Digital Test Signals for the Television Future
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Microwave Frequency Demodulation Using Two Coupled Optical Resonators with Modulated Refractive Index
PHYSICAL REVIEW APPLIED 15, 034056 (2021) Microwave Frequency Demodulation Using two Coupled Optical Resonators with Modulated Refractive Index Adam Mock * School of Engineering and Technology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan 48859, USA (Received 16 October 2020; revised 1 February 2021; accepted 10 February 2021; published 18 March 2021) Traditional electronic frequency demodulation of a microwave frequency voltage is challenging because it requires complicated phase-locked loops, narrowband filters with fixed passbands, or large footprint local oscillators and mixers. Herein, a different frequency demodulation concept is proposed based on refractive index modulation of two coupled microcavities excited by an optical wave. A frequency- modulated microwave frequency voltage is applied to two photonic crystal microcavities in a spatially odd configuration. The spatially odd perturbation causes coupling between the even and odd supermodes of the coupled-cavity system. It is shown theoretically and verified by finite-difference time-domain sim- ulations how careful choice of the modulation amplitude and frequency can switch the optical output from on to off. As the modulating frequency is detuned from its off value, the optical output switches from off to on. Ultimately, the optical output amplitude is proportional to the frequency deviation of the applied voltage making this device a frequency-modulated-voltage to amplitude-modulated-optical- wave converter. The optical output can be immediately detected and converted to a voltage that would result in a frequency-demodulated voltage signal. Or the optical output can be fed into a larger radio- over-fiber optical network. In this case the device presents a compact, low power, and tunable route for multiplexing frequency-modulated voltages with amplitude-modulated optical communication systems. -
Spectra and Bandwidth of Emissions (Question ITU-R 222/1)
Rec. ITU-R SM.328-11 1 RECOMMENDATION ITU-R SM.328-11* Spectra and bandwidth of emissions (Question ITU-R 222/1) (1948-1951-1953-1956-1959-1963-1966-1970-1974-1978-1982-1986-1990-1994-1997-1999-2006) Scope This Recommendation gives definitions, analytical models and other considerations of the values of emission components for various emission types as well as the usage of these values from the standpoint of spectrum efficiency. Keywords Spurious emission, dB bandwidth, emitted spectra, adjacent-channel, necessary band The ITU Radiocommunication Assembly, considering a) that in the interest of an efficient use of the radio spectrum, it is essential to establish for each class of emission rules governing the spectrum emitted by a transmitting station; b) that, for the determination of an emitted spectrum of optimum width, the whole transmission circuit as well as all its technical working conditions, including other circuits and radio services sharing the band, the transmitter frequency tolerances of Recommendation ITU-R SM.1045, and particularly propagation phenomena, should be taken into account; c) that the concepts of “necessary bandwidth” and “occupied bandwidth” defined in Nos. 1.152 and 1.153 of the Radio Regulations (RR), are the basis for specifying the spectral properties of a given emission, or class of emission, in the simplest possible manner; d) that, however, these definitions do not suffice when consideration of the complete problem of radio spectrum efficiency is involved; and that an endeavour should be made to establish -
Digital Audio Broadcasting : Principles and Applications of Digital Radio
