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Home , Faith in Hinduism, Koil, Tiruchirappalli

The International journal of analytical and experimental modal analysis ISSN NO: 0886-9367

RELIGIOUS HERITAGE OF - A STUDY

K. Napoleon, Assistant Professor, Department of History, Government Arts College, Tiruchirappalli-22, , Cell: 9626657703

INTRODUCTION

All religious in the past were attempts to understand how this universe came

in to being and the nature of God who created the animate and inanimate objects of

this world. All great teachers in different part of the world tried to explain the

nature of God who controlled this universe and man‟s duty towards him. People

were so afraid of the displeasure of Gods that every action from birth to death in a

man‟s life was carried out strictly in accordance with the rules laid down in his

religious books. People everywhere believed that God himself had inspired these

teachers to write these truths hence if was their duty to obey them if they wished to

be happy in this world and to go to a happy world after death.

Thus this religious tendency awoke in man when he was gripped sometimes

by fear and at other times by curiosity. Here religion is definitely an advance upon

man‟s rational culture, science and ethics, art and literature and even philosophy,

for religion is that instinct, idea, activity, discipline in man which aims directly at

the Divine.

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Thus spirituality is the essence and criterion of religion. The success of

religion as a method of social development depends on spiritual element in it.

Religious are serviceable only so far as they are spiritual. Religion has been a

powerful agency in society and has performed many important social functions of,

Religion and service, religion and education, religion and benevolence, religion

and non-violence, religion and alms giving.

In the world has been used in the sense of religion. The

concept of dharma is however all comprehensive and may be broadly speaking

said to comprise precepts which aim at securing the material and spiritual

sustenance and growth of the individual and society. As Margareta Morris states,

the religion of a community is not something unrelated to its secular activities any

more than the religious experience of an individual is apart from his general mental

development.

Religion can be defined as an organized collection of beliefs, cultural

systems and world views that link humanity to an order of existence. It is the

science of soul morality and ethics have their foundation on religion. Religion is

not just a talk and doctrines or theories nor is if sectarianism. Religion cannot live

sects and societies. It is a relationship between soul and God. Religion does not

mean erecting temples or building churches or attending public worship. As well as

it cannot be found in the books or in words or in lectures or in organizations.

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Religion consists of realization. Religion is the basic need of man. Man has

religious instinct distinct from hunger and thirst.

Religion has been playing an important part in the lives of Tamil Nadu since

the ancient period. It had assumed numerous form in relation to different groups of

people associated with them. Religious ideas through and practices differed among

these groups and transformation and developments had been taking place in the

various religious forms in course of time.

Here religion is definitely an advance upon man‟s rational culture, science,

and ethics, art and literature and even philosophy for religion is that instinct idea,

activity, discipline in man which aims directly at the Divine while all the rest seem

to aim at it only indirectly and reach it with difficulty after much wandering and

stumbling in the pursuit of the out ward and imperfect appearances of things.

Religion has always been a dominant tendency in the human history not only in the

East but also in the West.

Religion is in the very marrows of Tamilians. I am pleased to confess it. The

readiness of Archakas and Devasthanam officials to explain the details of the

temple to the inquisitive visitor to really praise worthy. Religion is truly preserved

in its pristine glory in Tamil Nadu which is name privilege to study. The legends

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connected with temples are more interesting then stories. It an impression is

created in any soul and an inclination to visit the south temples in imbibed.

Major Religions of Trichy

Hindu Religion

Trichy is home to many religious since ancient times. At present ,

Muslim, Christianity, are flourishing in Trichy. Hinduism is oldest among

the major religion of the Trichy. Hinduism is very diverse, the origion of word

Hindu is geographical of Trichy. Slowly the word Hindu become associated with

the religion. Adi Shankaracharya is considered as the proponent of modern

Hinduism. Hinduism are as follow for the principle of and re-birth are

cardinal to Hinduism, Karma and re-birth are accepted as the components of

dharma, Belief of god, Belief in Nature, Belief in immortality of soul. Belief in

idol worship, Belief in the ultimate goal and belief and sects there are many beliefs

and communities related to Hinduism, however there are two major communities

since ancients times which are as follows.

Shaivism of Trichy

Shaivism in Trichy has the largest number of followrs. Shaivism is devoted

to worship of God . The word Siva is an adjective meaning Kind or

friendly philosophy of Shaivism in is explained in the form of “”.

