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Home , Akhirah, Scrolls of Abraham, Sunni Islam, Zabur

Year GCSE Workbook

Islam: , peace and conflict.

Unit 1: Muslim beliefs RE GCSE Workbook GCSE RE Direct Important because: 4. Risalah (prophet) message of - Tells humans all they need to know about revealed God, religion and how to live their lives believe that created humans to look after the Muslim beliefs earth for him (Khalifah or vicegerents) and humans need

Quran to the Prophet - For Muslims the Qur’an contains only the . literal unchanged words of Allah prophets to know how to do this. Teachings of Important because: 2. The five roots in Shi’a (Usul as-din) Prophets were all ordinary human beings; what made them the Prophet - Muhammad was the final prophet and so his different as that they were chosen to receive Allah’s messages. Muhammad words must be important These are five roots of which are the basis of Shi’a faith. There are many prophets but the main prophets in Islam are: - The best person to interpret the Qur’an must be Muhammad - in the oneness of God () - was the first prophet of Islam. Adam and his wife, - Belief in Allah’s justice (Adalat) Hawwa (Eva) at the in the Garden of Eden. Allah placed Adam and Hawwa on earth to life and Allah The footsteps Important because: - Beliefs in Allah’s prophets from Adam to Muhammad (Nubuwwah) Adam forgave them. of the - The practices, customs and of the - Belief in the successors of Muhammad (imamah) and belief that chosen descendants of the Prophet - Adam built a House of Allah (Ka’aba) in thanks for his Prophets Prophet Muhammad are considered to be a Muhammad were given special powers by Allah forgiveness.

Sunnah perfect example for a Muslim to follow. - Belief in the Day of Judgement - and his wife had no children in old age but then Allah granted him two sons, Isma’il and Ishaq. The Usul as-din are important because: - had a vision that told him to his son, as he 1. Six beliefs of Islam (articles of faith) Ibrahim was about to obey Allah’s commands, Allah stopped him and  They are the basis of Shi’a Islam; it is from the ‘roots’ that the religion grows rewarded them for their obedience. (Abraham) - Ibrahim and Isma’il restored the Ka’aba after it was These are six principles that a Sunni Muslim must believe to be  They are the five principles of faith and show a person what they must believe to be a Muslim destroyed by ’s flood. accepted as a Muslim.  They come from the teachings of the Qur’an and the Twelve , which means they are of - Ibrahim was given the ’a message for the nations’ and all utmost importance to Shi’a Muslims. further prophets were descendants of him. - Belief in Allah  Shi’a Muslims believe that unless they understand and believe the five roots, they will not be able to - Belief in His Based on the Qur’an. ‘The men Isma’il - Helped his father rebuild the Ka’aba and establish it as a perform the acts of necessary to live the Muslim life place of pilgrimage - Belief in His holy books of faith. Each one believeth in (Ismael)  They are the beliefs that Muslims must hold if their practices are to be correct and to ensure that - Regarded as the prophet to the - Belief in His messengers God and His angels, His books they go to heaven - Belief in the Last Day and His ’ (2: 285) - Musa was born a Jew but raised by Pharoah. He killed an Musa Egyptian and fled but God called him back to free the - Belief in life after death from slavery and leave for God’s . Based on a Hadith of 3. The nature of Allah () - Received the holy book of Tawrat () but the people the Prophet Muhammad. distorted his message Muslims believe that God’s nature is shown in the 99 which can be found in the Qur’an. There is some disagreement about the sixth belief. Some believe that it Dawud - Dawud, the great king of Israel was given the holy book of () refers to ‘destiny’, known as predestination (al-Qadr). Therefore some Characteristic This means… This is important to Muslims because…. () Muslims describe the six beliefs in three categories instead: Allah must be the creator of everything since - Muslims must try to preserve the world he created. - Isa and (his mother) are major figures in the Qur’an - Tawhid (the oneness of God) Oneness he is the only God, in control of everything and - Muslims must only worship Allah (to worship others life - 19 records a virgin birth and many miracles of Isa; - Risalah (the messengers of Allah) (Tawhid) present in the universe He created. Allah is ) including healing and raising the dead - (the last things) - Muslims believe that Allah took Isa from the cross so that Allah has complete powerful. He has created - Muslims believe that Allah is in control of everything Isa () Isa never died. He six beliefs are important because: the universe and so must have complete power - God will bring the world to an end and has the power to do - Isa was give the holy book Injil () however the Qur’an over it this makes it clear that Isa was an ordinary man, not the son of God Believing in Tawhid Believing in angels Believing in the holy Beneficence is the idea that not only is Allah shows that Muslims shows that God books of God good, He is kind and loving to his creation and - Muhammad was called by Allah to bring his final message to believe God is the only can communicate demonstrates that sent prophets with his word to show humans - If God is merciful, Muslims should be too humanity Beneficence one, which means he how to live. - On the Last Day Muslims will be able to ask for mercy if - His message must be followed and those who follow will be with humans using God has sent books and mercy must be the creator of His special beings to show humans what The Qur’an also teaches that Allah’s mercy is they have shown mercy to others rewarded. everything, and so must to believe and how to such that if people fail to life the perfect - His life was a perfect example for people to follow be all powerful Muslim life, he will forgive them. Muhammad - The message of the previous prophets was distorted so Allah live sent Muhammed the holy book, the Qur’an which can never be Justice means fairness and the maintenance of distorted. - God is just and will reward the good and punish the bad How these impact of Muslim communities today: Justice what is right. Allah’ justice is shown in his holy - The seal of the prophets – final prophet with Allah’s final - Muslims must try to behave justly and preserve a just (Adalat) law, Shari’ah and the way he deals with humans message to humanity society and so work for equal rights and fair laws  The six beliefs mean that all people are created equal in the sight of on the Last Day. God. No one is superior to others (except because of their religious The prophets teach Muslims: Refers to the aspect of God’s nature and - Allah is worthy of human worship as is greater than devotion/piety) therefore people should not judge others power which is totally beyond the material anything - Islam is the original religion. Allah taught Islam to Adam and Transcendence  These beliefs mean that in Sunni Islam there are no or holy world and so human experience and - Allah is not restricted by time, space or matter and so can all the following prophets men with special authority, there can be no prophets after understanding. be contacted by humans wherever they are - Each prophet was given Allah’s true message and so Muslims Muhammad so no human can have God’s special authority - Allah is present for all religious activities of a Muslim should follow their teachings Allah is close to humans and within the universe  Salvation in Islam comes through believing in the six beliefs and Immanence - Despite God’s greatness, Allah can be contacted by - All prophets lived lives whose example could be followed, he has created. living in the way set out by Islam humans especially Muhammad. ( contains the prophets life) 5. Muslim holy books 6. Malaikah (angels) Role 7. Al-Qadr (fate)

