Pavement Design and Rehabilitation Manual – Second Edition
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(Blank Page) Pavement Design and Rehabilitation Manual – Second Edition PAVEMENT DESIGN AND REHABILITATION MANUAL Second Edition Published by: Materials Engineering and Research Office Ministry of Transportation 1201 Wilson Avenue Downsview, Ontario Canada M3M 1J8 Copyright information:© Queen’s Printer for Ontario, 2013 ISBN: 978-1-4435-2872-6 (PRINT) 978-1-4435-2873-3 (PDF) March 2013 Page ii (Blank Page) Pavement Design and Rehabilitation Manual – Second Edition To all users of the: PAVEMENT DESIGN AND REHABILITATION MANUAL Enquiries regarding the purchase and distribution of this Manual should be directed to: Publications Ontario 880 Bay Street Toronto, Ontario, Canada M7A 1N8 http://www.publications.serviceontario.ca/ecom/ Enquiries regarding amendments, suggestions or comments should be directed to: Materials Engineering and Research Office Ministry of Transportation Ontario 2nd Floor, Building C 1201 Wilson Avenue Downsview, ON M3M 1J8 Page iii (Blank Page) Pavement Design and Rehabilitation Manual – Second Edition Foreword This Second Edition of the MTO Pavement Design and Rehabilitation Manual is a publication of the Ontario Ministry of Transportation for use in the Province of Ontario. The Manual incorporates the ministry's current practices and expertise in the areas of pavement design, rehabilitation, and management. This Manual provides a documented set of guidelines and procedures for use by ministry planners, designers and policy makers. Use of these design practices will assist in providing cost-effective pavement design and uniform direction in the preservation of our pavement infrastructure. This second edition incorporated the newly adopted information on SuperPave, the AASHTOWare Pavement ME Design, warm mix asphalt, pavement preservation and other new pavement design and rehabilitation technologies. Pavement design is steadily changing from an art to a science but is still dependent on the experience and good judgement of the designer. The Manual is not a substitute for experience and understanding in this specialized field of geotechnical engineering. The information presented in this Manual was carefully researched and presented. However, no warranty, express or implied, is made on the accuracy of the contents or their extraction from referenced publications; nor shall the fact of distribution constitute responsibility by the Ontario Ministry of Transportation, or any researchers or contributors for omissions, errors or possible misrepresentation, or financial loss that may result from use or interpretation of the material herein contained. Specific construction and material related issues should be referred to Ontario Standard Special Provision (OPSS) for details, which can be found from the following website: http://www.raqsa.mto.gov.on.ca/techpubs/OPS.nsf/OPSHomepage Comments and suggestions on the technical contents of the Manual are welcome. Such comments should be addressed to: Head Pavements & Foundations Section Materials Engineering and Research Office Ministry of Transportation 1201 Wilson Avenue 2nd Floor, Building C Downsview, Ontario Canada M3M 1J8 Page iv (Blank Page) Pavement Design and Rehabilitation Manual – Second Edition Manual Steering Committee Team Lead – Tom Kazmierowski, Former Manager of Materials Engineering and Research Office Members – Becca Lane, Manager of Materials Engineering and Research Office Betty Bennett, Senior Pavement Design Engineer Chris Raymond, Head of Construction Contracts Dale Smith, Team Lead of Performance Dan Schutte, Head of Program Planning (Northwestern Region) Darwyn Sproule, Head of Planning and Design (Eastern Region) Nick Gilbert, Head of Geotechnical Section (West Region) Stephen Lee, Head of Pavements and Foundations Susanne Chan, Pavement Design Engineer Page v (Blank Page) Pavement Design and Rehabilitation Manual – Second Edition Technical Working Committees Chapter 1: Materials Chairman: Susanne Chan, Pavement Design Engineer Members: Anil Virani, Senior Bituminious Engineer Betty Bennett, Senior Pavement Design Engineer Chris Raymond, Head of Construction Contracts Maria Bianchin, Lead of Performance Specifications Task Group Robert Mount, Geotechnical Engineer (West Region) Steve Senior, Head of Soils and Aggregates Chapter 2: Drainage Chairman – Susanne Chan, Pavement Design Engineer Members: Betty Bennett, Senior Pavement Design Engineer Chris Raymond, Head of Construction Contracts Hani Farghaly, Senior Engineer of Hydrotechnical Design Rob Kohlberger, Geotechnical Engineer (Central Region) Steve Senior, Head of Soils and Aggregates Chapter 3: Pavement Design Chairman – Susanne Chan, Pavement Design Engineer Members: Betty Bennett, Senior Pavement Design Engineer Chris