'4 Ote9on

RESOURCE NATURAL HUMAN ATLAS ECONOMIC PUBLIC

JUNE 1973

- EXTENSION PROJECT

OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY Deschutes County, Oregon

NATURAL

RESOURCE HUMAN

ATLAS ECONOMIC

PUBLIC

May 1973

Oregon State University Extension Service

Prepared by Marilyn Ruttle, Research Assistant, Under the supervision of Robert 0Coppedge, Extension Economist, and Russell CYoumans, Extension Resource Economist, Department of Agricultural Economics

For sale by the Extension Business Office, Extension Hall 118, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331 $2 50 per copy

DESCHUTES COUNTY

MIL ES Sisters Red ond 0 5 10 IS 20

Millican Brothers p,o,iCrane Reser,o,

acLake

Lopine Hampton

STATE LEGEND PRIMARY HIGHWAYS 0 SECONDARY HIGHWAYS 0 COUNTY ROADS INTERSTATE HIGHWAYS() General Description

Physical Aspects. Climate 2 Soils ...... 5 Soil Charactristics and LandCapability 6 Land Use...... 8 Land Ownership. 10 Water . . 11 Minerals. 19 Forest Land Wildlife. 20 24

Human Resources 30 Population. 30 Employment. 35 Income. 39 Education ...... 43 Health and Vital Statistics 46 Public Welfare...... 50 Housing 52

The County's Economy. Agriculture Logging and Wood Products Mining - Mineral and Metal Industries Manufacturing Business...... OutdoorRecreation...... Public Services Transportation. Communication . Library Facilities. Utilities

Public Finance.

Selected Listof Agencies

Selected Bibliography . GENERAL DESCRIPTION

Deschutes County now ranks 11th in size in the state witha total area of 1,939,200 acres It is in the heart of the state and is bordered on the south by Klamath and Lake Counties; on the east by Crook County, on the north by Jefferson County and on the west by Lane and Linn Counties.

The county is in the southwestern part of the Walla Walla section of the Columbia Plateau physiographic province It consists, in the eastern part, principally, of a nearly level to rolling high plateau which slopes gently northward. The altitude is about 3,700 feet near Bend and 3,000 feet near Redmond. The western part of the county con- sists of the Cascade Mountains and their foothills. The highest of the mountains is the South Sister Mountain at 10,354 feet.

Almost all of the county lies within the Deschutes River drainage basin. The river enters the area from the south at an altitude of 3,700 feet. As it flows northward through a shallow valley only 50 to 100 feet lower than the plateau to the east, it is joined by its main tri- butaries, the Crooked River, Mud Spring Creek and Willow Creek. The valley deepens considerably as the river continues north of Big Falls.

The eastern part of the county has little or no dissection dueto stream flow. This is particularly noticeable in areas underlain by lava flow and in area west of the Deschutes River thatare underlain by out- wash sand and gravel. The southeastern part of the area is covered by recent lava f low and is somewhat rolling. Most of this land is either lava or shallow stony soil and has no surface drainage.

Because of its variety of physical characteristics Deschutes County attracts many tourists and one of its major industries is recreation. Bachelor Butte is becoming an increasingly popular skiarea, while the Lava Caves and Three Sisters Primitive and Recreationareas remain a favorite spot for tourists.

Lumbering is a major industry in the western part of the county, while the major emphasis in the central and eastern part of thecounty is agriculture and livestock raising.

The first white man to come into the Deschutes Countyarea was a trader for the Hudson Bay Company, by the name of Peter Skene Ogden, who was in the area during the spring of 1826. In 1843, John C. Fremont, guided by Kit Carson, traversed the area from north to southon his way to Nevada. In 1862, Felix Fox, Jr. began to build a road from the

1/ Oregon State Executive Department, Clay Meyers, Secretary of State, Oregon Blue Book, 1971-72, January 1971, Oregon State University Cooperative Extension Service, Agriculture in Oregon Counties- Farm Sales apd General Characteristics, Special Report 330, Oregon State University, 1971. Willamette Valley up the McKenzie River into theDeschutes County. Fox had intended to ship supplies to the mines and miners in easternOregon where a mining boom was underway. The same reason induced several ranchers to settle in the area and to start raisinglivestock. In 1871, the first post office in the area was established atPrineville, a town named after Barney Prine, its first merchant. In the same year, the "Willamette Valley and Cascade Mountain Wagon Road Company" wasorganized and built the Wiley Pass Road into a good wagon road. The population grew slowly but steadily, and in 1886 a post office, named"Bend" was established on John Todd's "Farewell Bend"Ranch. By 1900, Bend had grown to a total population of 21 persons. Nineteen hundred and 1901 saw the beginning of construction for irrigation canals, and alsoconstruction of the first sawmill in Bend. In 1902, the "Oregon Trunkline" railroad and "The Deschutes Line" began building their tracks on eachside of the Deschiites River from the Columbia to Madras. On December 20, 1904, the city of Bend was incorporated with A.H. Goodwilly as thefirst mayor. On October 5, 1911, the OregonTrunkline was completed toBend. Deschutes County was officially established on December 13,1916, on an area which was carved .out of Crook County. A brief summary of the major facts for the county are noted below.

Area: 3,060 square miles Population: 33,800 (July 1, 1972) 1,939,200 acres True Cash Value: $224,863,714 (1971) Elevation at Bend: 3,629 feet Principle Industries: Lumbering Average Temperature: Agriculture, Livestock Raising, Summer 61 2 Recreation Winter 34 3

County Seat: Bend

PHYSICAL ASPECTS

Climate

The climate of the Deschutes area is continental, butthe moderating effects of the Pacific Ocean are not entirely shutoff by the Cascade Mountains The prevailing weather is not so mild as that of western Oregon nor as rigorous as that of the Rocky Mountain region orthe Great Plains Temperatures are generally comfortable, thoughthere are occasional extremes, and cloudy or foggy weather is rare

Precipitation varies from an estimated 70 inches or more onthe Cascade Divide to as little as 5 or 6 inches on parts of thebasin floor. The heaviest precipitation occurs along the crest of theCascades. This rapidly fades out to some 10 or 15 inches near the foothills On most of the plateau precipitation amounts to approximately 10inches, but no- where is precipitation sufficient for crop cultivation withoutreliance on dry-farming methods or on irrigation.

The annualrainfall varies greatly from year to year. At Bend it has varied from 6.04 to 25.74 inches and at Redmond, from 4.39 to14.19 inches. The precipitation is distributed unevenly throughout theyear, although it is distributed more evenly than thatwest of the Cascade Mountains. The precipitation is greatest in winter, whena large part falls as snow. The average snowfall varies from 17.0 inches at Redmond to 35.9 inches at Bend. Generally May and June are months of relatively high rainfall; July and August commonlyare the driest months. Most of the rains are light, but thunderstormsare somewhat frequent in the summer.

The extremes in temperature are wide. A temperature of 250F. below zero has been recorded at Bend. Although temperatures rise above 100 in summer, the humidity is low and nightsare cool. The coldest temperatures in winter and the warmest temperatures insummer occur when the ocean winds cease and thearea is dominated by a mass of con- tinental air.

The average growing season at Bend is 90 days, however,a large amount of variance is possible. Frost has occurred at Bend as late as July 29 'and as early as August 12. The short growing season permits successful cultivation of only the more hardy types ofcrops, and occasionally even these are damaged by frost. There is a relatively great diurnal range in temperature throughout theyear, and early morning frosts have occurred in every month. Hail and glaze-ice storms occasionally occur but seldom do material damage. Tornadoes are very rare.

Other features of the climate, such as a highpercentage of possible sunshine in summer, are favorable for specificcrops, and invite tourists, vacationers, and sportsmen who enjoy the brisk dry air, clearskies, and cool nights.

For more information and maps see Climates of the States-Oregon, number 60-35, published by the U.S. Department of Commerce,Environ- mental Services Administration in 1960 and revised in 1967. Precipitation, By Month, DeschutesCounty Table 1. Average Temperature and Total

Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov DecAnnual Stat ion Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun

Average degrees Farenheit -- Temp.

64.5 66.8 51.5 42.3 38.6 30.0 45.4 Bend 34.4 36.3 34.6 41.8 50.9 53.4 65.7 49.1 41.1 34.6 24.0 42.3 Brothers 29.9 31.0 30.5 38.5 47.9 51.8 63.8 68.9M 53.944.5 39.1 32.5 47. 2M Redmond 2W 34.7 36.5 .37.2 43.3 52.4 55.9 67.6 Redmond 68.2 52.4 43.9 38.4 30.7 46.1 Airport 37.0 34.6 35.0 41.2 50.2 54.7 66.5 66.2 51.6 44.0 38.0 30.6 45. SM Sisters 34.6 34.6M 34.5 41.8 51.1 54.0 64.7 49.4 40.5 36.1 26.9 42.2 Wickiup Dam 27.9 30.4 29.0 38.6 47.8 51.9 63.6 64.5

Total inches Precip.

.20 .40 .71 1.26 1.42 10.81 Bend 3.15 .26 1.12 .14 .79 1.29 .07 .09 .49 1.00 2.28 1.05 10.94 Brothers 1.70 .43 1.08 .58 .67 .88 .69 .30 .66 .96 7.05 Redmond 2W 1.81 .16 .74 .10 .83 .80 .14 .18 .37 Redmond .39 .30 .99 .97 8.42 Airport 1.82 .22 .87 .14 1.87 .21 .61 .03 .13 .89 .58 1.70 1.98 15.12 Sisters 4.53 1.14 2.11 .30 1.11 .52 .13 .96 1.05 2.70 3.56 22.63 Wickiup Dam 6.03 2.00 3.04 .43 1.57 .94 .13 .22 days record is M - one or more days mIssing. If average value listed, less than 10 missing. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, NationalOceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Climatological Data, Annual Summary 1971, Vol 77 No 13

Table Freeze Temperature Data, Spring Fall, 1971, Deschutes County

Last date in. Spring - First date inFall; Minimum of: Station 16°or below 20° 24° 28° .32°

Bend 4/24-10/28 5/17-10/14 5/17-9/18 6/28-9/14 6/29-7/11 Brothers 4/17-9/18 5/20-9/7 6/29-7/3 6/29-7/3 6/29-7/3 Redmond 2W 3/17-10/28 4/19-10/17 5/17-10/14 5/17-9/17 6/29-9/7 Redmond Airport 4/24-10/17 4/24-10/145/17-10/14 6/28-9/17 6/29-7/6 6/29-7/3 Si sters 3/19-10/17 4/19-10/144/28-9/18 6/29-9/7 Wickiup Dam 3/19-10/28 4/3-10/17 4/19-9/18 5/17-9/15 6/14-7/11

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, NationalOceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Climatological Data, Annual Summary,1971, Vol. 77, No. 13.

-4- 1/ Soils

Most of Deschutes County is made up of pumice-mantledlava plains and buttes. Eolian deposits of pumice from the eruption of Mt. Mazama (Crater Lake) about 7,000 years ago forma nearly continuous mantle as far north as Redmond. Further north and east, near the Jefferson- Deschutes County line, the pumice sand becomes thinand discontinuous. Most of this country is underlain by relativelyyoung lava flows and flows near Lava Butte are evenyounger than the pumice fall.

The northern portion of the pumicezone is semi-arid with native vegetation composed mainly of big sagebrush,juniper and bunchgrasses Soils of the Deschutes series predominate. These are light-colored, moderately deep, sandy loam soils formed in sand-sizedpumice. Redmond soils are similar but they have loam to clay loamsubsoils.

The Odin series consists of poorly drained, clay loam textured soils, found mainly in depressions. The Deschutes series is quite variable in characteristics, dependingon the terrain on which the pumice fell, distance from the source, and theamount of reworking since deposition. Some areas are in large continuous bodies and may overlie gravelly sandy outwash, as near Cloverdale. Other areas are in small depressions and swales on the surface of the lava flows with intervening low ridges of lava rockland knownas scabland. Some areas are mapped as stony phases and some are shallow to bedrock. Loamy sand textures are common near Bend where the size of the pumice sand is more coarse. Most of the larger areas and many smaller pockets of these soils are irrigated for crops and pastures. The area along Dry Creek near Brothers is at higher elevations and is used for range. An area northwest of Sisters is formed in cindery materials derived from local volcanic sources. This area has forest vegetation and higher precipitation than is typical for the Deschutes series.

The forested pumice zone extends from Bend and Sisters southward into Klamath Basin. The vegetation is ponderosa and lodgepole pine with bitterbrush and manzanita shrub understory anda sparse grass. and herb ground cover.

The area west of Bend and Sisters has Shanahan-like soils formed in moderately deep sandy loam pumice over buried loamy soils. This area is comprised of a series of sloping bench levels ascending toward the high Cascades with steep-sided incised drainagesat rather close intervals,

The lava plain south of Bend is relatively undissected with generally low relief and a deeper and coarser pumice mantle. These coarse, gravelly textured, excessively drained pumice soilsare in the Lapine series. Young volcanic cones, called buttes, are common in thearea. Most of these cones as well as the high Cascade peaksare mapped as rockland.

1/ State Water Resources Board, Oregonvs Long Range Requirements for Water, Appendix 1-5, General Soil Map with Irrigable Areas.

-5- Low areas with a periodic high water table have a lodgepole pine forest cover. These somewhat poorly drained areas are mostly coarse- textured Wickiup soils. Poorly drained, dark, moderately fine-textured Dilman soils are on bottomlands, primarily along the Little Deschutes River.

The Paulina Mountain highlands of the collapsed Newberry Caldera are found southeast of Bend. A mantle of coarse Newberry pumice, ejected only about 2,000 years ago, extends eastward to the south of Brothers. This area has been mapped as a coarse phase of the Lapine soils. Shanahan soils occur in Mazama age pumice on the southern periphery of coarse Lapine soils. These pumice soils extend into semi- arid, juniper-sagebrush country, not typical for these generally forested series.

Unit 52, 53 and 55 soils occur in sloping pediments and fans within the high lava plains near Hampton. Unit 52 soils are sandy and moderately deep to a hardpan. Unit 53 and 55 are shallow to a hardpan. Unit 53 soils are formedin sandy loath materials. Unit 55 soils are loam-to-clay loam and have a concentration of lag gravel at the surface.

Soil Characteristics and Land Capability

Deschutes County is located in central Oregon. Its land areas are extensively varied, including parts of the Cascades, grazing and forest lands of the central pla.teau and arable valleys. Over 90 per- cent of the total land area is made up of either grazing land or forests and 82.7 percent of the land is publically owned.

Because of the wide variation of land forms and soils the Soil Conservation Service has developed a land classification system based on the suitability of the land for most kinds of farming. Soil characteristics such as depth, texture, wetness, slope, erosion hazard, overflow hazard, permeability, structure, reaction, waterholding cap- acity, inherent fertility and climatic conditions as they influence the use and management of land are considered in grouping soils into eight land capability classes. The classification does not apply to soils used for most horticultural crops, or for other crops that have special requirements The hazards and limitations of use increase as the class number increases The classification can be broken into two divisions: (1) land in capability classes I through IV is generally suited for cultivation and other uses; and (2) land in capability classes V through VIII is best suited for range, forestry and wildlife. Land capability classes are also broken down intosubclasses to indicate the dominating limitation or hazard The subclasses are tet for wind and water erosion, "w" for wetness or frequent inundation from overflow, for soil shallowness) stoniness or drought, and "c" for climate that is too cold or too dry.

The following tables give information on land ownership, use, and capability. For more information on forest land use and ownership see Timber Resource Statistics for Central Oregon, U.S. Forest Service Resource Bulletin PNW-24, 1968. For information on land conservation needs see Oregon Soil and Water Conservation NeedsInventory Committee January 1971 bulletin, U.S. Department of Agriculture. For additional information on land use and soil typessee Resources for Development, Oregon Department of Planning and Development,March 1964 or Oregon's Long Range Requirements for Water, General SoilMap Report, Appendix 1-5, State Water Resources Board, 1969.

Table 3 Land Use and Area of Inventory Acreage, DeschutesCounty

I tern 1958 1967

Inventory Acreage

Cropland 52,685 59,103 Irrigated 48,200 54,667 Non-irrigated 4,500 4,436 Pasture 0 5,114 Range 181,238 265,528 Forest 258,131 137,000 Other land 21,946 24,500

Total inventory acres 514,000 491,245

Percent of total land area in inventory 26.0% 22.9%

Non- Inventory Acreage

Federal Land 1,398,183 1,417,728 Urban Buildings 21,977 25,000 Small Water Areas 3,120 3,307

Total non-inventory acres 1,423,280 1,446,035

Total land area 1,973,596 2,146,182

SOURCE: Oregon Conservation Needs Committee, OregonSoil and Water Conservation Needs Inventory, U.S. Soil ConservationService, 1971. Land Use

Table 4. Use of Deschutes County Inventory Acreage by Capability Class,1967

Use of Acreage Class Cropland Pasture-Range Forest Other Land Total

o 0 0 0 0 27,084 7,921 0 600 35,605 22,989 755 2,016 300 26,060 2,703 1,132 16,125 300 20,260 4,500 3,394 403 0 8,297 1,827 214,818 110,456 300 327,401 0 42,622 0 300 42,922 0 0 8,000 22,700 30,700

Total.. 59,103 270,642 137,000 24,500 491,245

SOURCE: Oregon Conservation Needs Committee, Oregon Soil and Water Conserva- tion Needs Inventory, U.S. Soil Conservation Service, 1971. Table 5. Deschutes County Land Use Analysis 1970.

