6. Entertainment and History

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

6. Entertainment and History 6. ENTERTAINMENT AND HISTORY 6.1 Why do we need entertainment. Entertainment ? Watching a sports match or listening 6.2 Folk Theatre to music or watching a movie are examples 6.3 Marathi Theatre of passive entertainment. In this type of 6.4 Indian Film Industry entertainment we are not actual participants 6.5 Entertainment and but only viewers. Professional Opportunities Do it. Things that help refresh our minds and give a feeling of happiness are the Create a chart of active and passive sources of entertainment. Various hobbies, types of entertainment, which are related to history. games, drama-film, writing-reading, etc. are the sources of entertainment. 6.2 Folk Theatre 6.1 Why do we need Entertainment ? Puppetry - Wooden Puppets Healthy entertainment of excellent (Kathputali) : Remains of clay dolls have quality is essential for the healthy growth of one’s personality. Entertainment keeps our minds lively and fresh. It may also make us feel physically more energetic. So eventually our efficiency at work improves. Pursuing hobbies and games helps in personality development. In India many festivals, sports, dance- music, etc. were developed as forms of entertainment since ancient times. There are varied forms of entertainment available in the Puppetry - Wooden Puppets modern period as well. been found in the excavations of Try to do it. archaeological sites of Harappan Make a list of various types of civilisation as well as sites in Egypt and entertainment and classify them into Greece. It is possible that they were used different categories. as puppets. Entertainment can be classified into In ancient India materials like wood, two categories, active and passive. Active wool, leather, horns and ivory were used entertainment anticipates an individual’s to make puppets. The Kathputali, a mental-physical participation. Practicing of traditional art of puppetry in India has two handicrafts and participating in sport styles; one that developed in Rajasthan activities are examples of active and the other in southern regions of India. In the 18th century Shyamji Naik Kale The artists who stage Kathputali shows started a phad*, of Dashavatara artists are found in Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, which used to perform all over Maharashtra. Rajasthan, Assam, West Bengal, Andhra Vishnudas Bhave, the pioneer of Pradesh, Telangana, Karnatak and Kerala. Marathi theatre staged mythological plays The role of the narrator known as by introducing some modifications in the sutradhara is very crucial in the success Dashavatara style. Thus, the origins of the of Kathaputali stage show. The stage for Marathi theatre can be traced to this puppetry show is quite small but the Dashavatara tradition. puppeteers use light and sound effects in *The meaning of phad is ‘a troupe’. an ingenious way. Shadow puppets, hand Bhajan (singing devotional songs) : puppets, wooden puppets and string puppets To sing songs in praise of God and are used in Kathputali shows. chanting god’s name accompanied by Dashavatara Theatre : Dashavatara is instruments like taal (cymbals), mridangam, part of the folk theatre in Maharashtra. pakhavaj is known as Bhajan. There are Dashavatara shows are presented in the two types of Bhajan, Chakri Bhajan and regions of Konkan and Goa after harvesting Songi Bhajan. season is over. The stories presented in Chakri Bhajan : Devotees keep moving these shows are based on the 10 incarnations in circular fashion and sing without break. of Vishnu, namely Matsya, Koorma, Varaha, Songi Bhajan : The singer-actors act Narsimha, Wamana, Parashurama, Ram, as devotees and deliver dialogues in the Krishna, Buddha and Kalki. At the beginning form of devotional songs. of the show sutradhara, the narrator invokes Tukadoji Maharaj introduced a new Lord Ganesha, the destroyer of obstacles. form of Bhajan known as Khanjiri Bhajan. Do this. Listen to the bhajans composed by saints Tulsidas, Surdas, Meerabai and Kabir and try to learn them with the help of your music teacher or some traditional singer. In north India the bhajans composed by Saint Tulsidas, the great poet Surdas, Dashavatara Saint Meerabai and Saint Kabir are very The method of acting, make-up, popular. costumes in Dashavatara shows is set by Compositions of Purandardas, the tradition. The show is mostly musical Kanakdas, Vijaydas, Bodhendraguruswami, but sometimes there may be a few Thyagaraj, etc. are sung in Karnatak. spontaneous dialogues. The characters In Gujarat Saint Narasi Mehta gave representing gods use wooden masks. The momentum to the Bhakti movement. In show ends by breaking dahihandi, an Maharashtra, Saint Namadeva supported the earthen pot of curds, followed by aarati, tradition of bhajan-keertan through the singing praises of the God. tradition of Varakari sect. The Varakari sect developed a glorious tradition of instruments, dance and humour. He needs bhajan-keertan. to be very well informed. Keertan is