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The seal of Pasupati Shiva obtained from Indus valley is the earliest evidence of

Saivism manikkavasaka and belief that temples, follow, from north of river

are Thirumalapadi, Palur, Anbil, Thirumanthdurai, Thiruvanika and from South of

Kaveri river are Thirupparaidurai, Kadampanthdurai, Sirappalli, Thirunedunkulam

by blessing of Nayanmanrs. Thayumanavare are help and develop the Saivism

during this period. Saivism develop and help of Saivism monasty and contribute of

Saivism Shaba during 20th Century. Saivism related sitandha books and songs

published by Srimounamadam of Rockform and Katalai madam of Thiruvanaika,

Thiruvatudurai Adinam. The Saivism related Thirumurai classes and workshop

conducted by Tharmapuram Adinam, Thiruvadudurai Adinam.

Saiva Monastri

Rockfort Sri Mounamadam

One of the important monastri of Tamil Nadu. This is founded by

saramamunivar called as Saramanunivar monastri. Since this is called Sri

mounamadam now. This monastri is under controller of Rock fort Tayumanavar

temple, Thiruverambur Erubeswarar temple, and also and conducted the various

poojas and fairs during Tamil month of Karthikai. Conducted the Kuru Pooja for

Every year during the time. Now control by Srimath Mouna Mahalinga Tamiran.

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Vaishnavism of Trichy

Sri is one of the important Pre-eminent Religious philosophies

of Hinduism. The visitadvaita philosophy form the backbone of this tradition along

with „acharyas and a huge body of literature in various languages. One of the

outstanding examples of this literature is 4000 Divya prabhandam, an anthology of

poems in chaste Tamil composed by twelve saints of of Tamil

Nadu called Azhwars.

The Azhwars sang the praise of and his incarnations. They had been able to

impart the glory of perumal to the masses and ensure Vaishnavism flourished. The

lovely sight of the perumal in these various temples they visited moved them and

they composed many uses. The Azhwars have sung the praise of perumals located

in 108 all over India. Important worship of perumal during Sangam age

since worship is comparative worship of South. The oldest

religious of India, as a Saivism and Vaishnavism is important religious of Trichy

district. As is many contribute to Vaishnava religious. Srirangam as

main temple of Vaishnava religious. Srirangam as a historical center of Vaishnava

religious. The important of Chithirai Car festival and 21 margali vaikunda

Eakadesi festival of perumal temple in Srirangam. The written by

Kampa was accepted and to honour this temple mandapam were kampa is said to

have recited his Ramayana is called Kampamandapam. Sri Ranganathan also

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instructed the temple authorities of Sri Rangam to send for and receive both

periyazhwar and Andal. Adi pooram the birth star of Andal is an important festive

day for Sri Vaishnavites. This temple attractive and affection to Sri of

important Social reformer.

The Famous festivals of Hindu in Trichy

Chitra Pournami Chitthirai

The festival which is celebrated in the Tamil month of Chittirai is Kodai

Thirunal called flower carpet festival. Flower used to adoring the Lord. The

festival which is celebrated in the month of Chittrai is Chitra pournami or full

moon. The festival celebrated in various Hindu temples as follows. Rock Fort

temple, Srirangam temple, Thiruvanika temple, Mariyamman

temple all so celebrated vaikasi visaka thirunal and vasantha vizhla are celebrated

in simple manner of this temple.

Shi JanmashtamiAvani

The birth date for the marvelus Child. The Lord Krishna and incarnation of

Lord Vishnu is celebrated in the Tamil month of Avani. This is celebrated by the

Hindu in Trichy. This festival is called in different names in by different people.

Some call it “Krishna Jayanthi, Janmastami, Gokulashtami. This festival too goes

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back to the first of the 16th century. Which is the half day of Krihnadeva maharaja

of Vijayanagar empire.

Ganesh Chaturthi Avani

The festival is inaugurated with the flog hosting ceremony. The Vinayaka

Chatt weli birth day of Lord vinayaka is the ninth day of the festival on that day the

idol of Lord vinayaka is taken on procession is the streets of the temple daily both

in the morning and in the evening. In the day 07 Vinayakar Chadurdi Lord

Vinayaka is taken is a procession on a Chariot in the streets of the temple

is performed on the day of vinayaka caht weli in this temple. Indra supposed

to have worshipped Lord manika vinayaka and Uchi Vinayaka once a year on that

day. Special programme are arranged it is a major festival Avani Avittam or Avani

mulam is celebrated in this temple is a simple manner 11 days.

Purattasi

Nawarathiri is one of the important festival of the temple. It is celebrated to

commemorate the victory of goddess who killed asura. In this festival

towards the end of the Sivarathri pooja and vijayadasmi are celebrated with special

poojas are rituals.

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Aipasi

Deepawali, the festival of lights is one of the most important festival os

trichy and is celebrated on a nationwide scale an Amavasya or the dark night in the

middle of month . It is a five days festival. The festival starts with

Dhanferas which takes place two days before .