True Cash Value! Average Value Item Acres Assessors Roll Per Acre

(1,000 dollars) (dollars) Urban: Business 1,500 15,000 10,000 Residential-Rents 4,384 20,000 4,562 QuasiPrivate, Hosp*. 35 210 6,000 Public Roads, etc.* 1,621 7,780 4,800 Total 7,540 42,990 5,702

Rurban: Business 45 360 8,000 Residential-Rents 390 1,755 4,500 Agricultural (10,425) (10,885) (1,044) Quasi Private* 100 500 5,000 Public Roads, etc.*. 1,500 1,800 1,200 Total Less Msc. 2,035 4,415 2,170

Agricultural-Grazing: Private Inventory 70, 677 41,685 590 Out lying 60, 252 30,800 511 Urban 10,425 10,885 1,044 Allocations Residents-Rents 3,500 8,000 2,286 Best Land 15,000 15,000 1,000 Average Land 20,000 17,385 869 Poor Land 32,177 1,300 40 Public Inventory 657,850 19,635 30 Allocation Agr. -Grazing 644,850-.--19,245 30 Roads 13,000 390 30 Total Agric 728,527 61,320 84

Forest: Private Inventory 114,582 2,000 17 Al location Residents-Rents 750 500 667 Outlying Forest 113,832 1,500 13 Public Inventory 1,084,596 18,440 17 Al location Forest 1,065,852 18,120 17 Roads, etc 18,744 320 17 Total Forest 1,199,178 20,440 17

Land 1,937,280 129,165 Water 21,120 Total Area 1,958,400 *- tax exempt SOURCE: Oregon Department of Revenue, unpublished data, compiled by Waldo Carison. Land Ownership

Table 6. Value and Income of State Owned Land in Deschutes County, 1970.

Improvement Total Annual Agency Acres Land Value Value Value Rental Incom

State Engineer 930.00 33,000 $ 33,000 $ 330 Dept. of Forestry 20.00 1,010 60,920 61,930 480 Game Commission 45.13 48,130 312,280 360,410 565 University of Oregon. 3.00 150 49,419 49,569 State Lands Division. 23,996.34 786,504 766,504 Military Dept 2.40 150,000 323,670 473,670 Aeronautics Div 75.70 16,525 16,525 Highway Division Parks 3,311.75 309,212 1,212,327 1,521 ,539 576 Office 57.57 14,852 274,764 289,616 1,200 Total 28,441.89 $1,341,383 $2,233,380 $3,574,763 $3,151

SOURCE: Legislative Fiscal Committee, Inventory of State-Owned Real Property, Section VII, January, 1970.

Table 7. Federally Owned Land iDeschutes County. 1962

Agency Acres

Forest Service 966,846 Federal Aviation Agency 120 General Services 1/ Bonneville Power Administration 40 Bureau of Land Management 430,645 Bureau of Reclamation 38,083 Post Office Department 1 Total Federal Land 1,435,735

Percent of Land FederallyOwned...... 74.1%

1/ Less than half an acre. SOURCE: Carolan, W.B., Jr., Federal Land in Oregon, Oregon State University, 1963 Table 8. Land Area in Highways, Streets and Roads,Deschutes C

Ownership Acres

State Highways 3,070 County Roads 7,070 City Streets 540 Total 10,680

SOURCE: Oregon State Department of Revenue and Oregon StateHighway Division, unpublished data.

Water

Of the 3,060 square milesarea of Deschutes County, 2,738 square miles or 1,752,320 acres are within the Deschutes DrainageBasin This amounts to 90 percent of the county's land area. The remainder, situated in the southeastern part of the county, is in the Goose and Summer Lakes Basin. The Deschutes Basin is divided into 5 sub-basins; three ofthese (Upper Deschutes, Middle Deschutes, and Lower Crooked) are largely contained within the Deschutes County. The eastern tip of the county is contained in the Upper Crooked Sub-Basin.

The Upper Deschutes sub-basin includes all ofthe Deschutes water- shed above Benham Falls at river mile 18L It contains 1,710 square miles, fifty-two percent of which are in Deschutes County.

The sub-basin is bounded on the west by theCascade Range, on the south by the divide between the Deschutes and KiamathBasins, on the east by the Walker Rim, Crater Buttes, and PaulinaMountains, and on the north by the arbitrary divide which extends from thePaulina Mountains through Benham Falls to the Three Sisters in the Cascades.

All major streams in this sub-basin, with theexception of Paulina Creek, originate in the Cascade Mountains. There are more than 750 miles of streams of which only 310 milesare perennial in nature. Included in these figures are 71 miles of the Deschutesmain stem, 97 miles of the Little Deschutes River, and 30 miles ofCrescent Creek.

The Deschutes River travels onan average gradient of only 8.5 feet of drop per mile in the 71 milecourse from Lava Lake to Benham Falls. The Little Deschutes drops 350 feet in itsupper 3 miles but averages only 9 feet per mile in its lower 95 milesto the confluence with the Deschutes main stem. Crescent Creek has an average gradient of about 15 feet per mile between Crescent Lake andits confluence with the Little Deschutes River.

The average annual yield of the Upper Deschutessub-basin, determined at the gauging station on the Deschutes Riverat Benham Falls, is 863,500 acre-feet and much of thiswater isin the form of releases for irrgation diversion at downstream locutions.This is further illustrated by the yield of the Deschutes River below Bend, discussed in the next section, which averages 149,200 acre-feet annually. Average monthly discharges of the Deschutes River below Wickiup Reservoir reflect storage regulation as indicated by low flows during winterand spring runoff, the reservoir filling period, and high summer flows as a result of irrigation releases. Discharges of the Little Deschutes River more closely approximate natural flows for that drainage area and illustrate the peak that occurs during spring snowmlt and the relatively low late summerand early fall flows.

A few farms and resorts have rights for domestic water totaling two cfs for surface water from streams, but most households useonly small quantities of water.

The town of Gilchrist has rights for two cfs of surface waterand one cfs of ground water. The maximum capacity of the water system of Gilchrist is 900,000 gallons per day (1.4 cfs) and the average output 50,000 gallons per day. A population of 500 is served by the system, which at the present uses only water from wells.

Irrigation rights form the largest group in the sub-basin totaling 317 cfs for the irrigation of 13,835 acres from surface watersof the streams. Three large rights for storage of irrigation water existin this area: 50,000 acre-feet in Crane Prairie Reservoir; 200,000 acre- feet in Wickiup Reservoir; and 86,050 acre-feet in Crescent LakeReservoir. All of these reservoirs store water for irrigation use outside the Upper Deschutes sub-basin, but still mainly within Deschutes County. The only storage right for lands within this sub-basin is on PaulinaLake for 3,780 acre-feet supplying supplemental irrigation water to ranches along Paulina Creek.

The Middle Deschutes sub-basin includes the Deschutes drainage between Mecca, mile 96, and Benham Falls, mile 181, with the exception of theCrooked River drainage which is treated separately.Thesub-basin has an area of 1,850 miles, of which 48 percent are in Deschutes County.

The western boundary of the sub-basin is formed by the Cascade Range, the southern boundary runs from the Three Sisters east, crosses the Desehutes River at Benham Falls, and continues towards the Paulina Mountains. The eastern boundary, which is not well defined topographically, runsnorth on the lava plateau between the Crooked River and Deschutes watersheds. The northern boundary runs west in the Mud Springs area, crosses the Deschutes River near Mecca, and continues on the divide between Shitike Creekand the Warm Springs River.

All major streams with the exception of Willow Creek, originate in the Cascade Mountains. There are 910 miles of streams in this sub-basin, of which only 330 miles are perennial in nature. These figures include 85 miles of the Deschutes main stem, 41 miles of the Metolius River, 41 miles of Squaw Creek, and 33 miles of Shitike Creek. The gradient of the Upper Deschutes River is only 8.5 feet of drop, per mile but it increases below Benham Falls to an average of 38 feet per mile to the confluence of the Metolius River and 13 feet per mile below that point to the northern boundary of the sub-basin.

- 12 - The annual yield of the Upper Deschutes sub-basin at BenhamFalls would also be the inflow to the Middle Deschutes sub-basin Progressing downstream, however, the effect of irrigation diversions isapparent in the much lower yield of the Deschutes River near Bend whichaverages 430,500 acre-feet annually as compared to the inf low of 863,500 acre-feet at BenhamFalls. Further downstream, near Culver in Jefferson County, the yield hasincreased again to an annual average of 800,200 acre-feet.

The highest monthly flows at Bend and Culverare in the winter months, December through March, and the lowest flowsin the summer, July and August, which again is a reflection of stream regulation. Further downstream, at Madras, the pattern of discharge more closely represents natural conditions with peak runoff occurring during the snowmelt period and low flowsin the late summer.

Concentrations of water rights in the Middle Deschutes sub-basinare found along the Deschutes in the vicinity of Bend,on the middle portion of Tumalo Creek, along Squaw Creek near Sister, and on the Metolius River in the Camp Sherman area. The largest group of water rights totals 3,505 cfs for the irrigation of 135,636 acres. Irrigation diversions near Bend repre- sent nearly 85 percent of all consumptive diversions in the Middle Deschutes sub-basin and over 56 percent of all water use in thatarea.

The upper and lower Crooked River sub-basins do not containany perennial streams within the county that drain into the Crooked River, although their land area includes 735 square miles within Deschutes County.

- 13 - Table 9. Water Flow and Yield Summary, Deschutes County,1968

Yield/Year Mean Location Minimum Maximum Ac/Ft c fs c fs c fs

Deschutes River at Benham Falls 480 2,310 1,189 863,500 Deschutes River Below Bend 13 854 205 149,200 Deschutes River Below Snow Cr 82 157 93.9 68,140 Deschutes River Below Crane Prairie Res. 47 282 151 109,800 Deschutes River Below Wickiup Res 20 1,710 608 441,400 Fall River Near Lapine ...... 111 130 121 88,190 Lake Creek Near Sisters 24 211 44.1 32,040 Little Deschutes Riv. Near Lapine 39 504 139 100,800 Squaw Creek Near Sisters 45 420 88.6 64,330 Tumalo Creek Near Bend 37 284 79.5 57,730 Crooked River Near Terrebonne 45 349 127 91,930

SOURCE: U.S. Geological Survey, State Engineer, 1968 Water ResourcesData for Oregon, Part 1.

- 14 - Water quality in the Deschutes Basin is affected primarilyby impound- ments and irrigation waste contributions. Industrial and domestic wastes are nowhere a troublesome threat to water purity. The Oregon State Sanitary Authority has maintained 13 sampling stations inthe basin for about eight years. No expansion of survey schedules or special surveillanceprograms is necessary at this time. 1/

Domestic water supplies are obtained from groundwater, streams and springs, and irrigation canals. Surface water rights total 16 cfs which represents a maximum annual consumption of 11,400 acre-feet. However, many rights for household and stockuse from irrigation ditches are classified under irrigation rather than domestic andare therefore not included in this total. These domestic rights, scattered throughout the basin,are intended for stock, camps, park and householduses. Shortages occur when during the summer months a large number ofstreams are dry, and when wells do not recharge as fast as theyare depleted. The ground water level is such that well depths of above 500 feetare not uncommon.

Sources of municipal water supply are thesame as those for domestic purposes streams, springs, ground water, and irrigation canals Some rights are transferred irrigation rights andare subject to the applicable seasonal restrictions of the original rights. The quantity of water avail- able for municipal purposes is adequate for bothpresent and immediate future needs.

Surface water rights for irrigation represent the largestconsumptive group in the Deschutes River Basin, totaling 5,452 cfs for the irrigationof 259,469 acres, However, only about 70 percent of the lands holding rights were actually irrigated. The highest level of irrigation development exists in the valleys and on the plateaus in the vicinityof Bend, Sisters, Madras, and Prinevi]je, Most of these lands are included in the Deschutes and Crooked River Projects of the Bureau of Reclamation.

Average rainfall in most agriculturalareas during the summer months ranges from one to five inches. Irrigative agriculture, therefore, is largely dependent upon storage projects for water.

A detailed discussion of each irrigation project follows, It is taken from a publication of the Bend City Planning Commission,titled: "The Character and Resources of the Bend Area,'t published in April1956.

Arnold Irrigation District was first organizedas a company in 1905. It was made a district in 1936 The Arnold Canal is the first diversion below Benham Falls and irrigates lands to the south andeast of Bend. In the Deschutes Board Report of 1922 thearea was given as 16,500 acres; in recent years, however, the irrigated area of this project has stabilizedat

1/ Oregon State Sanitary Authority, Implementation and Enforcement Plan for Public Waters of the State of Oregon, May 1967.

- 15 - 4,110 acres. Its water is provided from the Crane Prairie Reservoir and direct flow from the Deschutes River.

The Benham Falls Project has been approved and recommended by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation after extensive research of the area. Due to the volcanic nature of the Deschutes River Channel, many dam sites were inves- tigated by geologists and engineers. The site decided upon is at Axix "G", some 15 miles southwest of Bend. The great need for this supplemental storage on the Deschutes River is to supply additional water for all existing upper Desehutes River Basin districts, with the exceptionof the Swalley District. This new reservoir would reduce the time for water delivery to irrigation districts some 40 to 42 hours over the 48 hours it normally takes water from the Wickiup Reservoir to reach the nearest irrigation district. Water from the new Benham Falls Reservoir would reach the nearest irrigation district in about 6 hours. This new reservoir will have a capacity of 87,000 acre-feet including 78,000 acre-feet of usable capacity and 9,000 acre-feet of dead storage. The Benham Falls Dam is planned as an earth and rock-fill structure with a 2:1 downstream slope and a 3:1 upstream slope. The height of the dam will be 44 feet above the stream bed. The length of the dam at the crest is 4,100 feet. A crest width of 25 feet will be provided. In addition to the spiliway and outlet works, a fish ladder will be provided. The fish channel will be 6 feet wide at the upper end and 8 feet wide at the lower end. Irrigated lands included in the Benham Falls project are - Arnold Irrigation District, Central Oregon Irrigation District. The U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Oregon State Game Commission have expressed disapproval of this project because of the loss of marsh land, meadows and forest cover that will be destroyed by the reservoir and the resulting damage to habitats of deer, water fowl and fish. This reservoir will reach up the Deschutes River some 23 miles and up the Little Deschutes River some 13 miles and have an area of some 7,600 acres. The length of the pooi will be about 6 miles. This project has been recommended by the U. S. Bureau of Reclamation but has not been approved by the Congress. Opposition has been expressed by several groups and approval of the project is not expected.

The Central Oregon Irrigation District lies to the north and also to the east of Bend and is served by the Pilot Butte Canal and the Central Oregon Canal, taking water from the Deschutes River These canals inaugur- ated broad-scale irrigation projects in this county The irrigated area within this project is 43,880 acres with about 40,000 acres producing crops Water for this project is allotted from the Crane Prairie Reservoir.

The original Crescent Lake Dam was built in 1922 at the outlet of Crescent Lake It was a timber and rock-filled dam, designed for a storage capacity of 86,000 acre feet, at a gauge height of 23 feet. This lake is 85 miles southwest of Bend. The water from this reservoir was allotted to the Deschutes County Municipal Improvement (Tumalo) District. Several years ago serious deterioration took place in the old dam and twicethe storage was reduced--once, to 15 feet on the gauge and second, to 10 feet onthe gauge. Plans were then made for the reconstruction of this dam. The project was approved by the U. S. Congress fpr construction by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation and money was appropriated for the new dam in 1954. This project

- 16 - was completed in 1956. Provisions are provided for adequate care of fish by the used of fish screens and minimum year-round stream flow

The Crook County Improvement District No. 1 (Lone Pine), though not in Deschutes County, does use irrigation water vital to this area. The irri- gated farms of these nearby projects lie within the trade area of Bend. This district of 2,370 irrigable acres secures its water through the Pilot Butte Canal of the Central Oregon Irrigation District. The source of its water is the Crane Prairie Reservoir in which it has a storage right. The facilities of this project were built by the North Canal Company in 1922 and 1923 under the Carey Act. One unique feature in the facilities of this project is a 28 inch siphon supported by a steel suspension bridge carrying district water across the Crooked River. This district is immediately north of the Central Oregon District and in Crook County.

The Deschutes County Municipal Improvement District (Tumalo District) lies on the west side of the Deschutes River about two miles north of Bend. This project was started as a State project in 1904 under the provisions of the Carey Act and some 27,000 acres were proposed to be irrigated from Tumalo Creek. Tumalo Reservoir was constructed on Tumalo Creek but failed to hold water; however, the construction of a dike within the total reser- voir area created an upper reservoir that is in constant use. After the failure of the reservoir the acreage of the project was cut to 15,400 acres. In 1919, this district was reorganized and the acreage again reduced. The storage right of the Walker Basin Irrigation Company at Crescent Lake was purchased and a reservoir of 86,000 acre-feet capacity was constructed and placed in operation by 1922. In time this dam deteriorated with resulting reduced capacity. At the present time there are 6,650 irrigable acres in this Tumalo District, using water from Tumalo Creek and its tributaries, Crescent Lake and 9½ second-feet from the Deschutes River.

