IDP populations.

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FOREWORD Africa still hosts the largest number of displaced people worldwide. In 2017, some 24.2 million people in Africa were forced to flee as the result of conflict, persecution, other human rights abuses and food insecurity. Few Africa political solutions were in sight. The crisis in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) was of particular concern, with renewed unrest triggering displacement on an extraordinary scale. Conflicts in both the Central African Republic (CAR) and South Sudan entered their fifth year while Cameroon, Mali, and the border regions of Burkina Faso and Niger were wracked by fighting, pushing even more people away from their homes. Burundi remained volatile with continued outflows of people to Rwanda and the United Republic of Tanzania. Finding solutions and providing protection to refugees and asylum‑seekers in mixed movements was a pressing priority.

Compounding these complex emergencies were challenges related to climate change, which threatened the food security of vulnerable refugees and their host communities across the continent; and increased reports of sexual and gender‑based violence (SGBV), which highlighted the significant challenges faced by a particularly vulnerable sector of an already traumatized population. Urgently‑needed humanitarian assistance and protection often could not be delivered sustainably and predictably because of constraints on access, insecurity and underfunding. Allegations of fraud, misconduct and exploitation surfaced in several operations in Africa, leading to thorough investigations and remedial actions by UNHCR and the countries involved. This was matched by measures to enhance accountability and transparency and to strengthen protection responses for people of concern. © UNHCR/Georgina Goodwin Burundian refugee schoolchildren study outside at Furaha Primary School in Nduta camp, United Republic of Tanzania. At Furaha there are no classrooms, the children study in groups under trees. Benches have only recently been built. Before, students sat on the ground.

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The number of people fleeing rose sharply Major refugee‑hosting countries in MALI CENTRAL SOUTH SUDAN SITUATION AFRICAN REPUBLIC SITUATION and their needs were significant and Africa, with support from the international SITUATION widespread, but there were moments of community, led the way in providing aid 130,000 2.4 million hope. Several forward‑looking African and support to people of concern and REFUGEES 546,000 REFUGEES sought protection REFUGEES sought protection countries embraced the Comprehensive their host communities. While maintaining mainly in Burkina Faso, sought protection mainly in Ethiopia, Mauritania and Niger mainly in Cameroon, Kenya, Sudan Refugee Response Framework (CRRF). its emergency assistance responsibilities, 38,000 Chad and the DRC and Uganda UNHCR’s advocacy helped advance crucial UNHCR spearheaded new approaches to IDPs by year’s end 688,000 1 million legislative reform to resolve statelessness, housing, energy, long‑distance education, IDPs by year’s end REFUGEES 60,000 were displaced and to assist with the inclusion of refugees lighting and access to global markets, all REFUGEE 180,000 in 2017 alone within national plans and systems in areas of which eased the hardships faced by RETURNEES IDPs in 2017 alone 2 million including education, health and labour market refugees in the region. The Office worked 47,000 IDPs by year’s end participation. UNHCR assisted voluntary with local and national governments, private REFUGEE RETURNEES repatriation to Somalia from Djibouti, Kenya sector partners, foundations, banks and and Yemen, and to Côte d’Ivoire from Liberia. international financial institutions to provide A partnership with WFP and other agencies refugees and hosts with greater financial helped to address food insecurity—and stability and freedom of choice through cash, MALI

although malnutrition, stunting and anaemia loans, facilitating remittances, better internet DJIBOUTI remain serious concerns—famine was access and telecommunications. NIGERIA ETHIOPIA CENTRAL SOMALIA SOMALIA averted in the three regions most at risk: AFRICAN SOUTH SUDAN Valentin Tapsoba REPUBLIC SITUATION northern Nigeria, Somalia and South Sudan. Director of UNHCR’s Regional Bureau for Africa UGANDA KENYA 900,000 CONGO REFUGEES BURUNDI sought protection DEMOCRATIC mainly in Djibouti, REPUBLIC OF UNITED REPUBLIC THE CONGO Ethiopia, Kenya OF TANZANIA and Yemen

24.2 MILLION ANGOLA 2.1 million IDPs by year’s end PEOPLE OF CONCERN IN AFRICA ZAMBIA Africa 75,000 . million NIGERIA REFUGEE AGE AND GENDER BREAKDOWN SITUATION RETURNEES REFUGEES AND ASYLUM-SEEKERSAfrica 218,000 REFUGEES AGE AND GENDER BREAKDOWN REFUGEES AND ASYLUM-SEEKERS REFUGEES 6.3 MILLIONREFUGEES | 26% sought protection ASLYLUM-SEEKERS . million |  % mainly in Cameroon, Chad and Niger 509,000 | 2%ASYLUM-SEEKERS , | % 34% STATELESS PERSONS 2.4 million 712,000 | 3%STATELESS by year’s end , | % IDPs RETURNEES (Refugees and IDPs)

1.7 million | RETURNEES7% (refugees & IDPs) . million | % IDPs 14.5 MILLIONIDPs | 60% . million | % THE DEMOCRATIC BURUNDI OTHERS OF CONCERN 59% REPUBLIC OF THE SITUATION 510,000 | 2%OTHERS CRRFOF CONCERN COUNTRY , | % SITUATIONS CONGO SITUATION 430,000 Situation 685,000 REFUGEES < 1.5 million REFUGEES sought protection People of concern sought protection in mainly in the DRC, neighbouring countries Rwanda, Uganda and the United Republic 1.5 > 3 million of Tanzania 333 PARTNERS IN AFRICA 4,931 STAFF IN AFRICA 4.5 million People of concern IDPs by year’s end 175,000 IDPs by year’s end 153 NATIONAL NGO PARTNERS 28% 1.9 million 72% FEMALE MALE 3 > 5.5 million IDPs in 2017 alone 70 INTERNATIONAL NGO PARTNERS People of concern 107 GOVERNMENT PARTNERS 3 UN AGENCIES/OTHER PARTNERS 62% 221 BASED IN CRRF Countries LOCATIONS HARDSHIP LOCATIONS * New Emergencies

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MAJOR SITUATIONS a total requirement of $429.3 million for The Democratic Republic Mali situation the year. The Office led and coordinated of the Congo situation The volatile security Burundi situation the response to the Burundi refugee Intercommunal conflict situation in the northern emergency in affected countries, in In Burundi, security in the Kasai region and central parts of Mali, close collaboration with the relevant incidents, political displaced thousands of as well as insecurity in governments. tension and rising food people within the DRC border areas, prompted insecurity caused the Central African Republic situation and resulting in their neighbouring countries humanitarian situation to movement to Angola. to introduce additional deteriorate. In addition In 2017, more than Consequently, security measures. to more than 47,000 Central Africans UNHCR launched a At the end of 2017, there were around 175,000 IDPs inside voluntarily returned to supplementary appeal for $102 million in 38,000 Malian IDPs, and more than Burundi, there were approximately the CAR, but the dire June 2017 to scale up its response for the 130,000 Malians were refugees in Burkina 430,000 Burundian refugees in the DRC, security situation in the year. A sharp deterioration in the situation Faso, Mauritania and Niger. More than Rwanda, Uganda, the United Republic of country led to the in Kasai, South Kivu and Tanganyika 60,000 Malian refugees returned home in Tanzania, and other countries in Southern highest level of internal provinces led to the declaration of an 2017. UNHCR strengthened its efforts to Africa. The number of Burundians fleeing displacement since the Inter‑Agency Standing Committee ensure such spontaneous returns were their homes more than doubled in 2017, crisis escalated in 2013. Violent clashes system‑wide Level‑3 emergency in October sustainable. compared to 2016. among armed groups and intercommunal 2017. By the end of 2017, some 4.5 million The DRC, Uganda and the United tensions increased sharply from May 2017, people were displaced internally—including Nigeria situation with conflict spreading to parts of the 1.9 million displaced people in 2017 alone— Republic of Tanzania—which, with Five years into the crisis country previously unaffected. There and more than 685,000 Congolese 230,000 Burundian refugees, hosted in north‑eastern Nigeria, were 546,000 refugees and more than refugees—the majority of them women and the largest number—lifted prima facie there were 218,000 688,000 IDPs by year’s end. Of these, some children—were seeking protection in refugee status recognition for refugees Nigerian refugees in 180,000 were newly displaced in 2017. neighbouring countries. Uganda and and asylum‑seekers from Burundi. The Cameroon, Chad and Nearly one in four families were forced from Zambia registered some 47,000 and three countries called for the resumption Niger. The conflict also their homes. In the north‑west of the 17,000 new arrivals respectively in 2017. of individual refugee status determination resulted in the internal country, a surge in violence sparked the UNHCR increased its presence in the DRC (RSD), sometimes leading to a restrictive displacement of more movement of waves of refugees into and neighbouring countries, focusing on approach to granting asylum or in than 2.4 million IDPs: most were in Nigeria, Cameroon, Chad and the DRC, and protection and lifesaving assistance. congestion at reception centres. Rwanda with others in Cameroon, Chad and Niger. hosted some 89,000 refugees from humanitarian workers and United Nations Burundi, granting them refugee status on peacekeepers were targeted by armed a prima facie basis. groups. CAR was among the most

poorly‑funded emergencies in the world in Gambo © UNHCR/Rahima Chronic underfunding of the Burundi The Burundi 2017, and this shortage of resources limited Nigeria’s Nansen Award winner offers situation was one situation severely hampered the UNHCR’s ability to provide protection, food lifeline to women widowed by Boko of the six most humanitarian response and the quality underfunded and shelter to people of concern. Haram conflict situations globally of assistance provided to the refugee in 2017. population in asylum countries, particularly Hamzatu Amodu Buba was expecting her brother-in-law’s wedding to be a joyous occasion. Instead, it almost ruined her in the areas of reception and registration, life. Insurgents from Boko Haram, who had brought turmoil to child protection and education—more than much of north-east Nigeria in recent years, had blocked the 50 per cent of the Burundian refugees road between two villages. Her husband, Usman, a primary school teacher, was pulled out of the car. “They asked him for ID, are children—measures to combat SGBV, Hamzatu Amodu Buba is a widow with four children. but he did not have it, they just shot him dead. They took the car shelter, and food security. In May 2017, the Her husband was shot and killed by Boko Haram in 2013. and drove off, leaving me and two wives of other She is now a member of the Future Prowess Widows brothers on the side of the road,” she said. Hamzatu Office launched a supplementary appeal for Association. $250 million, as well as a Regional Refugee was four months pregnant. “It was baking hot, and we thought we might die.” Response Plan (RRRP) in January 2017 for

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In Nigeria, there were reports of significant The crisis in the Lake Chad basin dominated A tripartite South Sudan situation

agreement was self‑organized returns in 2017. UNHCR the humanitarian and protection situation Manale Kgothatso © UNHCR/ The security situation signed by the had not facilitated voluntary repatriation in the sub‑region, with insurgency and Governments in South Sudan of Cameroon in neighbouring countries of asylum given counter‑insurgency operations across remained volatile with and Nigeria the prevailing conditions. While returns the Sahel generating severe insecurity with UNHCR on an agreement on the voluntary were spontaneous in most cases, there and complex, overlapping population cessation of hostilities repatriation were confirmed cases of refoulement from movements in border areas of Chad, Mali, of Nigerian made between the refugees. Cameroon, despite the Office’s advocacy Niger, and Nigeria. In July 2017, UNHCR Government and efforts and the commitments made under launched a revised supplementary appeal opposition leaders in the framework of tripartite agreements. In for $179 million as well as an RRRP for December 2017 lasting only a few hours. March 2017, the Governments of Cameroon $241 million in January 2017 for the year. The conflict in South Sudan displaced and Nigeria signed a tripartite agreement LuQuLuQu campaign celebrity supporters 1 million more refugees in 2017. By the with UNHCR on the voluntary repatriation drawn from media, music and the arts, attending end of the year, more than a third of its the launch in Johannesburg. of Nigerian refugees.

© UNHCR/Rahima Gambo © UNHCR/Rahima estimated 12 million citizens were displaced, LuQuLuQu campaign boosts collective Zannah Mustapha, winner of the UNHCR creating nearly 2 million IDPs and efforts to support refugees in Africa Nansen Refugee Award approximately 2.4 million refugees. In October 2017, UNHCR’s Private Sector There were 1 million South Sudanese The UNHCR Nansen Refugee Award was established in 1954 Partnerships launched the “LuQuLuQu” to acknowledge individuals, groups and organizations refugees in Uganda, with Sudan and campaign in Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, Kenya and working to improve life for displaced people. The Ethiopia each hosting more than South Africa. This integrated public engagement award is named after Fridtjof Nansen, the first High 800,000 and 400,000 South Sudanese and fundraising campaign drew upon a long Commissioner for Refugees for the League of Nations. tradition of welcome and hospitality in the In 2017, Zannah Mustapha—a lawyer, school founder refugees respectively and Kenya hosting African region. The campaign, led by African and peace-maker from Nigeria—won the award in recognition of the some 112,000 South Sudanese. In May 2017, celebrities, used a range of channels to collect Mr Mustapha and the students of Future school he founded for orphans and vulnerable children a decade UNHCR launched a revised supplementary mobile money. The celebrities’ combined social Prowess Islamic Foundation School before earlier in Maiduguri, the epicentre of the Boko Haram insurgency. media following reached audiences of more morning assembly, Maiduguri, Borno State, appeal for $883 million as well as an RRRP Nigeria. As part of his award, Mr Mustapha received $150,000 in funding to be than 20 million, prompting public conversations used on a project of his choice. Mr Mustapha chose to use this money in January 2017 for $1.3 billion for the year. about the challenges facing to continue providing educational opportunities for UNHCR coordinated a large‑scale refugee refugees and generating support young people in his community. He is also establishing a response across the sub‑region through the and donations from Africa’s private psychosocial support programme that will reach not just sector for forcibly displaced regional refugee response plan and led the his students, but also women who have been widowed communities. as a result of the Boko Haram insurgency. IDP protection and camp coordination and camp management clusters.

Somalia situation supplementary appeal in May 2017 for © UNHCR/Diana Diaz © UNHCR/Diana $487 million. The Office continued assisting The security situation voluntary repatriation despite violence, food Goodwill Ambassador support in Somalia remained insecurity and limited absorption capacity High profile supporters lent their talents to a variety of precarious, with severe initiatives in the Africa region in 2017. Musicians Betty G, drought continuing in return areas. Since December 2014, when and Christine and the Queens helped to highlight the daily challenges mainly in the southern UNHCR started supporting the voluntary facing refugees in Ethiopia and Uganda respectively. To mark the return of Somali refugees in Kenya, some sobering milestone of the millionth South Sudanese refugee entering and central regions, Uganda, slam poet Emi Mahmoud performed Head Over Heels, an 75,000 Somali refugees had voluntarily including in areas of original piece that received international press coverage. return. More than returned to their country. In 2017, UNHCR assisted 35,000 Somali refugees to 75,000 900,000 Somali refugees were living in UNHCR high profile supporter Betty G Somali refugees camps in Djibouti, Ethiopia, Kenya, and return under the voluntary repatriation meets Sudanese refugee Medu Amdan voluntarily in Ethiopia. returned to their Yemen, with around 2.1 million IDPs programme. The majority were refugees country since displaced by conflict and drought. To scale repatriated from the Dadaab refugee December 2014. up its response, UNHCR launched a complex in Kenya.

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ACHIEVEMENTS Promoting a favourable Increased mixed movements from the East Improving access to AND IMPACT protection environment and Horn of Africa, and from West Africa quality education through the central Mediterranean route UNHCR helped governments ensure UNHCR and the Global Partnership for Across Africa, countries continued to to Europe, prompted UNHCR to develop Increased mixed asylum‑seekers had access to territory Education expanded efforts to ensure movements demonstrate their commitment to improving a three‑pronged strategy focused on through and fair asylum procedures. The refugees were included in national the lives of refugees, asylum‑seekers, countries of origin, transit and destination. the central stateless persons and IDPs. UNHCR sought Office advocated fair and efficient RSD multi‑year educational plans (see the Mediterranean In sub‑Saharan Africa, UNHCR raised route prompted procedures, and ensured greater safety chapter on Building Better Futures). In 2017, to protect the most vulnerable from abuse awareness of the risks related to irregular UNHCR to and exploitation, reduce the vulnerability and security for refugees through improved these efforts were expanded to Burkina develop a migration, smuggling and trafficking through three-pronged registration and documentation processes. Faso, Burundi, Chad, the DRC, Ethiopia, of displaced families, support the voluntary information campaigns. The Office mitigated strategy. Such efforts were particularly important for Liberia, Mali, South Sudan and the United return of refugees where appropriate, protection risks along heavily trafficked the well-being of Burundian refugees who Republic of Tanzania. and undertake measures to eradicate routes and identified solutions for people were no longer granted refugee status on statelessness. on the move. In Burkina Faso, the Office With the Vodafone Foundation, the Office a prima facie basis in the DRC, Uganda and provided vocational training to youth, who used information technology to establish Working with partners to apply the CRRF the United Republic of Tanzania. In addition, Rwanda initiated were most prone to onward movement. Instant Network Schools in the DRC, discussions remained a UNHCR priority. Countries in the Office continued to enhance protection with UNHCR on Around 600 young people—60 per cent Ethiopia, Kenya, South Sudan and the Africa showed commitment to implementing of people of concern through efforts to the application refugees and 40 per cent youth from United Republic of Tanzania. In Chad, of the CRRF. the New York Declaration for Refugees and prevent and respond to SGBV. Migrants. Djibouti, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, the host community—participated in this the Office worked with the authorities to Uganda, the United Republic of Tanzania The Office strengthened protection programme. (For more information on the facilitate a transition from the Sudanese to and Zambia each took action to implement activities by rolling out its biometric identity central Mediterranean route, please the Chadian Arabic curriculum for Sudanese the CRRF in 2017, while Rwanda initiated management system (BIMS) at several see the chapter on Safeguarding refugees. UNHCR also worked with the discussions with UNHCR on the application sites across the region. By the year’s end, fundamental rights). Ministry of Education in the DRC to ensure of the framework. UNHCR had completed the biometric local schools received the support they registration of 1,120 refugees in Chad’s needed to include refugees from Burundi, The rolling-out by African countries of Dar es Salaam camp and 39,200 Central as well as other displaced children. the CRRF delivered concrete results. African refugees in the DRC’s Ubangi Uganda remained committed to an province and had started registering all open‑door policy, allowing freedom of Burundian refugees in Lusenda camp movement and of work, and providing in South Kivu province. In Ethiopia, a refugees with accommodation and plots of country‑wide roll‑out of BIMS began in Wachiaya© UNHCR/Catherine land for farming. Djibouti adopted a new law July 2017. In Niger, UNHCR registered Innovation transforms education enhancing refugees’ access to education, 56,900 Malian refugees. The second phase for refugee students in Africa employment and eventual naturalization. of biometric registration for displaced Ethiopia took legislative steps towards The Instant Network Schools programme, established in partnership people living outside camps in the Diffa with the Vodafone Foundation, is helping millions of refugee students universal birth registration and providing region started in November 2017. across Africa to catch up on their education. Tablet computers and refugees with access to civil documentation. mobile networks are bringing the latest in online learning to students in refugee camps, and it’s firing their enthusiasm. The programme has been taken up by 31 centres in four countries in the region: the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, South Sudan and the United Republic of Tanzania. Students from Mogadishu primary school in Kakuma, Kenya, are excited to use tablets from the Instant Network Schools project.

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In August 2017, UNHCR and the Djibouti Addressing food insecurity

Ministry of Education and Vocational © UNHCR/Colin Delfosse Food insecurity and severe malnutrition Training signed a memorandum of continued to affect large swathes of the Cash for protection understanding giving refugee children In Africa, UNHCR employed cash-based access to the same quality of education region. The risk of famine in north‑eastern Nigeria and severe food shortages interventions (CBIs) most often in Kenya and as Djiboutian children. Member States Somalia during 2017. Around 75,000 people of of the Intergovernmental Authority on throughout the sub‑region affected concern received cash, many of whom were Somali Development (IGAD) convened a regional approximately 7 million people, which refugee returnees. In Somalia, the Office worked included a significant number of people with private sector partners to enable returnees conference on refugee education in from Kenya in receipt of cash assistance to open of concern to UNHCR. By the September Djibouti in December 2017, a first of its kind bank accounts. harvests, however, the situation in globally. At this meeting, broad consensus In the DRC, UNHCR delivered $850,000 in cash grants, was reached that by 2020, Member north‑eastern Nigeria had improved as benefiting around 10,000 refugee, internally displaced States would aim to have harmonized humanitarian assistance increased and South Sudanese refugees queue for cash and returnee households. In the Kasai region, distributions in Meri, Haut-Uele province of the 3,000 households received multi-purpose cash grants, education standards for refugees and the price of staple foods fell. DRC. Families receive monthly cash grants from WFP in partnership with UNHCR. while 200 displaced and refugee households used host communities, and included education Somalia was on the brink of famine at the cash support for shelter reconstruction. for refugees and returnees in national beginning of 2017, but sustained prevention CBIs were also a protection tool in the Republic of the Congo and the DRC, where survivors development plans. efforts throughout the year lowered that risk. and people at risk of SGBV received cash assistance, counselling and livelihood support. In Kenya and South Africa, cash assistance helped vulnerable people, while in Ethiopia and However, a state of famine was declared Sudan cash assistance covered the basic needs of unaccompanied children. in parts of South Sudan’s Unity State in February 2017. Other areas of the country also faced severe food shortages as the © Plan International harvest season began, with 56 per cent of concerning as they exacerbate food insecurity Pursuing durable solutions the population estimated to be severely food while increasing protection risks as refugees The comprehensive solutions strategy for insecure. The situation slightly improved in are forced into negative coping behaviours the Rwandan refugee situation formally late 2017 following large‑scale humanitarian to cover their basic needs. Households ended in December 2017. Approximately assistance and harvests, but almost half of the faced with food insecurity often change 19,000 Rwandans were repatriated during population faced food shortages as the year their behaviours to increase their access to the year, mainly from the DRC. However, ended. food while prioritizing food for children. An some 250,000 Rwandan refugees and evaluation of UNHCR’s nutrition programme former refugees remained outside their Funding shortfalls resulted in cuts to food in Chad in 2017 highlighted serious concerns country of origin. Gur Deng Kuarbang, a refugee from South assistance, affecting 2 million refugees across associated with the decrease in food Sudan, listens to his sister reading a book in Kule Cameroon, Chad, the DRC, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Camp, Ethiopia. The “We love reading” project is assistance, including out migration in search Despite drought, food insecurity, conflict designed to decrease stress and provide much Rwanda, South Sudan, the United Republic of for work including in places such as Libya, needed psycho-social support. and a lack of services in Somalia, around Tanzania and Zambia. Of the 94 refugee sites an increase in SGBV, transactional sex for 35,000 Somali refugees returned home surveyed in the Africa region, 20 per cent had Ethiopia loves reading! survival (found across all age groups), and from Kenya in 2017. UNHCR assisted a global acute malnutrition prevalence above forced/child marriage. Reports from Rwanda 8,200 Ivorian refugees from Liberia to UNHCR’s “We love reading” campaign was emergency thresholds. UNHCR had to reduce indicate similar protection concerns in return. While UNHCR did not promote launched in Ethiopia’s Gambella region to basic aid in many operations, including those develop a culture of literacy among children. that country. Given that gaps in assistance voluntary returns to Burundi, the Office The region hosts more than 300,000 South hit by WFP food cuts. As a response, the exist across several African countries, the worked to ensure the return of a small Sudanese refugees, most of whom are children. Office increasingly provided multi‑purpose protection risks and concerns found in both number of Burundian refugees from the The Office’s award-winning campaign has also cash to people of concern. Chad and Rwanda are very likely to have empowered refugee women DRC was voluntary, informed and took been realized elsewhere. in resource-limited settings to The number of operations affected by cuts place in safety and dignity. It also supported become community leaders and to WFP food assistance continued to grow approximately 13,000 Burundian refugees most went on to start libraries. throughout 2017. Cuts to food assistance are in the United Republic of Tanzania who expressed an intention to return home.

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In the CAR, the Office facilitated the return approach the Somali Government and its Working towards ending CONSTRAINTS of around 1,500 Sudanese refugees and neighbours were taking in applying the statelessness nearly 1,000 Chadians and, mid‑year, CRRF to Somali refugees. The International Conflict was the primary driver of In 2017, UNHCR and Kenyan NGO, Haki UNHCR and the Governments of Chad and Development Association (IDA) is part of the displacement in Africa, with insecurity Centre, advocated for the issuing of birth Sudan signed a tripartite agreement that World Bank Group and is focused on helping impeding humanitarian access and making certificates to children of the estimated paved the way for the Office to support the world’s poorest countries. In December it difficult for UNHCR to maintain protection 4,000 stateless persons in Pemba, Kenya. further voluntary repatriation of Chadians. 2016, agreement was reached with donors space. The Office’s staff remained at risk of As a result, more than 11,000 children in and other partners on IDA priorities for the security incidents, particularly in the volatile There were fewer resettlement places that community had their births registered. period 1 July 2017 to 30 June 2020. An regions of Somalia, South Sudan, and available globally. UNHCR submitted The Government of Kenya also granted agreed priority was the establishment of a Central and West Africa. resettlement requests for 22,000 refugees nationality to 1,200 Makonde, originally dedicated source of funding for significant in Africa, around half (51 per cent) the from Mozambique, who settled in Kenya in Insufficient access to affordable, nutritious refugee‑hosting countries. This new funding number submitted in 2016. Approximately the 1930s, officially becoming Kenya’s food continued to result in displacement priority is anticipated to result in the flow 16,000 refugees were resettled from the “43rd tribe” (see the chapter on Safeguarding and increased the vulnerability of people of an expected $2 billion via concessional region during the year, including more than fundamental rights). of concern. Nigeria, Somalia and South loans and grants to help these countries 7,000 refugees from the DRC who were Sudan, in particular, experienced persistent meet the needs of both refugees and local In August 2017, Mali brought in a national living in host countries, mainly in the Great drought, which exacerbated food insecurity communities. By the end of 2017, eight plan on ending statelessness, becoming the Lakes sub‑region. and displacement. eligible countries had been identified fourth country in West Africa to do so. Guinea‑Bissau, despite its lack of resources, as possible beneficiaries of this scheme In 2017, UNHCR could only secure places UNHCR organized a training session in granted citizenship to the estimated seven of which were in the Africa region: for less than one‑third of the planned Senegal on statelessness and the right to 7,000 refugees who had been living there in Cameroon, Chad, the Republic of the Congo, resettlement candidates in Africa due to a a nationality. African Portuguese‑speaking a protracted situation. Djibouti, Ethiopia, Niger and Uganda. significant reduction in resettlement places government officials and civil society made available globally. IGAD played an essential convening role organizations came from Angola, Brazil, during the development of the Nairobi Cape Verde, Guinea Bissau and from Declaration on Durable Solutions for Somali ECOWAS to share good practices and Refugees and Reintegration of Returnees in lessons learned from different regional Somalia. IGAD also supported the regional initiatives to eradicate statelessness in Africa and the Americas.

Representatives of African Union Member States convened in Mauritius in September 2017 to review the draft Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Dollo Ado: from humanitarian assistance to sustainable livelihoods Rights on the Specific Aspects on the A UNHCR and IKEA Foundation project in Dollo Ado, Ethiopia, supported Somali refugees to progressively move Right to a Nationality and the Eradication away from assistance to self‑reliance and, ultimately, increase overall prosperity in the region, by diversifying of Statelessness in Africa. The eventual livelihood opportunities for both the refugee and host community. The project benefited from joint planning with local and national authorities, NGO partners, as well as from the strong involvement of IKEA adoption of this protocol will mark a Foundation mobilizing networks, and supporting advocacy. Dollo Ado offers valuable lessons for the significant milestone in gaining increased CRRF, particularly on the importance of multi‑sectoral, “whole‑of‑society” approaches and the added governments’ commitment to resolving value of the private sector. statelessness in the region.

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FINANCIAL INFORMATION EXPENDITURE IN AFRICA 2013-2017 | USD Budget • ExCom revised budget: $2.336 billion.

• Final budget: $2.925 billion.

• Budget increase: $589 million / +25% due to large and unforeseen influxes of South Sudanese into neighbouring countries, especially into Uganda, as well as new influxes of Congolese into Angola and Zambia along with additional needs for the Somalis, Nigerians and Burundians.

• Largest budget ever for Africa. Expenditure As % of As % of global

SOURCE OF EXPENDITURE USD | thousands expenditure expenditure by

within the region source of funding Earmarked 139,060 10.0% 50% Carry-over from prior years Unearmarked 157,875 11.4% 100% Earmarked 785,673 56.5% 36% Softly earmarked 218,610 15.7% 34% Voluntary contributions Unearmarked 35,073 2.5% 9% In-kind 11,120 0.8% 34% Programme support costs - 21,192 1.5% 11% Other income - 21,470 1.5% 17% 2017 EXPENDITURE IN AFRICA | USD TOTAL 1,390,074 100% 34% $1.390 billion EXPENDITURE IN AFRICA | USD $ . billion • Funding gap: 52%. PILLAR • High concentration of tightly earmarked funding: 67% of regional expenditure. $ .  billion | % • All the unearmarked carry-over was allocated to Africa. PILLAR  $. million | % • Funding shortfalls affected all activities, resulting in reduction of basic services PILLAR  particularly in health, education and potable water, reductions in protection monitoring, $. million | % livelihood assistance, IDP response, and inability to address food deficits, contingency OF GLOBAL PILLAR  34% EXPENDITURE planning and preparedness. $ . million | %

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BUDGET AND EXPENDITURE IN AFRICA | USD BUDGET AND EXPENDITURE IN AFRICA | USD

PILLAR 1 PILLAR 2 PILLAR 3 PILLAR 4 PILLAR 1 PILLAR 2 PILLAR 3 PILLAR 4 Refugee Stateless Reintegration IDP Refugee Stateless Reintegration IDP OPERATION TOTAL OPERATION TOTAL programme programme projects projects programme programme projects projects

WEST AFRICA CENTRAL AFRICA AND THE GREAT LAKES Burkina Faso Budget 24,274,911 510,537 - - 24,785,448 Burundi Budget 29,424,410 7,075 - 4,384,051 33,815,536 Expenditure 16,555,959 327,405 - - 16,883,364 Expenditure 17,787,060 - - 1,815,443 19,602,503 Côte d'Ivoire Budget 7,033,839 4,158,830 9,065,779 - 20,258,448 Cameroon Budget 87,796,062 1,148,504 - 5,300,263 94,244,829 Expenditure 5,023,923 1,913,883 3,902,461 - 10,840,267 Expenditure 46,556,430 310,502 - 1,554,161 48,421,093 Ghana Budget 8,878,867 - - - 8,878,867 Central African Republic Budget 24,291,641 - 14,762,565 14,030,232 53,084,438 Expenditure 5,392,500 - - - 5,392,500 Expenditure 14,648,089 - 7,620,080 10,864,000 33,132,170 Guinea Budget 4,471,017 - - - 4,471,017 Congo, Republic of the Budget 26,232,864 - - 2,409,803 28,642,667 Expenditure 2,102,967 - - - 2,102,967 Expenditure 9,834,634 - - 2,377,347 12,211,982 Liberia Budget 16,194,818 - - - 16,194,818 Democratic Republic of the Congo Budget 136,711,626 1,948,898 29,873,246 65,779,128 234,312,899 Expenditure 9,818,855 - - - 9,818,855 Regional Office2 Expenditure 65,134,141 480,650 3,797,061 19,205,674 88,617,526 Mali Budget 13,625,052 956,948 25,280,187 1,145,345 41,007,532 Rwanda Budget 96,813,087 - 7,565,094 - 104,378,181 Expenditure 5,730,302 754,385 6,394,146 467,947 13,346,781 Expenditure 38,241,652 - 3,893,375 - 42,135,027 Niger Budget 73,066,991 685,411 - 8,796,830 82,549,232 United Republic of Tanzania Budget 126,701,666 - 10,431,514 - 137,133,180 Expenditure 28,969,805 340,865 - 6,980,126 36,290,796 Expenditure 61,884,182 - 4,582,549 - 66,466,731 Nigeria Budget 5,942,897 - 30,235,482 43,588,668 79,767,048 SUBTOTAL Budget 527,971,356 3,104,477 62,632,419 91,903,478 685,611,730 Expenditure 2,468,614 - 15,801,339 12,343,061 30,613,014 Expenditure 254,086,189 791,153 19,893,064 35,816,625 310,587,030 Senegal Regional Office1 Budget 29,209,452 2,107,714 - - 31,317,166 Expenditure 18,303,064 1,531,862 - - 19,834,927 SOUTHERN AFRICA Angola Budget 36,642,183 - - - 36,642,183 SUBTOTAL Budget 182,697,844 8,419,440 64,581,448 53,530,843 309,229,576 Expenditure 19,442,005 - - - 19,442,005 Expenditure 94,365,988 4,868,402 26,097,946 19,791,134 145,123,470 Botswana Budget 3,076,320 - - - 3,076,320 Expenditure 1,874,740 - - - 1,874,740 EAST AND HORN OF AFRICA Malawi Budget 18,118,080 - - - 18,118,080 Chad Budget 161,304,068 991,739 - 2,850,000 165,145,807 Expenditure 6,878,982 - - - 6,878,982 Expenditure 73,929,387 331,092 - 1,008,643 75,269,122 Mozambique Budget 5,397,322 125,626 - - 5,522,948 Djibouti Budget 31,805,057 - - - 31,805,057 Expenditure 3,237,076 16,892 - - 3,253,968 Expenditure 12,071,265 - - - 12,071,265 South Africa Regional Office Budget 24,518,777 922,109 - - 25,440,886 Eritrea Budget 3,899,094 - - - 3,899,094 Expenditure 15,281,528 695,838 - - 15,977,366 Expenditure 3,728,254 - - - 3,728,254 Zambia Budget 13,609,910 - - - 13,609,910 Ethiopia Budget 330,548,039 - - - 330,548,039 Expenditure 11,873,961 - - - 11,873,961 Expenditure 144,928,371 - - - 144,928,371 Zimbabwe Budget 10,525,885 432,094 - - 10,957,979 Budget 2,205,453 - - - 2,205,453 Ethiopia UNHCR Representation Expenditure 6,838,357 236,206 - - 7,074,563 to the AU and ECA Expenditure 1,342,781 - - - 1,342,781 Kenya Budget 229,378,159 910,184 - - 230,288,343 SUBTOTAL Budget 111,888,477 1,479,829 - - 113,368,306 Expenditure 120,552,867 494,468 - - 121,047,335 Expenditure 65,426,650 948,936 - - 66,375,585 Kenya Regional Support Hub Budget 7,017,371 - - - 7,017,371 TOTAL Budget 2,495,964,781 19,085,097 157,020,545 253,129,608 2,925,200,031 Expenditure 5,187,066 - - - 5,187,066 Expenditure 1,213,525,666 9,274,374 63,814,415 103,459,516 1,390,073,970 Somalia Budget 55,025,162 - 23,493,230 39,561,426 118,079,819 1 Expenditure 43,417,077 - 17,823,404 15,847,792 77,088,273 Includes activities in Benin, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Togo. 2 Coordinates activities in Gabon and the DRC. South Sudan Budget 130,874,080 1,495,492 - 39,303,047 171,672,619 Expenditure 105,186,688 838,054 - 25,870,226 131,894,967 Sudan Budget 167,478,836 2,483,936 6,313,447 25,980,814 202,257,032 Expenditure 83,952,941 984,643 - 5,125,096 90,062,679 Uganda Budget 550,908,265 200,000 - - 551,108,265 Expenditure 204,671,490 17,628 - - 204,689,118 Regional activities Budget 2,963,520 - - - 2,963,520 Expenditure 678,652 - - - 678,652

SUBTOTAL Budget 1,673,407,105 6,081,350 29,806,677 107,695,287 1,816,990,419 Expenditure 799,646,839 2,665,885 17,823,404 47,851,756 867,987,884

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VOLUNTARY CONTRIBUTIONS TO AFRICA | USD VOLUNTARY CONTRIBUTIONS TO AFRICA | USD

PILLAR 1 PILLAR 2 PILLAR 3 PILLAR 4 PILLAR 1 PILLAR 2 PILLAR 3 PILLAR 4 Refugee Stateless Reintegration IDP Refugee Stateless Reintegration IDP DONOR ALL PILLARS TOTAL DONOR ALL PILLARS TOTAL programme programme projects projects programme programme projects projects

United States of America 130,466,544 8,007,000 469,833,788 608,307,332 Private Donors in the Republic of Korea 376,633 30,590 407,223 Germany United Nations Department of Economic and 27,727,694 1,693,647 66,041,090 95,462,432 Social Affairs 369,392 369,392 European Union 54,675,106 2,536,137 5,784,887 12,538,090 75,534,220 UN Fund for Darfur 242,761 242,761 Japan 32,516,831 9,472,709 3,727,504 1,210,175 46,927,218 African Union 200,000 200,000 United Kingdom 34,590,798 7,701,505 42,292,303 South Africa 147,382 147,382 Central Emergency Response Fund 19,907,540 1,629,586 5,699,849 27,236,975 World Food Programme 142,640 142,640 Canada 19,445,047 19,445,047 Private Donors in Sweden 548 124,523 125,071 Norway 11,796,251 2,000,446 13,796,697 United Nations Human Settlements Programme 115,000 115,000 Private Donors in Qatar 12,807,861 12,807,861 Private Donors in Thailand 90,664 90,664 Sweden 2,076,667 583,363 10,018,789 12,678,818 Nigeria 63,735 63,735 Private Donors in the Netherlands 12,423,173 118 12,423,292 Portugal 58,962 58,962 France 5,924,066 300,000 4,560,261 10,784,326 United Nations Population Fund 49,491 49,491 Private Donors in Germany 396,801 10,185,955 10,582,756 Private Donors in France 47,959 47,959 Denmark 9,385,299 97,357 1,065,107 10,547,763 Private Donors in China 42,003 42,003 Private Donors in the United States of America 5,169,296 18,216 3,394,285 8,581,797 Holy See 10,000 10,000 20,000 Republic of Korea 3,620,978 4,900,000 8,520,978 Botswana 18,961 18,961 Netherlands 7,642,234 7,642,234 Private Donors in Nigeria 17,270 17,270 Private Donors in Japan 5,797,170 155,365 349,625 52,518 6,354,677 Private Donors in Kuwait 14,901 14,901 Belgium 2,522,397 3,691,003 6,213,400 Private Donors in Ghana 2,105 10,000 12,105 Ireland 4,818,510 1,365,188 6,183,698 Private Donors in Uganda 5,370 5,370 Switzerland 6,100,823 40,040 6,140,863 Private Donors in Rwanda 1,000 1,000 Finland 6,011,104 6,011,104 Private Donors in Austria 107 770 877 Australia 5,145,414 5,145,414 Private Donors in Brazil 126 126 Italy 3,494,654 285,830 124,274 291,946 4,196,705 Private Donors in Ireland 120 120 Country-based pooled funds 1,679,035 2,346,881 4,025,916 Private Donors in Spain 1,487,700 1,695,918 3,183,618 TOTAL 423,399,929 464,475 14,458,111 35,215,830 628,430,204 1,101,968,549 Austria 1,802,885 1,201,923 3,004,808 Note: Contributions include 7 per cent programme support costs, and exclude $33.4 million for implementation in 2018. China 2,000,000 1,000,001 3,000,001 Private Donors in Australia 1,852,697 553,762 2,406,459 Saudi Arabia 2,404,000 2,404,000 Luxembourg 2,301,255 2,301,255 The Global Fund 2,090,890 2,090,890 United Arab Emirates 1,592,117 1,592,117 United Nations Development Programme 1,394,426 1,394,426 United Nations Children’s Fund 1,245,475 1,245,475 Spain 832,115 239,637 171,801 1,243,553 United Nations Peacebuilding Fund 659,723 81,288 500,000 1,241,011 Private Donors in the United Arab Emirates 786,000 214,000 3,078 1,003,078 United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS 944,000 944,000 Private Donors in Italy 553,249 534 320,119 873,902 Intergovernmental Authority on Development 846,997 846,997 One United Nations Fund 840,622 840,622 Private Donors in the United Kingdom 473,128 354,539 827,667 Private Donors Worldwide 37,143 494,664 531,807 Private Donors in Switzerland 111,463 406,046 517,508 Private Donors in Canada 375,003 63,516 438,519

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FOREWORD For the Americas, 2017 was a year of great concern. In Colombia, despite the implementation of the peace agreement, numerous community leaders were reportedly murdered, there was new The Americas displacement, both internal and external, and child recruitment by armed groups and gender‑based violence continued along the Pacific Coast and in border areas. Around 1.5 million Venezuelans left their country, and hundreds of thousands remained in an irregular situation, making them particularly vulnerable to exploitation, trafficking, violence, forced recruitment, sexual abuse, discrimination and xenophobia. Asylum applications from the North of Central America increased due to violence and insecurity caused by gangs and drug cartels, which particularly affected children and families. Though the response from host countries to mixed flows has been generous, national capacities throughout the Americas region were overstretched. UNHCR continued supporting governments in their response, but needs were higher than the Office’s capacity to respond.

However, 2017 was also a year of hope, solidarity and a renewed commitment from countries in the region to improving the lives of refugees, asylum‑seekers, IDPs and the stateless. It was the third year of implementation of the Brazil Declaration and Plan of Action and, as a result, 35 States and territories participated in national and regional consultations to evaluate their progress. The talks culminated in the 100 Points of Brasilia— a regional compilation of best practices for supporting people of concern— which constituted the contribution from Latin America and the Caribbean to the development and implementation of the global compact on refugees. © UNHCR/ Reynesson© Damasceno UNHCR/

Two Warao indigenous girls from Venezuela play in the Boa Vista shelter, in northern Brazil, where UNHCR has complemented government efforts to provide immediate assistance to the most vulnerable.