Karthikai

The festival similar to Deepawali observed by the Hindus Karthiga, Koil

olugu thirumangai Alvar is said to have attained gnanam only after witnessing

Karthigai (Nov-Dec) festival.

In Sriranam on that day nine lights are its which includes a silver temple are

shown before god. Lighting the holy lamp is celebrated in this month the festival

reference is ancient Tamil Literature called Karthikai Deepam.

Margali

The most important festival is Vaikunta Ekadesi. Which is celebrated in

Tamil month of Margali and attracts more than a Lakhs devotees from all over

Indians. For the sheether number of festival being celebrated in a year. The after

nathamani made arrangement for the reaction in Chorus in Srirangam. The first ten

days are called pahal Pathu and the next ten days are called Rappathu. During the

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pagal pathu or thirumozhi thirunal. The processional deity Namperuman. The

identification our Lord by the washerman to distinguish the daily hords court.

Thai

The float festival with pump and fun many temporary shops with a variety of

articles are set up during the occasions. Thai is important festival of

Hindus. The people are celebrated pongal or Kanum pongal and thai pusam during

month of Thai.

Masi

Mahasivratri on the 14th day of the dark fortnight of magha month, the

great night of Shiva is celebrated Shivaratri is celebrated as the marriage ceremony

of Lord Shiva and Goddess parrvathi. On this day the devotees of Shiva observe

fast and to go Shiva temple. On this day Lord Shiva is said to have performed the

“Tandava dance” “Glimpses of Shiva Marriage is manifests during this

night. The Maha Sivaratri is the most known festival of Jambukeshwarar temple in

Thiruvankkaval month of Masi.

Muslim Religion

Islam was founded by prophet Muhammad. The term Islamic derives its

meaning from the Arabic word which means “submission” reflecting the faiths

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central of submitting to Allah. Islamic practices are summarised by the pillars of

Islam, faith, prayer, fasting pilgrimage and alms. The word of God was revealed to

Muhammad through the Angel Gabriel and his messengers and its embodied in the

Quran which is the holy book of Muslims.

Muslims believe that the religion of Islam has been present since the time of

the prophet Adam through it is believed by non-muslims to have originated in

mecca and medina. All Islamic prophets and they have equal veneration in the

quran.

Mohammad went back to mecca and got over 75 new followers in 622 AD.

They quietly slipped out of mecca and went to medina. The journey to medina was

the Hijrah and it is from this year that the muslim calendar begins while normally

translated “pilgrimage” Hijrah means closely to severing fies with your relatives.

Islams are shias means the group of Ali. After death of prophet Muhammad his

son-in-law Ali was made the Kalifa. The believe that prophet told some beliefs to

Ali which are not mentioned in Quran. Another one important of Sunnis word has

its roots in sunnah which means inspected path. Sunnis believe that all the

messages of allah which told the prophet Muhammad are written in Quran.

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Muslim in Trichy

Malik Kafur crossed the mountain passes of sarmali and Tabar and reached

the Pandya Country in 1311. On reaching the bank of the Cauvery they departed to

Birdul. The Pallavas were followed by the imperial Cholas whose

popularity was an established factor since 985 (The accession of Raja Raja Great)

to 1246. The period of Raja Raja II. In the whole of the Chola period we have 100

south wall of inscription from thiruchirappalli district from twenty four important

places. These epigraphs speak about the activities of the Cholas. In these

inscription and the contemporary literature we are not coming across any Muslims

in Thiruchirappalli region. If any Muslim had come to trichy region it must be after

1246 AD.

The famous festivals of Muslim in Trichy

There are many religious festivals which people Muslim religion celebrate

with great passion and dedication by following the date of their Islamic calendar

following are the famous festivals of Muslim religion.

Eid-ul-Fitr (Id) festival

Eid-ul-Fitr is also called as the Eid-ul-Fitr-Idul-Fitr or Ramzan Id which

indicates the end of Ramzan month mean the month of fasting. This the most

religious and holy festival for mulim people during which they break their fast

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(Fitrmens to break). People from Muslim community go for the communal prayers,

Listen Khutba (means sermon) and help people by denating required things while

celebrating festival. According to the Islamic Calendar and some astronomical

considerations. Eid-ul-Fitr festival traditionally during the sunset after the first

sight of crecent moon. This festival is celebrated during the 10th day of Zil Hajj

Month.