When future demands for irrigation water warrant the expense, it is considered possible to seal the floor fault of the Tumalo Basin reservoir and restore it to use. The U. S. Bureau of Reclamation has had similar experiences in Idaho and believes the reclaiming of this reservoir possible.

Deschutes Reclamation and Irrigation Company (Swalley) has the oldest decreed right to water for irrigation from the Deschutes River. It is located just north of Bend on the east side of the Deschutes River. It requires no additional water. It is a project of 4,180 acres.

Snow Creek District lies just west of the Deschutes County Municipal Improvement (Thmalo) District. It is a district that includes but one land ownership with a total irrigable acreage of about 1,500 acres. It secures its water from Three Creeks Lake.

The Squaw Creek District consists of 4,000 acres and is located north of the Snow Creek District, and about nine miles west of the Central Oregon District. The water for this district comes from Squaw Creek. This district needs a reservoir for the impounding of additional Squaw Creek water and resulting improvcment in irrigation The topography in the vicinity of this project is discouraging to the construction of the needed reservoir but thorough investigation could no doubt find a logical site for such a reservoir.

The Deschutes Project is located in parts of Deschutes, Jefferson, and Crook Counties. This investigation is attempting to determine the optimum use of water and related land resources in the Central Deschutes area. There are about 340,000 acres of arable land in the Central Deschutes Basin of which some 165,000 acres are presently irrigated. Of these totals, it may be possible to serve about 66,000 acres of new lands with an adequate water supply and to provide supplemental water to an estimated 121,000 acres of irrigated lands. By (1) use of unassigned space in the Prineville reservoir, and (2) lining the distribution systems of 4 irrigation districts and (3) development of four new storage reservoirs, 393,000 acre-feet of new water storage space could be made available in the Central Deschutes system. The special report on the Deschutes Project will present framework plans for the development with recommendations for future detailed studies.

Much water loss is sustained in streams, canals, and reservoirs. No doubt the future demands will bring more attention to the sealing of reser- voir basins and the sealing or diversion of streams and canals. The recovery of vital water will warrant this expense as water needs become very urgent, to provide for increasing population and agricultural demands. One study made during the broad investigation for the Benham Falls Dam disclosed that for a distance of about eight miles between the Falls and Lava Island, there is now a loss averaging about 6.7 percent. At some future time the need for this lost water and for new irrigable lands will be such as to warrant the cutting of a new channel in more impervious ground. The Benham Falls studies have confirmed this possibility.

Major hydroelectric developments in Deschutes County are listed in the table following. There are rights ofonly a few cfs each (not listed) which are used to a large extent for pumping irrigation water rather than for the generation of electric power.

Table 10. Major Hydroelectric Developments, Deschutes County, 1959

Installed Average Annual Name Stream Capacity Generation Kilowatts 1,000 kwt-hrs

Cline Falls, P.P. L. Deschutes Riv 750 4,600 Bend, P.P. L Deschutes Riv 1,110 5,600 Total 1,860 10,200

SOURCE: State Water Resources Board, Deschutes River Basin, January 1961.

- 18 - Industrial water rights are scattered throughout the basin andare used by various industries, mainly lumber and foodprocessing plants, sand and gravel operations, and railroads. Many industrial plants receive water from municipal water systems and do not hold individual water rights. Industrial water rights for the Basin total 239 cfs.

Mining does not play alarge part in the economy of the Basinexcept for the production of sand and gravel and related building materials, andthese usually obtain industrial water rights. There are only three water rights for a total of 51 cfs in the Basin.

Water rights for recreation were issued in the past only for swimming pools and related purposes at resorts, and thus totaled less thanone cfs. Restrictions on the use of water are sometimes given in conjunction with the issuance of other water rights. Minimum flows have to be maintained in the Deschutes River below Wickiup Dam and below Bendat all times of the year to preserve aquatic life and scenic attractions of the stream. Most of the recreational areas in the Basin are locatedon streams, lakes, and reservoirs and their value and attractiveness depend directlyon water. The Deschutes Basin is one of the most popular recreationalareas of the State, and fishing is one of its major attractions. Water rights for fish have been appropriated in the past only for the propagation of fish in hatcheries.

Minerals

There has been no really definitive studies of the mineralresources of Deschutes County; however, the known economic mineralresources include diatomite, pumice, scoria, cinders, building stone, sand and gravel, and crushed rock.

Diatomite occurs in large deposits in several places. It has been produced and processed consistently for manyyears at a quarry on the Deschutes River near Terrebonne.

Pumice, abundantly distributed over Central Oregon, has been produced commercially from pits located near Bend. By far the largest production since World War II has been for lightweight aggregate.

Deposits of perlite, limestone and gypsum are also known to exist but have not been extensively developed. The collection of agates and opals for manufacture into jewelry and as tourist souvenirs has become ofcon- siderable importance as a hobby or sideline activity fora number of local and outside enthusiasts.

The geology of the Deschutes Basin is quite variable, includingsome of the youngest, as well as the oldest bedrock in Oregon. Much of the Basin

SOURCE: Letter from Ralph S. Mason, Deputy State Geologist, Nov. 16, 1972 and an Outline of Geology and Mineral Resources by the State of Oregon, Department of Geology and Mineral Industries.

- 19 - is underlain by basaltic lavas and tuffs rangingin age from Mid-Tertiary Columbia River basalt in the lower basin to Pleistoceneand recent flows in the Cascade Mountains and near Bend. The Dalles formation, composed mainly of volcanic-derived sediments and intercalate4lavas, underlies the central plains and plateaus. Thick to thin surficial Eolian depositsof bess and pumice ash are present in largeportions of the Basin.

Forest Land

Over half the area is covered with coniferousforest and woodlands, and the remainder is covered with sagebrush and bunchgrass. Forests blanket the entire eastern slopes of the Cascades exceptfor small areas above timber line around the higher peaks and on recentlava flows. They also cover the Ochoco and Maury Mountains but arefound mostly on the north facing slopes of the lower foothills and outlying buttes.

The dominant species of tree is the ponderosapine (Pinus ponderosa) which occupies a belt varying from 5 to 20 milesin width along the entire western border of the region and throughoutmost of the Ochoco Mountains. In the more accessible areas, many of the larger treeshave been logged off, but there are still large stands of old growthtimber adjacent to highways and in remote and inaccessible areas whichhave long been in national forests. The continuity of the virgin ponderosa belt isbroken by some Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga taxifolia), westernwhite pine (Pinus monticola), immature stands of second growth ponderosa, andpockets of lodgepole pine (Pinus controta) where cutting has occurred. On the upper slopes of the Cascades are pure stands of mountain hemlock (Tsugamertesiana), western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla), noble fir (Abies procera), Pacific silver fir (Abies amabilis), Douglas fir, larch (Larixoccidentalis), and mixed stands of these and other species. In the highest areas are found sub- alpine forests consisting of sparse stands of alpinefir (Abies lasiocarpa), white fir (Abies grandis), and lodgepole pine. These often cover the ridges and extend to timberline on the several peaksthat rise above the summit of the Cascades. Mixed types predominate for three to tenmiles along the Cascade summits. Although the stands of ponderosa arerelatively pure in most of the timbered areas, onthe basin floor they begin to merge into a woodland-steppe zone of scatteredjuniper (Juniperus occidentalis), and lodgepole pine, bunchgrass, and sagebrush.

Areas where there are large, relatively pure standsof juniper and lodge- pole pine are found in the central and southcentral portions of the Basin Lodgepole pine predominates to the south near BeaverMarsh and extends north gradually intermixing with pondersoa pine. Where drainage is poor the pon- derosa is absent, or confined to slight riseswhich are better drained. Farther north on the central plateau, which includes muchof the core area, is an extensive woodland of junipers, said to be the largestin the world. They are also found to the southeast along ridges inthe semi-arid High Lava Plains.

The original natural vegetation of the nonforested area waspredominantly perennial bunchgrass, but as a result of various factors,much of this has

- 20 - been invaded by less valuable annualgrasses, weeds, and sagebrush (Artemisja tridentata) The predominant bunchgrassesare bluebunch wheatgrass (Agropyron spicatum), Idaho fescue (Festuca idahoensis),and Sandberg bluegrass (Poa secunda). Other less abundant perennialgrasses are needlegrass (Stipa spp.), Indian ricegrass (Orzopsis hymenoides),thickspike wheatgrass (Agropyron dasystachyum), junegrass (Koeleriacristata), and giant wild-rye (Elymus cinereus). Giant wild-rye grows in swales and othermoist sites. Idaho fescue is most abundant on deep soils and on moist northernexposures. On the sandy soils, Indian ricegrass,sand dropseed (Spbrobolus cryptandrus), beardless wild-rye (Elymus triticoides),needlegrass, and thickspike wheat- grass commonly predominate. Excellent grasses for livestockare found among the open stands of ponderosapine and in the various meadows surrounding the Cascade lakes and well-watered lowlands. Some desireable perennialgrasses are also found among the juniper woodlands if therange has been under proper management.

In Deschutes County the junipers forman open woodland. The trees are 50 to 100 feet apart, andsome are 15 to 20 inches in diameter and 20or 30 feet tall. The larger trees have a spreading branchyform. The under- story of big sagebrush, rabbitbrush, bunchgrasses,annual grasses, and associated herbs is similar to the naturalcover on the open range in Jefferson County. Junipers often reach considerable size in thislocality but are generally consideredworthless except for fuel and fenceposts and for making small curios.

Toward the south, as the elevation becomeshigher and the amount of precipitation increases, the junipers and otherplants become somewhat larger and the stands denser. In the southern and western parts of thecounty, where the annual precipitation isabout 12 inches and the altitude is 3,100 to 3,700 feet, ponderosa pinesare scattered among the junipers. At about the same elevation or slightly lower,bitterbrush (Purshia tridentata)appears as part of the understory. Bitterbrush, also called antelope brush, isa shrub that provides good browse for livestockand big game animals.

The best grazing is found within the forestedareas, especially in areas that are well watered. Grazing is generally poor among the juniperwoodlands, since that area is located within andclose to the core area and has long been overgrazed. Productivity of the range is low comparedto the original condition in all unprotected districts.

Several decades of logging activity have changed the character of about half of the countys commercial forest area. This logging has been principally in the ponderosa pine forests. Total area logged to date is 470,000 acres, Selectively cut stands of 237,000 acres or half of the logged area at the time of the reinventory of 1953 contained sufficient volume per acre to be classed as sawtimber. At that time there were 360,000 acres of uncut sawtimber; of this 57 percent is stocked by ponderosa pine, 22 percent is in lodgepole pine and 21 percent is in the upper slope species (mountain hemlock, firs, spruce). The total pole- timber stand occupies 317,000 acres of which 180,000 acres was logged for the original ponderosa pine sawtimber. Seedling and sapling stands cOver 40,000 acres, four-fifths of which is logged land.

- 21 - Nonstocked area is 15.000 arcres of which one-fourth island deforested by fire and the remainder is cut-over land. Some of the logged off land has been cleared for agricultural or other nonforest use.

Table 11. Growth and Mortality by Species, Deschutes National Forest

Total Mortality Total Net Species Net Volume Working Circle Growth MM bd-ft. MM bd-ft MM bd-ft.

Douglas Fir 917.4 6.7 -.4 Ponderosa Pine 6,042.7 13.3 49.3 Sugar Pine 31.0 .5 Western White Pine 163.1 .4 1.5 Lodgepole Pine 1,101.4 4.0 27.0 Whitebark Pine 24.9 .1 .2 White or Grand Fir 765.2 3.8 13.0 Shasta Red Fir 73.8 .8 Pacific Silver Fir 91.4 .9 -.3 Noble Fir 152.1 1.7 Sub-alpine Fir 177.7 2.2 Engelmann Spruce 76.6 1.2 -.3 Mountain Hemlock 1,416.7 2.3 10.7 Western Hemlock 9.3 Incense Cedar.... 17.3 Western Larch 6.4 .2 Hardwoods 14.6 Total 11,081.6 35.1 103.7

SOURCE: U.S. Forest Service, Department of Agriculture, InventoryStatistics, Pacific Northwest Region, December, 1962.

- 22 - Table 12. Net Volume and Area by Type, Deschutes County, Deschutes NatL Forest

Type Acres MM bd-ft MM cu-ft

Ponderosa pine: P1 53,095 65.7 24.6 Young P2 67,295 52.4 40.9 Growth RP 1 16,669 67.7 14.6 RP2 ..... 6,174 17.2 6.1 Virgin P3 30,869 251.5 64.6 P4 74,704 1,559.1 275.7 Residual RP3 23,461 131.6 31.7 RP4 54,330 941.3 164.9 Associated species: RD2 617 .7 .2 Young growth WBP1 617 .1 .3 FM2 2,469 6.2 4.8 WF 1 4,939 6.3 2.8 WF2 ...... 3,704 10.6 6.4 RWF 1 3,705 18.6 4.2 RWF2 1,852 11.2 4.9 ES1 617 1.1 .2 ES 2 617 1.5 1.8 Ji 2,470 3.3 .8 J2 617 1.8 .2 HD 2 618 .4 Virgin D3 617 5.5 1.4 D4 2,470 65.5 12.3 FM3 4,940 58.6 20.3 WF 3 8,026 125.0 35.8 WF4 6,174 112.3 26.2 ES3 617 23.1 5.3 ES4 618 12.9 2.9 J3 617 1.8 .4 Residual RD3 617 4.4 1.0 RD4 1,852 33.1 6.4 RWF 3 1,852 21.7 6.4 RWF4. 1,852 16.5 5.1 RJ4..... 617 4.5 .5 Lodgepole pine: LP1 51,243 54.1 36.0 Young growth LP2 204,972 373.5 373.3 RLP 1 5,557 15.0 4.6 RLP2 8,643 29. 2 13.3 Virgin LP3.. 40,747 299.5 103.7 Residual RLP3 3,087 18.8 5.1 Mountain Hemlock: MH1 617 .9 .4 Young MH2 12,348 49.7 27.4 Virgin MH3 37,043 499.2 151.8 MH4 19,756 576.7 133.8 NS 44,452 2.7 .8 Total Commercial 808,773 5,552.1 1,624.3 Non-Commercial 10,495 Non-Forest 72,235 Total Area 891,503 5,552.1 1,624.3 SOURCE: U.S. Forest Service, Department of Agriculture, Inventory Statistics, Pacific Northwest Region, December 1962. For further information on the Forest inDeschutes County see the Inventory Statistics of the Deschutes National Forest,Deschutes Working Circle.

Wildlife

The fish and wildlife in Central Oregon comprise a resourcebase of great importance. Every year sportsmen are attracted tothe excellent fishing in the lakes and streams and in the fallthousands of hunters visit the national forest to hunt deer, elk, and antelope. Many streams contain trout, and the upper reaches of the DeschutesRiver and the Cascade lakes are particularly well stocked. Numerous species of waterfowl are found near the lakes and rivers.

The number of game animals varies widely from year to year,depending upon policy established by the StateFish and Game Commission and the legis- lature. From time to time large areas are closed tohunting to maintain the supply of game. A large game refuge has been created nearthe Newberry Craters, and several fish hatcheries have beenestablished to increase the supply of game fish.

Deschutes County has excellent populations of muledeer and limited numbers of blacktail deer, Rocky Mountain elk, andantelope. More than 100,000 man days are spent afield by big game hunterseach hunting season, mainly hunting for deer. The average annual kill of deer is about 6,000 animals. Mule deer have shown a steady increase in populationdue to larger areas of improved habitat created by loggingoperations with some increases noted adjacent to irrigated lands,and due to a great reduction of predators. The population of mule and blacktail deer in theDeschutes National Forest was estimated at 1,200 in 1924 and62,000 in 1960.

Table 13. Mule Deer Herd Composition, DeschuteS County,1971.

Classification Fawns! Percent District Units Adult Fawn Total 100 Adults Survival

Des chutes.. Deschutes 160 62 222 42 93 Paulina.... Deschutes 760 300 1,062 39 62

SOURCE: Oregon State Game Commission, 1971 Annual Report,Oregon State Game Commission

- 24 - Table 14. Antelope Herd Composition, Deschutes County, 1970

Classification Units District Bucks! Fawns! Bucks Does Fawns 100 Does 100 Does

Maury Deschutes 7 45 18 16 40 Wagontire Deschutes 20 70 28 29 40 Paulina Deschutes 2 9 6 -- --

Oregon State Game Commission, 1971 Annual Report, Oregon State Game Commission.

Table 15. Aerial Antelope Inventory, Déschutes County, 1971

Unit and Area District Miles Antelope Antelope/Mile

Maury Deschutes 200 195 1.0 Paul ma Deschutes 200 300 1.5 Wagont ire. Deschutes 250 420 1.7

SOURCE: Oregon State Game Commission,1971 Annual Report, Oregon State Game Commission.

Table 16. Big Game PopulationTrends, Deschutes County, 1962-1971

Game Animal Miles Number and Unit Traveled Observed 1962 1963 1964 1965 1971

Mule Deer Deschutes 55 108 2.1 1.2 1.9 2.1 2.0 Paulina 280 1,308 4.6 3.2 4.5 4.7 4.7 Antelope Des chutes Paul ma 200 303 1.2 1.8 1.9 1.5

SOURCE: Oregon State Game Commission, 1971 Annual Report, Oregon State Game Commission.

