Chromosome Numbers of 50 Vascular Plants in South Korea

Journal of Asia-Paciﬁc Biodiversity xxx (2016) 1e9

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Short communication Chromosome numbers of 50 vascular plants in South Korea

Gyu-Young Chung a, Bo-mi Nam a, Mi-Jung Choi b, Hyeon-Do Jang c, Hyeok-Jae Choi b,*, Byoung-Un Oh c a School of Bioresource Science, Andong National University, Andong, South Korea b Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Gyeongnam, South Korea c Department of Biology, Chungbuk National University, Cheungju, South Korea article info abstract

Article history: Variation or constancy in the chromosome number within taxa of different categories have been proven to be Received 29 March 2016 important characters for taxonomic groupings. In order to expand the current knowledge on somatic chro- Received in revised form mosome numbers of South Korean vascular plants, chromosome counts were made for 50 species (38 genera 27 June 2016 of 17 families). The ﬁrst chromosome information for Glaux maritima var. obtusifolia Fernald, Hemerocallis Accepted 23 August 2016 hakuunensis Nakai, Hylotelephium verticillatum (L.) H. Ohba, Orostachys iwarenge f. magnus Y.N. Lee, and Available online xxx Teucrium viscidum var.miquelianum(Maxim.) Hara is presented. New chromosome numbers compared with previous studies are also counted in Aconitum pseudolaeve Nakai, Securinega suffruticosa (Pall.) Rehder, and Keywords: chromosome numbers Tricyrtis macropoda Miq., respectively. In addition, Eupatorium japonicum Thunb. is proven to show polyploidy South Korea with tetra- and pentaploid. Among studied species, the diploids (66%) and tetraploids (24%) prevail. vascular plants Copyright Ó 2016, National Science Museum of Korea (NSMK) and Korea National Arboretum (KNA). Production and hosting by Elsevier. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Introduction and staining with 1% acetoeorcein for 8 hours, the material was squashed for observation in 45% acetic acid. More than 10 chro- Usually, all individuals within a species possess the same chromosome micrographs were observed for each accession using an mosome number (CN). However, plants with different CNs are not optical microscope (Olympus AX-70). Semipermanent microscope frequently found within the bounds of one taxonomic species slides and photographs of representative cells have been retained (Friesen 1992). In angiosperms, the haploid chromosome number in the plant taxonomy laboratory of the Changwon National Uni- varies between n ¼ 2andn ¼ 132, but the majority of them show a versity, South Korea. Voucher specimens are preserved in the Korea range between n ¼ 7andn ¼ 12 (Sharma 2009). Variation or con- National Herbarium. The ﬁrst chromosome data for the species are stancy in the CN within taxa of different categories have been proven indicated by (*), and the new CNs are marked with (!). Previously to be important characters for taxonomic groupings (Sharma 2009). published results (PCN) and basic CN (BCN) for the genus are also In order to expand the current knowledge on somatic CNs, we pre- presented based on the references. sent results of a CN study of plant species from South Korea.

Results Materials and methods Aizoaceae Shoot tips were pretreated in 0.002M 8-hydroxyquinoline for 1. Tetragonia tetragonioides (Pall.) Kuntze, 2n [ 4x [ 32 4e6 hours in total darkness at 4C and then fixed in Carnoy’s fluid (Figure 1A) (three parts absolute ethanol: one part glacial acetic acid, volume/ Voucher. Uljin-gun (Ugihang)-130602-001. [PCN]: 2n ¼ 16 volume) for 1 hour at room temperature 23C. The shoot tips were (Dequan and Hartmann 2003), 2n ¼ 32 (Beuzenberg and Hair macerated in 1M hydrochloric acid at 60C for 10e15 seconds. After 1959). [BCN]: x ¼ 8(Darlington and Wylie 1945; Hsu 1968). washing three to five times to eliminate residual hydrochloric acid

