The Coleopterists Bulletin, 68(3): 441–599. 2014.

THE GROUND (COLEOPTERA:CARABIDAE)FAUNA OF MAINE, USA

RICHARD G. DEARBORN Forest & Disease Laboratory, Maine Dept. of Agriculture, Conservation and Forestry 168 State House Station, Augusta, ME 04333-0168, U.S.A.

ROBERT E. NELSON Department of Geology, Colby College 5804 Mayflower Hill, Waterville, ME 04901-8858, U.S.A. [email protected]

CHARLENE DONAHUE Forest Insect & Disease Laboratory, Maine Dept. of Agriculture, Conservation and Forestry 168 State House Station, Augusta, ME 04333-0168, U.S.A.

ROSS T. BELL Department of Biology, Marsh Life Science Building, University of Vermont Burlington, VT 05405-0086, U.S.A.

AND

REGINALD P. W EBSTER 24 Mill Stream Drive, Charters Settlement, NB E3C 1X1, CANADA

ABSTRACT A survey of the modern carabid fauna of Maine has shown that the fauna consists of 425 documented , 14 more than previously documented for the Maine fauna in the latest catalog for the family in or in the most recent checklist on the state beetle fauna. New state records are cupreum Dejean, anthobia Villa and Villa, Anisodactylus laetus Dejean, intermedium Kirby, Bembidion sejunctum sejunctum Casey, vulcanoides Erwin, Diplocheila impressicollis Dejean, Elaphropus dolosus LeConte, Lebia grandis Hentz, Myas coracinus Say, Olisthopus micans LeConte, Panagaeus fasciatus Say, Pentagonica picticornis Bates, and Tachyta parvicornis Notman. The record for B. sejunctum sejunctum is the first for the species in the eastern United States. A recent record for Omophron labiatum (F.) in the state could not be substantiated by any specimen. Notes on biology are presented for species for which that knowledge exists. Distributions are presented for all taxa based on standard biophysical regions for the state and the knowledge of those distributions; distribution maps are presented for all species for which township records are known and for which we have specimen records in our database. Work on better defining the current distributional limits is ongoing. Several adventive European taxa have already exhibited very rapid dispersal across the state.

Key Words: biodiversity, Nearctic, distribution, biology, maps

Knowledge of the distribution of organisms on European honeybees in California (Core on Earth is intrinsically important to under- et al. 2012), for example, are helping to focus standing the total biosphere, its functions, and attention on the roles of native pollinators – its potential interactions with the climatic and long ignored by most, even in the entomo- human environment. Knowledge of the insect logical communities. fauna in particular is important, as and The family Carabidae among the is birds are the two major groups of organisms in one of the largest in the world, with approxi- which most species are capable of flight, and mately 33,905 described species thus far, including thus sufficiently mobile to be able to respond Cicindelini (Bousquet 2012), with 2,635 species- rapidly to environmental change. The ecological group taxa reported from North America north habits of many insects are also not at all under- of Mexico by Bousquet and Larochelle (1993). stood, yet they play pivotal roles in ecosys- Bousquet (2012), however, estimated that the tem nutrient cycling or other critical functions. true number of North American carabid species- Recent episodes of parasitism by native flies group taxa would eventually number about

441 442 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014

2,560 (2,676 including all Geadephaga), given 2008) and butterflies in Massachusetts (Breed assumptions about the potential synonymization et al. 2013). Exploration of previously ignored of numerous Casey species with future revisions or insufficiently sampled microhabitats can of various groups. also yield new species to the list, as was found Lindroth (1961– 1969b) provided the first with the discovery of the previously unknown major review of North American Carabidae species Platynus indecentis by Liebherr and across all species, though his studies addressed Will (1996). only the Canadian-Alaskan fauna and excluded Major recent works (Larochelle and Larivière the Cicindelini. Nonetheless, most of the species 1990; Bousquet 2010, 2012; Majka et al. 2011) in the Maine fauna were included in this valu- have documented well the overall carabid fauna able major work. Although they clearly stated of the state, though detailed distributions within that it was not to be considered a state list, the the state have not been attempted previously; for annotated catalogue of the Maine Forest Service many species, the numbers of specimens known (MFS) collection by Dearborn and Donahue are too few to allow definitive statements to be (1993) was apparently the first systematic list made of where a species is or is not to be found. of the carabid fauna of Maine and included some It should be noted that Bousquet (2010, 2012) 145 species that could be found in the state col- listed a number of species for the state for which lection (including Cicindelidae, which they listed we have been unable to locate specimens, but which as a separate family). Bousquet and Larochelle presumably are present in more recent additions (1993) listed 343 species in the state fauna in their to the Canadian National Collection in Ottawa catalogue of the family for all of North America, than were there when we conducted our survey of which Bousquet (2010) subsequently expanded to their holdings. Majka et al. (2011) accepted all 393 species and then (Bousquet 2012) to 411 species of Bousquet’s (2010) records and added 36 new by accepting the additions contributed by Majka records to the known state fauna. et al. (2011) in their valuable synthesis of the This project was undertaken in 1995 as a entire Maine beetle fauna. companion study to a survey of the Vermont This rich diversity is made possible by habitat and New Hampshire carabid faunas undertaken and/or food preference specializations among by Ross and Joyce Bell, similar to the way in many taxa, allowing closely related species to which Chris Majka and colleagues (Majka 2005; occupy numerous discrete microhabitats within Majka et al. 2006, 2007, 2008; Majka and Bousquet a small area. It is this habitat specialization that 2008; Majka and Gilhen 2008; Majka and Vickery makes their potential as environmental indicators 2008; Webster and Bousquet 2008; Webster so significant. and DeMerchant 2012) Majka et al. 2006, 2007, Geographically, Maine is also particularly well 2008 have been very efficiently and effectively situated as a potential biothermometer of the clarifying our knowledge of the carabid fauna of impacts of regional environmental change. Situ- the adjacent Maritime Provinces of Canada. Our ated in the northeastern corner of the USA, the long-term goals are to document as thoroughly as state borders only one other US state (New possible what is known of the modern carabid Hampshire, to the west) but two Canadian prov- beetle fauna of the state of Maine, based on actual inces to the north (Québec and New Brunswick). specimens (or recent highly reliable literature Since this location also lies in the ecotonal sources) and to be able to delimit the range of each boundary between the boreal conifer forest and of these species, in a manner comparable to that the eastern hardwood forest of North America, achieved by Larochelle (1975) for the carabid many eastern North American species reach their fauna of Québec and Labrador. Thus, our study northern or southern distributional limits within will complement that of Krinsky and Oliver (2001) the state. for Connecticut and that of Sikes (2004) for Knowledge of current distributions of native Rhode Island; when the Vermont-New Hampshire species is also critical for understanding future fauna is published, only Massachusetts will remain changes in their distributions due to climate change. without its own statewide carabid survey among This is also particularly important with regards the New England states. to documenting rates of spread for adventive taxa This paper represents a preliminary report on that have readily become established in the state that study, based on a total of over 5,400 indi- (e.g., Harpalus rufipes (DeGeer) and Harpalus vidual species records (= species × townships rubripes (Duftschmid)). of record) for the state as a whole. Work is con- A warming climate may also result in north- tinuing and the long-term plan is to produce a ward spread of taxa previously restricted to more more comprehensive report when we believe southern latitudes, as has already been docu- the overall fauna is much better understood. This mented for deer ticks in Maine (Lubelczyk current work is intended as a status report on the THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 443 results of the first decade of study undertaken. documentation, including Bousquet (2012) and Specimen data are complete as of the year 2000, Majka et al. (2011). Locality records in recent and thus must be seen as a “snapshot”; of what taxonomic revisions of Harpalus Latreille (Noonan was known of the fauna at that time, although 1991), Anisodactylus Dejean (Noonan 1996), and recent literature records of major significance Pseudoperyphus Hatch (Maddison, 2008) were (Maddison 2008; Ward and Mays 2010) have accepted, as were records from the recent syn- also been included. Although work is continuing thesis on Cicindelinae (Leonard and Bell 1999) by several workers on Maine specimens, revisiting and the intensive early faunal surveys of Mount all collections to include newer records, however, Desert Island (Procter 1946), with the was not feasible. Undoubtedly, much remains to of this last source brought into conformity with be found and documented. modern usage. The Procter Collection is currently Some recent taxonomic changes have, for prac- housed at Acadia National Park in Bar Harbor, tical reasons, not been incorporated in our paper. Maine, with annual additions to the fauna being TheseincludethereturnofAcalathus advena made through Entomological BioBlitzes usually (LeConte) to the Calathus Stephens, the focused on individual orders (Chandler et al. 2012; transfer of Cicindela marginata (F.) to the genus www.nps.gov/acad/naturescience/bioblitz.htm). Ellipsoptera Dokhturow, the transfer of Stenolophus Older specimens in museum collections rarely conjunctus (Say) and Stenolophus rotundicollis have specific collecting technique data, but those (Haldeman) to the genus Agonoleptus Casey, collected specifically for this study have been and the return of Paratachys Casey to a subgenus found by numerous techniques, including visual of Tachys Melsheimer (as per Bousquet 2012). collecting of specimens active by day and by dis- Higher classification changes that could be accom- covering the hiding places of nocturnal taxa, by modated have been accepted. However, we feel turning over rocks, logs, and debris, by lifting bark that retaining older identifications of these taxa will from fallen logs, by pitfall and open pan trap- minimally detract from the usefulness of our study, ping, marsh and bog treading, incandescent and if at all. blacklight traps, sifting through litter and decay- ing organic matter, as well as by flight-intercept, MATERIAL AND METHODS Malaise, and sticky traps, and Berlese funnel extractions. Identifications of specimens collected The vast majority of records included in this for this study were based on published literature study are based on specimens in existing regional (Lindroth 1961–1969b) and comparisons with collections, with records through 2000. Records authoritatively identified specimens. Taxonomy from major regional collections and several pri- has been brought into accord with the latest vate collections are included, as well as a very revisions (Bousquet and Larochelle 1993; Bousquet small number of more recent specimen records 2010, 2012). Most species in our database can be that have been included for particularly note- identified using keys in Bousquet (2010), although worthy taxa. four species ( indistinctus Dejean,Amara Collections from which data have been included anthobia Villa and Villa, Anisodactylus laetus in this study include: Dejean, and Tachyta parvicornis Notman) were previously unknown in the region and thus are CNC Canadian National Collection of Insects, ’ Arachnids, and Nematodes not represented in Bousquet skey. MCZ Museum of Comparative Zoology at For species readily identified visually that Harvard University were encountered in ecologically sensitive areas MFS Maine Forest Service (e.g., tiger beetles in state or national parks MIFW Maine Department of Inland Fisheries or nature preserves), reasonable and reliable and Wildlife sight records were also accepted; however, only PROC Procter Collection, Acadia National Park a very small handful of these records were PVT Private collections for which the owners included in our database. Records were entered preferred to remain anonymous into a computerized database compatible with RENC Robert E. Nelson Collection the Maine state collections integrated database RPWC Reginald P. Webster Collection and based on species records per individual town- UCD University of California at Davis (1 speci- ship (Figs. 1, 2). Multiple specimens of a single men only) species from a single township, even if col- UNH University of New Hampshire lected by multiple collectors, were counted as UVM University of Vermont a single record. What is known of the Maine and gen- Literature records were carefully selected to eral geographic range of taxa, their biology, include only those with the most trustworthy of flight dynamics, and habitat preferences are 444 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014

Fig. 1. Map of Maine showing all counties and townships of the state, as used in this study; inset shows location of Maine within the USA. THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 445

Fig. 2. Map of Maine showing biophysical regions of the state, as defined by the Maine Forest Service. covered species by species (Appendix 1). Town- given species were blackened (Plates 1–46). ship records in a Microsoft Excel database Species listed in Bousquet and Larochelle were used to generate statewide distribution (1993), Bousquet (2010, 2012) and Majka et al. maps in which the townships recorded for a (2011) for which there are state records only, 446 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 with no precise locality data, are excluded from Bembidion intermedium Kirby, B. sejunctum the maps. sejunctum Casey, Brachinus vulcanoides Erwin, Diplocheila impressicollis Dejean, Elaphropus dolosus LeConte, Lebia grandis Hentz, Myas RESULTS coracinus Say, Olisthopus micans LeConte, A total of 5,420 individual records comprise Panagaeus fasciatus Say, Pentagonica picticornis the basis for this study, representing records from Bates, and T. parvicornis. 474, or about 52%, of the 911 townships in Maine; Very likely, there are more species in the state 48% of the townships in the state are thus not that have not yet been documented. This is a represented by a single specimen, and many more reflection of the generally poor record of col- are represented by five or fewer species. Only lecting and documentation in the state compared 11 townships (Bar Harbor, Belgrade, Fairfield, to other areas in the region. Maine was a blank Lebanon, Lewiston, Mt. Desert, Mt. Vernon, in distribution maps of many species prior to Norridgewock, Orono, Sidney, and Waterville) 1980, other than for high alpine taxa collected have been so intensively collected that they are in the summit area of Mount Katahdin or species represented by more than 50 species in the data- from Mount Desert Island studied by Procter and base; of these, the seven townships of Belgrade, colleagues (Procter 1946). Fairfield, Lewiston, Mt. Vernon, Norridgewock, Sidney, and Waterville are clustered near the DISCUSSION central part of the state. Clearly, data are currently insufficient to justify an attempt to map precise The total number of species of Carabidae statewide distribution limits for most taxa. represented in our database is 402. Bousquet However, all the biophysical regions of the (2010) listed 364 species for the state, adding state (Fig. 2) have been sampled. Not surpris- 21 new records to the 343 documented earlier ingly, the best-known is the Central Maine (Bousquet and Larochelle, 1993). Majka et al. Embayment biophysical region, which includes (2011) expanded this list to 411 species of seven of the 11 best-studied townships. Surpris- Carabidae from Maine, now all accepted in ingly, the state’s largest city (Portland) is barely the more recent Bousquet (2012) compendium. represented in the database. Fourteen species in our database represent new Our database contained locality and specimen state records not previously documented in either records for 402 species; the checklists of Majka Bousquet (2012) or Majka et al. (2011); four spe- et al. (2011) and Bousquet (2012) contained cies in our database (A. indistinctus, A. anthobia, records for 23 additional species which should A. laetus and T. parvicornis) are not listed at all also be considered part of our fauna: Acupalpus in Bousquet’s (2010) catalog and keys to the nanellus Casey, Acupalpus testaceus Dejean, Northeastern North American fauna, and thus Agonum decorum (Say), Agonum nutans (Say), would not be identifiable using his keys, which Amara crassispina LeConte, Amara neoscotica are otherwise outstanding. One species, the Casey, Bembidion impotens Casey, Bembidion coastal B. sejunctum sejunctum, represents the levigatum Say, tantillus (Dejean), first eastern US record of a species otherwise Calathus opaculus LeConte, scrutator restricted to Maritime Canada in the eastern part (F.), Elaphropus xanthopus (Dejean), Elaphrus of the continent. fuliginosus Say, Harpalus megacephalus LeConte, Someofthetaxaidentified that represent Lebia lobulata LeConte, arctica new additions to the known Maine fauna are (Paykull), Nebria suturalis LeConte, Notiobia particularly significant. Harpalus rubripes is a nitidipennis (LeConte), Notiophilus borealis recent adventive European introduction, first col- Harris, Paratachys proximus (Say), Patrobus lected in southern New Hampshire in 1981 (Bell foveocollis (Eschscholtz), Schizogenius ferrugineus and Davidson 1987). By 1986, records in our Putzeys, and Selenophorus ellipticus Dejean. The database show that the species was already in record for Omophron labiatum (F.) in Majka et al. Waterville (Kennebec County) in central Maine, (2011) was based on a database error. and by 1996 it had reached the easternmost county In this work, we document records for 14 addi- in the state, adjacent to the New Brunswick border. tional species to the 411 documented in Majka Majka et al. (2007), Webster and Bousquet (2008), et al. (2011) and Bousquet (2012), bringing the and Bousquet (2010, 2012) have now documented total known Maine carabid fauna to 425 species. the widespread presence of the species from the Table 1 lists the known fauna, with our records Canadian side of the border, in Québec as well compared to the species lists of Bousquet (2012) as the Maritime provinces of New Brunswick, and Majka et al. (2011). These new records are Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island. This is Agonum cupreum Dejean, A. anthobia, A. laetus, even more rapid than the rate of spread for the THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 447

Table 1. Checklist of the known Carabidae of Maine, showing species documented in this study compared to the faunal lists of Bousquet (2012) and Majka et al. (2011). Species are arranged taxonomically to the generic level, then alphabetically within each genus. Subtribe names are flush right in the “Tribe” column.

This Bousquet Majka Subfamily Tribe Genus Species study 2012 et al. 2011 Nebriinae Nebriini Nebria gyllenhali castanipes XX X Nebria lacustris lacustris XX X Nebria nivalis gaspesiana XX X Nebria pallipes XX X Nebria suturalis -X X Notiophilini Notiophilus aeneus XX X Notiophilus aquaticus XX X Notiophilus biguttatus XX X Notiophilus borealis -X X Notiophilus nemoralis XX X Notiophilus novemstriatus XX X Cychrini Scaphinotus bilobus XX X Scaphinotus viduus XX X Sphaeroderus canadensis canadensis XX X Sphaeroderus nitidicollis brevoorti XX X Sphaeroderus stenostomus lecontei XX X Carabini Calosoma calidum XX X Calosoma frigidum XX X Calosoma scrutator -X X Calosoma sycophanta XX X auratus XX X Carabus chamissonis XX X Carabus goryi XX X Carabus maeander XX X Carabus nemoralis XX X Carabus serratus XX X Carabus sylvosus XX X Cicindelinae Cicindelini Cicindela ancocisconensis XX X Cicindela duodecimguttata XX X Cicindela formosa generosa XX X Cicindela hirticollis rhodensis XX X Cicindela limbalis XX X Cicindela longilabris longilabris XX X Cicindela marginata XX X Cicindela marginipennis XX X Cicindela punctulata punctulata XX X Cicindela purpurea purpurea XX X Cicindela repanda repanda XX X Cicindela scutellaris lecontei XX X Cicindela sexguttata sexguttata XX X Cicindela tranquebarica tranquebarica XX X Loricerinae Loricerini Loricera pilicornis pilicornis XX X Elaphrini Blethisa julii XX X hudsonica XX X Blethisa quadricollis XX X Elaphrus americanus XX X Elaphrus californicus XX X Elaphrus cicatricosis XX X Elaphrus clairvillei XX X Elaphrus fuliginosus -X X Elaphrus olivaceus XX X Elaphrus ruscarius XX X Omophroninae Omophronini Omophron americanum XX X Omophron labiatum -X X Omophron tessellatum XX X Continued on next page 448 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014

Table 1. Continued.

This Bousquet Majka Subfamily Tribe Genus Species study 2012 et al. 2011 Clivinini americana XX X Clivina collaris XX X Clivina fossor XX X Clivina impressefrons XX X Clivina pallida XX X Schizogenius amphibius XX X Schizogenius ferrugineus -X X Schizogenius lineolatus XX X Schizogenius sulcifrons XX X Dyschirius affinis XX X Dyschirius curvispinus XX X Dyschirius dejeanii XX X Dyschirius erythrocerus XX X Dyschirius globulosus XX X Dyschirius pilosus XX X Dyschirius politus XX X Dyschirius setosus XX X Dyschirius sphaericollis XX X Dyschirius sublaevis XX X Miscodera arctica -X X Trechus apicalis XX X Trechus crassiscapus XX X Trechus rubens XX X discus XX X Bembidiina curtum XX X Bembidion americanum XX X Bembidion antiquum XX X Bembidion basicorne XX X Bembidion bellorum XX X Bembidion bruxellense XX X Bembidion carinula XX X Bembidion carolinense XX X Bembidion castor XX X Bembidion chalceum XX X Bembidion concretum XX X Bembidion confusum XX X Bembidion constrictum XX X Bembidion contractum XX X Bembidion fortestriatum XX X Bembidion frontale XX X Bembidion graciliforme XX X Bembidion grapii XX X Bembidion honestum XX X Bembidion immaturum XX X Bembidion impotens -X X Bembidion inaequale inaequale XX X Bembidion incrematum XX X Bembidion intermedium X- - Bembidion lacunarium XX X Bembidion levettei XX X Bembidion levigatum -X X Bembidion louisella XX X Bembidion mimus XX X Bembidion muscicola XX X Bembidion mutatum XX X Bembidion nigripes XX X Bembidion nigrivestis XX X Continued on next page THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 449

Table 1. Continued.