Raymond, Head of Construction Contracts Dale Smith, Team Lead of Performance Derek Thompson, Geotechnical Engineer (Northeastern Region) Jason Wright, Geotechnical Engineer (Northeastern Region) Joseph Ponniah, Former Senior Research Engineer Joshua Li, Pavement Design Evaluation Officer (Central Region) Maria Bianchin, Lead of Performance Specifications Task Group Mark Ayton, Senior Engineer Highway Design Muhammad Kamran Khan, Project Soils Engineer (West Region) Pamela Marks, Head of Bituminous Section Rob Tardif, Team Leader Transportation Planning Steve Senior, Head of Soils and Aggregates Warren Lee, Pavement Design Engineer Page vi Pavement Design and Rehabilitation Manual – Second Edition Chapter 4: Maintenance, Preservation and Rehabilitation Chairman – Susanne Chan, Pavement Design Engineer Members: Betty Bennett, Senior Pavement Design Engineer Brij Sharma, Pavement Management Engineer Chris Raymond, Head of Construction Contracts Marc Rockburn, Pavement Design Evaluation Officer (Northeastern Region) Maria Bianchin, Lead of Performance Specifications Task Group Pamela Marks, Head of Bituminous Section Steve Senior, Head of Soils and Aggregates Ted Phillips, Former Geotechnical Supervisor (Eastern Region) Chapter 5: Evaluation and Pavement Management Chairman – Susanne Chan, Pavement Design Engineer Members: Betty Bennett, Senior Pavement Design Engineer Brij Sharma, Pavement Management Engineer Chris Raymond, Head of Construction Contracts Frank Marciello, Supervisor of Pavement Evaluation Unit John Blair, Senior Soils and Aggregates Engineer Li Ningyuan, Senior Pavement Management Engineer Nick Gilbert, Head of Geotechnical Section (West Region) Warren Lee, Pavement Design Engineer Page vii Pavement Design and Rehabilitation Manual – Second Edition Acknowledgements The MTO Pavement Design and Rehabilitation Manual manifest the talents and dedication of the ministry staff from various offices. The actual publication of this document is a complex and time-consuming task made easier by the enthusiasm of the people involved. Their contributions are gratefully acknowledged. Project Manager – Susanne Chan, Pavement Design Engineer Technical Editing – Technical Working Committee Members Independent Reviewer – Alison Bradbury, Former Head of Engineering Standards and Specification Management Section Proofreading – Steering Committee Members Page viii (Blank Page) Pavement Design and Rehabilitation Manual – Second Edition Table of Contents 1 Materials ..........................................................................................................................................2 1.1 Subgrade Materials .................................................................................................................2 1.1.1 Soil and Rock Identification and Classification ..............................................................2 Physiography of Ontario .......................................................................................................2 Soil Classification .................................................................................................................3 Soil Descriptions ..................................................................................................................4 Engineering Properties .........................................................................................................5 Rock......................................................................................................................................5 1.1.2 Soil Investigations ...........................................................................................................7 Vehicle-Mounted Power Augers ...........................................................................................8 Manual Augers .....................................................................................................................8 Organic Samplers .................................................................................................................9 Backhoes ..............................................................................................................................9 Core Drilling Equipment for Rock .....................................................................................10 Sampling Depths and Locations .........................................................................................10 Water Well Regulation 903 ................................................................................................. 11 1.1.3 Soil Tests........................................................................................................................ 11 Particle Size Analysis, LS 702 ............................................................................................12