Muslims believe that God sent prophets (rasul) with his message and Muslims believe that Allah cannot communicate  Chief of the angels. This means power, fate or predestination. This means that the most important of these were given the message in the form of directly with humans. Allah created angels as  Deliver Allah’s message to the prophets to everything in the universe is following a divine plan. God’s holy book. immortal beings without free will. pass onto humanity  Told Ibrahim (Ishaq/), Zechariah - They are male and have wings. ‘In all things the master-planning is God’s (Surah 13:42) There is some dispute over these books because: - They obey all of Allah’s commands so never (Yahya/) and Maryam (Isa/Jesus) about the birth of significant - Some Muslims believe that God made one holy book, the Qur’an, commit sins and each holy book given to a prophet was simply a copy of that people. - Angels can have direct contact with Allah and  Revealed the Qur’an to Muhammad. In 610, Muslims - Some Muslim scholars believe that the early holy books simply pass his message to humans In the end

Jibril () Jibril believe during the month of and continued He has everything contained certain parts of the Qur’an and that only Muhammad that Allah Angels have many functions such as: to give revelations for the next 20 years the power He knows will work was given the full eternal version of the Qur’an until the Qur’an was complete has a plan - Praise Allah in heaven to make what will out as for the that plan happen Allah The purpose of the holy books was so that Muslims what to believe - Guardians of the gates of  universe (omniscient) Second most important angel happen willed and and how to live. Muslims are vicegerents or Khalifahs for God and so - Record the good and bad deeds of humans to  he (omnipotent) Guardian of heaven, protecting it from evil wanted need to know how to live to protect the world for him the way he present to Allah on the Last Day and the created  wanted. Mika’il He ensures humans are nourished by sending Angels are important because: () rain to earth History - Angels communicated the Qur’an to Muhammad, Al-Qadr and the Day of Judgement without them Muslims would not have instructions  Angel of death The holy books started with Adam. Unfortunately, humans distorted on what to believe or how to live  Takes the of people at death and Muslims believe that on the final judgement, Allah will judge God’s words and so God had to send other messengers. Muslims - Angels ensure that on the Day of Judgement God returns it to Allah when Allah decides it is everyone on the basis of their beliefs and actions and reward believe that God sent his word to: will have all the facts when judging people’s lives Izra’il their time to die or punish accordingly. People can only be punished for actions - Ibrahim (Abraham) = Sahifa Ibrahim () - Angels make sure that heaven is safe from evil which they are responsible and could have done differently. - Musa (Moses) = Tawrat (Torah) This means that the concept of al-Qadr and Allah’s final - Dawud (David) = Zabur (Psalms) judgement contradict one another. This has led to two - Isa (Jesus) = Injil (Gospels) *nb. This is not the same as the New Testament Gospels. different Muslim explanations: They believe that they were recordings of what people remembered of the true Gospels given to Jesus 8. Akirah (Life after death)  Shi’a Muslims – Allah created humans with free will and Muslims believe that when they die their body stays in the grave until the Last Day. The Qur’an his vicegerents responsible for the world. It is therefore The Qur’an teaches that Allah will bring this world to an end (Last Day). This will be after Isa up to humans to decide what happens and take Muslims believe that God decided that his word needed revealing (Jesus) has returned, the angel Israfit will sound the trumpet and the dead will be raised. We responsibility for their actions and so pay the price on in a new way because: will stand before God ono the plain of Arafat to be judged and either sent to heaven or hell. the Last Day. - He had sent it before and each time humans distorted it All Muslims believe that heaven is . It is described in the Qur’an as al’ (the Garden): - Humans had ignored or disobeyed His message  Sunni Muslims – Allah knows what people will do before they do it, but they do it of their own free will. This meant that the Qur’an need to be