- 25 Table 17. Deer and Elk Harvest, Deschutes County, 1971

Item Deer Elk

Number of Hunters 8,030 90 Season Total Harvest 1,060 3 Percent of Hunter Success 13 3 Animals Harvested! Sq. Mi .77 .00

SOURCE: Oregon State Game Commission, 1971 Annual Report, Oregon State Game Commission.

A remarkable increase in the population of game birds has taken place on irrigated lands in the basin. Excellent populations of valley quail and chukar partridges and limited numbers of pheasant, grouse, sage grouse, doves, and Hungarian partridges are found in the basin. About 50,000 hunter days afield are spent each year in search of small game.

Waterfowl use of the Deschutes Basin is not as extensive as other game speëies. Some local nesting takes place along the streams and lakes, especially in the lower reaches of the Little Deschutes River. Waterfowl hunting is more limited than in many other areas of the state.

Table 18. SmallGameBirds Waterfowl, Deschutes County, 1970

Days Sq. Miles Birds Killed Hunters Harvest Bird Hunted Of Habitat Per Sq. Mi.

Pheasant 2,540 8,240 9,680 344 24 Quail 2,980 30,410 16,130 5,665 5.4 Hungarian Partridge 460 1,350 1,,900 3,494 .4 Blue Ruffed Grouse 190 320 290 2,172 .1 Silver Gray Squirrel 20 130 40 2,172 .1 Mourning Dove 1,960 21,630 7,060 3,494 8.6 Duck 2,150 11,840 11,570 Goose 1,080 1,540 5,560 Snipe 40 40 20

SOURCE: Oregon State GameCommission,1971Annual Report,Oregon State Game Commission.

- 26 - Table 19. Upland GameSpring Population Inventory, Deschutes District,1965 and 1970

Item Pheasants Valley Quail

Adults 42 10 Chicks 139 3 Total 181 13 Miles Traveled 180 125 Number/ 100 miles 1965 2.6 2.4 1970 7.8 14.7

SOURCE: Oregon State Game Commission, 1971 Annual Report, Oregon State Game Commission.

Furbearers in the basin include beaver, muskrat, mink, marten, and otter. Beaver and muskrat are the most important species in the trapping industry with both being dependent on aquatic habitat. However, trappers reports indicate that many species of furbearing animals are caught that are not traditionally thought of as furbearers, such as the coyote.

Table 20. Trappers Reports, Deschutes County, 1970-71

Animal No. Caught Average Pelt Price 1971

Beaver 14 $ 11.60 $ 9.52 Otter 10 19.57 23.60 Mink 15 5.62 3.29 Muskrat 55 .85 .91 Raccoon 16 1.85 1.98 Marten 19 6.07 5.77 Civet Cat 5 1.31 .91 Weasel 3 .55 .32 Badger 2 2.05 3.25 Gray Fox 1 1.30 2.45 Wild Cat 15 8.92 13.66 Coyote 18 3.15 6.93

SOURCE: Oregon State Game Commission, 1971 Annual Report, Oregon State Game Commission,

- 27 - A variety of fish utilize the streams and lakesin Deschutes County. the Anadromous fish (i e , fish which migrate upstream to spawn) include spring chinook and steelhead trout Resident species include the rainbow trout, brown and brook trout, roach kokanee,whitefish, and others

Table 21. Summary of Net Collections, Deschutes CountyLakes, 1970

Water F Species Date Number of Nets Number of Fish Percent of Total

Big Cultus 10/13 LT 16 19.5 Rb 26 31.7 BT 2 2.5 Wf 38 46.3

Big Lava 10/2 BT 122 79.7 Rb 4 2.7 Ro 27 17.6

Crane Prairie 9/10-11 Rb 145 7.2 BT 6 .3 Co 73 3.6 K 5 .2 Ro 1,800 88.7

East Lake 10/7 Rb 13 1.5 BT 842 98.0 Br 4 .5

Paul ma 10/8 Rb 156 89.7 Ro 18 10.3

LT - Lake Trout; Rb - Rainbow Trout; BT - Brook Trout;Wf - Whitefish; Ro - Roach; Co - Coho Salmon; K - kokanee SOURCE: Oregon State Game Commission, 1971 Annual Report, OregonState Game Commission.

- 28 - Table 22. Average Fork Length of Female Fish in Each Stage of Maturity in Selected Deschutes County Lakes, 1968

Immature Maturing Water Species Mat ure NumberAve. Length NumberAve. Length NumberAve. Length incEes. inches inches Big Cultus Rb 6 9.7 LT 15 17.8 21.0

Crane Prairie Rb 19 9.8 13 14.2 BT 4 7.0 32 10.3 K 1 10.3 5 11.7 Co 6 8.3 13 11.3

East Lake BT 7.0 12.6 2 13.1

Little Cultus Rb 9.0 2 10.4 BT 24 8.0

Paul ma Rb 9.4

Wickiup Br 18.4 1 20.0 K 10.1

Rb - Rainbow Trout; LK Lake Trout; BT - Brook Trout; K- Kokanee; Co - Coho Salmon SOURCE: Oregon State Fisheries Commission, 1968 Annual Report.

Table 23. Summary of East and Paulina Lake Catch Statistics, 1968

Item East Lake Paulina Lake 1966 1967 1968 1966 1967 1968 I

Angler Trips 38,600 36,300 44,462 24,400 24,900 22,695 Total Trout Caught 86,000 78,600 97,419 49,000 65,900 56,608 Fish/Hour .71 .50 .56 .63 .67 .71 Fish/Angler 2.23 2.17 2.19 2.00 2.65 2.49

SOURCE: Oregon State Fisheries Commission, 1968 Annual Report.

- 29 - HUMAN RESOURCES

Population

The population of Deschutes County numbered about33,800 persons in July 1972 or 11.05 persons per square mile. Two-thirds of the county's population lives in urban areas, about 10 percent live onfarms, and the remaining 24 percent make up the rural non-farm population.

Table 24. Population Rank Order in Oregon, Deschutes and BorderingCounties 1960, 1966 and 1972

County 1960 1966 1972 Rank Population Rank Population Rank Population ]

DESCHUTES 18 23,100 16 27,600 16 33,800 Crook 27 9,430 27 8,950 27 10,610 Jefferson 30 7 , 130 26 10,300 28 8,980 Klamath 10 47,475 9 48,300 11 51,940 Lake 29 7,158 30 6,230 31 6,740

SOURCE: Center for Population Research and Census, PopulationEstimates of Counties and Incorporated Cities of Oregon, Portland State University, July1972 and 1966. U.S. Bureauofthe Census, Census of Population: 1960 General Population Characteristics, Final Report PC(1) - B39, Oregon,U S Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1961.

Table 25. Land Area and Population Density in Oregon, 1950, 1960and 1972

County and State Land Area Population Density 1972 Sq. Mi. 1950 1 1960

State 96,248 15.8 18.4 22.7 D E SC HUT ES 3,027 7.2 7.6 11.2 Crook 2,980 3.0 3.2 3.6 Jefferson 1,794 3.1 4.0 5.0 Kl ainath 5,972 7.1 7.9 8.7 Lake 8,269 0.8 0.9 0.8

SOURCE: Center for Population Research and Census, PopulationEstimates of Counties and Incorporated Cities of Oregon, Portland StateUniversity, July 1972. U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census ofPopulation: 1950 and 1960 General Population Characteristics, Final ReportPC(1) - B39, Oregon, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington,D.C., 1951, 1961.

- 30 - The recent population growth in Deschutes County has beenremarkable. Between 1966 and 1972, the county growth rate was approximately23 percent. This compares to a 12 percent increase for the State of Oregon.

Table 26. Population Growth, Deschutes County

Year Population Period Percent Increase

1910 1920 9,622 1910-19 20 1930 14,749 19 20-1930 53.3

1940 18,631 1930- 1940 26. 3 1950 21,812 1940- 1950 17.1 1960 23,100 1950- 1960 5.9 1965 27,000 1960- 1965 16.9 1966 27,600 1960-1966 19.5 1972 33,800 1966- 1972 22.5

SOURCE: Center for Population Research and Census, Population Estimates of Counties and Incorporated Cities of Oregon, Portland State University, July 1972. U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Population: 1970General Population Characteristics, Final Report PC(l)-C39,Oregon, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.,1971. Table 27. Population of Incorporated Cities, Deschutes County, 1920-1972

Year Bend Redmond Sisters I

1920 5,415 585 1930 8,848 944 1940 10,021 1,876 1950 11,409 2,956 723 1960 11,936 3,340 602 1966 13,200 3,846 630 1972 14,530 3,920 635

SOURCE: Center for Population Research and Census, Population Estimates of Counties and Incorporated Cities of Oregon, Portland State University, July1972. U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Population: 1970General Poyulation Characteristics, Final Report PC(l)- B39, Oregon, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.,1971.

- 31 Table 28. Number of Persons in Deschutes County by Race, 1970

Race County Number Percent

Caucasian 29,781 97.83 Spanish Language 441 1.45 Black 24 .08 American Indian 93 .31 Other 103 .34 Total 30,442 100.00

SOURCE: Oregon State University Extension Service, Incomeand Poverty Data for Racial Groups: A Compilation for Oregon Census County Divisions, Special Report 367, Oregon State University, 1972.

Table 29. Components of Change in Population, Deschutes County

I tern 1940- 1950 1950-1960 1960- 1970

Net change 3,181 1,288 7,342 Natural increase 2,768 3,052 1,989 Net migration 413 -1,764 5,353

SOURCE: Bureau of Business and Economic Research, Oregon Economic Statistics 1972, University of Oregon, 1972.

The.composition of Deschutes County's population by age and sex is much the same by percent as that of the State of Oregon. About 34 percent of the county's population is under 18 years of age, 56 percent in the 18 to 64 age group and the remaining 11 percent 65 and over. The median age in Deschutes County is 31.0 years. Composition by sex shows 49.4 percent males and 50 6 percent females Figures for the State of Oregon are almost identical with 33 percent under 18 yearsof age, 55.8 percent 18 to 64 years, 10.8 percent 65 years and over, and 49.0 percent males, and 51.0 percent females. The median age for the state is 21.8 years of age.

- 32 - Table 30. Population by Age, Race and Sex, Deschutes County, 1970

All Races White Black Age Group 1/ Male JFemale Male J Female Male Female

Under 5 years.. 1,192 1,151 1,173 1,143 1 5-9 1,492 1,453 1,480 1,438 2 10-14 1,597 1,643 1,592 1,627 3 15-19 1,451 1,386 1,449 1,373 20-24 825 897 807 877 25-29 810 961 807 956 30-34 932 927 927 921 35-39 789 831 785 822 40-44 895 906 891 902 45-49 885 992 878 983 50-54 858 909 852 904 55-59 893 904 889 901 60-64 745 741 741 737 65-69 638 616 636 615 70-74 428 430 425 428 75-79 313 311 313 310 80-84 164 228 163 228 85 and older... 120 129 120 129

Total 15,027 15,415 14,928 15,294 12 12

1/ Includes Spanish Language SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Population: 1970 General Population Characteristics, Final Report PC(l)-B39 Oregon, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1971.

-33 - Table 31. Social Characteristics of Deschutes Countyand Cities Over 10,000, 1970

Country Bend County

Total Population 137l0 30 .442 Native of Native parentage 12,238 27,440 Native of foreign or mixed parentage 1,166 2,471

Foreign Born 306 531

Total Foreign Stock 1,472 3,002 United Kingdom 114 253 Ireland 44 61 Sweden 87 215 Germany 229 522 Poland 34 63 Czechoslovakia 7 36 Austria 13 60 Hungary 7 14 U.S S R 46 76 Italy 9 75 Canada 333 638 Mexico 5 18 Other Americas 6 40

Persons of Spanish Lanuage 931 Persons of Spanish origin or descent 105

Mother tongue total 13,710 30,442 English 12,078 27,095 French 63 97 German 407 778 Spanish 89 204 Other 1,073 2,268

SOURCE: U.S: Bureau of the Census, Census of Population: 1970 General Social and Economic Characteristics, Final ReportPC(1)-C39 Oregon, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.,1972.

- 34 - Employment

The Oregon State Department of Employment reported in 1971 the total civilian labor force for Deschutes County as 14,050 persons At that time the number of unemployed was 890 or 6.3 percent of the labor force.

Table 32. Labor Force in Deschutes County, 1968 and 1971

Industry Annual Averages 1968 1971

Civilian Labor Force 11,570 14,050 Unemployed 620 890 Percent of Labor Force 5.4Z 6.3% Employed 10,950 13,160 Agricultural 740 720 Non-agricultural 10,210 12,440 Self-employed, unpaid and Domestics 1,400 1,670 Wage and Salary Workers 8,810 10,770 Manufacturing Total 2,350 2,720 Food products 120 120 Lumber and wood products 1,740 1,880 Other manufacturing 490 720 Non-manufacturing 6,460 8,050 Contract construction 380 570 Transportation, Communication, Utilities 540 660 Wholesale and retail trade 2,110 2,320 Finance, Insurance E Real Estate 410 710 Service and Miscellaneous 1,220 1,660 Government 1,800 2,130

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census ofPopulation: 1970 General Social and Economic Characteristics, FinalReport PC(i)-C39 Oregon, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington,D.C., 1972.

- 35 - Table 33. Employment Status, Deschutes County and Bend,1970

Subject Deschutes County Bend

Male, 16 years and older 10,341 4,666 Labor Force 7,708 3,413 Percent of Total 74.5% 73.1% Civilian Labor Force 7,704 3,413 Employed 7,230 3,224 Unemployed 474 189 Percent of Civilian Labor Force 6.2% 5.5% Not in Labor Force 2,633 1,253 Inmate of Institution 78 14 Enrolled in School 621 376 Other: under 65 years 684 305 65 years and over 1,250 558

Female, 16 years and older 10,928 5,087 Labor Force 4,687 2,348 Percent of Total 42.9% 46.2% Civilian Labor Force 4,687 2,348 Employed 4,325 2,180 Unemployed 362 168 Percent of Civilian Labor Force 7.7% 7.2% Not in Labor Force 6,241 2,739 Inmate of Institution 184 72 Enrolled in School 561 245 Other: under 65 years 4,148 1,749 65 years and over 1,384 668

Male, 16 to 21 years 1,375 676 Not enrolled in school 417 147 Not a high school graduate 176 61 Unemployed or not in labor force 68 11

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Population: 1970 General Social and Economic Characteristics, Final Report PC(l)-C39 Oregon U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.,1972.

- 36 - Table 34. Percent of Population in Labor Force by Age and Sex, 1970

Age Group Deschutes County B end Male Female Male Female

Years 14-15 18.5 10.5 24.2 13.2 16-17 41.8 34.5 38.0 41.2 18-19 55.9 57.6 54.6 62.7 20-21 71.5 47.2 64.3 46.2 2 2-24 88.5 53. 1 87.9 53.6 25-34 94.9 46.9 91.2 48.3 35-44 95.3 56.8 94.0 59.6 45-64 86.8 46.2 87.0 52.4 65 and over 21.8 12.2 22. 4 14.9

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Censusof Population: 1970 General Social and Economic Characteristics,Final Report PC(1)-C39, Oregon, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington,D.C., 1972.

Table 35. Number of Hired Seasonal Workersin Agriculture by Type of Worker, Deschutes County, 1965 and1971, Midmonth Figures

Intrastate Interstate Month Local Migratory Migratory 1965 1971 1965 1971 1965 1971

May 200 250 75 250 225 50 June 200 300 50 250 200 50 July 300 250 50 150 300 50 August 200 300 50 150 300 100

September 70 375 30 275 - - - October 560 250 65 200 315 150

SOURCE: Oregon State Department of Human Resources, Employment Division, 1971 Annual Rural Manpower Report, 1972.

- 37 - Table 36. Number and Percent of Persons Unemployed for Deschutes and Bordering Counties, 1963, 1968, 1971

Number Percent Total Labor Force County Unemployed Unemployed 1968 1971 1963 1968 1971 1963 I 1968 I1971 1963 I

DESCHUTES 9,380 11,570 14,050 530 620 890 5.7 5.4 6.3 Klamath 17,430 19,930 20,950 1,000 930 1,350 5.7 4.7 6.4 Lake 2,790 3,020 3,020 170 210 210 6.1 7.0 7.0 Jefferson 4,340 3,930 4,000 150 250 320 3.5 6.4 8.0 Crook 3,890 4,540 4,800 220 210 370 5.7 4.6 7.6

SOURCE: Oregon State Department of Human Resources, Employment Division, Labor Force and Employment in Oregon by County 1968 through 1971 publications, Research and Statistics Section.

Table 37. Major Occupation Group of Unemployed, Deschutes County, 1960 and 1970

Group 1960 1970

Male 574 468 Professional, Technical EManagerial Workers 33 51 Sales Workers 18 9 Clerical Kindred Workers 4 5 Craftsmen) Foremen Kindred Workers 98 117 Operatives, inc. transport 155 94 Laborers, except farm 176 126 Farm Workers 69 15 Service Workers 21 44

Female 236 336 Professional, Technical EManagerial Workers 12 41 Sales Workers 19 32 Clerical Kindred Workers 26 76 Operatives,md.transport 19 80 Other Blue-Collar Workers 5 27 Farm Workers 8 -- Service Workers 83 59 Private Household Workers 64 10

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Population: 1970 General Social and Economic Characteristics, Final Report PC(1)-C39 Oregon, U S Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1972.