This Bousquet Majka Subfamily Tribe Genus Species study 2012 et al. 2011 Bembidion nigrum XX X Bembidion nitidum XX X Bembidion oberthueri XX X Bembidion obscurellum XX X Bembidion occultator XX X Bembidion patruele XX X Bembidion petrosum petrosum XX X Bembidion planum XX X Bembidion postremum XX X Bembidion praticola XX X Bembidion properans XX X Bembidion pseudocautum XX X Bembidion punctatostriatum XX X Bembidion quadratulum XX X Bembidion quadrimaculatum oppositum XX X Bembidion rapidum XX X Bembidion rolandi XX X Bembidion rothfelsi XX X Bembidion rusticum rusticum XX X Bembidion salebratum XX X Bembidion scopulinum XX X Bembidion sejunctum sejunctum X- - Bembidion semicinctum XX X Bembidion semistriatum XX X Bembidion simplex XX X Bembidion stephensii XX X Bembidion tetracolum XX X Bembidion transparens XX X Bembidion variegatum XX X Bembidion versicolor XX X Bembidion versutum XX X Bembidion wingatei XX X Xystosomina Mioptachys flavicauda XX X Tachyina Tachyta angulata XX X Tachyta nana inornata XX X Tachyta nana kirbyi XX X Tachyta parvicornis X- - Elaphropus anceps XX X Elaphropus dolosus X- - Elaphropus granarius XX X Elaphropus incurvus XX X Elaphropus saturatus XX X Elaphropus tripunctatus XX X Elaphropus vernicatus XX X Elaphropus vivax XX X Elaphropus xanthopus -X X Porotachys bisulcatus XX X Polyderis laevis XX X Paratachys proximus -X X Paratachys scitulus XX X Patrobinae Patrobini Diplous rugicollis XX X Patrobus foveocollis -X X Patrobus longicornis XX X Patrobus septentrionis XX X Patrobus stygicus XX X Platypatrobus lacustris XX X Psydrinae Psydrini Nomius pygmaeus XX X Continued on next page 450 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014

Table 1. Continued.

This Bousquet Majka Subfamily Tribe Genus Species study 2012 et al. 2011 Brachininae Brachinini Brachinus cordicollis XX X Brachinus cyanipennis XX X Brachinus cyanochroaticus XX X Brachinus fumans XX X Brachinus janthinipennis XX X Brachinus medius XX X Brachinus ovipennis XX X Brachinus patruelis XX X Brachinus vulcanoides X- - Pterostichini Poecilus chalcites XX X Poecilus lucublandus lucublandus XX X Gastrellarius honestus XX X Stereocerus haematopus XX X Myas coracinus X- - Myas cyanescens XX X Pterostichus adoxus XX X Pterostichus adstrictus XX X Pterostichus arcticola XX X Pterostichus brevicornis XX X Pterostichus caudicalis XX X Pterostichus commutabilis XX X Pterostichus coracinus XX X Pterostichus corrusculus XX X Pterostichus corvinus XX X Pterostichus diligendus XX X Pterostichus lachrymosus XX X Pterostichus luctuosus XX X Pterostichus melanarius XX X Pterostichus mutus XX X Pterostichus patruelis XX X Pterostichus pensylvanicus XX X Pterostichus pinguedineus XX X Pterostichus praetermissus XX X Pterostichus punctatissimus XX X Pterostichus rostratus XX X Pterostichus stygicus XX X Pterostichus tenuis XX X Pterostichus tristis XX X XX X Amara aeneopolita XX X XX X Amara angustata XX X Amara angustatoides XX X X- - XX X XX X Amara avida XX X XX X XX X Amara convexa XX X Amara crassispina -X X Amara cupreolata XX X Amara erratica XX X Amara familiaris XX X Amara flebilis XX X Amara impuncticollis XX X Amara laevipennis XX X Amara latior XX X Continued on next page THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 451

Table 1. Continued.

This Bousquet Majka Subfamily Tribe Genus Species study 2012 et al. 2011 XX X XX X Amara musculis XX X Amara neoscotica -X X Amara obesa XX X Amara otiosa XX X Amara pallipes XX X Amara patruelis XX X Amara quenseli XX X Amara rubrica XX X Amara sinuosa XX X Amara torrida XX X Oodini Oodes amaroides XX X Oodes fluvialis XX X Lachnocrepis parallela XX X Panagaeini Panagaeus fasciatus X- - Chlaeniini Chlaenius cordicollis XX X Chlaenius emarginatus XX X Chlaenius impunctifrons XX X Chlaenius laticollis XX X Chlaenius lithophilus lithophilus XX X Chlaenius niger XX X Chlaenius pensylvanicus pensylvanicus XX X Chlaenius sericeus sericeus XX X Chlaenius tomentosus tomentosus XX X Chlaenius tricolor tricolor XX X Diplocheila assimilis XX X Diplocheila impressicollis X- - Diplocheila obtusa XX X dilatatus dilatatus XX X XX X Dicaelus politus XX X grandiceps XX X Badister neopulchellus XX X Badister notatus XX X Badister micans (=ocularis) XX X Badister obtusus XX X Badister transversus XX X Anisodactylina Notiobia nitidipennis -X X Notiobia terminata XX X Xestonotus lugubris XX X Anisodactylus agricola XX X Anisodactylus discoideus XX X Anisodactylus harrisii XX X Anisodactylus kirbyi XX X Anisodactylus laetus X- - Anisodactylus merula XX X Anisodactylus nigerrimus XX X Anisodactylus nigrita XX X XX X Anisodactylus sanctaecrucis XX X Anisodactylus verticalis XX X Geopinus incrassatus XX X interstitialis XX X Amphasia sericea XX X Dicheirotrichus cognatus XX X Bradycellus atrimedeus XX X Continued on next page 452 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014

Table 1. Continued.

This Bousquet Majka Subfamily Tribe Genus Species study 2012 et al. 2011 Bradycellus badipennis XX X Bradycellus congener XX X Bradycellus kirbyi XX X Bradycellus lecontei XX X Bradycellus lugubris XX X Bradycellus neglectus XX X Bradycellus nigriceps XX X Bradycellus nigrinus XX X Bradycellus rupestris XX X Bradycellus semipubescens XX X Bradycellus tantillus -X X Stenolophus comma XX X Stenolophus conjunctus XX X Stenolophus fuliginosus XX X Stenolophus fuscatus XX X Stenolophus humidus XX X Stenolophus lecontei XX X Stenolophus lineola XX X Stenolophus ochropezus XX X Stenolophus plebejus XX X Stenolophus rotundicollis XX X XX X Acupalpus carus XX X Acupalpus indistinctus XX X Acupalpus nanellus -X X Acupalpus partiarius XX X Acupalpus pauperculus XX X Acupalpus pumilus XX X Acupalpus testaceus -X X Harpalina Ophonus puncticeps XX X Harpalus affinis XX X Harpalus caliginosus XX X Harpalus compar XX X Harpalus erraticus XX X Harpalus erythropus XX X Harpalus faunus XX X Harpalus fulvilabris XX X Harpalus herbivagus XX X Harpalus indigens XX X Harpalus laevipes XX X Harpalus laticeps XX X Harpalus lewisii XX X Harpalus megacephalus -X X Harpalus opacipennis XX X Harpalus pensylvanicus XX X Harpalus plenalis XX X Harpalus providens XX X Harpalus reversus XX X Harpalus rubripes XX X Harpalus rufipes XX X Harpalus solitaris XX X Harpalus somnulentus XX X Trichotichnus autumnalis XX X Trichotichnus vulpeculus XX X Selenophorus ellipticus -X X Selenophorus gagatinus XX X Selenophorus hylacis XX X Selenophorus opalinus XX X Continued on next page THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 453

Table 1. Continued.

This Bousquet Majka Subfamily Tribe Genus Species study 2012 et al. 2011 Pentagonicini Pentagonica picticornis X- - Sphodrini Atranopsina Pseudamara arenaria XX X Calathina Calathus gregarius XX X Calathus ingratus XX X Calathus opaculus -X X Acalathus advena XX X Synuchus impunctatus XX X Platynina Olisthopus micans X- - Olisthopus parmatus XX X obsoleta XX X Sericoda quadripunctata XX X Paranchus albipes XX X Oxypselaphus pusillus XX X Agonum aeruginosum XX X Agonum affine XX X Agonum anchomenoides XX X Agonum canadense XX X Agonum crenistriatum XX X Agonum cupreum X- - Agonum cupripenne XX X Agonum darlingtoni XX X Agonum deceptivum XX X Agonum decorum -X X Agonum excavatum XX X Agonum extensicolle XX X Agonum fidele XX X Agonum gratiosum XX X Agonum harrisii XX X Agonum lutulentum XX X Agonum melanarium XX X Agonum metallescens XX X Agonum moerens XX X XX X Agonum mutatum XX X Agonum nigriceps XX X Agonum nutans -X X Agonum octopunctatum XX X Agonum palustre XX X Agonum piceolum XX X Agonum picicornoides XX X Agonum placidum XX X Agonum propinquum XX X Agonum retractum XX X Agonum sordens XX X Agonum superioris XX X Agonum tenue XX X XX X Agonum trigeminum XX X Platynus decens XX X Platynus indecens XX X Platynus mannerheimi XX X Platynus tenuicollis XX X Atranini Atranus pubescens XX X Perigonini Perigona nigriceps XX X Perigona pallipennis XX X Odecanthini Colliuris pensylvanica XX X Continued on next page 454 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014

Table 1. Continued.

This Bousquet Majka Subfamily Tribe Genus Species study 2012 et al. 2011 Cyclosomini Tetragonoderus fasciatus XX X Cymindidina Cymindis borealis XX X Cymindis cribricollis XX X Cymindis limbata XX X Cymindis neglectus XX X Cymindis pilosa XX X Cymindis platicollis XX X Cymindis unicolor XX X Dromiusina Dromius piceus XX X Axinopalpus biplagiatus XX X Apristis latens XX X Apristis subsulcatus XX X Microlestes linearis XX X Syntomus americanus XX X Lebiina Lebia atriventris XX X Lebia fuscata XX X Lebia grandis X- - Lebia lobulata -X X Lebia moesta XX X Lebia ornata XX X Lebia pumila XX X Lebia solea XX X Lebia tricolor XX X Lebia viridipennis XX X Lebia viridis XX X Lebia vittata XX X Calleidina Calleida punctata XX X 425 spp. 402 411 411

adventive H. rufipes, first documented on Prince firmed presence in Nova Scotia (Lindroth 1969a; Edward Island in 1937, but now found throughout Bousquet 2012) means it likely is indeed part of the Maritime Provinces and southern Québec in the state fauna, since it is found south to Florida, Canada, as well as all six states of New England along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts west to Texas. (Bousquet 2012). Tiger beetles, tribe Cicindelini, are among the Chlaenius laticollis Say, previously unknown better-known groups of ground beetles in the state from north of New Hampshire (Bell 1960), was (Wilson and Brower 1983). Cicindela scutellaris abundant in 1999 in an inner coastal salt marsh lecontei Haldeman was expected to be found in in Phippsburg (Sagadahoc County), in the mid- the state fauna by Wilson and Brower (1983), but coast section of the state. This represents a sig- was only first documented in the state relatively nificant range extension for a species that would recently (Nelson and LaBonte 1989); collecting certainly have been collected had it been present in this study, however, has revealed that the spe- earlier; its relatively large size (12–14 mm) and cies is indeed widespread in the central and south- bright blue-green color make it difficult to miss. ern part of the state, with specimens collected in Majka et al. (2011) presented the first documen- 13 townships in four of the biophysical regions tation for the genus Olisthopus Dejean from (see Plate 25). Cicindela punctulata Olivier has Maine. To their records of Olisthopus parmatus likewise now been documented to occur at least (Say), we add a singular record of the much as far north as the town of Fairfield (southernmost smaller Olisthopus micans LeConte from the Somerset County; Plate 25). Cicindela marginipennis southern part of the state. Dejean was only first found in the state in 2009 Majka et al. (2011) listed O. labiatum from the (Ward and Mays 2010; Plate 25). Maine fauna, but re-evaluation of the records sug- The carabid fauna of the state of Maine pre- gests this was a database error. We have been sented here represents the most complete account- unable to locate any specimen of the species that ing thus far available. It is fully expected that new was collected within the state, although its con- species will undoubtedly be added to the list in THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 455 the future, particularly as active collecting is cur- Bousquet, Y., and A. Larochelle. 1993. Catalogue of rently underway in the southernmost extremities the Geadephaga (Coleoptera: Trachypachidae, of the state. Much collecting has taken place since Rhysodidae, Carabidae including Cicindelini) of America north of Mexico. Memoirs of the Ento- this project was undertaken, and numerous addi- – tional specimens are not here documented. How- mological Society of Canada 167: 1 397. Bousquet, Y., and J. G. Pilon. 1980. Habitat et ever, this presents at least a basal documentation cycle biologique des Sphaeroderus du Québec of the known fauna, which also shows what vast (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Cychrini). Le naturaliste areas of the state remain to be sampled. Canadien 107: 175–184. Breed, G. A., S. Stichter, and C. E. Crone. 2013. Climate-driven changes in northeastern US but- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS terfly communities. Nature Climate Change 3: 142–145. Numerous individuals contributed records and/or Chandler, D. S., D. Manski, C. Donahue, and A. specimens that have helped greatly in this study. Alyokhin. 2012. Biodiversity of the Schoodic These individuals include David Bourque, Mark Peninsula: Results of the Insect and Arachnid DesMeules, Richard Folsom, Kimberly Foss, Frank Bioblitzes at the Schoodic District of Acadia Graham, Daniel Jennings, James LaBonte, Jerry National Park, Maine. Maine Agricultural and Longcore, Leah McConaughey, Dana Michaud, Forest Experiment Station Technical Bulletin 206: – and Nancy Sferra. Field assistance in various col- 1 210. lecting seasons was lent by Jon Connolly, Dagan Core A., C. Runkel, J. Ivers, C. Quock, T. Siapno, S. DeNault, B. Brown, J. DeRisi, C. D. Loisel, Chris Nelson, Ashley Ring, Virginia Smith, and J. Hafernik. 2012. A new threat to Roberts, Melissa Trout, and Aaron Weed. Greg honey bees, the parasitic phorid fly Apocephalus T. Miller generated the GIS distribution maps from borealis. PloS One 7(1) :1–9; e29639. the state database. Henri Goulet and an anomymous doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0029639. reviewer provided thorough, insightful commen- Dearborn, R. G., and C. P.Donahue. 1993. The Forest tary and criticism and additional notes on habi- Survey of Maine: Order Coleoptera. Augusta, tat and biology that helped greatly to improve the Maine, Dept. of Conservation, Maine Forest Ser- final manuscript. vice, Technical Report No. 32. The financial, logistical, and moral support of Krinsky, W. L., and M. K. Oliver. 2001. Ground the Maine Forest Service for this project since Beetles of Connecticut (Coleoptera: Carabidae, excluding Cicindelini). Connecticut State Geo- inception is gratefully acknowledged. R. E. Nelson logical and Natural History Survey, Bulletin 117. was supported by grants from the Natural Sciences Larochelle, A. 1975. Les Carabidae du Québec et du Research Grant Fund and from the Office of the Labrador. Département de Biologie du Collège Dean of Faculty at Colby College. This project Bourget Rigaud Bulletin 1: 1–255. wasfundedinpartbygrantsfromtheUSDA Larochelle, A., and M-C. Larivière. 1990. Première Forest Service, Northeastern Area, State and Pri- mentions de Carabidae (Coleoptera) pour le vate Forestry to the Maine Forest Service (coop- Maine, le Nouveau-Brunswick, la Nouvelle- erative agreement 01-DG-11244225-134 et seq). Écosse et L’Île-du-Prince-Édouard, Fabreries 15(2): 25–37. Larochelle, A., and M-C. Larivière. 2003. A Natu- ral History of the Ground-Beetles (Coleoptera: REFERENCES CITED Carabidae) of America north of Mexico. Pensoft Beaudry, S., L. C. Duchesne, and B. Cote. 1997. Publishing, Sofia, Bulgaria. Short-term effects of three forestry practices on Leonard, J. G., and R. T. Bell. 1999. Northeastern carabid assemblages in a jack pine forest. Canadian Tiger Beetles: A Field Guide to Tiger Beetles of Journal of Forest Research 27: 2065–2071. New England and Eastern Canada. CRC Press, Bell, R. T. 1960. 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Opuscula Entomologica, Supplementum XXIV: Majka, C. G., and V. R. Vickery. 2008. Elaphropus 201–408. vivax (LeConte) (Coleoptera: Carabidae) newly Lindroth, C. H. 1966. The ground-beetles (Carabidae, recorded in the Maritime provinces. Journal of excl. Cicindelinae) of Canada and Alaska, Part 4. the Acadian Entomological Society 4: 36–37. Opuscula Entomologica, Supplementum XXIX: Nelson, R. E., and J. R. LaBonte. 1989. Rediscovery 409–648. of Cicindela ancocisconensis Harris and first Lindroth, C. H. 1968. The ground-beetles (Carabidae, records for C. scutellaris lecontei Haldeman in excl. Cicindelinae) of Canada and Alaska, Part 5. Maine. Cicindela 21: 49–54. Opuscula Entomologica, Supplementum XXXIV: Niemelä, J., D. Langor, and J. Spence. 1993. Effects 649–944. of clear-cut harvesting on boreal ground-beetle Lindroth, C. H. 1969a. The ground-beetles (Carabidae, assemblages (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in western excl. Cicindelinae) of Canada and Alaska, Part 6. Canada. Conservation Biology 7: 551–561. Opuscula Entomologica, Supplementum XXXIV: Noonan, G. R. 1991. Classification, cladistics, and natu- 945–1192. ral history of native North American Harpalus Lindroth, C. H. 1969b. The ground-beetles (Carabidae, Latreille (Insecta: Coleoptera: Carabidae: Harpalini), excl. Cicindelinae) of Canada and Alaska, Part 1. excluding subgenera Glanodes and Pseudophonus. Opuscula Entomologica, Supplementum XXXV: Entomological Society of America: Thomas Say i-xlviii. Foundation 13: 1–310. Lubelczyk, C. 2008. The expanding range of the deer Noonan, G. R. 1996. Classification, cladistics, and natu- tick in Maine. The Maine Entomologist, 12(3): ral history of species of the subgenus Anisodactylus 2–4. Dejean (Insecta: Coleoptera: Carabidae: Harpalini: Maddison, D. R. 2008. Systematics of the North Anisodactylus). Milwaukee Public Museum Con- American subgenus Pseudoperyphus (Coleop- tributions in Biology and Geology 89: 1–210. tera: Carabidae: Bembidion) based upon mor- Procter, W. 1946. Biological Survey of the Mount Desert phological, chromosomal and molecular data. Region; Part VII: The Insect Fauna. Wistar Institute Annals of Carnegie Museum 77: 147–193. of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, PA. Majka, C. G. 2005. The Palearctic species Bembidion Sikes, D. S. 2004. The Beetle Fauna of Rhode Island: femoratum and Amara communis (Coleoptera: An Annotated Checklist. The Biota of Rhode Carabidae): new records and notes on modes Island, volume 3. The Rhode Island Natural His- of introduction to North America. The Canadian tory Survey, Kingston, RI. Entomologist 137: 532–538. Spence, J. R., D. W. Langor, J. Niemelä, H. A. Majka, C. G., and Y. Bousquet. 2008. Harpalus Cárcamo, and C. R. Currie. 1996. Northern (Pseudoophonus) longicollis LeConte, 1848 forestry and carabids: the case for concern about (Carabidae) removed from the faunal list of old-growth species. Annales Zoologici Fennici Atlantic Canada. The Coleopterists Bulletin 62: 474. 33: 173–184. Majka, C. G., Y. Bousquet, C. Noronha, and Ward, M. A., and J. D. Mays. 2010. New records M. E. Smith. 2008. The distribution, zoo- of the White Mountain tiger beetle Cicindela geography, and composition of Prince Edward ancocisconensis Harris (1852), and the first Island Carabidae (Coleoptera). The Canadian record of the cobblestone tiger beetle, Cicindela Entomologist 140: 128–141. marginipennis Dejean (1831) in Maine. Cicindela Majka, C. G., Y. Bousquet, and S. Westby. 2007. The 42: 11–21. ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) of the Webster, R. P., and Y. Bousquet. 2008. New ground Maritime Provinces of Canada: review of col- beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) records in New lecting, new records, and observations on com- Brunswick, Canada. Journal of the Acadian Ento- position, zoogeography, and historical origins. mological Society 4: 14–24. Zootaxa 1590: 1–36. Webster, R. P., and I. DeMerchant. 2012. New Majka, C. G., D. S. Chandler,and C. P.Donahue. 2011. Coleoptera records from New Brunswick, Canada: Checklist of the Beetles of Maine, USA. Empty Gyrinidae, Carabidae, and Dytiscidae. ZooKeys Mirrors Press, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. 179: 1–10. Majka, C. G., J. Cook, and S. Westby. 2006. Intro- Whitehead, D. R. 1972. Classification, phylogeny, duced Carabidae (Coleoptera) from Nova Scotia and zoogeography of Schizogenius Putzeys and Prince Edward Island: new records and eco- (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Scaritini). Quaestiones logical perspectives. The Canadian Entomologist Entomologicae 8: 131–348. 138: 602–609. Wilson, D. A., and A. E. Brower. 1983. The Cicindelidae Majka, C. G., and J. Gilhen. 2008. New record of of Maine. Cicindela 15: 1–33. Brachininae (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in Nova Scotia. Journal of the Acadian Entomological (Received 14 April 2014; accepted 22 July 2014. Publi- Society 4: 1–2. cation date 18 September 2014.) THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 457