Asclepiadaceae * þ Corresponding author. Tel. 82 55 213 3457. [ E-mail address: [email protected] (H.-J. Choi). 2. Cynanchum paniculatum (Bunge) Kitag. ex H. Hara, 2n 2x [ Peer review under responsibility of National Science Museum of Korea (NSMK) and 22 Korea National Arboretum (KNA). (Figure 1B) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.japb.2016.08.001 pISSN2287-884X eISSN2287-9544/Copyright Ó 2016, National Science Museum of Korea (NSMK) and Korea National Arboretum (KNA). Production and hosting by Elsevier. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Please cite this article in press as: Chung G-Y, et al., Chromosome numbers of 50 vascular plants in South Korea, Journal of Asia-Paciﬁc Biodiversity (2016), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.japb.2016.08.001 2 GY Chung et al. / Journal of Asia-Paciﬁc Biodiversity xxx (2016) 1e9

Figure 1. Mitotic metaphase chromosomes of vascular plants in South Korea: A, Tetragonia tetragonoides (Pall.) Kuntze; B, Cynanchum paniculatum (Bunge) Kitag; C, Impatiens textori Miq; D, Chenopodium album var. centrorubrum Makino; E, C. ficifolium Smith; F, C. glaucum L; G, Salicornia europaea L; H, Salsola komarovii Iljin; I, Suaeda japonica Makino; J, K, Eupatorium japonicum Thunb; L, Lactuca indica L; M, Saussurea gracilis Maxim; N, Solidago virgaurea subsp. gigantean (Nakai) Kitam; O, Hylotelephium verticillatum (L.) H. Ohba; P, Orostachys iwarenge f. magnus Y. N. Lee; Q, Sedum latiovalifolium Y. N. Lee; R, Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum (Desv.) Und. ex Heller; S, Euphorbia ebracteolata Hayata; T, E. esula L; U, E. jolkini Boiss; V, E. pekinensis Rupr; W, E. sieboldiana Morren & Decne; X, Securinega suffruticosa (Pall.) Rehder. Please cite this article in press as: Chung G-Y, et al., Chromosome numbers of 50 vascular plants in South Korea, Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity (2016), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.japb.2016.08.001 GY Chung et al. / Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity xxx (2016) 1e9 3

Figure 2. Mitotic metaphase chromosomes of vascular plants in South Korea: A, Geranium eriostemon Fisher ex DC; B, G. koreanum Kom; C, G. sibiricum L; D, G. thunbergii Siebold & Zucc; E, G. wilfordii Maxim; F, Ajuga spectabilis Nakai; G, Teucrium viscidum var. miquelianum (Maxim.) Hara; H, Lespedeza pilosa (Thunb.) Siebold & Zucc; I, Thermopsis lupinoides (L.)

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Voucher. Uiryeong-gun (Hanusan)-140702-007. [PCN]: 2n ¼ 22 Voucher. Bonghwa-gun (Cheongnyang-san)-140905-211. [PCN]: (Probatova 2000). [BCN]: x ¼ 11 (Kwon 2013). 2n ¼ 30, 31, 40, 50 (Huziwara 1955). [BCN]: x ¼ 10, 17 (Darlington and Wylie 1945). Balsaminaceae 3. Impatiens textori Miq., 2n [ 2x [ 20 11. Lactuca indica L., 2n [ 2x [ 18 (Figure 1C) (Figure 1L) Voucher. Geoje-si (Samgeo-dong)-140816-001 (Korea National Voucher. Gimcheon-si (Daedeok-san)-130505-038. [PCN]: Herbarium). [PCN]: 2n ¼ 20 (Lee 1967; Iwatsubo and Naruhashi 2n ¼ 18 (Peng and Hsu 1977, 1978; Yan et al 1995). [BCN]: x ¼ 8, 9 1999). [BCN]: x ¼ 7, 8, 9, 10 (Darlington and Wylie 1945). (Park 2007b).