- 38 Income

Table 38. Mean Income by Race, Deschutes County, 1970

Unrelated Rae e Families Individuals

All Races $ 9,987 $ 3,500 Caucasian $ 9,997 $ 3,539 Spanish Language $ 8,834 $ 858 Other $10,675 $

SOURCE: Oregon State University Extension Service, Income and Poverty Data for Racial Groups: A Compilation for Oregon Census County Divisions, Special Report 367, Oregon State University, 1972.

Table 39. Families by Income Class, Deschutes County, 1970 Spanish All Races Caucasian Other Category Language

Number IPercent NumberPercent Number Ipercent Number Percent

Under $3,999 1,437 17.24 7 7.53 1,425 17.36 14.71 $4,000-$ 5,999 834 10.00 20 21.51 814 9.91 $6,000-$ 11,999 3,632 43.56 46 49.46 3,570 43.48 16 47.06 $12,000 + 2,434 29.20 20 21.50 2,401 29.25 13 38.23 Total 8,337 100.00 93 100.00 8,210 100.00 34 100.00

SOURCE: Oregon State University Extension Service, Income and Poverty Data for Racial Groups: A Compilation for Oregon Census County Divisions, Special Report 367, Oregon State University., 1972.

Table 40. Net Effective Buying Income Estimates, 1965 and 1970

Oregon Deschutes County I tern 1965 1970 1965 1970

Net Dollars (1,000) $4,552,279 $6,650,690 $53,651 $83,615 Per Capita 2,369 2,121 Per Household 7,436 9,440 6,624 8,040

SOURCE: Bureau of Business and Economic Research, Oregon Economic Statistics 1972, University of Oregon, 1972.

- 39 - Table 41. Income in 1969 of Rural Population by Families,Deschutes County, 1970

Income Farm Non-Farm

Less than $1,000 25 74 $l,000-$l,999 25 134 $2, 000-$2, 999 46 177 $3,000-$3,999 35 178 $4,000-$4,999 37 174 $5,000-$5,999 27 160 263 $6,000-$6,999 8 $7,000-$7,999 36 208 $8, 000-$8 ,999 29 297 $9,000-$9,999 34 162 $10,000-$11,999 77 374 $12,000-$14,999 107 388 $15,000-$24,999 73 364 $25,000-$49,999 36 83 $50,000 or more 10 19

Median income $10,013 $8,537 Mean income $11 ,378 9,639 Per capita income $ 3,376 2,899

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Population: 1970 General Social and Economic Characteristics, Final ReportPC(1)-C39 Oregon, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.,1972.

- 40 - Table 42. Income and Poverty Data for Racial Groups, Deschutes County,1970

Item Number Percent

Mean Income Families: All races $ 9,987 Caucasian $ 9,997 Spanish Language $ 8,834 Black Other $10,675 Unrelatedindividuals: All races $ 3,500 Caucasian $ 3,539 Spanish Language $ 858 Black Other Families by Income Class All races: under $3,999.. 1,437 17.24 $4 ,000-$5 ,999 834 10.00 $6, 000-$ 11, 999 3,632 43.56 $12,000 + 2,434 29.20 Total 8,337 100.00 Caucasian: under $3,999 1,425 17.36 $4,000-$5 ,999 814 9.91 $6, 000-$ll ,999 3,570 43.48 $12,000 + 2,401 29.25 Total 8,210 100.00 Spanish Language:

under $3,999 7 7.53 $4,000-$ 5,999 20 21.51 $6,000-$ll,999 46 49.46 $12,000 + 20 21.50 Total 93 100.00 Black: under $3,999 $4,000-s 5,999 $6,000-$ll,999 $12,000 + Total Other: under $3,999 14.71 $4 ,000-$5 ,999 $6,000-$ll,999 16 47.06 $12,000 + 13 38.23 Total 34 100.00 Income-below poverty level (bpl) Families bpl: All races 851 100.00 Caucasian 840 98.71 Spanish Language 6 .70 Black Other 5 .59 Persons in families bpl 2,722 Unrelated individuals bpl Under 65 475 65 and over 394

41 - Table 42, cont. Income and Poverty Data for Racial Groups,Deschutes County, 1970

Item Number Percent

Male family head (14-64 yrs) bpl Employed 242 Unemployed 35 Not in labor force 112 Female family head bpl in labor force with children below 6 yrs 33 Income source of families and unrelated individuals bpl Earnings 830 Social security or railroad retirement 770 Public assistance or welfare 142

SOURCE: Oregon State University Extension Service, Incomeand Poverty Data for Racial Groups A Compilation for Oregon Census County Divisions, Special Report 367, Oregon State University, 1972.

Table 43. Median Earnings of Selected Occupation Groups, Deschutes County, 1960 and 1970

Occupation Group 1960 1970

Male, total with earnings $ 4,615 $ 7,634 Professional, Managerial, Kindred Workers 5,872 10,206 Farmers Farm Managers 1,843 2,413 Craftsmen, Foremen, E Kindred Workers 4,943 7,808 Operatives Kindred Workers 4,440 7,153 Farm Laborers 1,965 Laborers, exc Farm E Mine 4,093 6,130

Female, total with earnings 1,742 2,825 Clerical ?j Kindred Workers 2,859 3,343 Operatives Kindred Workers 1,714 2,869

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Population: 1970 General Social and Economic Characteristics, Final Report PC (1)-C39 Oregon, U S Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1972.

- 42 - Education

Table 44. Formal Education Facilities, Deschutes County, 1971

District and School Grades Estimated Number of Students

Bend, #1 Bear Creek 1-6 752 Kenwood 1-6 407 Kingston 1-3 160 Lapine 1 -6 129 Marshall 1-4 99 Pilot Butte 1-6. 669 Thompson 1-4 230 Yew Lane 1-4 103 Young 1-4 108 Cascade Junior High 7-9 582 Pilot Butte Junior High 7-9 824 Bend High School 10-12 1,305

Redmond, #2J Al La 1 La 1-4 21 Cloverdale 1-3 17 Edwin Brown 1-3 212 Jessie Hill 4 152 John Tuck 4-6 485 M.A. Lynch..... 1-3 308 Terrebonne 1-6 189 Tuma lo 1-6 215 Redmond Middle 7-8 535 Redmond High 9-12 1,026

Sisters, #6 Sisters Kg -8 164

Brothers, #15 Brothers 1-8 12

SOURCE: Letter received from Lloyd Thomas, Coordinator StatisticalServices School Finance, Oregon Board of Education,November 16,1972.

- 43 - Table 45. Average Daily Attendance and Status of High Schools,Deschutes County, 1971-1972 School Year Average Daily High School District and Number Joint With Attendance Status

Deschut es Bend, #1 5,052.9 Unified A Redmond, #2J 2,928.8 Jefferson 24J,37J Unified 2/ Sisters, #6 139.9 UE 3/- Brothers, #15 9.9 UE

1/ Provides education for grades 1-12,organized underprovisionsof ORS 330.505 to 330.780 2/ Provides education for grades 1-12. 3/ Provides education for grades 1-12 but does not operate a high school This type of district sends its high school pupils to districtsoperating high schools and pays tuition. SOURCE State Board of Education, Statistical Services and School Finance, "Oregon School Districts", July 1, 1972, Type,Size, Location.

Table 46. School Enrollment, 3-34 years, Deschutes County, 1970

School Total Pub 1 Ic Private

Nursery School 73 38 Kindergarten 248 123 Elementary (1-8) 4,799 4,610 High School (9-12) 2,293 2,270 College 639

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Population: 1970 General Social and Economic Characteristics, Final Report PC (1)-C39 Oregon, U S Government Printing Office, Washington, D C , 1972

- 44 - Table 47. Percent of School Enrollment By Age, Deschutes County,1970

Age Group Percent

3 and 4 years 7.9 5 and 6 years 52.8 7 to 13 years 93.6 14 and 15 years 949 16 and 17 years 84.0 18 and 19 years 55.1 20 and 21 years ... 22.1 22 to 24 years 9.2 25 to 34 years 3.8

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Population: 1970 General Social and Economic Characteristics, Final Report PC(l)-C39 Oregon, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington,D.C., 1972.

Table 48. Years of School Completed by Population 25 Years and Over, Deschutes County, 1970

Education Male Female

a

No School Years Completed 54 47 Elementary: 1-4 years 163 89 5-7 years 513 390 8 years 1,227 1,003 High School: 1-3 years 1,543 1,656 4 years 2,892 3,636 College: 1-3 years 1,118 1,369 4 years or more 959 699

Median school years completed 12.3 12.3 Percent high school graduates 58.7 64.2

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Population: 1970 General Social and Economic Characteristics, Final Report PC (1)-.C39 Oregon, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1972.

- 45 - Table 49. Youth Organizations, Deschutes County, 1971

Organization Membership

4.-H 757 Vo-Ag Enrollment 215 Future Farmers 100 Camp Fire Girls 540

SOURCE: Unpublished data from Campfire Girls and Oregon State University Extension Service, 1972.

Health and Vital Statistics

The medical care facilities of Deschutes County arelocated in or around the two major population centers of Redmondand Bend. Most of the medical personnel are also located in those areas. Two hospitals exist in the county, St. Charles Hospital in Bend and CentralOregon District Hospital in Redmond. The Oregon State Board of Health statesthat a rehabilitation center is needed in Bend but to date nofacility exists.

The following two tables give the ratio of medicalpersonnel to the total population and the existing facilities and percentageof occupancy.

Table 50. Medical Personnel in Deschutes County, 1969

Profess ion Number Ratio 1/

Medical doctors and doctors of osteopathy 42 696 Dentists 20 1,461 Registered nurses 120 244 Liscensed practical nurses 76 384 Pharmacists 25 1,169

1/ Ratio to total populatiom SOURCE: Oregon State Executive Department, Program P1annin Division, District Facts, 1970.

- 46 - Table 51. Licensed Health Care Facilities in Deschutes County, 1972

Name of Facility Capacity Location

Nursing Homes Bachelor Butte Nursing Center 74 Bend Harmony House Nursing Home 18 Bend Redmond Heights Nursing Home 41 Redmond Sunset Nursing Home 53 Bend In-Patient Care Facilities Central Oregon District Hospital 67 Redmond St. Charles Memorial Hospital, Inc 99 Bend Homes for the Aged Bachellor Butte Home for the Aged 14 Bend Harmony House 5 Bend Silver Crest Home for the Aged 16 Redmond Sunset Home for the Aged 19 Bend

SOURCE: Unpublished data from Oregon State Health Division received in a letter on December 2, 1972.

The following three tables show the primary uses of medical facilities in the county. The first gives data on births and deaths in the county; the second gives the race and sex of births in the county and the third gives data on the types and occurrences of a variety of diseases in the county. Table 52. Births and Deaths by Number andRateVDeschutes County and Oregon

County Oregon Item Number Rate Number Rate

Live Births 553 17.5 33,344 15.6 Illegitimate 40 72.3 2,603 71.8 Immature 30 54.2 1,915 57.4 Congenital Malformations 9 16.3 400 12.0

Deaths from all causes 331 10.5 20,087 9.4 Malignant neoplasms 57 108.2 3,608 168.4 Diabetes mellitus 2 6.3 285 13.3 Diseases of the heart 101 319.3 7,492 349.6 Cerebrovascular diseases 46 145.4 2,377 110.9 Arteriosclerosis 7 22.1 455 21.2 Other cardiovascular diseases.. 6 19.0 370 17.3 Influenza and pneumonia 8 25.3 566 26.4 Bronchitis, emphysema, asthma. 13 41.1 577 26.9 Peptic ulcer 3 9.5 92 4.3 Cirrhosis of the liver 2 6.3 338 15.8 Congential anomalies...... 6 19.0 175 8.2 Certain causes of mortality in infants 5. 15.8 314 14.7 All other diseases 31 98.0 1,649 76.9

Accidents 36 113.8 1,314 61.3 Suicides 5 15.8 319 14.9 Homicides 3 9.5 81 3.8 Infant deaths 12 21.7 615 18.4 Neonatal deaths 7 12.7 416 12.5 Fetal deaths 24 43.4 841 25.5 Therapeutic abortions 121 218.8 6,984 209.5

1/ Rates are computed as follows: 1) live births, deaths per 1,000 popula- tion, 2) illegitimate and immature births, congenital malformations, infant, neonatal and fetal deaths per 1,000 live births, 3) selected causes of death and morbidity per 100,000 population, and 4) therapeutic abortions per 1,000 live births. SOURCE: Oregon State Department of Human Resources, Oregon State Health Division, Vital Statistics Annual Report, Vital Statistics Section, 1971. Table 53. Births by Sex and Race, Deschutes County and Oregon

Item County Oregon

Total 553 33,344 Male 289 17,272 Female 264 16,072 White 535 13,850 Black .... 2 654 Indian 10 478 Other non-white 6 354

SOURCE: Oregon State Department of Human Resources, Oregon State Health Division, Vital Statistics Annual Report, Vital Statistics Section, 1971.

Table 54. Reported Cases of Diseases in Deschutes County, 1971

Disease Number

Amebiasis 1 Viral infectious hepatiti.s 12 Influenza 574 Rubeola 50 Mumps 52 Salmonellosis 4 Pertussis 2 Tuberculosis 3 1/ Gonorrhea 52 2/ Rubella 6 1/ This is a rate of 9.5 per 100,000 population 2/ This is a rate of 164.4 per 100,000 population SOURCE: Oregon State Department of Human Resources, Oregon State Health Division, Vital Statistics Annual Report, Vital Statistics Section, 1971. Public Welfare

Table 55. Average Mon-Medical Payments for Public Welfare Cases, 1972

Number of Average Total Category Cases Payment Payments

Old Age Assistance 115 $60.27 $6,931 Aid to the Blind 8 76.13 609 Aid to the Disabled 102 75.19 1,670 Aid to Dependent Children 282 44.61 41,087 General Assistance 25 54.20 1,355 Abundant Foods 2,006

SOURCE: Oregon State Department of Human Resources, Oregon Public Welfare Division, Public Welfare in Oregon, August 1972 edition.

Table56. Total Medical Payments by Type ofService,-1 1972

Service Payment

Physicians $ 8,796 Hospitals 19,341 Out-patient 872 Nursing homes 31,436 Drugs 6,473 Dental 1,434 Visual 223 Transportation 180 Other 538 Total 69,293

1/ Mental Hospital payments not included SOURCE: Oregon State Department of Human Resources, Oregon Public Welfare Division, Public Welfare in Oregon, August 1972 edition

- 50 - Table 57. Medical Payments, Deschutes County, 1972

Category Physicians Hospital Drugs Persons J Average Persons JAveragePersons Average

Old age assistance 35 $ 10.54 14 $ 69.21 156 $ 21.29 Aid to the blind 4 31.12 2 304.81 5 12.80 Aid to the disabled 34 44 59 11 659 76 75 20 61 Aid to dependent children. 215 26.54 26 347.85 156 8.81 General assistance 10 87 22 2 596 23 11 12 87 Family cases 11 18.93 1 268.50 5 5.17 Total 309 28.46 56 345.38 408 15.91

SOURCE: Oregon State Department of Human Resources, Oregon Public Welfare Division, Public Welfare in Oregon, August 1972 edition. I-lousing

Table 58. Housing Characteristics Including Structure, Utilization, and Plumbing, Deschutes County, 1970

Subj ect Total Rural Occupied Farm

All year-round units 11,201 4,727 694 Units in structure 1 8,770 3,492 621 2 261 33 3and4 153 16 5 to 19 646 92 20 or more 163 31 mobile home or trailer 1,208 1,063 73 Year structure built 1960- 70 3,784 2,402 183 1950-59 1,375 606 90 1940-49 1,636 578 91 1939 or before 4,406 1,141 330 Complete bathrooms 1 8,275 3,215 511 1½ 887 383 66 2 or more 1,478 746 66 none or used by another household ...... 543 367 62 Source of water public system or private co 8,357 1,912 74 individual well 1,347 1,339 221 other 1,479 1,460 410 Sewage disposal public sewer 1,234 232 6 septic tank or cesspool 9,611 4,164 638 other 338 315 61 Heating equipment steam or hot water 349 50 11 warmair furnace 3,406 1,261 160 built in electric 2,509 1,265 92 floor, wall, pipeless furnace 670 188 36 room heaters with flue 2,540 712 95 room heaters without flue 566 283 22 fireplaces, stoves, portable heaters 1,113 942 278 none 48 26 - - - All occupied units 10,101 4,074 694

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Housing: 1970 Detailed Housing Characteristics, Final Report HC(1)-B39 Oregon, U S

Government Printing Office, Washington, D C , 1972

- 52 - THE COUNTY'S ECONOMY

Agriculture

Agriculture is an important sector of Deschutes County's economy A total of 503 farms comprised 163,340 acres or8.4 percent of the county's total land area. Livestock and dairy farms are the two most important types of farms, as detailed later.