Digital Audio Broadcasting Principles and Applications of Digital Radio Second Edition Edited by WOLFGANG HOEG Berlin, Germany and THOMAS LAUTERBACH University of Applied Sciences, Nuernberg, Germany Digital Audio Broadcasting Digital Audio Broadcasting Principles and Applications of Digital Radio Second Edition Edited by WOLFGANG HOEG Berlin, Germany and THOMAS LAUTERBACH University of Applied Sciences, Nuernberg, Germany Copyright ß 2003 John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England Telephone (þ44) 1243 779777 Email (for orders and customer service enquiries): [email protected] Visit our Home Page on www.wileyeurope.com or www.wiley.com All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except under the terms of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP, UK, without the permission in writing of the Publisher. Requests to the Publisher should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England, or emailed to [email protected], or faxed to (þ44) 1243 770571. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold on the understanding that the Publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. -
NTE1416 Integrated Circuit Chrominance and Luminance Processor for NTSC Color TV
NTE1416 Integrated Circuit Chrominance and Luminance Processor for NTSC Color TV Description: The NTE1416 is an MSI integrated circuit in a 28–Lead DIP type package designed for NTSC systems to process both color and luminance signals for color televisions. This device provides two functions: The processing of color signals for the band pass amplifier, color synchronizer, and demodulator cir- cuits and also the processing of luminance signal for the luminance amplifier and pedestal clamp cir- cuits. The number of peripheral parts and controls can be minimized and the manhours required for assembly can be considerbly reduced. Features: D Few External Components Required D DC Controlled Circuits make a Remote Controlled System Easy D Protection Diodes in every Input and Output Pin D “Color Killer” Needs No Adjustements D “Contrast” Control Does Not Prevent the Natural Color of the Picture, as the Color Saturation Level Changes Simultaneously D ACC (Automatic Color Controller) Circuit Operates Very Smoothly with the Peak Level Detector D “Brightness Control” Pin can also be used for ABL (Automatic Beam Limitter) Absolute Maximum Ratings: (TA = +25°C unless otherwise specified) Supply Voltage, VCC . 14.4V Brightness Controlling Voltage, V3 . 14.4V Resolution Controlling Voltage, V4 . 14.4V Contrast Controlling Voltage, V10 . 14.4V Tint Controlling Voltage, V7 . 14.4V Color Controlling Voltage, V9 . 14.4V Auto Controlling Voltage, V8 . 14.4V Luminance Input Signal Voltage, V5 . +5V Chrominance Signal Input Voltage, V13 . +2.5V Demodulator Input Signal Voltage, V25 . +5V R.G.B. Output Current, I26, I27, I28 . –40mA Gate Pulse Input Voltage, V20 . +5V Gate Pulse Output Current, I20 . -
ABBREVIATIONS EBU Technical Review
ABBREVIATIONS EBU Technical Review AbbreviationsLast updated: January 2012 720i 720 lines, interlaced scan ACATS Advisory Committee on Advanced Television 720p/50 High-definition progressively-scanned TV format Systems (USA) of 1280 x 720 pixels at 50 frames per second ACELP (MPEG-4) A Code-Excited Linear Prediction 1080i/25 High-definition interlaced TV format of ACK ACKnowledgement 1920 x 1080 pixels at 25 frames per second, i.e. ACLR Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio 50 fields (half frames) every second ACM Adaptive Coding and Modulation 1080p/25 High-definition progressively-scanned TV format ACS Adjacent Channel Selectivity of 1920 x 1080 pixels at 25 frames per second ACT Association of Commercial Television in 1080p/50 High-definition progressively-scanned TV format Europe of 1920 x 1080 pixels at 50 frames per second http://www.acte.be 1080p/60 High-definition progressively-scanned TV format ACTS Advanced Communications Technologies and of 1920 x 1080 pixels at 60 frames per second Services AD Analogue-to-Digital AD Anno Domini (after the birth of Jesus of Nazareth) 21CN BT’s 21st Century Network AD Approved Document 2k COFDM transmission mode with around 2000 AD Audio Description carriers ADC Analogue-to-Digital Converter 3DTV 3-Dimension Television ADIP ADress In Pre-groove 3G 3rd Generation mobile communications ADM (ATM) Add/Drop Multiplexer 4G 4th Generation mobile communications ADPCM Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation 3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership Project ADR Automatic Dialogue Replacement 3GPP2 3rd Generation Partnership -
