GENDER MAINSTREAMING IN PRACTICE A Toolkit Gender Mainstreaming in Practice: A Toolkit There is no copyright attached to this publication. It may be reproduced in whole or in part without prior permission from the United Nations Development Programme. However, the source must be acknowledged. 3rd Edition 2007. 2nd Edition, 2004. 1st edition published 2002. This publication is available in English and Russian and can be downloaded on the Internet: www. undp.org/europeandcis The Toolkit was commissioned by the Regional Programme of the United Nations Development Pro- gramme’s Regional Bureau for Europe and the CIS (UNDP RBEC). Grösslingova 35 811 09 Bratislava Slovak Republic Tel: +421 (2) 59337 111 Fax: +421 (2) 59337 450 ISBN: 978-92-9504-267-4 Cover and design: Glen Brooker Layout and print: Renesans, s.r.o., Bratislava Slovak Republic 2 Gender Mainstreaming in Practice: A Toolkit Gender Mainstreaming in Practice: A Toolkit Managing editor: Nadja Dolata Lead Author: Astrida Niemanis Core team: Dono Abdurazakova, Shannon Brooker, Anneli Gustafsson, Mamura Nasirova, Jafar Ja- van, Louise Sperl Chapter authors/revisions: Marina Blagojevic, Vanessa Farr, LeeNah Hsu, Armine Ishkanian, Larissa Kapitsa, Nevena Kulic, Louise Nylin, Olga Pietruchova, Elizabeth Villagomez, Theresa Weber, Lara Yacob. Language editors: Peter Serenyi, John Tessitore Consultations and reading groups: Jonathan Brooks, Illaria Carnevali, Geordie Coleville, Mark Collins, Janka Geckova, Riet Groenen, Ka- trin Kinzelbach, John Macauley, Nick Maddock, Vladimir Mikhalev, Susanne Milcher, Mark Mozur, Ma- rina Olshanskaya, Holger Osterrieder, Katy Shroff, Louise Sperl, Robert Thompson, Gina Volynsky. Peer Review: Kleljia Balta, Elisabeth Clemens, Anastasia Divinskaya, Tony Hudgins, Charita Jashi, Zoya Khotkina, Richard Marshall, Kalyani Menon-Sen, Roohi Metcalfe, Koh Miyaoi, Geoff Prewitt, Kamal Rijal, Bharati Siliwal, Armin Sirco, Ramaswamy Sudarshan, Jocelyne Talbot, Alina Ostling, Julien Pellaux. Case studies: UNIFEM CIS; UNIFEM SEE; Ruba Al Hassan, Klelija Balta, Sandra Bareyre, Berna Bayazit, Valentina Bu- drug-Lungu, Natia Cherkezishvili, Vesna Ciprus, Geordie Colville, Anastasia Divinskaya, Shanti Faiia, Pavlina Filipova, Samra Filipovic Hadziabdic, Annika Flensburg, Nune Harutyunyan, Evgenia Ivano- va, Zuzanna Jezerska, Galina Kalinaeva, Spomenka Krunic, Yelena Kudryavtseva, Entela Lako, Dina Loghin, Flora Macula, Wariara Mbugua, Madhavi Malalgoda Ariyabandu, Alina Ostling, Julien Pel- laux, Tara-Lisa Persaud, Shirley Randell, Farrukh Shoimardonov, Ruta Svarinskaite, Armin Sirco, Yesim Oruc, Yasemin Uyar, Cecilia Valdivieso, Ana Vukovic. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily represent those of the member countries of UNDP’s executive Board or the Institutions of the United Nations. The publication is an independent prod- uct comissiened by UNDP. It is the result of a collaborative effort by a team of consultants, advisors and authors coordinated by the UNDP Core Team. 3 Gender Mainstreaming in Practice: A Toolkit Foreword At the turn of the millennium, gender mainstreaming was a relatively new concept in Eastern and Southern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). Activists, policy makers, and legislators who were concerned with securing greater equality between women and men had made many advances in terms of putting women’s rights on the legislative agenda, but integrating a gen- der perspective into all areas of policy and decision-making was lagging far behind. This was the main impetus for creating the first edition of Gender Mainstreaming in Practice: A Handbook. When this handbook was first tested with practitioners in the summer of 2001, the response was tre- mendous. Acknowledged as a unique collection of practical guidelines and theoretical background information that provided a necessary hand-hold for taking up the challenge of gender mainstream- ing in day-to-day work, the Handbook was translated fully or partially into many languages of the region, including Albanian, Latvian, Russian, Ukrainian, Turkmen, Uzbek, Slovak and Romanian, to name just a few. A modestly updated second edition was published to meet demand. Considerable progress has been made in the area of gender equality in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe and the CIS since Gender Mainstreaming in Practice: A Handbook was first published. Yet, this has been matched by new circumstances and emerging challenges. This shifting terrain has demanded that our strategies for enhancing gender equality be flexible, innovative, and persistent. It has become clear that the potential of gender mainstreaming is great and that it could be explored in new ways to do an even better job of meeting the