APPENDIX 1 Subfamily Elaphrinae Tribe Elaphrini THE CARABID FAUNA OF MAINE Genus Blethisa Genus Elaphrus Descriptions of the species’ general habitats, Subfamily Omophroninae flight dynamics, overall biology (so far as is known), Tribe Omophronini general range, and localities where each has been Genus Omophron collected in Maine are provided. Approximately Subfamily Scaritinae half the state of Maine is unorganized townships, Tribe Clivinini many with numeric names (e.g., T2 R4 WELS). Genus Clivina WELS represents West of the Easterly Line of Genus Schizogenius the State and is part of the formal township name. Genus Dyschirius A list of all unorganized townships by county is Subfamily Broscinae available at www.maine.gov/revenue/propertytax/ Tribe Broscini unorganizedterritory/township_map.htm. Genus Miscodera Abbreviations of Collections Mentioned in Subfamily Trechinae Text. CNC = Canadian National Collection, Tribe Trechini Ottawa; Maddison = record based on Maddison Genus Trechus (2008); MCZ = Museum of Comparative Zoology, Genus Blemus Harvard University; MFS = Maine Forest Service Tribe Bembidiini Collection, Augusta; MIFW = Maine Dept. of Subtribe Bembidiina Inland Fisheries and Wildlife Collection, Augusta; Genus Asaphidion PROC = Procter Collection, Acadia National Genus Bembidion Park; PVT = Private Collection; RENC = R. E. Subtribe Xystosomina Nelson collection; RPWC = Reginald P. Webster Genus Mioptachys Collection; UCD = University of California at Subtribe Tachyina Davis (1 specimen only); UNH = University of Genus Tachyta New Hampshire Collection; UVM = University Genus Elaphropus of Vermont Collection. Genus Porotachys Arrangement. The following section is arranged Genus Polyderis systematically, following the scheme of Bousquet Genus Paratachys (2012). For those unfamiliar with this structure, Subfamily Patrobinae the following synopsis shows where the various Tribe Patrobini genera will be found in the classification scheme. Genus Diplous The plates, however, will show the species in Genus Patrobus strictly alphabetical arrangement. Individual spe- Genus Platypatrobus cies descriptions will include information on which Subfamily Psydrinae plate to consult to see the mapped distribution of Tribe Psydrini the individual species. Genus Nomius Subfamily Brachininae Subfamily Nebriinae Tribe Brachinini Tribe Nebriini Genus Brachinus Genus Nebria Subfamily Harpalinae Tribe Notiophilini Supertribe Pterostichitae Genus Notiophilus Tribe Pterostichini Subfamily Carabinae Genus Poecilus Tribe Cychrini Genus Gastrellarius Genus Scaphinotus Genus Stereocerus Genus Sphaeroderus Genus Myas Tribe Carabini Genus Pterostichus Genus Calosoma Tribe Zabrini Genus Carabus Genus Amara Subfamily Cicindelinae Tribe Oodini Tribe Cicindelini Genus Oodes Genus Cicindela Genus Lachnocrepis Subfamily Loricerinae Tribe Panagaeini Tribe Loricerini Genus Panagaeus Genus Loricera Tribe Chlaeniini 458 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014

Genus Chlaenius Subfamily Nebriinae Supertribe Harpalitae Tribe Licinini Tribe Nebriini Genus Diplocheila Genus Nebria Genus Dicaelus Genus Badister Nebria gyllenhali castanipes (Kirby) (Plate 35) Tribe Harpalini Habitat: Borders of generally cold rivers and Subtribe Anisodactylina brooks, along lakes and ponds, under stones Genus Notiobia and dry leaves. In Maine, restricted to alpine Genus Xestonotus habitats, though it occurs in alpine and subal- Genus Anisodactylus pine zones in the White Mountains of Vermont. Genus Geopinus Flight dynamics: Fully winged, no flight records. Genus Amphasia Biology: Teneral adults appear in fall in the White Subtribe Stenolophina Mountains of New Hampshire, earlier in summer Genus Dicheirotrichus farther north; overwinters as a in southern Genus Bradycellus part of range, both as adult and larva in northern Genus Stenolophus part of range; gravid females appear in June. Genus Acupalpus Eats small flies and springtails but does not Subtriba Harpalina regurgitate defensively. Genus Ophonus General range: The species as a whole is circum- Genus Harpalus polar; N. gyllenhali castanipes is a northern Genus Trichotichnus transcontinental subspecies in North America. Genus Selenophorus Northeast to Labrador and Newfoundland, in Tribe Pentagonicini Québec north to the Hudson Strait, in Ontario Genus Pentagonica north to Hudson Bay, northern Saskatchewan, Tribe Sphodrini northern Manitoba, in the Northwest Territories Genus Pseudamara north to Norman Wells, northwest to Circle, Genus Calathus Alaska, thence west to the Pacific Ocean, south Genus Acalathus in the mountains to Oregon and Wyoming, Genus Synuchus in Québec south to Baie-St-Paul, farther south in Tribe Platynini the mountains of New England including the Subtribe Platynina White Mountains of New Hampshire and Maine, Genus Olisthopus Mt. Katahdin (Maine) and the Adirondacks in Genus Sericoda New York. Nebria gyllenhali lindrothi Kavanaugh Genus Paranchus is found in the Rocky Mountains and Nebria Genus Oxypselaphus gyllenhali lassenensis Kavanaugh occurs in the Genus Agonum Cascade Range of Oregon and California; Nebria Genus Platynus gyllenhali gyllenhali Schönherr occurs in the Old Tribe Atranini World from northern Sweden, across Russia and Genus Atranus Siberia, with isolated populations in Greenland, Tribe Perigonini Iceland, the mountains of the northern British Genus Perigona Isles, the Pyrenees, Alps, and high mountains Tribe Odacanthini of Bulgaria and . Genus Colliuris Maine localities (2): Mount Desert (PROC), Mt. Tribe Cyclosomini Katahdin Township (RENC). Genus Tetragonoderus Tribe Lebiini Subtribe Cymindidina Nebria lacustris lacustris Casey (Plate 35) Genus Cymindis Habitat: Sand bars along lake shores, rivers, and Subtribe Dromiusina smaller streams including heavily shaded moun- Genus Dromius tain brooks. Genus Axinopalpus Flight dynamics: Fully winged, no flight records. Genus Apristus Biology: Eggs are laid in August, larval devel- Genus Microlestes opment occurs in fall and winter, and larvae Genus Syntomus disappear by January; adults disappear in early Subtribe Lebiina September; old adults reappear in late May, Genus Lebia teneral adults in June. Subtribe Calleidina General range: An eastern and central North Genus Calleida American species. Northeast to New Brunswick, THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 459

in Québec along the St. Lawrence River to but old, overwintering adults appear earlier, in Chutes-aux-Outardes on the North Shore, May; perhaps 10% of the adults overwinter. northwest to Minnesota, west to Iowa, Illinois, General range: A northeastern and midwestern Kentucky, Tennessee, and Virginia. There is species. Northeast to Nova Scotia and New another subspecies (Nebria lacustris bellorum Brunswick, in Québec north to southern Gaspé Kavanaugh) in the southern Appalachians. and Lac St. Jean and Hull, north to Michigan, Maine localities (26): Andover (CNC), Augusta Wisconsin, west to Illinois, south in the moun- (PVT), Batchelders Grant Township (RENC), tains to Tennessee and Georgia. Benton (PVT), Caratunk (RENC), Carrabassett Maine localities (40): Albany Township (CNC), Valley (PVT, RENC), Chain of Ponds Township Andover (CNC), Anson (RENC), Appleton (CNC), Eustis (CNC), Fort Kent (CNC, UVM), (CNC), Auburn (CNC), Augusta (PVT), Fryeburg (CNC), Grafton Township (CNC), Batchelders Grant Township (UVM, RENC), Mexico (CNC), New Portland (RENC), New Berwick (CNC), Buxton (RENC), Caratunk Sharon (PVT), Newry (UVM), Norridgewock (CNC), Carrabassett Valley (UVM), Cornish (RENC), Pittston Academy Grant )RPWC), (CNC), East Millinocket (CNC), Farmington Sandy Bay Township (CNC), Sidney (RENC), (PVT, RENC), Fort Kent (CNC), Kingsbury Skowhegan (RENC), Stoneham (RENC), Strong Plantation (RENC), Lewiston (MFS), Madrid (RENC), Vassalboro (PVT), Waterville (RENC), Township (CNC), Monmouth (MFS), Moscow Weld (CNC), Winslow (PVT, RENC). (PVT), Mount Desert (PROC, UVM), Mount Katahdin Township (RENC), Mount Vernon (MFS), New Portland (RENC), New Sharon Nebria nivalis gaspesiana Kavanaugh (Plate 35) (PVT), Newry (UVM), Norridgewock (RENC), Habitat: In tundra around snow patches. Oakland (PVT), Readfield (CNC) Sidney Flight dynamics: Fully winged, no flight records. (RENC), Stoneham (RENC), Strong (RENC), Biology: Teneral adults have been found in T2 R4 WELS (CNC), T3 R10 WELS (CNC), late June; may hibernate in both larval and Unity (PVT), Vienna (RENC), Waterboro adult stages. (RENC), Waterville (RENC), Weld (CNC), General range: A northeastern subspecies of a Whitefield (RENC). Holarctic species. North in Québec to Riviere Abloviak (east of Ungava Bay), south to the Nebria suturalis LeConte (state record only west coast of Newfoundland and in the high from Bousquet (2010, 2012)) mountains of Gaspé, Mt. Katahdin (Maine), Habitat: Open ground, alpine environments, along and Mt. Washington (New Hampshire), but small clear, cold streams or trickles; also on may be extirpated at the type locality on Mount rocky scree slopes with damp soils. Albert, on the Gaspé Peninsula of Québec. Flight dynamics: Both fully winged and short- Nominate subspecies (Nebria nivalis nivalis winged forms occur. Paykull) occurs in the Arctic of Scandinavia, Biology: Teneral adults appear in late July to early Russia, and high mountains of Norway and August; adults generally found active in summer Scotland, also on the Arctic shores of North months (June through August). America and in the high mountains of Alaska, General range: Apparently disjunct, with east- Baffin Island in Nunavut and in northern ern specimens known from Labrador, New British Columbia. Hampshire, Québec, Vermont, Maine, Ontario, Maine locality (1): Mt. Katahdin Township (PVT). and New York, and western records from Alberta, Colorado, and Wyoming. Nebria pallipes Say (Plate 35) Maine localities: No specific Maine localities Habitat: On bare sand and gravel banks along known. rivers, lakes and brooks. Along major rivers, most common below overhanging banks, on Tribe Notiophilini various smaller streams with moving currents. Genus Notiophilus In wet weather, it follows temporary brooks in ditches, roads and trails. Notiophilus aeneus (Herbst) (Plate 36) Flight dynamics: Fully winged, no flight records. Habitat: In leaf litter of deciduous forests, gener- Biology: A very swift runner with a tendency to ally on damp to dry ground where undergrowth run in tight circles; eggs laid in early Septem- is minimal. ber, larvae emerge in late September; third Flight dynamics: Fully winged, sometimes at instars may be active well into December, light traps. and then disappear; adults disappear by early Biology: Teneral adults appear in mid-September October. Teneral adults may be found in June and overwinter as adults. This is a fast-moving 460 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014

predator depending on stereoscopic vision, Maine localities (2): Columbia Falls (RENC), feeding primarily on Collembola. In spring, it Paris (CNC). is active in full sunlight, most obvious before new leaves have expanded, but becomes cre- Notiophilus biguttatus F. (Plate 36) puscular in warmer months, seen running where Habitat: Hardwood forests and clearings, usually leaf litter is thin or absent, such as around the among dead leaves. bases of trees or on the hummocks which result Flight dynamics: Wings dimorphic. from wind throws. Biology: In , teneral adults appear in General range: An eastern and central species. August into September; breeding takes place Northeeast to Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, in May and June. in Québec north to Baie Chaleur, Lac St. Jean, General range: An Old World species, adventive and Hull, in Ontario north to Toronto, in in the New World. In the Old World, from Michigan north to Marquette on Lake Superior, Scandinavia and the British Isles south to west to Wisconsin, Minnesota, southwest to , southern Italy, Bulgaria, the Caucasus, Iowa, Missouri, east and south to Tennessee, east to the Ural Mountains and western Siberia Georgia, and South Carolina. including the Ob River Valley. Introduced into Maine localities (30): Anson (RENC), Bar Harbor Newfoundland by 1923 and on the mainland at (PROC, UVM), Batchelders Grant Township least by 1980; a separate introduction occurred (RENC), Byron (CNC), Camden (CNC), Chain at Vancouver, British Columbia, before 1957. of Ponds Township (CNC), Deer Isle (RENC), The present distribution in the Northeast is Fairfield (RENC), Gorham (PVT), Jackman northeast to Newfoundland , in Québec only in (CNC), Jonesboro (UNH), Lewiston (MFS), Rimouski, and southwest into New Hampshire. Lincoln (UNH), Lyman (MFS, RENC), Moscow Maine localities (14): Augusta (MFS), Camden (RENC), Mount Katahdin Township (RENC), (CNC, UNH), Kittery (UVM), Lewiston (MFS), Mount Vernon (MFS), Nesourdnahunk Town- Machias (RPWC), Monhegan Island Planta- ship (CNC), New Sharon (RENC), Oakland tion (UVM), Monmouth (MFS), Mount Desert (RENC), Oxbow Plantation (MFS), Parsonsfield (UVM), Mount Vernon (MFS), Northeast Carry (MFS), Sidney (RENC), T2 R4 WELS (CNC), Township (PVT), Oakland (PVT), Portland T8 R5 WELS (MFS), Topsfield (MFS), (PVT), Skowhegan (PVT), Waterville (PVT, Washburn (RENC), Waterville (RENC), Winslow RENC). (PVT), Winterville Plantation (MFS).

Notiophilus aquaticus (L.) (Plate 36) Notiophilus borealis Harris (state records only Habitat: In the high mountains found on the from Bousquet and Larochelle (1993) and tundra, farther south in areas of open gravel, Bousquet (2010)) sandy paths, even bare soil under trees in an Habitat: Typically (in our area) at high elevation, apple orchard. on dry, rocky substrates with discontinuous or Flight dynamics: Wings dimorphic, flight observed very short vegetation. in Europe. Flight dynamics: Most are short-winged and Biology: Gravid females appear in late July into incapable of flight, but fully-winged forms cap- mid-August; overwinters either as adult or larva. able of flight are known. General range: A circumpolar species. In the Old Biology: Teneral adults tend to appear in late World, across Scandinavia and Siberia to August into September; adults overwinter. Egg- Kamchatka Peninsula, isolated in the British laying seasonality unknown but probably occurs Isles; in the Faeroe Islands, Iceland, Pyrenees, in early summer. higher mountains of southern Europe from north- General range: Holarctic; in North America, in ern to former Yugoslavia, Asia Minor, Iran, the alpine, arctic, and boreal realms, from and Caucasus. In North America, northeast to Newfoundland and Labrador in the east, west Newfoundland and Labrador, in Québec north to the Northwest Territories, Yukon Territory to Ft. Chimo, in Ontario and Manitoba north and Alaska, south of the Canadian border to to Hudson Bay, in Alaska north to Brooks New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine. Range, west to the Aleutian Islands. Southern Maine localities: No specific Maine localities limit less well-documented, but known south known. in the mountains to British Columbia, not in Cascade Range, but south in the Rockies to Notiophilus nemoralis Fall (records from Majka Montana, Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, east et al. (2011)) (Plate 36) of the Rockies, south to northern Wisconsin, Habitat: Open subalpine coniferous forests of Michigan, Pennsylvania, and New York. spruce and fir, on dry ground. THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 461

Flight dynamics: All known specimens are short- Flight dynamics: Vestigially winged. winged and incapable of flight. Biology: A snail eater, recorded feeding on the Biology: Teneral adults appear in August; adults snail Triodopsis tridentata (Say), but doubt- overwinter. Egg-laying seasonality unknown lessly preys on other species. A large larva but probably occurs in early summer. was collected in October. Teneral adults appear General range: In the northeastern USA only – from late July to late September; hibernates in Massachusetts, New York, Vermont, New both the larval and adult stage. A large beetle, Hampshire, and Maine. it shelters by day in mouse burrows, if dis- Maine localities (2): Lewiston (MFS), Augusta (MFS). turbed produces large stridulating sound like a rattlesnake, if further disturbed it squirts Notiophilus novemstriatus LeConte (Plate 36) droplets of a defensive fluid from pygidial Habitat: Dry oak forest edges, especially at cliff glands. These adaptations have been shown tops and bluffs. to protect it from small mammals. In late after- Flight dynamics: Wings dimorphic, no flight noon, it moves out of the burrow and shelters records. under superficial cover in preparation for the Biology: Unknown. night’s hunt. General range: An eastern and central North General range: An Appalachian species. Northeast American species. Northeast to Maine, north to to Nova Scotia and New Brusnwick, in Québec the White Mountains of New Hampshire, the north to Québec City, in New York west to Champlain Valley in Vermont, western New Buffalo, across northwestern Pennsylvania to York (Batavia), Michigan, west to South Dakota, eastern Ohio, south in the mountains to Virginia, southwest to Kansas, Oklahoma and Arizona, North Carolina, and Georgia. south to the Gulf of Mexico including Florida. Maine localities (10): Bar Harbor (UNH), Charleston Maine locality (1): Paris (CNC). (RENC), Kibby Township (MFS), Milbridge (UVM), Mount Desert (PROC), Mt. Katahdin Township (PVT), Oxbow Plantation (MFS), Subfamily Carabinae T3 R8 WELS (MFS), Trout Brook Township Tribe Cychrini (UNH), Vassalboro (UNH). Genus Scaphinotus

Scaphinotus bilobus (Say) (Plate 42) Genus Sphaeroderus Habitat: Thin spruce forest on gravel, under rocks, and in sphagnum and litter in black spruce Sphaeroderus canadensis canadensis Chaudoir forests; also in montane forests (e.g., at 763 m (Plate 43) in Vermont). Habitat: In deciduous or mixed forests, on sloping Flight dynamics: Vestigially winged. ground under stones and leaves. Biology: A snail eater; teneral adults appear in July. Flight dynamics: Vestigially winged, flightless. General range: A northeast and north-central Biology: A snail eater, but preys on gypsy moth North American species. Northeast to Nova caterpillars when available. Teneral adults Scotia and New Brunswick, in Québec north appear in late September but also in early to Lac St. Jean and Abitibi, in Ontario north May, but hibernation likely occurs only in the to Cochrane and Sioux Lookout, north to adult stage. southern Manitoba, west to Nebraska, Kansas, General range: A northeastern subspecies. Northeast south to Missouri, northern Illinois, northern to Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, in Québec Ohio, western New York (Buffalo), isolated north to Saguenay, in Ontario northwest to New- in the Adirondacks and Catskills, in New market, west to southeastern Michigan, Ohio, England only in mountains and high plateaus south to Tennessee and the Carolinas. Another of Vermont, New Hampshire, and northwestern subspecies (Sphaeroderus canadensis lengi Massachusetts, in Maine in the north and also Darlington) is found in the southern Appalachians. the southeastern coast. Maine localities (16): Batchelders Grant Township Maine localities (4): Bar Harbor [Long Porcupine (RENC), Caratunk (RENC), Carrabassett Valley Island] (PROC), Gouldsboro (MFS, PROC), T10 (PVT), Gilead (CNC), Kibby Township (MFS), R11 WELS (MFS), T11 R10 WELS (MFS). Monmouth (MFS), Mount Desert (PROC), Oxbow Plantation. (MFS), Sweden (CNC), T12 Scaphinotus viduus Dejean (Plate 42) R7 WELS (MFS), T14 R6 WELS (MFS), T2 Habitat: Hardwood and mixed forests; in New R4 WELS (CNC), T3 R8 WELS (MFS), T6 England at all elevations to treeline. Sometimes R11 WELS (UVM), Trout Brook Township found under loose bark. (RENC), Winthrop (CNC). 462 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014

