THE DANISH EDUCATION SYSTEM

– Principles for education in BASIC HEALTH CARE COLLEGE

THE DANISH EDUCATION SYSTEM

– Principles for education in Denmark

Education for all Active participation Provision of high quality education at all levels is essential to ensure compet- Treating pupils and students as independent people with a right to form their itiveness in today’s global society. Thus, Danish education aims to ensure that own opinion and a duty to participate actively in discussions is a matter of all young people acquire knowledge and competencies, which will qualify course in Danish education. them to take active part in the knowledge society and contribute to its fur- ther development. Education is open to all and generally free of charge. Project work At all levels of the education system, pupils and students attend classes, High standards however, they also carry out project work, either on an individual basis or in The quality of Danish education is assured in many ways. It is mainly regu- small groups. Interdisciplinary activities are also an integrated part of Danish lated and financed by the state, and all public educational institutions are education. approved and evaluated on an ongoing basis. Lifelong learning Lifelong learning is a key principle in Denmark. The idea dates all the way back to the 19th century Danish clergyman and philosopher N.F.S. Grundt- vig, who argued that a prerequisite for active participation in a democratic Hanne Helleshøj, President society is education for all citizens on a lifelong basis.

2 • VEJLE • • FACTS ABOUT THE BASIC HEALTH CARE COLLEGE

Teachers skills and teaching abilities 2014

The Social and Health Care edu- Basic Health Care College 82 cations are the largest Vocational Basic Health Care College Skive-… 81 Education programme in Denmark Basic Health Care College Fredericia-Vejle… 80 (Measured in numbers of students) Basic Health Care College Fyn 80 and the Basic Health Care College Fredericia-Vejle-Horsens is a popular Basic Health Care College North 80 College. The number of students Basic Health Care College 79 is increasing every year. The Basic Basic Health Care College 79 Health Care College is in the top 3 Basic Health Care College Nykøbing Falster 79 among Basic Health Care Colleges in National Average 78 Denmark in relation to the teachers teaching skills and only 10 % do not Århus Basic Health Care College 78 complete the AND after registration. Basic Health Care College Zealand 77 Basic Health Care College C 76 The Basic Health Care College Anonymous 73 scores above average in the Student Anonymous 73 Satisfaction Survey (SSS) in areas such as student satisfaction and every 68 70 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 year students from Basic Health Care College participate in the national Teaching Quality Skills competition within Health and Social Care.

Basic Health Care College Esbjerg 82 The Basic Health Care College is in Basic Health Care College Skive-Thisted… 81 the top 4 among Basic Health Care Basic Health Care College Fredericia-Vejle… 80 Colleges in Denmark in relation to Basic Health Care College Fyn 80 the colleges ability to provide good teaching abilities. Basic Health Care College North 79 Randers Basic Health Care College 79 Basic Health Care College Silkeborg 79 Basic Health Care College Nykøbing Falster 79 National Average 78 Århus Basic Health Care College 78 Basic Health Care College Zealand 78 Basic Health Care College C 77 Anonymous 75 Anonymous 71

68 70 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 Student Motivation

Basic Health Care College Esbjerg 82 The Basic Health Care College is in Basic Health Care College Skive-Thisted… 82 the top 3 among Basic Health Care Basic Health Care College Fredericia-Vejle… 82 Colleges in Denmark in relation to student motivation Basic Health Care College Fyn 82 Basic Health Care College North 81 Randers Basic Health Care College 81 Basic Health Care College Silkeborg 81 Basic Health Care College Nykøbing Falster 80 National Average 80 Århus Basic Health Care College 80 Basic Health Care College Zealand 80 Basic Health Care College C 80 Anonymous 79 Anonymous 78

68 70 72 74 76 78 80 82 84

3 BASIC HEALTH CARE COLLEGE INTERNATIONALIZATION

The Basic Health Care College of Fredericia-Vejle-Horsens is proud to be the leading college in Denmark regarding international activities. The college has a three-part strategy focusing on:

1. Mobility is about student and faculty exchange. The college receive 3. Internationalisation at home is a rather new way of creating special funding from the Danish Ministry of Education and several pro- international activities for those students that do not travel. The college grammes funded by the European Union. With this global approach the internationalisation staff are pioneers in this area using technology college is the health care college in Denmark that sends most student to connect students with students at our sister colleges. This is done and faculty abroad. Often the students will meet guest speakers coming through a platform that make the student collaborate and learn course to share knowledge and to learn about Denmark an especially the content and how to share knowledge in their international network. Danish elderly care model. The Basic Health Care College has the largest amount of sister colleges 2. Curriculum development is about creating parts of our curricu- abroad comparing with similar colleges in Denmark. All international lum in collaboration with our sister schools. An example of this is a part activities is made on the foundation of an institutional agreement which en- of the associate degree of nursing programme, which is developed in sure that the learning experience is as optimal as requested in the Danish collaboration with professors from Seminole State College in Florida, education system. USA. The content in this program is elderly care and the learning pro- cess is designed using simulation.

4 FREDERICIA • VEJLE • HORSENS • KOLDING

ICT AND LEARNING

The area of ICT and learning has been a strategic priority in the last four years videos and e-learning. When the students are, in the school setting, they will and The Basic Health Care College is the leading Health Care College in the work problem based in teams and the professor’s role is to guide the students use of ICT and Simulation. Using ICT to support students learning process is a not to teach them. specialty at The Basic Health Care College FVH. The college uses a broad vari- ety of software and internet tools such as the Microsoft Office 365 including The Basic Health Care College FVH uses the latest technology such as in- OneDrive and LMS365. teractive projectors and touchscreens and they use the latest technology in health care simulation. The aim in using ICT and learning is to enrich and accelerate the learning ex- perience. One way to do this is when our professors use a flipped classroom approach, which focuses on students receiving teaching at home through

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SIMULATION AS MEANINGFUL LEARNING

The Basic Health Care College has been awarded several times in how they implemented simulation in the curriculum and this approach have been acknowledged to be “world class” by the national institute of simulation. College President Dr. Hanne Helleshøj and Director of Simulation Hans-Henrik Johansen are right now in a process of writing a book about simulation that will be published in September 2015.

6 FREDERICIA • VEJLE • HORSENS • KOLDING

The college’s definition of simulation is: “An attempt to replicate some or nearly all of the essential aspects of a clinical situation so that the situation may be more readily understood and managed when it occurs for real in clinical practice”.

Patricia Morton Ph.D.

The college uses a broad definition regarding simulation, which is defined in these three groups:

Low fidelity simulation: High technology supported simulation Role play where students have the opportunity to teaching: step into a role where they act another person. - Interactive patient simulators and monitors Here students can practice how to handle differ- ent trade tools. An example is role-playing used With the computer’s development through the for teaching in conflict theory where students 90s, it was possible to perform complex calcu- practicing how to defuse a conflict. lations, which also got an effect on the devel- opment of equipment for simulation training. Forum Theatre which aims to create situations The calculation of the mathematical algorithms where the student will have the opportunity to makes it possible for students, to interact with the imagine new ways. By seeing other students’ simulator. A mannequin who is not breathing will behavior in forum theater they learn that there at the moment I give ventilation react. Similarly, are alternatives to how a specific situation could the high-tech mannequins register what medicine have been played out and how the individuals in I give and again react as a real patient would. the situation could have acted. Problem oriented project pedagogy and prob- Another example of high technological simulation lem-based learning based on case work where is combinations of technology. A first aid trainer students work on their own learning in a social combined with an e-learning resource and high- community. tech sensors that detect the essential actions as in Standardized patients where pupils or teachers lifesaving first aid is the difference between life and plays patient or citizen from a script. death. Students practice the first single skills in the form of ventilations, AED and compressions (CPR). Demonstration in the classroom and specialist Medium fidelity simulation: In each course the learner is receiving feedback classrooms. For example, science where students Skills Trainers combined with a tablet where through either audio or visual animations and for grow bacteria and relate this to the theories and the teacher can talk to the doll and change the example, there be enough air in ventilation are or principles of hygiene. breathing, heart rate and blood pressure. if CPR is too slow communicated this. Last stage combined individual skills to a scenario where Communication Exercises where students are Digital First Aid Coaches that visually indicates learners make an attempt at resuscitation. stepping up or de-escalate conflicts and relate whether compressions by CPR performed cor- this to the relevant theory. rectly. The system is designed for re-certification of first aid training and as a tool to maintain students Simulation of teaching English where the teacher Interactive displays where the learner can state of practice. One of the advantages is that the uses simulation packages that consist of case produce 3D models where the anatomy and phys- system measures parameters such as compression narrative as both text and sound which students iology becomes more tangible. depth and the speed at which the learner giving must write up the case. CPR. These measurements are recorded objective- Social and health Skills where students compete ly and returned to the students using a mathemat- in the knowledge skills and reflection. ical algorithm allowing the focus is on trends in the process and not small errors which are not relevant to whether the patient survives or not. 7 BASIC HEALTH CARE COLLEGE WELFARE TECHNOLOGY IN ELDERLY CARE