Ultra Short Multiband AM/FM/DAB Active Antennas for Automotive Application
Universit¨at der Bundeswehr M¨unchen Fakult¨at f¨ur Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik Institut f¨ur Hoch- und H¨ochstfrequenztechnik Ultra Short Multiband AM/FM/DAB Active Antennas for Automotive Application Alexandru Negut Zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines DOKTOR-INGENIEURS (Dr.-Ing.) von der Fakult¨at f¨ur Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik der Universit¨at der Bundeswehr M¨unchen genehmigte DISSERTATION Tag der Pr¨ufung: 18. November 2011 Vorsitzender des Promotionsausschusses: Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. W. Pascher 1. Berichterstatter: Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. S.Lindenmeier 2.Berichterstatter: Prof.Dr.-Ing.habil.U.Barabas Neubiberg, den 6. Dezember 2011 Acknowledgments It is with great pleasure to acknowledge the opportunity Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Stefan Lindenmeier offered me when he accepted to work out my PhD thesis within the Institute of High Frequency Technology and Mobile Communication, University of the Bundeswehr Munich. I am deeply indebted to him for introducing me to this exciting field and for providing constant guidance and support. Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Udo Barabas is thanked to for being the second reviewer of this thesis. The vast experience of Apl. Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Leopold Reiter in the field of active antennas – but not only – is especially acknowledged, as the knowledge I acquired during this time would have surely been less without his support. I warmly thank him for the fruitful and friendly cooperation. Long and fruitful discussions with Apl. Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Jochen Hopf are gratefully acknowledged, as his rich experience proved invaluable in clarifying many theoretical and practical details. I also thank Dr.-Ing. Joachim Brose for his kind help whenever it was needed and the electromagnetic simulations contributed to this work. -
Additive Synthesis, Amplitude Modulation and Frequency Modulation
Additive Synthesis, Amplitude Modulation and Frequency Modulation Prof Eduardo R Miranda Varèse-Gastprofessor [email protected] Electronic Music Studio TU Berlin Institute of Communications Research http://www.kgw.tu-berlin.de/ Topics: Additive Synthesis Amplitude Modulation (and Ring Modulation) Frequency Modulation Additive Synthesis • The technique assumes that any periodic waveform can be modelled as a sum sinusoids at various amplitude envelopes and time-varying frequencies. • Works by summing up individually generated sinusoids in order to form a specific sound. Additive Synthesis eg21 Additive Synthesis eg24 • A very powerful and flexible technique. • But it is difficult to control manually and is computationally expensive. • Musical timbres: composed of dozens of time-varying partials. • It requires dozens of oscillators, noise generators and envelopes to obtain convincing simulations of acoustic sounds. • The specification and control of the parameter values for these components are difficult and time consuming. • Alternative approach: tools to obtain the synthesis parameters automatically from the analysis of the spectrum of sampled sounds. Amplitude Modulation • Modulation occurs when some aspect of an audio signal (carrier) varies according to the behaviour of another signal (modulator). • AM = when a modulator drives the amplitude of a carrier. • Simple AM: uses only 2 sinewave oscillators. eg23 • Complex AM: may involve more than 2 signals; or signals other than sinewaves may be employed as carriers and/or modulators. • Two types of AM: a) Classic AM b) Ring Modulation Classic AM • The output from the modulator is added to an offset amplitude value. • If there is no modulation, then the amplitude of the carrier will be equal to the offset. -