performed in a temple or in the precincts You would like to know this : of a temple. There are two main traditions of Lalit : Lalit is an old form of keertan, (1) Naraadiya or Haridasi entertainment in Maharashtra. It belongs (2) Varakri. Haridasi keertan is a solo performance. It has two parts, Poorvarang to the tradition of Naradiya Keertan. It is and Uttarrang. Naman (praising god), quite popular in Goa and Konkan. Nirupanacha Abhang (singing a During the performance of Lalit on the composition that leads to the main theme) occasion of religious festivals, it is and Nirupan (explanation of the main presumed that the presiding deity of that theme) comprise the Poorvarang. festival is present on the throne and then Narration of a story to illustrate the main she is invoked for fulfilment of a desire. theme comprises Uttarrang. In the The invocation continues as follows : “Let Varkari Keertan collective participation everybody be granted their desire. Let is more important. The players of cymbals entire village live in happiness till we also play an important part along with perform next Lalit. Let the internal the keertankar. During the independence clashes vanish with this performance of movement a new type of Keertan was Lalit. Let nobody’s mind be spoilt with developed, known as Rashtriya Keertan. prejudice. Let all transactions happen It places more importance on creating with clear minds. Let the community’s awareness by narrating the life stories of behaviour be pious.” great leaders of the Indian independence movement, scientists, social reformers, The Lalit is performed in a theatrical etc. The tradition of Rashtriya Keertan style. Stories of Krishana, Rama and great was started by Dattopant Patwardhan of devotees are presented during the Wai in Maharashtra. performance. A few texts of Lalit are Members of the Satyashodhak Samaj available in Hindi as well. Lalit forms a founded by Mahatma Jyotirao Phule also part of the backdrop of modern Marathi used Keertan as a medium of creating theatre. social awareness. The style of Keertan by Bharud : Bharud can be described as Saint Gadge Maharaj resembled closely a metaphorical song that has spiritual and to Satyashodhak style of Keertan. He ethical lessons. Bharud is comparable to used to throw light on issues like abolition the style of a road show. Bharuds composed of caste, cleanliness, deaddiction, etc. by Saint Eknath are popular in Maharashtra Keertan : Traditionally, Naradmuni because of its wide range of subjects, is supposed to be the founder of the dramatic quality, easy rhythm and humour. Keertana tradition. Saint Namadev is Saint Eknath composed Bharuds with a known as the first keertankar of purpose of educating people on various Maharashtra. Other saints helped the aspects of life. tradition to flourish. Tamasha : Tamasha is a Persian The keertankar is also known as word. It means a ‘pleasing sight’. Tamasha Haridas or Kathekaribuva. He has to dress developed as an independent art form in in a traditional way. He needs to train the 18th century, by absorbing various himself in oratory, singing, musical traits of folk theatre and classical arts. There are two types of traditional Tamasha, as well as the audience is essential for a Sangeet Bari and Dholakicha Phad. Dance successful performance. The theatre and music are more important than drama comprises several factors such as script, in a Sangeet Bari. Tamasha with drama director, artists, make-up, costumes, stage, as the main part, was developed later. It art design (backdrop of the stage), lighting included Vag, the dramatic part, little arrangement, audience and critics. Dance later. The Vag becomes very lively and and music can also be part of a drama. A entertaining because of its spontaneous drama is usually enacted with the help of humour. The show begins by singing the dialogues. However, mime can also be praise of Lord Ganesha, known as Gana. used as the medium of expression. It is followed with the presentation of The rulers of the Bhosale family of Gavalan. The second part of Tamasha Tanjore were great patrons of drama. presents the Vag. The popular plays like Some of them had written a few plays Vichchha Mazi Puri Kara or Gadhavache and also translated Sanskrit plays. The Lagna are examples of the modern form 19th century saw a great development of of Tamasha. the Marathi thetre. Vishnudas Bhave is Powada : Powada is a dramatic known as the father of the Marathi narration by alternatingly reciting poetry theatre. Seetaswayamvar was the first and prosaic extracts. Powada narrates play presented by him. great deeds of heroic men and women in The movement started by Vishnudas a very forceful and inspiring style. The Bhave was followed in Maharashtra by Powada composed by Adnyandas, a historical, mythological and also light contemporary poet of Chhatrapti Shivaji farcical stage plays. The farcical plays Maharaj, narrating the incidence of the dealt with social issues in a humorous way. killing of Afzal Khan and another one on Initially no written scripts were used.