Welfare technology is a term that covers technologies and services that can make working procedures more efficient and enhance the quality of life of elderly, chronically ill, and disabled people. As the number of elderly people in Denmark is increasing and the number of people of working age is decreasing, there is a need for solutions that ensure an optimized use of resources, while ensuring a continued focus on welfare. That is why welfare technology is a growth area in Denmark.

Welfare technological solutions may include robotics and software systems. Product development focuses on creating intelligent systems and tools that create a better working environment for the nursing staff within the social and health care areas as well as offering security for the users, greater mobility, better opportunities for rehabilitation or the like.

The Health Care College of Fredericia-Vejle-Horsens is leading in collab- orating with local business in all parts of the welfare-technology develop- ment process. Our students interacts with these companies to see if their ideas when creating technology meets the needs in the elderly care sector and if the technology lives up to the high ethical standards when dealing with the eldest group of our community. Also our students tests prototypes and invites elderly people to try out technology and evaluate it. An example of products developed in collaboration with students is a bedpan which is more comfortable and hygienic for the elder and has much lesser impact on the environment.

THE DANISH ELDERLY CARE MODEL

The Basic Health Care College provide a well educated workforce to work in nursing homes, Home Care and hospitals. The college teach the students how to activate elder people and how to contribute in their rehabilitation process which will assure that the elderly can stay in their own homes as long as possible.

Denmark’s overall objective for long-term care policy calls for services to be based on the older person’s wants and needs. As far as possible, this ap- proach should ensure continuity in older people’s live even if they become ill and infirm. Older people in need of personal assistance and care will be of- fered help. Assistance is considered as help to recipients to help themselves, i.e. as supplementary assistance for tasks the recipient is unable to perform him- or herself. Furthermore, assistance aims at activation, its starting point being to enable the recipient to the widest extent possible to help perform as many tasks as possible.

In general, all kinds of long-term care services are available free of charge, including nursing homes, personal home care and practical help. Personal home help and practical help will be provided for people in need for care living either in their own home or in nursing dwellings or special dwellings for the elderly.

8 FREDERICIA • VEJLE • HORSENS • KOLDING THE SKILLS COMPETITION

The Basic Health Care College have been attending the competition since the beginning in 2010 and actually won the national competition a few years ago. Skills is a method used to create connections from skills Competitions to a lasting career through lifelong learning opportunities. It brings skills awareness into the classroom by creating hands-on learning opportunities for youth and it helps educators and industries to develop training systems and practices to remain relevant for the future needs of skilled professionals.

Skills is a way to combine Simulation and Gamification in which our new gen- eration of learners appreciate. The competitive approach is very stimulating and repeatedly makes students do a great effort in learning theory, skills and procedures.

TALENT DEVELOPMENT AT THE BASIC HEALTH CARE COLLEGES IN THE REGION OF SOUTHERN DENMARK

Our society needs a better educated population in all sectors – especially in the health care sector, where we see a growing ageing population and a rising comorbidity. Focusing on developing talents at the Basic Health Care Colleges we have the possibility to improve the academic and practical level overall. Talent development contributes to our image, attractiveness and recruitment.

At the Basic Health Care College Fredericia - Vejle - Horsens, Concrete initiatives in talent development project we have collaborated with numerous partners in the region, Within the the project “the talents of Southern Denmark there have on a project concerning talents in education. The content of been a number of concrete initiatives e.g: the project was to identify talent and develop new training • Development of EUX. Here you combine qualification at general methods based on talent. upper secondary level with VET qualification (two diplomas through one We define a talented student as a student who has: ­education). • The will and ability to make an effort • Bridge building with higher education (healthcare). • The environment to develop the talent • Combined training programme planned for the entire VET • The practical and/or academic skills ­programme. • Innovation as an educational method to challenge and develop the students.