Chenopodiaceae 12. Saussurea gracilis Maxim., 2n [ 2x [ 26 [ [ 4. Chenopodium album var. centrorubrum Makino, 2n 6x 54 (Figure 1M) (Figure 1D) Voucher.Sinan-gun(Daeheuksando)-100805-043. [PCN]: 2n ¼ 26 Voucher. Andong-si (Songcheon-dong)-130601-002. [PCN]: (Shimizu 1977). [BCN]: x ¼ 9, 13 (Darlington and Wylie 1945). 2n ¼ 54 (Tanaka and Tanaka 1980). [BCN]: x ¼ 9(Chung et al 2011). 13. Solidago virgaurea subsp. gigantean (Nakai) Kitam., 2n [ 2x ﬁ [ [ 5. C. cifolium Sm., 2n 2x 18 [ 18 (Figure 1E) (Figure 1N) ¼ Voucher. Andong-si (Songcheon-dong)-130601-001. [PCN]: 2n 18 Voucher. Ulleung-gun (Seonginbongwonsirim)-090831-014. [PCN]: (Bouchard et al 1978; Gervais 1979a; Schwarzova 1978, 1980; 2n ¼ 18 (Huziwara 1962). [BCN]: x ¼ 9(Szymura and Szymura 2013). Dvorak et al 1980; Buttler 1989; Turala-Sybowska 1991; Lomono- sova and Krasnikov 1994; Dobea et al 1997; Al-Turki et al 1999, Crassulaceae ¼ 2000; Probatova et al 1998; Rahiminejad and Gornall 2004), 2n 14. (*) Hylotelephium verticillatum (L.) H. Ohba, 2n [ 4x [ 48 18, 36 (Kawatani and Ohno 1962; Dvorak 1989). (Figure 1O) Voucher. Mungyeong-si (Dundeok-san)-140827-089. [BCN]: 6. C. glaucum L., 2n [ 2x [ 18 x ¼ 11, 12 (Park 2007c). (Figure 1F) ¼ Voucher. Andong-si (Yak-san)-130521-001. [PCN]: 2n 18 15. (*) Orostachys iwarenge f. magnus Y. N. Lee, 2n [ 4x [ 48 (Murin and Schwarzova 1976; Gervais 1979a; Murin et al 1980; (Figure 1P) Pogan 1980; Tanaka and Tanaka 1980; Dvorak et al 1980; Voucher. Ulleung-gun (Dodong-ri)-140717-001. [BCN]: x ¼ 12 Arohonka 1982; Parfenov and Dmitrieva 1988; Dvorak 1989; (Park 2007d). Mesicek and Jarolimova 1992; Lomonosova and Krasnikov 1994; Al-Turki et al 1999, 2000; Lovkvist and Hultgard 1999; 16. Sedum latiovalifolium Y. N. Lee, 2n [ 4x [ 64 Lomonosova et al 2003; Rahiminejad and Gornall 2004; Rahi- (Figure 1Q) minejad 2006), 2n ¼ 36 (Schwarzova 1980; Lomonosova and Voucher. Yeongwol-gun (Manhangjae)-140514-002. [PCN]: Krasnikov 2006). 2n ¼ 64 (Lee and Kim 2008). [BCN]: x ¼ 4, 5, 6, 7, etc. (Darlington and Wylie 1945). 7. Salicornia europaea L., 2n [ 2x [ 18 (Figure 1G) Dennstaedtiaceae ¼ Voucher. Haenam-gun (Songho-ri)-130712-001. [PCN]: 2n 18 17. Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum (Desv.) Underw. ex A. (Borgen and Elven 1983; Zakharyeva 1985; Gervais and Cayouette Heller, 2n [ 2x [ 104 1985; Leque 1985; Lomonosova and Krasnikov 1993; Al-Turki (Figure 1R) ¼ et al 1999; Krasnikov and Schaulo 2004), 2n 18, 36 (Wolff and Voucher. Gimcheon-si (Daedeok-san)-130629-042. [PCN]: ¼ Jefferies 1987). [BCN]: x 9(Ghaffari et al 2006). 2n ¼ 104 (Love and Love 1976). [BCN]: x ¼ 52 (Shefﬁeld et al 1993).