Recommended publications
  • Realism in Vijay Tendulkar's Ghashiram Kotwal (1972)
    SJ IMPACT FACTOR: 2.912 CRDEEP Journals Global Journal of Current Research Anamika Gupta Vol. 5 No. 2 ISSN: 2320-2920 Global Journal of Current Research Vol. 5 No. 2. 2017. Pp. 88-97 ©Copyright by CRDEEP. All Rights Reserved. Full Length Research Paper Realism in Vijay Tendulkar’s Ghashiram Kotwal (1972) Anamika Gupta Research Scholar, Department of English & MELs, University of Allahabad, Allahabad. Article history Abstract Received: 08-08-2017 This paper is an attempt to expose the use of realism in the play Ghashiram Kotwal (1972) by Vijay Revised: 12-08-2017 Tendulkar. As society and politics have strongly been highlighted in Vijay Tendulkar’s Plays, this Accepted: 14-08-2017 play also highlights the harsh and bare realities of society, especially those of politics, administration and religion. As a social realist, he presents the black side of humanity in his plays. While dealing Corresponding Author: with the realistic portrayal of the contemporary socio-political senerio, Tendulkar underscores various Anamika Gupta, social and political evils such as hypocrisy, casteism, prostitution, decline of moral and human Research Scholar, values, patriarchy, power game, violence (sexual and political) corruption in politics and Department of English & administration. MELs, University of Allahabad, Allahabad. Keywords: Power, Violence, Power politics, Casteism, Patriarchy, Religion, Corruption, Hypocrisy, Moral degradation, Realism (Political, Social and Psychological). Realism is a movement in art, which started in the mid nineteenth century in France, and later spread to the entire world. Realism entered literature at almost at the same time. Its real objective was to root out what is called romantic in literature and art, to insert what is real.
    [Show full text]
  • Odisha's Unique Theatre Form – Mughal Tamasha
    Odisha Review JUNE - 2013 Odisha’s Unique Theatre Form – Mughal Tamasha Rabi Sankar Rath Rapid urbanization of the country accelerated by some near to extinction and some languishing and industrialization, globalization and development; breathing their last. It is therefore, necessary to ‘folk culture’ is no more cradled in the rustic do a comprehensive study of these performing hamlets of the country side. One does get to see art forms before they are extinct and people are some forms frequently manifested in city suburbs no longer able to relate to it, explain it, and largely because of a huge section of the rural understand it. Given institutional and social support audience has moved to the city in search of a new these forms can be revived, preserved and life and better livelihoods. While sophisticated TV fostered as unique art forms for both rural and and cinema is increasingly becoming common urban populace. recreation methods for these groups, they still yearn for familiar jatra, pala, daskathia or a The history of folk art in any country is theatre performance that takes them back to their obscure and therefore it is extremely difficult to roots – the rural, the rustic and the beauty and determine the exact time or period when they humility of it all. Therefore, in spite of the rapid came into existence. It is also because folk arts urbanization “folk art” still remains the art of are evolving in nature, continually adopt ‘people’ living both in urban and rural areas. themselves to changing times and needs and thus continue to lose a bit of their original form.