80 UNHCR GLOBAL REPORT 2017 UNHCR GLOBAL REPORT 2017 81 ]Place more space in between the three highlight[

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NORTH OF CENTRAL AMERICA Equally inspiring was the way the International support continued to be SITUATION Americas pioneered the regional needed to complement their efforts and 294,000 application of Annex 1 of the New York achieve the desired impact of this new REFUGEES and asylum-seekers were Declaration for Refugees and Migrants— framework. displaced from the the Comprehensive Refugee Response North of Central America The Americas continued to be a worldwide Framework (CRRF). In October 2017, 130,500 leader in solutions. In 2017, the region NEW ASYLUM Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, APPLICATIONS VENEZUELA received more than 50,000 refugees Mexico and Panama agreed to its regional were lodged SITUATION* resettled mostly in Canada and the United in 2017 alone application, the Comprehensive Regional 1.5 million States of America. Meanwhile, Argentina, Protection and Solutions Framework, known VENEZUELANS Brazil and Chile designed and implemented moved to neighbouring as MIRPS (Marco Integral Regional para la countries and beyond resettlement and community‑based since 2014 Protección y Soluciones). In line with this sponsorship programmes. Local integration framework, these countries committed to 142,600 was boosted with the adoption of public VENEZUELANS strengthening their protection responses lodged asylum claims policies at the national and local level that since 2014 and intensifying their search for solutions facilitated the inclusion of refugees and for people fleeing violence in the 444,000 stateless persons (see the chapter on MEXICO VENEZUELANS North of Central America. The MIRPS places have accessed Building better futures). alternative legal emphasis on a comprehensive regional BELIZE forms of stay

approach that includes countries of origin, The continent also made strides towards GUATEMALA HONDURAS COLOMBIA EL SALVADOR transit and asylum. It aims to mitigate and eradicating statelessness. The Parliaments NICARAGUA SITUATION address the root causes of displacement, of Chile and Haiti began accession to COSTA RICA TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO VENEZUELA minimize the suffering and exploitation of the 1954 and 1961 UN Statelessness 7.7 million PANAMA IDPs by year’s end those fleeing, provide access to effective Conventions, while Brazil, Colombia, Costa 75,100 COLOMBIA asylum procedures, and promote safe, Rica, Cuba and Ecuador adopted legal IDPs in 2017 alone ECUADOR dignified and sustainable solutions. While measures to prevent statelessness, facilitate 23% Central American countries demonstrated the naturalization of stateless persons, INCREASE IN ASYLUM CLAIMS BRAZIL exemplary ownership of the process in or establish statelessness determination lodged by Colombians 2017, their protection mechanisms and in Ecuador compared procedures. to 2016 social services remained increasingly BOLIVIA Renata Dubini overstretched. Director of UNHCR’s Regional Bureau for the Americas

9.9 MILLION PEOPLE OF CONCERN IN THE AMERICAS 131 PARTNERS IN THE AMERICAS

Americas AGE AND GENDER BREAKDOWN 115 NATIONAL NGO PARTNERS SITUATIONS . million REFUGEES AND ASYLUM-SEEKERS 11 INTERNATIONAL NGO PARTNERS Americas < 1.5 million REFUGEES 2 GOVERNMENT PARTNERS AGE AND GENDER BREAKDOWN People of concern REFUGEES , | % REFUGEES AND ASYLUM-SEEKERS 3 UN AGENCIES/OTHER PARTNERS 644,000ASYLUM-SEEKERS | 6% , | % ASLYLUM-SEEKERS 1.5 > 3 million 879,000 | 9%STATELESS People of concern 14% , OF THE GLOBAL STATELESS PERSONS POPULATION OF RETURNEES (refugees & IDPs) CONCERN 6,500 STAFF IN THE AMERICAS  481 > 3 million RETURNEES (Refugees and IDPs) IDPs People of concern 200 . million | % IDPs % 57% OTHERS OF CONCERN 43 FEMALE MALE  , | % 7.9 MILLION | 80% CRRF Countries 18% OTHERS OF CONCERN * New Emergencies 464,000 | 5% 1%% 51 BASED IN LOCATIONS HARDSHIP LOCATIONS

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MAJOR SITUATIONS disputed by armed actors and other need of protection could access territory UNHCR’s support, around 71,500 people dissidents. Uncertainty increased in an and asylum procedures. were forced to change their residence in the Colombia situation environment where State presence in many country between 2006 and 2016 because The Office advocated for providing of the most affected regions remained weak, of violence. The first year of immediate humanitarian assistance and particularly along the Pacific Coast and in implementation of securing solutions to people with urgent Against this backdrop, UNHCR organized border areas. By year’s end, there were Colombia’s peace protection needs. These solutions included protection dialogues with various 7.7 million IDPs in Colombia. More than 75,100 agreement with the resettlement, humanitarian evacuation stakeholders from El Salvador, Guatemala, Revolutionary Armed people were internally displaced in 2017 through the protection transfer arrangement Honduras, Mexico and the United States Forces of Colombia alone, and 78 leaders and members of social (PTA) and relocation. of America—including governments and (FARC) was challenging. organizations were killed. Furthermore, there civil society actors. At these protection Communities in several regions continued was a 23 per cent increase compared to The PTA: an innovative dialogues, a range of issues were to be affected by the presence of armed 2016 in the number of asylum claims lodged discussed, including the challenges groups. The demobilization of FARC left a by Colombian nationals in Ecuador. This trend lifesaving mechanism for people at heightened risk associated with protecting people power vacuum in areas that then became is expected to continue into the future. uprooted by violence and insecurity. Broad The PTA is an innovative lifesaving evacuation consensus was reached during meetings mechanism for people exposed to extreme risks © UNHCR/Santiago Escobar© Jaramillo UNHCR/Santiago in the NCA. It provides them with safe and legal that an effective international protection Cash for multi-purpose protection access to a durable solution in a resettlement and sustainable solutions remain contingent interventions country, via a country of transit. The programme on political will, institutional capacity and is coordinated by UNHCR, IOM, Costa Rica as regional cooperation in countries of origin, Cash-based intervention (CBI) programmes were successful the transit country for the pilot, the governments in helping around 25,000 asylum-seekers and refugees of the countries of origin, and participating transit and asylum. living in extreme poverty and at heightened risk in Central resettlement countries. More than 1,400 people America, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Haiti and Mexico. were eligible for the PTA in 2017, and almost In line with Chapter Four of the Brazil Brazil and Colombia provided cash assistance to more than 500 were referred to the authorities of Australia, Plan of Action, which calls for solidarity 400 Venezuelan households to cover their basic needs. Canada and the United States of America. with the North of Central America and as UNHCR gave cash grants to some Colombians in the Bolivarian a demonstration of sub-regional political Republic of Venezuela who intended to return to their country Visit to Venezuelan asylum-seekers family, Regional developments, coupled with will, six States in the region—Belize, of origin. assisted by UNHCR. CBIs work towards the integration of people of concern in the greater migratory controls and checkpoints Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico social protection assistance mechanisms of countries, thereby on the southern Mexican border, changed and Panama—adopted the San Pedro helping ensure sustainability. More than 1,700 refugees received cash assistance in Argentina and displacement patterns and resulted in a Sula Declaration in October 2017, which Costa Rica in 2017 to help them start a business or another livelihood activity. UNHCR also assisted growing proportion of asylum claims lodged prompted the launch of the regional CRRF people of concern in Ecuador and the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela to access banking services. in countries such as Costa Rica, Guatemala for Central America and Mexico, known 500,000 and Mexico during 2017. Mexican authorities as MIRPS. Under the MIRPS, States people entered In November 2017, Ecuador’s civil registry Mexico from North of Central America situation estimate that, in 2017, some 500,000 people committed to strengthening protection and initiated a process to issue identity Guatemala in entered Mexico from Guatemala. UNHCR expanding solutions for people of concern 2017. documents to recognized refugees. This The rise in asylum claims and partners identified and assisted more in the region and working together to process followed the adoption in Ecuador from the North of Central than 23,000 people in transit in the NCA enhance regional cooperation and of a law on Human Mobility which, amongst America (NCA) who had international protection needs. responsibility-sharing mechanisms. other things, was designed to better continued in 2017, with regulate the documentation of people more than 130,500 new Internal displacement caused by violence The MIRPS includes national action plans on the move. Under this new approach, asylum applications. was widespread in the NCA. Data on IDPs developed through government-led identity cards with a two-year validity were The number of and victims of violence is fragmented, consultations with stakeholders, as part of issued to refugees. These cards are similar asylum-seekers and refugees from the NCA except in Honduras where a 2014 profiling a “whole-of-society” approach. Relevant to the personal documents provided to reached more than 294,000 as of the end of exercise in 20 urban municipalities stakeholders included in this consultation national citizens and foreigners residing in 2017, an increase of 58 per cent from a year estimated the presence of 174,000 IDPs in process were people of concern to UNHCR, the country, and improve the legal status earlier. This is sixteen times more people the country. According to the results of a UNCTs, and representatives of civil of refugees and their access to public than at the end of 2011. UNHCR worked profiling study conducted by El Salvador’s society, the private sector and academia. programmes and services. with governments to help ensure people in Minister of Justice and Public Security with In addition to the six MIRPS countries, a

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further ten cooperating States and entities three-year national and regional action Host communities receiving Venezuelans their country. UNHCR also scaled up its committed to actively support the MIRPS, plans to address the situation in countries were also under increasing strain, as they presence in border areas and worked including by identifying specific areas they of origin, transit and asylum or destination. sought to extend assistance and services to to strengthen asylum and registration will support through financial assistance For instance, as a direct result of the MIRPS, those arriving. systems throughout the region. In addition, and technical cooperation. Furthermore, Belize and Panama proposed actions to the Office continued to be engaged in UNHCR worked with governments and in line with the spirit of the Brazil Plan of include refugees in national education community-based protection approaches other partners across the continent to Action, the participation of four States from services; Mexico took steps to guarantee and provision of assistance to the most establish a coordinated and comprehensive South America in support of the MIRPS the access of refugees to livelihood training, vulnerable. Finally, with the support of response to the Venezuela situation. was a strong example of South–South employment programmes and financial authorities, partners and host communities, Assessments, profiling and protection cooperation. By the end of 2017, MIRPS services; and Guatemala was providing awareness and solidarity campaigns were monitoring enabled better understanding countries were striving to implement refugees with access to job support services rolled out to combat discrimination and of the humanitarian and international more than 180 commitments outlined in (see the chapter on Building better futures). xenophobia. protection needs of Venezuelans exiting © UNHCR/Arturo Almenar © UNHCR/Arturo Smith © UNHCR/Paul Grateful Colombian refugee opens home Goodwill Ambassador support for the to Venezuelans in need “Children on the Run” campaign “It’s time to give something back,” says Angelica Lamos Ballesteros, from her home in the dusty hilltop suburb of Cúcuta, Colombia. The “Children on the Run” is a UNHCR Private Sector Partnerships (PSP) 51-year-old was forced to leave her home in Colombia’s mountainous campaign focused on the Americas that aims to raise funds for people Norte de Santander by gun-toting guerrillas. She now lives just west fleeing from Central America and awareness of the NCA of the Táchira River, which borders the Bolivarian Republic of situation. Several PSP markets, including Brazil, Canada, Venezuela and has opened her home to Venezuelans in Mexico, and National Partners such as España con ACNUR their hour of need. and USA for UNHCR, raised around $3 million in 2017 for Renowned actor Diego Luna speaks at Women and children share a meal at those affected by violence in the NCA. the launch of the Children on the Run former refugee Angelica Lamos’s home “People arrive here with nothing,” she says. campaign in Mexico City. in Cúcuta, Colombia. The campaign was launched in Mexico by actor Diego Luna, and was amplified far and wide in 2017 by a range of high profile voices, including Mexican singer and songwriter, Natalia Lafourcade, and the Puerto Rican rap artist, Residente. Vlogger Rosianna Halse Rojas travelled to Colombia with UNHCR as part of the YouTube Plurinational State of Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Creators for Change programme. She led workshops aimed ACHIEVEMENTS at empowering young women affected by conflict to film AND IMPACT Costa Rica, Mexico, Panama, Peru and and produce videos. Trinidad and Tobago. UNHCR continued Across the Americas, countries offering capacity‑building support and demonstrated their commitment to technical advice within the QAI framework. Venezuela situation According to figures provided by host improving the lives of people of concern, governments, more than 142,600 including by enhancing asylum systems, In May 2017, to enhance access to refugee In the past few years, Venezuelans lodged asylum claims since seeking solutions, adopting inclusive status determination (RSD) procedures, the deteriorating the beginning of 2014. Around half of these public policies, taking steps towards the UNHCR, the Inter‑American Institute socioeconomic and were in 2017. Another 444,000 Venezuelans eradication of statelessness and protecting of Human Rights, and 40 civil society political situation in the accessed alternative legal forms of stay children and survivors of sexual and organizations launched the Americas Bolivarian Republic of under national or regional frameworks, gender‑based violence (SGBV). Network for Refugee Legal Aid. The Venezuela has caused including in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, network researches refugee protection around 1.5 million Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Uruguay. Building a harmonized standards, supports legal counselling Venezuelans to move to neighbouring However, the vast majority continued to find asylum system and representation for an increasing countries and beyond. Their primary themselves in an irregular situation. Without number of people in need of international destinations were Brazil, Colombia, documentation or permission to remain, Ecuador became the tenth country in protection, and trains refugee lawyers and Costa Rica, Mexico, Peru, Spain and the this group is at a higher risk of violence, the region to join the quality assurance practitioners. United States of America. exploitation, sexual abuse and trafficking. initiative (QAI), together with Argentina, the

86 UNHCR GLOBAL REPORT 2017 UNHCR GLOBAL REPORT 2017 87 REGIONAL SUMMARIES | THE AMERICAS REGIONAL SUMMARIES | THE AMERICAS © UNHCR/Chile’s Syrian Refugees Resettlement Programme In 2017, several countries adopted legal Innovation for integration measures to strengthen access to asylum. © UNHCR/Jack Aldwinckle Brazil introduced new registration forms In Costa Rica, the living integration quality seal that better capture data on asylum‑seekers is awarded to local authorities, academia, public and private sectors, as well as civil society, for making a substantial and their vulnerabilities in order to prioritize contribution to the local integration of people of concern. The cases. The country also developed a protocol Costa Rican government declared this initiative of national for unaccompanied children. Ecuador interest through a Presidential Decree. enacted provisions to issue renewable, Argentina, Brazil and Chile progressed in the design and 90‑day humanitarian visas to asylum‑seekers, implementation of their resettlement and community-based sponsorship programmes with support from the emerging ensuring protection throughout the asylum Resettled Syrian families arrive at the international airport in Chile’s capital, Santiago. resettlement countries’ joint support mechanism. Argentina procedure. Mexico issued a manual with Majd and Lana embrace outside the entrance set up an innovative private and community sponsorship state‑of‑the‑art eligibility procedures and was to their new apartment block in San Luis, model, which allowed private and public entities to sponsor central Argentina. the integration of resettled refugees. Throughout 2017, UNHCR considering adopting a protocol to accelerate coordinated with IOM and other stakeholders to strengthen the the processing of cases involving vulnerable Escaping war at home, Syrian couple capacity of those working in areas of reception and integration. people. Since Costa Rica implemented the start over in Argentina UNHCR forged new partnerships with the private sector and QAI, asylum claims have been registered at “It already feels like home,” grins Lana. education institutions. migration border posts, ensuring efficient “In Argentina we have learnt how to be human again,” adds Majd. access to RSD procedures. Despite having no asylum legislation, the Bahamas adopted The couple had little choice but to flee Syria. authorities and other actors to determine standard operating procedures to respond Ending statelessness the size of the population still in need of to asylum claims, while Trinidad and Tobago In Ecuador, UNHCR continued In 2017, Chile’s parliament approved In Ecuador, continued its transition towards assuming full documentation. the graduation implementing the graduation approach, accession to the 1954 and 1961 Conventions approach has responsibilities to process RSD. which has enabled more than 1,800 families on statelessness, Haiti was preparing for In Colombia, the national registry office has enabled more In Colombia, a accession to both conventions, and Costa than Best interest procedures and national to move towards self‑reliance. Costa Rica regulated the application of the Colombian new procedure continued to integrate refugees through Rica enacted regulations on statelessness nationality law and placed it in accordance will ensure no 1,800 protocols were developed in several countries child born in families to initiatives jointly developed with the determination procedures. However, some with the 1961 Convention on the reduction the country to move towards to ensure children’s access to asylum, family public and private sectors, such as the countries were yet to accede to the UN of statelessness. Thus, a new procedure foreign parents self-reliance. reunification and alternative care. These with an irregular Statelessness Conventions, particularly in countries included Argentina, Brazil, Chile, living integration project—a corporate will be implemented by the civil registry migratory status the Caribbean region. is stateless. El Salvador, Guatemala and Panama. social responsibility scheme promoting to ensure no child born in the country to refugees’ access to the labour market. In Cuba, residency is no longer required for foreign parents with an irregular migratory Mexico continued to implement a relocation Progressing towards the acquisition of nationality, effective from status is stateless. Ecuador passed a decree scheme to transfer refugees from the comprehensive solutions January 2018. A new decree established regulating the new Organic Law on Human country’s economically‑depressed southern a non‑automatic mode of nationality Mobility, establishing a statelessness In 2017, around 25,000 refugees States to industrial corridor States, matching acquisition, which involved submitting an determination procedure. Brazil issued a were resettled in the United States of them with job opportunities. application abroad or in the country and regulation that provides some protection for America, while Canada received nearly defined criteria for its rejection. non‑refugee stateless persons, as foreseen 27,000 refugees—approximately two‑thirds Support for public policies promoting the inclusion of refugees and stateless persons in its 2017 Migration Law, thereby advancing of whom were privately sponsored— In the Dominican Republic, essential steps was best showcased by the Cities of the agenda of statelessness identification, surpassing its target of 25,000 refugees. have been taken since the adoption of Solidarity Initiative, which saw many local protection and reduction. Law 169‑14 in May 2014, which sets out By participating in the IOM and UNHCR governments in the region directly engage procedural avenues for those born in the Sexual and gender‑based violence emergency resettlement country in solutions and the socioeconomic and country to two migrant parents who needed mechanism, Argentina, Brazil and Chile cultural inclusion of refugees. Cities like The Regional Safe Spaces Network to regularize their civil documentation. advanced the design and implementation Buenos Aires, Mexico City, Quito and improves the disclosure and identification of their resettlement and community‑based São Paulo were among those making By the end of 2017, around 20,000 people of SGBV, and response to it, by providing sponsorship programmes in 2017 (see the significant progress in integrating refugees successfully availed themselves of this a minimum service package through chapter on Building better futures). in their public policies. procedure. UNHCR is working with the multi‑country cooperation.

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Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico UNHCR also signed a regional cooperation FINANCIAL INFORMATION and the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela agreement with the Organization of have joined the initiative, which was Ibero‑American States for Education, Budget established in cooperation with civil society Science and Culture. Under the terms of • ExCom revised budget: $145.6 million. actors and community volunteers. The the agreement, organizations will work Network offers information to survivors of together to facilitate access to education • Final budget: $151.4 million. SGBV and children at risk and facilitates for asylum‑seekers, refugees, IDPs and • Budget increase: $5.7 million / +4% to bolster UNHCR’s presence and monitoring access to specialized and multi‑sectoral stateless persons in the Americas. capacity in border areas, where people from the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela services along the displacement cycle, and were increasingly arriving, and to respond to the growing needs in the North of Central across countries. CONSTRAINTS America. UNHCR has also prioritized the protection The movement of large numbers of of people of concern from sexual Venezuelans in the region, as well as the exploitation and abuse through the hardships and risks that many of these reinforcement of complaint mechanisms, people endure, are of particular concern. Expenditure taking into account age, gender and While States’ response to the situation has As % of As % of global diversity. SOURCE OF EXPENDITURE USD | thousands expenditure within expenditure by been generous, as the year progressed the region source of funding some were reaching saturation point and Strengthening regional cooperation Earmarked 310 0.4% 0% began to institute restrictive measures. Carry-over from prior years Unearmarked - - - In the spirit of regional cooperation, Asylum systems were overstretched, Earmarked 11,666 13.6% 1% Canada, Mexico and the United States resulting in increased delays and Softly earmarked 26,042 30.3% 4% Voluntary contributions of America engaged in capacity‑building backlogs. The Southern Caribbean region Unearmarked 46,341 53.9% 12% projects to strengthen the region’s asylum is particularly vulnerable to significant In-kind 442 0.5% 1% Programme support costs - - - - systems. Venezuelan arrivals. The mixed nature of Other income - 1,236 1.4% 1% those arriving poses challenges in terms In November 2017, UNHCR signed a of the adequate identification of those with TOTAL 86,037 100% 2% memorandum of understanding with international protection needs. MERCOSUR (Mercado Común del Sur) to promote international refugee law, While UNHCR has expanded its presence • Funding gap: 43%. adherence with international protection by strengthening its protection networks, instruments, regional cooperation, humanitarian access to certain violent • Flexible funding was critical for the Americas accounting for the 84% of regional responsibility‑sharing mechanisms, and urban neighbourhoods, cities or provinces expenditure: 54% was unearmarked and 30% was softly earmarked. joint activities to protect refugees, IDPs controlled by armed groups in El Salvador • The funding shortfall substantially limited UNHCR’s ability to provide the necessary and the stateless. and Honduras remained challenging. The technical assistance to governments to enhance national asylum systems and gradually Office maintained frequent and active The second meeting of the Caribbean transfer responsibility to them for RSD procedures. communication with local communities and Migration Consultations was held in the implementing partners to evaluate and • The funding shortfall meant there was a lack of local integration alternatives and Bahamas in December 2017. At the meeting, mitigate security risks. livelihood support was restricted. States defined key priorities to better promote refugee protection, as well as • Limited implementation of cash-based and community-based interventions directly discussed the application of a rights‑based affected the welfare of people of concern. There were insufficient solutions for those approach to the management of mixed facing limited resettlement places, and UNHCR’s capacity to help efficiently coordinate movements. and build protection and integration networks was hampered.

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BUDGET AND EXPENDITURE IN THE AMERICAS | USD VOLUNTARY CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE AMERICAS | USD PILLAR 1 PILLAR 2 PILLAR 4 PILLAR 1 PILLAR 2 PILLAR 3 PILLAR 4 Refugee Stateless IDP DONOR ALL PILLARS TOTAL Refugee Stateless Reintegration IDP programme programme projects OPERATION TOTAL programme programme projects projects United States of America 4,386,138 23,300,000 27,686,138 NORTH AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN European Union 1,040,664 1,506,881 213,447 2,760,993 Canada Budget 1,575,006 165,235 - - 1,740,241 Canada 1,005,061 1,486,989 2,492,050 Expenditure 1,497,721 118,728 - - 1,616,449 Private Donors in Spain 1,590,248 1,590,248 United States of America Regional Office1 Budget 16,054,750 11,994,320 - - 28,049,070 International Organization for Migration 767,015 689,792 1,456,807 Expenditure 7,797,434 6,087,065 - - 13,884,499 Spain 727,258 559,910 1,287,168 Denmark 760,000 760,000 SUBTOTAL Budget 17,629,756 12,159,555 - - 29,789,311 Private Donors in Germany 710,900 710,900 Expenditure 9,295,155 6,205,793 - - 15,500,948 Switzerland 690,335 690,335 Brazil 662,778 662,778 LATIN AMERICA Private Donors in Mexico 546,148 546,148 Argentina Regional Office2 Budget 5,856,262 215,073 - - 6,071,336 Private Donors in Switzerland 297,950 140,000 437,950 Expenditure 4,308,905 207,270 - - 4,516,175 Private Donors in Canada 343,377 343,377 Brazil Budget 5,670,375 189,875 - - 5,860,249 Private Donors in Brazil 327,418 327,418 Expenditure 4,338,126 133,903 - - 4,472,029 UN Peacebuilding Fund 162,500 162,500 Colombia Budget 2,234,602 - - 26,868,265 29,102,868 Argentina 113,900 113,900 Expenditure 1,976,883 - - 14,363,253 16,340,136 UN Programme on HIV/AIDS 112,420 112,420 Costa Rica Budget 6,054,072 409,983 - - 6,464,055 World Food Programme 100,000 100,000 Expenditure 4,004,841 335,081 - - 4,339,921 Private Donors in Italy 188 54,289 21 54,499 Regional Legal Unit Costa Rica Budget 3,157,492 912,506 - - 4,069,998 Germany 35,548 35,548 Expenditure 1,797,076 471,728 - - 2,268,804 Private Donors in Japan 32,250 32,250 Ecuador Budget 18,807,945 - - 3,000,000 21,807,945 Private Donors in the Netherlands 26,681 26,681 Expenditure 11,332,827 - - - 11,332,827 Private Donors in the United States of America 14,316 14,316 Mexico Budget 14,732,287 - - - 14,732,287 Private Donors in Colombia 3,420 3,420 Expenditure 9,617,442 - - - 9,617,442 Private Donors Worldwide 248 2,962 3,210 Panama Regional Office3 Budget 22,672,194 - - - 22,672,194 Expenditure 12,700,587 - - - 12,700,587 TOTAL 9,905,590 2,196,673 1,693,652 28,615,140 42,411,055 Venezuela Budget 8,667,207 - - - 8,667,207 Note: Contributions include 7 per cent programme support costs. Expenditure 4,074,329 - - - 4,074,329 Regional activities4 Budget 2,149,340 - - - 2,149,340 Expenditure 874,041 - - - 874,041

SUBTOTAL Budget 90,001,777 1,727,437 - 29,868,265 121,597,480 Expenditure 55,025,058 1,147,981 - 14,363,253 70,536,292 EXPENDITURE IN THE AMERICAS 2013-2017 | USD

TOTAL Budget 107,631,533 13,886,992 29,868,265 151,386,791 Expenditure 64,320,212 7,353,774 14,363,253 86,037,240 1 Includes Belize, Dominican Republic and Haiti. 2 Includes activities in the Plurinational State of Bolivia, Chile, Paraguay, Peru and Uruguay. 3 Includes activities in Cuba, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and the Regional Legal Unit. 4 Regional activities cover the entire Americas region.

2017 EXPENDITURE IN THE AMERICAS | USD EXPENDITURE IN THE AMERICAS | USD $86 million $ million PILLAR

$ . million | % s n

PILLAR  illi o $. million | .%

OF GLOBAL PILLAR  EXPENDITURE 2% $. million |  .%

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FOREWORD In 2017, Asia and the Pacific was home to more than 60 per cent of the world’s population. With some 4.4 billion people, the region is an engine for global development, characterized by economic growth, rising living standards, and people on the move seeking new opportunities.

However, in 2017, millions of people were not following this upward trajectory. The region hosted 9.5 million people of concern to UNHCR, including 4.2 million refugees, 2.7 million IDPs, and an estimated 2.2 million stateless persons. Of the total population of concern to UNHCR, half were children; more than half were women and girls; and many had no nationality, documentation or place to call home.

The long‑standing tradition of hospitality towards many displaced people remained strong across the region. This was demonstrated by the remarkable response of Bangladesh, which kept its borders open to nearly 655,000 stateless refugees fleeing violence in Myanmar.

The influx dramatically altered the operational context for UNHCR in Bangladesh. As a result of the urgent humanitarian needs, UNHCR ramped up its capacity in support of refugees, the Government and local communities generously hosting them. The solutions to this crisis lie in Myanmar, and it is there that the search must start for them. The efforts needed to enable the voluntary and sustainable repatriation of refugees failed to materialize in 2017, and they must begin with humanitarian access for UNHCR. Preserving the right of return, however, remained a central priority for UNHCR and Asia and the Office welcomed the commitments made by Bangladesh and Myanmar on dignified, safe, and voluntary repatriation in 2017. the Pacific Arnold © UNHCR/Roger A Rohingya father carries his children in a basket as he wades through water crossing the border from Myanmar into Bangladesh near the village of Anzuman Para in Palong Khali, October 2017.

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Across the region, statelessness remained The Solutions Strategy for Afghan Refugees a significant challenge in 2017. An estimated (SSAR) remained a vital regional platform AFGHANISTAN MYANMAR 2.2 million people had no nationality in for solutions in 2017. Since its adoption in SITUATION SITUATION the region, more than anywhere else in 2012, it has continued to pave the way for 1.4 million 932,200 the world. UNHCR’s campaign to end the UNHCR‑assisted voluntary repatriation REFUGEES REFUGEES sought protection sought protection in statelessness by 2024 remains a historic of more than 660,000 Afghan refugees. In in Pakistan Bangladesh by year’s end opportunity. The region made modest 2017, some 58,800 refugees, mostly from 950,000 progress with addressing statelessness in Pakistan, chose to return home. Despite REFUGEES 655,000 sought protection in the REFUGEES 2017, with more than 25,000 people in the a decrease from the year before, this was Islamic Republic of Iran fled to Bangladesh region acquiring a nationality, including in still globally the third largest number of in 2017 alone 1.8 million the Philippines, Thailand and Turkmenistan. voluntary returns from one country in that IDPs by year’s end 55% period. were under 18 years Lasting solutions to the protracted Afghan 52% refugee situation—one of the largest In 2017, UNHCR continued to provide were female in the world—remained contingent on assistance and protection for people of developments inside Afghanistan. More concern, finding solutions for them and than 10,000 innocent civilians either lost strengthening partnerships with a wide their lives or were injured in 2017 due to array of actors—including development ongoing violence and there was an increase partners, the private sector and with in the number of casualties from suicide and States and regional bodies. The Office complex attacks, including on humanitarian was thankful to the international community AFGHANISTAN workers. As a result of this violence, for its political and financial support to 1.8 million people in Afghanistan were UNHCR’s work in 2017. As the world internally displaced as of the end of 2017. continued to face a range of pressing Another 2.6 million Afghans remained international challenges, the Office BANGLADESH refugees. The majority of the Afghan appealed for continued robust solidarity MYANMAR refugee population remained generously and support for refugee, stateless and hosted by the Islamic Republics of Iran displaced populations in the region. and Pakistan. With UNHCR support, these Indrika Ratwatte

nations continued to provide refugees with Director of UNHCR’s Regional Bureau for Asia and the Pacific

a chance at a decent life.

9.5 MILLION 168 PARTNERS PEOPLE OF CONCERN IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC Asia and the Pacific IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC . million AGE AND GENDER BREAKDOWN 115 NATIONAL NGO PARTNERS REFUGEES AND ASYLUM-SEEKERS 29 INTERNATIONAL NGO PARTNERS Asia REFUGEES AGE AND GENDER BREAKDOWN 22 GOVERNMENT PARTNERS REFUGEES . million | % REFUGEES AND ASYLUM-SEEKERS 2 UN AGENCIES/OTHER PARTNERS 4.2 MILLIONASYLUM-SEEKERS | 44% , | % ASLYLUM-SEEKERS STATELESS* 160,000 | 2% 13% . million | % OF THE GLOBAL STATELESS PERSONS* POPULATION OF RETURNEES (refugees & IDPs) 1,254 STAFF SITUATIONS CONCERN 2.2 million | 23%  , | % IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC RETURNEESIDPs (Refugees and IDPs) < 1.5 million 696,000. | 7% million | % People of concern IDPs OTHERS OF CONCERN 63% 37% FEMALE , | % MALE 2.7 MILLION | 29% > 3 million * The stateless population includes 932,000 Myanmar 50% OTHERSrefugees in Bangladesh OF CONCERN and 126,000 stateless IDPs in Myanmar who are counted in refugee and IDP populations. People of concern CRRF COUNTRY 529,000 | 6% 51% % 66 BASED IN LOCATIONS HARDSHIP LOCATIONS Situation * The stateless population includes 932,000 Myanmar refugees in Bangladesh and New Emergencies 126,000 stateless IDPs in Myanmar who are counted in refugee and IDP populations. *

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The protracted nature of the Afghan McConnell © UNHCR/Andrew level of alert—and in September 2017 MAJOR SITUATIONS In Bangladesh, refugee situation in the two major host launched a supplementary appeal for UNHCR has Afghan refugees in South‑West Asia countries continued to underscore the $57.3 million for September to December made its most significant In Afghanistan, need for long‑term solutions. To that 2017. A humanitarian response plan was deployment of end, there was a focus on the creation also launched in September 2017 for the its organizational violence and insecurity emergency triggered new forced of conditions conducive to voluntary Rohingya refugee crisis. To support response to repatriation to Afghanistan and support for refugees, affected local communities and assist hundreds displacement, making of thousands of sustainable returns and refugee‑hosting communities at the fifth the Government of Bangladesh, the Office refugees. reintegration more Quadripartite Steering Committee meeting, Eighteen-year-old Rabiaa Khatun and her niece, rapidly expanded its emergency response, involving Afghanistan, the Islamic Republics Umme Salma, 8, walk 10 kilometres from the mobilizing airlifts of humanitarian aid and challenging. Conflict Myanmar border to a UNHCR transit camp in displaced more than of Iran and Pakistan, together with UNHCR, Kutupalong, Bangladesh. increasing UNHCR’s on‑the‑ground 470,000 people in Afghanistan in 2017, on 1 December 2017 in Istanbul. At that presence in Bangladesh. At the same time, meeting, participants reaffirmed the Orphaned Rohingya children forced the Office continued to explore durable affecting 31 out of 34 provinces. As at the to grow up too fast end of 2017, nearly all Afghan refugees significance of SSAR and their commitment solutions to the crisis. to work together to ensure the voluntary In Bangladesh, thousands of teenaged refugees (96 per cent) lived in the neighbouring are now caring for their younger siblings and In Cox’s Bazar District, the Office also return of Afghan refugees in safety and countries of the Islamic Republics of Iran relatives after losing their families to violence in addressed critical protection, shelter, water, dignity, including through joint resource and Pakistan. Myanmar. sanitation, health, nutrition and other needs. mobilization efforts. “Since we all lost our parents, I am now playing Delivering appropriate shelter and site Pakistan hosted 1.4 million Afghan refugees, the role of a mother,” said Rabiaa. planning responses proved challenging making it the largest such host country Myanmar situation “I will take care of them for the rest worldwide. To meet the significant needs of my life. I want to see them given high population density and difficult of this group, the Government of Pakistan, In August 2017, the well-educated.” topographical conditions. In addition, with assistance from UNHCR, has been region experienced the UNHCR established a consolidated, largest and most comprehensive identity management implementing the Refugee Affected and commonly affect refugees, the population in sudden exodus of system to ensure people’s needs were met. Hosting Areas initiative to support host Cox’s Bazar District also faced severe refugees from Myanmar communities. In 2017, this initiative benefited crowding. Significant shelter, food, nutrition, To provide maximum access to social and in decades. In more than 500,000 people—31 per cent of water, health and sanitation needs also psychological services, UNHCR constructed September alone, more whom were Afghan refugees—focusing on placed extreme pressure on national and seven community centres in Kutapalong than half a million youth empowerment through education, host community services; capacities that settlement, which included integrated stateless refugees arrived in Bangladesh skills training and livelihood support. were already stretched. In response to the information points and trained community from Myanmar. The influx was triggered by unfolding crisis, UNHCR declared an outreach staff. Finally, to ensure effective With 950,000 Afghan refugees and security operations in the northern part of internal Level 3 Emergency—its highest coordination and delivery of services almost 30,000 refugees from Iraq, Myanmar’s Rakhine State, in response to the Islamic Republic of Iran was the attacks on police and military posts

second largest host country worldwide launched on 25 August 2017. By the end of Arnold © UNHCR/Roger of Afghan refugees. In 2017, the Islamic the year, nearly 655,000 refugees had fled Community outreach offering a vital bridge Republic of Iran expanded refugee to Bangladesh to escape violence and between refugees and UNHCR access to healthcare through its universal serious human rights violations In line with UNHCR’s commitment to innovative community outreach public health insurance scheme, giving in Myanmar’s Rakhine State. The new projects, UNHCR oversaw the construction of seven community centres 125,000 refugees access to the same level arrivals joined more than 276,000 refugees in the Kutapalong settlement in Bangladesh. The centres feature of services as Iranian nationals. There case management rooms, space for private counselling, as well as 420,00 from Myanmar already in Bangladesh in community-led activities. A community outreach members’ initiative were also positive developments on the Afghan and Iraqi Cox’s Bazar District. More than was also launched in December 2017, providing refugees without refugee children education front in the Islamic Republic of three‑quarters of the refugees were women access to traditional information channels with personalized, lifesaving were enrolled Iran in 2017. More than 420,000 Afghan Rashida Begum, 23, a Rohingya information. The initiative offers a vital bridge between refugees in primary and and children; of this total, 55 per cent were shipwreck survivor who lost relatives and Iraqi refugee children were enrolled in when her boat capsized on Inani Beach and UNHCR staff, helping the Office better understand and address secondary school under 18 years and around half (52 per cent) refugees’ needs. By the end of 2017, 50 refugee men and women of all in the Islamic near Cox’s Bazar, receives counselling primary and secondary school during the were female. In addition to the protection, from UNHCR psychologist Mahmuda at ages were participating in the initiative. Republic of Iran. Kutupalong refugee camp in Bangladesh. 2016–2017 academic year. psychological and social challenges that

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and support to vulnerable populations, governments to ensuring the voluntary and and Nauru. In 2017, UNHCR exceptionally particularly in the context of the Myanmar UNHCR ensured relevant technical staff safe return of refugees to their places of agreed to help with the relocation of some situation, to allow for safe and sustainable were quickly deployed to the field (see origin in Myanmar. Although UNHCR was refugees to the United States of America returns. the chapter on Responding with lifesaving not a party to the agreement, it extended an following a bilateral agreement between In February 2017, the Government of support). offer of support to both governments to lay the two countries. UNHCR continued its Pakistan adopted a comprehensive 900,000 the ground for its eventual implementation. advocacy with the Government of Australia policy on the voluntary repatriation and undocumented to take responsibility for those who will not Afghans were

© UNHCR/Caroline Gluck © UNHCR/Caroline management of Afghan refugees, extending be relocated under this arrangement and registered by the ACHIEVEMENTS the validity of “proof of registration” Government of find solutions for them. Pakistan, with AND IMPACT cards until the end of March 2018. The the support of In South‑East Asia, UNHCR continued to Government of Pakistan, supported UNHCR. Despite the Asia and the Pacific region engage extensively with the Bali Process by UNHCR, also launched a six‑month witnessing some of the most challenging on People Smuggling, Trafficking in Persons programme in July 2017 to register displacement crises in the world in 2017, and Related Transnational Crime. UNHCR undocumented Afghans. Together, they States remained committed to protecting also increased its engagement with the have registered some 900,000 people: a people of concern to UNHCR. The Office Association of Southeast Asian Nations ground‑breaking effort. supported governments as they sought to Pilot cash assistance project rolls out in world’s to address the causes of displacement, largest refugee settlement in Bangladesh. “The improve asylum procedures, prevent and first thing I’ll do is pay off our debts and then we’ll use this money to buy food.” Samuda, 35, from reduce statelessness, and find durable Buthidaung, Myanmar waits with other Rohingya refugees at Kutupalong camp to receive cash solutions for protracted refugee situations. Aslam Khan © UNHCR/Duniya assistance. She supports her 15-year-old daughter on her own. Afghans dream of stepping out of Safeguarding access to the shadows with Pakistan ID scheme protection and asylum Cash for basic protection needs “I am feeling confident that I will have at least some sort of identity while in Pakistan,” says Rehman, who was born and raised in Pakistan While advocating and supporting the In 2017, with the approval of the Government of to Afghan parents. Bangladesh, UNHCR and partners began work establishment and improvement of asylum “If the police arrest me now, at least I will be released without much on the launch of a pilot cash project in Cox’s procedures by States, UNHCR promoted Bazar to provide selected refugees with cash trouble.” protection‑sensitive systems to manage to cover basic needs, such as weatherproofing The pilot programme launched in July 2017 seeks to ahead of the wet season. An expected mixed movements in the region. Afghan refugees hold up cards providing register undocumented Afghans living in the country, 13,000 households will be reached by this pilot. proof of registration, in Maach, Pakistan. many of whom have lived in Pakistan for nearly four UNHCR undertook refugee status A new pilot programme is issuing citizen cards to undocumented Afghans in decades and raised children there. determination (RSD) in countries without Pakistan. In Myanmar, access to the northern part national asylum procedures and provided of Rakhine State had been severely technical support to governments that constrained since August 2017. UNHCR conduct RSD. The Office also worked advocate with that Government measures encouraged the Government of Myanmar with States and other stakeholders to Seeking durable solutions for that ought to be taken to ensure return to grant humanitarian access and allow identify alternatives to the detention protracted refugee situations is sustainable, including the importance humanitarian programmes and activities of asylum‑seekers, and to influence Given the ongoing violence in Afghanistan of reintegration assistance, land rights, to resume there, including efforts to government legislation and policy relating and the country’s limited absorption employment, shelter, health and education. create conditions conducive to voluntary, to refugee matters. UNHCR also sought capacity, UNHCR did not promote refugee To better support the reintegration sustainable return, in line with the Rakhine solutions for people of concern, including returns there in 2017. However, as per its of Afghan refugees, UNHCR and the Advisory Commission’s recommendations. through regional schemes beyond mandate and within the framework of the World Bank Group also signed a data resettlement to third countries, such as SSAR, it did assist with the return of people In November 2017, the Governments of sharing agreement in November 2017 to labour mobility agreements. of concern to their place of origin, based Myanmar and Bangladesh agreed on strengthen data collection and analysis. an arrangement for the voluntary return Australia’s policy of offshore processing, on a free and informed decision, in and to to Myanmar of Rohingya refugees who which denies access to asylum in Australia conditions of safety and dignity. In July 2017, In Sri Lanka, more than 1,500 refugees arrived after September 2016. The bilateral for refugees arriving by sea without a valid a delegation of 160 Afghan refugees returned home in 2017, many to the agreement outlined commitments by both visa, continued in Papua New Guinea travelled from Pakistan to Afghanistan to northern and eastern parts of the country.

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UNHCR staff met each family upon return © UNHCR Ensuring protection and and provided cash grants for transportation solutions for IDPs and reintegration, as well as essential UNHCR continued addressing the needs of household items. These efforts augmented In the Philippines, the siege of Marawi IDPs in Afghanistan. In‑kind and cash‑based the work of the Government of Sri Lanka on and subsequent internal displacement of assistance was more effective in meeting ensuring refugees’ sustainable return. The an estimated 400,000 people changed urgent medical expenses and covering Office also carried out protection monitoring UNHCR’s operational context in Mindanao. the cost of legal aid while promoting in areas of return to support the safety and In 2017, the Office stepped up its protection self‑reliance. UNHCR, in coordination presence in support of IDPs there, by protection of returning refugees. One of the stalls at the refugee fair in Beldangi refugee camp in Damak, south-east Nepal, with other humanitarian actors, led the reinforcing information management and In Nepal, the large-scale Bhutanese celebrating the shared bonds between local emergency shelter and non‑food items monitoring and catalyzing the support of Over residents and Bhutanese refugees. 112,000 resettlement programme, which was cluster. It also assisted families newly development actors. Bhutanese launched in 2007, drew to a close, with displaced by conflict. refugees in Nepal more than 112,000 refugees resettled in Refugee families able to create an were resettled third countries as of end of 2017. economic identity in Nepal © UNHCR/Andy Hall © UNHCR/Andy in third countries © UNHCR/Toyo Shinnosuke since 2007. UNHCR successfully negotiated with the A population of around 7,000 refugees leading commercial bank in the country, remains in Nepal, approximately 900 of Nepal Investment Bank Limited, to open bank whom have already been processed for accounts for refugees with reduced fees and special terms and conditions. More than resettlement and are expected to depart by 2,500 refugee families opened bank accounts mid‑2018. in 2017, benefitting from reduced wire transaction fees for remittances and the In the region, UNHCR is pursuing alternative ability to create an economic identity in Nepal. pathways for refugees. For instance, it is Refugees will be able to use the banking system for loans, credit, and savings, just like supporting the life‑changing scholarship UNHCR Goodwill Ambassador Kristin Davis visits UNHCR Goodwill Ambassadors Yusra Mardini anyone else. programmes sponsored by the Government Kutupalong refugee camp. and Miyavi doing a Facebook Live. of Japan, which started in 2017, to enable Syrian refugees to pursue post‑graduate Goodwill Ambassadors join hands in support of refugees education. Goodwill Ambassador and actress Kristin Davis’ mission to Bangladesh raised awareness and funds for UNHCR’s emergency response to the Rohingya crisis, both through traditional media and social media channels. Elsewhere, Syrian Olympic swimmer Yusra Mardini visited Japan, where she spoke to media and took part in a Facebook Live discussion with Japanese musician and fellow Goodwill Ambassador, Miyavi. Together, they brought the work of UNHCR to their supporters’ attention.

Global partner UNIQLO provides multi-faceted support to refugees The Japanese global apparel retailer UNIQLO is one of UNHCR’s longest serving supporters. In 2017, UNIQLO provided $1.8 million as part of its continuous investment in UNHCR’s livelihoods programme across India, the In Myanmar, UNHCR worked with partners as part of an inter-agency response, and Islamic Republic of Iran, Malaysia, Nepal and Pakistan. In addition to this financial support, UNHCR acknowledged and the Government to protect and assist as the lead of the protection, shelter and in-kind donations of more than 5 million items of clothing donated by UNIQLO to 47 UNHCR operations worldwide, approximately 100,000 IDPs in Kachin and camp coordination and camp management bringing the total received to more than 20 million pieces. UNIQLO’s partnership with UNHCR also includes a the northern Shan States, and 130,000 IDPs clusters. deployment programme, through which two UNIQLO employees spent five months in UNHCR India. The company has also started employing refugees in its retail shops in France, Germany and Japan, providing in central Rakhine State. The Office did so training for them, including language classes in Japan, and opening doors to further employment opportunities in the company. UNIQLO plans to scale up this employment and training scheme to benefit more refugees in the future.

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Reducing and preventing region to ensure people of concern had a FINANCIAL INFORMATION statelessness and protecting nationality and legal status, and to reduce stateless persons statelessness. In June 2017, Uzbekistan issued Budget a decree outlining procedures for granting • ExCom revised budget: $544.9 million. UNHCR made key achievements in the political asylum. region to prevent and reduce statelessness, • Final budget: $598.6 million. building on the progress made by the In Myanmar, given the violence that broke out 30,000 region’s States in previous years. The in the northern part of Rakhine State in late • Budget increase: $53.7 million / +9.8% due mainly to additional requirements for stateless Government of Thailand provided Thai August 2017, UNHCR was unable to make the emergency situation in Bangladesh. persons were nationality to just under 30,000 stateless significant progress in addressing the issue of provided with statelessness among the Rohingya population. Thai nationality persons between 2012 and 2017. between 2012 UNHCR encouraged the Government of Expenditure and 2017 by the In 2017, more than 6,000 people had their Myanmar to tackle statelessness and address Thai Government. nationality conferred through an ongoing As % of As % of global its root causes, in line with the Rakhine Advisory SOURCE OF EXPENDITURE USD | thousands expenditure expenditure by tripartite registration exercise conducted Commission’s recommendations. within the region source of funding by UNHCR and the Governments of Earmarked 16,893 5.8% 6% Indonesia and the Philippines. In Central Carry-over from prior years CONSTRAINTS Unearmarked - - - Asia, 16,000 people had their statelessness Earmarked 151,003 52.1% 7% Limited humanitarian access impeded UNHCR’s situation resolved, bringing the total number Softly earmarked 80,527 27.8% 12% Voluntary contributions of people who found a solution to 36,000 work in Afghanistan and Myanmar. The safety Unearmarked 38,904 13.4% 10% between 2014 and 2017. The naturalization of humanitarian workers was of grave concern, In-kind 1,818 0.6% 6% of 1,690 stateless persons by Turkmenistan particularly for national staff. Programme support costs - - - - in 2017 and a similar initiative in Uzbekistan, Other income - 473 0.2% 0% Despite the generosity and good practices which led to the naturalization of 930 people observed in the region, only 20 of the TOTAL 289,619 100% 7% between 2016 and 2017, are further positive 45 countries and territories in the Asia examples from the region. and the Pacific region had acceded to the • Funding gap: 52%. Across the region, States made many 1951 Convention relating to the Status of encouraging changes to refugee and Refugees and its 1967 Protocol, posing • High concentration of tightly earmarked funding: 58% of regional expenditure. challenges in term of legal framework to anchor citizenship laws. UNHCR worked with • Shrinking financial resources hampered UNHCR’s ability to carry out comprehensive countries in Central Asia and across the protection and solutions for UNHCR’s people protection and response, and to find solutions for different populations of concern. of concern. • Regarding protracted situations, UNHCR’s ability to deliver key assistance was hampered EXPENDITURE IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC 2013-2017 | USD due to untimely funding and, when received, heavily earmarked donations.