sent to a prophet who ‘Allah hath promised to Believers, men and women, gardens under which rivers flow, to dwell therein, could not read or recite but recite God’s words; but highly and beautiful mansions in gardens of everlasting bliss. But the greatest bliss if the good pleasure of What does al-Qadr mean for Muslims today? intelligent. Allah. That is the supreme felicity’ (Surah 9:72) - Although Muslims may face suffering, they do not need to Muhammad was that chosen prophet. He ensured his followers Hell is and is portrayed in the Qur’an as a place of fire and torture. Most Muslims believe that this worry as God is in control, so all will be well memorised the revelations and later had secretaries to write - All suffering must be accepted as it must be part of God’s them down. He checked them for accuracy and his wife Hafsa a place for eternity, some Muslims believe that bad Muslims only stay to be punished for their sins or for as long as God wills and that there are 7 classes/realms of hell. plan and will have a good outcome kept them for him. - Although God’s plans will happen, Muslims have to make their own choice and be responsible for their own actions and Some differences in belief: Life after death is important because: When Muhammad died, Abu Bak’r, made the authorised version. destiny. All other versions were destroyed by who organised the The belief that the soul stays in the grave until the Last Day is challenged by . The Qur’an teaches there is Akirah Surah’s by length and created the official version. This means some Muslims as the Qur’an states that those who die on or fighting in . Muhammad taught that there is Akirah Muslim and Christian beliefs about life after death that the Qur’an used today is the exact words of God revealed to holy war will go straight to heaven and so is spiritual; meaning your . are judged immediately after death and go to a spiritual heaven or hell. It is one of the six fundamental beliefs Muhammad. ‘An earthly copy of a heavenly original’ as all copies of Similarities the Qur’an have the same , words and letters (114 Surahs, 77, This can affect the lives of Muslims because: - Both believe in judgement – period between death and body being raised. Some Muslim traditions - Both believe in heaven with God 639 words) . Muslims will try to live good Muslim lives if say that after death, souls are visited by the angel of death and questioned - Both believe the good are rewarded about their faith. If they have true Muslim faith they are shown their place in they are to go to paradise and avoid hell The Qur’an is important to Muslims today because: heaven and look at it until the Last Day. If they are not, they are beaten with . Living a good Muslim life means observing Differences  Everything in the Qur’an must be true because God said it and clubs until their judgement. the five pillars - Some do not believe in hell and believe that everyone will so there is no greater authority Other traditions say that the soul hovers over the grace until the Last Day. . Living a good Muslim life means following eventually go to heaven  It tells Muslims what to believe – Allah, Angels, Prophets, Holy - Some Christians do not believe in the Last Day and that judgement Shari’ah law so eat meat, follow Muslim Books, Judgement Day and Akhirah Others say the soul simply sleeps so that Barzakh seems a moment between happens immediately dress laws, not drink alcohol or gamble  Sets out how Muslims should live – 5 pillars, halal/, death and the Last Day - Catholics believe in purgatory, a place for those not ready for heaven to be cleansed of their sins. Lesson 5 – Risalah ()

INSTRUCTIONS: 1. Complete the DNA and self-assess using the answers on the next slide. 2. Fill in the missing blanks using the keywords for today’s lesson. Self-assess using the answers on the following slides. 3. Read the background information and highlight the key information. 4. Watch the video about Risalah and answer the two questions on the page. Use the answers on the next slide to self assess. 5. Use the information sheets about the different prophets in Islam and complete the tables. Use all available resources for this lesson to write as much information as possible. 6. Use the quote sheet and the prompts to help you explain what the quotes means. 7. Complete the GCSE 12 mark exam question and use the answers to self-assess. 8. Complete the review questions at the end.

