REPUBLIC OF

Census of Agricultural Holdings in Bulgaria in 2010 Ministry of Agriculture and Food Ministry of Agriculture and With the financial support of Food the European Union

No 217 – November 2012

2010 2020020052005

Agricultural Census in 2010 DISTRICT – main results

General Characteristics of the district A The Razgrad District is situated in the North Central Region and is one of the 28 districts in Bulgaria (level G NUTS 3 of the common classification of territorial units for statistics of EU). The total area of the district is 2 637 sq. km which is 2.4% of the territory of the R country. The number of settlements is 103, administered in 7 municipalities; the towns are 6 and the villages – 97. According to the population census in O 2011 the population in the district is 125 190, which is 14.5% of the population of the region and 1.7% of the population in the country. The total utilized agricultural area (UAA) is 1 435 783 dca or 54.4% of the territory of the district.

S STRUCTURE OF AGRICULTURAL HOLDINGS The number of agricultural holdings in the Razgrad District is 9 301, representing 21.5% of the holdings in the district and T 2.5% of the holdings in the country. The utilized agricultural area (UAA) is 1 435 783.0 dca allocated in 9 014 holdings. The average value of the UAA for the district is 159.3 dca or 57% above the average for the country – 101.3 dca. The number of the holdings without UAA is 287. The Municipality has the largest number of agricultural holdings with A UAA – 2 123, followed by Municipality – 2 016, and – 1 167. The average size of the land on the holdings is the highest in Razgrad Municipality – 307.7 dca, and the smallest with 117.5 dca in Municipality. The holdings that work more than 500 dca of UUA are 277 (3%) and cover 85% (1 227 547 dca) of UAA in T the district. The agricultural holdings cultivating up to 10 dca are 4 904 or 54% of the holdings with UAA in the district, but they cultivate only 1% (17 671 dca) of the UAA. I Table 1 Distribution of agricultural holdings in the Razgrad District according to the size of the UAA by S municipalities UAA (dca) Total ≥ 100.0 and < = 0.0 > 0.0 and < 10.0 ≥ 10.0 and < 20.0 ≥ 20.0 and < 100.0 ≥ 500.0 500.0 Municipality Number Average Number Number Number Number Number T UAA Number of UAA UAA UAA UAA UAA of size of of of of of (dca) holdings (dca) (dca) (dca) (dca) (dca) holdings (dca) holdings holdings holdings holdings holdings I BULGARIA 370 222 36 169 647.3 101.3 13 148 248 015 816 280.7 46 944 625 506.8 41 124 1 631 422.8 12 828 2 786 112.8 8 163 30 310 324.2 Razgrad Municipality 9 301 1 435 783.0 159.3 287 4 904 17 670.7 1 494 20 147.3 1 896 76 515.8 443 93 902.1 277 1 227 547.1 1 134 162 039.8 145.3 19 458 1 754.0 274 3 679.1 285 10 738.2 61 12 184.7 37 133 683.8 C Isperih 2 206 297 527.3 140.1 83 750 3 365.4 463 6 425.2 726 30 370.8 137 28 914.8 47 228 451.1 Kubrat 2 113 272 791.1 135.3 97 1 181 4 795.4 351 4 634.5 349 13 670.1 76 16 925.0 59 232 766.1 S 1 389 173 292.2 126.5 19 942 3 999.1 159 2 073.9 198 7 524.2 36 7 570.8 35 152 124.2 Razgrad 1 202 359 132.2 307.7 35 822 1 850.4 73 1 016.3 123 5 319.1 83 17 900.2 66 333 046.2 Samuil 752 84 720.3 117.5 31 327 973.7 153 2 032.4 184 7 369.6 37 7 177.4 20 67 167.2 Tsar Kaloyan 505 86 280.1 171.9 3 424 932.7 21 285.9 31 1 523.8 13 3 229.2 13 80 308.5

Results and analyses

Distribution of UAA in the Razgrad District UAA according to the legal status of the holdings The utilized agricultural area of 1 435 783 is allocated into 9 014 Figure 1 agricultural holdings located on the territory of the Razgrad Associations District. The number of the owners who are natural persons is and others Natural 8 767 and they manage 23% of the total UAA with an average Commercial persons area of 38.1 dca. The commercial companies are 96 and they 6% companies 23% manage 37% of the total UAA. The average area of their holdings is 5 578.5 dca. The agricultural cooperatives in the district are 37, 37% with 20% of UAA. 14% of UAA are managed by 93 sole traders. The average area of their holdings is 2 185.2 dca. The remaining Sole traders 6% of the UAA are cultivated by civil associations and other 14% structures (monasteries, schools, institutes, etc.). 22% of the utilised land is owned by the holdings, 78% is leased. 86% of the utilized land is owned by natural persons. Cooperatives 20%