Sphaeroderus nitidicollis brevoorti LeConte side of logs when they are tipped over; adults (Plate 43) will stridulate or become motionless for up to Habitat: In deciduous forests on sloping ground 15 minutes if disturbed. under stones and leaves. General range: A northeast-central North Flight dynamics: Vestigially winged. American species. Northeast to Newfoundland, Biology: A snail eater, but will prey on gypsy in Québec north to Sept-îles and Ft. Rupert on moth caterpillars when available. Teneral adults James Bay, in Ontario north to Rainy River, appear in late September, but also in early northwest to southeastern Saskatchewan, west May, indicating hibernation may take place to Montana, south to Missouri, Mississippi, as either a mature larva or adult. Bousquet Alabama, and Georgia. The nominate sub- and Pilon (1980) reported, however, that in species, Sphaeroderus stenostomus stenostomus Québec the species lays eggs in the fall and that (Weber), ranges from southern New York to hibernation also can occur in the egg stage. It North Carolina. would seem that given the right conditions, Maine localities (66): Augusta (MFS), Bar Harbor adults can live multiple years, resulting in dif- (UNH), Batchelders Grant Township (RENC), ferent stages of overwintering. Beddington (MFS), Belgrade (RENC), Bethel General range: A northeast and north-central (CNC), Bigelow Township (UVM), Brunswick North American species. Northeast to Nova (MFS), Byron (CNC), Camden (CNC), Cape Scotia and New Brunswick, in Québec mortheast Elizabeth (PVT), Carrabassett Valley (RENC), to Port-Cartier on north shore of the Gulf of Carrying Place Township (MFS), Casco (PVT), St. Lawrence and north to Ft. Rupert on James Chain of Ponds Township (CNC), Chesterville Bay; in Ontario, north to Timagoni and Sioux (MFS), Durham (RPWC), Eustis (CNC), Lookout, northwest to Lake Winnipeg in Fairfield (RENC), Fryeburg (CNC), Garland Manitoba, south to London, Ontario; in Québec (RENC), Gilead (CNC), Gouldsboro (MFS, south to Troix Rivieres, Mont Tremblant, and PROC), Hancock (CNC), Jackman (CNC), Rigaud. In New England and New York, Kibby Township (MFS), Leeds (RENC), restricted to mountains and northern plateaus, Lewiston (MFS), Milbridge (RENC), Mount in the White Mountains of New Hampshire, Green Desert (PROC, UVM), Mount Katahdin Mountains of Vermont, and the Adirondacks Township (UNH), Mount Vernon (MFS, of New York. In Maine, found in cold, boggy PVT), Nesourdnahunk Township (CNC), areas near the eastern coast. Another subspecies New Gloucester (PVT), Newry (CNC), Orono (Sphaeroderus nitidicollis nitidicollis Guérin- (MFS), Orrington (MFS), Oxbow Plantation Méneville) is found in Newfoundland and (MFS), Phippsburg (RENC), Pittston (PVT), Anticosti Island, and in Québec on the mainland Presque Isle (MFS), Rangeley (MFS), Raymond north of Anticosti; however, the only constant (UVM), Reed Plantation (CNC), Seboomook difference between them, according to Bousquet Township (MFS), Sidney (RENC), Stoneham (2010), is size, with our subspecies ranging (RENC), T11 R10 WELS (MFS), T11 R7 WELS from 12.5–13.8 mm in length, and the nominate (MFS),T11R8WELS(MFS),T15R8 subspecies ranging from 14.1–17.8 mm. WELS (MFS), T17 R4 WELS (MFS), T2 Maine localities (3): Greenbush (MFS), Kibby R9 WELS (RENC), T3 R8 WELS (MFS), T4 Township (MFS), Lubec (PVT). R10 WELS (CNC), T6 R11 WELS (UVM), T8 R14 WELS (PVT), Trout Brook Township Sphaeroderus stenostomus lecontei Dejean (CNC,RENC),Vassalboro(PVT),Waterville (Plate 43) (RENC),Weld(UVM),Wesley(MFS),West Habitat: Deciduous, mixed, and coniferous forests, Forks Plantation (CNC), Winslow (PVT), forest edges, among shrubs along streams, in Winthrop (CNC), York (PVT). fence rows, in pastures during rainy weather. Flight dynamics: Vestigially winged. Tribe Carabini Biology: A snail eater. Mating occurs in early Genus Calosoma July, copulation averages 72 hours during which the female feeds; eggs are laid singly in isolated Calosoma calidum (F.) (Plate 22) holes 2–12 mm deep in soil, but only in dark- Habitat: In open areas often with herbaceous ness; teneral adults appear from mid-August growth, open fields, roadsides, and sand pits. into September, and overwinter as adults. Adults Flight dynamics: Fully winged, in light trap records, are often active before snow melts in spring. strong flier, many northern records are strays During the spring thaw, adults may be found beyond the breeding range. under flat stones that are warmed in the sun, Biology: Like other members of the genus, strictly but the rest of the year adults cling to under- predatory, particularly prone to eat caterpillars; THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 463

has been seen to escape by diving into water Flight dynamics: Fully winged, frequently found and swimming below the surface; chiefly active in wind-drift material and occasionally attracted in twilight, sometimes also by day; has been to artificial lights (sometimes in large numbers). observed to dig burrows beneath stones. Biology: Egg-laying takes place in June to early General range: A northern transcontinental spe- July. Adults enter diapause in late summer as cies, but not quite reaching the Pacific coast. principal prey (lepidopteran larvae) emerge as Northeast to northeastern New Brunswick adults; adults overwinter and apparently com- (a single teneral male from French island of monly live two years. Miquelon, south of Newfoundland), in Québec General range: Occurs in the USA east of the Rocky on the Gaspé and Abitibi, in Ontario north to Mountains as well as in California; northeastern Attawapiskat River (52° N), in Manitoba north limit in Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Ontario, to Riding Mt. National Park, in Alberta north and Québec, south to Florida, Texas, and Arizona. to Edmonton, in British Columbia northwest to Maine localities (2): Skowhegan (PVT), Waterville Ft. St. John on the Peace River, west to the (PVT) Cascade Range of Washington and Oregon, south to Utah, New Mexico, Kansas, Arkansas, Calosoma sycophanta L. (Plate 22) Mississippi, Alabama, and Georgia. Habitat: Deciduous forests. Maine localities (12): Bath (MFS), Bingham Flight dynamics: Fully winged, strong climber (MFS), Calais (UVM), Columbia Falls (CNC), and flier. Ellsworth (MFS), Embden (RPWC), Kennebunk Biology: The adults feed on caterpillars; it is (MFS), Liberty (MFS), Milbridge (RENC), thought to be more effective at control than T19 MD BPP (MFS), Winter Harbor (PROC), native members of the genus, because the Wiscasset (MFS). beetle larvae as well as adults climb. General range: An Old World species, deliber- Calosoma frigidum Kirby (Plate 22) ately introduced into New England in the early Habitat: A forest species, under dry leaves. 20th century for controlling the gypsy moth Flight dynamics: Fully winged, frequent flier. (Lymantria dispar L.) and the browntail moth Biology: Tree-climbing species of deciduous for- (Euproctis chrysorrhoea (L.)). It was later ests, forms concentrations at caterpillar out- introduced into Washington, Michigan, New breaks, e.g. of forest tent caterpillar (Malacosoma York and New Jersey. Unsuccessful attempts disstria Hübner) and maple prominent caterpillar were also made, without success, in Nova (Heterocampa guttivitta Wlk.). Innumerable indi- Scotia and British Columbia. In the Old World viduals arrive at twilight some evenings in June. from the temperate parts of Europe, western General range: A transcontinental species but not Siberia and North Africa, in the Caucasus reaching the Pacific coast. Northeast to Cape and Persia. Stray specimens get to the British Breton Island, in Québec north to Saguenay and Isles and Scandinavia Abitibi, in Ontario north to Lake Nipigon, in Maine localities (7): Augusta (MFS), Kennebunk Alberta north to McMurray, in British Columbia (MFS), Orono (MFS), South Berwick (MFS), north to Terrace (an isolated record), west to Utah, Standish (MFS), Vassalboro (MFS), Winter Colorado, south to Texas, Louisiana, Iowa, and Harbor (PROC). Georgia. Some of the more distant records may represent strays rather than breeding populations. Genus Carabus Maine localities (24): Augusta (MFS), Bar Harbor (PROC), Big Six Township (MFS), Bremen Carabus auratus auratus L. (Plate 22) (UNH), Bridgton (MFS), Dixmont (MFS), Habitat: In the USA, a strongly synanthropic spe- Frenchtown Township (MFS), Fryeburg (MFS), cies which thrives in croplands and gardens. Lincoln (MFS), Lubec (RPWC, RENC), Mount Flight dynamics: Vestigially winged. Vernon (MFS), Newburgh (MFS), Northeast Carry Biology: In Europe, there are many observations Township (PVT), Patten (UNH), Pierce Pond Town- of it climbing in trees, but this has not been ship (MFS), Pittston (PRF), Rangeley (MFS), observed in New England. It is found beneath Raymond (UVM), Skowhegan (MFS), Steuben cover in gardens, or in moist grasslands. Many (MFS),T34MD(MFS),T6R11WELS(UVM), have been found trapped in storm sewers. TA R11 WELS (MFS), Waterboro (RENC). General range: An Old World species, introduced. In the Old World, a limited range in Europe Calosoma scrutator (F.) (records from Majka from France and Germany to northern Spain, et al. (2011)) (Plate 22) east to Poland. Reports from Moscow, southern Habitat: Deciduous forests and forest margins, as Scandinavia, and the British Isles are probably well as cultivated fields with dense vegetation. introduced and not established populations. It 464 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014

was deliberately introduced into the New World Flight dynamics: Vestigially winged. near Boston in 1908–1910 in an attempt to Biology: Active by day in early spring after snow control the gypsy moth. It has spread to the melt. At this time, they wander and are found other New England states, but not beyond. crossing roads or in pastures. A good swimmer, Maine localities (14): Bangor (MFS), Brewer has been seen to hide under floating vegetation, (MFS), Burnham (PVT), Clinton (PVT, RENC), where it was submerged up to 10 minutes, also Cumberland (MFS), Newport (PVT), Old Town hasbeenseentoprotrudeitsabdomenabove (MFS), Orono (MFS), Pittsfield (UNH), Portland surface to get air. It has been observed climbing (UNH), Sidney (PVT, RENC), Smithfield sedge stems. Hibernates as adult, teneral adults (RENC), Troy (MFS), Windsor (MFS). appear in early May. General range: A Holarctic species. In the Old Carabus chamissonis Fischer von Waldheim World, in central and eastern Siberia and (Plate 22) in Japan. In North America, northeast to Habitat: Generally in open, dry country, particu- Newfoundland and Labrador, in Québec north larly the tundra in northern Canada and Alaska, to Saguenay, in Ontario and Manitoba north to especially on well-drained substrates such as Hudson Bay, in the Northwest Territories, north sandy areas or rocky slopes. to Ft. Good Hope near the Arctic Circle, in Flight dynamics: Vestigially winged, flightless. Alaska northwest to the Seward Peninsula and Biology: Mature larvae seen in mid-July (in Kodiak Island, in British Columbia, limited to Labrador) and a teneral adult at Mt. McKinley the northeast, south to Montana, South Dakota, in Alaska in the middle of August. Nocturnal, Iowa, northern Illinois, Pennsylvania, northern but by day adults may be found under stones. New York, and Vermont. General range: A northern transcontinental spe- Maine localities (6): Bar Harbor (UNH), Clinton cies. Across northern Canada and Alaska in (RENC), Dennysville (UNH), Fairfield (PVT), the tundra zone, including at least southern Mount Desert (PROC, UVM), New Gloucester Victoria Island in Nunavut, but not reaching (PVT). the Arctic coast in Alaska. In the interior of the continent, extending well south into the Carabus nemoralis Müller (Plate 22) taiga zone. In Edmonton, Alberta, relict popu- Habitat: Strongly synanthropic, it has been able to lations occur in deep ravines. Apparently absent reach the fields and gardens of even the most from the west coast area of heavy rainfall. isolated farms. Increasingly being found in In the east, south to the Straits of Belle Isle. more natural habitats – moist to wet deciduous There are relict populations in the mountains forest, especially on river floodplains or adja- of the Gaspé Peninsula and above treeline in cent to wetlands. Reportedly more common in the Presidential Range of New Hampshire, though North America than in Europe. not at the very summit of Mt. Washington – Flight dynamics: Vestigially winged. apparently not above Nelson Crags. Biology: The adults overwinter. In spring, they Maine localities (1): Mt. Katahdin Township (MFS). are commonly seen crossing sidewalks, some- times numbers of them are unearthed in spad- Carabus goryi Dejean (Plate 22) ing garden plots. Larvae may be abundant in Habitat: Deciduous forest. garden soil in late spring. In Europe, the adult Flight dynamics: Vestigially winged. has been observed climbing trees, but there Biology: Nocturnal, adults especially active in are no reports of this in America. Adults feed spring, most specimens are caught in pitfall traps. heavily on introduced garden slugs, probably A fast runner, rarely under superficial cover. controlling their population, and on earth- General range: A northeastern and central North worms (most species are also introduced). It American species. Northeast to Maine, north has been reported that in June the females to Vermont and New York, southern Ontario respond to both earthworms and slugs but near Windsor, Michigan, Wisconsin, northwest the males only respond to earthworms; larvae to Minnesota, west to Iowa, Illinois, south to feed on earthworms. Adults can also be found Tennessee, Alabama, and Georgia. on damaged fruit, e.g., bruised strawberries. Maine localities (2): Bar Harbor (PROC), South- General range: An Old World species, introduced port (MFS). on both coasts. Date of introduction before 1870 in eastern Canada. It was intentionally Carabus maeander Fischer von Waldheim introduced into the Boston area around 1910 (Plate 22) in an attempt to control the gypsy moth. On Habitat: In swampy spots with cattails or sedges the West Coast, it was introduced before 1909 and wet meadows. in the Puget Sound area. In the Old World, THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 465

found in the temperate zone of Europe from (MCZ, PROC), New Gloucester (PVT), New southern Scandinavia, British Isles, south to Sharon (RENC), Northeast Carry Township northern Spain and Italy, through Poland and (MCZ). Russia, in the temperate part of western Siberia east to Novosibirsk, introduced into southern Carabus sylvosus Say (Plate 23) Kazakhstan. In Canada and the USA, it is now Habitat: Deciduous woods, second-growth mixed widespread, but it is absent from the arid forest, jack pine forest, and oak-hickory forest, Southwest, the Great Plains, and the Southeast and in adjacent clear cuts. states. Northeast to Newfoundland, in Québec Flight dynamics: Wings vestigial. north to the North Shore, Chicoutimi, and Ile Biology: Unknown. ’ d Anticosti. Probably across Canada unless General range: An eastern and central North there is a gap north of Lake Superior. On American species. Northeast to western Maine, the West Coast, from Prince Rupert, British in Québec from Hemmingford in the south- Columbia, south to San Francisco, in the west corner, in Ontario, Belleville, and Gogama Rocky Mountain states south to Cheyenne, (a far northern isolated population, but never- Wyoming; south to Minnesota, Illinois, Ohio, theless, abundant), northwest to Wisconsin, west and Virginia. to Iowa, Kansas, Oklahoma, an isolated record Maine localities (40): Bar Harbor (PROC), from Utah, southwest to Texas, south to Arkansas, Belgrade (RENC), Brunswick (MFS), Castine Alabama, and Florida. (PVT), Clinton (RENC), Corinna (RENC), Maine locality (1): Norway (CNC). Cumberland (RENC), Ellsworth (MFS), Fairfield (RENC), Fort Kent (MFS), Freedom (MFS),Garland(RENC),Gorham(UVM), Subfamily Cicindelinae Islesboro (PVT), Kennebunk (UNH), Lee Tribe Cicindelini (RPWC), Lewiston (MFS), Liberty (MFS), Genus Cicindela Milbridge (MFS, RENC), Monhegan Island Plantation (UVM), Monmouth (MFS), Mount Cicindela ancocisconensis Harris (Plate 24) Vernon (MFS), New Vineyard (RENC), Habitat: Adults found on clean sand deposits Newport (RENC), Oakfield (PVT), Orono along rivers, especially on point bars, but (MFS), Portage Lake (MFS), Rangeley (PVT), often where there is cobble gravel nearby. Rockland (MFS), Sanford (UVM), Squapan Adults may be found close to water’s edge, Township (CNC), Steuben (MFS), Tremont but the larval burrows are well back from (RENC), Trout Brook Township (RENC), the shore and located where only the highest Unity (PVT), Upton (CNC), Vassalboro floods would inundate them. (PVT), Washburn (RENC), Waterville (RENC), Flight dynamics: Like all Cicindela L., hind wings Wilton (CNC). are fully developed, and the beetle can take flight while running. A day flier using flight Carabus serratus Say (Plate 23) to escape predators and for foraging. Habitat: Dry, open or partly shaded areas such as Biology: Has a two-year life cycle. Old adults gravel pits, railway embankments, thin forest breed in the spring and new adults appear in on rock pavements and edges of talus. August, the latter feed in the fall then hiber- Flight dynamics: Dimorphic, fully winged form nate. The species often occurs with C. repanda rare, once collected on the summit of Mt. Dejean. When escaping, it flies higher, farther, Washington to where it presumably flew. and straighter than C. repanda. Biology: Nocturnal, hibernates as an adult. General range: An Appalachian species. The his- General range: A transcontinental species. North- torical range of this species was northeast east to Newfoundland, in Québec on the North to the Gaspé of Québec, southeast of the Shore and north to Abitibi, in Ontario north to St. Lawrence River, New York state, north- Nipigon, in the prairies north to Saskatoon, eastern Ohio to Cleveland, south along the Saskatchewan and McMurray, Alberta, west Appalachians to northern Georgia, eastern to the Okanagan Valley in British Columbia, limit followed the edge of the Appalachians eastern Washington and Oregon, south to from Georgia to Pennsylvania and New York, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, Kansas, Illinois, in northwest Massachusetts and across New Indiana, Ohio, West Virginia, South Carolina, Hampshire. There possibly is a disjunct area and Georgia. occupying Indiana north of the Wabash River Maine localities (9): Bar Harbor (PROC, UNH, and extending west to Chicago and another in the MFS), Boothbay (UNH), Clinton (RENC), unglaciated area of Indiana, from Bloomington Fairfield (RENC), Lubec (MCZ), Mount Desert south. Some entomologists doubt the authenticity 466 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014