In the upcoming reform of the VET system in the Denmark in 2015 it will be required for every school to have a talent programme.

9 BASICBASIC HEALTH HEALTH CARE CARE COLLEGE COLLEGE

It takes high professionalism, a good understanding of people and high degree of responsibility to complete a social and health education

Interview with the Danish Minister of Education, Christine Antorini

How important does the ministers think the health care One area that we are very focused on is to create situations educatuons are ? and environments where students have the opportunity to test and process the challenges and realities they face when The health care educations are undeniably among the most important col- they have an internship and later a job. What do the Minister lege educations in Denmark. The Danish welfare system will ongoing require think about this way of teaching – the use of simulation? an increasing number of a social and health employees with high profes- sionalism and human understanding. So there is a high level of political focus I find that there has been a great development within welfare technology on the educations. in recent years. The use of simulation is one of the areas that I find adds an enormous value. I hope it turns out that all colleges have a strong focus on using simulation in teaching. It is also a way we can be proud to show off inter- At the Basic Health Care College Fredericia Vejle Horsens, nationally. we have collaborated with numerous partners in the region, on a project concerning talents in education. The content of I am quite sure that the use of simulation also greatly helps to retain students the project was to identify talent and develop new training in education, because there is a possibility - at a very early stage - to test and methods based on talent. What are the Ministers thoughts discuss challenges and methods in a safe learning environment. Then you are on this kind of projects? better prepared for both internships and forward for a job in health care.

I think it is incredibly exciting and innovative - a good idea! I think that it is very important to highlight the talents that can help to work as ambassadors for the education. Through this we develop and lift the entire education - both now and in the future.

10 FREDERICIAFREDERICIA • VEJLE• VEJLE • HORSENS• HORSENS • KOLDING• KOLDING

Minister of Education Christine Antorini

11 BASICBASIC HEALTH HEALTH CARE CARE COLLEGE COLLEGE

The Basic Healthcare College Fredericia Vejle Horsens Each year the Basic Healthcare College attend a nation- participate in a pilot project in collaboration with a hospital wide competition - Skills - where students compete within in Fredericia. We rent a part of the hospital and use the area their field of study. What do the Ministers think about the for simulation training. What do the Minister think about use of these kinds of competitions in the education? this type of collaborations? I think that the Skills competition is an extremely good tool to highlight the I think it’s an exciting way to establish cooperation. It takes simulation a step values within the education. I myself have had the pleasure to attend the further bringing it into a very ”real” environment - an extra dimension. Good Danish Championships in social and health Skills, and once you have expe- idea! rienced the entire width of the competences, then you will never again be in doubt as to why it requires both high professionalism, a good understanding of people and high degree of responsibility to complete a social and health At the Basic Healthcare College we have several strategic education. I am deeply impressed by what I have seen, and I still hope there focus areas - one of them is internationalization. Do the Min- will be a strong focus on encouraging students to participate in the Skills isters think, it is important to have an international focus competition. within our educations?

It is essential to look outwards into the world and not just inwards toward ourselves. There is considerable international attention to the way we do social and health education in Denmark. China especially is showing a great interest in buying into our knowledge. It’s very exciting, and something we must focus on - both politically and at the individual college.

How are the Ministers thoughts on the use of foreign intern- ships ?

Part of working with international relations is also about being able to offer students internships abroad and receiving foreign students in our own schools. There is no doubt that it is very rewarding for the students to get out into the world and experience other cultures and ways of working within caring and nursing. It may help to look differently at one’s own daily life at home, it’s challenging, and it can create relationships / friendships that they can carry with them going forward. Similarly, it is exciting for the Danish students to meet foreign students when they come in internships in at our schools.

12 FREDERICIA • VEJLE • HORSENS • KOLDING FOCUS ON MEDICAL MANAGEMENT IN MUNICIPALITY

The demands made on today’s staff to keep up to date is greater than ever, and the proper handling of drugs is one of the areas where there is a rapid development.