8. Salsola komarovii Iljin, 2n [ 4x [ 36 Euphorbiaceae (Figure 1H) 18. Euphorbia ebracteolata Hayata, 2n [ 2x [ 20 Voucher. Haenam-gun (Songho-ri)-130712-002. [PCN]: 2n ¼ 36 (Figure 1S) (Nishikawa 1985a; Lamonosova 2005). [BCN]: x ¼ 9(Xiaowei et al Voucher. Mungyeong-si (Noejeong)-130410-001. [PCN]: 2n ¼ 20 2009). (Nishikawa 1990; Chung et al 2003). [BCN]: x ¼ 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14 (Chung et al 2003; Darlington and Wylie 1945). 9. Suaeda japonica Makino, 2n [ 2x [ 18 (Figure 1I) 19. E. esula L., 2n [ 2x [ 20 Voucher. Suncheon-si (Suncheon-man)-140708-003. [PCN]: 2n ¼ 18 (Figure 1T) (Hara and Kurosawa 1963). [BCN]: x ¼ 9(Ebrahimzadeh et al 1994). Voucher. Andong-si (Angi-dong)-130427-001. [PCN]: 2n ¼ 16 (Van Loon and Jong 1978), 2n ¼ 20 (Molero and Rovira 1992; Chung Compositae et al 2003), 2n ¼ 60 (Bauer 1971; Dobes and Vitek 2000), 2n ¼ 64 10. Eupatorium japonicum Thunb., 2n [ 4x [ 40, 5x [ 50 (Gadella and Kliphuis 1968; Hurusawa and Shimoyama 1976), (Figures 1J and 1K). 2n ¼ 48e64 (Schulz schaeffer and Gerhardt 1987).

Link; J, Vicia unijuga A. Braun; K, Wisteria ﬂoribunda (Willd.) DC; L, Hemerocallis hakuunensis Nakai; M, Lilium lacifolium Thumb; N, Polygonatum involucratum (Franch. & Sav.) Maxim; O, Smilacina japonica A. Gray; P, Tricyrtis macropoda Miq; Q, Oxalis corniculata L; R, O. obtriangulata Maxim; S, Glaux maritima var. obtusifolia Fernald; T, Primula jesoana Miq; U, P. sieboldii E. Morren; V, Aconitum pseudolaeve Nakai; W, Cimicifuga heracleifolia var. biﬁda Nakai; X, Hepatica asiatica Nakai.

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20. E. jolkinii Boiss., 2n [ 2x [ 28 Voucher. Yangyang-gun (Irwol-san)-130705-003. [PCN]: 2n ¼ 28 (Figure 1U) (Probatova and Sokolovskaya 1988; Nishikawa 1990). Voucher. Seogwipo-si (Bomokpogu)-01401-001. [PCN]: 2n ¼ 28 (Chung et al 2003). Labiatae 29. Ajuga spectabilis Nakai, 2n [ 32 21. E. pekinensis Rupr., 2n [ 2x [ 28 (Figure 2F) (Figure 1V) Voucher. Bonghwa-gun (Seondal-san)-140624-479. [PCN]: Voucher. Gochang-gun (Ungukseupji)-130704-001. [PCN]: 2n ¼ 30, 32 (Lee 1967). [BCN]: x ¼ unknown. 2n ¼ 28, 56 (Hurusawa and Shimoyama 1976; Chung et al 2003). 30. (*) Teucrium viscidum var. miquelianum (Maxim.) Hara, 2n 22. E. sieboldiana C. Morren & Decne., 2n [ 2x [ 20 [ 6x [ 30 (Figure 1W) (Figure 2G) Voucher. Bonghwa-gun (Cheongnyang-san)-130413-001. [PCN]: Voucher. Sinan-gun (Daeheuksando)-100803-100. [BCN]: x ¼ 5, 8, 2n ¼ 20 (Hurusawa and Shimoyama 1976; Starodubtsev 1985; 13 (Martin et al 2006). Chung et al 2003). Leguminosae [ [ 23. (!) Securinega suffruticosa (Pall.) Rehder, 2n [ 4x [ 24 31. Lespedeza pilosa (Thunb.) Siebold & Zucc., 2n 2x 20 (Figure 1X) (Figure 2H) Voucher. Bonghwa-gun (Myeon-san)-130610-001. [PCN]: 2n ¼ 12 Voucher. Tongyeong-si (Mireuk-san)-140717-001. [PCN]: ¼ þ ¼ (Starodubtsev 1989), 2n ¼ 26 (Probatova and Sokolovskaya 1986). 2n 18 2(Lee 1970), 2n 20 (Kondo et al 1977; Kodama 1989). ¼ [BCN]: x ¼ 6(Darlington & Wylie 1945). [BCN]: x 9, 10, 11 (Darlington and Wylie 1945; Weyland 1968).