    [Show full text]
  • Vijay Tendulkar's Ghashiram Kotwal
    VEDA’S JOURNAL OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE (JOELL) Vol.5 Issue 1 An International Peer Reviewed Journal 2018 http://www.joell.in RESEARCH ARTICLE VIJAY TENDULKAR’S GHASHIRAM KOTWAL : THEME OF POWER AND KNOWLEDGE Mintu Patra (Research Scholar (M. Phil), Mewar University, Chittorgarh, India) ABSTRACT Vijay Tendulkar (1928-2008) is ranked as one of the three maestros of Indian theatre–Girish Karnad and Badal Sircar may be taken as the other two. Of them Tendulkar has been the most prolific and perhaps the most popular playwright among the general theatre-goers—an artist who dedicated himself completely to the cause of theater. Tendulkar has been persistent in incorporating new form and techniques in his theatre to make it both philosophically thought – provoking and aesthetically satisfying. His theatre is appealing both to the common audience and aesthetically satisfying. His theatre is appealing both to the common audience and intellectual theatre –critics. He uses folk forms in modern theatre made waves. He has experienced how in a hegemonic culture people exploit others through different strategies—social, economic and even cultural. It may be said that this knowledge of Tendulkar functioned as a stimulus for him to undertake such themes as love and betrayal, sex and violence, politics and revenge in course of his long career as a playwright. Again the subject of exploitation is so hauntingly present in his theatre that any sensitive reader might find some affinity with the theoretical propositions of ‘power and knowledge’ as enunciated by Foucault in his seminal work Power/Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writings 1972- 1977.
    [Show full text]
  • Vijay Tendulkar's Ghashiram Kotwal
    VEDA’S JOURNAL OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE (JOELL) Vol.5 Issue 1 An International Peer Reviewed Journal 2018 http://www.joell.in RESEARCH ARTICLE VIJAY TENDULKAR’S GHASHIRAM KOTWAL : THEME OF POWER AND KNOWLEDGE Mintu Patra (Research Scholar (M. Phil), Mewar University, Chittorgarh, India) ABSTRACT Vijay Tendulkar (1928-2008) is ranked as one of the three maestros of Indian theatre–Girish Karnad and Badal Sircar may be taken as the other two. Of them Tendulkar has been the most prolific and perhaps the most popular playwright among the general theatre-goers—an artist who dedicated himself completely to the cause of theater. Tendulkar has been persistent in incorporating new form and techniques in his theatre to make it both philosophically thought – provoking and aesthetically satisfying. His theatre is appealing both to the common audience and aesthetically satisfying. His theatre is appealing both to the common audience and intellectual theatre –critics. He uses folk forms in modern theatre made waves. He has experienced how in a hegemonic culture people exploit others through different strategies—social, economic and even cultural. It may be said that this knowledge of Tendulkar functioned as a stimulus for him to undertake such themes as love and betrayal, sex and violence, politics and revenge in course of his long career as a playwright. Again the subject of exploitation is so hauntingly present in his theatre that any sensitive reader might find some affinity with the theoretical propositions of ‘power and knowledge’ as enunciated by Foucault in his seminal work Power/Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writings 1972- 1977.
    [Show full text]
  • Marathi Theatre in Colonial India the Case of Sangeet Sthanik-Swarajya Athva Municipality
    Südasien-Chronik - South Asia Chronicle 5/2015, S. 287-304 © Südasien-Seminar der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin ISBN: 978-3-86004-316-5 Tools of Satire: Marathi Theatre in Colonial India The Case of Sangeet Sthanik-Swarajya athva Municipality SWARALI PARANJAPE [email protected] Introduction Late nineteenth and early twentieth century colonial India witnessed a remarkable change in its social and political manifestations. After the Great Rebellion of 1857-8, the East India Company, until then domi- nating large parts of the Indian subcontinent, lost its power and the 288 British Crown officially took over power. The collision with the British and their Raj, as the British India was also called by its contem- poraries, not only created mistrust among the people and long-term resistance movements against the impact of foreign rule, it also generated an asymmetrical flow between cultural practices, ideologies, philosophies, art and literatures. This is evident in various Indian languages and Marathi is no exception. Marathi is one of the prominent modern Indian languages and the official language of the State Maharashtra. According to the Census of India 2001, it is the fourth most spoken language in India, after Hindi, Bengali and Punjabi. Traces of satire in Marathi literature can be found in the literary works of Marathi writers as far back as the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. By the second half of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, during the colonial era, satire was abundantly used in the literature of Western India. Satire for these Marathi intellectuals – themselves products of the British colonial encounter – was a powerful literary mode to critique the colonial regime and the prevalent social evils of the time.