2017 EXPENDITURE IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC | USD EXPENDITURE IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC | USD $290 million $  million

PILLAR $ . million | % PILLAR  $. million | % PILLAR  $ . million | .% OF GLOBAL PILLAR  EXPENDITURE

7%

$. million | .%

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BUDGET AND EXPENDITURE IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC | USD BUDGET AND EXPENDITURE IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC | USD

PILLAR 1 PILLAR 2 PILLAR 3 PILLAR 4 PILLAR 1 PILLAR 2 PILLAR 3 PILLAR 4 Refugee Stateless Reintegration IDP Refugee Stateless Reintegration IDP OPERATION TOTAL OPERATION TOTAL programme programme projects projects programme programme projects projects

SOUTH-WEST ASIA EAST ASIA AND THE PACIFIC Afghanistan Budget 79,923,684 - 39,774,421 17,928,784 137,626,889 Australia Regional Office2 Budget 2,995,884 5,000 - - 3,000,884 Expenditure 42,601,493 - 10,394,926 17,010,279 70,006,698 Expenditure 2,369,665 4,614 - - 2,374,279 Islamic Republic of Iran Budget 97,246,544 - - - 97,246,544 China Budget 2,939,472 255,614 - - 3,195,086 Expenditure 35,123,148 - - - 35,123,148 Expenditure 2,274,940 218,459 - - 2,493,399 Pakistan Budget 63,732,140 235,000 59,048,254 4,057,808 127,073,202 Japan Budget 3,396,541 64,927 - - 3,461,469 Expenditure 34,237,355 139,759 17,491,276 1,347,602 53,215,991 Expenditure 2,968,214 60,672 - - 3,028,886 Republic of Korea Budget 1,610,187 109,813 - - 1,720,000 SUBTOTAL Budget 240,902,368 235,000 98,822,675 21,986,592 361,946,635 Expenditure 1,399,418 103,421 - - 1,502,840 Expenditure 111,961,995 139,759 27,886,202 18,357,881 158,345,837 Regional activities Budget 1,453,413 0 - - 1,453,413 Expenditure 184,563 0 - - 184,563 CENTRAL ASIA Kazakhstan Regional Office Budget 4,258,921 1,308,364 - - 5,567,284 SUBTOTAL Budget 12,395,498 435,354 - - 12,830,852 Expenditure 1,967,195 932,373 - - 2,899,568 Expenditure 9,196,801 387,166 - - 9,583,967 Kyrgyzstan Budget 681,910 356,279 - - 1,038,189 TOTAL Budget 437,673,832 14,869,983 98,822,675 47,265,341 598,631,831 Expenditure 520,526 345,743 - - 866,269 Expenditure 222,612,842 8,763,016 27,886,202 30,356,593 289,618,654 Tajikistan Budget 1,577,403 770,329 - - 2,347,732 Expenditure 1,076,043 644,062 - - 1,720,105 1 Thailand Regional office covers Mongolia and Viet Nam. 2 Australia Regional office covers New Zealand, Pacific Islands and Papua New Guinea. SUBTOTAL Budget 6,518,234 2,434,971 - - 8,953,206 Expenditure 3,563,764 1,922,178 - - 5,485,943

SOUTH ASIA India Budget 15,124,166 106,270 - - 15,230,436 Expenditure 6,577,829 105,570 - - 6,683,399 Nepal Budget 7,229,512 680,619 - - 7,910,131 Expenditure 6,320,162 636,626 - - 6,956,788 Sri Lanka Budget 5,559,272 60,166 - - 5,619,439 Expenditure 3,294,468 17,708 - - 3,312,175

SUBTOTAL Budget 27,912,951 847,055 - - 28,760,006 Expenditure 16,192,458 759,903 - - 16,952,362

SOUTH-EAST ASIA Bangladesh Budget 67,581,999 14,216 - - 67,596,216 Expenditure 49,605,720 1,055 - - 49,606,775 Indonesia Budget 7,173,894 26,500 - - 7,200,394 Expenditure 4,336,050 1,327 - - 4,337,377 Malaysia Budget 18,008,274 517,314 - - 18,525,588 Expenditure 7,725,662 342,135 - - 8,067,797 Myanmar Budget 17,782,489 7,704,243 - 23,675,468 49,162,200 Expenditure 3,829,238 3,171,029 - 10,536,901 17,537,167 Philippines Budget 713,572 762,240 - 1,603,281 3,079,094 Expenditure 653,346 676,078 - 1,461,812 2,791,236 Thailand Budget 32,074,574 1,174,516 - - 33,249,090 Expenditure 12,305,242 937,666 - - 13,242,908 Thailand Regional Office1 Budget 6,609,980 718,572 - - 7,328,552 Expenditure 3,242,566 424,720 - - 3,667,287

SUBTOTAL Budget 149,944,782 10,917,602 - 25,278,749 186,141,132 Expenditure 81,697,824 5,554,010 - 11,998,713 99,250,547

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VOLUNTARY CONTRIBUTIONS TO ASIA AND THE PACIFIC | USD VOLUNTARY CONTRIBUTIONS TO ASIA AND THE PACIFIC | USD

PILLAR 1 PILLAR 2 PILLAR 3 PILLAR 4 PILLAR 1 PILLAR 2 PILLAR 3 PILLAR 4 Refugee Stateless Reintegration IDP Refugee Stateless Reintegration IDP DONOR ALL PILLARS TOTAL DONOR ALL PILLARS TOTAL programme programme projects projects programme programme projects projects

United States of America 24,100,000 104,700,000 128,800,000 Kazakhstan 111,963 111,963 European Union 18,620,468 65,561 3,398,593 1,189,288 307,172 23,581,081 Russian Federation 100,000 100,000 Japan 11,437,893 392,901 2,140,000 3,417,725 17,388,519 Kyrgyzstan 60,256 60,256 Germany 10,922,046 5,051,532 1,085,776 17,059,354 Estonia 58,962 58,962 Denmark 7,211,576 3,665,639 10,877,215 Private Donors in Senegal 53,130 53,130 Australia 6,389,964 3,190,494 9,580,458 Private Donors in the Republic of Korea 51,099 51,099 Central Emergency Response Fund (1) 3,427,491 853,111 2,449,989 1,393,356 8,123,947 Private Donors in Switzerland 50,000 50,000 Sweden 6,305,613 6,305,613 Mexico 50,000 50,000 United Nations Office for Project Services 5,941,187 5,941,187 Private Donors in Portugal 46,458 46,458 Canada 721,732 4,869,888 5,591,621 Slovenia 35,377 35,377 Private Donors in Qatar 5,014,995 500,000 5,514,995 Private Donors in France 27,995 27,995 Private Donors in Japan 4,560,802 271,995 149,009 4,981,806 Sri Lanka 25,000 25,000 Norway 2,457,578 1,755,413 4,212,990 Lithuania 23,229 23,229 Private Donors in Thailand 4,003,456 19,664 4,023,120 Private Donors in the Philippines 9,221 9,221 Private Donors in Spain 3,286,952 3,286,952 Private Donors in Ghana 2,968 2,968 Switzerland 2,022,639 986,193 3,008,832 Private Donors in the Islamic Republic of Iran 2,745 2,745 Republic of Korea 3,000,000 3,000,000 Private Donors in India 2,556 2,556 Private Donors in Australia 2,891,639 2,891,639 Spain 1,623 1,623 Private Donors in the Netherlands 2,884,063 2,884,063 Private Donors in Ireland 303 303 Private Donors Worldwide 2,567,670 2,567,670 TOTAL 129,164,916 1,311,573 14,454,335 8,128,997 134,842,753 287,902,574 United Kingdom 1,978,892 1,978,892 Private Donors in Germany 1,428,167 1,428,167 Note: Contributions include 7 per cent programme support costs, and exclude $2.76 million for implementation in 2018. 1 The amount includes $631,000 for refund due to changes of needs in the field. Private Donors in the United States of America 1,195,394 202,400 1,397,794 Italy 1,104,746 198,572 1,303,318 France 300,000 950,000 1,250,000 Austria 1,161,440 1,161,440 Private Donors in Egypt 56,632 1,000,000 1,056,632 China 1,017,942 1,017,942 Private Donors in Singapore 913,737 100,000 1,013,737 United Nations Department of Economic and 1,011,091 1,011,091 Social Affairs United Arab Emirates 946,800 946,800 Private Donors in Canada 598,309 598,309 Luxembourg 523,013 523,013 Private Donors in China 252,992 201,104 454,096 Private Donors in the United Arab Emirates 404,525 48,410 452,935 OPEC Fund for international Development 400,000 400,000 Private Donors in Sweden 377,759 377,759 Private Donors in Oman 300,000 300,000 Czechia 229,885 229,885 Private Donors in Italy 188,904 12,205 201,109 Private Donors in the United Kingdom 195,710 195,710 Iceland 140,000 140,000 United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS 130,000 130,000

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FOREWORD In the aftermath of the 2015-2016 European refugee crisis, 2017 was a year of transition and relative stability. There were challenges to collectively tackle and opportunities to Europe build on. Unresolved conflicts in the region and ongoing violence in other parts of the world fuelled large-scale and protracted displacement. Four years after the conflict in eastern Ukraine began, for example, the humanitarian crisis continued unabated, with repeated security incidents at the contact line.

Dire humanitarian situations drove some refugees to seek safety outside their immediate area. With mounting restrictions on access to territory and to international protection, difficult integration possibilities, a limited number of safe pathways and often lengthy processes required to access them, many fleeing persecution around the world were left with few choices, including those trying to reunite with family members in Europe.

Refugees and migrants continued to undertake dangerous journeys, with a significant number known to have died or gone missing while crossing the Mediterranean Sea in 2017. While this situation remained a concern, the overall number of refugee and migrant arrivals in Europe fell by 53 per cent compared to 2016 figures. This was mainly the result of fewer people travelling from Turkey to Greece and from North Africa to Italy, although arrivals into Spain increased.

In 2017, the number of asylum applications lodged in Europe also fell by 49 per cent, though 625,000 new applications were lodged in 38 European countries, mainly originating from the Syrian Arab Republic (Syria). © UNHCR/Christian Mang © UNHCR/Christian

Ahmed, 37, a refugee from Somalia, in his uniform at the fire station in the town of Fürstenwalde, eastern Germany, where he has recently joined as a volunteer.

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REGIONAL SUMMARIES | EUROPE REGIONAL SUMMARIES | EUROPE

Turkey continued to host the largest number While conditions for people of concern in of refugees worldwide and, throughout Europe did not always meet international and SPAIN ITALY GREECE UKRAINE Europe, host communities showed great EU standards, substantial support from the SITUATION commitment to engaging with, and European Union and national governments 22,100 119,400 29,700 ARRIVALS ARRIVALS ARRIVALS supporting, refugees. New partnerships 495,900 meant reception and asylum processing via the Mediterranean via the Mediterranean via the Mediterranean UKRAINIANS emerged with States, municipalities, capacities were strengthened in some Sea Sea Sea sought asylum mainly in the Russian Federation EU institutions, NGOs, volunteers, private European countries, many of which were the 6,300 15,800 21,700 and in EU countries ARRIVALS sector actors and academic institutions. UNACCOMPANIED ASYLUM-SEEKERS first point of entry for people of concern. came to Spain by land AND SEPARATED were relocated 1.8 million CHILDREN to other EU countries IDPs by year’s end The range of expertise and services each ARRIVALS by sea The negative narrative and political crossed the sea by year’s end partner brought provided a more holistic increased three-fold instrumentalization of migration and refugee compared to 2016 1.4 million support network to refugees, better meeting 11,400 UKRAINIANS topics by some continued to have divisive ASYLUM-SEEKERS applied for other forms their needs and creating an environment were relocated of legal stay mainly in consequences and long-term negative to other EU countries the Russian Federation, in which many refugees felt more able to by year’s end Belarus and Poland effects on refugees and host communities participate in, and contribute to, the societies alike. Such a portrayal of refugees inevitably hosting them. fuelled fear and discrimination and had a In 2017, UNHCR poured its energy into significant impact on social inclusion and the outreach programmes. A regional refugee provision of holistic integration support. coalition was established by UNHCR and Nevertheless, Europe continued to its partners, giving refugees a greater demonstrate a strong commitment to say in how their protection needs should its international responsibilities toward UKRAINE be met. The coalition brought together refugees, providing financial support to representatives from refugee communities host countries and offering resettlement across Europe and gave them a platform opportunities and other complementary from which to share their opinions, make pathways to people of concern. In this ITALY their needs known and ensure their SPAIN regard, UNHCR called for continued efforts GREECE resources were taken into account when TURKEY officials were drafting policies and making to strengthen Europe’s leadership on TURKEY humanitarian issues and contributions to decisions that directly affected them. The CENTRAL 3.4 million coalition also aimed to promote concrete global solidarity. MEDITERRANEAN SYRIANS ROUTE were hosted in Turkey actions to strengthen refugees’ rights and Pascale Moreau enhance their integration in host countries. Director of UNHCR’s Regional Bureau for Europe 346,800 REFUGEES CENTRAL and asylum-seekers of other nationalities MEDITERRANEAN sought protection in Turkey ROUTE TURKEY 172,300 hosts the world’s largest 11 MILLION REFUGEES AND number of refugees PEOPLE OF CONCERN IN EUROPE 194 PARTNERS IN EUROPE MIGRANTS arrived in Europe via Europe AGE AND GENDER BREAKDOWN the Mediterranean Sea 146 NATIONAL NGO PARTNERS million REFUGEES AND ASYLUM-SEEKERS 23 INTERNATIONAL NGO PARTNERS 18% Europe ARRIVALS AGE AND GENDER BREAKDOWN 24 GOVERNMENT PARTNERS were children, REFUGEES REFUGEES AND ASYLUM-SEEKERS REFUGEES 1 UN AGENCIES/OTHER PARTNERS and over half were 6.1 MILLION . million | % | 55% unaccompanied ASLYLUM-SEEKERSASYLUM-SEEKERS 1.3 million. | 12%million | % 3,100 15% REFUGEES AND STATELESSSTATELESS PERSONS OF THE GLOBAL SITUATIONS POPULATION OF , | % MIGRANTS CONCERN 552,000 | 5% STAFF IN EUROPE 2,348 died crossing the RETURNEES (refugees & IDPs) RETURNEES (Refugees and IDPs) Mediterranean Sea < 1.5 million  600 People of concern IDPs % IDPs  million | % 42% 58 FEMALE MALE

OTHERS OF CONCERN 3 MILLION | 27% , | % > 3 million % OTHERS OF CONCERN 30 People of concern 77,000 | 1% 1%% 76 BASED IN LOCATIONS HARDSHIP LOCATIONS

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CRRF COUNTRY

Situation REGIONAL SUMMARIES | EUROPE REGIONAL SUMMARIES | EUROPE

MAJOR SITUATIONS just over half were unaccompanied and supported the Greek Asylum Service resulting in the closure of 15 refugee separated from their families. In Italy, nearly with a pre-registration exercise to ensure camps. However, with living conditions Europe refugee situation 15,800 unaccompanied and separated people of concern had the opportunity to remaining dire on the islands, especially children made the dangerous journey pursue available legal options. As Greek on Chios, Lesvos and Samos, UNHCR In 2017, approximately 172,300 refugees across the sea, representing 13 per cent authorities progressively increased their strongly advocated for the transfer of and migrants arrived in Europe via the of all arrivals to Italy (see the chapter on role in registering people of concern, which asylum‑seekers and refugees to the Mediterranean Sea, including 119,400 to Safeguarding fundamental rights). In July included a larger presence at identification mainland. More positively, accommodation Italy, 29,700 to Greece and 22,100 to Spain. 2017, UNHCR launched a supplementary centres in the Aegean Islands, UNHCR and cash‑based intervention (CBI) schemes An additional 6,300 came to Spain by land appeal for the central Mediterranean route reduced its operational engagement. In supported a meaningful transition to via the enclaves of Melilla and Ceuta. The seeking $421 million for the year. 2017, the number of people residing in self‑reliance for people of concern. overall number of arrivals decreased by mainland sites fell from 20,000 to 12,500, 53 per cent compared to 2016, primarily due The EU’s emergency relocation mechanism, to a reduction in the arrivals from Turkey to a scheme started in 2015 to relocate Greece (83 per cent) and from North Africa 160,000 people from Italy and Greece © UNHCR to Italy (34 per cent). Arrivals in Spain by sea within two years, expired in September Greek islanders open their hearts increased almost three-fold compared to 2017. More than 33,100 asylum-seekers had and businesses to refugees in “Dreamland” 2016 and by land up to 5 per cent. been relocated from Greece (21,700) and The tiny Greek island of Tilos has a population of fewer than Italy (11,400) as of December 2017. Although 800 people. In 2017, it became an example to the world after More than 3,100 refugees and migrants the relocation scheme only partially met its residents welcomed 10 families from Syria. “Since I moved to Tilos are known to have died or been lost at I have been calling it the land of dreams or ‘Dreamland’,” objectives, it proved crucial in easing the says Kusai Al-Damad, who fled Syria and now works in sea making the dangerous Mediterranean humanitarian situation in Greece, relieving a bakery on the picturesque island. Sea crossing. Some 18 per cent of the total some pressure on Italy, and improving the Residents on Tilos have opened their arrivals by sea in Europe were children, and lives of many seeking protection. hearts and businesses to refugees.

© UNHCR/Andy Hall © UNHCR/Andy Turkey continued to host the world’s Turkish Coast Guard, Gendarmerie, and Goodwill Ambassador support to refugees in Europe largest number of refugees under the Directorate General for Migration 13,700 UNHCR’s mandate, with 3.4 million Management on the identification and refugees were UNHCR’s high profile supporters have demonstrated a commitment provided with to UNHCR’s work by using their influence, dedication and hard work Syrians and 346,800 refugees and referral of the most vulnerable individuals skills building, to raise funds, awareness and advocate for refugees. In December asylum-seekers of various nationalities. and asylum procedures. To build refugee vocational and 2017, actor Theo James travelled to Strasbourg, France, to be reunited Turkish language with Housam, a refugee he had met previously in Lakadikia, Greece. By the end of 2017, some 212,000 people self-reliance and ease their inclusion into training. Housam was relocated to Europe as part of the EU’s emergency of concern from countries other than the labour market, UNHCR helped provide relocation scheme, which aims to share responsibility for the Iraq and Syria (18,800 refugees and more than 13,700 refugees with skills, refugee crisis. 193,000 asylum‑seekers) were registered vocational and Turkish language training UNHCR high profile supporter Theo with UNHCR, with some 82,000 people in 2017. More than 1,100 students were James is reunited with Syrian refugee Housam. newly registered in 2017. UNHCR and the provided with full university scholarships Ministry of Interior Directorate General and over 6,000 students participated in a of Migration Management launched a higher education preparation programme In Italy, UNHCR strengthened its authorities to identify and refer people with joint registration process in July 2017, that will enable them to meet language operational response through community- specific needs to appropriate services and eventually registering 8,700 people. proficiency requirements for admission to based protection interventions, protection supports. The Office also increased its support to Turkish universities. UNHCR also helped case management focusing on protecting national service providers, particularly link up 875 refugees with the private sector Although arrivals in Greece decreased, unaccompanied and separated children, the Ministry of Family and Social Policies, to support their path to employment. there remained significant challenges and initiatives designed to prevent and assisting 59 social service centres with Around 1,270 people of concern received respond to sexual and gender-based regarding reception and registration social workers, interpreters, drivers, and entrepreneurship and business training, violence (SGBV). The Office also monitored capacity. In response, UNHCR and others. UNHCR provided technical and and 90 others were helped to legalize their reception conditions, and worked with the European Asylum Support Office capacity development support to the businesses.

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In Central and South-Eastern Europe, following the development of laws, the more arrivals were recorded in Albania, implementation of findings from training, Innovative practices in conveying protection-related information Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro border monitoring and persistent advocacy. In 2017, UNHCR piloted a regional border monitoring system, comprising two adaptable and Romania. In Central Europe, where questionnaires, to collect information, via tablet or smartphone, from people of concern and secondary sources In Eastern Europe, unresolved situations of information. The information related to four key areas: access to territory, access to asylum, access to anti-foreigner sentiment continued to and resulting displacement remained a information on asylum, and protection incidents at the border. The system allows UNHCR to use the indicators to grow, UNHCR engaged with authorities, monitor trends and create common data that can be compared between operations. concern. UNHCR worked with relevant media and civil society to defend the governments to protect the rights of IDPs, In Serbia, UNHCR partnered with the organization IDEAS to support the Ministry of Labour, Employment, Veteran right to seek asylum, ensure appropriate and Social Affairs in developing a professional guardianship model within the existing system of social protection. including their right to return to their places reception conditions, access to fair and Together, UNHCR and local authorities developed a training curriculum with terms of reference and manuals of origin in safety and dignity. for guardians and cultural mediators. These cultural mediators will be instrumental in identifying and conveying quality procedures, and support for protection-related information to people of concern. integration, including access to health Ukraine situation UNHCR, in partnership with the NGO, Independent Diplomat, created the Refugee Coalition for Europe, which care and education. UNHCR also worked brings together refugee representatives living in different European countries to ensure their opinions, capacities to strengthen asylum systems and build In 2017, there remained and needs are taken into account in decisions and policies impacting their lives. national capacities in the context of mixed nearly 1.8 million IDPs in movements. In addition, UNHCR focused Ukraine, while more than on ensuring the identification and referral of 495,900 people have vulnerable people, such as unaccompanied sought asylum, mainly in Although several European countries ACHIEVEMENTS AND Overcrowding and separated children, survivors of SGBV the Russian Federation IMPACT made significant progress in strengthening and lack of and women at risk. UNHCR also worked (427,200), but also in the reception capacities in 2017, conditions capacity to Safeguarding asylum space and identify and with governments, the European Union, the European Union. At least were not universally at international providing appropriate reception refer people OSCE and partner organizations to prevent 1.4 million Ukrainians continued to reside and EU standards. Overcrowding and with specific conditions needs remained statelessness by addressing, in particular, primarily in the Russian Federation, as well lack of capacity to identify and refer challenges in obstacles in the area of civil registration. as in Belarus and Poland, by applying for Despite physical, legal and administrative people with specific needs remained some European countries other forms of legal stay. In 2017, UNHCR restrictions, people in need of international challenges. The situation was particularly In Northern and Western Europe, UNHCR particularly on continued to advocate a long‑term strategy protection continued to seek safety in worrying on the Aegean islands, where the Aegean focused on ensuring access to territory islands. focusing on solutions for IDPs, including Europe in 2017. Given repeated push-backs thousands of refugees continued to live and asylum procedures, with a particular their access to full pension rights, social at borders as well as increasing restrictions in inadequate reception facilities and focus on child asylum claims, facilitating benefits and social housing. Providing on access to asylum, UNHCR advocated identification centres, facing risks related integration, and preventing and ending lifesaving humanitarian assistance in the directly with governments and the to SGBV, hygiene, health and security. In statelessness. In the Baltic States, asylum vicinity of the active contact line and European Union, as well as through Italy, the increase in asylum applications frameworks, procedures, practice and non‑government controlled areas remained strategic judicial interventions, to ensure overstretched processing and reception reception arrangements improved a UNHCR priority. international standards were upheld. capacities. In response, UNHCR increased These advocacy efforts had some success. its support for the asylum system, as well Asylum systems in key countries such as for people with specific needs, such as Greece and Italy were strengthened, as survivors of SGBV, arbitrary detention, and UNHCR supported significant EU severe physical maltreatment and torture, bilateral and national investments. Across as well as for people with disabilities, who Europe, the Office promoted compliance were identified in alarmingly high numbers with internationally-accepted asylum among the arrivals. standards. UNHCR also worked with States on solutions while simultaneously looking to address drivers of onward movement using an evidence‑based and participatory approach.

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activities were improved through various Securing durable solutions

© UNHCR/Yorgos Kyvernitis innovative projects. For example, in Italy, In line with the spirit of the New York cultural mediators informed children about Cash empowers refugees and stimulates Declaration for Refugees and Migrants, asylum systems and available services, while local economies which calls for better responsibility‑sharing in Serbia a professional guardianship system In 2017, through the Greece Cash Alliance, UNHCR provided cash on a global scale, UNHCR continued to assistance to almost 40,000 people of concern in Greece; 85 per cent of was established to support unaccompanied advocate in 2017 for predictable and those reached by the scheme were Afghan, Iranian, Iraqi, Palestinian or children. Syrian. Cash assistance restored dignity and empowered beneficiaries credible pathways for admission to to choose how to meet basic needs including food, transport, Recognizing the pivotal role communities Europe. In 2017, 25 European countries communication, school materials and medicine, as well play in protection, UNHCR strengthened its resettled approximately 26,400 refugees, 400 IDP as clothing and hygiene products. CBIs also helped host community‑based protection approach for up from the 17,100 resettled by 23 States communities in communities by stimulating local economies. Ukraine were As UNHCR rolls out its cash assistance IDPs, refugees and other people of concern in 2016. UNHCR provided comments to mobilized to programme across Greece, a Syrian In Turkey, 480,000 people of concern received cash for find solutions winter support both in camps and urban areas. Another family visit a local shop to buy groceries in Ukraine. In collaboration with partners, the European Commission’s proposal with the card they have received. to issues 14,200 households received cash assistance for basic needs, more than 400 IDP communities throughout for a Union Resettlement Framework, themselves livelihoods, protection and education needs. Due to limited the country, including in non‑government advocating a framework responsive to or together with host funding, UNHCR’s regular cash assistance covered less than one per cent of refugees and controlled areas, were mobilized to find asylum-seekers from countries other than Syria. global resettlement needs, reflective communities. solutions to issues themselves or together of resettlement as a durable solution, In South-Eastern Europe, over 2,000 people benefited from CBIs, of whom 1,200 were refugees and asylum-seekers, more than 500 were IDPs, and nearly 300 were returnees to Serbia and Kosovo (Security with host communities and local authorities. and representing a tool for protection Council Resolution 1244 (1999)), who received assistance as part of an exceptional return package. The purpose UNHCR also tapped into, and enhanced, and international responsibility-sharing. of this unconditional cash grant to each of these respective groups was to alleviate immediate protection risks local resources by actively supporting and UNHCR also participated in negotiations and assist the most vulnerable with essential needs. building communities’ advocacy capacity. on the development of standard In Ukraine, an agreement with the national postal service allowed the distribution of cash by making use of UNHCR facilitated peer-to-peer support operating procedures for the European pre-existing systems for the payment of social benefits. Winter cash assistance to purchase primarily heating fuel was between communities, where 150 IDPs provided to more than 840 people of concern in the last quarter of the year when additional funds became available. Union’s voluntary humanitarian admission exchanged best practices on working with scheme from Turkey. These procedures the private sector and local authorities. were endorsed in December 2017. Small‑scale grants strengthened the tools Building and maintaining UNHCR recommended the reformed and capacity of existing communities. For fair and efficient asylum Common European Asylum System instance, advocacy training was conducted and protection systems include an intra-EU solidarity mechanism for groups with specific profiles and shared entailing the relocation of asylum-seekers. At EU‑level, work advanced on the interests, such as those living with disabilities The proposal also advocated the use of reform of the Common European Asylum or in collective accommodation centres. accelerated and simplified procedures for System. However, discussions among

manifestly well‑founded as well as patently Galán Ruiz© UNHCR/Bruno decision‑makers proved to be particularly unfounded claims, ensuring rapid and more challenging on the establishment of an Family displaced three times plants efficient access to protection for those with intra‑EU solidarity mechanism to support EU new roots in Portugal the former and facilitating the return to their Member States under pressure, as well as Duret and his family finally found peace in Portugal, far from the country of origin of those with the latter. on measures to manage mixed flows. On the violence and persecution that haunted their previous lives. At a ceramics factory in the small town of Batalha, Duret is loading latter, deliberations focused on modalities Child protection and SGBV continued to plates and bowls onto a conveyor belt, ready for the kiln. aimed at providing international protection be a priority areas for intervention in 2017. “When we came here, we didn’t even know how to say ‘Hello’, outside the European Union. These UNHCR’s 2017 policy document “The we didn’t know anything,” says Duret, straining to make his modalities included the proposed mandatory way forward to strengthened policies and The family stand outside their new home voice heard over the steady hum of machines. “But once we use of admissibility procedures, including on practices for unaccompanied and separated in Batalha, Portugal. learnt a bit of Portuguese, we found there was no difference between us and our colleagues. We all work together.” the basis of the safe third country concept. children in Europe” outlined the specific risks On the basis of UNHCR’s December 2016 faced by unaccompanied and separated “Better protecting refugees” proposals to children. Through a consultative process, EU institutions and Member States on the strategic partnerships, and community future of EU asylum and migration policies, outreach, SGBV prevention and response

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UNHCR continued its partnership with IOM in Eastern Europe, in the South Caucasus, Another positive development in 2017 cultural experience, locals and refugees and the International Catholic Migration towards the integration of IDPs and saw Albania adopt a law on the rights of were brought together, helping foster a Commission under the auspices of the refugees by facilitating durable housing the child, giving due consideration to the sense of community. EU-funded European Resettlement solutions and strengthening social inclusion. protection of stateless children and the right Together with UNDP, UNHCR co‑chaired Network. Through this network, UNHCR and to nationality at birth. the Issue‑based Coalition on Large its partners helped develop complementary Preventing and resolving Movements of People, Displacement and pathways of admission to the European statelessness Strengthening external Resilience, and facilitated the adoption of Union, including community‑based relations in the region There remain an estimated half a million common advocacy messages among the sponsorship, humanitarian admission stateless persons in Europe. Thanks to UNHCR strengthened partnerships with Coalition’s members. programmes and student scholarship schemes ongoing efforts in reducing statelessness, United Nations agencies, NGOs, and the (see the chapter on Building better futures). In Ukraine, UNHCR led the protection and about 10,000 stateless persons acquired private sector in order to improve joint shelter clusters within the inter‑agency Despite the right to family reunification nationality in 2017 in Belarus, the Republic advocacy efforts, mobilize support and framework for IDPs and maintained under the EU Family Reunification of Moldova, the Russian Federation and ensure effective use of resources. The close partnerships with the ICRC, OSCE Ukraine alone. However, due to inadequate Office continued to develop tools, such as Directive as well as in national legislation, and NGOs in both government and legal safeguards, risks of statelessness data portals, to improve information‑sharing beneficiaries of international protection non‑government controlled areas. continued to face serious obstacles in persisted in most European States. with partners, thereby helping ensure a exercising this right. UNHCR advocated Twenty years after the dissolution of more effective and joined‑up response to In South‑Eastern Europe, UNHCR refugees’ right to family reunification as the former Yugoslavia and its related refugee situations. strengthened its traditional partnership displacement, some 8,500 people were with OSCE missions and the OSCE an additional safe pathway to Europe that An example of a creative, non‑traditional still at risk of statelessness because they Conflict Prevention Centre to secure reduces reliance on the use of smugglers. partnership was the Refugee Food Festival, lacked identity documents such as birth solutions for those populations displaced The Office also mapped family reunification held across 13 European cities in 2017. The certificates. by the conflicts in former Yugoslavia, and procedures across various European Festival was a partnership with the NGO through two regional processes commonly countries and, through its continued As part of UNHCR’s #IBelong campaign to Food Sweet Food, but the event also relied known as the “Sarajevo Process” and the partnership with the European Council end statelessness, which in 2017 focused on the support of citizens, local authorities “Skopje Process”. on Refugees and Exiles, organized a on stateless minorities, the European and private businesses. Through a positive consultation with legal practitioners on Network on Statelessness—a UNHCR judicial engagement concerning family partner—published a report on Roma reunification. statelessness in Eastern and South‑Eastern UNHCR focused on facilitating durable Europe highlighting discrimination Bourgois © UNHCR/Xavier Luxembourg as both a cause and consequence of The Green Refugee Camp: acceded to the solutions for people displaced by the 1961 Convention conflicts of the 1990s, especially in the statelessness. The report included a series a sustainable environment for refugees on the Reduction of recommendations for policy‑makers. and host communities of Statelessness, context of the “Sarajevo Process on bringing to 31 refugees and displaced persons” and In 2017, Luxembourg acceded to the The Dutch and Swedish Postcode Lotteries granted more than $5 million the number of its Regional Housing Programme. At the in unearmarked funding in 2017. The Dutch Postcode Lottery also European States 1961 Convention on the Reduction of contributed an additional $1.6 million to support the Green Refugee party to this strategic policy level, it also worked to Statelessness, bringing to 31 the number convention. Camp, an innovative project in Cameroon to create a sustainable build authorities’ capacity to assume full of European States that are a party to this environment for refugees and host communities. As part of this responsibility for durable solutions for convention. Luxembourg also amended its project, 40,000 trees will be planted to restore the local environment. A volunteer from the Lutheran World An estimated 25,000 people of concern will also benefit from work to affected groups. nationality law, strengthening safeguards Federation plants seeds in a nursery at Minawao refugee camp in Cameroon, improve the sustainability of shelters and to ensure cooking practices against statelessness at birth, and securing as part of the reforestation project, are more environmentally friendly. In Ukraine, UNHCR worked with relevant “Make Minawao Green Again”. pathways for the acquisition of nationality authorities on the effective implementation by stateless persons. of an IDP integration and durable solutions strategy, which was adopted in November 2017. There was significant progress made

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CONSTRAINTS Inadequate reception facilities exposed FINANCIAL INFORMATION asylum-seekers and refugees to serious While UNHCR called on European States to protection risks, homelessness, and limited Budget demonstrate more responsibility-sharing, as integration opportunities, contributing to • ExCom revised budget: $891.7 million. well as solidarity, direct access to protection an environment in which criminal networks in Europe continued to be restricted at its could thrive. With limited legal pathways • Final budget: $827.7 million. external borders. Despite the existence available to people seeking international • Budget decrease: $63.9 million / -7%. of a shared legal framework and common protection to enter Europe, many felt standards among EU Member States, dangerous journeys were their only option. the official treatment of refugees and Expenditure migrants varied widely throughout these Discriminatory rhetoric in media and politics increased, with legislators feeling pressured As % of As % of global countries and beyond. For instance, an SOURCE OF EXPENDITURE USD | thousands expenditure expenditure by increasing number of asylum-seekers were to pass ever more restrictive legislation. Too within the region source of funding denied refugee status based on national often, this limited access to territory and Earmarked 39,082 7.9% 14% national asylum systems increased the risk Carry-over from prior years security considerations. In Eastern Europe, Unearmarked - - - security concerns and economic hardship of direct or indirect refoulement. Earmarked 342,743 69.0% 16% Softly earmarked 53,743 10.8% 8% dominated asylum policy, while national Voluntary contributions Unearmarked 49,068 . % 12% asylum systems lacked the capacity to 9 9 In-kind 1,998 0.4% 6% ensure effective protection for the most Programme support costs - - - - vulnerable. Other income - 9,845 2.0% 8%

TOTAL 496,479 100% 12%

• Funding gap: 40%.

• High concentration of tightly earmarked funding: 75% of regional expenditure.

EXPENDITURE IN EUROPE 2013-2017 | USD • Overall expenditure increased from 52% in 2016 to 60% in 2017. • The operations with the highest expenditure were Greece ($217.7 million) and Turkey ($149.4 million), responding respectively to needs associated with the situations in the Mediterranean and the Syrian Arab Republic (Syria).

• The region’s funding shortfall limited UNHCR’s ability to deliver assistance and protection to people of concern, particularly for those displaced due to conflict in Syria.

2017 EXPENDITURE IN EUROPE | USD EXPENDITURE IN EUROPE | USD $496 million $  million PILLAR $ . million | % PILLAR  $. million | .% PILLAR  $. million | .% OF GLOBAL PILLAR  EXPENDITURE 12% $. million | %

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BUDGET AND EXPENDITURE IN EUROPE | USD VOLUNTARY CONTRIBUTIONS TO EUROPE | USD

PILLAR 1 PILLAR 2 PILLAR 3 PILLAR 4 PILLAR 1 PILLAR 2 PILLAR 3 PILLAR 4 Refugee Stateless Reintegration IDP Refugee Stateless Reintegration IDP OPERATION TOTAL DONOR ALL PILLARS TOTAL programme programme projects projects programme programme projects projects

EASTERN EUROPE European Union 246,101,464 4,385,424 250,486,888 Belarus Budget 1,329,804 47,815 - - 1,377,619 United States of America 74,000,000 52,300,000 126,300,000 Expenditure 1,318,504 46,934 - - 1,365,438 Germany 23,157,246 1,711,424 564,572 25,433,241 Georgia Regional Office1 Budget 11,604,704 786,756 - 4,324,911 16,716,372 Italy 10,329,748 175,390 10,505,138 Expenditure 6,605,535 482,150 - 2,955,280 10,042,965 Japan 5,378,175 325,950 5,704,125 United Nations Department of Political Affairs 4,123,557 4,123,557 Russian Federation Budget 5,283,435 642,847 - - 5,926,281 Republic of Korea 2,800,000 2,800,000 Expenditure 4,017,351 595,275 - - 4,612,626 Norway 1,543,612 1,185,958 2,729,570 Turkey Budget 367,988,985 2,790 - - 367,991,775 Spain 2,342,938 325,000 2,667,938 Expenditure 149,466,721 2,790 - - 149,469,511 Canada 1,886,792 743,494 2,630,287 Ukraine Budget 6,774,428 632,566 - 30,231,018 37,638,012 Private Donors in Germany 2,369,668 70,277 21,209 2,461,154 Expenditure 4,821,980 314,012 - 16,293,368 21,429,360 Denmark 2,388,535 2,388,535 SUBTOTAL Budget 392,981,355 2,112,774 - 34,555,929 429,650,058 France 2,265,676 2,265,676 Expenditure 166,230,090 1,441,161 - 19,248,648 186,919,900 Private Donors in Spain 1,163,295 1,163,295 Sweden 1,106,317 1,106,317 SOUTH-EASTERN EUROPE Private Donors in the United States of America 909,491 30 909,521 2 Bosnia and Herzegovina Regional Office Budget 36,436,016 3,274,512 3,812,592 17,684,996 61,208,117 United Kingdom 747,524 20,702 768,226 Expenditure 24,173,828 2,406,665 1,899,693 6,955,167 35,435,353 Private Donors in Japan 681,531 681,531 Private Donors in France 623,473 53,318 676,791 SUBTOTAL Budget 36,436,016 3,274,512 3,812,592 17,684,996 61,208,117 Russian Federation 200,000 350,000 550,000 Expenditure 24,173,828 2,406,665 1,899,693 6,955,167 35,435,353 Estonia 60,096 448,425 508,522 Austria 350,677 350,677 NORTHERN, WESTERN, CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN EUROPE Hungary 285,867 285,867 Belgium Regional Office3 Budget 17,413,681 1,039,462 - - 18,453,143 Council of Europe Development Bank 246,957 246,957 Expenditure 14,383,263 992,139 - - 15,375,402 Ireland 235,187 235,187 Greece Budget 245,838,409 27,856 - - 245,866,265 Romania 103,521 103,521 Expenditure 217,731,455 9,847 - - 217,741,301 Armenia 103,000 103,000 Hungary Regional Office4 Budget 16,247,223 591,103 774,243 - 17,612,569 Private Donors in the United Arab Emirates 100,000 100,000 Expenditure 10,955,093 544,095 679,460 - 12,178,648 International Organization for Migration 91,805 91,805 Italy Regional Office5 Budget 31,677,312 225,210 - - 31,902,522 Montenegro 82,745 82,745 Expenditure 19,669,277 192,493 - - 19,861,769 Private Donors in Greece 71,786 71,786 Sweden Regional Office6 Budget 4,029,803 646,315 - - 4,676,118 Poland 65,000 65,000 Expenditure 3,142,694 428,433 - - 3,571,128 Malta 53,318 53,318 Regional activities Budget 17,929,988 449,087 - - 18,379,074 Private Donors in the United Kingdom 38,429 38,429 Expenditure 5,090,051 305,242 - - 5,395,293 Czechia 38,100 38,100 SUBTOTAL Budget 333,136,416 2,979,033 774,243 - 336,889,691 Serbia 30,380 30,380 Expenditure 270,971,832 2,472,248 679,460 - 274,123,540 Private Donors in Italy 25,607 25,607 Croatia 24,957 24,957 TOTAL Budget 762,553,787 8,366,319 4,586,836 52,240,925 827,747,866 Private Donors Worldwide 17,046 18 17,064 Expenditure 461,375,750 6,320,074 2,579,153 26,203,815 496,478,792 Luxembourg 10,239 10,239 1 Includes activities in Armenia and Azerbaijan. Azerbaijan 6,672 6,672 2 Includes activities in Albania, Macedonia, Serbia and Kosovo (S/RES/1244 (1999)), and Montenegro. 3 Includes activities in Austria, France, Germany, Ireland, the Netherlands, the liaison office for Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Private Donors in Austria 738 738 4 Includes activities in Bulgaria, Croatia, Czechia, Republic of Moldova, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia. 5 Includes activities in Cyprus, Malta and Spain. 6 Includes activities in Latvia and Lithuania. TOTAL 382,731,878 200,000 10,512,262 55,398,219 448,842,359

Note: Contributions include 7 per cent programme support costs, and exclude $0.61 million for implementation in 2018.

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FOREWORD Violence. Conflict. Poverty. Political instability. Trafficking and smuggling. and Mass displacement. These are some of Middle East the realities faced daily by millions of men, women and children throughout the Middle East and North Africa. In 2017, UNHCR continued to be appalled by the scale and magnitude of suffering experienced by North Africa civilian populations uprooted by conflict both within their own countries and across borders. Away from their homes, in some instances for decades, many have been forced to live in poverty and are almost totally reliant on humanitarian aid.

In 2017, the region hosted just six per cent of the world’s population, but nearly a quarter of the global population of concern to UNHCR. This responsibility continued to stretch economies, public and social services, and civil and political structures to the limits.

The humanitarian and refugee crisis in the Syrian Arab Republic (Syria) remained the largest in the world. Fragile ceasefires and shifts in conflict dynamics restored relative calm to some parts of the country in 2017, enabling some IDPs and refugees to return home. However, during the same period, displacement continued within Syria and significant obstacles to return persisted. These obstacles included ongoing military operations; insecurity; a lack of legal status and documentation; housing, land and property challenges; limited access to services and livelihoods opportunities; unexploded ordnance and mines; and other protection risks.

In Iraq, while there were positive developments, including the return of large numbers of IDPs, UNHCR remained concerned by the risk of further displacement, forced evictions and revenge attacks against communities.

© UNHCR/Vivian Tou’meh © UNHCR/Vivian Abu Ahmad Al Shawa, in his fifties, has returned to his house in East Aleppo, in Syria. Despite that the whole building is completely burned out, Abu Ahmad has decided to re‑open the doors of his restaurant to receive visitors. His restaurant is located right opposite Aleppo’s citadel.

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For women and girls, the situation was also centres and continued advocating for the SYRIA IRAQ YEMEN SITUATION SITUATION SITUATION less than positive in 2017 with the result that release of those in captivity. the Office issued ‘alerts’ on the high risks of 5.5 million 277,000 280,000 Despite insecurity and constrained access, sexual and gender‑based violence (SGBV) REFUGEES REFUGEES REFUGEES UNHCR remained committed to its work were registered in and asylum-seekers and asylum-seekers faced by this group. the region were registered in were hosted in Yemen across the region. It reached millions inside the region 100,000 3.4 million IRAQI REFUGEES In Yemen, a destructive pattern of war and Syria, providing protection, shelter, basic REFUGEES ARRIVALS are the second largest were hosted in Turkey alone in 2017 alone displacement plunged the country further relief items and health assistance. Iraqis refugee population group after Syrians in the region into poverty and desolation. Yemen became received multipurpose cash assistance, 6.15 million 2.1 million IDPs by year’s end the world’s most acute humanitarian crisis. IDPs by year’s end 2.6 million while in Yemen, UNHCR provided core relief IDPs by year’s end A country‑wide escalation of violence left items, emergency shelter kits, returnee 3 million 1 million IDPs were living in IDP RETURNEES approximately two‑thirds of the population kits and cash‑based interventions (CBIs) to hard-to-reach locations in need of assistance. families.