of the Illinois and Indiana specimens. The spe- west Harbor (MCZ), Steuben (UVM), Strong cies seems to be disappearing, likely due to loss (RENC), T14 R15 WELS (CNC), Cathance of habitat. Surviving populations are in New Township (RPWC), T2 R9 WELS (RENC), T3 Brunswick, Québec in the Gaspé area, and in a R11 WELS (RENC), T3 R8 WELS (RENC), number of localities on the Nicolet, Bécancour, T4 R10 WELS (RENC), T5 R9 WELS (MFS), and Chaudiere Rivers. In Maine at Farmington T6 R12 WELS (RPWC), T6 N of WELD on the Sandy River, one locality in Vermont, (MFS), Upton (PVT, MFS), Wales (PVT, and several areas in the White Mountains of MFS), Waterboro (RENC), Wells (MCZ), New Hampshire and adjacent Maine. Popula- Weston (CNC). tions also survive in Pennsylvania, Maryland, West Virginia, Virginia, and North Carolina. Cicindela formosa generosa Dejean (Plate 24) Maine localities (3): Batchelders Grant Township Habitat: Loose sand areas away from water; (RENC), Farmington (RENC), Fryeburg (MCZ, dunes, blowouts and sand pits, often with sparse PVT); state record only (MCZ). grasses. Flight dynamics: Fully winged, a day flier, makes Cicindela duodecimguttata Dejean (Plate 24) longer escape flights than other species. Habitat: On sandy or clay soil, abundant near Biology: A two-year life cycle species. Both old rivers but also found on disturbed places such and new adults are present together in mid- as logging roads, gravel banks, sand and gravel summer, oviposition in May and June, third pits, eroded fields, and cranberry bogs. instar in September overwinter, appear as larvae Flight dynamics: Fully winged, day flier, can take again in spring, pupate in June-July, some adults flight when running. emerge in fall, others go straight into hibernation, Biology: Larval burrows in steep clay or sand mating in May. Adults burrow for shelter; the banks. In the north, the species has a typical burrow has a flattened, oval opening. The larval two-year life cycle, spending the first winter as burrow is mainly vertical, but the uppermost part a full-grown third instar and the second winter curves to become horizontal and opens into as an adult. Mating and oviposition are in May a small pit. The sand around the entrance is and June. Adults have been observed to feed on cemented by a secretion of the larva. The adult dead insects in shore drift and to capture small makes a loud buzzing noise in flight. flies and pygmy mole crickets (Tridactylidae). General range: An eastern subspecies. Northeast to General range: An east-central species, west Labrador, in Québec north to Port-Neuf, west only to the Rocky Mountains. Northeast to to Manitoba, and in the USA west to Wisconsin, Newfoundland and central Labrador, in Québec Iowa, Missouri, and Arkansas, south to Louisiana, north to James Bay, in Manitoba north to the Mississippi, Tennessee, and Virginia. It is absent north end of Lake Winnipeg, in the Northwest from the coastal plain in the southeastern states Territories north to Great Slave Lake, from and from Maritime Canada except for Nova the Peace River of British Columbia to eastern Scotia. Represented by four other subspecies Colorado, south to Texas, northern Louisiana, in the prairie provinces, the Great Plain states, northern Alabama, and northern Georgia, in and Texas. the southeastern states largely absent from the Maine localities (28): Augusta (PVT, MCZ), Bigelow coastal plain. Township (UVM), Bingham (PVT, RENC), Maine localities (48): Ashland (PVT), Athens Embden (PVT), Fairfield (RENC), Farmington (RENC), Bancroft (CNC), Bar Harbor (PROC, (PVT), Fayette (PVT), Freeport (MCZ), Fryeburg PVT, MFS), Brownville(PVT),Buckfield (PVT, RPWC), Greenville (PVT), Milo (PVT), (PVT), Caratunk (RENC), Clinton (RENC), New Portland (PVT), Norridgewock (RENC), Comstock Township (RPWC), Edinburg Norway (MCZ), Ogunquit (PVT, RENC), Old (PVT), Fort Kent (PVT), Garfield Plantation Orchard Beach (PVT, MCZ), Old Town (PVT), (MFS), Gilead (RENC), Glenwood Planta- Orono (MFS, PVT), Paris (MCZ), Portland tion (PVT), Greenville (MCZ, PVT), Jackman (MCZ), Rangeley (PVT), Salem Township (PVT), Long Pond Township (CNC), Mercer (MCZ), Sidney (PVT), South Berwick (MCZ, (PVT), Monmouth (MCZ, PVT), Mount Desert PVT), Wells (PVT), West Paris (MFS), Windham (PROC, PVT, MFS), Mount Katahdin Township (PVT), Winslow (RENC). (PVT), Newry (CNC), Norridgewock (PVT), Norway (MCZ, PVT), Orono (PVT), Orrington Cicindela hirticollis rhodensis Calder (Plate 24) (MFS, RENC), Paris (MCZ), Rangeley (PVT, Habitat: In Maine, it is found on higher portions of MFS), Rockwood Strip T1 R1 NBKP (PVT), sandy beaches along the sea coast, generally in Roque Bluffs (PVT), Sandy River Plantation less-vegetated areas than C. formosa generosa, RENC), Shawtown Township (MFS), South- but overlapping with this species. THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 467

Flight dynamics: Fully winged, a frequent flier. Maine localities (30): Addison (RPWC), Augusta Biology: Two-year life cycle, eggs laid in June- (PVT), Aurora (MFS), Bar Harbor (PROC, July, larvae reach the third instar stage by PVT), Berwick (PVT), Boothbay Harbor (PVT), September - October, and overwinter in the Bremen (PVT), Brewer (PVT), Bristol burrow; the larva pupates in midsummer the (PVT), Brooklin (PVT), Camden (PVT), following year, and adults emerge in August Clinton (PVT), Edmunds Township (PVT), but do not breed until the next year. The larval Fairfield (RENC), Freeport (MFS), Lamoine burrow is normally vertical and 12 cm deep. (MCZ), Machias (PVT), Madison (PVT), General range: A northeastern subspecies. North- Monmouth (MCZ, PVT), Mount Desert (MCZ, east to Newfoundland and Labrador, in Québec MFS, PVT), New Portland (PVT), Orono along all the big rivers and some lakes, west (PVT), Shawtown Township (MFS), South- through Ontario to Michigan, south to New west Harbor (PROC), Waterville (PVT), Wells York, east to the Atlantic Coast from Rhode (MCZ), Winslow (PVT). Island northward including Cape Breton Island, Prince Edward Island, and Sable Island. Nine Cicindela longilabris longilabris Say (Plate 25) other subspecies are found over most of the Habitat: On bare soil in northern sites, generally in rest of the USA (excepting the Great Basin), conifer-dominated forest, on dirt roads, disused including western Texas, southern Florida, lumber roads, trails, paths, and on scree slopes and across most of southern Canada. This spe- and rock ledges; has been taken near the summit cies has disappeared in many areas due to of Mt. Washington, New Hampshire. overuse of beaches, dam construction on big Flight dynamics: Fully winged, frequent flier. rivers, and overuse of insecticides. Biology: Three-year life cycle. First instar lasts Maine localities (10): Freeport (MCZ), Georgetown 2–4 weeks in July, second instar from August (MFS), Kennebunk (PVT), Kennebunkport onward; it overwinters in this stage, and the third (UVM), Lubec (RENC), Ogunquit (MCZ, instar develops the following June, overwinters PVT), Old Orchard Beach (MCZ, PVT), again, then pupates in July. Adults appear in Phippsburg (RENC), Scarborough (PVT, RENC), August and overwinter in this stage, breeding Wells (MCZ, PVT, UNH). and egg-laying take place in the following spring. General range: A northern nearly transcontinental Cicindela limbalis Klug (Plate 24) subspecies. Northeast to Newfoundland and Habitat: Sloping clay banks, road cuts, and eroded Labrador, in Québec north to Opinaca River fields. mouthatHudsonBay,inOntarionorthto Flight dynamics: Fully winged, frequent flier. Hudson Bay, in the Northwest Territory north Biology: Two-year life cycle, eggs laid in June, to Norman Wells on the Mackenzie River, in overwinters in last instar, pupates in July, some Yukon north to Old Crow on the Porcupine adults emerge and hunt, others only emerge River beyond the Arctic Circle, west to Fairbanks, the following spring. The opening of the larval Alaska and the eastern side of the Coast Range in burrow extends into a small chimney. The outer British Columbia, south to central Saskatchewan part of the burrow is perpendicular to the sur- and to southern Manitoba, northwestern face and the burrow becomes horizontal at the Minnesota, Wisconsin south to Green Bay, inner end. northern Michigan, south to Traverse City, General range: A widespread species from the in Ontario south to the Bruce Peninsula, Lake Atlantic Coast west to and including the Rocky Simcoe and Cornwall, south in Québec to Mountains. Northeast to Newfoundland, in Rigaud, La Trappe, and the lowlands along Québec north to the North Shore and Abitibi, in the St. Lawrence River, south of the river in a Ontario north to Smoky Falls on the Mattagami narrowly isolated area including the Gaspé, River and Sioux Lookout, in Manitoba north to the Maritime provinces, the higher parts of Southern Indian Lake, in Saskatchewan north to the eastern townships and northern Maine, Reindeer Lake, in the Northwest Territories on extreme northern New Hampshire and north- the Mackenzie River at Ft. Norman, west to the eastern Vermont, isolated populations occur in Rocky Mountains in eastern British Columbia; the Adirondacks, and higher mountains of in the USA, most of Montana and Wyoming, in Vermont and New Hampshire. Two other sub- Colorado most of the state including area west species (Cicindela longilabris laurentii Schaup of the Rockies, extreme eastern Utah, south to and Cicindela longilabris perviridis Schaupp) extreme northern New Mexico, northern Kansas occur in the Rocky Mountains, the Cascades, and Missouri, western and northern Illinois, and the Sierra Nevada of California. northern Indiana and Ohio, Pennsylvania, New Maine localities (23): Bar Harbor (PROC, PVT), Jersey, and Connecticut. Bigelow Township (UVM), Boothbay Harbor 468 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014

(MCZ), Brooksville (MCZ), Edmunds Town- without finer (silty or clay) substrates nearby. ship (PVT, UNH), Eustis (PVT, UVM), Grand The larva is tolerant of different soil types but Lake Stream Plantation (MCZ), Greenfield is a specialist in burrowing in hard, compacted Township (PVT), Greenville (PVT), Katahdin soils as in paths and dirt roads. Iron Works Township (PVT), King and Bartlett Flight dynamics: Fully winged, day flier. Township (PVT), Lincoln (MFS), Lincoln Biology: A one-year life cycle, differing from the Plantation (RPWC), Machias (PVT), Mount other Maine species in that the adult does not Desert (MCZ, PVT), Southwest Harbor hibernate, mating and egg-laying in late July, (PVT), T1 R9 WELS (RPWC), T2 R9 WELS larva reaches third instar by September and (RPWC), T3 R11 WELS (RENC), Tremont hibernates, larva feeds until June of following (PVT), Trout Brook Township (RENC), Upton year when it pupates, adults emerge in July. (MFS), Weld (MCZ). It has been observed climbing and perching on grass stalks. It comes to light at night and Cicindela marginata F. (Plate 25) various observers have noticed its defensive Habitat: Found where dunes border salt marshes secretion smells like apples. and on saline mud or tidal flats, almost invari- General range: A widespread species except for ably on damp, near-horizontal surfaces. the Pacific coastal states and northern Rockies. Flight dynamics: Fully winged, a quick and fre- Notheast to New Brunswick, in Québec in quent flier. the eastern townships east to Sherbrooke and Biology: Adults can be abundant in late June to northeast on the St. Lawrence River to Portneuf; early July; partly nocturnal, comes to lights. the northern limit west of Montreal is about The life history of this species is poorly docu- 100 km north of the Ottawa River near mented and little is known about its biology. It Nominingue, in Ontario north to Georgian is usually solitary, very wary, and hard to catch. Bay, Lake Huron, Lake Superior, and Lake General range: An eastern coastal species ranging of the Woods. Found north of the international from southern Maine south along the coast to boundary across the prairie provinces; the Apalachee Bay, Florida on the Gulf of Mexico; western limit north of 41° N is formed by the also found in and the Bahamas. eastern edge of the Rocky Mountains, south Maine localities (5): Georgetown (MFS), Kennebunk across Montana and Wyoming, south of the (PVT), Ogunquit (MCZ, PVT), Phippsburg 41st parallel it lies west of the Colorado River (PVT), Wells (MCZ, PVT). drainage extending to Great Salt Lake and Utah, south to the southern tip of Nevada, west to Cicindela marginipennis Dejean (Plate 25) northern and eastern Arizona, extending south Habitat: Relatively high, seasonally flooded and into Mexico, apparently absent from lower Rio scantily vegetated cobble-gravel bars and Grande valley in Texas, otherwise south to the islands in larger rivers. Flooding by dam con- Gulf of Mexico and into Florida (except the struction and other habitat destruction has southernmost tip). made this beetle rare over most of its range, Maine localities (18): Arundel (MFS), Augusta and it is considered threatened or endangered (RENC), Belgrade (PVT), Fairfield (RENC), in most areas where found. Only discovered at Farmington (PVT), Fryeburg (RPWC), one site in Maine in 2009, and a candidate for Kennebunk (MFS), Lewiston (PVT), Mechanic threatened/endangered status. Falls (RENC), Mexico (PVT), Norridgewock Flight dynamics: Fully winged, flies readily. (RENC), Norway (MCZ), Paris (MCZ), Biology: Unknown, but likely similar to other Scarborough (RENC), Wales (PVT), Waterboro species in the state, with a two-year life cycle (RPWC, RENC), Waterford (RENC), Waterville and overwintering in both larval and adult stages. (RENC), Woodstock (PVT). General range: Mississippi and Alabama north- eastward to Ohio, Indiana, New York, and Maine, Cicindela purpurea Olivier (Plate 25) and across the border to sites along the St. John Habitat: Bare spots in grassy fields, typically River and at Grand Lake in New Brunswick. on cow paths and ruts of seldom-used roads, Maine locality (1): N. Anson (MIFW) it can be in old sand pits, but usually on clay-rich or silty ground rather than more Cicindela punctulata Olivier (Plate 25) sandy substrates. Habitat: Common species of dry, bare soil, includ- Flight dynamics: Fully winged, day flier. ing worn spots in dirt paths in grass areas, bare Biology: A two-year cycle species. Adults are soil of croplands and gardens, road cuts, eroded among the earliest tiger beetles active in the areas, gravel pits, and even on city sidewalks, spring, appearing as early as late April in but generally not on extensive sandy areas Vermont and Maine and as early as late March THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 469

in southern New Hampshire; mating and central British Columbia and Arizona, south to egg-laying come soon after emergence, larvae Texas and Florida. reach third instar by fall, feed the following Maine localities (41): Abbot (RENC), Argyle spring, pupate in July and new adults appear Township (PVT), Arundel (MFS), Biddeford in August, but do not breed until the follow- (MFS), Brooksville (PVT), Clifton (PVT), ing spring. The adults are adapted to relatively Clinton (PVT), Comstock Township (RPWC), low temperatures; in cool, sunny weather in Fairfield (PVT), Farmington (RENC), Fryeburg mid-May, they will be the only ones active (PVT), Gilead (RENC), Mount Desert (MCZ, in the morning, while Cicindela tranquebarica PROC, PVT), Mount Katahdin Township Herbstatthesamesitewasactiveinthe (PVT), New Sharon (RENC), Newcastle (PVT), warmest part of the afternoon. It has been Norridgewock (RENC), Ogunquit (MCZ), Old seen landing on snow patches in April. The larval Town (PVT), Orono (PVT), Orrington (MFS), burrow is the usual vertical type, unlike that Paris (MCZ, PVT), Phillips (PVT), Rockwood of C. limbalis. Strip T1 R1 NBKP (PVT), Saint Francis (PVT), General range: A transcontinental species. North- Scarborough (PVT), Sidney (RENC), Skowhegan east to New Brunswick, in Québec northeast (PVT, RENC), South Berwick (MCZ, PVT), along St. Lawrence River to Québec City, Steuben (UVM), Strong (RENC), Turner west along the Ottawa River, west to Lake (MCZ), Vassalboro (PVT), Veazie (PVT), Superior, in the southern prairie provinces, Waldoboro (PVT), Washington (RENC), south-central British Columbia, in Puget Sound Waterboro (RPWC), Weld (MCZ), Wells and Willamette valleys, south to Sierra Nevada (PVT), Winslow (PVT), Woodstock (PVT). of California and Nevada, south through Utah to eastern Arizona and western New Mexico, Cicindela scutellaris lecontei Haldeman (Plate 25) south to the Texas panhandle, northern Arkansas, Habitat: Loose dry sand away from water, dunes, northern Mississippi, Georgia, North and sand pits, and blowouts. Usually associated with South Carolina. In North Carolina, Virginia, and C. formosa generosa in non-coastal settings. Maryland, it is absent from the coastal plain. Flight dynamics: Fully winged, day flier. Maine localities (28): Argyle Township (PVT), Biology: Has a two-year life cycle. Adults which Augusta (PVT), Aurora (MFS), Bar Harbor have overwintered are present from early May (PROC), Bethel (MCZ), Blue Hill (RENC), to late June in northern Vermont; third instars Bristol (PVT), Brunswick (MCZ), Clinton overwinter, feed through the next summer, and (RENC), Fairfield (RENC), Grafton Township become adults in September, then are active (PVT), Greenbush (PVT), Limerick (CNC), while the warm weather lasts into October. Madison (PVT), Monmouth (MCZ), Mount These individuals do not breed until the fol- Desert (PVT), Mount Vernon (MCZ), Newcastle lowing spring. The larval burrow is a vertical (PVT), Norway (MCZ), Old Town (UVM), shaft 30–55 cm. deep. Adults are moderate fliers Orono (PVT, UVM), Paris (MCZ), Shapleigh but are especially wary and not easy to catch, (RPWC), Sidney (PVT, RENC), Vassalboro though they often do not fly far once taken (RENC), Waterville (PVT), Weld (MCZ), to wing. When handled, they emit a defensive Winthrop (PVT). secretion which smells like apples. General range: A Midwestern species with a Cicindela repanda repanda Dejean (Plate 25) northeastern extension reaching Atlantic Coast. Habitat: On sand bars along rivers and dirt Six other subspecies are found on the Atlantic roads through sandy fields near rivers, some- coast from Massachusetts south to Florida, times amazingly abundant. Also in sand pits along the Gulf Coast and Mississippi Valley which are damp. Stray migrants are found on and west into Texas and Colorado, and the Great mountain tops. Plains north to Alberta. Cicindela scutellaris Flight dynamics: Fully winged, day flier. lecontei is found northeast to central Maine, in Biology: A two-year life cycle. The larva lives in Québec north to Québec City, in Ontario along an oblique burrow about 10 cm deep, amid the Ottawa River and to Muskoka District at scattered vegetation. Eggs are laid in May and Georgian Bay, north to northern Michigan, June, larvae overwinter in third instar, new northern Minnesota, northwest to eastern North adults emerge in summer but do not breed until Dakota, west to eastern Nebraska and Kansas, the following year. south to Missouri, Illinois and western Ohio, General range: Nearly transcontinental but not western part of West Virginia, northwestern quite reaching the Pacific coast. Northeast to Pennsylvania, most of New York state except Newfoundland and central Labrador, north for lower Hudson and Long Island regions, to Hudson Bay and northern Alberta, west to northern Connecticut, and western Massachusetts. 470 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014

Maine localities (13): Belgrade (PVT), Clinton (PVT), Greenwood (PVT), Hartland (RENC), (PVT), Embden (PVT), Fairfield (RENC), Katahdin Iron Works Township (PVT), Lewiston Fryeburg (RPWC), Mechanic Falls (RENC), (MFS), Lincoln (PVT), Lincolnville (PVT), Sanford (CNC), Skowhegan (PVT, RENC), South Monmouth (MCZ, PVT), Mount Desert Berwick (PVT), Washington (RENC), Waterboro (PVT), Mount Vernon (MFS), New Sharon (RPWC), Wells (RENC), Winslow (PVT, RENC). (RENC), Newcastle (PVT), Newfield (RPWC), Norridgewock (RENC), Old Town Cicindela sexguttata F. (Plate 25) (PVT), Orono (MFS, PVT), Paris (MCZ, Habitat: In most of its range, it is a forest and PVT), Parsonsfield (RPWC), Saco (PVT), forest-edge species, commonly seen on old Sidney (RENC), Skowhegan (RENC), Steuben lumber roads, trails. and blowdowns. In northern (PVT), T1 R9 WELS (RPWC), Troy (RENC), New England, it can be found in more open Vassalboro (RENC), Veazie PVT), Waldoboro situations such as parks and gardens. (MCZ), Wales (MCZ, PVT), Waterford Flight dynamics: Fully winged, day flier. (RPWC, RENC), Waterville (RENC), Weld Biology: A two-year life cycle, predominantly a (MCZ), Windsor (RENC), Winthrop (MCZ, spring-fall species and relatively uncommon in PVT), Woolwich (MFS), York (MCZ, PVT, mid-summer. Eggs are laid in June and July, RENC, RPWC). and larvae reach third-instar status in fall and then overwinter; pupation occurs in midsummer Cicindela tranquebarica tranquebarica Herbst the following year, becoming adults in late (Plate 25) summer, but they normally do not emerge until Habitat: Sand pits, gravel pits, roadsides, dunes, the following spring. Larvae make their burrows and eroded sloping clay banks. at spots where the soil is exposed, such as bases Flight dynamics: Fully winged, day flier. of windthrown trees, edges of trails, and small Biology: A two-year life cycle species. Adults eroded gullies. Larvae have also been found in appear early in the spring for egg-laying, larvae partly shaded sections of vegetable gardens, reach third instar by fall, overwinter, and preying on ants. The adult does not make pupate the following summer. The larval dashes while hunting like other tiger beetles burrow is straight, 9–20 cm deep. Adults stridu- but tends to sit and wait in flecks of sunlight late occasionally. on the forest floor, where it ambushes incom- General range: A nearly transcontinental species ing insects. Disturbed adults follow a curved not reaching the west coast. Northeast to south- flight path, often alighting in or on vegetation. western Newfoundland, in Québec north to the An adult has been observed foraging on floating North Shore and James Bay, northern limits water lily leaves. In early spring, this tiger beetle uncertain in Ontario, in Manitoba north to is often found beneath loose bark or under flat Gillam on the Nelson River, in the Northwest stones when the air temperature is low but the Territories, north to Great Slave Lake, west sky is clear, sunny, and bright; can often be to the northern Rockies, Alberta, Montana, found in the same settings on overcast days later and Wyoming, west to eastern Colorado, south in summer. The stones or bark are heated by the to the panhandle of Texas and east Texas, sun and beetles are “basking” under the stones, south nearly to the Gulf of Mexico, in northern thus raising body temperature. Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama, southeast General range: An eastern species. Northeast to central Georgia and the southern tip of to New Brunswick, in Québec north to the South Carolina. Other subspecies occupy the Saguenay River, in Ontario north to Georgian area west of the Rockies, including the Great Bay, in Michigan north to Lake Superior, Basin, eastern Washington and Oregon, and Northwest to northern Minnesota and south- the foothills of California. eastern North Dakota, west to the east edge Maine localities (45): Albion (RENC), Argyle of the Great Plains, through South Dakota, Township (PVT), Bangor (PVT), Bar Harbor Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas, south to eastern (PVT), Bigelow Township (UVM), Chester Texas, Louisiana, and northern Florida. (PVT), Columbia Falls (PVT), Eastport (PVT), Maine localities (52): Addison (RPWC), Alna Fairfield (RENC), Fort Kent (PVT), Fryeburg (PVT), Argyle Township (PVT), Athens (RENC), (PVT), Greenbush (PVT), Greenfield Township Augusta (MFS, PVT), Bangor (PVT), Bar (PVT), Greenville (PVT), Guilford (PVT), Harbor (MFS, PROC, PVT), Belgrade (RENC), Kennebunk (MCZ), Lamoine (PVT), Lincoln Benton (RENC), Bethel (MCZ), Brooksville (PVT), Lincoln Plantation (RPWC), Lincolnville (MCZ), Chesterville (UVM), Clinton (RENC), (PVT), Lubec (PVT), Madison (PVT), Magalloway Edgecomb (PVT), Edmunds Township (PVT), Plantation (RPWC), Mayfield Township (RENC), Ellsworth (MFS), Fryeburg (RPWC), Gouldsboro Mercer (MCZ), Monmouth (MCZ), Mount THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 471