If you have access to ICT, please complete the questions on the textbook worksheet titled (Risalah – Prophethood) LO: To evaluate the nature and purpose of Risalah for Muslims.

Questions (knowledge recap from previous lessons)

1. What is meant by the following terms: Tawhid, , Mi’aad and Risalah?

DNA 2. Describe why Tawhid is important to Muslims?

3. Explain what is meant by this teaching “Say He is Allah the One and only, eternal and Absolute there is none like Him.”

LO: To evaluate the nature and purpose of Risalah for Muslims. Key Words: Adam, Ibrahim, Musa, Muhammad, Risalah. DNA Answers God. God. times in constant the a as reminder to Muslims that isthere one mentioned is countless it as significant is This beliefe comprehend him. can nothing that and God one believe in Muslimsthat shows again This like Him.” none Absolute isthere and eternal only, 3. transcendent. and Shirk reiterates God is that God iseternal, omnipotent and God is opposes in one significant Tawhis itis belief the as God. This is belief in 2. Prophethood. Risalah: Resurrection Mi’ad:and Tawhid: Oneness Imamate: Allah, of Leadership Islam, Shia within Risalah? 1. Questions DNA ANSWERS: Key Words:Ibrahim, Adam, Risalah. Muhammad, Musa, LO: Describe why Tawhid is important to Muslims? to important is Tawhid why Describe Explain Explain what is meant this teaching by “Say is He Allah the One and and Imamate, Mi’aad Tawhid, terms: following the by meant is What To To theevaluate nature and of purpose Risalah Muslims. for (knowledge recap from previous lessons) previous from recap (knowledge Green Pen Reflection Risalah (Prophethood) LO: To evaluate the nature and purpose of Risalah for Muslims. Learning objective Learning

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LO: To evaluate the nature and purpose of Risalah for Muslims. Key Words: Adam, Ibrahim, Musa, Muhammad, Risalah. Muslims believe that God has chosen many ………… to bring the message of Islam to the people. The belief in prophets and their importance is known as ………. Prophethood- when someone is made a prophet- is a gift given by …………to help humankind understand his message. The prophets are important as they provide a method of …………………between God and human beings.

Adam Ibrahim (Abraham) 1. 1.

2. 2. 3.

3. 4.

4. 5.

6. 5. 7.

6. 8.

9.

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Qur’an Qur’an 1. ‘ Abraham was of the self-same faith and came to his Lord with a pure 1. ‘He taught Adam the names of all things and then set them before heart. He said to his father and to his people: ‘What are these that you the angels,.’ Surah 2:31 worship? Would you serve false instead of God? What think you of the Lord of the Universe?’ Surah 37: 82-89 2. ‘ ‘When My guidance is revealed to you, those that follow My guidance 2. ‘Thus we do reward the righteous. He was one of Our believing shall have nothing to fear or to regret." Surah 2: 39 servants.’ Surah 110 -111 Musa (Moses) Isa (Jesus) 1. 1.

2.

2. 3.

4. 3. 5.

6. 4. 7.

5. 8.

6.

Qur’an Qur’an 1. ‘We called out to him from the right side of the Mountain, and when he came near We 1. ‘They denied the truth and uttered a monstrous falsehood against Mary. They declared: communed with him in secret. We gave him, of Our mercy, his brother , himself a ‘We have put to death the , Jesus son of Mary, the of Allah.’ They did prophet.’ Surah 19: 51-53 not kill him, nor did they crucify him, but they thought they did.’ Surah 4:57

1. ‘And when he came near (Moses), a voice called out to him from a bush in a blessed spot 1. ‘Allah said: ‘ Jesus I am about to claim you back and lift you up to Me. I shall take you on the right side of the valley, saying: ‘Moses, I am Allah, Lord or the Universe. Throw away from the unbelievers and exalt your followers above them till the Day of down your staff.’ Surah 28:30 Resurrection.’ Surah 3:55 Muhammad 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