CROPS

Distribution of UAA by crops The arable land in the district is 1 339 129 dca or 93% of the UAA Figure 2 of the district and it is allocated in 7 430 agricultural holdings. Cereals represent 58% of UAA, industrial crops – 31%, fodder Fruit Others plants – 3%, permanent grassland – 6%, and permanent crops – species Wheat 18% 1% of UAA. 1% 37% Wheat occupies 37% of the UAA and 63% of cereals, grain maize Grassland – 11% of the UAA and 19% of the cereals. Lentils occupy 49% of 6% the dry pulses area in the district. Sunflower is 64% of the area of industrial crops and 20% of the UAA, and rape – 25% of Rape industrial crops and 8% of the UAA. 13% of the pumpkin seeds in 8% the country are grown by 1 180 holdings in the district. Tobacco occupies 7 586 dca (3% of the area in the country) allocated in Sunflower Grain 939 agricultural holdings. 20 % maize 11%

LIVESTOCK

Livestock, poultry and bees are bred by 7 975 holdings in the Allocation of livestock units district. Of them 38% breed cattle, 49% – sheep, 29% – goats, 8% Figure 3 – pigs and 78% – poultry. 18 640 heads of cattle are bred in the 3% Razgrad District, the average size of the herds being 6.2 heads. BULGARIA 41% 12% 16% 20% 8% Dairy cows are 10 977. Cattle, sheep, goats and pigs are bred mainly in holdings of natural persons – 76% of the cattle, 93% of Razgrad 33% 7% 24% 27% 7% the sheep and 99% of the goats, respectively. 92% of the pigs and 2% 81.4% of the poultry are bred on the holdings of commercial Cattle Sheep Goats Pigs Poultry Other companies and sole traders. 23 608 bee colonies are bred on 669 holdings, 90% of them in the holdings of natural persons. Livestock units are standard measuring units which allow for unification of the different categories of animals for the purpose of their comparison. LABOUR FORCE

Number of persons employed in agriculture by gender and age group 20 101 (seasonal workers excl.) worked in the agricultural holdings in 2010. The volume of their work input was 11 180 annual work units Figure 4 (AWU). 17 069 or 85% of those employed in in the agriculture in the district were family labour force. 3 032 or 15% of the employed were non-family labour (employees) and they worked a total of over 65 years 2 251 1 448 2 916 AWU. The seasonal workers worked 101.8 thousand man- days, which represents 439 AWU. 40% of the employees were from 55 to 64 years 2 963 2 107 women, 60% - men. The pensioners above 64 years of age working in agricultural holdings were 18% of the employed, and from 45 to 54 years 2 860 2 042 the workers up to 34 years of age were 12%. Of 9 301 holding from 35 to 44 years 2 575 1 515 managers (natural persons incl.) 81% were men and 19% were women. The managers worked a total of 4 866 AWU. from 25 to 34 years. 1 159 723 8% of them were aged up to 34 while 25% of them were over 64 years of age. under 24 years 312 146

Male Female

TYPOLOGY OF AGRICULTURAL HOLDINGS In the Razgrad District predominate the holdings specialized in breeding of grazing animals, with mixed crops and livestock breeding and those specialized in arable crops –27.2%, 22.6% and 20.9% respectively. ¾ of the standard output is formed by the holdings specialized in growing arable crops (48.9%) and in breeding pigs and poultry (25.8%).

2 MAIN RESULTS Table 2 Numbers of holdings and area with main crops, number of livestock and labour force in Razgrad District BULGARIA Razgrad District Agricultural Areas and Crops Holdings Area Holdings Area (number) (dca) (number) (dca) Utilised Agricultural Area 357 074 36 169 647.3 9 014 1 435 783.0 Arable land 250 728 31 249 279.8 7 430 1 339 129.1 Cereals 119 640 17 961 479.9 5 520 838 430.4 - Wheat 49 436 11 497 374.0 2 979 530 704.1 - Barley 19 759 2 523 437.0 1 602 143 441.6 - Grain maize 68 381 3 151 539.5 3 779 155 637.2 Sunflower 16 873 7 325 024.3 1 034 286 575.3 Rape 1 927 2 231 852.8 96 113 592.6 Seed pumpkins 5 858 174 258.4 1 180 22 825.7 Fodder crops 75 332 1 061 335.4 4 251 49 859.9 Kitchen gardens 227 930 103 646.5 7 006 4 181.3 Permanent grassland 107 267 3 820 229.9 210 79 699.0 Permanent crops 118 610 996 491.1 1 709 12 773.6 - Vineyards 87 002 523 356.7 1 183 1 793.5 - Fruit species 42 827 455 048.5 645 10 844.6 Apples 19 138 58 509.8 97 488.2 Plums and wild plums 16 273 83 745.8 310 2 989.2 Cherries and sour cherries 10 702 106 319.8 65 3 604.7 Walnuts 2 938 62 212.2 82 1 583.5