Muharam festival

So many festival or feasts celebrated in the Dhargas. Muharam is one of the

important festival celebrated in the Nathervali and other Dhargas of

Thiruchirappalli. Muharam the name of the first month of the Muslim year is also

name given to the days of morning spent by the Shias commemoration of the

martyrdoms of Ali and of his two sons, Hasan and Husain. the ceremonies differ

slightly in different countries. The Name Muharam means that which is forbidden

or taboo and hence sacred the first month of the Muslim year. The month derives

its special importance from the festival in honour of the martyrs.

Shab-e-Barat

Barat festival important festival celebrated in the Dhargas of

Thiruchirappalli. This feast the name of which signifies the night of the record is

held on the fourteenth day of the month shaban. The blessed night starts at sunset

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on 14th and ends at drawn on the 15th. The Muslim observe mid-shaban as a night

of worship and salvation. Some spend the whole night a awake and worship on this

day crackers are burn and lesson of Quran sharif is read.

Eid-un-milad-un-Nabi

The prophet birthday or milad-un-nabi as it is commonly known in muslim

culture is celebrated in most of muslim in Tamil nadu and in trichirappalli. It is

celebrated in the third month of the Islamic Calemdar. while the shias celebrated it

on the 17th of the month. The sunnis celebrated on the 12th of the month according

to the Islamic calendar. Bara Wafat is celebrated in the Dhargas in Trichy. It is

mournful day of Islamic culture. It is also known as mila-de-sharif. The

celebrations of Barat Wafat marks the death anniversary of prophet. In Trichy and

in some other parts, it is more customary to keep this day not as the anniversary of

the death of the prophet.

The Ramzan Festival

The Ramzan festival is one of the important and remarkable festival

celebrated in the Dharghas of trichy. The Ramzan month of vehement heat the

Muslim lent is the eighth month of the year. Some said it is so called because the

hearts and souls are more readily receptive to the admonition and remembrance of

Allah during Ramzan as the sand and stones are receptive to the sun‟s heat.

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Ramzon begins after the month of Shaban after the new moon has been

sighted. The month of Ramzan lasts for 29 to 30 days depending on the sighting of

the moon. If the moon is sighted on the night of 29th fast then the month of

Shawwal begins from tomorrow and Ramzan is over.

Special prayers are called the resting because the congretations it down and

rest during the night after each fourth prostration and after every second blessing

salam. Muslim offering special prayers and distributing alms to poor people.

Muslims offered prayers at the Idgha Maidan at here. Similar prayers

at N.M. Mosque, Khanmiyan Mosque, Palakarai Panchminar masque Hazarath

Thable alm Badush a Dharga, and thennur High Road Mosque.

Christianity

It was founded Jesus Christ who born as a few Bethlehem in the 4th century

BC to virgin mary. It was believed that Jesus possessed extraoridinary supernatural

powers. High growing popularly alarmed some Jewish priests and they conspired

against him and succeeded in getting him crucified jesus was resurrected on the

third day after his crucification. He lived on earth for another 40 days and than

ascended to heaven. The old testament gives an account of the incidents proceding

and succeeding his birth. Christianity was made the state religion in the 4th century

AD.

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Origin and Development

Saint Thomas visited India during the reign of Gondophernese. He

propagated Christianity in the region of malakar coastal region. since then

Christianity developed in India. Later on many Christian missions came to India

but Christianity mainly developed under British rule. On the basis of religious

reforms there emerged two main sects of Christianity. Catholicism or Catholic

refers to the members, practices of the Roman . Sometimes the tern

catholic is used to distinguish them from Calvinist, puritan or Reformed

Protestantism. Pope is the head of catholic churches. Catholics believe more in

pope as compared to the Bible. Another one important sect of protestanntism if

encompasses the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated with the

doctrine of the reformation. The word protestant is derived from the latin

“protestanto” meaning declaration. Martin Luther of 16th century Germany was

the founder of Protestantism.

Christianity in Trichy

In 1616 AD mission came to Trichy. It paved the way for Christian

faith also to enter. In course of time the Jesuit missionaries got the righteous

support of Madurai Nayaker of the lineage of the Madurai kings. King Nayaker

shifted the capital and throne from Madurai to trichy. Already the King‟s military

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officers and soldiers had been converted by Robert-De-Nobili, a missionary.

Through them Christianty found its way to spread in Trichy. Earlier Christianity

spread through St. Francis Xavier also. Trichy remained a submission station in

Madurai religious province. There were a large number of Christians in the three

areas of Palakarai, Dharmanatha puram, and varaganeri. Even before Holy

Redeemer‟s Church was built there were about 7500 Christians. They had to go to

St Mary‟s cathedral built by the Jesuits, for Holy mass and the sacraments. The

way was full of grass and bushes without any facility for travel moreover

secessionist groups carried out propaganda against faith. Though our lady of

sorrows Church (at present known as Palayakoil) was nearly. They could not even

go there because it was in the possession of the Portuguese priests. Even in the

midst of all this, the people remained firm in their faith.