Geraniaceae 32. Thermopsis lupinoides (L.) Link, 2n [ 2x [ 18 24. Geranium eriostemon Fisher ex DC., 2n [ 2x [ 28 (Figure 2I) (Figure 2A) Voucher. Bonghwa-gun (Seondal-san)-140624-479. [PCN]: Voucher. Muju-gun (Deogyu-san)-140604-001. [PCN]: 2n ¼ 28 2n ¼ 18 (Probatova and Sokolovskaya 1981; Nishikawa 1981; (Krogulevich 1978; Probatova and Sokolovskaya 1981). [BCN]: Pavlova et al 1989; Shatalova 2000). [BCN]: x ¼ 9(Darlington and x ¼ 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 23, 25 (Darlington and Wylie 1945; Aedo Wylie 1945). et al 1998). 33. Vicia unijuga A. Braun, 2n [ 4x [ 24 25. G. koreanum Kom., 2n [ 2x [ 28 (Figure 2J) (Figure 2B) Voucher. Sinan-gun (Daeheuksando)-101002-099. [PCN]: 2n ¼ 12 Voucher. Danyang-gun (Sobaek-san yeonhwabong)-110708-167. (Krogulevich 1978; Probatova and Rudyka 1981; Bir and Kumari [PCN]: 2n ¼ 28þ2B (Lee 1967). 1981; Liu 1986, 1988; Luo and Wang 1989; Pavlova et al 1989; Yan et al 1989; Krasnikov and Schaulo 1990; Nikiforova 1990; Li et al ¼ 26. G. sibiricum L., 2n [ 2x [ 28 1991; Wang and Zhang 1992; Wang et al 1995), 2n 24 (Figure 2C) (Nishikawa 1985b; Rudyka 1986; Li et al 1991; Wang et al 1995), ¼ Voucher. Yeongwol-gun (Taehwa-san)-010823-001. [PCN]: 2n 12, 24, 36 (Lee 1972; Hanelt and Mettin 1989; Bisht et al 1998). ¼ 2n ¼ 28 (Mizianty et al 1981; Probatova et al 1996; Albers and [BCN]: x 5, 6, 7 (Nam et al 2012; Darlington and Wylie 1945). Probsting 1998; Probatova 2005). 34. Wisteria ﬂoribunda (Willd.) DC., 2n [ 2x [ 16 27. G. thunbergii Siebold ex Lindl. & Paxton, 2n [ 2x [ 28 (Figure 2K) ¼ (Figure 2D) Voucher. Yangsan-si (Jeongjok-san)-090510-042. [PCN]: 2n 16, ¼ Voucher. Yangyang-gun (Irwol-san)-130705-004. [PCN]: 2n ¼ 28 24 (Matsuura 1937). [BCN]: x 8(Darlington and Wylie 1945). (Nishikawa 1985b). Liliaceae 35. (*) Hemerocallis hakuunensis Nakai, 2n [ 2x [ 22 28. G. wilfordii Maxim., 2n [ 2x [ 28 (Figure 2L) (Figure 2E)

Figure 3. Mitotic metaphase chromosomes of vascular plants in South Korea. A, Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb; B, Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz; C, Orixa japonica Thunb.