BULGARIA Razgrad District Types and categories of livestock Holdings Number of Holdings Number of animals* (number) animals* (number) Cattle 95 357 576 339 2 992 18 640 - Cows 86 210 347 291 2 649 11 106 Sheep 91 793 1 415 181 3 893 34 926 Goats 84 582 388 866 2 271 9 109 Pigs 82 265 670 469 644 с - Sows 15 235 73 547 265 4 482 Total equidae 92 806 112 632 3 486 3 713 Poultry 185 455 17 491 187 6 142 1 286 591 - Hens for laying eggs and growing up hens 180 253 7 875 278 5 982 231 347 - Chickens for fattening 19 457 7 564 578 570 984 221 * Excluding bees, which are given as number of bee colonies.

BULGARIA Razgrad District Labour force Total labour Family labour Non-family Total labour Family labour Non-family force force labour force force force labour force Number of employees in holdings 738 634 681 466 57 168 20 101 17 069 3 032 Labour input in AWU 389 107 336 766 52 341 11 180 8 264 2 916

Table 3 Typology of agricultural holdings in the Razgrad District

Types of specialist holdings Measuring Unit BULGARIA Razgrad District % in the district

Number of holdings 370 222 9 301 100.0% Total SO (thousand Euro) 2 458 262.8 94 449.6 100.0% Number of holdings 63 112 1 943 20.9% Field crops SO (thousand Euro) 1 152 959.3 46 153.2 48.9% Vegetables, flowers and Number of holdings 18,223 93 1.0% Specialist holdings — crops mushrooms SO (thousand Euro) 166 013.1 952.8 1.0% Number of holdings 32 111 216 2.3% Permanent crops SO (thousand Euro) 60 544.3 820.1 0.9% Number of holdings 88 630 2 535 27.2% Grazing livestock SO (thousand Euro) 379 412.6 9 538.4 10.1% Specialist holdings — animal production Pigs, poultry and Number of holdings 28 583 584 6.3% rabbits SO (thousand Euro) 348 827.3 24 416.9 25.8% Number of holdings 14 607 159 1.7% Mixed crop holdings SO (thousand Euro) 65 950.0 1 029.6 1.1% Mixed livestock Number of holdings 50 186 1 664 17.9% Mixed holdings holdings SO (thousand Euro) 76 438.5 2 384.9 2.5% Mixed crop and Number of holdings 73 788 2 101 22.6% livestock holdings SO (thousand Euro) 208 117.7 9 153.7 9.7% Not classified holdings Number of Holdings 982 6 0.1%

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CENSUS OF AGRICULTURAL HOLDINGS 2010: METHODOLOGY

This publication presents and analyzes the data of 9 301 agricultural holdings located in the Razgrad District which meet the thresholds for agricultural holdings. The agricultural holdings are grouped into "natural persons" and "legal entities" in the analysis of the results. The sole traders and the associations are included in the group of legal entities because in terms of size and "behaviour" they are closer to cooperatives and commercial companies than to the holdings of natural persons.