needs of users. In addition, the demand from practitioners in both UNDP offices and our government counterpart institutions for effective tools that can facilitate gender mainstreaming has remained high. Therefore, in the summer of 2005, an experts’ group meeting was convened in Bratislava. Based on the results of a survey of Handbook users and the experts’ own recommendations, a major overhaul to the Handbook was initiated. This meeting marked the beginning of a two-year review and revision process made possible by the financial support of the Bureau for Development Policy, Gender Thematic Trust Fund. It is with great pleasure – and with renewed dedication to improving the lives of women and men, girls and boys in the region – that we bring you the third edition of Gender Mainstreaming in Practice. The handbook has been expanded to become a Toolkit to include a larger diversity of tools, as it was acknowledged that not all sections would be relevant in all situations. The Toolkit is divided into two parts: the first of these is comprised of the methodological sections. Part two including the Gender Briefs has been made available to you on CD. In an effort to make the Toolkit regionally specific and practically oriented, approximately 25 actual case studies of experiences in gender mainstreaming and gender initiatives from throughout the region have been collected and integrated into the Toolkit. A revised and expanded Introduction has been included that places gender mainstreaming firmly in the context of gender equality chal- lenges and opportunities in Europe and the CIS. The section on 10 Steps for Integrating Gender Mainstreaming in Your Work has been significantly edited and expanded to include case studies and examples relevant to the region. A new section Gender Equality: Basic Principles has been added as a “primer” for users with less familiarity with the key concepts and theories that ground gender equality policy. Gender Analysis: A Brief Guide is no longer an annex but a section in its own right. It has been substantially reworked and revised, and includes new case studies and exam- ples. The collection of Gender Briefs includes new briefs on HIV/AIDS, Private Sector Development, Energy and Environment and significantly revised versions of Labour, Poverty and Macroeconomics and Trade. The brief on the Military and Defence has been revised to include a wider crises preven- tion and recovery perspective. All of the Briefs have been updated and revised by experts. 4 Gender Mainstreaming in Practice: A Toolkit Finally, we found that the work of collecting case studies and examples in the region was more chal- lenging than expected. While we collected many useful examples of gender interventions, the rare examples of fully mainstreamed projects underscored the fact that we still have a long way to go in mainstreaming gender into the projects and programmes. There is a large need to scale up the work on gender both on the regional and global levels. As you can see from the list of acknowledgements, the production of this toolkit has demanded the work and devotion of many people during its drafting, peer review, and editing phases. We are tre- mendously grateful to everyone who shared their perspectives and skills through comments, feed- back and advice, to make the toolkit into the diverse and rich collection of knowledge that it is. Olav Kjorven Kori Udovicki Assistant Administrator and Director, Assistant Administrator and Director, Bureau for Development Policy Regional Bureau for Europe and the CIS 5 Contents Introduction: Gender Mainstreaming in Southern and Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States .........9 Part I Ten Steps to Gender Mainstreaming Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 25 STEP 1: A Mainstreaming Approach to Stakeholders: Who Are the Decision Makers? ...................................................................... 27 STEP 2: Mainstreaming a Gender Agenda: What Is the Issue? ............................... 29 STEP 3: Moving Towards Gender Equality:What Is the Goal? ................................ 31 STEP 4: Mapping the Situation:What Information Do We Have? .......................... 33 STEP 5: Refining the Issue: Research and Analysis................................................... 39 STEP 6: Deciding on a Course of Action: Designing Policy Interventions and Budgets ............................................. 41 STEP 7: Advocacy Strategies: Gender Matters! ......................................................... 45 STEP 8: Monitoring: Keeping a (Gender-Sensitive) Eye on Things ........................ 50 STEP 9: Evaluation: How Did We Do? .........................................................................