    [Show full text]
  • Folk Theatre Forms of India: Tamasha,Significance of Props
    Folk Theatre Forms of India: Tamasha Tamasha is considered a major traditional dance form of the Marathi theatre, which includes celebration filled with dancing and singing and is performed mainly by nomadic theatre groups throughout the Maharashtra region. The word “Tamasha” is loaned from Persian, which in turn loaned it from Arabic, meaning a show or theatrical entertainment.​1​ In the Armenian language, “To do a Tamasha” means to follow an exciting and fun process or entertainment. Unofficially, this word has come to represent commotion or display full of excitement.​1​ The traditional form of Tamasha was inspired by a lot of other art forms like Kathakali, Kaveli, ghazals etc. The region of Maharashtra had a long theatrical tradition, with early references to the cave inscriptions at Nashik by Gautami Balashri, the mother of the 1st-century Satavahana ruler, Gautamiputras Satakarni. The inscription mentions him organizing Utsava’s a form of theatrical entertainment for his subjects.​1​ Tamasha acquired a distinct form in the late Peshwa period of the Maratha Empire and incorporated elements from older traditional forms like Dasavatar, Gondhal, Kirtan etc. Traditional Tamasha format consisted of dancing boys known as Nachya, who also played women’s roles, a poet-composer known as Shahir, who played the traditional role of Sutradhar, who compered the show. However, with time, women started taking part in Tamasha.​2​ Marathi theatre marked its journey at the beginning of 1843.​3​ In the following years, Tamasha primarily consisted of singing and dancing, expanded its range and added small dramatic skits known as Vag Natya.​3​ These included long narrative poems performed by the Shahir and his chorus, with actors improvising their lines.
    [Show full text]
  • Conceptualising Popular Culture ‘Lavani’ and ‘Powada’ in Maharashtra
    Special articles Conceptualising Popular Culture ‘Lavani’ and ‘Powada’ in Maharashtra The sphere of cultural studies, as it has developed in India, has viewed the ‘popular’ in terms of mass-mediated forms – cinema and art. Its relative silence on caste-based cultural forms or forms that contested caste is surprising, since several of these forms had contested the claims of national culture and national identity. While these caste-based cultural practices with their roots in the social and material conditions of the dalits and bahujans have long been marginalised by bourgeois forms of art and entertainment, the category of the popular lives on and continues to relate to everyday lives, struggles and labour of different classes, castes and gender. This paper looks at caste-based forms of cultural labour such as the lavani and the powada as grounds on which cultural and political struggles are worked out and argue that struggles over cultural meanings are inseparable from struggles of survival. SHARMILA REGE he present paper emerged as a part tested and if viewed as a struggle to under- crete issues of the 1970s; mainly the re- of two ongoing concerns; one of stand and intervene in the structures and sistance of British working class men and Tdocumenting the regional, caste- processes of active domination and sub- youth, later broadening to include women based forms of popular culture and the ordination, it has a potent potential for and ethnic minorities. By the 1980s cul- other of designing a politically engaged transformative pedagogies in regional tural studies had been exported to the US, course in cultural studies for postgraduate universities.
