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Distribution of Holttumochloa (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) in China with Description of a New Species Revealed by Morphological and Molecular Evidence

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Distribution of Holttumochloa (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) in China with Description of a New Species Revealed by Morphological and Molecular Evidence Plant Diversity 39 (2017) 135e139 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Plant Diversity journal homepage: http://www.keaipublishing.com/en/journals/plant-diversity/ http://journal.kib.ac.cn Distribution of Holttumochloa (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) in China with description of a new species revealed by morphological and molecular evidence * Mengyuan Zhou a, d, Jingxia Liu a, d, Yiwen Liang c, Dezhu Li a, b, d, a Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China b Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China c Diaoluo Mountain National Nature Reserve, Lingshui, Hainan 572434, China d University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China article info abstract Article history: Holttumochloa has previously only been recorded from Malaysia. Here we describe and illustrate a new Received 7 April 2017 species, Holttumochloa hainanensis sp. nov., from the lowland montane forests of Diaoluo Mountain on Received in revised form the Island of Hainan, South China. Morphologically, H. hainanensis is similar to Holttumochloa korbuensis, 5 May 2017 but can be clearly distinguished from it in having larger culms covered by white wax, longer leaf blades, Accepted 8 May 2017 larger pseudospikelets and anthers. Furthermore, molecular phylogeny based on the nuclear gene GBSSI Available online 13 May 2017 corroborates the identification of the new species and its affinity. The biogeographical significance of the (Editor: Qin'er Yang) new record of Holttumochloa in South China is also highlighted in this study. Copyright © 2017 Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Publishing services by Keywords: Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY- Holttumochloa hainanensis NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Taxonomy GBSSI phylogeny Biogeography Bambusinae Holttumochloa K.M. Wong is a genus endemic to Malay Penin- subtended by a large bract which is almost as long as the lemmas, sula with three described species (Wong, 1993): Holttumochloa whereas pseudospikelets of Holttumochloa are each subtended by a korbuensis K.M. Wong, Holttumochloa pubescens K.M. Wong and small bract that is distinctly smaller than the lemmas. Holttumochloa magica (Ridley) K.M. Wong, which is the type spe- We collected specimens of a slender bamboo without in- cies. Holttumochloa differs from other taxa of paleotropical woody florescences from Diaoluo Mountain during a field expedition to bamboos (PWB), especially in its unique branching pattern. Branch the Island of Hainan, South China in 2014. It occurs in montane complements of Holttumochloa are derived from multiple primary forests above elev. 600 m. Its vegetative characters are different buds at the culm nodes, whereas they are derived from a solitary from all recognized bamboo species in China. After a general bud in other PWB taxa. Phylogenetically, Holttumochloa was literature survey, we found that it resembles Kinabaluchloa nebu- revealed to be closely related to Kinabaluchloa K.M. Wong, which losa K.M. Wong in the following vegetative characters: culm tips consists of two species each endemic to the Malay Peninsula and entangled with tree crowns; internodes white-waxy; nodes Borneo, respectively (Goh et al., 2010, 2013). However, the two prominent with a thick girdle at sheath base; buds none at the genera have different branching patterns and pseudospikelet fea- lowermost nodes; culm sheaths pale purplish green covered with tures (Wong, 1993). Pseudospikelets of Kinabaluchloa are each black hairs, ligules with pale brown bristles, blades linear, reflexed. But it is different from K. nebulosa in having shorter and thinner culms and bearing no golden-brown hair ring at the sheath base. * Corresponding author at: Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Germplasm During a second expedition in 2015, we found a flowering clump of Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China. the same bamboo. After further investigation and comparison E-mail address: [email protected] (D. Li). with the literature and type specimens of Holttumochloa and Peer review under responsibility of Editorial Office of Plant Diversity. Kinabaluchloa, we found that it belongs to Holttumochloa rather http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pld.2017.05.001 2468-2659/Copyright © 2017 Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). 