In 2017, tens of thousands of people made The League of Arab States made significant the perilous sea journey to Italy, primarily progress in drafting a convention on the from Libya. Despite a significant decrease situation of refugees. UNHCR also worked in the number of sea arrivals in the second closely with States in the region, such part of the year, the crossing continued to as Iraq, Morocco and Tunisia, to develop claim many lives. national asylum legislation. SYRIAN Complex mixed flow dynamics presented a ARAB REPUBLIC Despite the increasingly difficult climate, growing risk to thousands of refugees and IRAQ UNHCR remained hopeful that global migrants trapped in abhorrent detention solidarity and compassion would prevail. LIBYA conditions in Libya. In 2017, UNHCR While the challenges continued to grow, the saved hundreds of vulnerable refugees Office’s resolve to overcome them remained there through evacuation operations. unshaken. With partners, the Office also conducted YEMEN extensive monitoring visits to detention Amin Awad Director of UNHCR’s Regional Bureau for the Middle East and North Africa

16.8 MILLION LIBYA PARTNERS IN THE MIDDLE SITUATION PEOPLE OF CONCERNMiddle East and IN North THE Africa MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA 168 . million EAST AND NORTH AFRICA AGE AND GENDER BREAKDOWN 165,000 SITUATIONS 105 NATIONAL NGO PARTNERS IDPs by year’s end REFUGEES AND ASYLUM-SEEKERS 34 INTERNATIONAL NGO PARTNERS MENA 342,000 < 1.5 million AGE AND GENDER BREAKDOWN 23 GOVERNMENT PARTNERS IDP RETURNEES People of concern REFUGEES REFUGEES AND ASYLUM-SEEKERS REFUGEES 6 UN AGENCIES/OTHER PARTNERS 2.7 MILLION . million | |% 16% ASLYLUM-SEEKERSASYLUM-SEEKERS 1.5 > 3 million , | % People of concern 23% 235,000 | 1% STATELESS OF THE GLOBAL STATELESS PERSONS 2,409 STAFF IN THE MIDDLE POPULATION OF , | % CONCERN 371,000 | 2% EAST AND NORTH AFRICA > 3 million RETURNEESRETURNEES (Refugees (refugees and IDPs) & IDPs) . million | % People of concern 2.5 million | 15% IDPs % IDPs  million | % 60% 40 FEMALE MALE 11 MILLIONOTHERS OF CONCERN| 65% New Emergencies , * OTHERS OF CONCERN 47% 15,000 38% 64 BASED IN LOCATIONS CRRF COUNTRY HARDSHIP LOCATIONS

Situation

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The news resulted in large numbers of asylum-seekers. However, people mainly from the Horn of Africa. UNHCR and MAJOR SITUATIONS In spite of the IDP returns, but there were still 2.6 million continued to arrive in Yemen, with an partners continued to provide protection new arrival Iraq situation Iraqi IDPs by the end of the year. Grave estimated 100,000 new arrivals in 2017 and lifesaving assistance to people of trends, the situation in By the end of 2017, protection challenges remained, which alone. In spite of these new arrival trends, concern living in precarious conditions. Yemen was not could result in further displacement, the situation in Yemen was not conducive Together with Yemeni authorities, the Office conducive for there were nearly asylum due to 277,000 Iraqi refugees inter‑communal violence and SGBV. for asylum due to the significant levels of registered approximately 3,400 of those significant levels insecurity. Yemen remained a transit route eligible for international protection. of insecurity. and asylum‑seekers In 2017, UNHCR gave core relief items for migrants and some asylum-seekers, registered in the region, to 1.2 million IDPs, returnees and host making them the second community members, while more than largest refugee 800,000 people benefitted from protection Schmidthaeussler © UNHCR/Natalie population group after monitoring activities, including outreach Despite danger, Somali refugees Syrians in the region. to assess needs and to provide legal in Yemen return home assistance, provision of civil documentation The Government of Iraq declared Mosul For nearly a decade, Yemen was a place of refuge for Abaya Mursal and retaken in mid‑July 2017, and announced support, and referrals to specialized her family, after they were forced to flee their home in Somalia. the liberation of all Iraqi territory from the services to IDPs, returnees and other “We had a good life here in Yemen. I didn’t have any problems here,” control of extremists in December 2017. conflict-affected Iraqis. recalled Abaya. “But since the conflict started, things became very difficult. This is why we decided to return home.” Moments later, Abaya and her seven children boarded the Somali refugees on board a vessel at boat that would transport them across the Gulf of Aden and © UNHCR/David Azia © UNHCR/David Aden Port en route to Somalia in the first back to Somalia. assisted spontaneous return movement Partnering to improve cash assistance from Yemen. to refugees In 2017, UNHCR used CBIs to help refugees and IDPs cover costs related to food, rent, and medical care and to help them prepare for cold winter weather. Most of those assisted were in urban areas. In total, CBIs assisted more than 2.1 million Syrian and Iraqi IDPs and refugees, and 334,000 IDPs in Yemen. In 2017, UNHCR helped more than With the support of partners, the Office 4,000 refugees in the Yemen situation reached more than 800,000 IDPs, providing In Jordan, the common cash facility (CCF) continued to operate as an access financial assistance, and more than them with lifesaving assistance and innovative approach designed to create efficiencies, with the ability to A teller, left, distributes winter be replicable/scalable across diverse operations. This common cash cash assistance to a 98,000 refugees and members of host addressing their cross‑cutting shelter and arrangement, bringing 17 partners together, continued to reinforce Syrian refugee in Zaatari communities access medical services. protection needs. alignment and coordination between multiple organizations’ cash refugee camp, Mafraq Governorate, Jordan. transfer programmes.

UNHCR campaign spreads awareness about dangers of Yemen sea crossings Yemen situation an outbreak of cholera resulted in the loss In 2017, UNHCR launched a regional information campaign in the of thousands of lives, and severe food Horn of Africa called “Dangerous crossings” to inform people of the In Yemen, acute insecurity made civilians increasingly more risks posed by the journey to the Arabian Peninsula. The campaign protection needs aimed to counter misinformation peddled by smugglers vulnerable. Approximately doubled in 2017: an and traffickers trying to lure people into undertaking 12,160 Yemeni refugees live in Somalia additional 3.4 million dangerous journeys, and was part of UNHCR’s efforts to (6,428), Djibouti (4,157), Ethiopia (1,771), strengthen its messaging to people of concern through people needed and with small numbers concentrated in mass information campaigns. humanitarian assistance urban areas in Sudan. as compared to 2016, including more than Despite the conflict and the dire 2.1 million IDPs and nearly 1 million IDP humanitarian situation, Yemen hosted over returnees. Adding to the hardship in Yemen, 280,000 registered refugees and

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Libya situation main departure point, the number of people adequately address the needs of returnees shelter, basic relief items and health arriving in Europe by sea from the region in Syria and scale up its operational and assistance, including through cross-border The volatile security and was approximately 50 per cent lower than protection capacity. interventions from Jordan and Turkey. political situation in in 2016. For more information on the Central Libya continued to The number of registered Syrian refugees in Together with UNDP, UNHCR continued to Mediterranean and North Africa situation impact civilians in 2017 the region reached 5.5 million, an increase lead the Regional Refugee and Resilience please refer to the chapter on Safeguarding and made humanitarian of nearly 500,000 as compared to 2016. Plan in response to the Syria crisis (3RP). fundamental rights. access challenging. The growth reflected births, as well as The plan is built around government-led the regularization of registered Syrians, national plans, cost-effective and innovative While the IDP population Syria situation decreased, UNHCR including new arrivals, primarily in Turkey. programming, and a coalition of over provided assistance such as shelter, food As many as 13.1 million As of December 2017, Turkey still hosted 270 partners. UNHCR implemented a Turkey hosted and medical care to over 165,000 IDPs and people were in need of the largest Syrian refugee population in multi-sector response, including biometric the largest Syrian refugee 342,000 IDP returnees, including 1,220 IDPs humanitarian assistance the region with some 3.4 million refugees, registration, cash, health, shelter, wash and population in the from the northern town of Tawergha. To in 2017, including followed by Lebanon (997,000), Jordan livelihood support. Despite the generosity region with some respond to these growing needs, UNHCR 6.15 million IDPs. Nearly (655,000), Iraq (247,000), and Egypt of donors, the 2017 3RP only received 3.4 million refugees. launched a supplementary appeal seeking 3 million of those in (126,000). 54 per cent of the funding it required. $75 million for an expanded response need were living in Despite operational challenges, in 2017 in Libya, which included $48 million in hard‑to‑reach locations. UNHCR reached approximately 6.2 million additional requirements as compared With the emergence of a few areas of people inside Syria with protection services, to 2016. relative stability, close to 77,000 Syrian refugees and 764,000 IDPs returned to The protection environment for refugee and their areas of origin in 2017. These asylum-seekers continued to deteriorate as self‑organized returns occurred without thousands remained trapped in abhorrent facilitation by the international humanitarian detention conditions. In 2017, UNHCR and community, with UNHCR stressing that the

partners conducted at least 1,000 visits to AB © Foundation/Vingaland IKEA conditions for refugees’ safe, dignified and 35 detention centres, obtaining the release sustainable return were not yet in place. In Azraq, the world’s first refugee camp powered of more than 1,350 detained refugees and September 2017, UNHCR launched a by solar energy asylum-seekers. supplementary appeal preparing for Funded by the IKEA Foundation, Azraq’s two-megawatt solar photovoltaic While large-scale mixed movements from, durable solutions inside Syria appealing for plant is the first such facility built in a refugee setting. It has brought affordable and sustainable power to people who previously lived to and through the Middle East and North an additional $156 million to the with only sporadic access to electricity for two-and-a-half years. Now, Africa continued in 2017, with Libya as the $304.2 million initially requested to 20,000 Syrian refugees living in almost 5,000 shelters can connect a fridge, heater, fan and lights. They can also charge their phones. The plant has immediately saved UNHCR $1.5 million per year. The project Azraq refugee camp’s new solar farm stretches out into the desert. has also contributed to Jordan’s national energy strategy goal to achieve a green economy by 2020, as the solar energy reduces the camp’s CO2 © UNHCR/Houssam Hariri © UNHCR/Houssam emissions by 2,400 tons each year. Most Syrian refugees in Lebanon In UNHCR’s collaboration with IKEA Foundation on the now destitute, study finds development of this plant, great value was placed on Since fleeing war in Syria three years ago, 38-year-old Mohammed efficiency, innovation and the sustainability of the project. and his family of eight have lived precariously in Lebanon on his Importantly, the plant has provided employment and training irregular earnings from seasonal farm work. The family faces rising opportunities for more than 50 refugees. levels of debt. “I work here in the field. Sometimes I work for one, two or three hours, sometimes there is no work at all,” says Mohammed, “I borrow money to buy clothes and other stuff for my Syrian refugee Mohammed surveys strawberry plants in Jiyeh, Lebanon, children. We are big in debt.” where he is employed as a seasonal worker.

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ACHIEVEMENTS of registrations since 2013. Half of those Ensuring protection from From January to September 2017, AND IMPACT registered were Syrians, followed by violence and exploitation over 135,000 men and women who Ethiopians, Eritreans and Sudanese. had survived, or were at risk of, SGBV With more than 2.5 million Syrian refugee Across the Middle East and North Africa, received multi‑sectoral support. In 2017, Regionally, UNHCR conducted refugee children in the region, child protection States continued to demonstrate their UNHCR strengthened the collection and status determination in accordance with its remained crucial. Key priorities included commitment to improving the lives of management of data on SGBV incidents, mandate, while seeking to safeguard the strengthening national child protection people of concern, including by enacting including by using the gender‑based process’ integrity, quality and efficiency. systems and ensuring non‑discriminatory measures to enhance access to asylum violence information management system access to these systems for all children systems, better protect children from Community-based approaches to protection (see the chapter on Responding with of concern. The Office sought to improve violence and exploitation, and to provide remained central to UNHCR’s response. lifesaving support). access to birth registration and best durable solutions for refugees. In 2017, nearly 3,000 community members interests’ procedures for Syrian refugee In December 2017, UNHCR published were involved in identifying people children. It provided quality services for a report on good practices in gender Maintaining protection space at heightened risk of violence and those separated from their families or equality with a specific focus on Syrian and supporting access to exploitation, referring them to UNHCR for who had experienced violence, abuse or refugees in the Middle East and North national asylum systems support. More than 250 community centres exploitation. Africa. The report highlighted good provided displaced people and vulnerable In 2017, UNHCR advised countries on practices in promoting gender equality in host communities with skills-development More than 694,000 girls and boys the development of draft national asylum humanitarian programming and addressing legislation and worked closely with the opportunities, counselling and legal in the main Syrian refugee‑hosting 694,000 SGBV. UNHCR also completed a study on girls and boys information. countries—namely Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, League of Arab States on a draft convention sexual violence against refugee men and in the main Syrian Lebanon and Turkey—benefited from refugee-hosting to better regulate the status of refugees In Syria, more than 200,000 people boys to help ensure laws, policies and UNHCR’s child protection work in 2017, countries 200,000 in the region. In Israel, UNHCR advocated benefitted from community-based services considered their needs. The Office benefitted from people benefitted as well as from its broader psychological UNHCR’s child from community- access to legal status for refugees and assistance, including direct assistance, published the findings in October 2017, in and social support programmes. Together protection based assistance asylum‑seekers and promoted solutions, psychological and social support and a report entitled: “We keep it in our heart: assistance. in Syria, including with ILO and UNICEF, UNHCR completed psychological focusing on measures impacting Eritrean education or remedial classes. This sexual violence against men and boys in the a regional strategy addressing child support and and Sudanese nationals in need of community‑based assistance also included Syria crisis”. education or labour among Syrian refugees. It also remedial classes. international protection. protection-related services, such as organized consultations on strengthening community mobilization, child protection, UNHCR strengthened its support to youth‑centred programming in Egypt and legal aid, prevention of and response to governments on registration of refugees Jordan. and asylum‑seekers. In 2017, Egypt SGBV, livelihood support, and services for introduced a new procedure and registered people with specific needs.

over 50,200 people—its highest number Hamoud © UNHCR/Mohammed Cash for shelter In 2017, most of Yemen’s displaced continued to live with host families or in rented accommodation, while others were forced to take shelter in informal settlements or collective centres, such as unused schools, Qatar Charity increases its support for lifesaving interventions health facilities, or religious buildings. In 2017, nearly 90 per cent had been displaced for more than a year, and many of those living in rented Qatar Charity became one of UNHCR’s most valuable private sector partners accommodation faced the lingering threat of eviction. in 2017. The NGO contributed $4.5 million to UNHCR operations, helping reach approximately 170,000 displaced people in Jordan, Lebanon, Syria and Yemen with lifesaving interventions. For almost 40,000 of the most vulnerable families at risk of eviction, UNHCR provided the equivalent of $200 in the form of rental subsidies. The Qatar‑based charity signed a five‑year agreement to donate at least $3 million annually. Daris Al Askri waits to receive a UNHCR winter cash grant at the Al Amal bank The families were carefully identified by UNHCR field staff and partners in Sana’a. The 48-year-old was forced through home visits, mobile assessment teams or by staff at drop-in to flee Yemen’s flashpoint district of community centres. Once confirmed, families received an Nihm with his seven children after their family house was destroyed. They now SMS with a voucher code redeemable at various money live in a tent on the outskirts of Sana’a transfer agents across the country. in Dharawan informal settlement. They struggle to meet basic needs.

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Pursuing durable solutions UNHCR shared good practices and discussed durable solutions—including In 2017, over 44,000 refugees from the MBC and UNHCR give hope to refugee families evacuating and resettling refugees from region were submitted for resettlement, The Middle East Broadcasting Center Group (MBC), the largest satellite broadcasting company in the region, Libya—with the chairs of the Syrian donated $3.8 million to UNHCR through its philanthropic arm MBC Al Amal (MBC Hope). For the second year including 37,000 Syrians and 2,900 Iraqis. Resettlement Core Group (the United in a row, a TV series about the life of a refugee family aired daily at prime time during Ramadan. The amount totalled just 7.5 per cent Kingdom) and of the Central Mediterranean “Touch of Hope” (Basmet Amal) is a joint UNHCR and MBC initiative. It was one of MBC’s most of the region’s overall resettlement successful programmes in 2017. The programme helped in raising funds for UNHCR’s cash assistance Core Group (France), see the chapter on needs (585,900). Of those submitted, programme, through which UNHCR provides a monthly stipend of $175 to more than 20,000 refugee Building better futures. families in Jordan and Lebanon. 33,200 Syrian and Iraqi refugees departed for resettlement. © UNHCR/Andy Hall © UNHCR/Andy © UNHCR/Scott Nelson © UNHCR/Scott Biometric registration brings CONSTRAINTS efficiencies and improvements Humanitarian needs in the Middle East in registration and North Africa outweighed UNHCR’s In 2017, UNHCR expanded biometric registration across response capacity again in 2017. Insecurity the region, registering people in Egypt, Iraq, Jordan and and the fluid nature of displacement Lebanon. In Turkey, the Office provided technical support to made it difficult to develop sustainable local authorities to assist with the registration of 3.5 million refugees. Biometric registration improved the quality of case responses. The lack of safe and unhindered processing for resettlement as it enabled the verification of humanitarian access continued to impact applicants and boosted the credibility of information shared A UNHCR staff member takes an eye scan during Goodwill Ambassador Praya Lundberg with the capacity of UNHCR and its partners to Sahsa, the youngest girl in the TIGER group. with the authorities of resettlement countries. Furthermore, the registration interview for Isak (24) an Eritrean deliver assistance in insecure environments. it facilitated fraud-proof cash and voucher assistance. UNHCR asylum-seeker in the reception area of the UNHCR office in Egypt. also launched a new biometric identity management system Goodwill Ambassador support to Similarly, managed borders made access in Mauritania and Tunisia to improve registration procedures. refugees across the region to asylum increasingly challenging in some contexts. Lastly, the increasingly protracted Goodwill Ambassadors boosted the visibility of and uncertain situation for many displaced UNHCR’s work in the region during 2017. Social media influencers invited to the annual people, particularly Syrians and Yemenis, Nansen Award ceremony generated interest on resulted in the depletion of their financial Mobilizing public, political, Network for Displacement, which aims to Instagram, increasing the range and diversity of resources and often a reliance upon harmful be a platform for civil society stakeholders UNHCR’s audience. Sea Prayer, a 360-degree, financial and operational support coping strategies. through strategic partnerships to protect displaced people and support immersive film by award-winning novelist host communities. The network is due for and Goodwill Ambassador Khaled Hosseini, As part of the practical application of appeared at 15 festivals worldwide. Actress and launch in 2018. Meanwhile, traditional and model Praya Lundberg visited Jordan, where the Comprehensive Refugee Response non‑traditional partnerships mobilized she shared her experiences of Framework and the process leading to significant funds and boosted advocacy UNHCR’s frontline work with her 30 million social media followers a global compact on refugees, UNHCR efforts. UNHCR continued to seek out worldwide. continued to strengthen its relationship non‑traditional funding sources, including with States and other regional partners. through engagement with regional It supported the development of the and economic organizations, financial Middle East and North Africa Civil Society institutions, civil society and media partners.

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FINANCIAL INFORMATION BUDGET AND EXPENDITURE IN THE MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA | USD

Budget PILLAR 1 PILLAR 2 PILLAR 3 PILLAR 4 Refugee Stateless Reintegration IDP OPERATION TOTAL • ExCom revised budget: $2.17 billion. programme programme projects projects

• Final budget: $2.26 billion. MIDDLE EAST Iraq Budget 137,529,390 623,739 - 418,940,632 557,093,761 • Budget increase: $89.5 million / +4% due mainly to surges in needs in Libya, Syria and Yemen. Expenditure 78,071,264 267,251 - 174,038,181 252,376,697 Israel Budget 3,731,972 - - - 3,731,972 Expenditure Expenditure 2,867,664 - - - 2,867,664 Jordan Budget 277,212,606 - - - 277,212,606 As % of As % of global Expenditure 238,507,054 - - - 238,507,054 SOURCE OF EXPENDITURE USD | thousands expenditure expenditure by within the region source of funding Lebanon Budget 463,887,386 606,297 - - 464,493,683 Expenditure 325,267,608 549,420 - - 325,817,028 Earmarked 65,282 5% 23% Saudi Arabia Budget 5,472,287 175,288 - - 5,647,575 Carry-over from prior years Unearmarked - - - Expenditure 4,529,821 138,592 - - 4,668,413 Earmarked 848,233 70% 39% Syrian Regional Refugee Coordination Office Budget 26,188,949 - - 30,079,617 56,268,566 Softly earmarked 233,272 19% 36% Expenditure 17,051,225 - - 14,457,945 31,509,170 Voluntary contributions Unearmarked 52,103 4% 13% Syrian Arab Republic Budget 47,400,000 211,170 146,000,000 303,988,899 497,600,068 In-kind 1,980 0% 6% Expenditure 16,498,206 7,318 4,841,298 138,381,631 159,728,453 Programme support costs - - - - United Arab Emirates Budget 4,148,107 - - - 4,148,107 Other income - 15,356 1% 12% Expenditure 3,195,608 - - - 3,195,608 Yemen Budget 63,273,754 - - 50,375,894 113,649,648 TOTAL 1,216,225 100% 30% Expenditure 28,778,660 - - 41,285,615 70,064,275 Regional activities Budget 48,382,497 - - - 48,382,497 • Funding gap: 46%. Expenditure 227,287 - - - 227,287

• The Middle East and North Africa region is notable for the very high concentration of SUBTOTAL Budget 1,077,226,947 1,616,494 146,000,000 803,385,041 2,028,228,482 tightly earmarked funding: 75% of regional expenditure and 39% of UNHCR’s total Expenditure 714,994,398 962,580 4,841,298 368,163,372 1,088,961,648 earmarked expenditure. NORTH AFRICA Algeria Budget 36,540,226 - - - 36,540,226 • Severe funding shortfalls and high levels of earmarking affected operations across Expenditure 15,471,442 - - - 15,471,442 the region. In particular, operations responding to the Syria crisis were unable to fully Egypt Budget 79,089,587 - - - 79,089,587 implement CBIs. Expenditure 42,600,464 - - - 42,600,464 Libya Budget 59,926,440 - - 14,145,268 74,071,708 • In Yemen, limited funding reduced UNHCR’s ability to provide assistance across large Expenditure 33,187,947 - - 10,965,047 44,152,994 parts of the south of the country. Mauritania Budget 19,773,461 - - - 19,773,461 Expenditure 12,858,475 - - - 12,858,475 • In other operations, for example in Mauritania, plans to ameliorate camp infrastructure Morocco Budget 7,379,727 - - - 7,379,727 were severely constrained. Expenditure 5,612,362 - - - 5,612,362 Tunisia Budget 6,570,697 - - - 6,570,697 Expenditure 4,200,839 - - - 4,200,839 EXPENDITURE IN IN THE THE MIDDLE MIDDLE EAST EAST AND AND NORTH NORTH AFRICA AFRICA | USD | USD Western Sahara: Confidence Building Measures Budget 5,915,270 - - - 5,915,270 $. billion Expenditure 1,985,714 - - - 1,985,714 $1.216 billion Regional activities Budget 2,715,206 - - - 2,715,206 Expenditure 381,205 - - - 381,205 PILLAR $ . million |  % SUBTOTAL Budget 217,910,614 - - 14,145,268 232,055,882 Expenditure 116,298,449 - - 10,965,047 127,263,496 PILLAR  $ million | .% TOTAL Budget 1,295,137,562 1,616,494 146,000,000 817,530,309 2,260,284,364 PILLAR  Expenditure 831,292,847 962,580 4,841,298 379,128,419 1,216,225,144 $. million | .% OF GLOBAL PILLAR  EXPENDITURE 30% $. million | %

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EXPENDITURE IN THE MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA VOLUNTARY CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA | USD 2013-2017 | USD PILLAR 1 PILLAR 2 PILLAR 3 PILLAR 4 Refugee Stateless Reintegration IDP DONOR ALL PILLARS TOTAL programme programme projects projects

Private Donors in Indonesia 2,000,000 2,000,000 Czechia 1,924,497 1,924,497 Private Donors in the Republic of Korea 1,846,807 1,846,807 Private Donors in Canada 1,383,366 201,724 1,585,091 Private Donors in the United Kingdom 824,465 60,399 372,142 1,257,005 Isle of Man 1,217,772 1,217,772 Private Donors in Switzerland 50,050 10,100 1,036,670 1,096,821 Private Donors in Australia 261,490 812,326 1,073,816 Central Emergency Response Fund 429,768 570,573 1,000,340 Private Donors in Sweden 24,334 273,417 575,878 873,628 China 835,333 835,333 Russian Federation 300,000 500,000 800,000 Poland 602,377 602,377 Private Donors in Kuwait 534,138 40,387 574,525 Private Donors in Italy 415,806 21,990 106,848 544,644 Private Donors in Singapore 232,700 30,838 164,610 428,148 Private Donors in Saudi Arabia 377,879 555 378,434 Private Donors in Spain 7,964 299,661 307,625 Monaco 244,161 244,161 VOLUNTARY CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA | USD Iceland 220,000 220,000 Liechtenstein 203,252 203,252 Private Donors in Egypt 184,451 184,451 PILLAR 1 PILLAR 2 PILLAR 3 PILLAR 4 Portugal 162,816 162,816 Refugee Stateless Reintegration IDP DONOR ALL PILLARS TOTAL Malaysia programme programme projects projects 150,000 150,000 United Nations Action Against Sexual Violence 140,213 140,213 in Conflict United States of America 261,040,000 70,000,000 166,550,000 497,590,000 United Arab Emirates 126,000 126,000 Germany 106,573,709 98,761,153 101,609,381 306,944,242 Private Donors in France 118,064 187 2,920 121,171 European Union 57,171,217 8,945,611 13,743,237 79,860,066 Bulgaria 58,072 54,289 112,361 Japan 21,213,534 29,591,841 1,792,436 52,597,811 Estonia 96,051 96,051 Canada 24,905,660 7,473,842 5,998,457 38,377,959 United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS 85,000 85,000 Norway 20,142,372 11,234,482 3,510,825 34,887,679 Private Donors in Lebanon 75,750 75,750 United Kingdom 8,180,024 13,450,344 21,630,368 Private Donors in China 6,425 60,875 67,300 Netherlands 15,130,824 15,130,824 Private Donors in Japan 67,075 67,075 Saudi Arabia 5,000,000 9,661,880 14,661,880 Private Donors in Monaco 65,510 65,510 Sweden 5,038,835 6,272,132 2,102,002 13,412,969 Lithuania 17,773 42,965 60,737 Italy 10,534,542 2,055,902 12,590,444 Philippines 50,000 50,000 Private Donors in Germany 126,304 12,334,900 12,461,205 Private Donors in Thailand 48,853 48,853 France 5,457,329 5,285,993 200,000 10,943,322 Cyprus 35,545 35,545 Finland 4,268,943 1,067,236 2,809,396 8,145,575 Slovenia 33,520 33,520 Kuwait 7,580,000 39,490 7,619,490 Private Donors in the Philippines 31,671 31,671 Private Donors in Qatar 200,000 5,773,605 739,303 6,712,908 Morocco 23,629 23,629 Country-based pooled funds 6,701,890 6,701,890 Malta 23,229 23,229 Australia 6,042,296 6,042,296 Private Donors in Brazil 6,663 6,663 Switzerland 3,034,438 1,972,387 986,193 5,993,018 Private Donors in Turkey 83 1,600 3,941 5,623 Denmark 4,744,583 1,000,000 5,744,583 Holy See 5,000 5,000 Private Donors in the United Arab Emirates 3,393,551 937,000 597,869 4,928,420 Private Donors in Greece 1,685 1,685 Belgium 2,559,727 2,275,313 4,835,040 Private Donors in India 1,257 1,257 Spain 4,039,310 590,926 4,630,236 Private Donors in Oman 1,213 1,213 Austria 1,387,407 2,347,919 542,888 4,278,214 Private Donors in Austria 111 904 1,016 Private Donors in the United States of America 664,279 194,733 2,978,419 3,837,431 Private Donors in Ireland 671 671 Private Donors in the Netherlands 1,499,890 2,085,476 56,946 3,642,313 Private Donors in Bangladesh 278 278 Private Donors Worldwide 1,345,044 4,375 1,986,509 3,335,928 Republic of Korea 1,000,000 2,200,000 3,200,000 TOTAL 597,134,148 289,317,081 330,070,265 1,216,521,494 Luxembourg 784,519 1,830,544 2,615,063 United Nations Children’s Fund 1,500,000 871,755 2,371,755 Note: Contributions include 7 percent programme support costs, and exclude $14.66 million for implementation in 2018.

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Operational support UNHCR’s Headquarters staff, located in Headquarters Geneva, Budapest, Copenhagen and other The category of management and regional capitals, work to ensure the Office and management administration reflected in the Headquarters carries out its mandate in an effective, budget is comprised of costs required to coherent and transparent manner. maintain the direction and leadership of Throughout 2017, Headquarters’ divisions the Office. This includes functional units and bureaux provided leadership and for executive direction, organizational support for field operations, including policy and evaluation, external relations, through their responsibilities for the information technology and administration. following key functions: Global programmes • Developing doctrine and policy. • Articulating strategic directions. In addition to its country and regional operations, UNHCR undertakes a range of • Prioritizing and allocating resources. projects and activities of a global nature. • Ensuring organization-wide emergency, These global programmes are designed security and supply management. to be implemented at the field level, but are budgeted for and managed at • Ensuring financial control in accordance Headquarters. with United Nations and UNHCR rules and regulations. Global programmes promoted innovation and harmonized approaches across a wide • Directing organizational development spectrum of operational activities, including and management. public health; HIV/AIDS and reproductive • Monitoring, measuring and reporting health; nutrition and food security; water, (including results-based management). sanitation and hygiene (WASH); shelter and • Oversight (inspection, evaluation, settlements; education; livelihoods; and investigation and audit). environmental management and energy. Registration and identity and information Directing and supporting fundraising and • management, as well as the suitable use resource mobilization. of cash-based interventions, underpinned • Coordinating and directing relevant, well-targeted programmes. communications and external relations. Interventions were guided by five-year global strategies established in 2014 for • Servicing the Executive Committee and public health, settlement and shelter, other governance bodies, allowing them © UNHCR/Mitra Salima Suryono livelihoods, and safe access to fuel and to assume their oversight functions. energy, with a five-year policy on cash • Supporting inter-agency relations and launched in 2016. Robina Kolok, a UNHCR Associate Supply Officer, who grew up as a refugee strategic partnerships. in Kenya after fleeing what is now South Sudan, has been temporarily Technical interventions ranged from assigned to the Rohingya emergency operation in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh. ensuring a lifesaving response to enabling solutions for refugees and others of concern in urban and camp settings. The programmes were carried out in close collaboration with partners and aimed to bridge UNHCR’s humanitarian programmes with longer-term development

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efforts for people of concern. They are or implementing cost-effective and BUDGET AND EXPENDITURE FOR GLOBAL PROGRAMMES | USD aligned with the vision of the New York environmentally friendly approaches PILLAR 1 - REFUGEE PROGRAMME Declaration for Refugees and Migrants to sanitation, more effective identity and the Comprehensive Refugee management, or expanding the use of cash ACTIVITIES Budget Expenditure Response Framework and the Sustainable assistance. “Waste-to-value” pilot projects OPERATIONAL ACTIVITIES Development Goals. in refugee camps in Ethiopia and Kenya Cash-based interventions 521,965 522,977 reduced the cost of sanitation services, Durable solutions 1,981,813 1,742,919 By way of examples of achievements in doubled the lifespan of infrastructure and Education-related projects 22,056,029 18,769,383 2017, the global programmes contributed generated useful by-products such as Emergency-related projects (including stockpiles) 41,878,335 34,062,122 to UNHCR implementing rapid, agile Environment-related projects 452,500 371,867 cooking fuel. In addition, UNHCR is now and effective emergency responses, for Global Clusters 2,615,890 1,847,551 tracking the cost of water supply through example through shelter by deploying Health-related projects (including HIV/AIDS, anaemia, water & sanitation) 3,301,132 2,434,011 a specific water costing tool. Innovation project 8,089,209 2,419,615 thousands of the new refugee housing unit, Protection-related projects 9,530,637 4,545,361 and site planning and the deployment of These and other examples are also Private sector fundraising 112,505,036 106,968,743 registration specialists to Bangladesh in referenced and contextualised in the Public information and media projects 8,677,709 6,701,547 response to the Rohingya emergency. regional summaries and thematic chapters Refugee women, children and adolescents 3,463,245 2,502,258 Registration, data and knowledge management 6,356,328 5,493,928 They also contributed to improving lives of this report. Tables and charts showing Research, evaluation and documentation 1,566,814 576,985 through programme quality, technical budget, expenditure and voluntary Resettlement 23,224,390 11,362,990 integrity and innovation. This included contributions in 2017 for global programmes Shelter-related projects 1,794,500 1,786,414 expanding the use of solar energy as and Headquarters are presented on the Training-related projects 1,076,196 1,016,296 Miscellaneous 610,090 552,828 in the Zaatari refugee camp in Jordan following pages. or for powering water pumps in Africa, SUBTOTAL 249,701,817 203,677,796

PROGRAMME SUPPORT ACTIVITIES A more detailed description of Headquarters functions and activities can be found on the Global EXECUTIVE DIRECTION AND MANAGEMENT Focus website, and more details on the roles and results achieved by global programmes are Innovation project 1,217,929 794,088 provided throughout this Global Report in the regional summaries and thematic chapters. Inspector General’s Office field activities 2,275,232 1,403,958 Legal Affairs Section field activities 458,261 455,244 Connectivity for refugees 552,565 467,097 DIVISION OF EXTERNAL RELATIONS Division of External Relations Service 15,741,051 12,476,644 EXPENDITURE FOR GLOBAL PROGRAMMES Private sector fund raising - investment funds and activities 13,033,724 11,429,481 DIVISION OF INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION 13,716,592 9,133,196 AND HEADQUARTERS (PILLAR 1) | 2013-2017 DIVISION OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS 28,866,750 28,080,016 DIVISION OF PROGRAMME SUPPORT MANAGEMENT 13,269,742 12,097,625 DIVISION OF EMERGENCY, SECURITY AND SUPPLY Emergency Capacity Management Section 7,453,324 6,582,844 Field Safety Section and field security support 12,345,090 12,184,522 Supply Management - field strenghtening and support 20,593,358 18,042,708 DIVISION OF HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT Global staff accomodation 1,168,178 1,160,930 Special staff costs 22,705,515 22,011,645 Training of UNHCR staff 7,648,497 7,571,152 DIVISION OF FINANCIAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT Global support 181,786 173,298 Audit IPMS 5,000,000 7,767

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BUDGET AND EXPENDITURE FOR GLOBAL PROGRAMMES | USD BUDGET AND EXPENDITURE FOR HEADQUARTERS | USD

PILLAR 1 - REFUGEE PROGRAMME PILLAR 1 - REFUGEE PROGRAMME

ACTIVITIES Budget Expenditure DIVISIONS/DEPARTMENTS Budget1 Expenditure1

BUDAPEST GLOBAL SERVICE CENTER EXECUTIVE DIRECTION AND MANAGEMENT Division of Emergency, Security and Supply 1,871,854 1,858,014 Executive Office 6,291,883 6,097,055 COPENHAGEN GLOBAL SERVICE CENTER Liaison Office New York 4,688,663 4,344,566 Division of International Protection 1,464,774 1,406,554 Inspector General's Office 11,337,673 10,893,453 Division of Programme Support Management 7,009,173 6,837,680 Legal Affairs Section 3,985,693 3,662,611 Division of Information Systems and Telecommunications 621,529 617,376 Office of the Ombudsman 774,451 711,505 Division of External Relations 8,634,329 7,613,311 Ethics Office 2,368,920 2,287,562 Enterprise Risk Management 525,543 439,075 SUBTOTAL 185,829,256 162,405,149 Evaluation Service 2,035,331 1,806,916 TOTAL 435,531,073 366,082,944 Organizational Development and Management Service 1,506,875 1,440,217 Office of the Director for Change Management 1,726,538 1,038,716

SUBTOTAL 35,241,571 32,721,675

DIVISION OF EXTERNAL RELATIONS Office of the Director 2,877,110 2,827,156 Donor Relations and Resource Mobilization Service 7,248,668 7,085,752 Private Sector Partnership Service 1,154,505 1,140,030 Governance, Partnership and Inter-Agency Coordination Service 3,213,003 3,193,616 Communication and Public Information Service 5,143,100 4,841,930 Records and Archives Section 2,029,898 2,000,445 Inter-agency Coordination Service 1,225,288 1,185,365 Digital Engagement 416,075 411,347 Events, Campaigns and Goodwill Ambassadors 1,080,327 1,032,918 Joint UN Activity Contributions 1,300,000 1,239,394

SUBTOTAL 25,687,973 24,957,954

DIVISION OF INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION Office of the Director 3,553,652 3,461,521 Specialized sections 16,408,002 15,181,100

SUBTOTAL 19,961,654 18,642,622

DIVISION OF PROGRAMME SUPPORT AND MANAGEMENT Office of the Director 3,078,344 3,057,422 Specialized sections 5,917,881 5,735,682

SUBTOTAL 8,996,225 8,793,103

DIVISION OF EMERGENCY, SECURITY AND SUPPLY Office of the Director 2,165,496 2,145,586

SUBTOTAL 2,165,496 2,145,586

REGIONAL BUREAUX Office of the Director for Africa 13,066,353 12,775,759 Office of the Director for the Middle East and North Africa 8,667,714 7,615,642 Special Envoy for the central Mediterranean route situation 520,605 363,071 Office of the Director for Asia and the Pacific 5,672,175 5,404,618

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BUDGET AND EXPENDITURE FOR HEADQUARTERS | USD VOLUNTARY CONTRIBUTIONS TO GLOBAL PROGRAMMES | USD PILLAR 1 - REFUGEE PROGRAMME DONOR PILLAR 1 1 1 DIVISIONS/DEPARTMENTS Budget Expenditure Refugee DIVISIONS/DEPARTMENTS DONORS ALL PILLARS TOTAL programme Emergency Response for Europe 5,183,967 4,051,230 Director’s Office in Brussels for Europe 2,418,305 2,341,273 DIVISION OF EMERGENCY, SECURITY AND SUPPLY Emergency preparedness and response United Arab Emirates 2,612,454 2,612,454 Deputy Director's Office in Geneva for Europe 3,336,179 3,284,179 Deployment of standby experts Switzerland 2,487,000 2,487,000 Office of the Director for the Americas 2,971,265 2,935,522 Deployment of standby experts Norwegian Refugee Council 1,521,000 1,521,000 SUBTOTAL 41,836,563 38,771,294 Deployment of standby experts Sweden 1,262,500 1,262,500 DIVISION OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS Deployment of standby experts Danish Refugee Council 1,235,500 1,235,500 Office of the Director and ICT fixed costs 16,041,135 15,882,672 UNHCR e-Centre Japan 322,233 215,092 537,325 Infrastructure and Telecommunications Service 6,577,523 6,523,298 Global fleet management UPS Foundation 408,110 408,110 Emergency preparedness and response Luxembourg 313,808 313,808 SUBTOTAL 22,618,658 22,405,970 Deployment of standby experts Ireland 218,500 218,500 DIVISION OF HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT Deployment of standby experts RedR Australia 211,500 211,500 Office of the Director 3,740,625 3,632,070 Mosquito nets United Nations Foundation 168,300 168,300 Specialized sections 10,529,216 10,406,773 Forklift trucks Sverige för UNHCR 50,600 50,600 Deployment of standby experts iMMAP 45,500 45,500 SUBTOTAL 14,269,841 14,038,843 Deployment of standby experts United Kingdom 8,500 8,500 Global fleet management Private Donors in Switzerland 2,305 2,305 DIVISION OF FINANCIAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT SUBTOTAL 10,867,809 215,092 11,082,902 Office of the Controller and Director 6,769,746 6,600,442 Specialized sections and services 6,123,087 5,978,942 DIVISION OF EXTERNAL RELATIONS Audit 789,052 789,052 Comprehensive Refugee Response Framework European Union 2,257,798 2,257,798 UN Finance Division 1,111,889 1,111,889 Comprehensive Refugee Response Framework Japan 1,792,436 1,792,436 Headquarters running costs (including security and safety at Headquarters) 15,126,042 14,808,969 Comprehensive Refugee Response Framework Germany 1,306,749 1,306,749 Nansen Refugee Award Switzerland 225,620 225,620 SUBTOTAL 29,919,815 29,289,293 Nansen Refugee Award Norway 103,439 103,439 GLOBAL SERVICE CENTRE (BUDAPEST) Education for All Dutch Postcode Lottery 100,320 100,320 Management Unit 3,616,667 3,550,200 Nansen Refugee Award IKEA Foundation 100,000 100,000 Ombudsman Office 130,082 107,673 Deployment of standby experts Norwegian Refugee Council 90,500 90,500 Division of Financial and Administrative Management 4,198,994 3,949,284 SUBTOTAL 2,877,677 3,099,185 5,976,862 Division of Human Resources Management 17,386,570 17,245,161 DIVISION OF HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT Division of Information Systems and Telecommunications 2,968,467 2,675,000 Renewable energy Norway 403,598 403,598 Division of Emergency, Security and Supply 6,427,398 6,355,853 Prevention of detention of children European Union 148,576 148,576 SUBTOTAL 34,728,179 33,883,171 Global Protection Cluster United States of America 85,600 85,600 SUBTOTAL 637,774 637,774 GLOBAL SERVICE CENTRE (COPENHAGEN) Management Unit 4,667,699 4,442,515 DIVISION OF INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION Albert Einstein German Academic Refugee Germany 17,520,320 17,520,320 SUBTOTAL 4,667,699 4,442,515 Initiative (DAFI) Staff Council 1,085,426 1,069,082 Global Protection and Resettlement United States of America 8,171,302 8,171,302 Quality Integration Project - Resettlement United Kingdom 3,672,939 3,672,939 TOTAL 241,179,100 231,161,109 Education Match Challenge Educate A Child Programme 1,848,813 1,848,813

1 Higher Education Scholarship for Includes allocations from the UN Regular Budget as follows: $43,326,060 (budget) and $43,326,060 (expenditure). Said Foundation 1,109,139 1,109,139 Syrian Refugees Enhancing Resettlement Activities Norway 1,012,025 1,012,025 Funds for solutions activities Denmark 684,000 684,000 Deployment of standby experts Norwegian Refugee Council 267,500 267,500 Emerging Resettlement Countries Joint International Organization for Migration 248,439 248,439 Support Mechanism Higher Education Scholarship for Syrian The Hands Up Foundation 214,805 214,805 Refugees Protection Advisor Switzerland 198,610 198,610

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VOLUNTARY CONTRIBUTIONS TO GLOBAL PROGRAMMES | USD VOLUNTARY CONTRIBUTIONS TO HEADQUARTERS | USD

DONOR PILLAR 1 DONOR PILLAR 1 Refugee Refugee DIVISIONS/DEPARTMENTS DONORS ALL PILLARS TOTAL DIVISIONS/DEPARTMENTS DONORS ALL PILLARS TOTAL programme programme

Higher Education Scholarship for Asfari Foundation 107,403 107,403 HEADQUARTERS OVERALL United Nations 43,399,500 43,399,500 Syrian Refugees SUBTOTAL 43,399,500 43,399,500 Deployment of standby experts Save The Children UK 100,500 100,500 Sustaining the centrality of protection European Union 71,941 71,941 GLOBAL SERVICE CENTER Hungary 2,537,746 2,537,746 in humanitarian action Private donors in the United States of America 47,080 47,080 Relocation of camp (Albania) United Nations Department of Political Affairs 50,000 50,000 European Union 28,109 28,109 Albert Einstein German Academic Refugee KOR NCSOFT Cultural Foundation 33,326 33,326 Initiative (DAFI) SUBTOTAL 75,189 2,537,746 2,612,935 Albert Einstein German Academic Refugee SAP (UK) Ltd. 25,000 25,000 Initiative (DAFI) GLOBAL SERVICE CENTER DENMARK Denmark 2,207,356 2,207,356 Climate change project Monaco 23,697 23,697 SUBTOTAL 2,207,356 2,207,356 Resettlement case law Allen & Overy LLP 16,171 16,171 Albert Einstein German Academic Refugee DIVISION OF INTERNATIONAL Germany 209,071 209,071 Private donors in Korea 11,109 11,109 Initiative (DAFI) PROTECTION United States of America 139,631 139,631 Albert Einstein German Academic Refugee Private donors in the United Kingdom 3,750 3,750 Denmark 75,750 75,750 Initiative (DAFI) SUBTOTAL 215,381 209,071 424,452 SUBTOTAL 35,390,787 35,390,787 REGIONAL BUREAUX United Nations Department of Political Affairs 99,954 99,954 DIVISION OF PROGRAMME SUPPORT AND MANAGEMENT Germany 6,958 6,958 Funds for solutions activities Denmark 1,569,881 1,569,881 SUBTOTAL 106,912 106,912 HIV/AIDS United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS 1,178,580 1,178,580 Transport of Refugee Housing Units Private donors in the United Arab Emirates 1,115,475 1,115,475 DIVISION OF EMERGENCY, United Nations System Chief Executives Board Global Shelter Cluster, and cash-based European Union 893,593 893,593 SECURITY AND SUPPLY for Coordination (CEB) 67,000 67,000 interventions SUBTOTAL 67,000 67,000 Deployment of standby experts Switzerland 870,921 870,921 Alternative to Camps European Union 413,722 413,722 TOTAL 43,863,981 4,954,173 48,818,154 Humanitarian-development nexus Luxembourg 400,035 400,035 Saving new-born lives, and from waste to water Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation 268,867 268,867 Credit Guarantee Facility Sweden 180,986 180,986 Improving nutritional conditions of children La Caixa Banking Foundation 76,886 76,886 (IYCF) Renewable energy IKEA Foundation 19,667 19,667 SUBTOTAL 6,988,614 6,988,614

EXECUTIVE OFFICE Education in emergencies United Kingdom 970,732 970,732 Instant Network Schools Programme United Nations Fund for International Partnerships 292,684 292,684 Connectivity for refugees USA for UNHCR 38,498 38,498 Innovation Vodafone Foundation 3,594 3,594 SUBTOTAL 1,012,824 292,684 1,305,509

GLOBAL PROGRAMME Global programme United States of America 42,240,000 42,240,000 SUBTOTAL 42,240,000 42,240,000

TOTAL 57,775,486 45,846,962 103,622,448

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Safeguarding fundamental rights

© UNHCR/Roger Arnold

Rohingya refugees crossing the border near Anzuman Para village, Palong Khali, Bangladesh. Many factors combine to force families into displacement. While evidence suggests having to flee their homes. These factors the overall commitment to providing include conflict, underdevelopment and all people of concern with protection poverty, natural disasters, climate change resonates today and is deeply embedded and environmental degradation. They also in cultures and religions, translating these include inequality, social and economic traditions of welcome into meaningful exclusion, human rights violations, outcomes for them requires all parts of weak or absent government, resulting society to work together to ensure more in the absence of the rule of law, violent predictable and coordinated responses to extremism, and the activities of organized displacement. It involves the reinforcement crime or gangs. of national protection systems, and the Protecting the rights of people of concern strengthening of the capacity and resilience to UNHCR is considered fundamental of host communities and people of concern to creating sustainable solutions to to UNHCR.