    [Show full text]
  • Name Affiliation Title Panel Day Time Maria Sehopoulou National And
    Name Affiliation Title Panel Day Time Maria Sehopoulou National and Kapodistrian Transnational Diversities and National Singularities: the Case of Nordic Drama Abroad 14 11:00- University of Athens August Strindberg and his Reception in Greece 12:30 Svein Henrik Nyhus Centre for Ibsen Studies, Ibsen in America - a centralized narrative? Nordic Drama Abroad 14 11:00- University of Oslo 12:30 Kamaluddin Nilu University of Oslo No Local is Anymore Local: A Transcultural Adaptation of Ibsen’s Nordic Drama Abroad 14 11:00- Peer Gynt 12:30 José Camões Centre for Theatre Studies ReCET the past: Tools for a modern theatre archaeology Digital Archives 14 11:00- 12:30 John Andreasen Dramaturgy, Aarhus University, Eternal Presence – How to create a Community Play Archive? Digital Archives 14 11:00- Denmark 12:30 Bernadette Cochrane University of Queensland Remaindering the Remains: the digital, the live, and the archive Digital Archives 14 11:00- 12:30 Kotla Hanumantha rao Potti Sriramulu Telugu University Surabhi – The Pioneer in Stagecraft Echoes of Indian Pasts in the Theatre 14 11:00- 12:30 Ramakrishnan Muthiah Central University of Jharkhand Resisting the Stratified World: Understanding the Role of Folk Echoes of Indian Pasts in the Theatre 14 11:00- Theatre for the Marginalized Communities in India 12:30 Tithi Chakraborty Budge Budge Institute of Echoes of Social, Political and Economic Crises in the Theatre of Echoes of Indian Pasts in the Theatre 14 11:00- Technology Bengal, India 12:30 Sofie Taubert Institute of Media Culture and Shipwreck
    [Show full text]
  • Vijay Tendulkar's Ghasiram Kotwal by Mr. Deepak
    Vijay Tendulkar’s Ghasiram Kotwal Deepak Assistant Professor (English, MGCUB) Former, Jr. Research Assistant, Penn State University, USA Ghashiram Kotwal Ghashiram Kotwal is a historical play, and the dates goes back to the rule of Nana Peshwa Violence and Sexual instinct play an important role for the construction of theme and content. Ghasiram, the Kotwal, is embodiment of violence whereas Nana Phadnavis represents sexual urge. Gauri, the daughter of Kotwal, stands for the cruelty against women by men to achieve their target. She is silent victim of violence. Vijay Tendulkar Vijay Tendulkar is one of the most controverisal Indian dramatist. His controversial drama includes Silence! The Court is Session and Sakharam Binder but, Ghashiram Kotwal is considered by many his most controversial play. According to Tendulkar, “Ghashirams are creations of socio-political forces which know no barriers of time and place.” Structure Two-act play Song, dance and music are integral part of the plot construction Story revolves around Ghasiram Savaldas’s rise and fall to the position of Kotwal of Poona and then his death through mob after a plot being hatched by Nana Phadnavis. Acquiring power remains the main thrust play, whereas, who challenged the authorities deserves nothing more than death. Various folk forms like Dashavatar, Khel, Tamasha, Kirtan and Bharud are employed by dramatist to make it more appealing to the regional audience. Moral corruption is depicted when Kotwal exchanges his daughter , Gauri, to Nana for the post of Kotwal. In the end, Nana order a mob lynching of Ghasiram without any hesitation: “Use a thorn to take out a thorn.