Desert (MCZ, PROC, PVT), Mount Katahdin WELS (RENC), Waterville (RENC), Whiting Township (MCZ, PVT), Newcastle (PVT), (CNC), Wilton (CNC), Woodstock (MFS). Norway (MCZ), Ogunquit (MCZ, PVT), Old Town (PVT), Orono (MFS, PVT), Paris Subfamily Elaphrinae (MCZ), Readfield (PVT), Rockwood Strip Tribe Elaphrini T1 R1 NBKP (PVT), Roque Bluffs (PVT), Genus Blethisa Rumford (PVT), Sanford (CNC), South Berwick (MCZ, PVT), Steuben (UVM), Wales Blethisa hudsonica Casey (Plate 18) (MCZ), Waterville (PVT), Wells (MCZ, PVT), Habitat: In seasonally flooded marshes and perma- Wilton (CNC). nent marshes, among , sedges, or other plants, in channels through the floodplain forest, Subfamily Loricerinae and in the outer margins of open marshes, nor- Tribe Loricerini mally in floating mats of vegetation. Genus Loricera Flight dynamics: Fully winged, in light trap records. Biology: Hibernates as an adult. The adults stridu- late. Gravid females appear in July. Loricera pilicornis F. (Plate 35) General range: A boreal species from Yukon and Habitat: In dense vegetation at margins of slow Rocky Mountains east across Canada and the streams, ponds and bogs, best collected by northern USA to Newfoundland and Maine, treading. In early spring, it has been collected south to British Columbia, Montana, North in a suburban garden. Dakota, northern Illinois, Michigan, Pennsylvania, Flight dynamics: Fully winged, in light trap records. New York, and Massachusetts. Biology: A specialized feeder on Collembola Maine localities (6): Bigelow Township (UVM), (springtails). It traps them in a cage formed Blanchard Township (RENC), Eustis (CNC), by heavy bristles around head and antennae; Monmouth (MFS), Newport (RENC), Whiting reported to make a faint buzzing sound when (RPWC). threatened, overwinters as adult, teneral adults may be found from June through July. Blethisa julii LeConte (Plate 18) General range: A circumpolar species. Found in Habitat: In cold pools among mosses and sedges. western Europe including the British Isles, Flight dynamics: Fully winged, no flight records. south to northern Spain, southern Italy, northern Biology: According to Darlington, it is common former Yugoslavia, Iran, Siberia, east to Ussuri and active from late June to late July on Mt. River and Kamchatka, in some areas reaches Washington (New Hampshire). He stated that the Arctic Ocean. In North America northeast it emerges from deep in the evening or to Labrador and Newfoundland, in Québec early morning to feed on insects that have north to Schefferville and Great Whale River, drowned. Larvae have been caught in mid- in Ontario north to Hudson Bay, in the Yukon summer, and new adults emerge in late summer north to Kluane River, in Alaska west to the and probably overwinter in that stage. lower Yukon Valley and Alaska Peninsula, General range: A northern transcontinental spe- west to British Columbia, Washington, and cies. Northeast to Newfoundland, in Québec Oregon, but not west of the Cascade Range north to Lac St. Jean, Abitibi, north to Hudson (where it is replaced by Loricera decempunctata Bay and Ft. Smith, Northwest Territory; west Eschscholtz and Loricera foveata LeConte). In to Anchorage, Alaska, south to Alberta, the Sierra Nevada of California, south in moun- northern Michigan, New York, Vermont, and tains to Utah, New Mexico, south to South New Hampshire. Dakota, Minnesota, Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Maine localities (2): Mount Katahdin Township and New Jersey. (CNC), Winslow (PVT). Maine localities (23): Alder Stream Township (CNC), Chain of Ponds Township (CNC), Blethisa quadricollis Haldeman (Plate 18) Corinna (RENC), Eustis (CNC), Fairfield Habitat: Floating mats of mosses, sphagnum, or (RENC), Gilead (RENC), Islesboro (PVT), grasses in acidic bogs or fens, more common Kibby Township (MFS), Kingfield (MFS), in mixed sphagnum-graminoid substrates than Lewiston (MFS), Milbridge (MFS), Mount in pure sphagnum. Vernon (MFS), Nesourdnahunk Township Flight dynamics: Fully winged, flight observed. (CNC), Saint Francis (CNC), Sidney (PVT, Biology: Adults emerge in late summer and RENC), Southwest Harbor (PROC), Sweden overwinter in this stage, gravid females were (CNC), T3 R10 WELS (RENC), T3 R8 observed in early July; when handled, it may 472 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014

stridulateandalsoemitasecretionwiththe Elaphrus californicus Mannerheim (Plate 30) odor of burnt chocolate. It is an amphibious Habitat: On mud and clay banks along slow species, very agile in sphagnum and sensitive streams; in early spring, can be found by vernal to vibrations; it has been observed to dive to a pools or in bare fields away from streams, as depth of 7.5 cm and stay underwater for about long as the substrates are wet and inorganic; will three minutes. not be found with E. americanus, which prefers General range: A northern transcontinental spe- more organic substrates. cies. Northeast to Goose Bay, Labrador, limits Flight dynamics: Fully winged, diurnal frequent not well known in northern Québec and Ontario, flier, in light trap records. north at least to southern Northwest Territories Biology: Same as previous species. and Yukon, in Alaska west to Anchorage region, General range: A transcontinental species. North- in British Columbia southwest to Fraser Lake, east to Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, in south to near Calgary in southern Alberta, in Québec north to Lac St. Jean and Abitibi, in Saskatchewan south to vicinity of Saskatoon, Ontario north to Thunder Bay and lake of the south to southern Manitoba, northern Illinois, Woods, in Manitoba north to Lake Winnipegosus, Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Massachusetts. in Northwest Territories north to Norman Wells, Maine localities (10): Appleton (RPWC), Belgrade northwest to Ft. Yukon, Alaska, west to the (RENC), Brighton Plantation (RENC), Crystal Pacific in British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, (UVM), Monmouth (MFS), Phippsburg (RENC), and California, south and east to Nevada, Utah, Rumford (CNC), T1 R9 WELS (RENC), Troy New Mexico, Texas, Louisiana, and Florida. (RENC), Vassalboro (PVT). Maine localities (16): Anson (RENC), Auburn (CNC), Bar Harbor (UVM), Cherryfield Genus Elaphrus (RENC), Clinton (RENC), Cumberland (RENC), Fairfield (RENC), Lewiston (MFS), Mercer Elaphrus americanus americanus Dejean (Plate 30) (RENC), Mount Vernon (RENC), Norridgewock Habitat: Level organic-rich mud or sand banks (RENC), Sidney (PVT, RENC), Skowhegan (RENC), along slow meandering streams open to the Cathance Township (RPWC), Unity (RENC), sun but sheltered from winds, not to be found Washington (RENC). with Elaphrus californicus Mannerheim, which prefers more organic-free substrates. Can be Elaphrus cicatricosus LeConte (Plate 30) found with E. olivaceus LeConte if the organic Habitat: Wet mud in dense shade beneath alder substrates are sufficiently coarse-grained. thickets, and on shores of beaver ponds. Flight dynamics: Fully winged, frequent flier, makes Flight dynamics: Fully winged, no light trap records. diurnal flights in spring, in light trap records. Biology: Teneral adults emerge in August; over- Biology: Teneral adults emerge in mid-July; like winter as adults. other Elaphrus, it stridulates; a diurnal running General range: A species limited to the north- predator that finds prey by sight. eastern USA. Northeast to western Maine, in General range: A northern, nearly transcontinental Québec known only from Knowlton; also in cen- subspecies. Northeast to Newfoundland, Labrador, tral and western New York, southern Michigan, in Québec north to Ungava Bay and Hudson eastern Ohio, southwestern Pennsylvania, north- Bay, in Ontario north to Hudson Bay, in North- ern Virginia, and northeastern Tennessee (and an west Territories north to Great Slave Lake and isolated record from Mississippi). the Mackenzie Delta, west to the eastern third Maine locality (1): Fairfield (RENC). of Yukon River valley in Alaska, southwest to Pacific coast of Alaska and Cook Inlet, south to Elaphrus clairvillei Kirby (Plate 30) central British Columbia and Alberta, southern Habitat: Soft, wet organic mud in shaded places prairie provinces, northern Minnesota, Wisconsin, along rivers and lakes, often among dense and Michigan; in Ontario south to Lake Ontario, sedges, cattails or alders. in northern New York, New Hampshire, and Flight dynamics: Fully winged, flight records. Maine. Another subspecies (Elaphrus americanus Biology: Gravid females found in June, teneral sylvanus Goulet) occupies southern British adults in July – August; both new and old adults Columbia and adjacent Alberta, the coast ranges overwinter in forest litter or beneath bark of and the Cascades of Washington and Oregon fallen logs. Also stridulates. and Rocky Mountains through Idaho to Colorado. General range: A transcontinental species. North- Maine localities (8): Columbia Falls (MFS), Eliot east to Newfoundland and southern Labrador, (RPWC), Fairfield (RENC), Lubec (MFS), Sidney in Québec north to the North Shore and James (RENC), Skowhegan (RENC), Waterville Bay, in Manitoba north to Hudson Bay, in (RENC), Winslow (PVT). Northwest Territories north to Great Bear Lake THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 473

and the Mackenzie Delta, in Alaska west to Maine localities (16): Bar Harbor (UVM) Baring Circle and Anchorage, west to the Pacific in Plantation (CNC), Batchelders Grant Town- British Columbia, including the Queen Charlotte ship (RENC), Brighton Plantation (RENC), Islands, west to the Pacific coast in Washington Carrabassett Valley (PVT, RENC), Edmunds and Oregon, south to southern Utah, eastern Township (CNC), Fairfield (RENC), Harrington Arizona, northern New Mexico, absent from (UVM), Lubec (RPWC), Mount Desert (UVM), most of the Great Plains, but from Canada south Mount Katahdin Township (PVT, RENC), Mount to Minnesota, Wisconsin, northern Indiana, Vernon (MFS), Rumford (CNC), Cathance northwestern Pennsylvania, and the mountains Township (RPWC), T3 R10 WELS (RENC), of northern New Jersey. T8 R5 WELS (CNC). Maine localities (13): Batchelders Grant Township (UVM), Belgrade (RENC), Cape Elizabeth Elaphrus ruscarius Say (Plate 30) (RENC), Eliot (RPWC), Harrington (UVM), Lily Habitat: On wet beaches bordering rivers, swamps, Bay Township (UVM), Lubec (RPWC), Mount and ditches; on organic substrates near the Vernon (RENC), Newport (RENC), Rumford northern limit of its range, can be found with (CNC), T5 R18 WELS (RPWC), Trout Brook E. olivaceus. Occasionally found on the banks Township (RENC), Waterville (RENC). of beaver ponds. Flight dynamics: Fully winged, no flight records. Elaphrus fuliginosus Say (state record only Biology: Diurnal, a fast-running visual predator. from Bousquet and Larochelle (1993) and General range: An eastern and central North Bousquet (2010)) American species. Northeast to coastal areas Habitat: Wet margins of ponds and lakes on of eastern Maine, in New Hampshire north to sandy soils with little vegetation cover. the White Mountains, in Québec north to the Flight dynamics: Fully winged and capable of flight; Montreal area, in southern Ontario north to occasionally attracted to artificial lights at night. Ottawa and Lake Huron, in Michigan north to Biology: Teneral adults appear in late July and Saginaw Bay, in northern Wisconsin, northewest August; overwinters as adults. Egg-laying prob- to Bemidji, Minnesota, west to southeastern ably in late June into July. South Dakota, to the 100th meridian in Kansas, General range: In a band across the northeastern in Texas west to the vicinity of Wichita Falls, USA and southern tier of Canada, from Québec Ft. Worth, and Houston, south to the Gulf of and Ontario west through Manitoba to Alberta, Mexico but not in the Florida Peninsula. south to South Dakota, Nebraska, Iowa, Illinois, Maine localities (9): Bar Harbor (UVM), Columbia Indiana, east to Maryland and New Jersey, north Falls (MFS), Coplin Plantation (RPWC), Eliot to include Vermont, New Hampshire. and Maine. (RPWC), Harrington (UVM), Lewiston (MFS), Maine localities: No specific Maine localities Mount Vernon (MFS), Orono (MFS), Waterville known. (PVT).

Elaphrus olivaceus LeConte (Plate 30) Subfamily Omophroninae Habitat: On bare, open mud or sand bordering Tribe Omophronini ponds or slow streams, sometimes in muddy Genus Omophron spots in bogs, especially common near beaver ponds; more often by cleaner, colder waters than Omophron americanum Dejean (Plate 37) E. clairvillei. Habitat: Sandy to muddy banks along rivers and Flight dynamics: Fully winged, no flight records. lakes, sometimes smaller ponds and streams. Biology: Teneral adults observed in late August; Flight dynamics: Fully winged, light trap records. diurnal, active in bright sunlight as a visual Biology: Teneral adults appear in September; the hunter, has been taken in beaver lodges. species tends to remain buried in sand by day, General range: A nearly transcontinental species, and may be collected by flooding banks. Active however, not reaching the Pacific Coast. North- above ground during wet weather and at night. east to Newfoundland, in Québec north to Sometimes found in sand traps of golf courses Manicouagan and Abitibi, in Ontario north to and running on the surface at night; makes a the Albany River, in Alberta north to Lesser faint squeaking sound when handled. Slave Lake, west to the Fraser River, not in the General range: A nearly transcontinental species mountains of the west coast but in the Rockies but absent from the West Coast. Northeast to south to Colorado and Utah, in the Great Plains Newfoundland, in Québec north to the Gaspé south to northern Nebraska, farther east, south and Ft. Coulange, in Ontario north to Lakes to southern Minnesota, central Illinois, southern Superior and Nipigon, in Manitoba north Michigan, and northern New Jersey. to Lake Winnipeg, in southern Alberta north 474 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014

to Medicine Hat, west to Idaho, Utah and Subfamily Scaritinae Arizona, south to Mexico and the Gulf Coast Tribe Clivinini including Florida. Genus Clivina Maine localities (28): Anson (RENC), Bancroft (CNC), Belgrade (PVT), Berwick (CNC), Clivina americana Dejean (Plate 25) Caratunk (RENC), Cornish (RPWC), Cutler Habitat: Shores of rivers and lakes, in marshes, (CNC), Embden (RPWC), Fairfield (RENC), on mud and moist sand banks where it burrows Fryeburg (RPWC), Lewiston (MFS), Mercer beneath stones or logs. (RENC), Moscow (RENC), Mount Katahdin Flight dynamics: Wings fully developed, in light Township (RENC), Mount Vernon (MFS), trap records. New Sharon (RENC), Newburgh (RPWC), Biology: Teneral adults appear in September and Norridgewock (RENC), Orono (PVT), Readfield overwinter as adults; has been caught in a (MFS), Sidney (RENC), Skowhegan (RENC), beaver lodge. Strong (RENC), Turner (RENC), Vassalboro General range: An east-central species. Northeast (PVT), Waterboro (RENC), Waterford (RENC), to Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, in Québec Waterville (RENC). in St. Lawrence Valley north to Berthaville, in Ontario north to Ottawa and Kincardine, Lake Huron, in Michigan, Wisconsin, west to Iowa, Omophron labiatum Dejean Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas, south to Louisiana Habitat: Open, sandy, and usually damp ground and Florida. along the coastal zone, from sea beaches inland Maine localities (9): Abbot (RENC), China (RENC), to altitudes up to about 275 m. May be found on Cornish (CNC), Monmouth (CNC), Mount saline beaches or on the bare shores of ponds, Vernon (RENC), Newfield (RPWC), Readfield lakes and rivers. (CNC), Sidney (RENC), Smithfield (RENC). Flight dynamics: Fully winged, sometimes attracted to lights. Clivina collaris (Herbst) (Plate 26) Biology: Nocturnal, usually hiding in burrows Habitat: Eutrophic fens, river banks, salt marshes, by day, though occasionally diurnally active. also associated with debris from greenhouses. Adults have been found in every month of the Flight dynamics: Fully winged, flight records from year elsewhere in its range. Adults appear to Europe. be gregarious and may be found in quantity Biology: Breeds in spring and early summer. when encountered. General range: An adventive Old World species. General range: A species of the eastern North Northern Europe to southern Sweden and the American coast, from Nova Scotia in the north British Isles, southern limit uncertain, in Russia to Florida in the south, west along the northern south to the Caucasus, central Asia, and western coast of the Gulf of Mexico to at least Texas. Siberia. Introduced before 1838 in Massachusetts Maine localities: No specific Maine localities but spread to widely isolated spots in Maine, known; the record in Majka et al. (2011) was Québec, Ontario, Ohio, Manitoba, British in error. Columbia, and Washington. Maine locality (1): Skowhegan (RENC). Omophron tessellatum Say (Plate 37) Habitat: Clean sand banks along rivers, lakeshores, Clivina fossor (L.) (Plate 26) and sea beaches, more strictly confined to big Habitat: Disturbed habitats, gardens, fields, pas- rivers and lakes than O. americanum. tures, and riverbanks, occasionally along forest Flight dynamics: Fully winged, no flight records. streams and in subalpine vegetation at 1,200 m. Biology: Teneral adults appear in early October; Flight dynamics: Dimorphic, frequent light trap like O. americanum, makes squeaking sound records. when handled. Adults active at night. Biology: An omnivorous burrower like other mem- General range: A northeastern and central species. bers of the genus. In Europe, a pest on strawberries; Northeast to Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, in Vermont, observed eating rotting kernels on a in Québec north to Québec City, in Manitoba corn cob partially buried by spring floods. Gravid north to Lake Winnipeg, in Alberta north females appear in early July, teneral adults emerge to Medicine Hat, west to Montana, Wyoming, both in the early spring and in the fall. Colorado, south to Arizona, New Mexico and General range: An adventive Old World species. Texas, in the east south to Kentucky and Virginia. Natural range includes the entire temperate zone Maine localities (6): Anson (RENC), Lewiston from the British Isles and Europe to Kamchatka (MFS), Mercer (RENC), New Sharon (RENC), on the Pacific coast of Asia. Adventive in eastern Norridgewock (RENC), Strong (RENC). Canada before 1915, now distributed in two THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 475