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Guided by its mandate, and by its to rank as important milestones for global Many host countries maintained open Detention monitoring activities increased In 2017, a total 2017–2021 Strategic Directions, UNHCR solidarity and international protection. At a borders during 2017, showing remarkable by 22 per cent during the reporting period, of 20 operations continued in 2017 to seek to shape the time when the principles and standards of commitment and generosity towards and there was a 14 per cent decrease in the worked towards ending child global response to forced displacement refugee protection were being called into those in need of international protection. number of children in detention in the focus detention and the and statelessness. The Office did so by question by some, the Declaration marks an However, protection space shrank in some countries during the same period. implementation of alternatives supporting States to address protection important reaffirmation of the international places, and persistent challenges remained Many asylum systems faced growing to detention. challenges and develop national protection regime, founded on cooperation in responses to more complex, irregular and challenges, either due to the sheer volume protection systems, by placing people and responsibility. mixed movements of people. A growing of applications or in situations where of concern at the centre of its work, and focus on border control, together with This chapter outlines UNHCR’s work in 2017 people seeking legal residence resorted by working across the entire spectrum of damaging narratives around people on the to strengthen national systems and respond to the asylum process because no other displacement, including with IDPs. The move, had a direct impact on refugees. to the protection needs of asylum-seekers, legal pathways were available. The New York Declaration for Refugees and Serious concerns emerged during 2017 refugees, returnees, IDPs and stateless Office supported States to increase the Migrants and the Comprehensive Refugee regarding the approach of a number of persons. efficiency of their asylum procedures while Response Framework (CRRF) continued States towards asylum matters, including maintaining fair systems. It also supported narrowed eligibility for refugee status, States that had either started refugee limited or no access to fair and efficient status determination (RSD) processing or STRENTHENING NATIONAL SYSTEMS asylum procedures and rights, and the significantly increased the volume of RSD 1.9 million wide‑spread use of detention, including of they were undertaking. In addition, UNHCR In 2017, there TOP 10 COUNTRIES OF ORIGIN 2017 TOP 10 COUNTRIES OF ASYLUM 2017 children, for immigration‑related reasons. were an estimated engaged in quality assurance initiatives, 1.9 million claims Prolonged, arbitrary and indefinite together with relevant authorities, to for asylum lodged with States detention of asylum‑seekers and refugees strengthen RSD systems. This included or UNHCR in continued in many countries. It had work in the Americas and Eastern Europe 162 countries or territories. devastating consequences on people of (see regional summaries). To assist RSD

SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC AFGHANISTAN SOUTH SUDAN TURKEY PAKISTAN UGANDA concern, their families and communities, decision‑making, the Office worked with 6.3 MILLION 2.6 MILLION 2.4 MILLION 3.5 MILLION 1.4 MILLION 1.3 MILLION and was also hugely expensive for partners on country of origin information States. UNHCR continued to advocate for products, and issued country‑specific outcomes in line with its “Global strategy– and legal guidance. Separate to States beyond detention 2014-2019” on ending assuming responsibility for RSD, detention. Key priorities for advocacy in 2017, UNHCR also received around 57% 31% included encouraging alternatives to 263,400 direct RSD requests, an increase detention, ending detention of refugee and compared to 2016. The Office also provided migrant children, and ensuring adequate technical advice on addressing security conditions in cases in which detention concerns without undermining refugee Syrian Arab Rep. Afghanistan South Sudan Turkey Pakistan Uganda was a last resort. In addition to this work, protection within asylum procedures. States, partners and UNHCR rolled out joint In recent years, UNHCR has been initiatives that focused on moving beyond deepening its systems approach—working detention. These efforts included a focus with rule of law and governance experts UNHCR’s unique mandate and responsibility international law and standards in the area on protecting and promoting the rights of As of the end of and adopting practices consistent with the continued to make it a leading authority on of forced displacement, including in the children, advocacy, capacity-building, and 2017, close to 140 New York Declaration and the CRRF to countries had legal matters related to forced displacement context of mixed movements of people and monitoring. In some countries, the number national asylum achieve greater inclusion, and to support in 2017. In exercising its responsibility for displacement as a result of climate change of children detained decreased in 2017, laws in place, the development of national plans. implementing supervising international instruments for and disasters. By continuing its strong for example in Malaysia, Thailand and the relevant United Kingdom, while the practice has international the protection of refugees, particularly the advocacy work, UNHCR worked to ensure conventions for 1951 Convention relating to the Status of protection policies and standards had a ended in others, including in Lithuania. the protection of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol—the Office refugees. positive impact on the lives of people of maintained its critical role in developing concern.

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The 2030 Agenda provides compelling UN Police, UN Women and other national Advocate the adoption or revision of laws Supported 80 legislative processes pertaining to refugee protection, the conclusion of consistent with international standards an Arab League convention on refugees and the ongoing revision of legal instruments support for the inclusion of refugees, and international rule of law actors, is also on asylum in the EU. asylum‑seekers, returnees, IDPs and key to wider support the strengthening Filled 19 formal court interventions on the interpretation and application of legal stateless persons in national development of national systems through humanitarian standards for the protection of refugees and asylum-seekers in 9 jurisdictions.

planning. UNHCR maintained its advocacy interventions that are better coordinated Develop, publish and disseminate guidance Issued legal guidance on the applicability of article 1D of the 1951 Convention to with States as well as with development with the work of development actors. on international refugee protection Palestinian refugees, the meaning of migrants in vulnerable situations and people in need of international protection, search-and-rescue operations involving refugees and actors for the inclusion of people of concern The Office continued to advocate States’ migrants at sea, the seizure and search of electronic devices of asylum-seekers, and in national development plans and all other the treatment of refugees recognized under the 1969 OAU Convention. adherence to protection standards by activities related to the SDGs. offering guidance and practical support Work towards ending the detention of Supported 20 focus countries to look at alternatives to detention in line with UNHCR’s asylum-seeking and stateless children, strategy to move beyond detention. Furthermore, UNHCR sought to strengthen and solutions, including in the development monitoring detention conditions and Developed an e-learning package on immigration detention and 2 blended learning promoting alternatives to detention national legal frameworks, for the benefit of comprehensive responses. Following programmes on monitoring immigration detention and reception, care arrangements, of all people of concern, by providing the application of the CRRF, positive legal and alternatives to detention for children and families. governments, international organizations developments were seen in countries Delivered 3 regional workshops for staff and partners in Asia and the Pacific, the Americas and Europe on immigration detention. and legal communities with guidance on rolling it out. This included legislative protection issues, policies and practices. reforms in Djibouti, Kenya and Zambia FAIR PROTECTION PROCESSES AND DOCUMENTATION Achieving positive outcomes for people of that will help ensure more refugees are IMPROVE ACCESS TO AND QUALITY OF STATUS DETERMINATION PROCEDURES. IN 2017, UNHCR: concern requires strengthening cooperation able to access education and employment with a diverse range of actors, including rule opportunities and to enjoy greater freedom Further develop and oversee the Piloted a project in Malawi to assess the capacities of institutions engaged in that implementation of policies, guidance, country’s asylum system. of law and judicial authorities. Collaboration of movement (see the chapter on Expanding standards and procedures relating to RSD Updated key guidance in UNHCR’s manual “Procedural Standards for RSD under on these issues with other UN offices and partnerships). UNHCR’s mandate” and issued new guidance on RSD processing. agencies, such as DPKO, UNDP, UNICEF, Provided legal, procedural and operational guidance to governments, staff and partners on RSD eligibility standards and procedures, including in the areas of exclusion, cancellation, extradition and matters relating to the civilian and humanitarian character of asylum.

AREAS OF INTERVENTION KEY ACHIEVEMENTS Strengthen the capacity of UNHCR RSD Developed a new e-learning programme to serve as induction for new RSD staff. staff and operations, including through Conducted RSD-specific training, including 2 sessions of the RSD learning programme, deployments FAVOURABLE PROTECTION ENVIRONMENT which benefitted 60 staff. Deployed 9 RSD experts to operations. WORK TO DEVELOP OR STRENGTHEN LAW AND POLICY. IN 2017, UNHCR: Rolled out a new interview learning programme in 6 operations, benefiting 126 staff involved in interviewing people for RSD and resettlement purposes. Advocate and enhance the protection Jointly worked with ICRC on maintaining a civilian and humanitarian character to sites and security of people of concern and settlements and contributed to the “Aide-mémoire: operational guidance on Provide decision-makers on asylum claims Published country-specific guidance on Pakistan and the Syrian Arab Republic (Syria), maintaining the civilian and humanitarian character of sites and settlements”. access to up-to-date country-of-origin and other legal and policy documents, as well as, together with partners, country Organized, with the ICRC, a webinar on humanitarian evacuations. information and country-specific policy of origin information products. Updated country of origin information collection on guidance Refworld. Advocate law and policy to protect and Built capacity of its staff and partners on legal and policy issues, including in the area of Launched the RSD Practitioners’ Platform, a new internal electronic community aimed at respect the rights of people of concern human rights and mixed movements; and engaged with regional and national legislative facilitating private cooperation and exchange between RSD staff. and judicial processes, as well as actors. Provided blank convention travel documents to States as a transitional measure, using its existing stock, until States could issue their own. A total of 13 non-State parties established practices to provide travel documents to refugees and stateless persons. Of them, 6 States issued such documents in line with international aviation standards. Made 33 country submissions to the universal periodic review (UPR), 113 to the United Nations Human Rights Treaty Bodies, and 25 oral briefings to these bodies. Organized 12 webinars for staff on how to engage with the UPR and the United Nations Human Rights Treaty Bodies. Prepared 104 country-specific feedback reports on human rights mechanisms’ processes in support of UNHCR’s advocacy.

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ADDRESSING AND RESPONDING TO MIXED MOVEMENTS Representative of the Secretary-General on responding to the needs of victims

© UNHCR/Béla Szandelszky© UNHCR/Béla for International Migration and other of trafficking, as well as guidance on the partners on the complementary of the identification and protection of victims. In two compacts, despite being elaborated the framework of the negotiations related by distinct and independent processes. to the global compact for migration, the Furthermore, the New York Declaration Office issued guidance related to people included commitments that apply to both in need of international protection as well refugees and migrants, including one as on migrants in vulnerable situations. In to intensify international cooperation addition, in early 2017 UNHCR launched a on the strengthening of search-and- campaign to raise awareness of the risks rescue mechanisms. In 2017, UNHCR of crossing the Gulf of Aden and the Red issued general legal considerations on Sea from Africa to Yemen, highlighting search‑and‑rescue missions involving the danger of the journey and insecurity refugees and migrants at sea. upon arrival (see Middle East and Some 45,000 North Africa regional summary). asylum To support States and other actors in applications from addressing mixed movements, UNHCR UNHCR, together with UNICEF and other unaccompanied and separated updated its “10‑point plan of action on partners, continued to provide support at children on the refugee protection and mixed migration”, special “Blue Dots” hubs to refugees and move, mainly Afghans and which provides tools and practical guidance migrants families along the most frequented Syrians, were to help identify and respond to the needs routes to Europe. These hubs provided lodged in 67 of people on the move who are at risk, access to safe, child‑friendly spaces, as countries in 2017. An Italian Coast Guard officer stands on the front of a boat after rescuing sub-Saharan African asylum-seekers during a night operation in the Mediterranean Sea, some 50 nautical miles off the coast of Libya. or have international protection and/or well as private rooms for psychological special needs. This guidance includes and social support, and also offered legal best practices from Europe, and countries counselling, services to restore family links such as Morocco, Sudan and Thailand and an information desk. Human mobility has become increasingly deserts. Smuggling and trafficking were 175,500 complex in recent years. In 2017, mixed significant challenges facing not only Refugees and movements occurred in several regions, refugees and migrants themselves, but also migrants arrived in Europe via sea including across the Mediterranean; from States and societies in 2017. routes from Africa the Great Lakes and the Horn of Africa in 2017. The New York Declaration, which was towards Southern Africa; across the Red adopted in 2016, envisaged relevant Sea and the Gulf of Aden to Yemen; across stakeholders, including UNHCR, would the North of Central America; and across contribute to developing the global Asia and the Pacific. Refugees and migrants compact for safe, orderly and regular faced many of the same risks when migration, as well as to the elaboration of undertaking journeys in search of better non‑binding principles on the treatment opportunities. The routes they used were of migrants in vulnerable situations. fraught with danger, including travel on As a result, UNHCR has continued unseaworthy boats and through scorching working with the Office of the Special

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Responding to the international protection needs of people in Given the scale and complexity of these Seeking to encourage meaningful mixed movements along the central Mediterranean route movements, the High Commissioner discussions between countries of origin appointed a Special Envoy to enhance and destination on key protection issues, Of all mixed-movement situations, and migrants seeking to reach Europe. It coordination and cooperation mechanisms, UNHCR initiated a dialogue with countries The majority of the central Mediterranean route from accounted for the largest number of people refugees and and to support joined‑up approaches to in West Africa and Europe to address migrants arriving sub-Saharan Africa to Italy was one of the crossing to Europe by sea, with Libya the solutions, including through the CRRF. issues such as civil registration and in Italy by sea are most active and dangerous for refugees main point of departure. documentation, transnational programming from sub-Saharan The Special Envoy’s risk mitigation strategy, Africa. In 2017, for victims of trafficking, missing launched in October 2017, has three 11 per cent of the people along the routes, measures for total arrivals were broad objectives and targeted activities in from East and Horn unaccompanied or separated children on countries of origin, transit and destination of Africa, while the move, and diaspora engagement. approximately ARRIVALS TO ITALY BY SEA-DEAD OR MISSING in sub‑Saharan Africa, North Africa and 41 per cent were IN THE CENTRAL MEDITERRANEAN 2017 from West Africa Europe. These are: The last quarter of the year saw progress and 10 per cent as countries of origin increased efforts from North Africa. • Addressing protection risks along to provide their citizens abroad with migration routes in the region. documentation. Anti-trafficking advocacy • Enhancing the protection space in was also central to UNHCR’s efforts transit countries to provide meaningful to reduce risks. UNHCR’s specific 153,842 | 2,913 alternatives to a dangerous journeys. recommendations on anti-trafficking 2015 and assistance to victims of trafficking • Identifying lasting solutions in influenced decisions taken by States and 181,436 | 4,578 cooperation and coordination with led to increased remedial actions in Egypt, 2016 concerned authorities and partners. Niger and Sudan, but extensive work 119,369 | 2,873 remains to be done. 2017

Communicating with communities Stepping up its efforts to address protection risks along mixed migration routes, UNHCR invested in information campaigns and communication with community initiatives, such as the Telling the Real Story project.

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EVACUATIONS FROM LIBYA 2017 RESETTLEMENT NEEDS 2017

PEOPLE OF CONCERN IN NEED OF RESETTLEMENT 277,000 IN 15 PRIORITY COUNTRIES 162 LIBYA ITALY 389 EVACUATIONS 227LIBYA NIGER

Particularly in Niger, UNHCR increased for refugees in Tripoli, increasing UNHCR’s reception capacity and improved service protection and solutions outreach. Refugees provision to asylum‑seekers. Also in and asylum-seekers stranded in Libya Niger, efforts to find lasting solutions for were either evacuated through the ETM in people of concern on the move included Niger through humanitarian evacuations 17,000 the establishment of an emergency sponsored by the Italian Government, or > of which 12% transit mechanism (ETM), to facilitate directly out of Libya for resettlement. IDP the evacuation of extremely vulnerable response in Libya was also enhanced, with asylum-seekers and refugees from Libya significant progress made in implementing for onward resettlement. Libya also made quick impact projects for Libyan IDPs and 260,000 progress, with the authorities allowing the returnees. > of which 3% opening of a transit and departure centre

“Refugee evacuations can only be part of broader asylum-building and migration-management efforts to address the complex movement of migrants and refugees who embark on perilous journeys across the Sahara From a cross‑regional perspective, Overall, despite some success, in many Desert and the Mediterranean Sea. There is a clear need to create more UNHCR stepped up efforts to better countries of origin few, if any, of the drivers regular and safe ways for refugees to find safety and international protection, identify and document mixed-movement for mixed movements were resolved. and to address the root causes and drivers of forced displacement.” issues, including protection incidents This means there was little chance for —Vincent Cochetel, UNHCR Special Envoy for the central Mediterranean route situation along routes. In August 2017, a Central sustainable returns and a high chance of Mediterranean Core Group for enhanced continued outflows. For those with the resettlement and complementary pathways option of repatriation, a lack of reintegration was established, becoming an important assistance was a challenge. For those forum for UNHCR advocacy for meaningful unable to return, solutions beyond voluntary alternatives to dangerous journeys. Nearly repatriation, including resettlement and 17,000 resettlement pledges were received complementary legal pathways such as for the 15 priority countries of asylum for family reunification, were insufficient. the central Mediterranean situation (see the chapter on Building better futures).

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UNDERSTANDING THE NEEDS OF PEOPLE OF CONCERN Registration UNHCR implemented a mobile data

© UNHCR/Sam Jefferies Jefferies © UNHCR/Sam collection tool that yielded invaluable 760,000 UNHCR harmonized data activities and Mobile identity and needs data for the Rohingya technology enhanced interoperable systems for identity refugee emergency response (see the allowed data and case management. As of the end of collection with chapter on Responding with lifesaving the GPS tagging 2017, UNHCR had rolled out its web-based support). The registration exercise enabled of family shelters case management database, proGres in for over 760,000 UNHCR and partners to better understand Rohingya Partnership (proGres v4), in 37 countries. the size and breakdown of the population, refugees in More than 4.4 million refugees and Bangladesh. where people were located, and their asylum-seekers have been biometrically This resulted in protection needs from the onset of the more coordinated, enrolled in 48 countries using UNHCR’s targeted emergency. Such information was key to biometric systems, such as the biometric responses for getting the right aid to the right people. the delivery identity management system (BIMS) or of protection The data collected was also used to IrisGuard. By doing so, UNHCR helped and lifesaving streamline and verify refugee identities assistance. partners and host governments to for the distribution of emergency relief standardize registration and case items. Aggregated data from the exercise management practices. The Office is was also shared with partners to improve currently on track to achieve its Grand evidence‑based planning and programming Bargain commitment of 75 countries and ensure timely protection interventions. benefiting from biometric identity management systems by 2020. UNHCR also Identity management Biometric data is collected during registration with UNHCR in Jakarta, Indonesia. continued discussions with resettlement States, IOM, and WFP on registration UNHCR established itself as a critical data-sharing and the technical interoperability player in identity management and in During flight, some people face heightened Identity management of systems, for greater efficiencies and leveraging digital systems. The Office protection risks and barriers to accessing and registration integrity in processing. (For more information developed and fostered new strategic rights. Among the most vulnerable are on comprehensive solutions, see the chapter partnerships—including with international Access to accurate and up‑to‑date women and children, unaccompanied and on Building better futures). development actors, States, civil society information on people of concern to separated children, survivors of sexual and and private sector service providers. UNHCR is crucial to responding efficiently gender-based violence (SGBV), people These partnerships promoted a shared with targeted humanitarian assistance. In with disabilities, people with diverse understanding of identity and the line with its 2017–2021 Strategic Directions, sexual orientation and gender identity, benefits of identity-related technology in the Office strengthened its position as Innovative cash and minority groups. Protection responses empowering refugees, displaced people an authority on identity management technologies must consider the specific needs and and stateless persons. standards and systems to improve In Jordan, UNHCR and its partners worked capacities of people. To achieve this, in humanitarian and development responses with private sector service providers to support UNHCR joined several World Bank and 2017, UNHCR improved its information and 32,000 vulnerable refugee families, using the to forced displacement. ID2020-convened workshops in Africa, data management to support protection latest technology to ensure that registered including ones focused on identification analysis, longer-term protection and refugees targeted through vulnerability assessments get the right amount of money at systems and digital identity systems. The solutions planning, as well as prioritized the right time. UNHCR employed iris scanning Office also convened its first workshop the protection of people most at risk and during the registration of refugees to verify and on digital identity to explore how using authenticate identities and instantly enrol them promoted gender equality in different digital systems can achieve inclusion regions worldwide. in digital banking. Refugees were then able to access funds without a cash card, meeting their and empowerment, as well as contribute needs with dignity through actions that support towards achieving SDG 16.9 on providing a the local economy. legal status for all by 2030.

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With almost 85 per cent of refugees living and host communities. The centre is Identifying the needs of people of concern in the developing world and more than half intended to build a better informed and Tan © UNHCR/Vivian displaced for over four years, humanitarian more sustainable response to forced interventions need to be complemented displacement, underpinning a coordinated by a longer‑term development response, humanitarian‑development approach. It including in the area of data management. builds on UNHCR’s role as the reference The World Bank and UNHCR have joined institution for refugee data and incorporates forces to establish a joint data centre on the World Bank’s analytical expertise and forced displacement to improve statistics experience helping national governments on displaced people, stateless persons improve statistical capacity.

AREAS OF INTERVENTION KEY ACHIEVEMENTS

FAVOURABLE PROTECTION ENVIRONMENT

IMPROVE OR MAINTAIN QUALITY OF REGISTRATION AND PROFILING. IN 2017, UNHCR:

Improve registration and case management Deployed its latest registration and case management software, proGres in Partnership software (proGres v4), to 25 operations in 2017, through regional workshops for Western Europe and the Americas.

Improve identity management Deployed BIMS to 17 operations, further supporting the implementation of a unique identity for people of concern. UNHCR staff counsel separated refugee children among the new arrivals in Nayapara camp in Bangladesh. Rolled out the global distribution tool in Burundi, Djibouti and Kenya, which verifies a beneficiary’s biometric identity against entitlement documents before WFP partners distribute assistance. UNHCR applies a community‑based people with disabilities and older people With WFP, worked on a global data-sharing addendum to explore the sharing of approach to protecting people of concern, in accessing services, and has also biographical and biometric data, as well as seek interoperability between UNHCR’s PRIMES and WFP’s SCOPE systems. such as those with specific needs, and improved their ability to participate in Supported Rwanda and Uganda in strengthening identity management systems at emphasizes clear communication and community activities. In other settings, the registration and assistance distribution by using UNHCR tools and processes. transparency, participation and inclusion, Office worked in partnership with local Initiated discussions on e-submissions with several resettlement States and started feedback and response, and organizational disability organizations on rehabilitation consultations on the development of a standard data transfer system from UNHCR’s central database to allow automated and controlled transfer of data to States in the learning and adaptation as core and development projects for children with context of resettlement submissions. components. Community‑based protection disabilities. Provided access to biometric verification of refugees to IOM in Kenya at the point of empowers communities to exercise their resettlement processing for departures. Children constitute more than 50 per cent rights with dignity and safety. For example, of the world’s refugees, compared to Provide support to registration activities Invested heavily in emergency registration preparedness, capacity-building and in 2017, UNHCR’s community‑based in the field response, by facilitating its third training session on emergency registration. 31 per cent of the general global population, initiatives included support to community Facilitated institutional training on emergency registration and deployed 7 graduates to and are disproportionately affected by centres meeting the needs of diverse Angola, Bangladesh and Uganda to support registration activities. forced displacement. In 2017, UNHCR Provided registration materials from its stockpile to support emergencies and groups and delivery, with partners, of strengthened its protection programme conducted verification activities in the field. outreach volunteer programmes. Facilitated a pilot workshop on strategic approaches to registration with 11 operations in for children, adolescents and youth by the Asia and the Pacific, to strengthen access to and delivery of registration and identity UNHCR developed and implemented focusing on their inclusion in national management for people of concern. a range of community-based initiatives protection systems, continuing to apply the Drafted a policy and guidance on identity management and registration. with a focus on enhancing the protection “best interests of the child” principle, and Established a toolkit of templates and sample resources, and planning and implementation tools for verification exercises. This included a comprehensive reporting and monitoring of people with disabilities. Initiatives improving community‑based approaches to tool to analyse the effectiveness of verification activities on data quality and use. included work to build the capacity of child protection and youth programming, as service providers, strengthening their well as adolescent and youth programming ability to deliver inclusive services. This in forced displacement contexts. work has helped reduce barriers for

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Implementing the best interests presented recommendations related to Action plans included improving reception respond to the specific needs of LGBTI principle was also a global strategic the development of the global compact conditions for LGBTI people through people, including safe identification and priority for UNHCR. After consultation on refugees at the High Commissioner’s sensitization work with staff, partners referral of at‑risk cases. In some countries, with stakeholders, the Office revised Protection Dialogue in December 2017. and interpreters; creation of safe spaces, partnerships with local LGBTI organizations its “Guidelines on determining the best Reflecting the fact that young people are awareness raising and advocacy with were expanded, and training on sexual interests of the child”. the future leaders of global responses displaced communities and local authorities orientation and gender identity were for the rights of LGBTI people; and Building on the outcomes of the 2016 to displacement, the Office invested in also developed to include partners. In establishing referral mechanisms and global refugee youth consultations, UNHCR youth‑focused capacity‑building efforts. other countries, UNHCR worked with networks to exchange protection practices strengthened its focus on adolescents This included providing selected youth with LGBTI groups to share best practices on and tools. and youth programming. In 2017, the access to specialist training programmes supporting LGBTI people. The Office also Office established a global youth advisory and encouraging their involvement in Given the sensitivity of dealing with LGBTI published a report on promising practices made up of 15 youth delegates aged community outreach initiatives. issues in some countries of asylum, UNHCR related to gender in its work with Syrian between 18 and 25. These delegates focused on mainstreaming protection refugees in the Middle East and North response to LGBTI people within existing Africa. This report included a section services. Countries also created networks exploring good practices in working with and focal point systems of trained staff to LGBTI people in this context. © UNHCR/Jean-Marc Ferré © UNHCR/Jean-Marc Give us a chance to build a brighter future, young refugees say More than a dozen youth delegates from countries as diverse as the Islamic Republic of Iran, Iraq and South Sudan took part in a high-level meeting in Geneva in December 2017. Some 500 representatives from governments, local authorities, civil society, private companies, academics, international organizations and financial institutions gathered for the tenth annual High AREAS OF INTERVENTION KEY ACHIEVEMENTS Commissioner’s Dialogue on Protection Challenges in December 2017. The two-day forum gave young refugees the opportunity to address Safia Ibrahimkhel, 25, an Afghan refugee policymakers and share their views and experiences, in particular on born in Pakistan, participated as a youth COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT AND SELF-RELIANCE the importance of access to education for young refugees. delegate at the High Commissioner’s Dialogue on Protection Challenges. STRENGTHEN AND EXPAND COMMUNITY MOBILIZATION. IN 2017, UNHCR: Some delegates stressed the importance of giving young refugees the chance to participate in the decisions that will affect their lives. One of Strengthen capacity to design, implement, Rolled out community-based protection learning programmes targeting, in particular, them was Safia Ibrahimkhel, 25, an Afghan refugee born and raised monitor and evaluate protection and West Africa and Eastern and Southern Europe. assistance programmes, in close in Pakistan. “I don’t just speak as a youth, but as a female refugee,” Equipped 46 staff with the knowledge, skills and practical resources needed to apply collaboration with people of concern she said. “Young refugees and women … should have the opportunity an effective, community-based approach to protection in their operations. to take part in the decision making … we have the capacity, we have Strengthen UNHCR’s participatory Piloted the accountability to affected population (AAP) framework and operational the potential … we are intelligent, and we have the power to make a approach and mechanism for guidance and integrated it into several learning programmes, as well as in the updated positive change in the world.” accountability to affected population AGD policy that will be issued in 2018. Supported 11 countries with the development and implementation of accountability mechanisms. Developed AAP training resources and incorporated them into new and existing Forcibly displaced lesbian, gay, bisexual, to protect LGBTI people of concern by protection training programmes. transgender and intersex (LGBTI) people delivering training to raise awareness are another group at heightened risk among staff of their specific needs. The of discrimination and violence. UNHCR Office also delivered an intensive LGBTI continued to develop guidance to learning programme in three locations, ensure LGBTI people of concern have reaching a total of 62 staff members from safe, dignified and equitable access to 37 countries and resulting in action plans protection, assistance and solutions. In to strengthen LGBTI protection in each of 2017, the Office strengthened efforts these respective office locations.

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BASIC NEEDS AND ESSENTIAL SERVICES Promoting gender equality In addition, UNHCR continued to strengthen its community-based approach As part of its age, gender and diversity STRENGTHEN SERVICES FOR PEOPLE WITH SPECIFIC NEEDS. IN 2017, UNHCR: to encourage female participation in (AGD) approach, UNHCR made progress Strengthen capacity to address specific Organized a “training of trainers” programme on LGBTI protection with 12 staff from decision‑making activities. As part of this protection needs of LGBTI people 5 regions and headquarters. in promoting and advancing gender of concern work, the Office regularly held community Delivered nearly 350 training sessions on working with LGBTI people of concern in equality in its work. In 2017, UNHCR meetings in the field with women and girls countries. Training was provided by 22 UNHCR staff members who were certified LGBTI finalized core actions targeting women trainers. to improve communication and to conduct and girls of concern, to be included in the Helped foster good practices in responding to the needs of LGBTI people through the participatory needs assessments. UNHCR delivery to 3 cohorts of a specialized training programme and the establishment of an updated age, gender and diversity policy continued to mainstream the inclusion online community of practice. This community of practice helped facilitate peer learning that will be released in 2018. The Office through the exchange of ideas between humanitarian and protection workers around of women and girls in decision-making the world. also started developing and strengthening processes; ensure individual registration Shared good practices from the field, such as: safe approaches to identification of LGBTI its gender focal points system, in line with for females; and worked to prevent and people of concern; creation of safe places; establishment of referral pathways; inclusion the UN system-wide action plan on gender and participation of LGBTI people in assessments; and provision of appropriate medical respond to SGBV (see the chapter on and psycho-social support. equality and the empowerment of women Responding with lifesaving support). (UN-SWAP). This was done through the Strengthen capacity to address specific Developed an e-learning programme for staff working with people with disabilities in Despite important progress made in 2017, protection needs of people with disabilities situations of forced displacement to: strengthen understanding of, and promote a development and delivery of a gender challenges and barriers to achieving rights-based approach to, working with people with disabilities; and to improve their equality learning programme, and the accessibility to, and full participation and inclusion in, the services provided by the Office. equality remained, primarily due to societal initiation of an e‑learning programme on attitudes that are often difficult to change. gender equality, as well as development SECURITY FROM VIOLENCE AND EXPLOITATION Progress towards overcoming this challenge of guidance to support the roll‑out of an is slow, as beliefs and engrained societal STRENGTHEN PROTECTION OF CHILDREN. IN 2017, UNHCR: updated age, gender and diversity policy. expectations often require incremental Strengthen programming for adolescents Supported 31 youth-initiated projects, through UNHCR’s youth initiative fund. change. and youth Implemented projects in 22 countries, of which 14 were explicitly designed with a focus on promoting gender equality or preventing and responding to SGBV. Strengthen child protection response Deployed child protection staff to 14 operations worldwide, with those staff providing COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT AND SELF-RELIANCE in emergencies a combined total of 108 months of expertise.

Trained over 300 staff and partners, government officials and refugee volunteers on SUPPORT AND STRENGTHEN THE CAPACITY AND KNOWLEDGE ON GENDER EQUALITY. IN 2017, UNHCR: child rights and child protection prevention and response. Develop and implement gender equality Consolidated work on updating UNHCR’s Commitments to Women, and included it in Supported the implementation of best interests procedures, including in the policy updating UNHCR’s age, gender and diversity policy. Islamic Republic of Iran and Uganda and to rapidly scale-up the child protection response in Bangladesh. Develop and implement gender equality Started working on the development of gender equality guidance to support the guidance and good practices implementation of an updated age, gender and diversity policy that will be released Strengthen capacity for the protection Developed and disseminated operational tools, including thematic issue briefs on child in 2018. of children protection and organized 2 regional workshops on child protection learning programmes, which were attended by 43 UNHCR staff in the Americas and West Africa. Released the 2016 age, gender and diversity accountability report. Organized training events at global, regional and country level, including a joint training Conducted research, documented and published promising practices on gender session by UNHCR and Save the Children on child protection and education in refugee equality in the Middle East and North Africa. settings, held in Kenya. Undertook a promising practices review on gender equality in Asia and the Pacific.

Provide gender equality capacity-building Carried out surveys and identified learning needs to identify gender focal points. to UNHCR staff Launched a pilot gender equality learning programme for gender focal points in October 2017. Continued to work and develop the gender equality e-learning programme that will be launched in 2018.

Provide gender equality technical expertise Supported a number of countries to strengthen their gender equality efforts through gender focal points from the first gender equality learning programme global cohort. Gender focal points from diverse countries, such as Afghanistan, Morocco, Rwanda and the United Republic of Tanzania, were included and worked on strengthening gender equality programming in their countries.

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ENDING STATELESSNESS Notwithstanding these positive the International Conference on the Great

© UNHCR/Roger Arnold © UNHCR/Roger developments, 25 countries worldwide Lakes Region (ICGLR) adopted a ministerial still maintain this form of gender declaration and plan of action, which discrimination in their nationality laws. will pave the way for significant reforms in ICGLR’s Member States. Building on UNHCR’s partnership with ECOWAS led existing collaboration, UNHCR and the to the adoption of a legally binding plan of Arab League achieved the adoption of a action on the eradication of statelessness, “A stateless person declaration on women’s equal nationality the “Banjul Plan of Action of the ECOWAS rights. can not own property. on the Eradication of Statelessness I feel belittled and 2017–2024”. With the Office’s support, disgraced by the

situation that I am in.” Arnold © UNHCR/Roger Stateless minorities: the Makonde of Kenya receive nationality, ending a stateless existence The Makonde, originating from Mozambique, have lived in Kenya since the 1930s. But although many Makonde families have been in Kenya since before independence in 1963, they have not been recognized as citizens. Without national IDs, they have often struggled to earn a living, have been unable to travel, own property, or obtain birth and Shaame Hamisi, 55 years old, Pemba community, Kenya. marriage certificates. Their statelessness has been passed from one Julieta Metambili Rashid is one of generation to the next, and Makonde children have been unable to Statelessness is a human-made problem laws and procedures to facilitate the several thousand Makonde people who graduate from school or be considered for scholarships. However, received Kenyan nationality after years after decades of lobbying, the future of the Makonde and other with devastating consequences, as recently acquisition of nationality, or implementing of statelessness. stateless minority groups in Kenya became brighter when, in 2017, the demonstrated by the violence and abuse statelessness determination procedures President issued a directive recognizing them as the 43rd Kenyan tribe, that drove hundreds of thousands of to identify and protect stateless persons. leading to their registration as Kenyan citizens. Rohingya to seek refuge in Bangladesh. In 2017, Burkina Faso and Luxembourg “My life has changed since I got an ID card,” says Julieta, one of With sufficient political will and support acceded to the 1961 Convention on the several thousand Makonde people being issued identity papers and Kenyan nationality after years of statelessness. by States, millions of people around the Reduction of Statelessness, bringing to world could acquire a nationality and 70 the number of States parties to this The Government’s recognition of the Makonde offers hope that change may be coming for other minority ethnic groups in Kenya prevent their children from being born Convention, and Chile and Haiti took steps who remain stateless and for other millions around the world without stateless. By obtaining nationality, towards acceding to the same convention nationality. Many of these stateless persons belong to an ethnic, stateless persons worldwide would gain during the year. religious or linguistic minority in countries where many have often full access to their human rights and enjoy lived for generations. With technical support from UNHCR, a a sense of belonging. UNHCR’s #IBelong UNHCR released a report on stateless minorities, “This is our home: significant number of States strengthened Stateless Minorities and their Search for Citizenship”, to mark the third Campaign to end statelessness by 2024 their nationality laws to help prevent or anniversary of the #IBelong campaign. Its findings underscore the sets out concrete steps for States to critical need for minorities to enjoy the right to a nationality. reduce statelessness. Madagascar and help resolve this problem. Sierra Leone amended their nationality laws to allow mothers to confer nationality UNHCR supported Achieving solutions some 56,500 to their children on an equal basis to stateless persons During the past three years, several States fathers. Four additional States—Liberia, to acquire or confirm nationality and regional organizations increased their Somalia, Sudan and Togo—are also in the in 29 countries resolve to end statelessness by acceding process of reviewing their legislation in in 2017. to the statelessness conventions, adopting this regard.

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Deepening partnerships designed to support the implementation of FAVOURABLE PROTECTION ENVIRONMENT to end statelessness SDG 16.9, which calls for a legal identity for all, including birth registration, by 2030. DEVELOP OR STRENGTHEN LAW AND POLICY. IN 2017, UNHCR: A number of States, engaged as “Friends of In 2017, data on Advocate reform of nationality laws, Provided technical advice and guidance on nationality laws to 47 countries, to support stateless persons the #IBelong Campaign”, have taken action These, and other strategic partnerships, will policies and procedures to close gaps the legal reforms needed to prevent and reduce statelessness. that may lead to statelessness and to was available from be crucial in rallying support for a high‑level Welcomed the adoption of procedures providing facilitated naturalization to stateless to address statelessness, by advocating ensure that stateless persons can acquire 75 countries. persons by Brazil, Costa Rica and Ecuador. or by adopting Human Rights Council event to be held on statelessness in nationality, also providing technical advice resolutions related to nationality and 2019—the midpoint of the 10‑year #IBelong to governments on doing so statelessness. After the launch of a joint Campaign. At this event it is expected that Advocate the introduction or improvement Supported Brazil and Bulgaria as they established statelessness determination UNHCR-UNICEF campaign on every child’s progress to date will be reviewed and new of statelessness determination procedures procedures. and provide technical advice to right to a nationality in December 2016, pledges encouraged to further prevent and governments on doing so which aimed to raise awareness about and reduce statelessness by 2024. Advocate the elimination of gender Provided technical advice to Madagascar and Sierra Leone to introduce law reforms combat the hidden problem of childhood UNHCR also worked to improve data discrimination in nationality laws and to eliminate gender discrimination from nationality laws. provide technical advice to governments statelessness, a dozen countries adopted Supported the outcome statement from the First Arab Conference on Good Practices and collection on statelessness globally. In on doing so joint statelessness strategies in 2017. Under Regional Opportunities to Strengthen Women’s Nationality Rights, October 2017. 2017, four new studies were concluded. the ID4D Initiative, UNHCR worked with Another 30 were commissioned to improve ACCESS TO, RATIFY OR STRENGTHEN INTERNATIONAL AND REGIONAL INSTRUMENTS. IN 2017, UNHCR: the World Bank on principles for identifying qualitative information on stateless persons. Promote accession to the 1954 Convention Supported Burkina Faso and Luxembourg in acceding to the 1961 Convention. stateless persons. These principles were Relating to the Status of Stateless Persons Worked with ECOWAS Member States which adopted the Banjul Plan of Action on the and the 1961 Convention on the Reduction eradication of statelessness. The plan includes steps for States that are yet to become of Statelessness party to the statelessness conventions, to accede by 2024. Supported Member States of the ICGLR who adopted an “Action Plan of the International Conference on the Great Lakes Region On the Eradication of Statelessness 2017-2019” in October 2017. The plan of action includes steps for States that are yet to become party to the statelessness conventions, to accede. © UNHCR/Niko Ivanovski © UNHCR/Niko Goodwill Ambassador support FAIR PROTECTION PROCESSES AND DOCUMENTATION

Goodwill Ambassadors helped to raise awareness of the importance IMPROVE IDENTIFICATION OF STATELESSNESS. IN 2017, UNHCR: of safeguarding fundamental rights, by lending their voices to UNHCR’s campaigns. Poet and activist Emi Mahmoud, a high profile Support identification/registration exercises Conducted 4 country studies in Austria, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Zambia, and surveys to increase knowledge of the with partners, to collect qualitative information on stateless populations. UNHCR supporter, drew attention to the #IBelong campaign by number of stateless persons, their situation Supported 30 States and 2 regions—East and Horn of Africa, and Western Europe—in performing a slam poem to commemorate the campaign’s third and possible solutions anniversary and the launch of a new report on statelessness undertaking qualitative studies on statelessness, with a number of them including a quantitative component. by UNHCR. Advocate and provide technical advice for Made available statistical data on 75 countries. improved statistics on stateless persons ‘’What makes a person? Is it the things we UNHCR high profile supporter Emi Mahmoud performing at the third lose, the way we crumble, the way we fall anniversary of the #IBelong Campaign DURABLE SOLUTIONS as if each time is the first and last time?’’ event in Amsterdam, Netherlands. ACHIEVE GREATER REDUCTION OF STATELESSNESS. IN 2017, UNHCR: —Emi Mahmoud, a UNHCR high profile supporter Assist stateless persons and those with Supported 56,500 stateless persons to acquire nationality or have it confirmed. undetermined nationality to acquire or confirm nationality

Develop and implement strategies Guided operations to have statelessness reflected in 18 multi-year solution strategies to to address protected situations of address protracted situations of statelessness. statelessness

Provide training and technical advice to Conducted 2 dedicated courses on statelessness at the International Institute of government officials on statelessness Humanitarian Law in San Remo, Italy, one in English and one in Arabic, and supported reduction measures, including acquisition a dedicated course at Tilburg University in the Netherlands. or confirmation of nationality by stateless Conducted 6 training sessions on the prevention of statelessness in Southern Africa, persons and those with undetermined West Africa (Portuguese) and French-speaking African countries, as well as in the nationality Americas and Europe. Trained members of parliaments in Namibia, South Africa and Swaziland.

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ENGAGING IN SITUATIONS OF INTERNAL DISPLACEMENT the Office provided capacity-building and TOP 10 LARGEST IDP OPERATIONS 2017

© UNHCR/Colin Delfosse technical guidance to States, as well as advocated alignment of national laws and policy with the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement. These efforts helped lead to positive developments in national IDP law and policy in ten different operations, in COLOMBIA SYRIA DRC particular in Afghanistan, Georgia, Honduras, 7.7 MILLION 6.1 MILLION 4.5 MILLION Mali, Niger, Somalia and Ukraine.