Famous festival of Christianity

Festivals of Christians are celebrated as much the way as other festivals.

They are colourful and full of religious sentiments. the areas which were under

French and Portuguese rule like Goa adds distinct European flavour to the

festivals. Some of the Christian festivals are.

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Christmas

It is the most auspicious Christian festival observed across the globe on 25th

December. This festival as anniversary of Lord Jesus Christ who is believed to the

born on the same date at Bethlehem. The festival is celebrated as a mark of respect

to Lord Jesus, founder of Christianity religion. The trichy people take taste of

different foods and cake and wish each other.

Good Friday

Good Friday festival is one of the important festival of trichy people. Good

Friday is also known as great day, Holy Friday. This festival celebrated every year

by the people of Christian religion all over the world. The last moments death and

crucifixion of Jesus Christ. Good Friday has been declared as a gazetted holiday all

over the India. On this festival God Isamasch was hang on the cross and popular

prayers are done.

Easter

Easter is the most significant festival of the western Christian year

celebrated every year by the people of Christian religion to commemorate the

rebirth of the Jesus Christ on the third day of crucifixion at Calvary. Easter is

celebrated as the Easter Sunday, the 1st day of the Holy Easter week. Easter week

starts from Easter Sunday and ends on Easter Saturday. The rebirth of the Jesus

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Christ makes the basis of Christian faith as it was seen that jesus Christ was the

real son of god who won by defeating his death.

Ascension Day

Ascension day commemorate the ascension of Christ into heaven. This day

is observed generally by catholics and Anglicans. Ascension day also known as the

feast of Ascension and occurs on Thursday 40 days after Easter.

Jainism in Trichy

The people jain here in Trichy and religious ceremonies to be celebrated as

the festival. Their riuals belong to the idol worships in various ways and jains are

coming from North India for trade oriented here in Trichy. Jainst are 300 hundred

family here and built a famous temple “mahavir swamy mandhir” in Nadu Kulili

street. One of the important worship places of Jain in Trichy under control by

“Jayanthibai Ora”. Another important worship place for “munish swamy”

temple and “pinchara Pol” temple also there from 1932. Thiruchy was a part of

Uraiyur till the close of the 14th century. is famous of jain God “Arugan

temple” here from ancient period. The rock in the fort of Thiruchy is one site of the

ancient man. It is attested from the fact that most of the jain beds of 16th century

BC situated in the hilly regions of Rock.

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Festivals of Jains

Mahavir Jayanthi

It is celebrated every year by the people of jain to commemorate the birth

anniversary of mahavir, who was the 24th and last thirthankara of Jainism who had

founded the Jainism. Jains are celebrated this festival of vinayagar chatutri on the

4th day of the waxing moon of Hindu month Bhadra as the birthday of Lord

Ganesha and another festival of Saithira.

Conclusion

Tamil Nadu since the ancient period. It had assumed numerous form in

relation to different groups of people associated with them. Religious ideas through

and practices differed among these groups and transformation and developments

had been taking place in the various religious forms in course of time. Religion is

truly preserved in its pristine glory in Tamil Nadu which is name privilege to

study. The legends connected with temples are more interesting then stories. It an

impression is created in any soul and an inclination to visit the south temples in

imbibed.

Volume XI, Issue X, October/2019 Page No:2653 The International journal of analytical and experimental modal analysis ISSN NO: 0886-9367

References:-

1. Prakash, Cultural History of India, New Age International Publishers, New , 2003, 2. Rajendra K. Sharma, Social change and Social Control, Atlantic Publishers, , 2007 3. Anurag Kumar – Chandramohan Jha, Indian Art and Culture, Arihant Publications, New Delhi. 4. R.K. Das, Temples of Tamil Nadu, Bharatiya Bhavan, , 2001. 5. V. Jagadesa Ayyer, South Indian Shrines Perised and Enclosed Edition, 1982 6. KK Pillai, The Suchindram Temple. 7. Anurag Kumar, Chandramohan Jha, Indian Art and Culture, Arihant Publications, Delhi, 8. , Administration and Social life under Pallava, Madras, 1975. 9. Edward, The faith of Islam, Delhi, 1986. 10. Raj Muhammad, Khan Miyyan Dharga Trust Member, Trichy, 2015. 11. News Paper, 08.07.2016 12. Anurag Kumar – Chandramohan Iha, Indian Art and Culture, Arihant Publications, New Delhi.

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