    [Show full text]
  • Ghashiram Kotwal’’
    ‘A Study of Dramatic Devices of Politicking invested by Tendulkar in ‘Ghashiram Kotwal’’ A Seminar Paper by Dr. Uttam B. Parekar (Associate Professor, Ph.D. Supervisor, Head (Dept. of English) Yeshwant Mahavidyalaya, Wardha (M.S.) Date: 25th February 2017 Introduction of the Speaker Name: Dr. Uttam Baburao Parekar Date of Birth: 05-07-1959 Qualification: M.A.(English), M.Phil., B.Ed. & Ph.D. Ph.D. Supervisor Principal Investigator of UGC’s Major Research Project Office Address: Yeshwant Mahavidyalaya, Wardha (M.S.) Creative Pursuits: Writing Short Stories & Plays; Drama Actor, Director; Playing Banjo, Flute & Harmonium Home Address: Prof. Uttam B. Parekar, Sahakar-Nagar, Near Sai- Nagar, Wardha, Ta & Dist. Wardha (M.S.) Mobile No. 09921436640 Email: [email protected] Vijay Tendulkar as a celebrated Marathi Playwright 1- Prestigious Awards 2- Translation Works 3- His Plays: Full Length Plays- 27. One Act Plays- 7 4-Place of Tendulkar in the tradition of Marathi dramatists I-Theatre revived after lapse of ten centuries with the setting up of proscenium in 1874 Kirloskar’s ‘Soubhadra’ and translations of Sanskrit & English Plays in to Marathi Musical Plays II- After 1906 Khadilkar’s plays gave social dimension to the plays e. g. ’Kichak Wadha’ III- After 1935 the Realism of Ibsen, Shaw & Existentialism influenced e.g. Atre’s plays IV- Post Independence Playwrights: Tendulkar, Girish Karnad, Mohan Rakesh, Badal Sircar…Anti-Hero, Alienation, Situation into aesthetic experience, naturalism, Reality through history and myths Brecht’s V-Effect
    [Show full text]
  • Russian Drama in Marath I Polysystem 255
    RUSSIAN DRAMA IN MARATH I POLYSYSTEM 255 Chapter VI: RUSSIAN DRAMA IN MARATHI POLYSYSTEM I A brief discussion o,n the theoretical aspect of translation of drama: Before examining the specific trends in drama translation, it is essential to place the main streams in the area of theatre translation within the framework of broader main streams in literary translation theory. It is observed that drama translation generally follows these trends. As we have already discussed in Chapter II, in the last twenty-five years there have been two major conflicting developments in the translation theory. The linguistically-oriented trend considers literary translation as a process of textual transfer. This is an ST oriented approach. In this approach translation scholars draw on recent work in descriptive linguistics. They attempt to grasp systematically the syntactic, stylistic and pragmatic properties of the texts in question. Moving away from comparative textual analysis, attempts are also made to set translations and their reception within the context of the receiving culture. This involves the study of the translations in the TL culture. The focus is not on mere textual transfer, but on cultural mediation and interchange. With regard to the first trend, Bogatyrev in discussing the function of the linguistic system in theatre in relation to the total experience states: Linguistic expression in theatre is a structure of signs constituted not only as discourse signs, but also as other signs. (Bogatyrev 1971:517-30) In a study of the specific problems of literary translation, with particular reference to the translation of dramatic texts, Susan Bassnet states that: In trying to formulate any theory of theatre translation, Bogatyrev's description of linguistic expression must be taken into account, and the 256 linguistic element must be translated bearing in mind its function in theatre discourse as a whole.
    [Show full text]
  • Department of Performing Arts ( Drama) Course out Come
    Department of Performing Arts ( Drama) Course out come: The mission of the course is to facilitate transformative experiences for students and the public through theatre and dance, which cultivate compassionate, creative and collaborative communities. It embraces the university's mission to promote the intellectual, cultural and personal development of its students, and to serve as a center of cultural and professional activity in Koppal, Ballari as well as Vijayanagara District area. The courseprovides experiences that prepare students for teaching careers, graduate school or professional internships, and professional or recreational careers. The Dpartment of Performing Arts ( Drama) degree is designed for the student who plans a career in theatre . It also enumarts the student to become self dependent and self empolyed. Programme out come: Drama- 1nd Semester 1.1: FOLK THEATRE FORM OF INDIA: Student explore the interesting and ancient history of Indian theatre. Learn about the Indian theatrical art form through the classical, traditional, and modern periods, including indigenous and Western cultural influences. At the end of semester students imbibe the knowneledge of differnt folk froms of diferent stats whic is enrihing his under standing on theater 1.2 : INDIAN THEATRE: Stuents will endorse; how soon after India's Independence scene of thre theatre began to change radically. The impact of profesional theatre began to wane. Entertainment theatre received a set-back due to the challenge of the more popular genre of cinema. They will also understand how amateur theatre continued to flourish in big cities like Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata and Bangalore. 1.3.: KARNATAKA THEATRE: End of the semester staktholder will learn the origin and development of theatre in Karnataka .Influence of Marathi theatre clearly known by the stuendts Stunds wiil imbibe the knowledge of suport of the King and land lords to the profesional theatre in karnataka.
    [Show full text]