136 M. Zhou et al. / Plant Diversity 39 (2017) 135e139 than Kinabaluchloa in the diagnostic characters of the flowering published work (Goh et al., 2013). The sequence of H. hainanensis specimens: pseudospikelets each subtended by a bract distinctly was generated following Yang et al. (2008) and has been deposited smaller than the lemmas; ovary with the hairy summit, obovoid- in GenBank (KY679198). Sequences were aligned by MAFFT v7.184 ovoid when young and becoming cylindrical gradually. Corrobo- (Katoh and Standley, 2013) and adjusted manually where neces- rated by the molecular phylogeny, we concluded that it should be a sary. Maximum likelihood (ML) analysis was performed with new species of Holttumochloa, despite its vegetative similarities RAxML-HPC2 v8.2.4 (Stamatakis, 2014). Maximum parsimony with Kinabaluchloa. Herein, this new species is described and analysis was carried out in PAUP* version 4.0b10 (Sinauer, Sun- illustrated. derland, Massachusetts). Parameter settings for both analyses fol- lowed Zhou et al. (in press). Materials and methods Results We compared our samples with images of type specimens of H. magica, K. nebulosa and Kinabaluchloa wrayi on the website of the Inferring from the molecular phylogeny of GBSSI (Fig. 1), Kin- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (http://apps.kew.org/herbcat/ abaluchloa and Holttumochloa form a well-supported clade (90/96) navigator.do), and consulted protologues of relevant taxa as well. except for K. wrayi, whose phylogenetic position remains unre- Vegetative characters were measured in the field and in the her- solved. This clade can be distinguished from its sister clade, the barium, and the pseudospikelets were analyzed under a stereo BambusaeDendrocalamuseGigantochloa (BDG) complex, with high microscope (ZEISS SteREO Discovery.V12) facilitated by the Germ- statistical support. The GBSSI phylogeny recovered a monophyletic plasm Bank of Wild Species in Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Holttumochloa, within which H. hainanensis was resolved to be Academy of Sciences. sister to H. magica with strong support (97/99). In order to investigate the phylogenetic position of Holttumo- chloa hainanensis, some species of Holttumochloa, Kinabaluchloa Discussion and other closely related PWBs, particularly of the Bambusinae, were selected to reconstruct the molecular phylogeny. Partial The close relationship between Kinabaluchloa and Holttumo- sequence of the nuclear granule-bound starch synthase I (GBSSI) chloa has been revealed in previous phylogenetic studies (Goh et al., gene was used to study the molecular phylogeny. In total, DNA 2010, 2013; Zhou et al., in press). The two genera formed a mono- sequences of 27 species of PWBs were obtained from previously phyletic group in Goh et al. (2013). However, both Kinabaluchloa Fig. 1. MP tree based on partial GBSSI gene. Numbers above branches indicate maximum parsimony bootstrap (MPBS)/maximum likelihood bootstrap (MLBS) 70/70. M. Zhou et al. / Plant Diversity 39 (2017) 135e139 137 and Holttumochloa were not monophyletic genera in the plastid The discovery of this new species greatly expands the distri- phylogeny, and H. hainanensis was sister to a clade consisting of bution area of Holttumochloa northward, and it is of great biogeo- H. magica and K. nebulosa (Zhou et al., in press). In contrast, both graphical significance since Holttumochloa has previously only been Kinabaluchloa and Holttumochloa were resolved to be monophyletic recorded from the Malay Peninsula. The flora of Hainan has shown in the nuclear phylogeny (Goh et al., 2013). Since both genera are higher similarity to that of the Malay Peninsula than southern endemic to a narrow geographical region and have similar vege- Guangdong, which is geographically closer to Hainan (Zhu, 2016). tative characters, except for different primary buds, hybridizations Also, the Southeast Asian mainland was directly connected to are likely to have occurred in the evolutionary history of the two western Malaysia until the early Pliocene, and there was no genera. In addition, GBSSI phylogeny further confirmed our recog- geographical barrier between them during the Tertiary (Hall and nition of the new species. Holloway, 1998). This might explain the close affinity of flora be- Based on previous studies and our results, some morphological tween the two areas. Coincidentally, Trigonobalanus verticillata characters of bamboos, including diagnostic features previously Forman has also been found to be disjunctively distributed in used, are of little phylogenetic significance. In the case of lineages Hainan, Malaysia and Indonesia, and their affinities were further occurring in diverse habitats, characters might be variable due to
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