Qur’an 1. Chapter 33:22 Verily you have in the Prophet of Allah an excellent model, for him who fears Allah and the Last Day and who remembers Allah much. 2. Chapter 33:41 Muhammad is not the father of any of your men, but he is the Messenger of ALLAH, and the seal of the Prophets and ALLAH has full knowledge of all things. Lesson 6 – Holy Books

INSTRUCTIONS: 1. Complete the DNA and self-assess using the answers on the next slide. 2. Read the background information and highlight the key information. 3. Watch the video about holy books and answer the two questions on the page. 4. Match the holy book to the prophet it was revealed to. Use the information sheets for this lesson to help you. 5. Read the quote sheet explain what you think the quotes means. 6. Complete the GCSE 12 mark exam question and use the answers to self-assess. The arguments ‘for’ have been done for you. Put these into a paragraph. Explain the arguments against. 7. Complete the review questions at the end.

If you have access to ICT, please complete the questions on the textbook worksheet titled (Muslim holy books – kutub) LO: To evaluate the significance of holy books in Islam.

Questions (knowledge recap from previous lessons)

1. Identify five characteristics of Allah.

DNA 2. Describe why prophet Muhammad is important.

3. Explain what is meant by this source of authority “Say we believe in Allah and the revelation given to us by Abraham, Isaac, Ismail and Jacob…”

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Some Muslims would argue that the Quran is the most important holy book for You have a worksheet with and Exam Question Exam Muslims because it was revealed to Prophet Muhammad pbuh the final prophet of for points Islam… you can use the For example in the Quran it states… above sheet for arguments against. LO: To evaluate the significance of holy books in Islam. Key Words: Scrolls of Abraham, Tawrat, Zabur, Injil, Quran. One thing I have learnt from this lesson is…

How does this link to what I already know?...

One thing I found difficult from this lesson is…

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LO: To evaluate the significance of holy books in Islam. Key Words: Scrolls of Abraham, Tawrat, Zabur, Injil, Quran. Prophet (In Revealed Holy chronological Book order) Ibrahim (Abrahim) Qur’an

Musa (Moses) Injil

Dawud (David) Sahifah Scrolls

Isa (Jesus) Tawrat

Muhammad Zabur Holy books Ibrahim A ‘lost’ Holy book Musa A ‘distorted’ Holy book. Surah 4:54 Surah 5: 47 But we have already given the family of Ibrahim the ‘But how will they come to you for judgement when they Book and Wisdom, and conferred upon them a great already have the Tawrat which enshrines Allah’s own kingdom. judgement? Soon after, they will turn their backs: they are no true believers.’

This holy book or scroll is not believed to have The name of this translation literally means survived today. It is claimed by Muslim scholars that ‘instructions’ and refers to the revelation of the the scrolls were given to Ibrahim, and recorded by Jewish Torah or Christian Pentateuch, (the first five him and his scribes. However over time this books of the ). Muslims believe the revelation was lost, and as a result Allah had to send ‘instructions’ were the same given by Allah to all another holy book via a new prophet. According to prophets including Ibrahim and Dawud. This the Qur’an, these scrolls were about obedience to revelation is said to have been rejected by some of Allah. the people at the time of Musa, which is why a new revelation was needed.

Dawud A ‘distorted’ Holy Isa Considered the most book. distorted of all.. Surah 4: 171 Surah 21: 105 Christ Jesus the son of Mary was no more than an Before this We wrote in the Psalms, after the Apostle of God, and His word….. Say not ‘Trinity’: message given to Moses, ‘My servants shall inherit the desist: it will be better for you: for God is One God, earth’. Glory by to Hum far exalted is He above having a son. The Arabic word for this original revelation is called Injil which means ‘Good News’. Allah sent his message According to the Qur’an this revelation was to Isa, but the revelation was replaced with false revealed to the King of Israel. Muslim teachings. When Allah saw how distorted the Injil scholars associate this with the Psalms found had become (especially in saying that Isa was Allah’s in the Bible. It literally translates as ‘song’ or son) he decided to send the revelation in such a way ‘music’. It is mentioned by name only 3 times that it could never be distorted again. According to in the Qur’an. Islam, this is why Allah chose to give Muhammad the Qur’an by dictation. For argument “This is the Scripture in which there 1. It was the direct revelation from Allah to the Prophet Muhammad is no doubt, containing guidance for that has not been changed over the those who are mindful of God.” years. (Quran 2: 2) 2. It proves that the Qur’an is the exact words of Allah because the Prophet Muhammad could recite the words even though he could not read or write. 3. It was the last revelation from Allah to humans giving people the correct guidance about how to live as a good Muslim. 4. It restored the original message of Islam to the other Prophets of Islam going back to Adam, which had been corrupted over the years.