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Voucher. Danyang-gun (Sobaeksan, Yeonhwabong)-110708-135. Ranunculaceae [BCN]: x ¼ 11 (Xiao 2008). 45. (!) Aconitum pseudolaeve Nakai, 2n [ 4x [ 32 (Figure 2V) 36. Lilium lancifolium Thunb., 2n [ 3x [ 36 Voucher. Danyang-gun (Sobaeksan, Yeonhwabong)-110819-044. (Figure 2M) [PCN]: 2n ¼ 16 (Kim et al 2011), [BCN]: x ¼ 8(Duffell 2009). Voucher. Sinan-gun (Daeheuksando)-100624-032. [PCN]: 2n ¼ 24 (Lee 1967; Noda and Hayashi 1989; Probatova et al 46. Cimicifuga heracleifolia var. biﬁda Nakai, 2n [ 2x [ 16 2001), 2n ¼ 36 (Zhang et al 1993, Yang et al 1996; Tolgor and (Figure 2W) Liu 1996), 2n ¼ 24, 36 (Noda and Li 1980; Noda 1986; Sun Voucher. Yeongcheon-si (Bohyeon-san)-140627-033. [PCN]: et al 2002), 2n ¼ 36þ0-1B (Noda et al 2004). [BCN]: x ¼ 12 2n ¼ 16 (Lee and Park 1998). [BCN]: x ¼ 8(Darlington and Wylie (Lim 2000). 1945).

37. Polygonatum involucratum (Franch. & Sav.) Maxim., 2n [ 2x 47. Hepatica asiatica Nakai, 2n [ 2x [ 14 [ 18 (Figure 2X) (Figure 2N) Voucher. Daegu-si (Sangwon-san)-130424-017. [PCN]: 2n ¼ 14 Voucher. Bonghwa-gun (Seondal-san)-140624-479. [PCN]: (Probatova and Sokolovskaya 1988; Weiss et al 2002). [BCN]: x ¼ 7 2n ¼ 18 (Kim and Kim 1979; Wang et al 1987; Tamura 1990; Jang (Weiss-Schneeweiss et al 2007). et al 1998), 2n ¼ 20, 22 (Lee 1967). [BCN]: x ¼ 9, 10, 11, 14 (Darlington and Wylie 1945). Rosaceae 48. Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb., 2n [ 8x [ 56 38. Smilacina japonica A. Gray, 2n [ 4x [ 36 (Figure 3A) (Figure 2O) Voucher. Danyang-gun (Sobaeksan, Je2yeonhwabong)-110819- Voucher. Sinan-gun (Gageodo)-100425-004. [PCN]: 2n ¼ 36 047. [PCN]: 2n ¼ 28 (Czapick 1989; Pogan et al 1990), 2n ¼ 56 (Hong and Zhu 1987; Hong and Sauer 1990; Jang et al 1998; (Semerenko 1990; Krasnikov 1991; Stepanov and Muratova 1992; Tagashira et al 1999). [BCN]: x ¼ 9(Darlington and Wylie 1945). Probatova et al 2001), 2n ¼ 56, 70 (Stepanov and Muratova 1995). [BCN]: x ¼ 7(Darlington and Wylie 1945). 39. (!) Tricyrtis macropoda Miq., 2n [ 2x [ 22 (Figure 2P) Rutaceae [ [ Voucher. Yeongju-si (Sobaeksan, Yeonhwadong)-110902-012. 49. Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz., 2n 2x 36 [PCN]: 2n ¼ 26 (Lee 1967; Nakamura 1968; Bharathan et al 1994). (Figure 3B) ¼ [BCN]: x ¼ 8e13 (Peruzzi et al 2009). Voucher. Bonghwa-gun (Myobong)-130520-001. [PCN]: 2n 36 (Vickery Jr and Miller 2008). [BCN]: x ¼ 18 (Chung et al 2006). Oxalidaceae 40. Oxalis corniculata L., 2n [ 4x [ 24 50. Orixa japonica Thunb., 2n [ 2x [ 34 (Figure 2Q) (Figure 3C) Voucher. Andong-si (Songcheon-dong)-130520-001. [PCN]: Voucher. Seoguipo-si (Hanmeoul Gotjawan)-140506-012. [PCN]: 2n ¼ 12, 16, 32 (Xu et al 1992), 2n ¼ 24 (Rutland 1941), 2n ¼ 44 2n ¼ 34 (Hsu et al 1994), 2n ¼ 40 (Guerra 1984). [BCN]: x ¼ 17 (Hsu (Sidhu and Bir 1983), 2n ¼ 48 (Murin and Sheikh 1971; Letz et al et al 1994). 1999; Probatova 2000; Nair and Kuriachan 2004). [BCN]: x ¼ 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11 (Azkue 2000; Darlington and Wylie 1945). Acknowledgments