Table 59. Farm Size and Value, Deschutes County, 1959, 1964 and 1969

Subject 1959 1964 1969

Approximate acres of land area... .. 1,937,280 1,939,200 1,939,712 Proportion in farms 18.5% 13.1% 8.4% Total number of farms 795 775 503 Acres in farms 357,900 253,152 163,340 Average size of farms 450.2 362.6 324.7 Value of land and buildings $43,656,856 Average per farm $28,613 $41,820 $86,792 Average per acre 80.52 128.40 267.27

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Agriculture, 1969, Vol. 1 Area Reports, Part 47, Oregon, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C., 1972.

The next table shows distribution of farm sizes. Approximately 43 percent of the farms are under 50 acres in size, while 34percent are between 50 and 180 acres. The average is about 325 acres, due to the presence of large livestock farms. Between 1959 and 1964, the acreage in farms decreased almost 30 percent, while the number of farms showed only a slight decrease The combination of these facts results in the lower average size of farms in 1964 as compared to 1959..

- 53 - Table 60. Number and Percent of Farms by Size, 1959, 1964 and 1969

1959 1964 196 9 Size I Number Percent INumbe 1Percent NumberPercent

Less than 10 acres 66 8.3 51 6.6 34 6.8 10 to 49 acres 237 29.8 285 36.8 182 36.2 50 to 69 acres 31 3.9 44 5.7 46 9.2 70 to 99 acres 128 16.1 102 13.2 60 11.9 100 to 139 acres 69 8.7 58 7.5 32 6.4 140 to 179 acres 75 9.4 63 8.1 40 8.0 180 to 2l9acres... 31 3.9 28 3.6 20 4.0 220 to 259 acres 23 3.0 17 2.2 14 2.8 260 to 499 acres 53 6.7 64 8.3 38 7.6 500 to 999 acres 38 4.8 26 3.4 16 3.2 1,000 to 1,999 acres 17 2.1 16 2.1 8 1.6 2,000 acres or more 27 3.4 21 2.7 13 2.6 Average size-acres. 450.2 326.6 324.7 SOURCE U S Bureau of the Census, Census of Agriculture 1969, Vol 1 Reports, Part 47 Oregon, U S Government Printing Office, Washington D.C., 1972

The main type of farm in Deschutes County is livestock andlivestock product, followed by dairy Over half of the farms are unclassified as to type.

- 54 - Table 61. Farms by Type, Deschutes County, 1969

Type Number Acres

Cattle and Calves 357 Hogs and Pigs 50 Sheep and Lambs 39 Horses and Ponies 223 Chickens 71 Other Livestock and Poultry 41 So rghums 1 Theat and Other Small Grains 34 296 Hay 314 24,055 Potatoes 35 1,992 Berries 2 2 Other Crops 11 462 Greenhouse Products 1

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Agriculture, 1969, Vol.1 Area Reports, Part 47, Oregon, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1972.

Classification of farms by economic class considers only those class- ified by the U.S. Department of Agriculture as "Commercial Farms". In general, all farms with a total value of products sold amounting to $2,500 or more are classified as commercial. Farms with sales of $50 to $2,499 are classified as commercial if the farm operator was under 65 years of age and (1) he did not work off the farm 100 or more days during the year and (2) the income received by the operator and members of his family from nonfarm sources was less than the value of all farm products sold.

- 55 - Table 62. Farms by Economic Class, Deschutes County, 1959, 1964, 1969

Economic Class 1959 1964 1969

Commercial Farms 439 400 305 Class I (Sales of $40,000 or more) 30 25 29 Class II (Sales of $20,000-$39,999). 26 37 43 Class III (Sales of $l0,000-$19,999) 86 60 57 Class IV (Sales of $5,000-$9,999) 117 96 62 Class V (Sales of $2,500-$4,999) 130 107 86 Class VI (Sales of $50-$2,499) 50 75 28

Other Farms 370 375 198 Part-time 313 305 167 Part-retirement 57 70 29 Abnormal 2

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Agriculture, 1969, Vol.1 Area Reports, Part 47, Oregon, U S Government Printing Office, Washington D.C., 1972

Most of the farmers in the county own their farms. According to census data, in 1969 there were more than 75 percent full owners, about 15 percent were part owners, and the remaining 10 percent were tenants There were no managers in 1964 or 1969.

Table63. Farm Operatorsby Tenure, 1959,1964 and1969,Deschutes County

Tenure 1959 1964 1969

Full Owners 630 623 386 Part Owners 110 96 79 Managers 4 Tenants 51 56 38

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Agriculture, 1969, Vol. Area Reports, Part 47, Oregon, U.S. Government Printing Office,

Washington, D C , 1972

- 56 - Table 64. Farm Operators by Age, Deschutes County, 1964 and 1969

Subj ect 1964 1969

Average Age 50.5 52.4 65 years old and over 112 85 55-64 years 183 142 45-54 years 223 134 35-44 years 181 95 25-34 years 69 39 under 25 years 7 8

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Agriculture, 1969, Vol. 1 Area Reports, Part 47, Oregon, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1972.

Table 65. Farm Operators by Value of Farm Products Sold, 1964 and 1969

Value of Products Sold Farm Operators 1964 1969

Total Number of Operators 775 503 Under $250 130 54 $250-$999 159 102 $1, 000-$1, 999 123 70 $2,000-$4,999 145 $5,000-$9,999 96 $10 ,000-$ 14,999 $15,000-$19,999 I, 277 $20,000-$29,999 !il $30, 000-$ 39, 999 $4o,000-$59,999 $60,000 and over

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Agriculture, 1969; Vol. 1 Area Reports Part 47, Oregon, U SGovernment Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1972.

The agricultural land base for Deschutes County consists of 27,735 acres of harvested cropland (or roughly 17 percent of land in farms), 38,448 acres of pastured cropland (or 23 percent), 9,991acres (5 percent) of woodland pasture, and 86,000 acres (53 percent) of other land.

- 57 - About 16,775 acres of the total rangeland are classified as improved pasture. A total of 37,496 acres (22 percent) are irrigated land in farms.

Table 66. Land in Farms by Use, Deschutes County, 1959, 1964 and 1969

Land in Farms 357,900 253,152 163,340 Cropland harvested 29,875 26,875 27,735 Cropland used only for pasture. 26,745 17,346 38,448 Cropland not harvested and not pastured 8,242 10,742 2,066 Cultivated summer fallow 3,542 4,464 Soil improvement 867 751 Other-failure or idle 3,833 5,527 Woodland pastured 96,396 27,414 9,091 Woodland not pastured 30,184 1,872 Other land 152,507 154,025 86,000 Irrigated land 44,161 44,482 37,469

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Agriculture, 1969, Vol. Reports, Part 47, Oregon, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1972.

- 58 - Logging and Wood Products.

Table 67. Timber Ilarvest by Ownership, DeschutesCounty, 197021

Ownership Production Percent of Total

1,000 bd.ft.

Total Timber Harvest 92,944 100.0 Private 24,420 26.3 Forest Industry 23,874 25.7 Other 546 .6 National Forest 68,524 73.7 1/ Scribner Log Rule SOURCE: Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture,Forest Survey Project, Pacific Northwest Forest and RangeExperiment Station, Portland, Oregon.

Table 68. Log Consumption by Species, Deschutes County, 196821

Species 1968

,000 bd.ft.

All Species 130,472 Douglas fir 2,076 Hemlock 341 True firs . 4,786 Ponderosa Jeffery pine 119,664 White E sugar pine 1,023 Other softwoods 2,582

1/ Scribner log rule SOURCE Oregon State Department of Forestry jointlywith U S Forest Service, Oregon Timber Industries, 1968,Wood Consumption and Mill Characteristics, 1968.

- 59 - Table 69. Production and. Disposition of Residue, All Types by Weight, Deschutes County, 1968

Item All Types Coarse Medium Fine

Total produced 147,169 79,264 31,574 36, 31 Total used 1/ 146,797 79,024 31,574 36,199 Pulp - 75,024 75,024 Board 31,574 --- 31,574 Fuel 40,199 4,000 36,199 Unused 372 --- 132

1/ Used residues were not necessarily consumed in the area in which they were produced SOURCE: Oregon State Department of Forestry jointly with U.S. Forest Service, Oregon Timber Industries, 1968, Wood Consumption and Mill Character- istics, 1968

Table 70 . Origin of Logs Consumed by Ownership Class, 1968

Ownership 1968

All Owners 130,472 National Forest 84,254 Forest Industry Own Lands 42,750 Other Industry 1,724 Farmer and Misc. Private 1,744

1/ Scribner log rule SOURCE: Oregon State Department of Forestry jointly with U.S. Forest Service, Oregon Timber Industries, 1968, Wood Consumption and Mill Characteristics, 1968.

- 60 - Table 71. Installed 8-I-Jour Capacity of Sawmills,Deschutes County, 1968 1/

Mill Capacity 1,000 bd.ft.

Mill size class D 2/ 15 Mill size class C 3/ 70 Mill size class A 4/ 400

Total capacity 485

1/ Scribner log rule 2/ Mill size class D=less than 40,000 bd.ft. capacity per S hour shift 3/ Mill size class C=40,000-79,000 bd.ft. capacity per 8 hour shift 4/ Mill size class A=120,000 bd.ft. capacity per 8 hour shift SOURCE: Oregon State Department of Forestry jointly with U.S. Forest Service, Oregon Timber Industries, 1968, Wood Consumptionand Mill Characteristics, 1968.

Table 72. Log Production, Deschutes County, Various Years

Year Production 1,000 bd.ft.

1955 48,218 1960 76,923 1961 90,113 1965 131,300 1970 92,900

1/ Scribner-log rule SOURCE: Oregon State Board of Forestry and West Coast Lumbermen's Association.

- 61 - Mining - Mineral and Metal Industries

Table 73. Value of Mineral Production, Deschutes County, 1961-65 E 1970

Year Value Minerals Produced in Order of Value

1961 $870,000 Pumice, Sand and Gravel,. Stone 1962 528,000 Pumice, Sand and Gravel 1963 819,000 Pumice, Sand and Gravel 1964 653,000 Pumice, Sand and Gravel 1965 888,000 Pumice, Stone, Sand and Gravel 1970 760,000 Pumice, Stone, Sand and Gravel

SOURCE: Bureau of Business and Economic Research, Oregon Economic Statistics 1972, University of Oregon, 1972.

Manufacturing

Table 74. Manufacturers by Type and Number of Employees, Deschutes County , 1970

Manufacturers Number of Employees

Wood Products Bailey and Company, Ralph A 3 Fox and Company, William L 1 Brooks Willamette Corp 96 Trailer Coaches Beaver Coaches, Inc 40 J E R Canopy E1 Camper, Inc 4 United States Mobile Homes Oregon, Inc 70 Treated Minerals and Earth Bend Aggregate E4 Paving Company 15 Cascade Pumice Company 8 Central Oregon Pumice Company 11 Newspapers Bend Bulletin, Inc., The 27 Redmond Spokesman, Inc., The 15 Miliwork Bend Cabinet and Fixtures 7 Bend Miliwork Corp 150 Cascade Forest Products, Inc 14 Oregon Trail Box Company 95

- 62 - Table 74 cont. Manufacturers by Type and Number of Employees, Deschutes County, 1970

Manufacturers Number of Employees

Oregon Woodwork, Ltd 150 Whittier Moulding Company 110 Ponderosa Mouldings, Inc. 65 Dairy Products Bend Dairy 4 Eberhard Creamery, Inc 22 Kilgores Dairy Company 24 Sawmills and Planing Mills Bend Manufacturing Company 20 Brooks-Scanlon, Inc 400 Lelco, Inc. Inland Precuts, Inc 2 Graves Manufacturing Company 6 F ? F Products 10 Russell Industries 10 Central Oregon Fir Supply Company 20 Boxes and Shook L G Wood Products 15 Boyle Manufacturing Co., K.L. 3 Gray Iron Foundries Mid-Oregon Iron Works, Inc 16 Meat Packing Plants Cinder Butte Packing Co. Myers Packing Co. Games and Toys North Pacific Products Co. Small Arms Ammunition Nosier Bullet Co. Bread and Bakery Products Pioneer Bakery Co. Motorcycles, Bicycles and Parts Powroll Performance Leather Gloves and Mittens Sullivan Glove Co. 17 Men's, Youth, and Boy's Clothing Western Trails, Inc 18 Motor Vehicle Parts and Assesories Barnes Manufacturing Co 5 Prepared Feed for Animals and Fowl Deschutes Fariiiers Coop. 26 Farm Machinery, and Equipment Newhouse Manufacturing Company Animal Marine Fats and Oils Redmond Rendering Company Mechanical Measure and Control Instruments Wagner Electronic Products Ready Mixed Concrete Redmond Ready Mix Bend Redi-Mix, Inc

- 63 - Table 74 cont. Manufacturers by Type and Number of Employees, Deschutes County, 1970

Manufacturers Number of Employees

Miscellaneous Machinery, except electrical Bennett's Machine Shop 1 Oregon Carburetor Company 5 Bates Ayres, Inc 7 Signs and Advertising Displays, Carison Company 7 Wood Household Furniture Carter Wood Products 90 Page Cabinet and Panel Miscellaneous Metal WOrk Central Oregon Machine Rookwood Starting and Training Gates, Inc Bottling Company Coca-cola Bottling Co 17 Pepsi-Cola-7 up Bottling Co 16 Logging Camps and Contractors Couch Logging Mahion I 1 Couch Logging, Robert J 5 Katter Lumber Co 6 Pitts Logging, Gene 1 Sexton Logging Co 5 Van Tassel Logging Co 6 R F4 0 Logging 15 Vandehey, Get. N Hartford Logging, Roy Demaris, Albert J 2 Barclay Logging Co., mc, Harold 100 Pumps, Pumping Equipment Engineered Products Manufacturing Co 4 Commercial Printing, Lithographic Fowler Printing Co Concrete Block and Brick Grimes Pumice Block, Inc

SOURCE: Oregon State Department of Commerce, Economic Development Division, Directory of Oregon Manufacturers, 1970

64 - Outdoor Recreation

Deschutes County contains a large number of variedrecreational resources, consisting of mountain and riverscenery, outstanding geologic features; extensive forests; excellent hunting,and a valuable sport fishery in the high Cascade Mountain lakes and reservoirs State parks and National Forest camps provide picnicking andcamping facilities Deschutes National Forest provides a wide variety of recreationalactivities such as skiing, sightseeing, mountain climbing, boating andfishing. There are also several city parks around the Bendarea that may be used for sightseeing, hiking, and picnicking. The following tables give information aboutU.S. Forest Service and State parks in the Deschutesarea.

Table75. U.S. Forest Service Outdoor Recreation Areas, Deschutes National Forest 1/

Facilities Name of Area Sites and Elev. Tents Trlrs. Picnic Activities 2/-

Allen Springs 2,800 8 4 7 PW,F,H1,R,Sc,St Allingham 2,900 10 -- PW,F,H,Hi,R,Sc,St Beach... . 4,900 5 5 4 PW,B,F,H,L,R,S,Sc Benham Falls 4,100 5 -- BL,X,B,F,H,Sc,St Big River 4,200 5 BL,B,F,H,St Blue Bay 3,400 7 20 --- BL,Ft,PW,B,F,Hi,Sc,L,Ws Browns Creek 4,400 6 -- Well, F,H,St Cabin Lake 4,500 -- 14 -- PW,H Camp Sherman 3,000 3 14 2 CK,PW,F,H,fli,R,S,St China Hat 5,100 -- 14 -- PW,H Cinder Hill 6,370 -- 105 -- BL,FT,PW,B,F,G,L,SC Cold Spring 3,400 5 22 4 H,Hi,Sc Contorta Point 4,850 -- 6 -- B,F,H,L,S,Sc,Ws Cow Camp 4,500 37 -- B,F,H,S Crane Prairie 4,400 32 -- BL,well,B,F,H,S Crescent Creek 4,500 -- 5 -- F,G,H,St Crescent Lake 4,850 -- 50 5 BL,PW,B,F,H1,H,L,R,S, Sc ,Ws Cultus Lake 4,700 12 6 16 BL,well,B,F,H,L,S,Sc,St Cultus Lake Picnic 4,700 -- -- 13 H,L,S,Sc Cultus Lake NUnit 4,700 3 30 H,L,S,Sc,B,F,Ws,BL Deschutes Bridge 4,625 12 -- B,F,St Devils Garden 5,500 8 -- F,G,H,Sc,St Devils Lake 5,500 9 -- -- BL,B,F,H,L,R,Sc Driftwood 6,400 14 -- B,F,H,L,R,Sc East Davis Lake 4,400 -- 17 4 BL,D,well,B,F,H,L,St East Lake 6,370 -- 25 -- BL,PW,B,F,G,L,Nt,Sc

-65 - Table 75, cont. U.S. Forest Service Outdoor Recreation Areas, Deschutes National Forest 1/