To help meet the Grand Bargain commitments, UNHCR focused on helping reduce protracted displacement in a safe and dignified manner. In 2017, 4.2 million 45% IDPs returned to their areas of origin— this number was lower than in 2016 (6.5 million), but considerable higher than 2015 (2.3 million). However, many of these

returns took place to hazardous security Colombia Syria DRC situations, and did not constitute a durable solution as defined by UNHCR. In such circumstances, UNHCR operations provided Faiza (centre, in purple), 31, from Manono village in Tanganyika province in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, sits among a group of Congolese women who established a site for IDPs at EP Moni primary school in Kalemie. protection monitoring and information to communities at risk, including during returns data collection through work on a technical to Mosul in Iraq. report on IDP statistics for national According to the Internal Displacement 2017, 90 per cent of UNHCR’s operational In 2017, two statistical commissions. An example of additional States Monitoring Center, an estimated interventions were aligned with the “IDP Solutions require a strong evidence base. acceded to the UNHCR’s work on IDP solutions was in 40 million people were displaced within Footprint” set out in the guidelines. UNHCR UNHCR supported the implementation African Union Honduras, where UNHCR supported that Convention for their countries at the end of 2017, showed protection leadership in States in 2017 of an IASC framework on durable the Protection and government to register homes abandoned decreasing from 40.3 million in 2016. As the affected by active conflict, such as the solutions for IDPs. Assistance of IDPs by IDPs and eventually provide restitution in Africa—known global lead or co-lead for three clusters— Central African Republic, Iraq and Syria. The Office also encouraged the for the property through capacity-building as the Kampala protection, shelter, and camp coordination Throughout the year, the Office and partners Convention— involvement of diverse stakeholders in on data systems for land ownership. bringing the and camp management (CCCM)—UNHCR took stock of its operational experiences number of States plays a significant role in responding to in active conflict zones through roundtable Parties to 27 of the AU’s 55 Member internal displacement. Responding to discussions, including a roundtable jointly States. this continued high level of displacement, organized by UNHCR and ICRC on the Strengthening UNHCR’s engagement in internal displacement situations and in line with the 2030 Agenda for civilian and humanitarian character of sites In its 2017-2021 Strategic Directions, UNHCR committed to working more systematically across the entire spectrum of displacement, Sustainable Development Goals, including its and settlements, and a second roundtable including through a more decisive and predictable engagement in situations of internal displacement. In September 2017, the Office commitment to “leave no one behind”, the completed an operational review of its engagement in situations of internal displacement, following which the High Commissioner on civil-military coordination for protection appointed a Special Adviser on Internal Displacement. The role of the Special Adviser was to coordinate the implementation of the Office promoted and supported national, that provided a set of agreed good practices review’s recommendations, supported by a dedicated team at Headquarters. regional and global action towards reducing for field operations. The review recommended transformations in UNHCR’s work with IDPs from preparedness and emergency response through to displacement and empowering IDPs to disengagement and solutions. It also called for fundamental changes to internal processes, practices, capacities and institutional UNHCR worked with national governments achieve solutions. culture across UNHCR, with a strong focus on strengthening delivery in the field. to help them develop and implement law In October 2017, the Special Adviser worked with the UNHCR operation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) to ensure UNHCR’s engagement in situations of and polices to safeguard the rights of, and a more automatic and robust response to the declaration of the most serious level of emergency situation (system-wide Level-3 internal displacement has become more find solutions for, those displaced within emergency declaration). This included piloting new approaches to IDP population data management together with IOM. During a predictable through the implementation national borders. Working with the Special mission to the Philippines in December 2017, the Special Adviser highlighted the need for UNHCR to develop its operational strategy and work with national institutions and local actors in a way that will facilitate responsible engagement in the future. of new guidelines agreed in 2016. In Rapporteur on the human rights of IDPs,

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Guided by its revised operations cell, the to adapt camp management approaches to Global Protection Cluster Global Camp Coordination and In 2017, UNHCR GPC built the capacity of national clusters, Camp Management Cluster various operational contexts. The strategic completed The Global Protection Cluster (GPC), led The GPC and in particular through coordination and advisory group of the Global CCCM Cluster nine CCCM its task teams by UNHCR, worked within the established The Global CCCM Cluster is led by UNHCR field missions advocacy support, the development of was renewed; ACTED, the Danish Refugee in support of undertook 15 coordination arrangements at the global in conflict situations and by IOM in natural field missions in protection strategies, providing advice Council, NRC and LWF remained members. six countries, support of nine and field levels. In 2017, UNHCR led 25 of disasters. It supported 15 country‑level totalling 385 on the design and implementation of days, including countries in 2017, the 35 activated, country-level protection clusters and cluster‑like structures worldwide The Global CCCM cluster partner agencies including to IASC programmes, and training. Throughout to co-activate the system-wide clusters and other inter-agency protection in 2017, with UNHCR leading or co‑leading responded to major emergencies called CCCM cluster in the year, the GPC drew attention to the Somalia. Level-3 and coordination mechanisms worldwide. Five 10 of them. upon by the United Nations Emergency Relief UNHCR Level 2 causes and consequences of violations of national protection clusters were co-led with Coordinator, and where the scale of the crisis emergencies. international humanitarian law in situations The Global CCCM Cluster continued to a government counterpart or a United Nations was beyond the response capacity of national of hunger. The cluster also highlighted set global standards and policies, build organization, with nine more co-facilitated authorities. It also developed a new five-year the humanitarian response’s narrow focus preparedness and response capacity, and by international NGOs—including the Danish strategy for 2017-2021 focusing on people- on food security and nutrition in the DRC provide operational support to country-level Refugee Council, the Norwegian Refugee centred camp management and coordination, (focusing on the Kasai situation), Nigeria, CCCM coordination platforms to enable Council (NRC) and IRC. The GPC worked information- and feedback-driven responses, Somalia, South Sudan and Yemen. them to fulfil their core functions. Cluster closely with UNFPA, UNICEF, UNMAS, strategic and inclusive support, representatives travelled to specific and the NRC as the lead organizations As part of efforts to ensure a coherent and collaboration with other clusters countries to gather lessons learned from responsible for, respectively, child protection; comprehensive approach to protection, the and partners, and responses that the implementation of the CCCM urban gender-based violence; mine action; and GPC produced an annual review of action were fit-for-purpose. displacement and out-of-camp initiative, while housing, land and property. that promoted the centrality of protection. cluster members developed guidance on how The report, published in February 2017, Guided by its 2016‑2019 strategic set out good practices from six operations framework, the GPC strengthened and detailed recommendations for innovative approaches to protection, such humanitarian coordinators and humanitarian as cash-based interventions, protection country teams. The task team launched an information management and social media. e‑learning on protection mainstreaming. To improve field coordination capacities Echoing the recommendations of the Global Shelter Cluster UNHCR, in partnership with IFRC through The GSC “Independent whole of system review of The GPC also improved information supported The Global Shelter Cluster (GSC) is co‑led by the GSC, co‑led two humanitarian shelter national clusters protection in the context of humanitarian management to support evidence‑based UNHCR during conflict-related emergencies coordination training sessions. with 306 days of mission support action”, the GPC launched a scoping study responses through surge capacity and by the IFRC during natural disasters. deployments, including information and 313 days of for a protection innovation lab. The study’s In 2017, UNHCR led 12 and co-led one of the The GSC reviewed its previous five‑year remote support findings recommended establishing a GPC provided on the GPC website. strategy ahead of its conclusion in 2017 in to 12 UNHCR-led 28 activated country-level shelter clusters. country level protection lab. The protection innovation UNHCR supported the coordination of order to inform its new strategy developed clusters. lab is expected to be established in 417 partners providing shelter and NFI support for the 2018–2022 period. This new cluster 2018 and will assist in identifying and to more than 8 million people. strategy guides cluster partners’ actions scaling-up innovative processes to to support crisis-affected people, and to protection challenges. To facilitate sector coordination within assist them to live in safe, dignified and countries and on a global scale, UNHCR appropriate shelter and settlements through hosted the annual GSC coordination coordination, advocacy and support to workshop—bringing together increased response capacity. One of the 122 participants from 38 different most important undertakings during the final organizations—and a GSC meeting, months of 2017 for GSC and UNHCR was to providing a forum for shelter cluster engage in the revision of SPHERE standards. coordination teams and GSC partners to share best practices and develop tools and methodologies.

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ENGAGING IN CLIMATE CHANGE AND DISASTER DISPLACEMENT and regional instruments such as the 1969 to implement the Sendai Framework on

© UNHCR/ Mustafa Saeed Saeed Mustafa © UNHCR/ OAU convention. The Office also supported Disaster Risk Reduction provisions on the preparation of a Human Rights Council disaster displacement. The Office also resolution on human rights, climate change, provided technical and policy support to migrants and people displaced across the UNFCCC in its capacity as a member international borders, which was adopted in of the Task Force on Displacement of the June 2017. Warsaw International Mechanism on Loss and Damage, which was created by COP21 UNHCR continued to support the in Paris 2016 to develop recommendations coordination entities established in for approaches to avert, minimize and 2016, such as the Platform on Disaster address displacement associated with Displacement, including through climate change. developing a guide with NRC and IOM

Maryama Yassin Mohamed, an IDP woman in Somaliland, was forced to move to Wajaale district with her family due to the severe drought.

The Internal Displacement Monitoring In 2017, UNHCR’s priority was advancing Centre estimated more than 18.8 million normative solutions, promoting policy new internal displacements associated with coherence and developing tools to support disasters were recorded in 135 countries national responses, including in the areas and territories in 2017. The effects of of climate change, disaster risk reduction, climate change and disasters continued to human rights and planned relocation. In a exacerbate already fragile situations and UNHCR report on climate change, disasters fuelled conflicts over depleted resources. and displacement, the Office emphasized the need for an agency-wide approach to addressing climate change and disaster related displacement. In April 2017, UNHCR issued specific legal advice entitled “Legal considerations on refugee protection for people fleeing conflict and famine affected UNHCR countries”. This advice reaffirmed the CLIMATE CHANGE, DISASTERS & AND DISPLACEMENT Guy S Goodwin-Gill and Jane McAdam, 2017 relevance, and analyses the applicability, of refugee definitions under international

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© UNHCR/Andrew McConnell

Rohingya refugees cross the Naf River from Myanmar on makeshift rafts, heading for refugee camps in Teknaf, Bangladesh. With 71.4 million people of concern in 2017, the Office fully deployed its emergency UNHCR and its partners responded to preparedness and response capabilities the needs of refugees, IDPs and stateless under the framework of its new Policy on persons in multiple simultaneous and Emergency Preparedness and Response, complex emergencies worldwide, as well which was issued in July 2017. To better as in protracted conflicts. protect and assist people of concern from By the end of 2017, more than the onset of emergencies, UNHCR raised 30 UNHCR operations were responding its operational delivery and coordination in to 13 large-scale emergencies. These countries experiencing new or deteriorating included six new emergencies declared situations of displacement. The Office also in Angola, Bangladesh, the Republic of bolstered its response by deploying staff the Congo, the Democratic Republic of skilled in protection, coordination and the Congo (DRC), Libya, Zambia, and technical profiles such as registration; in for the Venezuela situation. As a result, the prevention of, and response to, sexual

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and gender-based violence (SGBV); shelter; to improve emergency preparedness, Preparing for emergencies and response, including to determine risk, health; and water, sanitation and hygiene including by expanding its cash-based improve preparedness plans, and enhance Over the past three years, UNHCR has (WASH). interventions (CBIs), and helping people local response capacity. strengthened its emergency preparedness meet their basic shelter, health, nutrition, In line with the Comprehensive Refugee capacity, making investments to ensure food, and WASH needs. UNHCR enhanced its coordination, Response Framework (CRRF), UNHCR’s a faster and more efficient response particularly in refugee situations, and focus was on providing holistic support This chapter outlines UNHCR’s response to grounded in sound risk assessment. Efforts continued to explore ways it could involve to meet the immediate needs of people emergencies in 2017, and its search for, and have involved working with local partners— development actors earlier in emergency of concern and their host communities use of, innovative practices. It highlights the governments, civil society and other responses. In the course of 2017, technical and linking the response to solutions progress made and challenges the Office stakeholders—to prepare for influxes of guidance and capacity‑building initiatives early on. Implementing its Grand Bargain faced in providing lifesaving assistance people displaced by conflict and to respond were developed for UNHCR staff, partners commitments, UNHCR worked with local to people of concern during multiple, to their immediate needs (see the chapter and host government representatives, authorities, communities and partners simultaneous emergencies. on Expanding partnerships). in line with the refugee coordination model. Preparing for emergencies involves Joint regional planning and analysis, conducting assessments for possible CBIs, and national protection and solutions prepositioning relief items, and providing EMERGENCYEMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE AND | 2017 RESPONSE strategies for IDPs and refugees were also emergency preparedness training to local developed under the leadership of regional actors. UNHCR continued its investment refugee coordinators. in risk analysis and collaborated with 55.3M 31 1.2M In 2017, UNHCR issued five regional The RRPs provide PROVIDED IN CORE RELIEF ITEMS COUNTRIES PEOPLE REACHED other agencies, including at regular global a comprehensive “horizon scanning” sessions organized refugee response plans (RRPs), covering picture of 19 countries. These plans were created in identified needs, DECLARATIONS by the Inter‑Agency Standing Committee impact on host TURKEY EMERGENCIES DECLARED BEFORE 2017 (IASC) Reference Group on Risk, Early partnership with host governments, United communities, SYRIA LEBANON and operational NEW EMERGENCIES IRAQ Warning and Preparedness. Nations agencies, international NGOs and JORDAN strategy and LIBYA local first responders. In 2017, two new financial UNHCR used the high alert list for regional refugee coordinators—responsible requirements. In NIGER CHAD BANGLADESH emergency preparedness (HALEP) to 2017, five RRPs SUDAN YEMEN for leading operational planning and were in place, TRINIDAD & TOBAGO help country operations assess their NIGERIA ETHIOPIA involving more VENEZUELA SITUATION SOUTH resource mobilization—were appointed to COSTA RICA SUDAN than 540 partners COLOMBIA CAMEROON capacity to respond to an emergency and KENYA in 19 countries. A UGANDA cover the Burundi and the South Sudan REP. OF DRC RWANDA put further measures in place. UNHCR’s total of $7.4 billion CONGO BRAZIL BURUNDI situations. UNHCR also extended the was requested in ANGOLA TANZANIA new emergency policy framework made tenures of the regional refugee coordinators funding to meet ZAMBIA the HALEP mandatory for medium‑ and assessed needs, high‑risk operations and encouraged for the Nigeria and Syria situations. In and $3.5 billion addition, a contingency planning exercise in contributions targeted preparedness support from received. The Headquarters. Training sessions for the DRC was undertaken to boost overall funding strengthened the ability of more than preparedness for the activation of a level of RRPs was 48 per cent. EMERGENCY STAFF DEPLOYMENTS FROM STAFF & PARTNERS TRAINED IN 1,350 staff and partners on preparedness regional refugee response plan in 2018. 249 DEPLOYMENTS 110 18 STANDBY PARTNERS* 1,350 EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE

STANDBY PARTNERS

*UNHCR’s 18 agreements with standby partners provided specialist emergency sta deployment with skills in, for example, coordination, registration and shelter

Bundesanstalt Technisches Hilfswerk (THW) | CANADEM | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, United States of America (CDC) | Danish Refugee Council | Department for International Development, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (DFID) | Directorate for Civil Protection and Emergency Planning, Norway (DSB) | Dutch Surge Support Water (DSS Water, previously Netherlands Enterprise Agency) | Emergency.lu, Luxembourg Ministry of Foreign A airs | International Humanitarian Partnership | iMMAP | Irish Aid | Norwegian Refugee Council | RedR Australia | Save the Children Norway | Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency (MSB) | Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) | Veolia Environment Foundation | White Helmets Commission

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consequences of the crisis exceed the existing response capacity of the country VALUE OF RELIEF operation. A Level 3 emergency requires a “whole-of-UNHCR” response. 17 20.4M ITEMS DELIVERED 100

IASC humanitarian system-wide Level-3 emergencies are AIRLIFTS METRIC TONS OF RELIEF STAFF AND declared by the United Nations Emergency Relief Coordinator. 2,580 ITEMS DELIVERED PARTNERS DEPLOYED In such emergencies, UNHCR usually: • Leads the protection, shelter, and camp coordination and camp management (CCCM) clusters when internal 31M displacement is conflict-related. • Determines its interventions and cluster leadership on a case-by-case basis when internal displacement is due to a natural disaster.

= 10,000 REFUGEES REFUGEES 340,000 REACHED

In partnership with the Government, UNHCR developed refugee identities ahead of the distribution of relief items. Responding to emergencies UNHCR prepositioned its relief items in and implemented a digital data collection system using The aggregated data from the exercise was also shared 10,670 seven global stockpiles across Africa, an innovative approach to household registration. The with partners to improve evidence-based planning and metric tons In line with its new Policy on Emergency system enabled UNHCR and partners to understand the programming and ensure timely protection interventions for of core relief Europe and the Middle East. Doing so Preparedness and Response, UNHCR size and breakdown of the population, their location, and refugees in need of support. supplies worth enabled the Office to deliver relief items their protection needs. Refugee families in the Kutupalong $55.3 million, made 359 emergency deployments in at any given time to 600,000 displaced camp—known as the Kutupalong-Balukhali expansion In addition, UNHCR and partners built the Kutupalong- were delivered to 2017, providing 31,881 days of staff support Balukhali expansion site in just five months, and more than 1.2 million people people by air, road or sea in multiple site—and surrounding settlements did not need to queue to of concern in to field operations, including through make themselves known to UNHCR, thanks to a smartphone 40,000 shelters have been erected since the beginning of locations. Simplified procurement rules for 31 country redeploying staff from other operations and application that allowed staff to collect shelter-to-shelter the crisis. Together with partners, the Office delivered WASH operations emergencies made it easier to purchase data. More than 175,000 refugee families from Myanmar services rapidly, meeting standards in most of the settlements worldwide. from Headquarters. Multi-functional teams items locally and regionally. were registered and provided with documentation. The during the emergency phase, and ensuring interventions were ensured a comprehensive emergency data collected was also used to streamline and verify sustainable. response and standby partners provided critical support, including with 110 staff deployments, mostly to Bangladesh, South Sudan and Uganda.

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Delivering in high-risk In 2017, UNHCR’s security personnel AREAS OF INTERVENTION KEY ACHIEVEMENTS security environments managed more than 400 incidents. Security advisers formed part of multi-functional EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE UNHCR protected and assisted people teams deployed to emergencies, focusing forced to flee their homes in complex on access to displaced people and REINFORCE EMERGENCY RESPONSE CAPACITY AND EFFECTIVENESS. IN 2017, UNHCR: and high-risk security environments. In appropriate security management systems. Enhance emergency preparedness Introduced a dedicated Emergency Level 1 response through its revised Policy on Afghanistan, Iraq, Somalia, South Sudan, The Office applied the programme criticality Emergency Preparedness and Response, which triggers preparedness activities. the Syrian Arab Republic (Syria) and Yemen, framework—a common United Nations Organized 10 advanced preparedness missions, assessing and prioritizing local and security measures were vital to protect national preparedness interventions. system policy for decision-making used to staff, allowing them to continue delivering Used the HALEP in 90 operations to assess their preparedness in cases of determine levels of acceptable security risk displacement and developed 33 refugee contingency plans. lifesaving aid and seek solutions for for programmes and activities implemented refugees. Build capacity in emergency preparedness Trained more than 850 people on emergency preparedness and response during: by United Nations personnel—to assess how and response, security and the supply 3 workshops on emergency management, 2 emergency team leadership programmes, it could deliver adequate support to people chain 1 senior emergency leadership programme, 11 situational emergency training sessions, 2 emergency management training sessions, 1 training session on information of concern in high-risk environments. management in emergencies, 1 training session on emergency registration, and 5 inductions to UNHCR emergency response. Trained more than 500 people from 28 countries through UNHCR’s regional centre for emergency preparedness (e-Centre) in Bangkok, which facilitated 19 workshops and trainings. Participants comprised regional, national and local partners, as well as UNHCR staff. Trained 600 people on security by organizing security management learning programmes, field safety adviser workshops, security management exercises, © UNHCR/Jordi Matas © UNHCR/Jordi security risk management workshops, and a programme aimed at increasing women’s Goodwill Ambassador support security awareness. Through wide-ranging activities, UNHCR’s supporters illustrated the Trained 2,500 people on supply chain management including in emergencies. Office’s capacity to respond in a timely and effective manner with Continued testing innovative approaches, focusing on the Office’s accountability to lifesaving support to displaced people. Goodwill Ambassador Jung people of concern, as well as participatory assessments and communication with communities. Woo-sung’s meetings with Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh, for instance, helped highlight the enormous needs and challenges of Deploy standby emergency coordination, Ensured deployment to emergencies through agreements with 18 standby partners, the emergency response. In addition, Goodwill Ambassador Helena preparedness and response teams as well as internal capacity. Internal capacity included UNHCR’s emergency services Christensen’s visit to elderly people displaced by conflict in eastern standby team; the senior corporate emergency roster; its emergency response team; Ukraine spotlighted the central role that UNHCR has played in and technical rosters for supply, human resources, administration, finance and programme. providing shelter for some of the region’s most vulnerable. Deployed 359 UNHCR and standby partner staff to emergencies within 72 hours to UNHCR Goodwill Ambassador, Jung 25 operations to work as multi-functional teams. Woo-sung, meets Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh. Strengthen inter-agency and strategic Continued to work with the IASC Emergency Directors Group and Reference Group on partnerships Risk, Early Warning and Preparedness, as well as the United Nations Crisis Management Working Group. Actively participated in and contributed to inter-agency security forums, including the working groups and steering groups of the Inter-Agency Security Management Network and the United Nations Security Management System.

Enhance policy development Issued the revised Policy on Emergency Preparedness and Response and mainstreamed it into learning programmes. Updated the Emergency Handbook (in English and French) to reflect policy changes. Conducted a real-time review of the emergency response in Angola and incorporated lessons learned into training programmes and ongoing activities. In line with the duty of care for personnel in high-risk duty stations, developed a support package for staff welfare.

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AREAS OF INTERVENTION KEY ACHIEVEMENTS PREVENTING, MITIGATING AND RESPONDING TO SEXUAL AND GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE

EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE Damasceno © UNHCR/Reynesson

REINFORCE EMERGENCY RESPONSE CAPACITY AND EFFECTIVENESS. IN 2017, UNHCR:

Reinforce security management as an Continuously assessed operations to ensure appropriate risk mitigation measures were organizational culture in place and managed 404 security incidents. Undertook 62 support missions over 588 days, including to Angola, Bangladesh, Iraq, Uganda and Zimbabwe. Continued its campaign to reduce road crashes and trained more than 50 trainers to increase awareness. Developed programme criticality guidelines to ensure UNHCR can deliver effective programmes in high-risk environments. Trained 15 women (security and staff welfare) to deliver women’s security awareness training globally.

OPTIMIZE GLOBAL SUPPLY MANAGEMENT FOR EFFICIENT DELIVERY. IN 2017, UNHCR:

Optimize supply chain for shelter and relief Maintained the capacity to deliver relief items to 600,000 people in simultaneous items in emergencies emergencies through the global stockpile system. Delivered 10,670 metric tons of relief items from UNHCR global stockpiles to 31 emergency operations using 31 airlifts, as well as sea and road transport. Enhanced the global stockpile system by creating a new stockpile in Uganda and 72 new framework agreements with suppliers. Undertook 21 supply support missions in emergency operations and revised procurement rules and the new local procurement toolkit.

Supported 23 country operations to develop and implement CBIs and procurement, Brazilian and Venezuelan women paint a wall in the context of the 16 days of activism against sexual and gender-based violence. tools and guidance.

Whether a primary cause of their total of 60 months, as part of the “Safe from In 2017, UNHCR displacement or a significant risk as they the start” initiative. Assessments carried out made good flee, men, women and children are too often in follow-up to these deployments showed progress addressing SGBV at risk of sexual and gender-based violence that UNHCR operations increased the core by enhancing (SGBV) and other forms of abuse, including multi-sectoral activities addressing SGBV support to survivors in 33 exploitation and abduction. SGBV remains a and increased the geographical coverage of refugee situations critical protection concern for UNHCR. It has SGBV programming. The risk of SGBV was and four IDP situations devastating and long-term consequences therefore mitigated and access to quality globally. for those displaced people who experience services to survivors improved. it, and while women and girls are at higher In 2017, 41 trainees from the Africa and risk from such violence, it also affects men Middle East and North Africa regions and boys. completed an SGBV learning programme on SGBV prevention and response. This has Ensuring sexual and gender-based helped expand capacity of UNHCR staff to violence programming deliver training for refugees and partner in emergencies organizations. In 2017, UNHCR deployed Senior Protection Officers dedicated to addressing SGBV in emergency situations in 11 operations for a

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Increasing efficient data prevention and the care provided to Cash and SGBV programming management survivors. The GBVIMS has enhanced the In 2017, UNHCR conducted studies in Ecuador, Lebanon and Morocco to better understand how safe collection and management of data In 2017, UNHCR implemented the to optimize the use of cash to achieve protection outcomes. The findings will be used to develop guidance in cash on incidents of SGBV and trends in many programming to prevent, mitigate and respond to SGBV. Gender-based Violence Information operations, including in the context of In addition, UNHCR endeavoured to increase the portion of women as direct beneficiaries of cash assistance, and Management System (GBVIMS), an the Syria response. in particular, survivors and people at risk of SGBV received cash assistance in the Congo, the DRC and Morocco, inter-agency initiative that enables alongside other complementary forms of assistance such as counselling and livelihood support. humanitarian actors to collect, store, analyze In 2017, the GBVIMS initiative developed the The GBVIMS was and share data safely and effectively on “Inter-agency gender-based violence case operational in incidents of SGBV in a consistent and management guidelines” which have been 14 countries as of the end of 2017. coordinated way. Better quality data can used for capacity-building on enhanced Innovation for protection four circumstances in which SGBV is more help inform decisions, ultimately to improve quality case management. likely to occur—namely, where there are UNHCR and partners continued to pilot fewer livelihood opportunities, a lack of innovative, multi-sectoral projects aimed safe access to energy for cooking, reduced at better protecting women and girls from access to technology, and insufficient levels SGBV in different settings. These projects of lighting at night.

identified the most effective approaches Nahr © UNHCR/Dominic With this is mind, UNHCR is piloting and showed promising ways of mitigating Male rape and sexual torture widespread in projects that provide refugee communities SGBV. the Syria crisis with access to alternative energy sources Detained during the war in his native Syria, Tarek was held in a darkened cell for a In 2017, 10 multi-sectoral projects in Rwanda and the United Republic of month with 80 other people—but those harsh conditions were the least of it. Kept were implemented in nine countries, Tanzania in order to reduce the risk of SGBV naked, he and other detainees were strung up by their hands at night, tortured with addressing SGBV risks and focusing on associated with the collection of firewood. electric shocks to their genitals, and gang-raped by their captors. “They would come into the cell to violate us, but it was dark–we couldn’t see them,” he recalled. “All we could hear were people saying, ‘Stop! Don’t!’ I thought we would die.” Tarek’s experience is far from unique. A UNHCR report, published in 2017, indicates “We keep it in our heart”: sexual violence that sexual violence and torture of men and boys in Syria by multiple parties to the against men and boys in the Syria crisis. conflict may be far more widespread than previously thought. UNHCR researchers © UNHCR/Jordi Matas © UNHCR/Jordi heard accounts of violence against boys as young as 10, and against men, including Liquid petroleum gas project reduces those in their 80s. risks for women and children in Recommendations geared towards humanitarian organizations, and others involved the United Republic of Tanzania in working with refugees, included the need for stronger prevention strategies, better confidentiality arrangements, protection against reprisals, improved survivor Firewood collection and cooking is the responsibility of women and care, and strengthened awareness of the risks of SGBV among aid workers. girls in most refugee situations. It is hard work and can be dangerous. In camps in the United Republic of Tanzania, they can walk 10 kilometres to collect firewood, and many women have been sexually assaulted undertaking this task. “These are most disturbing accounts revealing To address this, UNHCR piloted a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) project, just how grave the risk of sexual violence has become for women, girls which not only provides refugees with alternative sources of fuel but Burundian refugee Frida Nehebauwayo, and, as shown by UNHCR’s recent report, also men and boys.” also helps ensure their protection. A LPG kit includes one full LPG 17, waits to have her LPG cylinder refilled at Nyarugusu camp in the United —Volker Türk, UNHCR’s Assistant High Commissioner for Protection cylinder, a burner and igniter. The project saw the number of women Republic of Tanzania. and girls collecting firewood fall from 92 per cent to 30 per cent. As the pilot has proven successful and generated further demand, UNHCR is The report revealed that the risk of sexual violence is higher for those who are gay, bisexual, transgender or intersex, and considering how to increase LPG access across the camps in 2018. does not end when people leave Syria. Inside Syria, armed groups were reported as the main perpetrators, while outside Syria, the danger is often from opportunistic abuse. “Gas helps us a lot. I used to collect firewood from six in the morning Refugee boys in countries of asylum suffer sexual violence at the hands of other male refugees and men in the local and was always late for school. Now, I go to school on time.” community. Sexual exploitation and blackmail of refugee men were reported in countries of asylum, especially among those —Frida Nehebauwayo, Burundian refugee in the United Republic of Tanzania working in the informal economy, where the vast majority of their families live below the poverty line.

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UNHCR CASH BASED INTERVENTIONS CASH FACTS | 2017 EXPANDING CASH-BASED INTERVENTIONS UNHCR’s vision is to ensure that people can meet their needs in dignity, are protected and can transition to solutions through the expanded use of cash assistance © UNHCR/Yorgos Kyvernitis

8M 94 2,300 UNHCR CASH BASED INTERVENTIONS PEOPLE OF CONCERN COUNTRIES IMPLEMENTING TRAINED STAFF AND PARTNERS RECEIVING CASH ASSISTANCE CASH ASSISTANCE ON CASH ASSISTANCE CASH FACTS | 2017 UNHCR’s vision is to ensure that people can meet their needs in dignity, are protected and can transition to solutions through the expanded use of cash assistance.

SOLUTIONS 8M 94 ENVIRONMENTHEALTH NUTRITION SHELTER2,300WINTERIZATIONWASH LIVELIHOODSEDUCATION PROTECTIONFOOD / NON-FOODENERGY ITEMS INCLUDING RETURNS PEOPLE OF CONCERN COUNTRIES IMPLEMENTING TRAINED STAFF AND PARTNERS RECEIVING CASH ASSISTANCE CASH ASSISTANCE ON CASH ASSISTANCE

61% $502M 61% Multipurpose SOLUTIONS CASH-BASED INTERVENTIONS WERE MULTIPURPOSE 39% ENVIRONMENTHEALTH NUTRITION SHELTER WINTERIZATIONWASH LIVELIHOODSEDUCATION PROTECTIONFOOD / NON-FOODENERGY ITEMS INCLUDING RETURNS Sector specific

$159M 61% Multipurpose CASH FOR PROTECTION Brahim (left) with his wife Halima and their six children from Syria show the cash card they just received $502Mfrom UNHCR and its partners in 61% Greece. The monthly cash assistance will help cover the family’s basic needs, giving them the dignity ofCASH-BASED choice. INTERVENTIONS WERE MULTIPURPOSE 39% Sector Specific

42 UNHCR uses CBIs for a wide range of people of concern—a significant increase their needs best and, importantly, allowing COUNTRIES purposes, typically through multipurpose over the 2015 Grand Bargain baseline of them to contribute to local economies and cash grants, helping people of concern to $325 million. While the overall volume of host communities. In addition, 25 per cent meet their essential needs, including access cash assistance has decreased compared of the overall cash assistance was provided to protection, shelter, health, education to the previous year, mainly due to fewer to meet specific protection objectives. $159M 835,000 and livelihoods. Cash, together with return grants in Afghanistan in 2016, more CASH FOR PROTECTION In line with its institutionalization strategy, BENEFICIARIES in-kind assistance and services, increases operations, including in Greece, Rwanda UNHCR has integrated cash in existing efficiency, gives people of concern more and Somalia, have introduced or expanded guidance, tools and processes while choice and more options, and is an integral CBIs (see regional summaries and the 835,000 42 developing additional cash tools. Illustrative part of UNHCR’s protection strategy. chapters on Safeguarding$159M fundamental COUNTRIES of BENEFICIARIESthis, the Office undertook a global rights and Building betterCASH FORfutures PROTECTION for more 42 mapping of cash interventions promoting Delivering cash assistance CBI examples). COUNTRIES protection, which covered more than UNHCR’s policy on CBIs and its The Office continued to research the use 180 CBI programmes across 42 country institutionalization strategy (2016-2020) of cash to improve protection, health, operations. UNHCR also studied the set out its commitment and objectives for education, WASH and basic needs outcomes related to health, education, the expanded, systematic and innovative outcomes. More than 61 per cent of CBIs WASH and basic needs when delivering 835,000 use of cash-based assistance. In 2017, the were multipurpose cash grants enabling cash assistance. BENEFICIARIES Office delivered $502 million in cash to people of concern to choose how to meet

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Maximizing effectiveness, partners having joined the cash facility, AREAS OF INTERVENTION KEY ACHIEVEMENTS efficiency and innovation bank fees for cash transfers have fallen from as high as 5 percent to 1 per cent. BASIC NEEDS AND ESSENTIAL SERVIVES UNHCR promoted unified arrangements for Building on this experience in Jordan, cash transfers to maximize the efficiency CASH-BASED INTERVENTIONS. IN 2017, UNHCR: the project has been expanded to Greece, of CBIs. The Office’s corporate tool for and has become part of the addendum on Enable UNHCR operations to Increased the number of CBI dedicated experts based in operations, from 26 in 2015 managing cash assistance, CashAssist, systematically consider and implement to 29 by the end of 2017. cash assistance to the memorandum of CBIs was strengthened by establishing a direct Supported 31 operations in processing the procurement of financial services. understanding between UNHCR and WFP. link between the registration system and Provide cash assistance across UNHCR Delivered 60% of CBIs through multipurpose cash grants. operations the financial service provider. This upgrade Furthermore, UNHCR has established key Provided 80% of CBI funding to country operations. enables UNHCR and its partners to deliver partnerships with development actors Continue to build the capacity of UNHCR to Trained more than 2,300 UNHCR staff and partners in CBIs. and track assistance to people of concern, in Africa and the Middle East to include consider, implement and monitor CBIs Provided dedicated CBI support to 57 countries and 5 regional offices. and staff and partners can now track cash. refugees and others of concern in their Undertook 22 CBI and multi-functional country support missions. programmes. These partners include the In Jordan, the common cash facility (CCF) is Updated UNHCR’s financial management system. UNCDF, Financial Sector Deepening Africa, a secure and efficient cash transfer facility Grameen Crédit Agricole Foundation and Conduct reviews, and develop tools and Undertook 15 CBI-focused reviews, studies and evaluations covering protection and that is scalable and makes payments more guidance on CBIs technical sectors. the Swedish International Development predictable. The CCF provides 90 per cent Agency (Sida). of all cash assistance to vulnerable refugees living outside camps. With 17 of UNHCR’s © UNHCR/David Azia © UNHCR/David UNHCR steps up aid as displaced Syrians brace for winter Sitting in the single, unheated room that serves as their home in a run‑down neighbourhood of the Lebanese capital Beirut, Samira and her husband, Hussein, have a familiar sense of foreboding at the prospect of their sixth winter in exile since fleeing Syria. Like the majority of the roughly one million registered Syrian refugees living in Lebanon, the couple—originally from Deir Ez-Zour—have good reason to fear the arrival of colder temperatures and winter storms. Conditions were particularly harsh when temperatures fell below Syrian refugees in Lebanon received zero in previous years. To help vulnerable refugees prepare for the winter cash assistance from UNHCR, cold weather, UNHCR began providing in between $225-$375 winter which they use to pay for food, firewood, clothing and medication. cash assistance to help with additional costs related to fuel, clothing and medical expenses. Around 650,000 people have received such payments. The programme targeted vulnerable families with a mix of cash assistance, building materials to repair and weather-proof shelters, and distributions of winter items, including high thermal blankets, gas heaters and warm clothes. It also included plans to assist more than 1.1 million people displaced inside Syria, with priority given to those most recently displaced and others living in hard-to-reach or besieged areas. Samira and her family, who are among the beneficiaries, say the additional support helped keep them warm. “Heating for example, especially with the harsh weather here, is of great help in dealing with my son’s condition.”

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SHELTER AND SETTLEMENT

MEETING BASIC NEEDS AND ESSENTIAL SERVICES AT A GLANCE 2017 © UNHCR/Roger Arnold © UNHCR/Roger 500 MILLION 33% SPEND ON EMERGENCY SHELTER NEEDS AMOUNT SPENT IN RESPONDING TO THE SHELTER AND SETTLEMENT NEEDS OF PEOPLE OF CONCERN 43

SITUATIONS IN WHICH HOUSEHOLDS IMPROVED OR MAINTAINED THEIR ACCESS TO ADEQUATE SHELTER

In Bangladesh, for example, UNHCR drone technology to map inaccessible enlisted technical expertise to ensure areas and to assess flood and landslide sound planning and management of the risk, it provided a rapid shelter response for densely populated refugee sites. By using 80,000 families. © UNHCR/Sebastian Rich Rich © UNHCR/Sebastian

The newly constructed Kutupalong-Balukhali extension site as seen from the air. New arrivals have been relocated here on Improved shelter solutions government-allocated land with newly built latrines and freshly dug wells. UNHCR’s longstanding partnership with Better Shelter and the IKEA Foundation improved the refugee housing unit model, in consultation with people of concern. This durable, cost-effective, flexible and Many new and existing emergencies Shelter and settlement all-in-one shelter solution includes a solar energy unit for a LED lamp continued to highlight critical challenges, and telephone charger, and provides greater dignity, privacy and particularly in public health, food security UNHCR’s global strategy for settlement and protection from the elements to displaced families. and shelter in urban and semi-urban shelter (2014-2018) provides a framework to In 2017, about 10,000 refugee housing units were deployed to areas. UNHCR designs its basic needs ensure refugees and others of concern can facilitate more sustainable shelter responses in eight operations across Africa and the Middle East. “It provides us with more privacy. and essential lifesaving interventions with access dignified, secure settlements and Families living in refugee housing units in shelter, whether they live in urban or rural Al Jemea’a camp in Iraq. My wife and I sleep behind the curtain and my kids sleep on this side, an agile, adaptable and contextualized in the main ‘room’. The refugee housing unit is a blessing from God for response for refugees, IDPs and stateless settings. The framework seeks to improve us in the desert,” said Hamid and Fatma, beneficiaries at Al Jamea’a persons. Its interventions are in line the quality of emergency shelter responses camp in Iraq. with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable and supports sustainable settlement UNHCR also developed a new self-standing family tent—a lightweight, solutions by adopting an integrated master self-supporting structure that can be erected by just three people in Development; UNHCR’s age, gender and 30 minutes. diversity approach; and the United Nations’ plan approach. Both the refugee housing unit and the new self-standing family tent collective goal to advance gender equality. In 2017, UNHCR improved the quality offer better shelter solutions and protection-related improvements. Effective, strategic and operational of shelter and settlements. It provided partnerships are, as outlined within the accommodation to more than 4.5 million refugees in planned or CRRF, essential for meeting the immediate In protracted refugee situations, UNHCR consolidation and upgrading temporary self-settled camps. At the onset of needs of people of concern and improving used the master plan approach to prepare emergency shelters to semi permanent emergencies, the Office deployed experts their quality of life. These needs include more sustainable settlement options for solutions within three years. Partnerships and new technology, and developed new shelter, WASH, nutrition and food security, people of concern. For example, in Damak, with private sector and academia partnerships to improve its response. and health, including HIV prevention and Nepal, UNHCR committed to improving strengthened the research and technical treatment, and reproductive health. the living conditions of 7,000 Bhutanese approaches UNHCR employs in the field refugees by facilitating the camp’s and enhanced cost efficiency.

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Public health © UNHCR/Jordi Matas © UNHCR/Jordi © UNHCR/Roger Arnold © UNHCR/Roger “Nobody left outside” for global shelter fundraising campaign Prompted by the significant need for shelter and protection funding, UNHCR launched a three-year global shelter campaign, “Nobody left outside”, in May 2016, targeting private sector donors. By the end of 2017, the shelter campaign had raised more than $20 million from companies, foundations, philanthropists and individuals worldwide, helping to provide shelter solutions to thousands of families in some UNHCR’s most challenging operations as well as to deliver cash assistance and emergency shelter in A Rohingya refugee, Alin Nisa, with her humanitarian crisis. daughter in Kutupalong Camp Extension site, Bangladesh. The campaign runs until May 2019 and has been implemented by UNHCR offices in 20 countries and UNHCR’s National Partners.

“Our core aim is to ensure that refugees receive the physical protection they need and rightfully deserve.” —Phoebe Goodwin, UNHCR’s Associate Site Planner on an emergency mission to Bangladesh

AREAS OF INTERVENTION KEY ACHIEVEMENTS Clinical staff at Nyumanzi integrated health centre for both Ugandan nationals and refugees from South Sudan. SHELTER AND SETTLEMENT

ESTABLISH, IMPROVE AND MAINTAIN SHELTER AND INFRASTRUCTURE. IN 2017, UNHCR: Refugees and asylum-seekers are often In 2017, country assessments were conducted unable to benefit from livelihood opportunities in the DRC, Djibouti, Guinea and Rwanda UNHCR uses its Implement the UNHCR global strategy Assisted 17 operations to develop comprehensive shelter and settlement strategies. health information for settlement and shelter (2014-2018) Implemented the master plan approach to site planning in 3 additional operations in and social protection, making it difficult for in partnership with ILO on the inclusion of system, Twine, to Malawi, Nepal and Uganda. people to access essential services, such refugees in national health care structures, monitor the health status of refugees Continue the development of alternatives Developed a site planning technical training package, including 88 software licenses as health care. In its public health strategy including through community-based health and the coverage to camp policy and master plan approach assigned to technical experts and sent 33 physical site planning toolkits to the field, (2014-2018), UNHCR aimed to ensure all insurance schemes. Capacity-building and quality of 15 of which in the context of an emergency deployment. interventions refugees can access lifesaving and activities in Algeria, the Congo, for some Developed 4 comprehensive e-learning modules, in partnership with Microdesk. essential health care, and advocated for South Sudan and Uganda helped train 4.7 million refugees Strengthened partnerships, particularly with UN-Habitat, to support the development in 26 countries. of urban response guidance. the inclusion of people of concern in some 240 primary health care workers to Developed practical tools to guide how CBIs could support shelter responses. national programmes. In partnership with provide mental health support to refugees. host governments, United Nations These efforts also aimed to promote the Ensure the systematic deployment of Deployed senior technical staff who undertook 51 missions to ensure the integrity of senior shelter and settlement staff from field responses and reinforce emergency response capacity. agencies and development partners, integration of mental health into refugee the onset of emergencies Developed standby partnership arrangements for emergency shelter deployments. UNHCR is working towards a holistic primary health care. approach to meet and address the needs Improve the range of shelter solutions Completed the design of an improved refugee housing unit, in partnership with Better UNHCR continued delivering HIV of both refugees and host communities available to UNHCR operations Shelter. prevention and treatment and reproductive Completed the self-standing family tent design in preparation for its roll-out in UNHCR’s (see the chapters on Expanding partnerships health programmes within a framework of operations in 2018. and Building better futures). public health, protection and community development. In 2017, UNHCR reinforced reproductive health and HIV prevention and

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treatment programmes in Cameroon, Niger, AREAS OF INTERVENTION KEY ACHIEVEMENTS Rwanda, the United Republic of Tanzania and Zambia. With measures to improve BASIC NEEDS AND ESSENTIAL SERVICES Cash assistance for health maternal health outcomes enhanced, 17 UNHCR operations had coverage rates In Jordan, UNHCR and partners use cash as part IMPROVE HEALTH STATUS OF POPULATION. IN 2017, UNHCR: of a wider programme of referral services for of skilled birth attendance of above Strengthen interventions to reduce the Collaborated with the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention to develop a toolkit refugees to access health care. Pregnant refugee incidence and impact of communicable on an expanded programme for immunization (EPI) and include it as a module in the 90 per cent. Cost-effective and high-impact, women were able to use the cash to pay for their diseases, including outbreaks balanced score card (BSC) monitoring tool for primary health care. neonatal interventions were expanded in deliveries. Using cash enables UNHCR to serve Improve access to expanded non- Rolled out the second phase of UNHCR’s non-communicable disease project in Algeria Jordan, Kenya and South Sudan. more refugees and people of concern with the same level of funding, as the cost communicable disease services at primary and Rwanda. This helped to scale up the management of non-communicable disease health care level at the primary care level through targeted capacity-building conducted by partners and The Office assisted national authorities with of using a referral system is about through linkages to national programmes. three times greater. HIV prevention activities and the delivery Support and strengthen the provision of Completed an evaluation, which demonstrated that trained staff were able to better of antiretroviral therapy to refugees, mental health services through primary identify and manage refugees with mental health concerns. care providers including in Rwanda. Together with UNFPA, In partnership with War Trauma Foundation, trained 240 primary health care workers on it strengthened maternal health and HIV mental health in Algeria, the Congo, South Sudan and Uganda. services for South Sudanese refugees in ENSURE ACCESS OF PEOPLE OF CONCERN TO REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH AND HIV SERVICES. IN 2017, UNHCR:

Uganda by offering training to staff and Take measures to improve access to skilled Provided skilled birth attendance for 90% of deliveries in 17 UNHCR operations. partners and clinical services to survivors attendance at delivery of SGBV, and provided refugee peer Expand the availability of neonatal care Completed a two-year project to strengthen neonatal care in Jordan, Kenya and South education in Niger. Sudan. The project helped health workers to improve their skills in newborn care and monitor the progress of deliveries.

Take measures to improve access to a Supported national structures to make antiretroviral therapy available, including for the comprehensive range of HIV prevention prevention of mother-to-child transmission among refugees in the CAR, the DRC and and treatment services South Sudan. © UNHCR/Ibrahima Diane © UNHCR/Ibrahima Central African refugee midwife giving back to the community in the south of Chad Amina Assafi, 37, is the mother of two children and joined her parents in a refugee camp in the south of Chad after her husband was killed during the war in the CAR. She is now living in Amboko camp with her family. She is proud of her achievement going from a community health worker to becoming a midwife thanks to UNHCR’s support and a DAFI scholarship. She works in the health centre of the Chadian village of Beureuh, serving refugees and Chadians. Amina Asafi, a Central African refugee “I have a lot of hopes. Before, I did not study in university. But now midwife, works in the health centre in I came to the camp, I was patient for 10 years and got the opportunity the Chadian village of Beureuh, serving to study. This is hope. Before I didn’t know but now I am a state-graduated refugees and Chadians. midwife. This is a success. Be it in Chad or in the CAR or elsewhere in Africa, I can work,” says Amina.

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Food security and nutrition © UNHCR/Georgina Goodwin Cash assistance help to boost the local economy UNHCR is pursuing the expansion of cash in close collaboration with host countries and donors. A recent study in Rwanda found an increase in real income of the community surrounding the refugee camps between 0.31-0.75 cents per dollar where refugees were receiving cash instead of food assistance. This plays a role in the host community’s relationship with refugees and helps to improve the environment for asylum and peaceful coexistence.

AREAS OF INTERVENTION KEY ACHIEVEMENTS

BASIC NEEDS AND ESSENTIAL SERVICES

IMPROVE FOOD SECURITY AND NUTRITIONAL WELL-BEING. IN 2017, UNHCR:

Expand the use of the IYCF framework In partnership with Save the Children, rolled out the IYCF framework in 4 additional and nutrition roadmap countries (Ethiopia, South Sudan, Sudan, and Uganda). Strengthened the implementation of the framework in Bangladesh, Jordan and Kenya, where the IYCF framework had already been rolled out.

Strengthen linkages between reproductive Conducted a joint nutrition, food security, reproductive health and HIV support mission health services and nutrition in Uganda to encourage better quality nutrition and reproductive health care services, and highlighted the linkages between them. Congolese refugees collect their monthly food aid at a distribution centre in Nyarugusu refugee camp in the United Republic of Tanzania, where rations have been cut due to lack of funding. Developed a nutrition roadmap including to guide operations to strengthen the linkages between reproductive health services and nutrition.

