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An Analysis of Oral Literary Music Texts in IsiXhosa Mavis Noluthando Mpola A Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Humanities at Rhodes University for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy Supervisor: Professor Russell H Kaschula 15 February 2007 i CONTENTS Page Declaration v Acknowledgements vi Acronyms vii Abstract ix CHAPTER ONE Introduction 1.1 Aim and Motivation of Study 3 1.2 Scope of Study 5 1.3 Context of Research 5 1.4 Research Orientation 6 1.5 Problem Statement 7 1.6 Method of Approach 8 1.7 Data Analysis 9 CHAPTER TWO Historical Background 2.1 Early Xhosa Choral Composers 10 2.2 The Missionaries and isiXhosa Music 12 2.3 Ntsikana 15 2.4 Healdtown 19 2.5 Lovedale 20 2.6 St. Matthews College 21 2.7 Music Education 22 2.8 Teacher Training 24 2.9 The Role of Lovedale Press 26 ii CHAPTER THREE Composers in their Personal and Socio-Political Contexts 3.1 Bokwe, John Knox 31 3.2 Foley, Jabez 34 3.3 Gwashu, Enoch Fikile 35 3.4 Jonas, Albert 36 3.5 Jorha, Henry Duke 37 3.6 Mangali, Philip Mlungisi 38 3.7 Masiza, Hamilton John 40 3.8 Matshikiza, Todd 41 3.9 Matyila, Archibald Mxolisi 44 3.10 Mfamana, Richard Mbuyiselo 45 3.11 Mjana, Makhaya Hector 47 3.12 Moerane, Michael Mosueu 49 3.13 Mtyobo, Julius Thomas 50 3.14 Myataza, Benjamin 52 3.15 Ngqobe, Christian Thanduxolo 53 3.16 Ngxokolo, Michael 55 3.17 Nzo, Mbulelo 59 3.18 Qwesha, Chambers Bonisile 60 3.19 Sontonga, Enoch Mankayi 62 3.20 Tyamzashe, Benjamin Peter John 64 3.21 Vumazonke, Thamsanqa 69 CHAPTER FOUR Classification of Song Texts 4.1 Introduction 70 4.2 Metaphor 73 4.3 Events 96 4.4 Conclusion 135 CHAPTER FIVE Texts Depicting Aspects of Culture, Protest and Unity 5.1 Introduction 136 iii 5.2 Culture 143 5.3 Protest 163 5.4 Unity 173 5.5 Conclusion 186 CHAPTER SIX Texts Depicting Personal Circumstances, and the Relationship Between Religion and Nature, Lullabies.
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