Facilities Sites and Name of Area 2 Elev. Tents Trirs. Picnic Activities -

Elk Lake 4,900 13 15 5 BL,PW,B,H,L,F,R,Sc Gorge 2,900 8 -- PW,F,H,Hi,R,Sc,St Hot Springs 6,400 -- 43 5 BL,PW,B,F,G,L,Sc Indian Ford 3,200 8 8 5 GP,well,H,St Jack Lake 5,400 2 -- X,F,H,Hi,L,R Lava Camp Lake 5,200 -- 13 - SH,F,H,Hi,L,Sc Lava Flow 4,400 10 -- BL,well,B,F,H,G,L Lava Lake 4,800 3 35 8 BL,well,B,F,Hi,L,R,S,Sc Link Creek 3,400 -- 32 -- BL,PW,B,Hi,L,Sc,Ws Little Crater 6,330 51 -- BL,well,B,F,Hi,L,Sc Little Cultus 4,800 10 -- BL,B,F,H,L,R,S,Sc Little Deschutes... 4,700 5 Well,F,H,St Little Fawn Picnic. 4,900 -- -- 8 BL,B,F,H,L,R,Sc,S Little Lava Lake 4,800 9 --- -- BL,B,F,H,L,S Lower Bridge 2,800 10 6 2 PW,F,H,Hi,R,Sc,St Mallard Marsh 4,950 2 15 Well,B,F,H,L Meadow 4,000 13 -- -- F,H,St Mile 4,690 5 - B,F,L,St Monty 2,080 -- 33 FT,PW,B,F,G,H,Sc,St North Davis Creek 4,400 17 4 BL,B,F,H,St North TwinLake 4,305 6 -- -- BL,B,F,H,L,S North Wickiup 4,400 25 76 17 BL,wells,B,F,H,S Odell Creek 4,800 20 5 BL,well,B,F,H,Hi,L,R, Sc,St Odell Picnic Grnci.. 4,800 -- 2 Sc,1I Paulina Cr. Obs.Pt 6,320 5 PW,G,Sc,St Paulina Lake 6,300 64 5 BL,PW,Ft,B,F,G,Hi,L,S,Sc Pebble Bay 4,800 2 -- -- B,F,H,L,S,Sc Perry South 2,000 4 65 7 BL,FT,PW,B,F,H,L,S,G, Sc,Ws Pine Rest 2,900 11 -- 2 CK,GP,PW,FT,F,}i,Hi,R, Sc,St Pioneer Ford 2,800 2 18 2 CK,GP,PW,F,H,Hi,R,Sc,St Point 4,900 6 5 4 BL,PW,B,F,H,L,R,Sc Prairie 4,400 14 Well,F,H Princess Creek 4,800 48 6 BL,D,G,P,PW,B,F,H,Hi, L,Sc Pringle Falls 4,300 4 -- F,H,St Quinn River 4,400 40 --- BL,PW,B,F,H,St,L Rainbow 6,400 3 -- -- B,F,H,L,R Reservoir 4,400 -- 12 BL,B,F,H River 4,300 4 -- -- B,F,H,St Riverside 3,000 -- 6 -- F,H,Hi,R,Sc,St Rock Creek 4,400 32 -- Well,B,F,H Rosland 4,200 -- 9 1 GP,well,F,H,Ht,Sc,St

- 66 - Table75,cont. U.S. Forest Service Outdoor Recreation Areas, Deschutes National Forest 1/

Facilities Name of Area Sites and 2 Elev. Tents Trlrs. Picnic Activities -

Round Lake 4,200 3 BL,X,F,H,Hi Satan Creek 5,400 2 F,H,Hi,L,Sc Scout Lake 3,700 16 26 PW,FT,H,Hi,L,S ,Sc Sheep Bridge 4,400 15 BL,well,B,F,H Simax Bay 4,850 6 14 D,PW,B,F,H,L,R,S ,Sc,Ws Simax Beach 4,850 6 4 B ,F ,H ,L, R, S , Sc ,Ws Smiling River 2,900 -- 22 PW,F,H,Hi,R,Sc,St Soda Creek 5,400 2 B,F,H,Hi,L,Sc South 4,950 11 13 BL,B ,F,L,Sc South Shore 3,400 4 37 BL,PW,B,F,Hi,L,Sc,Ws South Twin Lake 4,300 -- 56 PW,BL,B,F,H,L,S Spring 4,850 2 35 BL,D,well,B,F,H,Hi,Ht, L,R,S,Sc,Ws Street Creek 1,980 BL,B,F,H,L,Ws Summit Lake 5,600 3 BL,B,F,H,Hi,R,Sc Sunset Cove 4,800 30 10 BL,D,well,F,B,H,Hi,L,Sc Sunset Picnic Grnd 4,900 13 PW ,F , H, L, S , Sc Suttle Lk. Picnic 3,400 27 BL,CK,FT,GP,PW,B,F,Hi, Pg , S , Sc ,Ws Suttle Lake Ski 3,400 BL,PW,B,F,Hi,L,Sc,Ws Tandy Bay 4,850 16 B,X,F,H,H± ,L,R,S ,Sc,Ws Three Creek Lake. 6,400 2 8 BL , B ,F ,I-I, R, S , Sc Todd Lake 6,200 15 5 PW,B,F,H,L,R,S,Sc Tranquil Cove 4,850 10 B,F,H,L,R,S,Sc,Ws Trapper Creek 4,800 33 BL,PW,D,B,Bp ,F,H,Hi,L, R, Sc Tumalo Falls 5,000 4 H ,Hi, Sc , St West Cultus Lake 4,700 12 BL,PW,F,Hi,Sc,Ws West Davis Lake 4,400 - 20 BL,D,well,B,F,H,L West Indian Ford. 3,240 9 7 H,Hi, Sc, St Wyeth 4,400 3 -- B , F , H, St 1/ Not all of the Deschutes National Forestis inDeschutes County. 2/ Facilities and Activities: BL-boat launching B-boating Mc-mountain climbing CK-community kitchen Bp-berry picking Nt-nature trail D-dock F-fishing Pg-playground FT-flush toilet C-geologic R-riding GP-group picnic H-hunting S - swimming PW-piped water Hi-hiking Sc-scenery Well-well with hand pump Ht-historical Sd-sand dunes X-no trlrs. because of L-lake S t- s t ream rough, narrow access Ws-water sports V-viewpoint road SOURCE: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, National Forest Campground Directory.

-67 - Table76. State Parks and Recreation Areas, Deschutes County,1972

Sites DrinkingStoves,1 Boat Name of Area TentITrirIPicnic Water Toilets-Ramp Activities-

Indian Ford 17 15 5 yes W,P no G,P,T,S,V Peter Skene Ogden. 4 yes F no G,H,V Smith Rock 10 yes E,P no T,F,G,S,V Dee Wright Memorial no P no T,G,R,N,R,V Cold Spring 22 4 no W,P no T,S,v Sisters -- 13 yes W,P no S,V Cline Falls -- 36 yes WE,F no GP , F, S , Sw Lava Camp Lake ** 13 no W,P no T,F,L,V Tumal o 68 20 95 yes WE,F no GC,GP,PA,Th, UB ,F, S , V, Sw Tumalo -- 6 P no F,S Robert W. Sawyer -- -- .20 yes WE,F no T,F,S Pilot Butte -- -- no -- no V,G Meadow 13 -- -- W,P no F,S Three Creek Lake. 5 12 -- -- W,P yes F,L,S,V Todd Lake 15 5 6 yes W,P no F , L , V, Sw Sparks Lake Area. 19 2 W,P yes F,G,L,S ,V Elk Lake 37 53 34 yes W,P yes F , L, S , V, Sw Cultus Lake 25 36 16 yes W,P yes F , L, S , V, Sw Lava Lakes 29 35 8 yes W,P yes T , F, G , L , V, Sw Lava Butte Info -- yes P no N,T,G,N,R,V Lava River Caves -- -- 10 -- P no T,G Big River 5 -- -- W,P yes F,S Limb erlo st 12 -- 3 W,P no F,S China Hat ** 14 yes W,P no S. Lapine -- 8 yes P no Twin Lakes 6 56 -- yes W,P yes F , L, Sw Wickiup Reservoir 6 56 yes W,P yes F , L, Sw Waldo Lake 121 86 yes W,F yes T,DS,F,L,Sw,V Craine Prairie Res 69 72 -- yes W,P yes F,L,S

LaPine 50 95 . 25 yes W,F no F,S,N,V,Sw,BH UB,Th,Ds East Lake ** 173 5 yes. W,F yes T,F,G,L,V

tents and trailers permitted atthese sites. W-wood stove, E-electric stove,P-pit toilet, F-flush toilet B H-bathhouse F-fishing GC-group camp G-geology GP-group picnic H-his tory DS-trailer dumping station L-S--Lake, stream M-museum N-nature study Th-theatre R-rockhounding T-trails V-scenic views UB-utility building Sw-swimming SOURCE: Oregon State Highway Division,Travel InformationSection,1972Oregon Parks, Salem, Oregon97310.

-68 - Table 77. State Parks Statistics, Deschutes County, 1968 and1972

Overnight Day Visitors Name of Park Acres Camper Nights 1971-721 Total Revenue 1967-68I 1967-68 f 1971-72

LaPine 1,952.12 2,480 27,599 7,368 85,380 $ 20,289 Sisters 41.38 654 -- -- 85 Tumalo 320.18 34,300 35,074 117,092 133,180 21,863 Pilot Butte 100.74 103,416 122,302 Peter Skene Ogden 45.96 185,560 249,852 Lava River Caves. 22.5 44,904 72,302 Cline Falls 9.04 77,540 87,232 Robt. W. Sawyer 41.04 31,036 38,284 7.70

SOURCE: Material received from the State Highway Department, November21, 1972.

Hunting is a major recreational activity which attractsmany tourists to the county each year Hunted animals include deer, elk, antelope and many small game birds, furbearers and waterfowl. Tables showing herd composition, hunters, and harvest, where availableare included on page 24 in the section on wildlife.

- 69 - Business

Table 78. Market Data Information, Deschutes County, 1967

Item Numbers

Population, County 31,700 Population, Bend 14,120 Households 10,610 Consumer Spendable Income $97,448,000 Consumer Spendable Income/Family $ 9,185 Total Retail Sales $69,210,000 Food Sales $13,125,000 Drug Sales $ 2,611,000 General Merchandise $ 2,432,000 Apparel $ 2,854,000 Home Furnishings $ 1,495,000 Automotive $17,183,000 Service Stations $ 5,145,000 Farm Population 1,800 Gross Farm Income $ 8,711,000

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Business, 1967 Retail Trade Oregon, BC67-RA39, U S Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 1969.

- 70 - Table 79. Retail Trade Establishments, Deschutes County, 1967

Bend Redmond County Total I tern Number Sales Number Sales Number Sales J 1,000 $ 1,000 $ 1,000 $

All Establishments 219 34,274 94 14,834 376 53,275 Establishments with Payroll 173 33,292 70 14,188 274 50,961 Building Materials, Hardware, Farm Equipment 15 1,816 10 1,866 31 4,247 General Merchandise 7 835 6 D 15 1,882 Food Stores 22 7,699 9 3,042 37 11,405 Automotive Dealers 23 8,709 12 D 39 12,370 Gas Service Stations 33 3,394 12 776 60 5,000 Apparel-Accessory Stores 11 2,299 4 406 15 2,705 Furniture, Homefurnishings 14 1,288 4 D 19 1,554 Eating-Drinking Places 40 2,660 16 905 67 3,899 Drug Proprietary Stores. 8 D 2 D 10 2,289 Misc. Retail Stores 37 2,734 13 3,270 64 6,514 Non-Store Retailers 9 D 6 D 19 1,410

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Business, 1967 Retail Trade: Oregon, BC67-RA39, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1969. - withheld to avoid disclosure.

Table 80. Number of Selected Services, Receipts and Payroll, Deschutes County

Area All Establishments Establishments With Payroll Number Receipts Number I ReceiptstAnnualPayroll 1,000 1,000 1,000

Deschutes Co 238 4,956 106 4,142 849 Bend 140 2,905 64 2,497 524 Redmond 58 965 24 741 172 Remainder of Co 40 1,086 18 904 153 SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Business, 1967 Selected Services, Oregon, BC67-SA39, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1969.

- 71 - Table 81. Wholesale Trade Establishments and Sales, Deschutes County, 1967

Remainder of Bend County Total Item County

Number of Establishments 44 26 70 Sales (1,000) $ 22,495 $ 15,195 $ 37,690 Payroll for Year(1,000) $ 842 $ 791 $ 1,633 Merchants Establishments 30 10 40 Sales (1,000) $ 16,537 $ 4,632 $ 21,169 Other Establishments 14 16 30 Sales (1,000) $ 5,958 $ 10,563 $ 16,521 SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Business, 1967 Wholesale Trade: Oregon, BC67-WA39, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1969.

PUBLIC SERVICE

Transportation

Three inaj or transcontinental highways provide a means for transportation to and from Deschutes County. Passing through Bend and Rediiiond, U.S. Highway 97 parallels the Cascade Range in the east. It is a fast truck and automobile route between California and Eastern Oregon and Washington. U.S. Highway 20 is the major east-west route in the area, linking Bend to the Willamette Valley at Albany or Salem in the west and to the Boise area in the east. In the Boise area, Highway 20 connects to Interstate 80, the major route to the Mid- West and East Coast U S Highway 126, which passes through Redmond and Sisters, provides another link between Eastern Oregon and Eugene-Springfield

The only scheduled interstate carrier is Trans-Western Express, which has headquarters in Portland. There are numerous irregular carriers who operate in the Central Oregon area, such as Consolidated Freightways, Mitchell Brothers, Widing, etc Trans-Western offers service from Bend up and down the coast and transcontinental through connecting carriers

There are three airports serving the Deschutes County area The Bend Redmond Airport (Roberts Field) has four 7,200 feet runways,only one of which is illuminated. Hughes Air West and Intermountain Westhave scheduled flights daily. There is an FFA communication system and airexpress service at the airport. Limosines, taxis and rent-acars are also available. The Bend MuniLipal Airport which lies 5 5 miles northeast of Bendhas one illuminated 4,000 foot runway with a 900 foot overrun. Radiois on 137 radial.

72.- Three railroads, the liurliiigton Northern, Spokane,Portland and Seattle, and and Union Pacific provide service to the Deschutes County area. Union Pacific runs one train each day except Sunday between The Dalles and Bend.

Pacific Trailways serves the Deschutes County area from headquarters in Bend. Departure times and destinations are as follows:

From Bend To 5:45 am, 9:20 am, 12:45 pm, 4:20 pm Portland - Seattle 4:30 pm, 10:45 pm Boise-Salt Lake beyond 11:15 am, 6:40 pm Kiamath Falls-California-Reno 9:20 am, 6:45 pm The Dalles-Spokane-etc. 6:00 am Eugene-Albany-Corvallis-Salem 6:00 am, 4:10 pm Eugene-Roseburg-Grants Pass

Table 82. Oregon Motor Vehicle Registration, Deschutes County, 1970

Vehicle Number

Passenger vehicles 20,258 Buses 63 Trucks 1,348 Trailers 1,962 Motorcycles 792 Recreational 1/ 2,320

Total vehicles 26,743

1/ Includes campers and travel trailers SOURCE: Bureau of Business and Economic Research, Oregon Economic Statistics 1972, University of Oregon, 1972.

Communication

In addition to the three radio stations and twonewspapers in Deschutes County there are television channels available through T.V. communitycable system. There is also an educational and weather channel, KOAC, available as well as local programming on Bend T.V.-10.

73 - Table 83. Newspapers Published in Deschutes County, 1966

City Name Publication Days Established

Bend Bulletin Daily, exc. Sunday 1903 Redmond Spokesman Thursday 1910 SOURCE: Carl Webb, Oregon Newspaper Publishers Association, unpublished data.

Table 84. Commercial Radio Stations, Deschutes County,1966

Network Location Established Frequency Power Affiliations

Bend KBND 1938 1110 5000 W days ABC KGRL 1959 940 1000 W JND

Redmond KPRB 1952 1240 1000 W JND SOURCE: Oregon Association of Broadcasters, Directory of Radio and Television Stations for the State of Oregon, 1972.

Table85. Communication Equipment inHouseholds,1970

Facilities Total Rural Occupied Rural Farm

Telephone: yes 8,742 3,453 619 no 1,359 621 75 Television: 1 8,301 3,168 537 2 or more; 1,342 438 66 none 564 273 55 UHF equipped 6,699 2,819 465 non-UHF equipped 2,944 787 138 Batterrperated radio: yes 7,653 2,948 481 no 2,554 931 177 SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Housing: 1970 Detailed Housing Characteristics, Final Report HC(1).-B39 Oregon, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1972.

74 - Library Facilities

There are three public libraries in DeschutesCounty, excluding the library at Central Oregon College, which islocated in Bend. The libraries are located in the three largest towns in the county; Bend, Redmond, and Sisters. The following table gives information aboutpublic support of libraries and circulation.

Table 86. Library Support and Use in Deschutes County, 1969-70

Item Amount

Value of Taxable Property $319,255,271 Population 33,800 Local Funds City $17 ,934 County $68,868 Total Expenditures $98,814 Volumes 70,222 Circulation 218,221

SOURCE: Oregon State Library, Directory of Oregon Libraries,annual statistics for the year ending June 30, 1970.

Utilities

Table 87. Housing Units by Water Supply and Sewage Disposal, 1970

Subj ect Number Percent

Water source Public system or private company 8,357 74.6 Individual well 1,347 12.0 Other or none 1,479 13.2

Sewage disposal Public sewer 1,234 11.0 Septic tank or cesspool 9,611 85.8 Other or none 338 3.0

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Housing: 1970 Detailed Housing Characteristics, Final Report HC(l)- B39 Oregon, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.,1972.