widely disjunct areas. In the West, found from England; known from New York, New Jersey, British Columbia south to Oregon and inland to Virginia, the Carolinas, Georgia, Florida, west Alberta and Idaho. In the East, northeast to through Mississippi and part of Tennessee, Newfoundland, in Québec north to Saguenay Louisiana, and Texas. and Abitibi, north to Ontario and Michigan, north- Maine localities (2): Belgrade (RENC), Berwick west to Wisconsin, west to Illinois, south to (MFS). Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Massachusetts. An isolated record also exists from Georgia. Genus Schizogenius Maine localities (39): Albany Township (CNC), Alfred (RPWC), Auburn (CNC), Belgrade Schizogenius amphibius Haldeman (Plate 42) (RENC), Biddeford (PVT), Corinna (RENC), Habitat: In clean sand along rivers and lakes. Cutler (CNC), Fairfield (PVT, RENC), Gorham Flight dynamics: Fully winged. (PVT), Gray (PVT), Hartland (RENC), Jim Biology: Unknown. Pond Township (RENC), Kibby Township General range: A northeastern species. Northeast (MFS), Lebanon (UNH), Lewiston (MFS), to Maine, in Québec north to Montreal and Lincoln Plantation (CNC), Mount Desert (UVM), Brome, in New York north to shore of Lake Mount Katahdin Township (CNC), Mount Ontario, in Ohio north to shore of Lake Erie, Vernon (MFS), Newport (RENC), Norridgewock north to Tippecanoe River in Indiana, west to (RENC), Oakland (RENC), Presque Isle (MFS), Pike County, Illinois, south to Kentucky and Reed Plantation (CNC), Rome (RENC), Sabattus central Tennessee, Black Mountains of North (RENC), Sebec (PVT), Sidney (RENC), Carolina, and the Virginia Piedmont. Skowhegan (PVT, RENC), Smithfield (CNC), Maine localities (2): Buxton (PVT), state record Cross Lake Township (MFS), T3 R8 WELS only (PVT). (RENC), T4 R10 WELS (CNC), T5 R18 WELS (RPWC), T9 R5 WELS (MFS), Turner Schizogenius ferrugineus Putzeys (state record (RENC), Washburn (RENC), Waterville (RENC), only from Bousquet and Larochelle (1993) Wayne (CNC). and Bousquet (2010)) Habitat: Moist, sandy, unvegetated substrates at Clivina impressefrons LeConte (Plate 26) margins of streams, ponds, or lakes, as well as Habitat: Riverside mud banks and cultivated fields. ocean beaches, sometimes some distant from Flight dynamics: Fully winged, a frequent flier to the water. light traps in Midwest, rare in New England Flight dynamics: Fully winged, occasionally found where it seemingly invaded in the last 50 years. in wind-drift material but commonly attracted Biology: Hibernates as adult; an omnivorous spe- to artificial lights at night. cies. Under the name “slender seed corn ground Biology: Teneral adults appear in late summer into beetle”, has been considered a minor agricul- the early fall, adults overwinter; egg-laying sea- tural pest because it eats into sprouting corn in sonality unknown but probably in the late unusually wet fields. spring or early summer. A specialized burrower General range: An eastern and central North in clean sand, often under driftwood. American species. Northeast to central Maine, General range: Generally restricted to the USA, in Québec only recorded from Montreal, in not west of the Rockies except in the southern- Ontario many localities around the Great most part of its range; from Florida in the Lakes, north to Wisconsin, Minnesota, west Southeast, west to New Mexico and Arizona, to South Dakota, Nebraska, Colorado, Utah, north to Colorado, north to Saskatchewan south to Texas and the Gulf Coast states, to and Manitoba, east to Ontario, Vermont, New Georgia but not Florida. Hampshire, and Québec. Maine localities (2): Belgrade (RENC), Newport Maine localities: No specific Maine localities known. (RENC). Schizogenius lineolatus Say (Plate 42) Clivina pallida Kirby (Plate 26) Habitat: Fine gravel along streams and around iso- Habitat: Unknown; specimens from Belgrade were lated, warmer, stagnant pools near larger rivers. collected from half-rotten waste sawdust at a Flight dynamics: Fully winged, in light trap records. sawmill. Biology: Gravid females appear in early June. Flight dynamics: Fully winged; multiple light trap General range: An eastern and central North records. American species. NE to New Brunswick, in Biology: Unknown. Québec north to Québec City, in Ontario north General range: A coastal plain species. Northeast to Ottawa, Collingwood and Bayfield, west to Maine, but not otherwise recorded from New across Michigan and Wisconsin to Montana 476 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014

and Wyoming, south to Kansas, Texas, north- General range: A transcontinental species. North- ern Mexico, isolated record from Tuscaloosa, east to Newfoundland, in Québec north to the Alabama, absent from Louisiana, Mississippi, Gaspé, Saguenay and Abitibi, north to Churchill, Florida and Georgia, as well as the coastal plain Manitoba, in the Northwest Territories, north to areas of Carolinas and Virginia. Ft. Smith, in Yukon north to Kluane, northwest Maine locality (1): Cornish (CNC). to Ft. Yukon in central Alaska, west to interior of British Columbia, southwest in mountains to Schizogenius sulcifrons Putzeys (Plate 42) California, south in the Rocky Mountains to Habitat: In gravel along river banks, under wood. Utah and New Mexico, south to Kansas, Iowa, Flight dynamics: Fully winged, in light trap records. Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey. Biology: A specialized burrower; teneral adults Maine localities (19): Action (CNC), Allagash appear in mid-September. (UNH), Auburn (CNC), Baring Plantation (CNC), General range: An eastern and central North Caratunk (RENC), Chesuncook Township (UNH), American species. Northeast to New Brunswick, Edmunds Township (CNC), Eustis (CNC), in Québec north to Québec City, in Ontario north Lewiston (MFS), Millinocket (UNH), Milo to Toronto and London, west to Wisconsin and (CNC), Mount Desert (UVM), Mount Vernon Illinois, south to Tennessee, in mountains of (MFS), Newport (RENC), Rome (RENC), northern Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, and Sidney (RENC), Cross Lake Township (UNH), northern Virginia. Vassalboro (PVT), Waterville (RENC). Maine localities (3): Buxton (PVT, RENC), Mexico (CNC), Strong (RENC). Dyschirius erythrocerus LeConte (Plate 28) Habitat: In fine sand and silt at pond and slow Genus Dyschirius stream margins; on the seashore on wet, clayish, muddy soil, under plant debris. Dyschirius affinis Fall (Plate 28) Flight dynamics: Fully winged, in light trap records. Habitat: Sloping clay banks at edges of rivers. Biology: Unknown. Flight dynamics: Fully winged, in light trap records. General range: An eastern and central North American Biology: Teneral adults emerge in early September. species. Northeast to western Newfoundland, General range: An east-central species. North- in Québec north to Granby and Montreal area, east to Maine, in Québec north to Joliette, in in Ontario north to St. Catherines, northwest to southern Ontario, north to North Dakota, north- Michigan, west to South Dakota, Nebraska, west to Montana, west to Wyoming and Colorado, Kansas, south to Arkansas, Kentucky, Ohio, southwest to Arizona, south to Texas, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, and New York. Tennessee, and Virginia. Maine localities (5): Belgrade (RENC), Berwick Maine localities (2): Auburn (CNC), Strong (RENC). (CNC), Lebanon (UNH), South Berwick (CNC), Waterville (RENC). Dyschirius curvispinus Putzeys (Plate 28) Habitat: The Waterville specimen was taken on Dyschirius globulosus (Say) (Plate 28) damp earth beneath a board on the margin of Habitat: On bare, usually dry soil in gardens, sand a lawn; Whitehead (1972) recorded the species pits, dirt roads, croplands, and higher, drier parts from a pond margin in dunes in Texas. of river banks. Flight dynamics: Fully winged, but not known Flight dynamics: Dimorphic, flight observed in whether it is capable of flight. captivity and found in drift along Great Lakes. Biology: Farther south, overwinters as an adult Biology: Teneral adults appear from May to and breeds in spring. July and in September; specimens have been General range: A coastal plain species (but distri- found under roots of goldenrod (Solidago bution poorly known). Northeast to Waterville, spp.; Asteraceae); in Vermont, found at all Maine; also recorded in Connecticut, Mississippi, elevations, common in alpine tundra; has Texas, and New Mexico. been taken at open rock ledges, often in clumps Maine locality (1): Waterville (RENC). of moss. General range: A nearly transcontinental species, Dyschirius dejeanii Putzeys (Plate 28) excluding the Pacific Coast and the South- Habitat: Burrows in mud bordering rivers and ponds, west. Northeast to Newfoundland, in Québec including beaver ponds. In New England, it northtotheGaspé,SaguenayandAbitibi,in reaches 900 m elevation. Ontario north to Nipigon, in Alberta north to Flight dynamics: Fully winged, light trap records. McMurray, north to southern Yukon, northwest Biology: Teneral adults seen from late June to mid- to Fairbanks, Alaska, west to the interior of August; overwinters as adult. British Columbia, south to Idaho, Colorado, THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 477

Nebraska, Missouri, Kentucky, Alabama, Georgia, Maine localities (4): Berwick (CNC), Harrington and Florida. (UVM), Ogunquit (CNC), Phippsburg (RENC). Maine localities (7): Canaan (RENC), Columbia Falls (RENC), Fairfield (RENC), Parsonsfield Dyschirius sphaericollis (Say) (Plate 29) (CNC, RPWC), Reed Plantation (CNC), Habitat: Sand bars, often muddy ones along rivers. Waterville (RENC), York (PVT). Flight dynamics: Fully winged, in light trap records. Biology: Gravid females appear in June, teneral Dyschirius pilosus LeConte (Plate 28) adults emerge from mid-June to late September. Habitat: On bare mud or sand banks along rivers Associated with gregarious riverside beetles, and brooks, sometimes away from water. Bledius and Heterocerus F. (Heteroceridae). Flight dynamics: Fully winged, no flight records. General range: An eastern central species. North- Biology: Unknown. east to Newfoundland, in Québec north to General range: An eastern and central North Saguenay and Hull, in Ontario north to American species. Northeast to New Brunswick, Collingwood, in Manitoba north to Lake in Québec north to the vicinity of Montreal, to Manitoba, in Alberta north to Stettler (52° N), southern Manitoba, west to Montana, Nebraska, south to eastern Oregon, Utah, New Mexico, Kansas, Oklahoma and Texas, south to Louisiana, Texas, Missouri, Kentucky, and Virginia. Kentucky, West Virginia, and Virginia. Maine localities (5): Belgrade (RENC), Bethel Maine localities (2): Sidney (PVT, RENC), Waterville (CNC), Mercer (RENC), Norridgewock (RENC), (RENC). Turner (RENC). Dyschirius politus (Dejean) (Plate 29) Dyschirius sublaevis Putzeys (Plate 29) Habitat: Sand by rivers and lakes, also sand pits. Habitat: Seashores, on sandy soil under the roots Flight dynamics: Fully winged, common at light of weeds, or on sandy flats. traps. Flight dynamics: According to Bousquet (2010), Biology: Teneral adults appear in September. Often fully winged and capable of flight. associated with burrowing staphylinids of the Biology: A spring breeder, overwintering as an genus Bledius Samouelle (Staphylinidae). adult. General range: A circumpolar species. In the Old General range: A coastal plain species. Atlantic World, west to the British Isles and France, coastal plain from Maine to Florida. southtonorthernItalyandRomania,across Maine localities (2): Kennebunkport (CNC), Russia to the Pacific. In North America, north- Ogunquit (UVM). east to Newfoundland, in Québec north to Kamarouaska and Lac St. Jean, in Ontario north to Ogoki on the Albany River, in Alberta north Subfamily Broscinae to McMurray, northwest to Fairbanks, Alaska, Tribe Broscini west to the interior of British Columbia, south to Genus Miscodera Idaho, Utah, Wyoming, South Dakota, Michigan, Ohio, New York, and Massachusetts. Miscodera arctica (Paykull) (state record only Maine localities (4): Belgrade (RENC), Carrabassett from Lindroth (1961), Bousquet and Larochelle Valley (UVM), Harrington (UVM), Sidney (1993), and Bousquet (2010)) (RENC). Habitat: Dry areas with gravel and sand, usually beneath large, deeply buried stones; in Europe, Dyschirius setosus LeConte (Plate 29) adults feed on larvae of (Byrrhus L., Habitat: Sandy river beaches and also taken at Cytilus Erichson), which are moss-feeders. border of a salt marsh; sometimes not by a body Lindroth (1961) described the habitat as “sandy of water, for example in a moist roadside ditch. till with no or sparse coniferous trees and with Flight dynamics: Fully winged, no flight records. low, thin ground vegetation, mostly tiny mosses Biology: Teneral adults known from late August. or lichens.” Niemelä et al. (1993) found it Commonly associated with D. pilosus, gregarious. common in regenerating clear-cut forests. General range: A transcontinental species. North- Spence et al. (1996) also found it in older east to Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, in mixed, largely poplar forests in Alberta, and Québec north along the St. Lawrence River to Beaudry et al. (1997) found it in burned plots Riviere-du-Loup, in Alberta north to McMurray, in clear-cuts of jack pine. northwest to Fairbanks, Alaska, west to Okanogan Flight dynamics: Fully winged, flight records for Valley of eastern Washington, south to Utah, Europe. Colorado, Nebraska, Iowa, Illinois, Michigan, Biology: In Europe, it has been found in sea drift, New York, and Massachusetts. and numerous specimens were found on a 478 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014

glacier at an altitude of 1,700 m (Lindroth Massachusetts, Connecticut, Vermont, New 1945). In Québec, adults were collected from Hampshire, and Maine. 14 June to 5 November (Larochelle 1975). Maine localities (22): Cape Elizabeth (PVT), According to Lindroth (1961), it overwinters Carrabassett Valley (PVT), Chain of Ponds Town- as an adult. It has been found in association ship (CNC), Deer Isle (RENC), Georgetown with the byrrhid species Byrrhus fasciatus (PVT), Grafton Township (CNC), Grand Isle Forster and Cytilus sericeus Forster, and it (CNC), Jackman (CNC), Kibby Township is thought that these species are a major part (MFS), Lewiston (MFS), Lubec (PVT), Mount of its prey (Lindroth 1945). Desert (PROC, UVM), Mount Katahdin Town- General range: A circumpolar species. Across north- ship (RENC), Nesourdnahunk Township (CNC), ern Europe, Scandinavia, and Russia, some relict Orono (UNH), Riley Township (UVM), Sidney populations in Germany in remnants of heath, (RENC), T11 R10 WELS (MFS), T14 R15 hills, and mountains of British Isles, isolated in WELS (CNC), T16 R13 WELS (CNC), T4 Switzerland and Tyrol, across Siberia to Pacific. R10 WELS (CNC), Waterville (RENC). In North America, northeast to Labrador, in QuébecnorthtoUngavaBay,intheNorth- Trechus crassiscapus Lindroth (Plate 46) west Territories, north to Norman Wells and Habitat: More hygrophilous than preceding spe- Ft. Resolution, west in Alaska to Fairbanks cies, in mountain forests of New England from and Denali National Park, south to Washington, 770–1,200 m elevation, usually in moss mat, Montana and Colorado in the mountains, south often in small patches of sphagnum at boggy to Cypress Hills in Saskatchewan, to northern spots in balsam fir forest or among alders in Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan, in Ontario larger wet areas. Farther north at borders of south to Simcoe Co., widespread in Québec ponds, swamps and wooded lake margins. south to 47th parallel, farther south restricted Flight dynamics: Brachypterous, or possibly dimor- to higher elevations, most southern record is at phic (only a small sample studied). Val Racine near Lac Megantic; in northern Biology: Gravid females appear in early July, New England, only in the White Mountains teneral adults emerge in mid-August. and the high plateau north of them, including General range: A northeastern species. Northeast northeast Vermont. to Newfoundland and Labrador, in Québec Maine locality (1): state record only (PVT), prob- northtoScheffervilleandFt.George,westto ably Mt. Katahdin (Katahdin Township). Ontario; in Québec south to the St. Lawrence River, south of there confined to the Adirondacks Subfamily Trechinae of New York, the Green Mountains of Vermont Tribe Trechini and Massachusetts, and the White Mountains of Genus Trechus New Hampshire and westernmost Maine. Maine localities (2): Kibby Township (MFS), Lubec Trechus apicalis Motschulsky (Plate 45) (PVT). Habitat: In forests under fallen logs and stones that are partly buried; also in crumbling wood Trechus rubens (F.) (Plate 46) of old rotten logs and in leaf litter. Habitat: Open, weedy ground among the roots Flight dynamics: Wings dimorphic, fully winged of tall plants, also in wooded areas among form very rare (0.2% of population), flight fallen leaves; also at borders of marshes, swamps observations at dusk. and ponds in sphagnum and sedges (Carex Biology: Teneral adults emerge from June to early spp.; Cyperaceae). August, and gravid females appear from July to Flight dynamics: Fully winged, nocturnal; multiple early August. light trap records. General range: A transcontinental species, extending Biology: Teneral adults appear from July into also to eastern Siberia (west to the Verkhoyansk August, gravid females have been documented Range and Stanovoy Mountains). Northeast to from late July into early August. Newfoundland and Labrador, in Québec north General range: An Old World species, adventive in to Schefferville and Ft. George, in Ontario and North America. In the Old World, Scandinavia Manitoba north to Hudson Bay, in the Northwest and northern Russia, in northern Siberia east Territories north to Aklavik, in Alaska south of to the Lena River and isolated in the moun- treeline but not in tundra, in British Columbia tains of France, Italy, Bosnia, Transylvania south to Canal Flats but not south of US border and in the Caucasus. In the New World, it is a in the west, in Alberta south to Banff, south northeastern species, introduced into Nova to northern Minnesota, Wisconsin, northern Scotia by 1875 and reaching Québec by 1926. Indiana, northern Ohio, New York, New Jersey, Northeast to Newfoundland, in Québec north THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 479

to Mingan and Saguenay, west to Montreal Genus Bembidion and Abitibi, and only in extreme northern New England. Bembidion americanum Dejean (Plate 11) Maine localities (5): Carrabassett Valley (PVT), Habitat: Bare mud banks and flats on shores of Codyville Plantation (RPWC), Madrid Town- rivers and lakes. ship (CNC), T4 R10 WELS (CNC), T5 R18 Flight dynamics: Fully winged, a frequent flier, WELS (RPWC). often taking flight when disturbed, recorded from light traps. Genus Blemus Biology: A large-eyed, partly diurnal species, but in the spring flies by night. A wary, alert species. (F.) (Plate 18) General range: An eastern species. Northeast to Habitat: In soil, often in rodent burrows, especially New Brunswick, in Québec north to Québec where the burrows go under boards or partially City and Montreal, southern Ontario, Michigan, buried stones, sometimes under driftwood along Minnesota, west to Kansas, southwest to Texas, rivers, has been taken in beaver lodges, seems south to Louisiana and Florida. to favor areas with long grass in old fields. Maine localities (8): Bigelow Township (UVM), Flight dynamics: Fully winged, in light trap records Buxton (RENC), Fryeburg (RPWC), Lewiston particularly in August. (MFS), Norridgewock (RENC), Readfield (CNC), Biology: Teneral adults appear from late June to Sidney (RENC), Cathance Township (RPWC). early July with a second period of emergence in late August into September; hibernates at Bembidion antiquum Dejean (Plate 11) least in part as adults. Habitat: Cobble and gravel shores of running General range: An Old World species, adventive waters, from small creeks to large rivers; most before 1933. Found throughout most of Europe, common on upstream or downstream ends of north to southern Scandinavia, in Russia north small, relatively flat islands bordered by riffles. to St. Petersburg, west to Great Britain and Flight dynamics: Fully winged; will take flight if Ireland, south to southern France, central Italy approached on a sunny day. and Transylvania, southern Siberia, Manchuria, Biology: Unknown China, and Japan. In the New World, east to General range: Generally in Ssoutheastern Canada Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, in Québec and the eastern USA, from Nova Scotia across north to Gaspé, Saguenay and Abitibi, west New Brunswick and Québec to the north to Michigan, south to Ohio, New York, and shore of Lake Superior, south to northern Massachusetts. Arkansas and in the Appalachians in northern Maine localities (16): Allagash (UNH), Ashland Alabama; one (possibly mislabeled) outlier (UNH), Belgrade (RENC), Dennistown Plan- known from Alberta. tation (UNH), Eustis (MFS), Fairfield (PVT), Maine localities (3): Allagash (Maddison), Cornish Lebanon (UNH), Lewiston (MFS), Mount (Maddison), Howland (Maddison). Vernon (MFS), Oxbow Plantation ((MFS), Rangeley (UNH), T17 R4 WELS (UNH), Cross Lake Township (MFS), T8 R19 WELS Bembidion basicorne Notman (Plate 11) (MFS), T9 R5 WELS (MFS), Wayne (CNC). Habitat: Bare gravel bars in cold, clear mountain brooks, usually in deep shade. Tribe Bembidiini Flight dynamics: Fully winged, no flight records. Subtribe Bembidiina Biology: Unknown. Genus Asaphidion General range: An Appalachian species. Northeast to Nova Scotia, southern Québec, Vermont, Asaphidion curtum (Heyden) (Plate 10) New Hampshire, Massachusetts, New York, Habitat: Lives on moist clay or clay/sand, mixed Pennsylvania, Ohio, Virginia, West Virginia, and with sparse vegetation, on river banks, ocean North Carolina. shores, clay pits or cultivated soil. Maine localities (2): Allagash (CNC), Newry (UVM). Flight dynamics: Fully winged, no flight records. Biology: Unknown. Bembidion bellorum Maddison (Plate 12) General range: An Old World species, native to Habitat: Cobble and gravel shores of running waters, Ireland, Denmark, Germany, Spain, Italy, and generally on larger streams and rivers; most Algeria and Tunisia in North Africa. In North common on upstream or downstream ends of America, adventive along the northeastern small, relatively flat islands bordered by riffles. coast of the USA, from Maine to New York. Flight dynamics: Fully winged, no flight records. Maine localities (1): Camden (CNC). Biology: Unknown. 480 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014