USED DEFINITIONS ORGANISATION AND CONDUCTING OF THE CENSUS Agricultural holding or „holding“ is a technical-economic unit, under single management, The census of the agricultural holdings was held which is engaged in agricultural production or maintains agricultural land in good from 1st September to 30th November 2010 in agricultural and environmental condition within the meaning of article 2, letter ‘a’ of accordance with the Law on Agricultural Census Regulation (EC) No 1166/2008 and meets at least one of the criteria laid down in Annex 2010 in Bulgaria. The information was collected by No 2 to article 5 of the Law on Agricultural Census 2010 in Bulgaria. interviewers who visited the holdings meeting the Utilized agricultural area (UAA) of agricultural holdings includes their arable land, criteria for an agricultural holding in the district and permanent crops, permanent grassland and kitchen gardens. interviewed their owners or managers. Arable land is agricultural land worked under a system of crop rotation on an annual basis 75 interviewers and 7 supervisors who were - area with annual crops as well as area under glass, area with strawberries, temporary specially trained worked on the territory of the grass, hops, oil rose, lavender, fallow land and area for production of seeds and seedlings. Razgrad District during the census. The data entry Permanent crops are orchards, vineyards, area with berry plantations and nurseries from the completed questionnaires was followed by (including for forest trees). verifications and controls of compliance that aimed Permanent grasslands are natural meadows and low productive grassland of the holding to ensure the high quality of the collected which are cut or grazed by the animals. Area not used for production purposes but information. maintained in good agricultural and environmental condition is also included here. All participants in the collection and the processing The UAA of the holdings does not include common area used collectively by several of the data are obliged to keep strict statistical secret holdings for grazing animals. and the individual data of the holdings may not be Annual Work Unit – one AWU is equal to the hours work by a person employed on a full- used for other purposes but statistical ones (Chapter time basis during the whole year. In Bulgaria it is adopted that 1 AWU is equal to 1 856 VI of the Law on Agricultural Census 2010 in working hours during the year or 232 man-days. Bulgaria). Period of observation for the area is the crop year: from 1st October 2009 to 30th September 2010. The number of the animals is reported on 31.08.2010. The labour force is reported for a period of 12 months ending on 31.08.2010.

TYPOLOGY OF THE AGRICULTURAL HOLDINGS The typology of agricultural holdings is a uniform classification of the holdings in the Community based on type of farming and economic size and allows for determining their specialization and size. The classification is based on economic criteria called standard output (SO). The type of farming of a holding is determined by the relative contribution of the standard output of the different products of this holding to the total standard output. The holdings are classified in nine general types: Specialist holdings - crops Mixed holdings 1. Field crops 6. Mixed crops 2. Vegetables, flowers and mushrooms 7. Mixed livestock breeding 3. Permanent crops 8. Mixed crops and livestock breeding Specialist holdings - animal production 4. Grazing livestock 9. Not classified holdings 5. Pigs, poultry and rabbits SO 2007 calculated as weighted average values for the period 2005-2009 were used to determine the typology of the holdings for the census of agricultural holdings in Bulgaria in 2010. The classification of the holdings in homogenous groups by type of specialization and economic size allows for comparison of the agricultural structures in different countries and in time. How is typology determined? What is "economic size" of an agricultural holding? – The The determination of the typology of holdings has the following steps: economic size of a holding is determined on the basis of the - The individual SO of all agricultural holdings (from crop and animal total standard output of the holding. It shows the potential of production) is determined for a particular crop year or as an average value the holding but not its financial results. The economic size of several years. The individual SO reflects the average monetary value of allows for comparison of holdings with different specialization the agricultural production at the producer's price. The SO does not include because the physical size (average area, number of animals, direct payments; value added tax and other taxes. etc.) does not provide sufficient information. - These individual SO are applied to the data of each holding (the area of The economic size of a holding is determined as the sum of each type of crop and the number of each animal category raised on the SO of each product produced in the holding. The holdings are holding is multiplied by the relevant SO) and summed to determine the total classified by size classes (from I to XIV). The I class includes SO of the holding in euro. holdings with size up to 2 thousand EUR. The holdings with - The specialization of the holding is determined on the basis of a economic size from 2 thousand EUR to 100 thousand EUR are classification scheme set out in Regulation (EC) 1242/2008 amended by classified in classes from II to VII, while holdings with Regulation (EO) 867/2009. economic size above 100 thousand EUR fall within classes from VIII to XIV. The typology of holdings is used in agricultural statistics to analyze the results obtained from statistical surveys and to prepare samples for conducting subsequent ones.

This publication was editorially accomplished on 30 November 2012. For further information: MoAF, Agrostatistics Department Edited by: MoAF, Agrostatistics Department phone/fax: 980 82 94; E-mail: [email protected] Address: Sofia, 1040, MoAF, 55 Hristo Botev Blvd. MoAF’s Internet site: www.mzh.government.bg Regional Agricultural Directorate – Razgrad http://www.mzh.government.bg/ODZ-Razgrad/bg/Home.aspx Address: 7200 Razgrad, 10, N. Y. Vaptsarov Str. phone/fax: 084/61 60 19; E-mail: [email protected]

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