- 75 - Table 88. Types of Fuel and Fuel Usage by Number of Housing Units, Deschutes County, 1970

Type of Fuels House Water Cooking Heating Fuel Heating Fuel Fuel

Utility gas 2,520 1,438 1,188 Fuel oil, kerosene, etc 3,654 66 7,904 Coal or coke 59 667 Wood 770 142 68 Electricity 2,512 7,990 Bottled, tank, or LP gas 673 433 350 Other fuel 19 None 138 30

All housing units 10,207 10,207 10,207

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Housing: 1970 Detailed Housing Characteristics, Final Report HC(l) - B39 Oregon, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1972.

Table 89. Municipal Water Systems, Deschutes County, 1972

Population Source o City 1972 Supply Problems with Supply

B end 14,530 Tumalo Creek Irrigation restricted Redmond 3,920 Deschutes River Occasional algae Sisters 635 Squaw Creek None (Has applied for FHA funds to enlarge and improve facilities)

SOURCE: Bureau of Municipal Research and Service, University of Oregon.

Table 90. Municipal Water Systems by Volume, Deschutes County

Use per City Number of Maximum Minimum Total Fiscal Customer Connections Month Month Year 1963-64 Per Year thousands of gallons Bend 4,387 243,813 56,337 1,545,644 352 Redmond 1,281 90,030 21,976 543,389 424 Sisters 252 (Unmetered SOURCE: Bureau of Municipal Research and Service, University of Oregon.

- 76 - PUBLIC FINANCE

Table91. Summary of Assessment Rolls for1971-72Fiscal Year Real Property, Personal Property and Utilities, Deschutes County

Assessed Percent of Item Value Total

Class

Real Property Lands inside corporate limits $24,782,770 7.80 Lands outside corporate limits 81,615,725 25.56 Improvements inside corporate limits 75,310,335 23.59 Improvements outside corporate limits 71,918,405 22.53 Timber (excludes land) Less veterans' exemptions (-3,209 ,830) (-1.01) Less senior citizens residence exemptions (-1,572,625) (- .49) Taxable real property .248,844,7 80 77.95

Personal property Merchandise and stock in trade 14,198,382 4.45 Furniture fixtures and equipment 2,084,019 .65 Farm machinery and equipment 1,978,092 .62 Other machinery and equipment 8,809,379 2.76 Livestock 2,249,996 .70 Mis cellaneous 861,545 .27 Less veterans' exemptions (-85,693) (- .03) Less senior citizens residence exemptions (-32,932) (- .01) Taxable personal property 30,062,788 9.42 Total taxable real and personal property 278,907,568 87.37

Utilities Airline companies 31,900 .01 Electric companies 12,457,572 3.9 Express companies Gas companies 12,455,247 3.9 Heating companies Pipeline companies Railroad companies 5,112,195 1.6 Tank and private car companies 409,856 .13 Telegraph companies 9,200 Telephone companies 9,190,033 2.88 Water companies 681,700 .21 Water transportation companies Taxable utility property 40,347,703 12.64

Total taxable real, personal and utility property 319,255,271 100.01

SOURCE: Oregon State Department of Revenue, Summary of Assessment and Tax Rolls for the1971-72Fiscal Year and1969-70and1970-71Property Tax Collections,1972.

-77 - Table92. Summary of1971-72Property Tax Levies and Assessments,, Deschutes County

Item Amount in Dollars

Levies

County $ 683,434 Cities 770,410 Community colleges 471,665 Elementary and Secondary School Districts Intermediate county 904,828 Education joint Elementary and unified 5,162,640 Union high 15,793 County unit Total school districts 6,083,261 Special Districts Cemetery Fire protection 135,850 Hospital 86,737 Park and recreation Port Road Sanitary Water supply Other Total special districts 222,587 Total Gross Ad Valorem Levies 8,231,357 Special Assessments Fire patrol 28,089 Forest fee 816 Diking and drainage Irrigation 7,304 Lighting Other Total special assessments 16,491 Total Gross Levies and Assessments 2,994,969 Less Property Relief Money Senior citizens (-44,747) Game commission Total Net Ad Valorem Levies 8486,610 Net Ad Valorem Taxes by Class Real property 6,410,094 Personal property 802,674 Utility property 973,843

SOURCE: Oregon State Department of Revenue, Summary of Assessment and Tax Rolls for the1971-72Fiscal Year and1969-70and1970-71Property Tax Collections,1972. Table 93. City Valuation, Tax Rates and Taxes Extended in Deschutes County

Item Bend Redmond Sisters f

Population 14,134 3,800 600 Code Area 1/ 1-1 2-1 6-1 Assessed Value $92,125,533 $31,765,855 $2,199,707 Assigned Ratio 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% Rate/$l,000 by levying unit County 2.13 2.13 2.13 City 6.59 4.85 4.20 School 20.42 21.56 18.06 Other .00 1.23 .00 Total 29.14 29.77 24.39 City Tax $607,107 $154,064 $9,239 Consolidated Tax $2,684,538 $945,670 $53,651

1/ Code areas are assessors' divisions which cover all or part of a city. SOURCE: Oregon State Department of Revenue, Summary of Assessment and Tax Rolls for the 1971-72 Fiscal Year and 1969-70 and 1970-71 Property Tax Collections, 1972.

Table 94. Per Capita City Taxes and Valuation Percentage Distribution of Consolidated Rates and Dollars Per Thousand Rates on True Cash Value in Deschutes County

I tern Bend Redmond Sisters

True Cash Value (T.C.V.). $92,125,533 $31,765,855 $2,199,707 Per Capita True Cash Value 6,518 8,359 3,666 Per Capita Tax City 43 41 15 Consolidated 190 249 89 Percentage of Total Levy County 7.3 7.2 8.7 City 22.6 16.3 17.2 School 70.1 72.4 74.0 Other 0 4.1 0 Average Rate/$TCV Basis County 2.13 2.13 2.13 City 6.59 4.85 4.20 School 20.42 21.56 18.06 Other .00 1.23 .00 Total 29.14 29.77 24.39

SOURCE: Oregon State Department of Revenue, Summary of Assessment and Tax Rolls for the 1971-72 Fiscal Year and 1969-70 and 1970-71 Property Tax Collections, 1972.

- 79 - Table 95. Deschutcs County Receipts, 1969

Revenue Source Amount in Dollars

State Government Liquor. $ 42,717 Highway. 323,849 Gas Tax Refund 4,113 Vocational Rehabilitation 38,699 Electric Co-op Tax 6,317 County Fair Apportionment 21,317 Cigarette Tax 42,799 Surplus Foods Program 7,317 Mental Health Grants 12,414 Miscellaneous and other 15,687 Total 515,229

Federal Government National Forest Receipts $389,220 Taylor Grazing Receipts 1,241 5% Land Sales 3,172 Health Department 29,523 Civil Defense Disaster Grants 11,590 Miscellaneous and other 35 Total 434,781

Local Sources Health Department Fees $ 6,038 Fees and Permits 45,678 Fines, Court Costs 46,911 Mental Health Clinics 2,542 Law and Public Libraries 5,841 Interest Income .... 41,038 Sales, Rental of Public Property 64,904 Receipts from other local government 42,890 Total 962,360

SOURCE: Bureau of Governmental Research and Service, Revenue Sources of Oregon Counties, Fiscal Year 1968-1969, InformationBulletin No. 162, School of Community Service and Public Affairs, University of Oregon

- 80 - Table96. Amount and Percent of Unpaid Property Tax, Deschutes County,1971

Total Amount Percent I tern Amount Un eaid of Unsaid

Property Taxable Real $5,829,845 $ 996,650 17.1 Personal 768,153 134,031 17.4 Public Utilities 861,588 19,735 2.3

Western Oregon additional timber tax Yield tax Total $7,459,586 $1,150,416 15.4

SOURCE: Oregon State Department of Revenue, Summary of Assessment and Tax Rolls for the1971-72Fiscal Year and1969-70and1970-71Property Tax Collections,1972. Selected List of Agencies

The following list gives names and addresses of agencies that have

served as data sources for this publication and may provide further or more

current data on subjects of interest.

In addition, a number of local and county offices are available to offer

local information and assistance, including:

Agriculture Stabilization and Conservation Assessor City Library Corrections and Parole County Engineer County Extension County Surveyor Employment Division Game Commission Health Department Public Welfare Soil Conservation Service

Bureau of Business and Economic Research, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403

Center for Population Research and Census, Portland State University, 724 S.W. Harrison, Portland, Oregon 97201

Children Services Division, Oregon State Department of Human Resources, Public Services Building, Salem, Oreogn 97310

Department of Environmental Quality, 1234 S.W. Morrison, Portland, Oregon 97204

Economic Research Service, U.S.D.A. Extension Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oreogn 97331

6 Extension Service, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331

7 Fish Commission of Oregon, 1400 S W 5th St, Portland, Oregon 97201

8 4-H Youth Office, Extension Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331

Forest Service, U.S.D.A., 319 S.W. Pine St., Portland, Oregon 97204

Governor's Office, Economic Development Special Projects, State Capitol Building, Salem, Oregon 97310

- 82 - Local Government Relations Division, Oregon Executive Department, 240 Cottage SE., Salem, Oregon 97310

Oregon Association of Broadcasters, Allen Hall, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403

Oregon Board of Higher Education, School Finance and Statistical

Services, 942 Lancaster Dr N E , Salem, Oregon 97310

14 Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries, 1400 S W5th St Portland, Oregon 97201

Oregon Educational Coordinating Council, 4263 Commercial S.E., Salem, Oregon 97310

Oregon State Department of Revenue, State Office Building, Salem, Oregon 9 7310

Oregon State Employment Division, Community Manpower, Research and Statistics, or Rural Manpower sections, Lab and md Building, Salem, Oregon 97310

Oregon State Game Commission, 1634 Alder, Portland, Oregon 97214

Oregon State Health Division, Department of Human Resources, 1400 S.W. 5th, Portland, Oregon 97201

Oregon State Highway Division, State Parks and Recreation Section, 8009 E. Burnside, Portland, Oregon 97215

Oregon State Lands Division, 502 Winter N.E., Salem, Oregon 97310

Oregon State Library, State Library Building, Salem, Oregon 97310

Oregon State Public Welfare Division, Department of Human Resources, Public Services Building, Salem, Oregon 97310

Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, U.S. Forest Service, 809 N.E. 6th St., Portland, Oregon 97232

Secretary of State's Office, State Capitol Building, Salem, Oregon 97310

Soil Conservation Service, U.S.D.A., 1218 S.W. Washington, Portland, Oregon 97205

State Water Resources Board, 1158 Chemeketa N.E., Salem, Oregon 97310

28 U S Department of Commerce, 921 S W Washington, Portland, Oregon 97204 (for copies of U.S. Census publications) Selected Bibliography

Bureau of Business and Economic Research, Oregon EconomicStatistics 1972, University of Oregon,1972.

Carolan, W.B., Jr., Federal Land Oregon, Oregon State University,1963. Center for Population Research and Census, PopulationEstimates of Counties and Incorporated Cities of Oregon, Portland State University,July 1972. 4 Office of the Governor, Planning Division, Health Facts,1969. Oregon Association of Broadcasters, Directory of Radioand Television Stations for the State ofOregon, 1972.

Oregon Board of Higher Education, 1969 School Directoryand 1971-72 Oregon School-Community College Directory,School Finance and Statistical Services.

Oregon Conservation Needs Committee, Oregon Soil and WaterConservation Needs Inventory, U.S. SoilConservation Service, 1971.

Oregon Department of Planning and Development, Resourcesfor Development, 1964.

Oregon Educational Coordinating Council, Past Secondary Enrollmentin Oregon, 1972.

Oregon State Board of Census, Components of PopulationGrowth, Population Bulletin P-3, 1961.

Oregon State Board of Health, Oregon Plan forConstruction and Modern- ization of Hospitals, Public Health Centers and MedicalFacilities, 1971 Annual Revision, Health Facility Planning andConstruction Section, 1971. Oregon State Department of Commerce, Economic DevelopmentDivision, Directory of Oregon Manufacturers- 1970.

Oregon State Department of Employment, 1965 Oregon Farm LaborReport, 1966. Oregon State Department of Environmental Quality,Water Quality Control In Oregon, Oregon SanitaryAuthority, 1970.

Oregon State Department of Forestry jointly withU.S. Forest Service, Oregon Timber Industries, 1968, Wood Consumption andMill Characteristics, 1968.

Oregon State Department of Human Resources, ChildrenServices Division, Adolescent Population and Commitment Data by County, byCalendar Year 1967-1970.

- 84 - Oregon State Department of Human Resources, Employment Division, Labor Force and Employment in Oregon by County 1968 through 1971 publications, Research and Statistics Section.

Oregon State Department of Human Resources, Employment Division, 1971 Annual Rural Manpower Report, 1972.

Oregon State Department of Human Resources, Employment Division, Oregon. Covered Employment and Payrolls, 1970 and 1971, Summary Data, Research and Statistics Section, 1971, 1972.

Oregon State Department of Human Resources, Oregon Public Welfare Division, Public Welfare in Oregon, October 1970, December 1970, May 1972, and August 1972 editions.

Oregon State Department of Human Resources, Oregon State Health Division, Implementation and Enforcement Plan for the Public Waters of the State. of Oregon, Oregon Sanitary Authority, 1967.

Oregon State Department of Human Resources, Oregon State Health Division, Vital Statistics Annual Report, Vital Statistics Section, 1971.

Oregon State Department of Revenue, First Biennial Report 1968-70.

Oregon State Department of Revenue, Summary of Assessment and Tax Rolls for the 1971-72 Fiscal Year and 1969-70 and 1970-71 Property Tax Collections, 1972.

Oregon State Department of Transportation, State Highway Division, "Day Visitor Attendance", State Parks and Recreation Section, 1972..

Oregon State Department of Transportation, State Highway Division, "Over- night Camping by the Public", State Parks and Recreation Section, 1972.

Oregon State Department of Transportation, State Highway Division, "The State Park Visitor in Oregon", State Parks and Recreation Division.

Oregon State Executive Department, Clay Meyers, Secretary of State, Oregon Blue Book, 1971-72, January 1971.

Oregon State Executive Department, Local Government Relations Division, District Facts, 1970.

Oregon State Fisheries Commission, 1968 and 1971 Annual Reports

Oregon State Game Commission, 1968 and 1971 Annual Report, Oregon State Game Commission.

Oregon State Game Commission, "Oregon State Game Commission Bulletin", May 1972.

Oregon State Lands Division, Inventory of State-Owned Real Property, By County, 1970. Oregon State Library, Directory of Oregon Libraries, annuai statistics for the year ending June 30, 1970.

Oregon State University Extension Service, Agriculture in Oregon Counties- Farm Sales and General Characteristics, Special Report 330, Oregon State University, 1971.

Oregon State University Extension Service, Income and Poverty Data for Racial Groups: A Compilation for Oregon Census County Divisions, Special Report 367, Oregon State University, 1972.

Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1968.

State Water Resources Board, River Basin Reports.

State Water Resources Board, U.S.D.A. River Basin Reports on Water and Related Land Resources, 1962.

U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Agriculture, 1969, Vol. 1 Area ReRort, Part 47, Oregon, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1972.

U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Business, 1967 Retail Trade: Oregon, BC 67 - RA 39, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1969.

U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Business, 1967 Wholesale Trade: Oregon, BC 67 - WA 39, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1969.

U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Governments, 1967, Vol. 4, No. 5: Compendium of Government Finances, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1969.

U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Governments, 1967, Vol. 3, No. 2: Compendium of Public Employment, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1969.

U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Housing: 1970 Detailed Housing Characteristics, Final Report HC(l) - B39 Oregon, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1972.

US. Bureau of the Census, Census of Manufacturers, 1967, Area Services: Oregon, MC 67(3) - 38, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1970.

U.S. Bureau of the Census, U.S. Census of Population, General Demographic Trends for Metropolitan Areas, 1960 to 1970, Final Report PHC (2) - 39, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.D., 1971.

U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Population: 1970 General Population Characteristics, Final Report PC(l) - B39 Oregon, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1971.

- 86 - U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Population: 1970 General Social and Economic Characteristics, Final Report PC(l)- C39 Oregon, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D C , 1972

U.S.D.A. and Oregon State University Extension Servicecooperating, "Oregon Commodity Data Sheets", Oregon StateUniversity, 1971-72. 51 U S Department of Commerce, WeatherBureau, Decennial Census of U S Climate, Supplement for 1951 through 1960, Oregon No. 86-31,1965. U.S. Forest Service, Forest statistics publications for variousOregon regions, Resource Bulletin PNW-24,Pacific Northwest Experiment Station U.S. Forest Service, "1970 Timber Harvest", U.S.D.A.Forest Service Resource Bulletin PNW-38, Pacific Northwest Forest andRange Experiment Station, 1971.

54 U S Soil Conservation Service,Soil Survey Reports

55 U 5 Department of Commerce, NationalOceanic and Atmospheric Adminis- tration, Environmental DataService, Climatological Data,Annual Summary 1971, Vol. 77, No. 13.

- 87 - I

OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION fl SERVICE

Extension Service, Oregon Stat.IinPiemity CorvaUls, Josepl H. Cox, director This pnre and distributed hi furtherance of the Acts of Congreec of May 8 and June O, 1914. Extension work I.. coopsra$ve program ci Oregon State University, thoU. S. Deportment ci Agricuftixe, and Oregon cowdies.