The Department of Supplementary Education at the Basic Healthcare College Gunnel Pedersen, Development Consultant, Educational Fredericia-Vejle-Horsens has therefore developed a number of courses and Development Department, Senior Service in the Munici- which have been carried out with great success in the Municipality of Heden- pality of Hedensted: sted. ”The course has been very rewarding for our assistants. They have been pleased with the upgrading and very happy about the focus placed on them A large number of healthcare assistants within the Municipality of Hedensted as a professional group. The course has also given them the opportunity to have completed one of the specialized courses in medical management discuss experience with colleagues from other teams in the municipality. This based on the guidance of the National Board of Health within the area. The has given them additional tools to participate as skilled people in the collabo- course, which lasted five days, referred to both the review of drugs and ration around the growing complexity of citizens in the municipality. effect, responsibilities and powers as well as the staff’s own role in relation to colleagues, citizens and relatives. The participants were very happy to attend the course and there is great interest from the municipality for information on additional courses.

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DEVELOPMENT OF EMPLOYEES COMPETENCE IN ELDERLY CARE WITH A FOCUS ON INITIATIVES DIRECTED TOWARDS DEMENTIA

The number of citizens who are affected by dementia, has been strongly treatment is intervention care, and here it is extremely important that staff increased in several years. This places great demands on the health care have a high level of knowledge about the therapies that are best suited for staff - both under the care and compared to identify and track down people the individual citizen. On our courses we use the English psychology professor with signs of dementia as early as possible. Fredericia Municipality has Tom Kitwoods theories based on looking at the whole person and the life chosen to send all employees in the municipal care centers on a course in situation of this person. From that we can establish a coherent model of how skills development in the field of dementia. The course is specifically focused the personality, life history and the neurological changes in the brain affects on contributing knowledge to how people with Alzheimer’s dementia can how each person can develop during the course of illness. ” increase quality of life. There course has been popular and feedback is that the participants got a Lene Emma Rasmussen, teaches at the Basic Health Care College: great toolkit to analyze and work with citizen behavior within the dementia ”Today it is not possible to cure dementia, so that the citizen can return to area. the same level as before the illness began. Therefore the most important

14 FREDERICIA • VEJLE • HORSENS • KOLDING CV AND BOOK PUBLISHING

The President of the Basic Health Care College, Hanne Helleshøj, has published numerous articles and publications. Below is listed a selection of these.

President Hanne Helleshøj has many years of experience within the Health Care field and has held numerous important senior positions eg. as president at the school for dental assistants and dental care at Universi- ty, president at University College South, President at the Frøbelseminariet president at the Nursing Professional Diploma Studies at the National Nurs- ing School and president at the Nursing School in Silkeborg.

In addition, Hanne Helleshøj attend a number of boards and committees and has also been a member of the Danish government’s health education Hanne Helleshøj council under the Ministry of Education. Hans-Henrik Johansen President Director of Simulation and Hanne Helleshøj is a trained nurse and also holds a Ph.D. degree in educa- Internationalization tion and psychology.

HANNE HELLESHØJ, HANS-HENRIK JOHANSEN M.FL.

Bibliography

1. Reason and emotion and pedagogical practice Master Thesis The Pedagogical University of Denmark.

2. Ausbildungsgänge in PflegeWissenschaften und Pflege- pädagogik in Dänemark. I: Zur Professionalisierung der Pflege. Leuchtturm-Verlag, Tyskland.

3. Educating Nursing Personel – whose needs does it serve? Who defines the needs? Learning og Nursing Practice with Respect to Patient needs. Conference report. European Conference on Nursing Administration. , .

4. The pedagogic dimension in nursing. Red.: Janne Lyngaa. Publisher Munksgaard. Will be published in September 2015.

5. Dale, Erling Lars and Hanne Helleshøj: Directions for good Simulation education within the Health Care sector. Red.: John Juul Eriksen og Lise Hounsgaard. Publisher Gyldendal. I sundhedsuddannelserne

6. The pedagogical dimension of the nursing profession Red. Janne Lyngaa. Pubslisher Munksgaard.

7. The key to development of the Health Care educations. MUNKSGAARD The Danish Ministry of Education.

8. Pr ofession og professionalism Publiced in the Magazine – Education 3. The Danish Ministry of Education. College President Hanne Helleshoej and Director of Simulation Hans-Henrik Johansen is right now in a process of writing a book about simulation that will be published in September 2015.

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