41. O. obtriangulata Maxim., 2n [ 2x [ 18 This paper was supported by a research project (Grant Number (Figure 2R) KNA 1-5, 11-2; Project title: “National project of the biological Voucher. Bonghwa-gun (Hongjesa)-130412-002. [PCN]: 2n ¼ 18 collection in the Korean peninsula”) of the Korea National (Lee 1969). Arboretum.

Primulaceae References 42. (*) Glaux maritima var. obtusifolia Fernald, 2n [ 2x [ 30 (Figure 2S) Aedo C, Aldasoro JJ, Navarro C. 1998. Taxonomic revision of Geranium Sections Voucher. Yangyang-gun (Pomaeho)-140521-002. [BCN]: x ¼ 15 Batrachioidea and Divaricate (Geraniaceae). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 85:594e630. (Darlington and Wylie 1945). Albers F, Probsting W. 1998. In: Weisskirchen R, Haeupler H, editors. Standardliste der Farn-und Blutenpflanzen Deutschlands. Stuttgart: Bundesamt für Naturschutz [ [ & Verlag Eugen Ulmer. p. 765. 43. Primula jesoana Miq., 2n 2x 24 Al-Turki TA, Filfilan SA, Mehmood SF. 2000. A cytological study of flowering from (Figure 2T) Saudi Arabia. Willdenowia 30:339e358. Voucher. Bonghwa-gun (Myeon-san)-120511-011. [PCN]: 2n ¼ 23, Al-Turki TA, Filfilan SA, Mehmood SF. 1999. IOPB Chromosome data 15. Newsletter ¼ ¼ International Organization of Plant Biosystematists 31:11e17. 24 (Lee 1967), 2n 24 (Probatova 2006). [BCN]: x 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, Arohonka T. 1982. Chromosome counts of vascular plants of the island seili in 13 (Park 2007a; Darlington and Wylie 1945). Nauvo, southwestern Finland. Turun Yliopiston Julkaisuja: Sarja A II. Biologia- Geographica 3:1e12. [ [ Azkue DD. 2000. Chromosome diversity of South American Oxlis (Oxalidaceae). 44. P. sieboldii E. Morren, 2n 4x 36 Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 132:143e152. (Figure 2U) Bauer Z. 1971. Karyological studies in the genus Euphorbia L. II. Acta Biologica Cra- Voucher. Bonghwa-gun (Cheongnyang-san)-140415-052. [PCN]: coviensia Series Botanica 14:159e178. ¼ ¼ Beuzenberg EJ, Hair JB. 1959. Contributions to a chromosome atlas of the New 2n 22 (Murin et al 1980; Lee 1967), 2n 24, 29 (Yamaguchi 1981), Zealand flora-3: Miscellaneous families. New Zealand Journal of Science and 2n ¼ 24, 29, 36, 48 (Lee 1967). technology 2:531e538.

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