In 2017, many children were severely a quarter (23 per cent) of refugee sites Expand self-reliance projects for food Developed UNHCR’s global agriculture strategy and supported agriculture security and nutrition programming to improve food security and livelihoods in Ethiopia, Kenya, South Sudan, malnourished, especially where limited surveyed found that children under the age Sudan and Uganda. resources resulted in food, water and of five were not stunted, and half health cuts. Approximately 3.3 million (50 per cent) of surveyed sites showed Improve availability of data to support Conducted nutrition surveys in 98 refugee sites. The data also provided key food nutrition and food security decision-making security indicators. refugees received less than the acceptable critical levels of child anaemia, indicating an Reviewed data and updated them to incorporate international norms to inform the standard of food assistance (based increasingly precarious situation. The infant revision of the standardized and expanded nutrition surveys. on 2,100 kcal/person/day). Countries and young child feeding (IYCF) framework in Africa—in particular sub-Saharan was rolled out with nutrition treatment and Improve joint programming at Developed joint plans of action after joint assessment missions to Djibouti and Nepal. the country level countries—experienced food cuts greater prevention programmes, including in the than others (see Africa regional summary). emergency in Bangladesh, where childhood Strengthen food security monitoring in the Trained staff and partners to conduct surveys measuring the impact of agricultural context of livelihood initiatives to better programmes on refugee livelihoods in 11 operations (Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chad, Food insecurity led to malnutrition and and adult malnutrition levels were high. assess impact Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Malawi, Niger, Somalia, Zambia and Zimbabwe). posed protection risks. Data from Chad To address the complex causes of and Rwanda indicated that some women Improve targeting methods for food Conducted vulnerability assessments in Cameroon and Uganda. malnutrition, UNHCR promotes low-cost, assistance use transactional sex to help their families’ Signed the joint UNHCR/WFP principles aimed at designing targeted approaches for the high-impact interventions. With WFP, the provision of food and other essential assistance. basic needs. Domestic violence also often Office implemented a self-reliance strategy increased when men were unable to to make the best use of limited resources. support their households. The approach targeted the most vulnerable In 2017, global acute malnutrition (GAM) people of concern, providing cash and reached acceptable levels in 62 per assistance to cover basic needs. It also cent of surveyed refugee sites—a minor pursued initiatives promoting refugee improvement over 2016. Only around self-reliance.

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PROVIDING ACCESS TO WASH SERVICES Water, sanitation and hygiene AREAS OF INTERVENTION KEY ACHIEVEMENTS AT A GLANCE 2017 BASIC NEEDS AND ESSENTIAL SERVICES

UP TO INCREASE OR MAINTAIN THE SUPPLY OF POTABLE WATER TO ENSURE AFFECTED POPULATIONS LIVE IN SATISFACTORY CONDITIONS OF SANITATION AND HYGIENE. IN 2017, UNHCR:

Improve rapid and effective response Undertook emergency WASH response and provided remote support to teams in 80%to WASH in emergencies Angola, Bangladesh, the DRC, Uganda and Zambia. 8.5M 50 COST REDUCTION Updated WASH emergency equipment specifications catalogue and frame agreements REFUGEES SUPPORTED COUNTRIES OF WATER PUMPING THROUGH jointly with UNICEF. RENEWABLE SOLAR ENERGY With UNICEF, supported training for staff and standby partners in the provision of PROVIDING ACCESS TO WASH SERVICES WASH services during emergencies.

AT A GLANCE 2017 Published the report, “Rapid methods for assessing water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) services at refugee camps in emergency settings”, successfully applied these methods in Bangladesh and provided key information to WASH partners accordingly. UP TO In 2017, UNHCR providedUP TO safely managed solar energy rather than fossil fuel, which water and sanitation services to nearly could reduce associated costs by up to Strengthen evidence-based programming Developed WASH monitoring mechanisms, including a monthly report card and standardized KAP survey in 4 additional countries (Cameroon, Chad, the DRC and 80% 8.5 million people in 50 countries. Strategic 80 per cent. In 2017, UNHCR reduced the REPLACING Ethiopia) to improve gap analysis and resource allocation. COST REDUCTION 19 8.5M 50 DIESEL GENERATORS REFUGEES SUPPORTED COUNTRIES OF WATER PUMPING THROUGH partnerships allowed UNHCR to adopt cost of sanitation servicesCOUNTRIES in Bangladesh, Designed a water tool that enables operations to better calculate the costs of their RENEWABLE SOLAR ENERGY 80% cost-efficient, sustainableCOST REDUCTION WASH technologies. Ethiopia, Kenya, and MozambiqueDIESEL GENERATORS by water programmes and include related costs in their planning. REPLACED The Office encouragedOF WATER PUMPINGthe inclusion THROUGH of providing sanitation solutions, which Support the development of multi-year Developed multi-year WASH strategies and site-level operational plans in 18 situations, people of concernRENEWABLE in national SOLAR WASH ENERGY service converted refugee waste into value-added WASH strategies and site-level WASH covering short (emergency), medium (post-emergency), and long-term (protracted) operational plans plans. UP TO systems and development plans, in line with products, including cooking fuel briquettes, Develop innovative solutions for Supported 7 country operations (Cameroon, Chad, Congo, the DRC, Ethiopia, Niger and 19 REPLACING the CRRF and SDG 6 on ensuring access to biogas, fertilizer and solid waste recycling. COUNTRIES DIESEL GENERATORS cost-effective and sustainable WASH the United Republic of Tanzania) using cash-for-WASH programmes. 80% water and sanitation for all. solutions in protracted situations COST REDUCTION DIESEL GENERATORS Furthermore, UNHCR strengthened its IN 19 COUNTRIES REPLACED OF WATER PUMPING THROUGH RENEWABLE SOLAR ENERGY UNHCR completed a four-year project to emergency WASH response, particularly in Improve UNHCR’s levels of WASH service Reviewed urban WASH programmes and published a guidance note on WASH create an online database of boreholes in Angola, Bangladesh, the DRC and Zambia. provision in urban settings provisions for refugees in urban situations, which included case studies from Lebanon, Turkey and Uganda. refugee settings worldwide, as well as a The Office involved refugees more heavily IN 19 COUNTRIES tool to measure the efficiency of a particular in the design and implementation of WASH WASH response. This tool has improved programmes, resulting in specific toilet budgeting for water provision in camps, designs that improved access for people particularly in post-emergency situations, with disabilities. Furthermore, positioning and supported the expanded use of water points in safer locations helped motorized water pumps run with hybrid or reduce the risk of SGBV.

Cash assistance for WASH UNHCR is placing more emphasis on cash-based interventions as a means of delivering WASH assistance. In its report, “Cash-based interventions for WASH programmes in refugee settings”, recommendations and best practice guidance for the use of CBIs in refugee settings are put forward. A WASH and cash response matrix was also developed to provide ongoing support to field operations using cash in refugee WASH programmes.

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Building better futures

© UNHCR/Ali Unal

A group of Syrian refugees living in Turkey have been awarded DAFI scholarships to complete their higher education in Ankara. Displaced and stateless persons are no In 2017, UNHCR continued to work with host different from anyone else in wanting better governments with the goal of achieving and more dignified futures for themselves durable and comprehensive solutions for all and their loved ones. But to achieve their people of concern. In line with the New York dream of a better future, people of concern Declaration for Refugees and Migrants, to UNHCR need education opportunities, collective efforts were undertaken to deliver identity documents, freedom of movement, sustainable responses from the outset of work and employment. These are all things an emergency and to promote the inclusion that can make a tremendous impact in their of refugees in national systems. lives.

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Key policy developments in recent Greater engagement with bilateral COMPREHENSIVE SOLUTIONS

years—the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable development actors saw the launch of more ©Humans of Amsterdam/Fetching Tigerrs/UNHCR/popcatter/Shutterstock.com Development and its pledge to “leave projects supporting access to services no one behind”, the World Humanitarian for both refugees and host communities Summit’s commitment to a “new way of which, in turn, promoted inclusive policies working”, and the Comprehensive Refugee in refugee‑hosting areas. Comprehensive Response Framework (CRRF) annexed to approaches fostered greater synergies the New York Declaration—have helped with the 2030 Agenda on Sustainable bring about a shift towards more systematic Development Goals, and reinforced and predictable solutions to situations of the inclusion of refugees in national forced displacement. The ultimate goal development plans and the United Nations remained to find solutions for all people of Development Assistance Frameworks (see concern and, pending this, help refugees the chapter on Expanding partnerships). actively contribute to host communities and This chapter outlines UNHCR’s response, enjoy basic services alongside nationals of including innovative practices, progress the countries that host them. made, and challenges encountered in the Building on these policy shifts, in search for comprehensive and durable 2017, UNHCR set about working with solutions for people of concern to UNHCR. governments and other partners to ensure better alignment in humanitarian and development efforts for the benefit of Manaal, 14, is from Somalia and lives in Amsterdam, in the Netherlands. She dreams of being a flight attendant to refugees and host communities alike. To “be able to travel, see Paris and have butterflies in my stomach.” that end, the Office rolled out the CRRF in 13 countries, developing partnership‑based Voluntary repatriation from UNHCR. While the return to their responses to large-scale refugee situations, country of origin is often the preferred and working with new government Most displaced people would prefer to solution for many refugees, repatriation counterparts, such as local authorities. return to their country or area of origin, should be based on a free and informed The application of the CRRF generated an even after many years in exile. Under the decision and with the full commitment of the increase in global responsibility‑sharing New York Declaration, States committed country of origin to the reintegration process in line with its first objective of easing to promoting durable solutions, with an to ensure that returnees are able to safely pressure on host countries. emphasis on sustainable and timely return rebuild their lives. These contexts in which in safety and dignity. These commitments, such returns took place in 2017 were often made in the New York Declaration and complex. In places where people returned the CRRF as part of it, recognize that despite conditions not being conducive to voluntary repatriation requires not only sustainable reintegration, UNHCR engaged support for the return process, but also in protection monitoring and provided that sustainable returns need more support refugees and IDPs with information on from humanitarian, development, and return conditions, protection risks and peacebuilding perspectives. obstacles to ensure they were making While voluntary repatriation conditions free and informed decisions about their remained challenging in 2017, the number return. For people of concern wanting to of refugees who returned to their countries return home voluntarily, key factors in their of origin increased during the year decision-making remained the existence from 552,200 in 2016 to 667,400, most of a functioning government and rule of of whom (518,600) received assistance law, legal recognition of property rights,

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and security and safety. Apart from these UNHCR has not to date facilitated voluntary In Somalia, UNHCR participated in several UNHCR also actively engaged in the general considerations, factors related to repatriation in neighbouring countries due joint United Nations programmes. One development of the next phase of the joint culture and identity were also important in to the prevailing conditions. In the future, of them involved partners from UNDP United Nations Rule of Law Project, which the decision to return home. UNHCR anticipates facilitating voluntary and UN-Habitat and focused on making is expected to expand access to justice and repatriation from Cameroon and Niger for relevant institutions accessible to both community‑oriented policing support to IDP, When conditions are not conducive to Nigerian refugees wishing to return to areas IDPs and returnees by enhancing local returnee and other displacement‑affected return, people may end up internally in the north‑east, if the security situation in governance mechanisms. The programme communities. displaced, seeking refuge outside their potential return areas becomes stable. also helped to improve refugee access country or otherwise at risk. Globally, to affordable housing and other essential UNHCR observed large, self‑organized In 2017, UNHCR assisted around services involved in the integration journey. returns to potentially unsafe situations and 58,800 registered Afghan refugees, where the sustainability of reintegration is mostly from Pakistan, to voluntarily return at risk. This scenario reflects the complex and strengthened its return monitoring and fluid dynamics in which many refugees systems in Afghanistan. Nevertheless, Omar © UNHCR/Feisal find themselves. People who wish to return there was a limited absorption capacity in Support programmes give Somali before circumstances are conducive have return areas notably due to a lack of work returnees a chance to rebuild better futures the right to do so. UNHCR’s response to and employment opportunities, clarity Despite ongoing challenges related to drought, food insecurity, such situations balances respect for every surrounding land and property rights and conflict and lack of services in Somalia, some 111,000 Somali refugees have returned home since 2014, mainly from Djibouti, Kenya and person’s right to return to their country restitution, and adequate housing. Together Yemen. UNHCR assisted nearly 35,000 refugees to repatriate from of origin or habitual residence, and the with a worsening security situation and Kenya to Somalia voluntarily in 2017. principle that repatriation should be on increased internal displacement, voluntary With partners, UNHCR is helping returnees like Fadumo transition the basis of a free and informed decision repatriation to, and sustainable reintegration back into their country of origin. The 24-year-old was born and raised by refugees without incentivizing or in, Afghanistan remained challenging. Fadumo sells her tie-dyed fabric in in Kenya’s Dadaab camp, but she and her family decided to return to Kismayo market where she also sells Kismayo in southern Somalia. encouraging them to return prematurely. fruit and vegetables. The situation in Burundi remained such However, settling in Somalia was not easy. Besides adjusting to a new In 2017, the Office continued to work with that UNHCR could not comprehensively environment rife with insecurity and a severe lack of infrastructure, partners to leverage the rule‑of‑law so as to encourage or promote returns. However, Fadumo needed a job to help her take care of her three young sons. make progress in the development, conflict She learned of a centre supporting returnees in Kismayo, which was UNHCR supported the voluntary return of prevention and peacebuilding sectors to run by the American Refugee Committee and UNHCR. She registered 13,000 refugees from the United Republic for courses in computer literacy and technical vocational training. help create conditions conducive for return of Tanzania to Burundi during the period of Fadumo has now started her own business and runs a busy workshop, of people of concern. September to December 2017. In Burundi, making beautiful garments that she sells in the local market. She has For example, UNHCR prepared for the a joint FAO, UNDP, UNFPA and UNHCR found success, and a sense of belonging, for the first time in her life. “Life here is much better than in the refugee camp,” she says. “I can facilitated voluntary repatriation of a group programme supported border monitoring afford food. I am able to pay rent and take my eldest son to school.” of refugees from the Republic of the Congo and access to justice, and security and to one area of the Central African Republic social services for returnees and local (CAR), while simultaneously responding to communities, along with increased work a displacement emergency in another part and employment opportunities. The Office In the CAR, UNHCR worked with Globally, UNHCR supported other of the country. In Nigeria, while there were also facilitated the voluntary return of peacebuilding and development partners mechanisms promoting social cohesion, reports of significant self‑organized returns, refugees elsewhere, including to Côte d’Ivoire, to include IDPs and potential returnees in such as inter‑faith platforms and return Mali, Somalia, Sri Lanka and Sudan. a national perception survey on justice, committees, to encourage stronger security and peace. With partners, the connections between returnees and Office also supported returnees’ access national civil society. In Honduras, to Cash for returnees to housing, land and property, in addition help address potential conflict in areas In 2017, UNHCR started working to help returnees from Kenya access banking services in Somalia. Returnees were to aiding the work of local peace and where refugees were returning, UNHCR able to use ID cards issued by UNHCR to access their funds. The initiative involved UNHCR bringing together its reconciliation committees. encouraged civil society cooperation work in cash assistance programmes and its relationship with private sector partners to create opportunities for people of concern for financial inclusion.

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between local and national authorities. This residence permits to former Rwandan Community‑based approaches promoted In 2017, UNHCR was heartened by the work The Global included work to analyze the local housing, refugees no longer requiring international social cohesion within displaced of the Global Mayors Summit and Cities Mayors Summit and Cities land and property situations in line with the protection, without the requirement of a populations by ensuring inclusiveness of Solidarity. These entities demonstrated of Solidarity Comprehensive Regional Protection and national passport. It is also moving forward and representation of all groups, including the value of leadership at the local level showcase the value of local Solutions Framework, known as MIRPS— on granting permanent residency visas to those with specific needs and the most in building successful refugee integration leadership Marco Integral Regional para la Protección former Angolan refugees. marginalized. Regular participatory policies and approaches. In Latin America, in refugee y Soluciones, the regional iteration of the assessments were undertaken with where Cities of Solidarity is based, integration in Beyond its legal and social components, Latin America. CRRF. In Sudan, a joint United Nations refugees on their integration experience, authorities in Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica, and local integration is also an economic process programme continued to strengthen justice with proposals and feedback given to Ecuador made progress towards better whereby refugees become less reliant and security, including dispute resolution national authorities. inclusion of refugees in social safety nets on State and humanitarian aid over time. mechanisms, and the rebuilding of the and in health and housing programmes As refugees become more economically Other interventions globally included criminal justice system in pilot areas where (see the Americas regional summary). In independent, their contribution to their initiatives with cultural institutes, IDPs are likely to return. Mexico, UNHCR supported the relocation host communities grows too. In recognition participation in State working groups, of refugees from border regions to the city Local integration of the importance of economic inclusion joint assessments of the challenges to of Saltillo, where there is a specific local 200 to refugees, in 2017, UNHCR continued local integration which took into account National ID cards Local integration for refugees in a country integration programme and opportunities were issued to encourage States to better facilitate the perspectives of refugees and local of asylum is a complicated and gradual for formal work. Relevant ministries and by Ecuador to refugee access to labour opportunities and communities, and work with private refugees in 2017, process with the hope of leading to a employers have ensured coordinated allowing them employment (for more information on this, sector and civil society actors involved durable solution. The process has different support to refugees seeking to access to exercise the see the section on Economic inclusion and in improving reception conditions and same rights but inter‑related dimensions. the labour market. Recognizing the need and services as livelihoods in this chapter). integration prospects. For example, in for secure land tenure to facilitate local nationals. Local integration is a legal and civil‑political Mexico the UN High Commissioner for In addition, local integration is a social integration, UNHCR worked with authorities process. Host States grant refugees Refugees met with Chief Executive Officers and cultural process that involves the in Colombia on legalizing 30 informal urban a progressively wider range of rights to discuss the role of the corporate sector relationship between host communities and IDP settlements, an essential step towards and entitlements, which are broadly to further support refugee integration. In refugees, and requires public institutions local integration and helping IDPs enjoy commensurate with those enjoyed by Gambia, UNHCR met with authorities to to meet the needs of a diverse population. rights such as access to housing, land and nationals. These include freedom of discuss how refugees’ access to agricultural Promoting peaceful coexistence between work and employment. Also in Colombia, movement, access to education and the land might be included as part of that displaced and host communities is one UNHCR was hopeful that the development labour market, access to public services, country’s plans to stimulate development of UNHCR’s Global Strategic Priorities, of a new government policy on the the possibility of acquiring and disposing and economic growth in rural areas. and is aligned with the principles of management of urban settlements would of property, and valid travel and identity inclusion contained in the CRRF. In 2017, UNHCR continued to broaden engagement help deliver benefit to people of concern as documents. Family reunification is also community‑based approaches to protection with local and national authorities, and host well as host communities. crucial to local integration. As a result, provided opportunities for displaced communities. All of these stakeholders UNHCR continued to advocate in 2017 for and host communities to jointly identify have a role to play in the successful naturalization and permanent residence concerns, and design and implement integration of refugees. In Europe, the with States. The Office also supported actions to respond to them. Office has developed a partnership with refugees in addressing administrative and OECD to develop ten case studies on local practical barriers in accessing these rights, In Brazil, the national government and the authorities’ engagement with refugees, to and worked with national authorities on municipality of São Paulo continued work better understand refugee policy in cities. legal integration policy and legislation. to create conditions conducive to refugee An example of where local authorities took inclusion. Together, the municipality, Between late 2016 and 2017, Costa Rica, a leading role in integration is in the city of international organizations, civil society India, Kazakhstan, Mexico and the former Gdansk in Poland. There, local authorities members, migrants, and refugees Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia all granted developed an integration plan in 2016 that developed the first public policy for citizenship to refugees. Zambia also was so successful it was rolled out to a inclusion and integration. confirmed that it would issue three‑year further 11 other Polish towns and cities in 2017.

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RESETTLEMENT Resettlement The Syrian Resettlement Core Group played Complementary pathways a critical role in mobilizing support for to protection and solutions AT A GLANCE 2017 large-scale resettlement, testing new While resettlement remains one of the approaches to processing people for most important tools by which States can 71.4 MILLION resettlement, sharing best practices and meet the protection needs of refugees, PEOPLE OF CONCERN building relationships between States complementary pathways for admission can with a critical interest in better responding provide further opportunities to achieve to refugee outflows from the Syrian long-lasting solutions. By learning new 19.9 MILLION 1.2 MILLION 75,200 Arab Republic (Syria). In August 2017, a REFUGEES UNDER UNHCR’S MANDATE REFUGEES IN NEED OF RESETTLEMENT RESETTLEMENT SUBMISSIONS skills, contributing to the labour market, Central Mediterranean Core Group for acquiring an education, or reuniting with enhanced resettlement and complementary Top five nationalities in need of resettlement Resettlement submissions by age and gender family members in third countries, refugees pathways was established. The Group can enjoy a safe and lawful stay in a place mobilized efforts to increase resettlement Syrian Arab Republic where their international protection needs Dem. Rep. of the Congo for the most vulnerable refugees, and Central African Rep. are met. Complementary pathways are not < 18 24% 27% proactively pursued opportunities for South Sudan 18-59 23% 23% meant as a substitute for the protection Afghanistan safe and regulated admission through afforded to refugees under the international Other 60+ 1% 1% complementary pathways (for more protection regime: rather, they complement information on the central Mediterranean it and serve as an important expression situation see the chapter on Safeguarding of solidarity and responsibility-sharing, as fundamental rights). reaffirmed in the New York Declaration and Many refugees cannot return home because The Office advanced the quality and UNHCR invested in, and widened, its the CRRF. integrity of resettlement processes, in of continued conflict and persecution. Some partnerships with States and non-traditional particular through a resettlement innovation While refugees face many barriers and live in perilous situations or have specific actors to expand resettlement and project. This project involved UNHCR challenges in accessing complementary needs that cannot be addressed in the humanitarian admission. It participated in taking stock of its internal procedures pathways—for instance, obtaining exit country where they have sought protection. the Global Refugee Sponsorship Initiative while leveraging existing innovations in the permits, entry visas or travel documents or In such circumstances, UNHCR helps them to promote and support the establishment resettlement process. meeting strict eligibility criteria—important resettle to a third country. of community-based sponsorship progress was made in 2017. UNHCR In 2017, there were 19.9 million refugees Throughout the year, the Office helped programmes. The Office assisted civil supported action on States’ pledges and of concern to UNHCR worldwide, of which States implement protection-centred society involvement in these programmes existing initiatives on complementary 1.2 million were in need of resettlement. resettlement programmes and influenced by conducting two scoping assessments pathways, for instance higher education However, close to 75,200 resettlement legal and policy developments that could in Argentina and Chile and coordinating programmes offered by France and Japan places were made available—a 54 per cent impact resettlement, particularly in the a roundtable in Brazil. Its efforts led to for Syrian refugees. The Office developed drop compared to 2016 (163,200). European Union. UNHCR expanded the stronger participation of civil society in guidance in setting up the systems The fall represents declining resettlement global resettlement base through the the implementation of community-based and mechanisms needed to support opportunities driven by a changed emerging resettlement countries joint sponsorship programmes. Through annual complementary pathways and worked international environment. mechanism (ERCM). Advocacy efforts tripartite consultations on resettlement, and with all those concerned, including States, helped contribute towards increased working groups on integration, integrity In response, UNHCR stepped up civil society, the private sector, academia, resettlement quotas by some States, this and capacity-building, UNHCR also built its advocacy efforts to increase the governmental organizations and refugees. included ensuring access to emergency and maintained partnerships with States, number of resettlement places and resettlement places for refugees whose sponsoring organizations, multilateral ensure programmes were protection lives were at imminent risk (see regional and NGO partners, the private sector, centred, strategic and in line with global summaries). development actors, academia and refugee resettlement priorities. communities.

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With the OECD, UNHCR initiated a development programming and policy

© UNHCR/Jordi Matas © UNHCR/Jordi mapping of non‑humanitarian, safe and approaches to this issue in OECD countries. Goodwill Ambassador support regulated entry and visa pathways used by Together, ILO and UNHCR in 2017 explored refugees in OECD countries. Initial findings, ways to implement complementary UNHCR Goodwill Ambassadors, such as Khaled Hosseini, highlighted UNHCR’s essential work building better futures for displaced people. presented in November 2017, are hoped pathways through labour mobility, which are Hosseini’s mission to Uganda explored the impact of innovative to better inform future UNHCR guidance detailed in a joint work plan. approaches such as land-sharing between Ugandan nationals and on complementary pathways, and improve refugees, while David Morrissey’s meeting with a Syrian family recently housed in London gave a human angle to the resettlement process. Alek Wek also penned an op-ed for CNN, emphasizing to global audiences the central importance of education for refugee empowerment. UNHCR Goodwill Ambassador, Khaled Hosseini, with Ugandan Yahaya AREAS OF INTERVENTION KEY ACHIEVEMENTS Onduga, Head of the Local Committee (LC) at Bidibidi settlement, Uganda. DURABLE SOLUTIONS

UNHCR assisted countries in the Asia the adoption of an African Union protocol SUPPORT VOLUNTARY RETURN IN SAFETY AND DIGNITY. IN 2017, UNHCR:

and the Pacific and the Middle East and on free movement of people, the right of Support refugees’ voluntarily return in Supported 518,600 refugees to voluntarily return in safety and dignity in situations North Africa regions, as well as countries residence and establishment, which will safety and dignity in situations where where conditions permitted. conditions are conducive concerned by the central Mediterranean create opportunities for refugees to access Assisted 19,000 Rwandans to return home. The Rwanda Comprehensive Solutions Strategy formally ended in December 2017. Since its inception in 2009, some route situation, to design solutions strategies solutions in the region. UNHCR established 70,000 Rwandans have returned. for refugees and identified interventions new partnerships with, for example, the Conducted structured dialogues with refugees in countries of asylum, together with and partnerships that could expand refugee United World Colleges (UWC) to expand national authorities, development partners, and other stakeholders, and with IDPs and returnees in countries of origin to plan and support sustainable reintegration. access to these safe and regulated avenues. secondary education for refugee students At the regional level, the Office supported in third countries. Develop Multi-Year, Multi-Partner solutions Developed 22 Multi-Year, Multi-Partner (MYMP) protection and solutions strategies. strategies, together with national These strategies include support for voluntary repatriation and reintegration, where authorities, development partners and relevant, based on the context. other stakeholders, for the reintegration of refugee and IDP returnees © UWC The United World Colleges helps expand REALIZE POTENTIAL FOR INTEGRATION. IN 2017, UNHCR: refugee access to secondary education Make integration more sustainable Supported governments and engaged with UNCTs on the inclusion of people of concern in local and national development plans and sector-specific projects, including through A UNHCR-supported initiative is working to provide 100 refugees the roll-out of the CRRF and MYMP protection and solutions strategies. and internally displaced students with a scholarship for secondary Developed technical guidance for operations on inclusion in local and national development education at UWC schools and colleges every year. plans. In 2017, less than 1 per cent of refugees attended university and Supported the government of Malawi to conduct an institutional capacity self-assessment only 23 per cent attended secondary school. But UWC, a member of on RSD systems. UNHCR’s #WithRefugees coalition, is hoping its commitment to young Strengthen capacities for including specific Implemented 3 projects on housing, land and property with development actors in refugees and IDPs worldwide will help to change that. needs of people of concern in national Myanmar, Somalia and Ukraine. processes related to housing, land and A lack of access to education is a major issue facing young refugees. The United World Colleges has helped Continued to roll out a project in Niger aimed at identifying and resolving ongoing and extend access to education for refugees. property projects in partnerships with Of the 19.9 million refugees under UNHCR’s mandate, half are potential housing, land and property related challenges to the achievement of durable development actors children. The education of these young refugees is crucial to the solutions by refugees, IDPs and returnees. peaceful and sustainable development of the countries that have welcomed them, and to their home countries when they return. Yet SUPPORT COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT AND SELF-RELIANCE. IN 2017, UNHCR: compared to other children and adolescents around the world, the Identify obstacles to accessing rights Worked with peacebuilding and development partners to include refugees from the gap in opportunity for refugees has continued to grow. and related national services from the CAR in a national perception survey on justice, security and peace. UWC, which has 17 secondary schools on four continents, supported perspective of affected communities 47 refugee students to undertake their international baccalaureate diploma in 2017 by giving them access to universities worldwide. UWC’s students are selected by national committees in 159 countries according to their potential and independent of socioeconomic means.

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REALIZE POTENTIAL FOR RESETTLEMENT. IN 2017, UNHCR: IMPROVE ACCESS TO QUALITY EDUCATION

Submit resettlement cases Made 75,200 resettlement submissions globally to 35 States. McConnell © UNHCR/Andrew Assisted 6 countries to develop and expand their resettlement and humanitarian admission programmes through guidance and technical advice, training and capacity-building activities, and the mobilization of international expertise. Commissioned a review of its resettlement processing methods to maximize efficiencies and map innovative field practices. Submitted 10 comprehensive proposals outlining key resettlement priorities to resettlement States, including to the European Union. This led to increased quotas by several important State resettlement programmes, including Australia, Iceland, Sweden and the United Kingdom. Advocated, with resettlement States through the Syria Resettlement Core Group, the submission of more than 37,000 cases for Syrian refugees. Established a new core group for enhanced resettlement and complementary pathways along the central Mediterranean route.

Arrange resettlement departures Arranged the departure of some 65,100 refugees globally to 34 resettlement States.

Ensure the integrity of the process Issued a new policy on addressing fraud committed by people of concern. Undertook anti-fraud assessment missions and provided regular guidance to support targeted operations on fraud risks, prevention and response. Developed an online training module for the new anti-fraud policy. Organized webinars for resettlement staff on integrity measures in case processing. Training and capacity-building Organized resettlement learning programmes, interview learning programmes and counselling skills workshops, as well as on the job training in resettlement policy and procedures for 300 UNHCR staff and affiliated workers. Rohingya refugee children in the classroom after receiving school supplies in a camp school in Bangladesh. Trained 46 government officials and NGO staff in new or emerging resettlement countries on ERCM. Launched a comprehensive web-based resettlement data portal (http://rsq.unhcr.org), to provide an accessible evidence base of UNHCR’s global resettlement programme. “Refugees have skills and talents that only need a chance to grow and flourish.” SUPPORT AND EXPAND COMPLEMENTARY PATHWAYS. IN 2017, UNHCR: —Filippo Grandi, UN High Commissioner for Refugees Facilitate complementary pathways Supported States and partners in 6 countries to establish and develop for refugees to third countries and community-based sponsorship, including as a co-founder of the Global Refugee mechanisms for enhanced protection and Sponsorship Initiative. solutions In collaboration with the Government of Japan, supported 19 Syrian students and their families to complete a master’s degree in Japan. Applying a “whole‑of‑society” approach, children and youth in national education With the involvement of civil society, assisted 25 Syrian refugees to study at the Universities of Toulouse and Montpellier, through a scholarship programme sponsored UNHCR has systematically worked on the plans. The CRRF approach builds on this by the Occitane-Pyrénées-Méditerranée region in France. commitment in SDG 4 to “ensure inclusive, commitment by making the inclusion of Supported Argentina and Brazil in implementing their humanitarian visa programmes equitable quality education for all”. All refugee children and youth in the national for Syrians, leading to the arrival of more than 600 Syrians in Argentina and the establishment of necessary legal and institutional capacities in Brazil. partners are encouraged to include refugee education systems one of its core elements.

Capacities and partnerships strengthened Forged new partnerships to expand resettlement and complementary pathways to in the identification, development and protection and solutions, including with the Global Refugee Sponsorship Initiative on expansion of complementary pathways community sponsorship, the Center for Global Development on increasing financing for resettlement, and the Community of Sant’Egidio on the humanitarian corridors project. With the NGO partner, Talent Beyond Boundaries, established a database of refugee talent in Jordan and Lebanon to expand labour mobility opportunities in third countries. More than 9,000 refugees were registered in 2017. Developed UNHCR training module on complementary pathways and trained staff in the operations.

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AT A GLANCE | 2017

REFUGEE CHILDREN PRIMARY SCHOOL ENROLLMENT RATES CHILDREN WORLDWIDE

THEMATIC CHAPTERS | BUILDING BETTER FUTURES THEMATIC CHAPTERS | BUILDING BETTER FUTURES

EDUCATION 61%

AT A GLANCE | 2017 Source: UNESCO/UNHCR 91%

REFUGEE CHILDREN REFUGEE CHILDREN PRIMARY SCHOOL ENROLLMENT RATES SECONDARY SCHOOL ENROLLMENT RATES CHILDREN WORLDWIDE CHILDREN WORLDWIDE 61% 23%

Source: UNESCO/UNHCR 91% Source: UNESCO/UNHCR 84%

As one of the Education 2030 co‑convening priorities to include refugees in national In 2017, UNHCR continued to address UNHCR continued to support alternative UNHCR launched agencies, UNHCR supported the Regional education systems. Stronger collaboration barriers to education for refugee students and flexible education options for refugee a multi-year REFUGEE CHILDREN Meeting of Ministers of Education ofSECONDARY with SCHOOL the Intergovernmental ENROLLMENT RATES Authority by supporting alternative pathways to children and youth who have missed out youth education programme Latin AmericaCHILDREN and WORLDWIDE the Caribbean in on Development (IGAD), which covers secondaryREFUGEE education. CHILDREN To that end, last on substantial amounts of schooling as a HIGHER EDUCATION ENROLLMENT RATES targeting January 2017 and the Ministerial SDG 4 seven countries in East Africa, led to a year, the CHILDRENOffice WORLDWIDEembarked on a multi-year result of forced displacement. Certified 230,000 refugee youth in four Regional Forum for Eastern Africa held commitment to include refugees in national youth education programme to increase accelerated education programmes helped countries to in the United Republic of Tanzania in education systems by 2020 (see the Africa access and completion of secondary increase access to flexible condensed encourage the 23% continuation of February 2017. For both regions, States regional summary). school for more than 230,000 displaced education programmes. In addition, the studies through made commitments and formulated young people and host community1% Office continued to lead the multi-agency secondary education and Source: UNESCO/UNHCR youth in Kenya, Pakistan, Rwanda and accelerated education working group skills training. 84% Uganda. The programme sought to create (AEWG)—a grouping that includes United Source: UNESCO/UNHCR opportunities for education and 36%training, Nations agencies, NGOs and development

© UNHCR/David Azia © UNHCR/David creating pathways to higher education and partners—and that works to expand Educate A Child Programme—Education actively encouraging youth to participate in the quality of accelerated education Above All Foundation decision-making processes and to monitor programming globally. REFUGEE CHILDREN UNHCR’s multi-year partnership with Educate A ChildHIGHER (EAC), anEDUCATION ENROLLMENT RATES programme impact. initiative of the EducationCHILDREN Above WORLDWIDE All foundation, founded and chaired by Her Highness Sheikha Moza bint Nasser of Qatar, continued to provide quality education and increase primary enrolment rates of refugee and IDP children in 12 countries across Africa, Asia and the Middle East. The partnership between EAC and UNHCR has1% helped to strengthen education programming, identifying and addressing barriers refugee Bako, a refugee teacher at the Ofonze children face in enrolling, attending and completing primary school. Primary School in Bidibidi settlement in This has been achievedSource: UNESCO/UNHCRthrough activities such as the delivery of Uganda, poses with teaching supplies Cash for education 36% received through the Educate A Child certified qualifications, training courses for primary school teachers, programme. Cash-based interventions (CBIs), when paired with education programmes, have improvements to infrastructure and cash-based interventions. The become a useful tool to address barriers to education in a variety of contexts. partnership has also supported host countries’ efforts to include refugees and IDP children in national education planning. Close to UNHCR has increasingly used CBIs to support education of refugees and others of concern, while 680,500 children were enrolled in primary education in EAC countries also preserving their right to make choices about their own needs. In Pakistan, UNHCR provides cash of focus since the beginning of the project, including over 355,000 assistance to girls in grades 9-12 in refugee villages in Balochistan. Sensitive to the unique cultural constraints in 2017. “I like teaching refugee children who need teachers who can placed on girls in the area, the Office has developed separate girls-only classrooms with female teachers and understand their situation best and provide them with the special located within two kilometres of the refugee villages. This allows girls to walk to school in groups rather than care they need,” says Bako, a refugee teacher who received school take public transport. These seemingly simple adaptations to the programme design, combined with the financial supplies from the UNHCR and EAC project in Uganda. reward for school attendance, encourages families to allow their daughters to stay in school.

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AT A GLANCE | 2017

REFUGEE CHILDREN PRIMARY SCHOOL ENROLLMENT RATES CHILDREN WORLDWIDE 61%

Source: UNESCO/UNHCR 91%

REFUGEE CHILDREN SECONDARY SCHOOL ENROLLMENT RATES CHILDREN WORLDWIDE

THEMATIC CHAPTERS | BUILDING BETTER FUTURES 23% THEMATIC CHAPTERS | BUILDING BETTER FUTURES

Source: UNESCO/UNHCR 84%

REFUGEE CHILDREN The Albert Einstein Academic Refugee The programme reported a 44 per cent HIGHER EDUCATION ENROLLMENT RATES The DAFI higher CHILDREN WORLDWIDE Initiative (DAFI), funded by the Government increase of DAFI scholarships in 2017 education of Germany, with support from other scholarship compared to 2016 and the programme programme has partners including, increasingly, private reach an additional 13 countries of continued to donors, provides scholarships that enable operation. Beyond scholarships, over help improving refugee access to 1% refugees to undertake undergraduate 3,500 refugee students in 12 countries have higher education. degree in their country of asylum. Since its now participated in DAFI‑facilitated digital In 2017, the programme creation in 1992, more than 14,000 DAFI connected learning programmes run by a supported Source: UNESCO/UNHCR 36% refugee students have been supported range of universities and organizations. 6,700 refugee students in through higher education, including 50 countries. 6,700 refugee students in 50 countries Access to higher education for refugees is a needed to build a future for themselves during 2017. pathway to solutions because it helps them and their community. Many refugees who develop leadership skills and is often critical graduate from higher education become for their future employment prospects. leaders in their communities, whether they Education also helps refugee students return to their country of origin, or settle in gain the knowledge, skills and experience their host country. © UNHCR/Helena Pes © UNHCR/Helena © UNHCR/Assadullah Nasrullah © UNHCR/Assadullah Innovation for education Award puts Malian refugee on road Innovative education programming and interventions, such as the to university in Mauritania Instant Network Schools and the Humanitarian Education Accelerator, Fatimetou is the only woman among 2017’s 18 DAFI scholarship helped boost refugee enrolments in education, improve the quality of recipients at Nouakchott University. The scholarship enables young teaching and learning, and contributed to building an evidence base of refugees to enrol in higher education. After her school in northern Mali innovative education programmes. closed and she was forced to flee to Mauritania, she did not imagine In partnership with the Vodafone Foundation, UNHCR established she would go to school again, let alone study English at university. 31 Instant Network Schools in the DRC, Kenya, South Sudan and the Most refugees in Mauritania have missed years of school and struggle United Republic of Tanzania. The integration of new technologies— to acquire an education, particularly at higher level. Many face a particularly interactive digital technologies—in teaching and learning Girl students using tablets pre-loaded Fatimetou feels relieved after finishing language barrier or lack the funds to support themselves during their environments transformed classrooms into innovation hubs for with educational software at their Instant her first English exam at Nouakchott studies. Often, girls like Fatimetou with parents who are illiterate, learning, thereby improving access to quality teaching and learning Network Schools (INS) classroom in Juba University. grow up believing that education is not an option for them. resources. As of the end of 2017, nearly 62,500 young refugees and primary school, Dadaab, Kenya. over 860 teachers had benefitted from these services. Fatimetou completed her baccalaureate in Mbera camp, which allowed her to compete for the DAFI scholarship. She is among a small Through the Humanitarian Education Accelerator programme, UNICEF and UNHCR are working on approaches number who took on the challenge of studying English in the to scale up innovative education projects. The programme helps five key partner organizations—Caritas, Kepler, Arabic- and French-speaking country. Libraries Without Borders, War Child and World University Service—to improve their monitoring and evaluation capacity in their work to deliver education projects in more than nine countries in Africa, Europe and the “The most important thing to me is to help my community,” she said. Middle East. With the support of the American Institute for Research, partner organizations in this work have “I want to be able to talk about the reality we experience to the world, now all developed research and evaluation plans. and I know that learning English will help me do that. It will also help me to understand the world and discover things that are different, In addition to establishing robust data management and improving education data quality, UNHCR commenced new and interesting ways of living.” a roll out in 2017 of a refugee education management information system that captures education statistics on refugee children. A regional workshop on this new system was held in Rwanda and included participants from five countries in the East Africa region.

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AREAS OF INTERVENTION KEY ACHIEVEMENTS ECONOMIC INCLUSION AND LIVELIHOODS BASIC NEEDS AND ESSENTIAL SERVICES UNHCR is committed to working in new Building on previous years’ results, IMPROVE ACCESS TO QUALITY EDUCATION. IN 2017, UNHCR: ways that include and empower refugees UNHCR expanded its work and Provide technical support to operations Together with the Global Partnership for Education, UNHCR supported 22 country and other people of concern. The Office partnerships in 2017 to improve the for inclusion of refugees within national programmes to develop and implement national education policies, programmes and has sought to build on refugees’ resilience, economic empowerment and inclusion of education systems and programmes practices that helped ensure students from both refugee and host communities could access high-quality education through national systems. knowledge and skills, recognizing refugees, in line with its global livelihoods Delivered 20 training and mentoring programmes. the contribution they can make to the strategy and its 2017–2021 Strategic development of their host communities. Directions. Increase enrolment and retention of out- Increased primary school enrolment from 50% to 61% globally and enrolled over of-school children and youth in primary 355,000 refugee children in primary school in 12 countries under the UNHCR-EAC ECONOMIC INCLUSION AND LIVELIHOODS and post-primary education in country partnership. operations Developed and launched a Youth Education Programme in 4 countries, focusing on AT A GLANCE 2017 secondary education.

Expand and promote the use of innovation Expanded innovative educational services in 20 countries, benefitting more than in education 150,000 refugees through Instant Network Schools and humanitarian education accelerator and other programmes. 60 COUNTRIES 72 Engaging with developing actors Coordinated the AEWG, which launched a set of guidance materials and a learning COUNTRIES agenda to strengthen the evidence base for accelerated education. Refugees accessed accelerated education programmes in 10 countries. 53 COUNTRIES IMPLEMENTED LIVELIHOODS AND Engaging with private sector Enhance access to tertiary education Expanded the provision of scholarships through the DAFI programme to 6,700 students. ECONOMIC INCLUSION INITIATIVES Rolled out 10 Connected Learning programmes on connected learning to support 43 COUNTRIES 3,500 refugee students to participate in higher education programmes. Facilitated access to financial services for people of concern

Benefited from livelihoods and economic inclusion programmes: 1.2 MILLION 152,000 People of concern Host community members

Work to support refugees’ economic completed analysis in six countries. These The graduation independence continued to require diverse assessments helped ensure that initiatives approach is a partnerships with development, private designed to help boost refugee economic time-bound, sequenced sector, government and civil society independence took into account local household- partners. In 2017, UNHCR focused on market conditions. level livelihood intervention, ensuring the sustainability and efficacy which has of its work and economic inclusion and Expanding efforts for refugees’ proven effective in supporting livelihoods initiatives across 72 countries. economic and financial people living These efforts necessarily relied on the inclusion in host countries in extreme poverty and involvement and support of key partners. Building on the results of UNHCR’s other vulnerable Reflecting the growing recognition of work populations to graduation approach pilots since 2014, the achieve sustained and employment to refugee well-being, Office worked with the NGO, Trickle Up, income and asset the Office also increased its number of in gains and begin to roll out new projects with this approach the journey out of country livelihoods experts from 39 in 2016 targeting refugees and host community deep poverty. to 61 in 2017. UNHCR also worked with ILO members living in extreme poverty in to assess labour market and other economic Argentina, Mozambique and Sudan in factors in refugee hosting countries and 2017. The Office also maintained its

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support of its existing projects in six other graduation approach generated interest Promoting entrepreneurship and local markets through the MADE51 countries—in Burkina Faso, Costa Rica, from government and development actors initiative, which focuses on market access, Ecuador, Egypt, Zambia and Zimbabwe. In in new contexts, such as Lebanon, Pakistan UNHCR increased its collaboration in 2017 design and empowerment for refugee all countries, UNHCR and Trickle Up worked and Uganda, who were keen to scope with development actors and the private artisans. The Office introduced product with government stakeholders and local out opportunities to invest in, and include sector. These efforts helped ensure greater lines created by refugees in partnerships NGOs. The Office’s work to promote the refugees in similar programmes. leveraging of comparative advantage and with local social enterprises in eleven resources. UNHCR embarked on a global, countries. The products underwent market Inclusive Market System collaborative initiative to better link refugee testing at the Maison & Objet trade show INCLUSIVE MARKET SYSTEM artisans’ access to international, regional in Paris. AT A GLANCE 2017 Improving livelihoods of people of concern and host communities through economic and financial inclusion. “It is only through sales that these refugee artisans will be able to employ their skills and earn income. By including refugee-made products in their sourcing plans, retailers and brands natural have a vital role to play. They can be part of the solution.” social CAPITAL physical INTERVENTIONS OUTCOMES —Filippo Grandi, UN High Commissioner for Refugees economic growth resilience human financial empowerment regained dignity © UNHCR/M.Ndubi

social cohesion infrastructure Market opportunities information technology SERVICES open up for refugee entrepreneurs assistance training Kapya, a 40-year-old refugee, has lived in Kenya since 2000 after finance energy solutions limited access to services participation protection fleeing war in the Congo. The only thing he carried with him was his jobs skill in making sculptures. Kapya currently employs six refugees and limited access limited access three Kenyans and is a participant in UNHCR’s enterprise development to work to information programme. xenophobia “I started carving when I was about 20-years-old back home in the CHALLENGES Congo. There are so many trees in my country and working with wood Kapya Katungwa, a refugee from the is our tradition,” says Kapya. Congo, arranging his pieces during the norms laws Market Day in Nairobi, Kenya. Among the challenges experienced by refugee artisans are limited standards informal rules access to local, national and international markets owing to lack of documentation; lack of information on markets registries available; and inaccessibility of product development RULES AND REGULATIONS services.