En 300 720 V2.1.0 (2015-12)
Draft ETSI EN 300 720 V2.1.0 (2015-12) HARMONISED EUROPEAN STANDARD Ultra-High Frequency (UHF) on-board vessels communications systems and equipment; Harmonised Standard covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the Directive 2014/53/EU 2 Draft ETSI EN 300 720 V2.1.0 (2015-12) Reference REN/ERM-TG26-136 Keywords Harmonised Standard, maritime, radio, UHF ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° 7803/88 Important notice The present document can be downloaded from: http://www.etsi.org/standards-search The present document may be made available in electronic versions and/or in print. The content of any electronic and/or print versions of the present document shall not be modified without the prior written authorization of ETSI. In case of any existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions and/or in print, the only prevailing document is the print of the Portable Document Format (PDF) version kept on a specific network drive within ETSI Secretariat. Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status. Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at http://portal.etsi.org/tb/status/status.asp If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services: https://portal.etsi.org/People/CommiteeSupportStaff.aspx Copyright Notification No part may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm except as authorized by written permission of ETSI. -
Blankom-Catalog-2015.Pdf
PRODUKTÜBERSICHT PRODUCT OVERVIEW 19" Systemkomponenten 2014/2015 • 19" system components 2014/2015 IN DVB-S/S2 DVB-T/T2/C A/V FM SDI HD-SDI HDMI ASI IP ISDB-T SAT-IF OUT (QPSK/8PSK) (COFDM/QAM) SPDIF QAM A-QAMOS A-QAMOS-CT A-QAMOS-IP A-QAMOS-IP (S. 19) (S. 21) (S. 26) (S. 26) A-QAMOS-4CI A-QAMOS-CT-4CI A-QAMOS-B-IP A-QAMOS-B-IP (S. 20) (S. 22) (S. 27) (S. 27) A-QAMOS-IPM A-QAMOS-IPM (S. 28) (S. 28) analog TV A-PALIOS-4CIM4 A-PALIOS-CTM4 A-PALIOS-IPM4 A-PALIOS-IPM4 (AM) (S. 25) (S. 23) (S. 29) (S. 29) DRP 393 A-PALIOS-CTM4CI A-PALIOS-IPM4CI A-PALIOS-IPM4CI (S. 37) (S. 24) (S. 30) (S. 30) ASI-TS DRD 700 DRD 700 EMA 608 EMA 408/608 EMA 408 EMA 508/708 DRD 700 DIP 2xx DRP 393 (S. 32) (S. 32) (S. 17) (S. 15/S. 17) (S. 15) (S. 16/S. 18) (S. 32) (S. 42) (S. 34) DRP 393 DRP 393 EMA 508/708 EMA 508/708 DRP 393 (S. 34) (S. 34) (S. 16/S. 18) (S. 16/S. 18) (S. 34) EMA 608 (S. 17) IP DRD 700 DRD 700 EMA 408/608 EMA 508/708 EMA 408 EMA 508/708 EMA 508/708 DRD 700 DRD 393 (S. 32) (S. 32) (S.15/S. 17) (S. 16/S. 18) (S. 15) (S. 16/S. 18) (S. 16/S. 18) (S. 32) (S. 34) DRP 393 DRP 393 EMA 408/608 EMA 508/708 EMA 408/608 (S. -
I the Telecommunications and Data Acquisition:Progress Report 42-67 R --" - ':' .' November and December1981
F "_ NASA-CR_168577 ..... 19820012239 --- i The Telecommunications and Data _ Acquisition:Progress Report 42-67 r_ --" - ':'_ _.' November and DeCember1981 -- • - N.A. Renzetti .... Editor - _ , • % ° '_ i " ; ,ir_,-- •_' [ / - • I.;.4.9R 1982 February 15; 1982--:; _ " LANGLEY.RESEARCHCENTER • _ . -....-......-._..LIRR_.RY,.NA_A "" _ ¢ F HAMPTON_VIRGINIA _- NationalAeronauticsand - - Space Administration "- . " Jet PropulsionLabOratory - -_ ' _-__ California Instituteof Technology - _........ " " _- Pasadena, California ..... - "T ' • _ . _ J . _ .. :, , _ . :? . - , . " • _, ° /" _J • -_ + . 1-" ? i _ z J -.2 - .,/° . • " ' " -%- - -- I -- _ -,.- . _ ° ] L9< ._ . ,: _ - . j , • ./ . c - " • ' J - -- "< ° _ , _ '] . -; ,_ g __ , ,2 ./ -- i -, . ,. ,-,- C,,_ _- _;>" .... ' _ . - } °I // -,' .... ,: , \ / "._'\ " _ " . _ , _ \ _ _ _ _ - . - . [-- _ . -. ._ ,_ . _ _ , . - . '.___ _. .. _ l _ . _" ! "" 't ',_' '_ , . " f_ .. "- . " - r]. : ._ 2 _. • - - ' I"D. -/7 " - - _ ". ._ . "-. _ . .'_ :. _ ,-. - - . - -- _ _ %" '( Y" .W - \" - _ _ .-- 7 - . • " , - f . ,-.-._,-, t-, , r:'fi,ti;"!TS ;,E_.I!.E-STED E!,I-_J R," D ,_.t,n-.,I'!,i !:-,..... D!SPLA', _1120113/2 " "_ 82M20113,# iSSUE ![! Pf:tGE laSE_ (:I_TE(-_ORY39 RPT._: MASA-CR-168577 JPL-PR-42-G7 82/02/IS Iz_O PAGES UHCLASSiFIED DOCUMEHT IJITL: The telecommunications and data acquisition report TLSP: Froaress Report, ,.lov. - Dec. 19R! AUTH: AiRENZETTI, N. _. PAT: FJ/ed. CORP: Jet Propulsion Lab., CaliFornJ.a Inst. of Tech., Pasadena. AVAIL.HTIS SAP: HC A[;7/PIF A01 Sponsored by I'IAS_ HAJS: /-_DATA ACOUISITIOM/-_DEEP SPACE HETNORK/-:_LOGIST!CSMAHAGEHENT/:+Rt_DIO COIIMUNtC_T IOH/_SP.qCECRF1FTTRACI-IHG', MINS; /,COMPUTERIZED SIMULATION/ DECISION .H_KING! GEODESY/ GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEH! GROLII,IDSTF1TIONS/ HELIOS I/ HYDROGEI'IMASERS/ MAINTEI'IAHCE/ RADIO ANTENNAS/ RADIO f_STRONOHY!RADIO RECEIVERS/ SPNCE MISSIONS! SPARE P_IRTSi SUPPORToYat_HSp P - r"- / SYSTEMSFtNALYSIS! TELEHETRY/ TRAG,L! tHG STATTONS ANN; Proqress in the development and operations o{ the Deep Space NetMorl. -
Amplitude Modulation(AM)
Introduction to Modulation: Amplitude Modulation(AM) Sharlene Katz James Flynn Overview Modulation Overview Basics of Amplitude Modulation (AM) AM Demonstration GRC Exercise 2 Flynn/Katz 7/8/10 Why do we need Modulation/Demodulation? Example: Radio transmission Voice Microphone Transmitter Electric signal, Antenna: 20 Hz – 20 Size requirement KHz > 1/10 wavelength c 3×108 Antenna too large! 5 Use modulation to At 3 KHz: λ = = 3 =10 =100km f 3×10 transfer ⇒ .1λ =10km information to a higher frequency 3 Flynn/Katz 7/8/10 Why do we need Modulation/Demodulation? (cont’d) Frequency Assignment Reduction of noise/interference Multiplexing Bandwidth limitations of equipment Frequency characteristics of antennas Atmospheric/cable properties 4 Flynn/Katz 7/8/10 Basic Concept of Modulation The information source Typically a low frequency signal Referred to as the “baseband signal” X(f) x(t) t f Carrier A higher frequency sinusoid baseband Modulated Modulator Example: cos(2π10000t) carrier signal Modulated Signal Some parameter of the carrier (amplitude, frequency, phase) is varied in accordance with the baseband signal 5 Flynn/Katz 7/8/10 Types of Modulation Analog Modulation Amplitude Modulation, AM Frequency Modulation, FM Double and Single Sideband, DSB and SSB Digital Modulation Phase Shift Keying: BPSK, QPSK, MSK Frequency Shift Keying, FSK Quadrature Amplitude Modulation, QAM 6 Flynn/Katz 7/8/10 Amplitude Modulation (AM) Block Diagram x(t) m x + xAM(t)=Ac [1+mx(t)]cos wct Ac cos wct Time Domain Signal information -
WBU Radio Guide
FOREWORD The purpose of the Digital Radio Guide is to help engineers and managers in the radio broadcast community understand options for digital radio systems available in 2019. The guide covers systems used for transmission in different media, but not for programme production. The in-depth technical descriptions of the systems are available from the proponent organisations and their websites listed in the appendices. The choice of the appropriate system is the responsibility of the broadcaster or national regulator who should take into account the various technical, commercial and legal factors relevant to the application. We are grateful to the many organisations and consortia whose systems and services are featured in the guide for providing the updates for this latest edition. In particular, our thanks go to the following organisations: European Broadcasting Union (EBU) North American Broadcasters Association (NABA) Digital Radio Mondiale (DRM) HD Radio WorldDAB Forum Amal Punchihewa Former Vice-Chairman World Broadcasting Unions - Technical Committee April 2019 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................................... 5 WHAT IS DIGITAL RADIO? ....................................................................................................................... 7 WHY DIGITAL RADIO? .............................................................................................................................. 9 TERRESTRIAL