Expanding its efforts to advance refugees’ Development Cooperation Agency (Sida) Together with FAO and IFAD, UNHCR community in Dollo Ado, southern Ethiopia financial inclusion, UNHCR also partnered also partnered with Grameen Crédit worked on joint agriculture development (see Africa regional summary). By the end with UNCDF to establish a joint, multi‑year Agricole Foundation to implement the programmes in 12 countries, including value of 2017, results appeared positive, with facility to improve efforts to work with Credit Guarantee Facility in Jordan and chain development for livestock, animal self-sustained employment opportunities financial service providers in ten countries. Uganda, which provides refugees and feed, crops and vegetables. Funded by generated for more than 1,500 households The establishment of this new facility host communities with access to financial the IKEA Foundation, UNHCR continued including in irrigation, agriculture, animal helped encourage financial service services through a lender’s guarantee to work on irrigation infrastructure husbandry, livestock management, and providers to grant refugees and host facility, as well as loans (for more development and livestock interventions leather craft. communities access to credit, savings, information on cash‑based interventions, benefiting both refugees and the host financial services and micro‑insurance. see the chapter on Responding with UNHCR and the Swedish International Lifesaving support).

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Promoting the right to work To promote refugees’ access to local AREAS OF INTERVENTION KEY ACHIEVEMENTS labour markets, UNHCR deepened its While host governments, development collaboration with ILO and OECD in 2017. FAVOURABLE PROTECTION ENVIRONMENT New refugee actors, the private sector and UNHCR have policies were An ILO recommendation on employment adopted, or made significant advances in fostering DEVELOP OR STRENGTHEN LAW AND POLICY. IN 2017, UNHCR: and decent work for peace and resilience are in the refugee self reliance, access to legal process of being served as a useful advocacy tool and Advocate for law and policy to protect, Provided technical input and protection expertise during the drafting of an ILO implemented, in employment and decent work remains respect and fulfil the right to work for recommendation on employment and decent work for peace and resilience. a starting point for conversations with refugees countries such limited in certain contexts. as Djibouti and stakeholders about refugees’ access to Ethiopia, which employment and decent work. UNHCR DURABLE SOLUTIONS have granted Several CRRF roll-out countries started refugees broader adopting new policies to enable refugees to and OECD worked with private sector IMPROVE SELF-RELIANCE AND ACCESS TO LIVELIHOODS. IN 2017, UNHCR: rights to foster benefit from essential social services on par stakeholders to tackle barriers to refugees’ self-reliance and Support and enhance enabling Developed a joint OECD-UNHCR action plan to encourage employers to hire refugees, inclusion. with nationals, as part of efforts to deliver employment and promoted refugees’ environment for refugees’ economic based on the outcome of consultations with private sector employers in Europe and integrated services for both refugees access to labour markets in OECD inclusion Canada. and host communities (see chapter on countries. The fourth OECD dialogue held Worked with ILO to fundraise for implementation of market-based livelihoods interventions. This resulted in the development of an agriculture project proposal and initial funding Expanding partnerships). in Canada saw 36 private sector employers approval of $6.1 million in Cameroon. discuss and develop recommendations to Promote the financial inclusion of refugees Strengthened partnership with Sida to roll out a $15 million Credit Guarantee Facility in address barriers to refugees’ employment. Jordan and Uganda. A joint UNHCR-OECD policy brief was Extended financial services to refugees by partnering with Financial Sector Deepening published and promoted with key Africa in Rwanda for a market assessment and a “design sprint” competition for financial service providers (FSPs). supporters of refugees in OECD countries. Forged partnership with UNCDF on the establishment of a technical assistance facility for FSPs in 10 countries, as well as research on issues affecting refugees’ access to affordable remittance channels.

Increase income levels and employment In partnership with Trickle Up, introduced the graduation approach targeting the poorest opportunities for poor and ultra-poor and most vulnerable refugees and host community members in 3 countries (Argentina, refugees in a coordinated manner Mozambique and Sudan) in addition to the 6 pilots (in Burkina Faso, Costa Rica, Ecuador,

© UNHCR/Nodira Akbaralieva © UNHCR/Nodira Egypt, Zambia, and Zimbabwe) for which continued support was provided on the ongoing implementation of the strategy. UNHCR and Sheraton Hotel in Tajikistan With FAO, launched joint agriculture programmes for refugees in 12 countries. offer Afghan refugees a chance to shine Tajikistan hosts the largest number of refugees in the Central Asian Increase technical capacity of UNHCR Trained staff and partners in 18 operations and supported monitoring of the impact of region, some 3,000 people, primarily from neighbouring Afghanistan. country operations in economic inclusion livelihoods interventions with revised livelihoods indicators, surveys and mobile-based To help both refugees and the local population to compete in the and livelihoods programming tools. labour market, UNHCR and the Sheraton Hotel launched an innovative Deployed livelihood experts in 13 operations, 10 of which were identified through the programme. The programme runs twice yearly, for four months at livelihoods roster. a time. Upon completion, apprentices are issued with accredited Trained 50 UNHCR staff and partners on livelihoods and economic inclusion, including certificates. through a global training session hosted by Hungary and an in-country training session in Cameroon engaging government, humanitarian and development actors. Nargis Alinazar Timuri, a determined 27-year-old Afghan refugee, is Nargis fled Afghanistan and was forced Published the joint UNHCR-ILO “Guide to market-based livelihood interventions for to abandon her studies. She has been one of five refugees selected for this pilot apprenticeship programme, refugees” in 4 languages and shared with UNHCR field staff and other practitioners. along with five Tajik youngsters. She has been assigned to the selected with UNHCR and Sheraton to participate in the pilot apprenticeship housekeeping department. “I couldn’t sleep after the first day, I was Trained 40 participants from UNHCR, ILO, government agencies, the private sector and programme. civil society on market-based livelihoods interventions for refugees. The course, offered really excited,” she said. The group will learn the secrets of high end by UNHCR and ILO-ITC, will be held annually in the future. hospitality–from immaculate housekeeping and fine dining to basic management. “I thought this is my chance to apprentice at an Improve strategic planning for economic In collaboration with ILO, supported 6 countries (Argentina, Cameroon, the DRC, international hotel,” said Nargis. “This could open doors for me in the inclusion and livelihoods Djibouti, Pakistan, and Tunisia) to complete market and value chain analysis. Results of future, maybe even a job in a hotel anywhere in the world.” the assessments were used to design economic inclusion and livelihoods strategies that are market-oriented. With IFAD, developed a targeting study for refugees that will benefit from a 3-year livestock project in 4 districts of Jordan.

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ACCESS TO ENERGY AND A HEALTHY ENVIRONMENT people the possibility to work and study solar mini‑grids to complement existing

© UNHCR/Georgina Goodwin longer. As a result, in Ethiopia, UNHCR power supplies. Refugees were also trained established energy cooperatives across as vendors for company products, thereby refugee and host communities, enabling creating an opportunity for refugees to them to purchase energy for marketplace, generate income. livelihood and household activities using © UNHCR/Tony Karumba Launch of International Olympic Committee campaign to bring light to refugee camps There are around 4 million refugees living in more than 230 refugee camps worldwide without access to adequate lighting. When night falls, almost all activity ends. The effects of this are stark. There is no option for family or community gatherings or activities; no possibility for work, sports, culture, education or music. It can be dangerous for refugees to do even the most mundane of activities like walking to the washroom or going to see a friend— A mother carries firewood to her shelter especially for women and girls, who are exposed to a significant risk at Mahama refugee camp in Rwanda’s of SGBV. Eastern Province. When night falls, the camp is in darkness. Through its “Become the light” campaign, the International Olympic Committee has teamed up with UNHCR to bring light to residents of Mahama refugee camp, in northern Rwanda. A Burundian refugee works in the tree-planting nursery at Nduta camp, in the United Republic of Tanzania, established by the NGO, Relief to Development Society. The camp is home to more than 55,000 refugees who have fled violence in neighbouring Burundi.

Almost 10 million displaced people are options for clean cooking, electricity, living in camp settings. The vast majority lighting, as well as the use of clean and of these people have minimal access to affordable energy in refugee schools, health Environmental protection environmental actors before and after energy for cooking, lighting, education or and community centres. disasters. In areas hosting Rohingya UNHCR helped refugees and host livelihood activities. Many refugee camps refugees in Bangladesh, removal of Building on the CRRF approach, UNHCR communities access climate finance, and settlements remain in ecologically- vegetation on hillsides has created erosion revised its monitoring tools and indicators building resilience against shocks, and sensitive areas that are also vulnerable and increased the landslide and flood to improve how the impact of its energy promoting awareness of climate change. risk. UNHCR collaborated with the Asian to climate change (see the chapter on programmes was measured and to enable To increase the understanding and Disaster Preparedness Center and UNDP Safeguarding fundamental rights). In evidence‑based programming for energy management of natural resources, the to develop a risk map that will inform 2017, UNHCR focused on addressing interventions in refugee settings by the Office worked with partners to undertake preparedness and warning systems for environmental hazards that threaten people private sector and development partners. biomass and forest assessments and refugees. of concern and host communities, and work Lessons learned concerning cleaner fuels, developed environmental management to mitigate the impacts of environmental household and communal power, and plans. damage. reduced dependency on fossil fuel were collected to inform more efficient future To better understand and mitigate programming. UNHCR also focused on environmental impacts during the early Providing for the Access to energy basic energy improving refugees’ access to clean energy critical phases of emergencies, UNHCR needs of the In line with its Global Strategy for Safe to improve their health and well-being, in collaborated with partners to develop camp-based refugees is Access to Fuel and Energy (SAFE), particular for those living in camp settings. a coordinated assessment on the estimated to developed in 2014, UNHCR continued to Increasing access to electricity and lighting environment in cases of humanitarian cost more than action. This initiative aimed to improve $500 million treat energy as a cross‑cutting issue. The for refugee and host communities improves per year. Office focused on expanding green energy their safety, builds their dignity, and gives coordination of humanitarian and

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AREAS OF INTERVENTION KEY ACHIEVEMENTS © UNHCR/Xavier Bourgois © UNHCR/Xavier Reforestation operation in Minawao BASIC NEEDS AND ESSENTIAL SERVICES

refugee site, Cameroon POPULATION HAS INCREASED ACCESS TO CLEAN ENERGY. IN 2017, UNHCR:

As the region of Minawao in Cameroon faces critical deforestation Create lighting solutions to improve safety Installed solar mini grids in Ethiopia and Nepal to provide lighting and electricity. due to global warming and the activity of some 58,000 Nigerian during hours of darkness refugees, UNHCR and its partners, Land Life Company and LWF, Completed 12 megawatt solar power plant in Jordan, providing electricity to 80,000 people in Zaatari camp. started a reforestation project. In the next two years, they expect to plant—with the assistance of refugees—20,000 trees in and around the Increase access to energy products and In Rwanda, created livelihood opportunities for refugees by facilitating private sector site, using “cocoon” technology to allow plants to survive in a hostile services access to camps, and selling portable solar devices to ensure households have access environment. to a sustainable source of lighting. Trained refugees to act as vendors for company products, creating income generation The “Make Minawao green again” project aims to fight deforestation caused opportunities. by global warming and human activities in Cameroon. Reduce carbon emissions Introduced initiative to reduce emissions at UNHCR Headquarters and the need for offsets in the future. The solar farm in Jordan allows the yearly reduction of about 14,000 tons of CO2.

Improve health and well-being through In collaboration with other agencies and private sector, implemented an “alternatives to safe energy initiatives generators” strategy. A template for future hybrid energy solutions is being developed To ameliorate some of the immediate impacts poor quality fuels. In Chad, the introduction in Ethiopia and Zimbabwe. of environmental degradation, UNHCR has Finalized the procurement specifications for improved cooking stoves, having of fuel efficient wood reduced household established long-term agreements with suppliers. worked with communities to improve clean monthly wood use by 27 per cent. In Cameroon, continued the partnership with Landlife Company on its innovative cooking practices for refugees and host If households continued to use this watering cocoon, which helps trees survive and thrive in harsh conditions. Installed communities. Clean cooking practices have technology at the same levels in 2018, this 10,000 tree cocoons on camp and host community lands, with the long term view of improving the Zamay forest. helped to address the substantial health, could save an estimated 27 football fields of environmental, and social hazards related to forest and avoid 331 tons of CO2 emissions. Build capacity and expertise and Strengthened private sector and NGO partnerships, including with Eurelectric, GIZ, strengthen partnerships Phillips Lighting Foundation, Practical Action, Schneider and UNITAR to increase refugees’ access to energy. Updated and standardized environmental impact assessment approaches in emergency settings.

Refine and improve energy interventions Developed and improved energy indicators that will better measure (and monitor) through monitoring and evaluation energy programmes. Tested these newly developed indicators in Burkina Faso, Chad, Rwanda and the United Republic of Tanzania.

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AND PARTIES TO CONVENTIONS

MEMBERS OF UNHCR’s EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

AND STATES PARTIES TO THE REFUGEE AND 1951 1967 1954 1961 1951 1967 1954 1961 STATELESSNESS CONVENTIONS Gambia 1966 1967 2014 2014 Peru 1964 1983 2014 2014 Georgia 1999 1999 2011 2014 Philippines 1981 1981 2011 UNHCR is governed by the United Nations General Assembly and the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC). In 1958, Germany 1953 1969 1976 1977 Poland 1991 1991 ECOSOC established the Executive Committee of the High Commissioner’s Programme (ExCom), pursuant to a resolution Ghana 1963 1968 Portugal 1960 1976 2012 2012 of the General Assembly. Its main tasks are to approve the High Commissioner’s programmes, advise the High Greece 1960 1968 1975 Republic of Korea 1992 1992 1962 Commissioner in the exercise of his functions (mainly on protection issues), and oversee the Office’s finances and Guatemala 1983 1983 2000 2001 Republic of Moldova 2002 2002 2012 2012 administration. Guinea 1965 1968 1962 2014 Romania 1991 1991 2006 2006 Guinea‑Bissau 1976 1976 2016 2016 Russian Federation 1993 1993 th ExCom holds an annual session in Geneva every October. The 68 session took place from 2 to 6 October 2017. Meetings Haiti 1984 1984 Rwanda 1980 1980 2006 2006 of the Executive Committee’s Standing Committee are held at various dates throughout the year to carry on the work Holy See 1956 1967 Saint Kitts and Nevis 2002 between plenary sessions. Honduras 1992 1992 2012 2012 Saint Vincent and the 1993 2003 1999 ExCom membership is on the widest possible geographical basis from those States (members of the United Nations) with Hungary 1989 1989 2001 2009 Grenadines a demonstrated interest in, and devotion to, the solution of refugee problems. By the end of 2017, there were 101 ExCom Iceland 1955 1968 Samoa 1988 1994 members in the following table - in blue - which also shows the State Parties to the 1951 Refugee Convention relating to India Sao Tome and Principe 1978 1978 the Status of Refugees and its Protocol of 1967 and to the 1954 Convention relating to the Status of Stateless Persons and Iran (Islamic Republic of) 1976 1976 Senegal 1963 1967 2005 2005 the 1961 Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness. Ireland 1956 1968 1962 1973 Serbia 2001 2001 2001 2011 Israel 1954 1968 1958 Seychelles 1980 1980 Italy 1954 1972 1962 2015 Sierra Leone 1981 1981 2016 2016 Jamaica 1964 1980 2013 Slovakia 1993 1993 2000 2000 1981 1982 Slovenia 1992 1992 1992 Conventions on Japan the Status of Jordan Solomon Islands 1995 1995 ExCom members (in blue) Convention Stateless Persons and Kazakhstan 1999 1999 Somalia 1978 1978 and other States parties relating to the Status the Reduction of South Africa 1996 1996 to the Conventions of Refugees and its Statelessness Kenya 1966 1981 Protocol Kiribati 1983 1983 Spain 1978 1978 1997 1954 1961 Kyrgyzstan 1996 1996 Sudan 1974 1974 1951 1967 1951 1967 1954 1961 Latvia 1997 1997 1999 1992 Suriname 1978 1978 Lebanon Swaziland 2000 1969 1999 1999 Sweden 1954 1967 1965 1969 Afghanistan 2005 2005 Canada 1969 1969 1978 Lesotho 1981 1981 1974 2004 Switzerland 1955 1968 1972 Albania 1992 1992 2003 2003 Central African Republic Liberia 1964 1980 1964 2004 1962 1967 Tajikistan 1993 1993 Algeria 1963 1967 1964 (the) Libya 1989 1989 Thailand Angola 1981 1981 Chad 1981 1981 1999 1999 Liechtenstein 1957 1968 2009 2009 Chile 1972 1972 Lithuania 1997 1997 2000 2013 the former Yugoslav Antigua and Barbuda 1995 1995 1988 Republic of Macedonia 1994 1994 1994 China 1982 1982 Luxembourg 1953 1971 1960 2017 Argentina 1961 1967 1972 2014 Timor-Leste 2003 2003 Colombia 1961 1980 2014 Madagascar 1967 Armenia 1993 1993 1994 1994 Togo 1962 1969 Fiji, Lithuania and Congo 1962 1970 Malawi 1987 1987 2009 Burkina Faso and Australia 1954 1973 1973 1973 Trinidad and Tobago 2000 2000 1966 Paraguay became Costa Rica 1978 1978 1977 1977 Mali 1973 1973 2016 2016 Luxembourg acceded to ExCom members Austria 1954 1973 2008 1972 Tunisia 1957 1968 1969 2000 the 1961 Convention on Côte d’Ivoire 1961 1970 2013 2013 Malta 1971 1971 in 2017. Azerbaijan 1993 1993 1996 1996 Turkey 1962 1968 2015 the Reduction of Croatia 1992 1992 1992 2011 Mauritania 1987 1987 Bahamas (the) 1993 1993 Turkmenistan 1998 1998 2011 2012 Statelessness in 2017. Cyprus 1963 1968 Mexico 2000 2000 2000 Bangladesh Tuvalu 1986 1986 Czechia 1993 1993 2004 2001 Monaco 1954 2010 Barbados 1972 Uganda 1976 1976 1965 Dem. Rep. of the Congo 1965 1975 Montenegro 2006 2006 2006 2013 Belarus 2001 2001 Ukraine 2002 2002 2013 2013 Belgium 1953 1969 1960 2014 Denmark 1952 1968 1956 1977 Morocco 1956 1971 Djibouti 1977 1977 Mozambique 1983 1989 2014 2014 United Kingdom of Belize 1990 1990 2006 2015 Great Britain 1954 1968 1959 1966 Benin 1962 1970 2011 2011 Dominica 1994 1994 Namibia 1995 1995 and Northern Ireland Bolivia Dominican Republic 1978 1978 Nauru 2011 2011 1982 1982 1983 1983 United Republic of (Plurinational State of) Ecuador 1955 1969 1970 2012 Netherlands 1956 1968 1962 1985 1964 1968 Tanzania Bosnia and Herzegovina 1993 1993 1993 1996 Egypt 1981 1981 New Zealand 1960 1973 2006 United States of America 1968 Botswana 1969 1969 1969 El Salvador 1983 1983 2015 Nicaragua 1980 1980 2013 2013 Uruguay 1970 1970 2004 2001 Brazil 1960 1972 1996 2007 Equatorial Guinea 1986 1986 Niger 1961 1970 2014 1985 Venezuela Bulgaria 1993 1993 2012 2012 Estonia 1997 1997 Nigeria 1967 1968 2011 2011 1986 (Bolivarian Republic of) Burkina Faso 1980 1980 2012 2017 Ethiopia 1969 1969 Norway 1953 1967 1956 1971 Yemen 1980 1980 Burundi 1963 1971 Fiji 1972 1972 1972 Pakistan Zambia 1969 1969 1974 Cabo Verde 1987 Finland 1968 1968 1968 2008 Panama 1978 1978 2011 2011 Zimbabwe 1981 1981 1998 Cambodia 1992 1992 France 1954 1971 1960 Papua New Guinea 1986 1986 Cameroon 1961 1967 Gabon 1964 1973 Paraguay 1970 1970 2014 2012 Total Parties 145. 146 89. 70

236 UNHCR GLOBAL REPORT 2017 UNHCR GLOBAL REPORT 2017 237 Asylum Brazil Plan of Action admitted and stay in a country, for the retention of nationality by national protection for civil, Exclusion clauses The granting of protection by a In 2014, the Governments of and have their international those who would become cultural, economic, political and Legal provisions that deny the State on its territory to Latin America and the protection needs met while stateless if they were to lose social rights. Durable solutions benefits of international individuals from another State Caribbean met in Brasilia to they are also able to support their nationality to that State. can be achieved through protection to people who would who are fleeing persecution or mark the 30th anniversary of the themselves to potentially reach UNHCR has been mandated voluntary repatriation, local otherwise satisfy the criteria for serious danger. Asylum Cartagena Declaration on a sustainable and lasting with specific functions under integration, resettlement or refugee status. encompasses a variety of Refugees of 1984. At the end of solution. Complementary Article 11 of the Convention. complementary pathways. In the 1951 Convention, the elements, including the Ministerial Meeting, pathways are not meant to exclusion clauses are found in non-refoulement, permission to 28 countries and three substitute the protection Convention refugees Earmarking Articles 1D, 1E and 1F. These remain on the territory of the territories in Latin America and afforded to refugees under the Persons recognized as A donor restriction that limits or clauses apply to the following asylum country and humane the Caribbean adopted by international protection refugees by States, under the directs the purpose for which a categories: standards of treatment. acclamation the Declaration and regime—they complement it eligibility criteria in Article 1 of contribution may be used. • Individuals who are receiving Plan of Action of Brasilia, and serve as an important the 1951 Convention, and who protection or assistance from agreeing to work together to expression of global solidarity, are entitled to the enjoyment of UNRESTRICTED CONTRIBUTIONS United Nations agencies other Asylum-seeker maintain the highest standards international cooperation and a variety of rights under that (also referred to as than UNHCR. Any person who is seeking of protection at the international more equitable treaty. unearmarked funding) • Individuals who possess the international protection. and regional level, implement responsibility-sharing. These No limitations on the use of rights and obligations attached In countries with innovative solutions for refugees pathways may include family Convention relating to the funds. to the possession of nationality individualized procedures, an and displaced people, and end reunification, scholarship and Status of Refugees of their country of residence. asylum-seeker is someone the difficult situation faced by education programmes, as well (1951 Convention) SOFTLY EARMARKED • Individuals in respect of whom whose claim has not yet been stateless persons in the region. as labour regional mobility This treaty establishes the most CONTRIBUTION there are serious reasons for finally decided on by the schemes. widely applicable framework for Earmarked contributions considering that they have country in which the claim is Cash-based interventions the protection of refugees. towards a region (e.g. Africa), committed a crime against submitted. Not every Refers to all interventions in which Comprehensive Refugee The Convention was adopted in sub-region (e.g. West Africa), peace, a war crime, a crime asylum-seeker will ultimately cash or vouchers for goods or Response Framework (CRRF) July 1951 and entered into force Headquarters or global against humanity, a serious be recognized as a refugee, services are provided to refugees See New York Declaration for in April 1954. Article 1 of the programmes. Also includes non-political crime, or acts but every refugee was initially and other people of concern on Refugees and Migrants. Convention limits its scope to contributions for a specific Pillar contrary to the purposes and an asylum-seeker. an individual or community basis. “events occurring before (e.g. Pillar 1 – Refugees) at the principles of the United The concept does not include Comprehensive solutions 1st January 1951” but this global, regional or sub-regional Nations. AU Convention for the cash or vouchers provided to strategies restriction was removed by the level; as well as contributions for Protection and Assistance of governments or other state actors Strategies whereby UNHCR 1967 Protocol relating to the supplementary programmes that Executive Committee of the Internally Displaced Persons in or payments to humanitarian engages with concerned Status of Refugees. cover more than one country, High Commissioner’s Africa (Kampala Convention) workers or service providers. The parties (including authorities in such as at the sub-regional or Programme (ExCom) This African Union Convention term can be used interchangeably country of asylum, origin and Convention relating to the regional level for a specific The Committee charged with was adopted in 2009 and with cash-based transfers, cash affected refugees themselves) Status of Stateless Persons situation (e.g. Somalia situation); approving UNHCR’s assistance entered into force on transfer programming and cash with the aim of enhancing (1954 Convention) and contributions that are programmes, advising the 6 December 2012. It is the first assistance. solutions opportunities by A Convention that provides the earmarked for a specific theme High Commissioner on the legally binding instrument on applying a combination of definition of a stateless person or activity at the sub-regional exercise of his/her functions internal displacement on a Cessation clauses durable solutions. These and establishes a framework by level or higher. and overseeing the Office’s continent-wide scope. Legal provisions that set out the strategies have included which a stateless person, who finances and administration. It provides a comprehensive conditions in which refugee support for voluntary is lawfully resident in a State, EARMARKED CONTRIBUTION ExCom is composed of regional framework setting out status comes to an end repatriation; the strategic use of can have legal status. The Contributions that are representatives of 101 States provisions for the protection because it is no longer needed resettlement; increased Convention was adopted in earmarked for a specific (2017) with a demonstrated and assistance of IDPs. The or justified. Cessation clauses opportunities for local September 1954 and entered country, location or population interest in refugee issues. Convention also looks at the are found in Article 1C of the integration; support to into force in June 1960. without any further limitations. root causes of displacement 1951 Convention and in refugee-hosting communities Also includes contributions for First country of asylum concept and at ways to prevent it. Article I.4 of the 1969 OAU by UNHCR, development Dublin II regulation supplementary programmes An asylum-seeker may be Refugee Convention. partners and bilateral donors; A European Council Regulation, that cover only one country. refused access to the asylum Best interests assessment as well as maximized effective from 1 September 2003, procedure in the country where Assessment made by staff Community-based protection opportunities for greater which provides the legal basis TIGHTLY EARMARKED the application has been made regarding the individual approach mobility as a pathway to for establishing the criteria and CONTRIBUTION if the applicant has already protection needs of children of An inclusive partnership solutions. mechanism for determining the Contributions that are found protection as a refugee concern to UNHCR to ensure strategy that recognizes and State responsible for examining earmarked at the country level, in another country (i.e. where that care programmes give builds on the capacities and Convention on the Reduction of an asylum application in one of Headquarters or global international protection has primary consideration to the resources of people of concern, Statelessness (1961 Convention) the Member States of the EU programmes cost centres for been made available and is child’s best interests. by promoting participation in A treaty that provides for the (excluding Denmark), as well as specific sectors and/or accessible to the applicant). programme activities. acquisition of nationality by in Iceland, Liechtenstein, activities. All in-kind Best interests determination those who would otherwise be Norway and Switzerland. contributions and staff-related Global compact on refugees Formal process with strict Complementary pathways for stateless and who have an contributions, including JPOs, See New York Declaration for procedural safeguards admission to protection and appropriate link with the State, Durable solutions consultants and secondees fall Refuges and Migrants. designed to determine the solutions for refugees through birth on the territory or A durable solution is achieved under this category. child’s best interests for Safe and regulated avenues by through descent from a national. when a sustainable legal status particularly important decisions which refugees may be The Convention also provides is obtained which ensures affecting the child.

238 UNHCR GLOBAL REPORT 2017 UNHCR GLOBAL REPORT 2017 239 ANNEXES | GLOSSARY ANNEXES | GLOSSARY

Graduation approach SEVERE ACUTE MALNUTRITION New or Additional Activities— OAU Convention Governing the Protection Information Internally displaced person The graduation approach is a • Kwashiorkor Mandate-related (NAM) Reserve Specific Aspects of Refugee Management An individual who has been poverty-reduction model that Malnutrition brought on by a Established to facilitate the Problems in Africa Principled, systematized, and forced or obliged to flee aims to “graduate” people in protein deficiency which causes acceptance of additional funding This regional complement to collaborative processes to from the individual’s home or rural areas out of poverty fluids to drain from the blood into from donors for activities the 1951 Convention provides collect, process, analyze, store, place of habitual residence, through a sequenced the stomach, causing swelling. consistent with the mandate and for a broader refugee definition. share, and use data and “…in particular as a result of combination of interventions. • Marasmus capacity of UNHCR and the Adopted in 1969, the OAU information to enable or in order to avoid the The approach is part of Resulting from a general lack of broad objectives of a country Convention stipulates that the evidence-informed action for effects of armed conflicts, UNHCR’s “Global Strategy for calories, causing extreme operation, but for which no term “refugee” also “applies to quality protection outcomes. situations of generalized Livelihoods 2014-2018”. emaciation with a loss of express budgetary provision had those fleeing from external violence, violations of human muscle and fat tissue. It is been made. aggression, occupation, foreign Refoulement rights or natural or Grand Bargain considered a medical domination or events seriously The removal of a person to a human-made disasters, and An agreement reached in the emergency and, untreated, will New York Declaration for disturbing public order in either territory where he/she would who have not crossed an lead-up to the World most often result in death. Refugees and Migrants part or whole of the country of be at risk of being persecuted, internationally recognized Humanitarian Summit between On September 2016, the origin.” or being moved to another State border” (according to the biggest donors and aid Mandate refugees UN General Assembly adopted a territory where he/she would the Guiding Principles on organizations across ten work People who are recognized as set of commitments to enhance Person of concern to UNHCR face persecution. Under Internal Displacement). streams, which aims to shrink refugees by UNHCR acting the protection of refugees and A person whose protection and international refugee law and the humanitarian funding gap under the authority of its migrants, known as the New York assistance needs are of interest customary international law, and deliver more aid to the International protection Statute and relevant UN Declaration for Refugees and to UNHCR. This includes refoulement is permitted only in frontline. The initiative stemmed All actions aimed at ensuring General Assembly resolutions. Migrants. It outlines elements for refugees, asylum-seekers, exceptional circumstances. from the recommendations the equal access to and Mandate status is especially a comprehensive response to stateless persons, internally contained in the report of the significant in States that are not refugee displacement based on displaced people and enjoyment of the rights of Refugee UN Secretary-General’s High party to the 1951 Refugee principles of international returnees. women, men, girls and boys of A refugee is any person who, Level Panel’s on Humanitarian Convention or its 1967 Protocol. cooperation and concern to UNHCR, in “...owing to well-founded fear Financing, “Too important to responsibility-sharing as well as Persons with specific needs accordance with the relevant of being persecuted for fail: addressing the Master plan greater inclusion of refugees into Individuals, families or groups, bodies of law (including reasons of race, religion, humanitarian financing gap”. A comprehensive settlement local communities. requiring additional support in international humanitarian, nationality, membership of a plan that defines land use, order to enable them to human rights and refugee law). particular social group or Humanitarian Country Team emphasizing its links to the This Comprehensive Refugee overcome the challenges they political opinion, is outside Composed of organizations broader environment, enabling Response Framework (CRRF) face in accessing and enjoying Junior Professional Officer the country of his [or her] undertaking humanitarian both refugees and host is now being applied in a range their rights. Government-sponsored young nationality and is unable or, action that commit to communities to benefit from of specific situations, through the professional working for owing to such fear, is participate in coordination improved services and mobilization of existing and new Prima facie refugees UNHCR. unwilling to avail him [or her] arrangements. Its objective is infrastructure. This approach partnerships with development Individuals or a group of self of the protection of that to ensure that the activities of integrates the spatial, social, actors, humanitarian NGOs, the individuals who are Local integration country; or who, not having a such organizations are cultural, environmental and private sector and civil society recognized as refugees, by a Involves a durable legal status nationality and being outside coordinated, and that economic dynamics of a under the lead of host State or UNHCR, on the for refugees in the country of the country of his [or her] humanitarian action in-country particular location to ensure all governments. basis of objective criteria asylum which ensures national former habitual residence as is principled, timely, effective basic needs of the affected It contains four key elements related to the circumstances protection for rights without a result of such events, is and efficient, and contributes population are addressed aimed at providing more in their country of origin, discrimination. unable or, owing to such fear, to longer-term recovery. within one common vision. predictable and sustainable justifying a presumption that is unwilling to return to it.” Malnutrition responses to large movements they meet the criteria of the Article 1A(2) of the 1951 Inter-Agency Standing A general term for the medical Mixed movements of refugees so as to: applicable refugee Convention Committee condition that is caused by an Cross-border movements of • Ease pressure on hosting definition. or The primary mechanism for improper or insufficient people with varying protection countries. inter-agency coordination of nutrition, which is not adequate profiles, reasons for moving and • Enhance refugees’ self reliance. Programme support costs “who is outside his/her humanitarian assistance. to maintain good health. The needs, who are moving along • Expand access to The costs of organizational units, country of origin or habitual adverse effects of malnutrition the same routes and using the third-countries solutions. whose primary functions are the residence and is unable to include both physical and same means of transportation or • Support conditions in countries formulation, development, return there because of developmental manifestations. travel. of origin for return in safety and delivery and evaluation of serious and indiscriminate dignity for refugees. UNHCR programmes. threats to life, physical GLOBAL ACUTE MALNUTRITION Multi-Year, Multi-Partner integrity or freedom resulting (GAM) A multi-year approach that will The New York Declaration calls Protection from generalized violence or The measurement of the be included in UNHCR planning on UNHCR to develop and All activities aimed at obtaining events seriously disturbing nutritional status of a to support inclusion and initiate the practical application of full respect for the rights of the public order.” population (often used in comprehensive solutions for the CRRF in each situation individual, in accordance with OAU Convention and protracted refugee situations). people of concern and will involving large-scale movements the letter and the spirit of the Cartagena Declaration. It is one of the basic indicators engage a broader range of of refugees, with a view to relevant bodies of law (such as for assessing the severity of a partners, including informing the global compact on international human rights law, humanitarian crisis. development actors, to plan refugees, to be adopted by the international humanitarian law with a longer-term vision. General Assembly in 2018. and international refugee law.).

240 UNHCR GLOBAL REPORT 2017 UNHCR GLOBAL REPORT 2017 241 ANNEXES | GLOSSARY ANNEXES | GLOSSARY

Refugee Coordination Model Reintegration identifying a set of minimum Unaccompanied and separated Returnee In line with the High A process which enables standards for lifesaving sectors children A person who was of Commissioner’s mandate, returnees to regain the of WASH, food security and Children in a situation of concern to UNHCR when it outlines UNHCR’s role nutrition, shelter and NFIs and displacement who are not in physical, social, legal and outside his/her country of and responsibilities and health actions, in order to the company of parents or material security needed to origin and who remains so, re-articulates and standardizes improve the quality of another adult caregiver. maintain their lives, livelihoods for a limited period (usually UNHCR’s responsibility to lead assistance provided to people and dignity, and which two years), after returning to and coordinate international affected by disasters, and to Voluntary repatriation eventually leads to the the country of origin. The actions relating to refugees enhance the accountability of Return to the country of origin disappearance of any term also applies to with all partners engaged in the the humanitarian system in based on the refugees’ free distinctions or discrimination internally displaced people response through an disaster response. and informed decision. vis-à-vis their compatriots. who return to their previous inter-agency platform and Voluntary repatriation may be place of residence. under the overall leadership of Stateless person organized (when it takes place Resettlement the host government. Person who is not under the auspices of the The transfer of refugees from Safe third country concept considered as a national, by concerned governments and/or Refugee status determination the country in which they have An asylum-seeker may be any State under the UNHCR) or spontaneous (the Legal and administrative sought asylum to another State refused access to the asylum operation of its law, including refugees return by their own procedures undertaken by that has agreed to admit them. procedure in the country where people whose nationality is means with no involvement of States and/or UNHCR to The refugees will usually be the application has been made not established. UNHCR and governments). determine whether an granted asylum or some other if responsibility for assessing individual should be recognized form of long-term resident the asylum application in World Humanitarian Summit substance is assumed by a Subsidiary protection as a refugee in accordance with rights and, in many cases, will An initiative of the third country, where the Beneficiaries of subsidiary UN Secretary-General, the national and international law. have the opportunity to asylum-seeker will be protected protection are people who have Summit was held in Istanbul, become naturalized citizens. Refugee-like situation from refoulement and will be been found not to meet the Turkey, on 23-24 May 2016 For this reason, resettlement is able to seek and enjoy asylum Convention definition of a The category of people in a and had three main goals: a durable solution as well as a in accordance with accepted refugee but who face a real risk refugee-like situation is • To re-inspire and reinvigorate tool for the protection of international standards. of serious harm. This includes a commitment to humanity and descriptive in nature and refugees. It is also a practical the death penalty or execution, to the universality of includes groups of people who example of international burden Secondary movements torture or inhuman or humanitarian principles. are outside their country of and responsibility-sharing. The notion refers to degrading treatment, or a • To initiate a set of concrete origin and who face protection asylum-seekers and refugees serious and individual threat to actions and commitments to risks similar to those of Resettlement Core Group moving independently from their life or person by reason of countries and communities to refugees, but for whom refugee their first host country to indiscriminate violence in better prepare for and respond status has, for practical or other Core and Contact Groups are another country in search of situations of armed conflict. to crises, and be resilient to reasons, not been ascertained. established through the agreement of resettlement protection and solutions. shocks. Temporary protection • To share best practices which Registration States and UNHCR based on a Self-reliance An arrangement or device can help save lives around the Registration can be carried out joint assessment of the need Refers to the ability of developed by States to offer world, put affected people at for a coordinated, multi-annual in different manners, depending individuals, households or protection, of a temporary the centre of humanitarian approach to resettlement. on the operational communities to meet their nature, to people arriving en action, and alleviate suffering. circumstances and data In particular, Core Groups aim essential needs and enjoy their masse from situations of requirements. Level 1 to facilitate and improve human rights in a sustainable conflict or generalized violence, Registration, often referred to information-sharing initiatives, manner and to live with dignity. without prior individual status as “household registration”, enhance dialogue among determination. Temporary gathers only elementary stakeholders, increase Sexual and gender-based protection has been mostly information from people of predictability to the planning of violence used in industrialized States. concern for the purpose of resettlement activities in Acts that inflict physical, mental establishing a basic distribution relation to the specific refugee or sexual harm or suffering, Trafficking (human) system or to provide situation, including the number threats of such acts, coercion or The organized illegal demographic estimates. In of resettlement places offered arbitrary deprivation of liberty movement of people for profit. Level 2 Registration, limited and the number of countries that target individuals or groups The critical additional factor personal data is collected from of individuals on the basis of that distinguishes trafficking involved. each individual, for basic their gender. from migrant smuggling is the planning, monitoring and use of force, coercion and/or Results-based protection activities. Level 3 Sphere project deception throughout, or at Registration represents the management The Sphere project was some stage in the process. most comprehensive recording A management philosophy and launched in 1997 by a group of While the additional elements of detailed personal data of approach that emphasize the humanitarian NGOs and the that distinguish trafficking from people of concern, which is achievement of results as the Red Cross and the Red migrant smuggling may required for individual case essential task of management. Crescent Movement. The sometimes be obvious, in many management and delivery of project has developed several cases they are difficult to prove durable solutions. tools, such as a handbook, without active investigation.

242 UNHCR GLOBAL REPORT 2017 UNHCR GLOBAL REPORT 2017 243 ACRONYMS

3RP Regional Refugee and EC European Commission ICVA International Council of MSB Swedish Civil RRP Refugee Response Plan UN-Habitat United Nations Resilience Plan in response to Voluntary Agencies Contingencies Agency Human Settlements the Syria crisis. ECA Economic Commission for RSD Refugee status Programme Africa (UN) IDA International Development MYMP Multi-Year, Multi-Partner determination ACTED Agence d’Aide à la Association (World Bank) (for UNHCR) UNICEF United Nations Coopération technique et au ECHO Directorate-General for SDC Swiss Agency for Children’s Fund Développement European Civil Protection and IDMC Internal Displacement NCA North of Central America Development and Cooperation Humanitarian Aid Operations Monitoring Centre UNMAS United Nations Mine AfDB African Development NFIs Non-food items SDG Sustainable Development Action Service Bank ECOSOC Economic and Social IDP Internally displaced person Goal(s) Council (UN) NGO Non-governmental UNITAR United Nations AGD Age, gender and diversity IFAD International Fund for organization SGBV Sexual and Institute for United Nations ECOWAS Economic Community Agricultural Development gender-based violence Institute for Training and ASEAN Association of of West African States NRC Norwegian Refugee Research Southeast Asian Nations IFRC International Federation Council SIDA Swedish International ETM Emergency transit of Red Cross and Red Crescent Development Cooperation UNODC United Nations Office AU African Union mechanism Societies OAS Organization of American Agency on Drugs and Crime States BIMS Biometric Identity EU European Union IGAD Intergovernmental SSAR Solutions strategy for UNOPS United Nations Office Management System Authority on Development OAU Organization of African Afghan refugees for Project Services ExCom Executive Committee Unity BPA Brazil Plan of Action of the High Commissioner’s ILO International Labour THW Technisches Hilfswerk UN‑SWAP UN system-wide Programme Organization OCHA Office for the (German Federal Agency for Action Plan CBIs Cash-based interventions Coordination of Humanitarian Technical Relief) FAO Food and Agriculture IOM International Organization Affairs (UN) UNV United Nations Volunteer CCCM Camp coordination and Organization (UN) for Migration UNAIDS Joint United Nations camp management (cluster) OECD Organization for Programme on HIV/AIDS UN Women United Nations GAM Global acute malnutrition IPSAS International Public Economic Cooperation and Entity for Gender Equality and CCF Common Cash Facility Sector Accounting Standards Development UNCDF United Nations Capital the Empowerment of Women GIZ Deutsche Gesellschaft für Development Fund CERF Central Emergency Internationale Zusammenarbeit IRC International Rescue OHCHR Office of the High UPR Universal Periodic Review Response Fund (German Agency for Committee Commissioner for Human UNCT United Nations Country (by the Human Rights Council) International Cooperation) Rights (UN) Team COI Country of origin IYCF Infant and young child WASH Water, sanitation and information GPC Global Protection Cluster feeding OPEC Organization of the UNDAF United Nations hygiene Petroleum Exporting Countries Development Assistance COP Country Operations Plan GSC Global Shelter Cluster JICA Japan International Framework WFP World Food Programme (for UNHCR) Cooperation Agency OSCE Organization for Security GSP Global Strategic Priority and Cooperation in Europe UNDP United Nations WHO World Health COP21 Conference of the (for UNHCR) JIPS Joint IDP Profiling Service Development Programme Organization Parties to the United Nations PRIMES Population registration Framework Convention on HALEP High Alert List for JPO Junior Professional Officer and identity management UNDSS United Nations WHS World Hummanitarian Climate Change Emergency Preparedness ecosystem Department of Safety and Summit KAP Knowledge, attitude and Security CRIs Core relief items HIV and AIDS Human pratices PSP Private Sector Immunodeficiency Virus and Partnerships (for UNHCR) UNEP United Nations CRRF Comprehensive Refugee Acquired Immunodeficiency LGBTI Lesbian, gay, bisexual, Environment Programme Response Framework Syndrome transgender and intersex PTA Protection transfer arrangement UNESCO United Nations DAFI German Albert Einstein IASC Inter-Agency Standing LWF Lutheran World Federation Educational, Scientific and Academic Scholarship Committee QAI Quality assurance initiative Cultural Organization Programme for Refugees MERCOSUR Mercado Común IATI International Aid del Sur (Common Market of the QIP Quick impact project UNFCCC United Nations DFID Department for Transparency Initiative South) Framework Convention on International Development RBM Results-based Climate Change (United Kingdom) ICT Information and MIRPS Marco Integral management (for UNHCR) communications technology Regional para la Protección y UNFPA United Nations DPKO Department of Soluciones (Comprehensive RCM Refugee Coordination Population Fund Peacekeeping Operations (UN) ICRC International Committee Regional Protection and Model of the Red Cross Solutions Framework)

244 UNHCR GLOBAL REPORT 2017 UNHCR GLOBAL REPORT 2017 245 Caquetá, Colombia photo: unhCr / s. riCh photo: CREDITS

UNHCR wishes to acknowledge the contributions of all staff and consultants at Headquarters and in the field who have participated in the preparation of the narrative, financial and graphic components of this document.

Concept design: UNHCR

Layout design, production and printing: Printing Section, Production and Support Service, United Nations Office Geneva (1810260E). The maps in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion on the part of UNHCR concerning the legal status of any country or territory or area, of its authorities, or the delimitation of frontiers or boundaries.

Data in this report are drawn from the most recent statistics available to UNHCR, and from other United Nations agencies. All amounts are in US dollars unless otherwise specified. For any corrigenda found subsequent to printing, please visit the Publications page on Global Focus website (http:/reporting.unhcr.org).

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Cover photo: An elementary school temporarily constructed from wood and plastic sheeting is in disrepair after strong storms at Bidibidi refugee settlement in Yumbe District, northern Uganda, 2 May 2017. © UNHCR/Jiro Ose

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