General range: An Appalachian species, ranging present, however, in southern Québec, western- from Maine in the Northeast southwestwards most record in Québec in Vaudreuil Co., south across New Hampshire and Vermont, New York, to Kentucky, Tennessee, and North Carolina. Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Kentucky, with one Maine localities (23): Adamstown Township locality southeast of Columbus in central Ohio. (CNC), Appleton (CNC), Batchelders Grant Maine localities (1): Greenwood (Maddison). Township (RENC), Benton (PVT), Byron (CNC), Cornish (RPWC), Embden (RPWC), Bembidion bruxellense Wesmael (Plate 12) Eustis (CNC), Grand Isle (CNC), Madrid Town- Habitat: Moist, firm soil with sparse vegetation, ship (CNC), Mount Katahdin Township especially at the borders of temporary pools. (RENC), Nesourdnahunk Township (CNC), Flight dynamics: Fully winged, frequent flier, Newry (CNC, UVM), Old Town (PVT), Parlin recorded from light traps. Pond Township (CNC), Pittston Academy Biology: Hibernates as adult, spring breeder. Grant (RPWC), T10 R7 WELS (MFS), T14 General range: An Old World species adventive R15 WELS (CNC), T3 R10 WELS (UVM), in North America. In Europe from the Arctic T3 R8 WELS (RENC), T5 R9 WELS (CNC), Ocean south to the Alps, across Siberia to Waterville (RENC), Weld (CNC). east Lake Baikal. Adventive in Newfoundland before 1907. In Québec from the north shore Bembidion castor Lindroth (Plate 12) of the St. Lawrence west to Abitibi, otherwise Habitat: Borders of rivers, lakes and large brooks, limited to New Hampshire and Maine, and the usually on sand near water. Despite the spe- Maritime Provinces of Canada. cies name, it is not found by beaver ponds in Maine localities (2): Allagash (CNC), Mt. Katahdin Vermont. It does not ascend into the mountains. Township (CNC). Flight dynamics: Fully winged, light trap records. Biology: Teneral adults appear in July. Bembidion carinula Chaudoir (Plate 12) General range: Widespread east of the Rocky Habitat: Barren sand banks and bars of rivers and Mountains. Northeast to Newfoundland, in lakes. Québec north to the North Shore and Abitibi, in Flight dynamics: Fully winged, a day flier. Ontario, north to Terrace Bay on the north side to Biology: Diurnal, keeps close to water’s edge. Lake Superior, north to southern Manitoba, north- Hibernation as adult. west to Edmonton, Alberta, west to Montana, General range: Nearly transcontinental in the North. south to South Dakota, Iowa, Michigan, Ohio, Northeast to Newfoundland and Labrador, West Virginia, and Virginia. inQuébecnorthtoFt.ChimoonUngava,in Maine localities (30): Andover (CNC), Anson Ontario and Manitoba north to Hudson Bay, in (RENC), Auburn (CNC), Bancroft (CNC), the Northwest Territories north to Great Slave Brownville (CNC), Cornish (CNC), Edmunds Lake and Norman, west to the Rocky Mountains Township (CNC), Embden (RPWC), Fairfield and British Columbia, not reaching the US border (RENC), Fort Kent (CNC), Fryeburg (CNC, in the Great Plains, south to Iowa, Kentucky, in RPWC), Grand Isle (CNC), Harrington (UVM), the east south only to New Jersey and Connecticut. Lewiston (MFS), Mercer (RENC), Mexico Maine localities (14): Anson (PVT, RENC), Berwick (CNC), Mount Vernon (MFS), New Sharon (CNC), Bigelow Township (UVM), Chain of (RENC), Newry (CNC), Norridgewock (RENC), Ponds Township (CNC), Fryeburg (CNC, RPWC), Old Town (PVT), Sidney (RENC), Squapan Mexico (CNC), Mount Katahdin Township Township (CNC), Strong (RENC), Turner (RENC), New Sharon (RENC), Norridgewock (RENC), Unity (RENC), Waterville (RENC), (RENC), Readfield (CNC), Strong (RENC), T18 Whiting (RPWC), Winslow (RENC). ED BPP (RPWC), T3 R8 WELS (RENC), T8 R14 WELS (PVT). Bembidion chalceum Dejean (Plate 12) Habitat: On cobble and gravel bars of rivers, Bembidion carolinense Casey (Plate 12) particularly on islands; can also be found Habitat: Bare gravel banks along cold mountain on gravel pond and lake shores, including streams. ponds in gravel pits, and occasionally on Flight dynamics: Fully winged, in light trap records. sandy substrates. Biology: Teneral adults known appearing from Flight dynamics: Fully winged, takes flight easily. July to mid-September. Biology: Unknown. General range: An Appalachian and eastern spe- General range: Newfoundland and northern cies, Northeast to Newfoundland, in Québec Québec west to the Northwest Territories north to the North Shore and Abitibi, range inter- and the Cascade Range in British Columbia rupted by the flat region of the St. Lawrence; and Washington, south in the Rockies to THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 481

Colorado and western Nebraska, in the East Bangor (CNC), Belgrade (RENC), Bethel south to South Carolina and northern Arkansas. (CNC), Blanchard Township (RENC), Durham Maine localities (13): Allagash (Maddison), Bethel (RPWC), Eustis (CNC),Fairfield(RENC), (Maddison), Chain of Ponds Township (Maddison), Guilford (RENC), Holeb Township (UNH), Kibby Cornish (Maddison), Gilead (Maddison), Township (MFS), Lebanon (UNH), Lewiston Mexico (Maddison), Newry (Maddison), Anson (MFS), Lily Bay Township (UVM), Long Pond (Maddison), Saco (Maddison), T17 R4 WELS Township (CNC), Lubec (RPWC), Millinocket (Maddison), Andover (Maddison), T4 R10 (UNH), Milo (CNC), Mount Desert (UVM), WELS (Maddison), T5 R9 WELS (Maddison). Mt. Katahdin Township (CNC), Nashville Planta- tion (MFS), Paris (MFS), Rangeley (UNH), T1 Bembidion cheyennense Casey (Plate 12) R13 WELS (UNH), T12 R8 WELS (MFS), T17 Habitat: Bare mud banks on shores of rivers and R4 WELS (CNC), T2 R9 WELS (RENC), T3 R11 lakes (same as for B. americanum). WELS (MFS), Wales (CNC), Waterboro (RENC). Flight dynamics: Fully winged, no flight records. Biology: Diurnal, sight predator with large eyes. Bembidion confusum Hayward (Plate 12) General range: Formerly a western species, Habitat: On barren sand banks along medium to recently invading the northeastern USA after large rivers. 1960. Northeastern most record: Mt. Vernon, Flight dynamics: Fully winged, a day flier. Maine; north in Québec to Lac St. Jean, north Biology: An alert, wary species; a sight predator, to Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, and Edmonton, flies to escape, also a fast runner; teneral adults Alberta, west in British Columbia to Vancouver appear in August. Island; in the USA, west to Washington, Oregon, General range: An eastern and central species. NE and California, south to southern California and to New Brunswick, in Québec near Québec Texas, southeast to Kansas, Missouri, Wisconsin, City and to Hull on the Ottawa River, north to Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, southern Vermont, Collingwood on Georgian Bay, in Manitoba and New Hampshire. north to Lake Winnipeg, NW to Alberta; in Maine localities (1): Mt. Vernon (MFS). the U.S., west to Montana and Colorado, south to Texas, Louisiana and Florida. Bembidion concolor Kirby Maine localities (3): Anson (PVT), New Sharon It is doubtful that this old record (PVT) is valid (RENC), Norridgewock (RENC). for Maine, although the species likely is to be found in the state, particularly along cool, rocky streams in the northern portion. Before the work Bembidion constrictum LeConte (Plate 13) of Lindroth, however, the name “concolor” was Habitat: In salt marshes bordering tidal bays and commonly applied to what is now recognized as under algal crusts and seaweed, most coomon Bembidion salebratum LeConte. along tidal pool margins in salt marshes Flight dynamics: Fully winged, no flight observations. Bembidion concretum Casey (Plate 12) Biology: Partly diurnal. Habitat: Richly organic marshes with sedges and General range: Coastal species from Labrador cattails, often at the edges of beaver ponds. In to Texas. (There are no records from the Gulf New England, at all elevations up to the treeline, of St. Lawrence.) sometimes in beaver lodges. Maine localities (4): Addison (RPWC), Berwick Flight dynamics: Fully winged, no light trap records. (CNC), Harrington (RPWC), Steuben (UVM). Biology: Teneral adults appear from mid-July to August. Bembidion contractum Say (Plate 13) General range: Widespread across North America Habitat: Salt marshes bordering tidal bays, under but not reaching the Pacific Coast. Northeast algal crust. This species is most frequent among to Newfoundland, in Québec to the North salt grasses on the margin of tidal streams., also Shore and James Bay, in Ontario north to Lake occurs under drift material along sea beaches Nipigon, in the Northwest Territories north to near salt marshes. Yellowknife and Aklavik; in the interior of Flight dynamics: Wings reduced, flightless. Alaska west to Fairbanks and Ft. Yukon, wide- Biology: One record of a teneral specimen taken in spread in British Columbia but not reaching late July. the Pacific, south to Oregon, Montana, Nebraska, General range: A coastal species, from south- Illinois, Ohio, West Virginia, and Virginia. western Newfoundland south to Alabama Maine localities (35): Acton (CNC), Albany Town- (including the Gulf of St. Lawrence). ship (CNC), Alfred (RENC, RPWC), Ashland Maine localities (7): Addison (RPWC), Cutler (UNH), Auburn (RPWC), Baileyville (UNH), (CNC), Georgetown (MFS, UVM), Hancock 482 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014

(CNC), Harrington (UVM), Portland (PVT), near beaver ponds, also commonly found Steuben (UVM). under leaves on vernal pool margins in flood- plain forests. Bembidion fortestriatum (Motschulsky) (Plate 13) Flight dynamics: Fully winged, light records. Habitat: In fens, marshes and sphagnum mats. Biology: Teneral adults appear in September, over- Flight dynamics: Fully winged, light records. winter as adults. Biology: Hibernates as an adult. General range: An eastern species. Northeast to General range: A transcontinental species. North- Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, in Québec east to Newfoundland, in Québec north to Lac north to Montreal and Québec City, in Ontario St. Jean and Abitibi, in Ontario north to Sudbury north to Ottawa and Lake Huron, west to South and Long Lac, north to the Northwest Territories Dakota and Iowa, south to Illinois, Ohio, and Yukon Territory, northwest in Alaska to Maryland, and Virginia. Anchorage and Fairbanks, in British Columbia Maine localities (26): Adamstown Township (CNC), west to the coast and Queen Charlotte Islands, Anson(PVT),BarHarbor(UVM,PROC),Baring south to Oregon and Wyoming, in the Great Plantation (CNC), Belgrade (RENC), Benton Plains not south of Canada, but farther east (RENC), Cape Elizabeth (RENC), Clinton south to Michigan, northern Illinois, New York, (RENC), Corinna (RENC), Durham (RPWC), and Connecticut. Fairfield (RENC), Fryeburg (RPWC), Hiram Maine localities (9): Auburn (RPWC), Augusta (CNC), Lewiston (MFS), Mount Desert (UVM), (MFS), Bethel (CNC), Isle au Haut (CNC), Mount Oakfield (RPWC), Oakland (RENC), Orono Desert (UVM), Sanford (CNC), T17 R4 WELS (MFS), Readfield (CNC), Ripley (RENC), Sidney (CNC), Wales (CNC), Waterford (RPWC). (RENC), T5 R18 WELS (RPWC), Waterford (RPWC), Waterville (RENC), Wayne (CNC), Bembidion frontale (LeConte) (Plate 13) York (RPWC). Habitat: Mud along stream in shaded areas. In Vermont, up to 1,200 m elevation; most Bembidion grapii Gyllenhall (Plate 13) common among sedges in swampy areas Habitat: On dry gravel or sand or on high exposed along river margins. rock ledges, also under rocks on peaty soil Flight dynamics: Fully winged, flight observations, above treeline. In New England, restricted to in light trap records. high mountain summits which are bare or with Biology: Diapauses as adult in dead leaves. stunted trees, with most records above 1,200 m General range: Nearly transcontinental, not reach- elevation,butdownto900monnearlycom- ing Pacific Coast. Northeast to Nova Scotia and pletely barren ridges. In New Brunswick, found New Brunswick, in Québec north to the Gaspé along moose trails in northern conifer forests andAbitibi,inOntarionorthtoOttawaand on bare compact soil patches with high peat Southampton, in the prairies north to Winnipeg content, adults usually under scattered leaves and Saskatoon, west in British Columbia to in these bare patches. the Okanagan Valley, south to Idaho, Kansas, Flight dynamics: Polymorphic, full wings rare, no Missouri, Illinois, Ohio, and Virginia. flight records. Maine localities (33): Abbot (RENC), Andover Biology: Teneral adults in July-August. (CNC), Appleton (CNC), Auburn (CNC, RPWC), General range: Circumpolar. In Greenland, Iceland, Bancroft (CNC), Baring Plantation (CNC), northern Scandinavia, northern Russia, and Benton (RENC), Blanchard Township Siberia, east to the Sea Okhotsk, isolated in the (RENC), Brighton Plantation (RENC), Burnham mountains of the Russian-Chinese border (Tian (RENC), Camden (CNC), Canaan (RENC), Shan). In North America, east to Newfoundland, Connor Township (CNC), Corinna (RENC), in Québec north to Ungava Bay, in the Northwest Dixfield (RENC), Embden (RPWC), Fairfield Territories north to Reindeer Depot, in Alaska (PVT, RENC), Fryeburg (RPWC, CNC), Gilead south to Seward, west to the Alaska Peninsula (RENC), Grand Isle (CNC), Hancock (CNC), and the inner Aleutian Islands, south in the Lebanon (CNC), Lewiston (MFS), Mount Desert mountains to British Columbia, Montana, and (UVM), New Sharon (RENC), Oakfield (RPWC), New Mexico, south to the Black Hills of South Sidney (RENC), Skowhegan (RENC), Turner Dakota, northern Minnesota and Michigan, (RENC), Vassalboro (PVT), Waterford (RPWC), northern Ontario, in Québec north of the Waterville (RENC), Whiting (CNC). St. Lawrence River and in the Gaspé. Relict populations south of the main range are found Bembidion graciliforme Hayward (Plate 13) in the mountains of northern New England; the Habitat: In dense vegetation on the margins of most southern record is from Massachusetts. standing waters, on mud. Especially common Maine localities (1): Wyman Township (UNH). THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 483

Bembidion honestum Say (Plate 13) Biology: Diurnal, runs and flies in bright sunshine. Habitat: Generally on cobble and gravel bars of Teneral adults appear in late July. larger, more slowly moving rivers, cobbles usu- General range: A transcontinental species. North- allypartiallycoatedwithalgaeandotherdebris. east to Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, in Flight dynamics: Fully winged, takes flight readily Québec north to Lac St. Jean and Abitibi, across when disturbed. Ontario to southern Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Biology: Neotype was teneral, taken in late July. Alberta and British Columbia, northwards into General range: Newfoundland and northern Québec Alaska, farther south in the west to Washington west to the Northwest Territories and the Cascade and California, south to Nevada, Colorado, Range in British Columbia and Washington, Kansas, Missouri, Mississippi, and Georgia. south in the Rockies to Colorado and western Maine localities (26): Abbot (RENC), Anson Nebraska, in the East south to South Carolina (RENC), Auburn (CNC), Augusta (UNH), and northern Arkansas. Bancroft (CNC), Batchelders Grant Township Maine localities (6): Allagash (Maddison), Cornish (RENC), Clinton (RENC), Comstock Township (Maddison, RPWC), Gilead (Maddison), (RPWC), East Millinocket (CNC), Embden Howland (Maddison), Mexico (Maddison), (PVT), Fairfield (PVT, RENC), Garfield Planta- Saco (Maddison). tion (MFS), Grand Isle (CNC), Lewiston (MFS), Mercer (RENC), New Sharon (RENC), Newry Bembidion immaturum Lindroth (Plate 13) (RENC), Norridgewock (RENC), Oakfield Habitat: Open muddy shores of rivers and lakes, (RPWC), Sidney (PVT, RENC), Skowhegan usually under leaves and other dehris. (RENC), Smithfield (UNH), Squapan Town- Flight dynamics: Fully winged, in light trap records. ship (CNC), Strong (RENC), Unity (RENC), Biology: Teneral adults appear in mid-May. Waterville (RENC). General range: A northeastern species. Northeast to Newfoundland, in Québec north to Sept-îles Bembidion incrematum LeConte (Plate 14) and to James Bay, recorded from Ontario, iso- Habitat: On bare mud on rivers and lakeshores, lated record from Iowa, otherwise known from usually in deep shade. Darlington reported it New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, Maine, also in the White Mountains. In wet grassy and New Brunswick. places, especially abundant in river deltas. Maine localities (6): Bancroft (CNC), Eustis (CNC), Flight dynamics: Fully winged, no flight records. Fort Kent (CNC), Greenville (MFS), Sidney Biology: Teneral adults late July-August, probable (RENC), Unity (RENC). adult hibernation. General range: A transcontinental northern spe- Bembidon impotens Casey (record from Majka cies. Northeast to Cape Breton Island, Nova et al., 2011) (Plate 13) Scotia and New Brunswick and southern Habitat: On open to scantly vegetated fine sand to Labrador, in Québec north to James Bay, in clay substrates, by still or slowly flowing waters. northern Ontario north to Moose Factory on Flight dynamics: Fully winged; occasionally found Hudson Bay, in the Northwest Territories to in wind-drift material but commonly attracted to Aklavik at the mouth of the Mackenzie River; artificial lights at night. in Alaska, west to Circle, south to the Kenai Biology: Teneral adults appear in mid- to late Peninsula and Sitka, throughout British Columbia, summer; overwinters as adults. Egg-laying sea- south in the mountains to California, south to sonality apparently unknown. Utah, Colorado, North Dakota, Michigan, south- General range: Generally across only southernmost ern Ontario, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, New Canada but including most of the continental York, and Massachusetts. USA, from New Brunswick west to southern Maine localities (10): Adamstown Township (CNC), British Columbia, south to California, Arizona, Baring Plantation (CNC), Carrabassett Valley Texas, Louisiana, and Florida. (PVT), Edmunds Township (CNC), Grand Isle Maine localities (1): Clinton (PVT). (CNC), Hiram (CNC), Lincoln (CNC), T8 R5 WELS (CNC), Wayne (CNC), Whiting (CNC). Bembidion inaequale Say (Plate 14) Habitat: On bare sand and clay near margins of Bembidion intermedium (Kirby) (Plate 14) lakes, rivers, small brooks or anywhere sand Habitat: Mud or muddy sand on riverbanks. and clay is moist, also in sparse vegetation on Flight dynamics: Fully winged, in light trap records. sand, not necessarily in the vicinity of surface Biology: Hibernates as adult. waters. Can be common away from water on General range: Widespread species, but fails to bare soil gardens if the soil is moist. reach either coast. East to south-central Maine Flight dynamics: Fully winged, a day flier. (perhaps isolated there), next eastern records in 484 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014

western Vermont, north to southwestern corner Flight dynamics: Fully winged, taking flight when of Québec (Montreal region), in Ontario north disturbed; also attracted to artificial lights at night. to Lake Nipigon, northwest to Edmonton, Biology: Teneral adults appear in late July into Alberta, west to southeastern British Columbia, August, overwintering as adults. Egg-laying south to Wyoming, Nebraska, Minnesota, seasonality apparently unknown, but probably Michigan, Ohio and Delaware, not known from a spring breeder. southern New England. General range: East of the Rockies, generally Maine localities (1): Fairfield (PVT). distributed in the USA, south from Montana through Wyoming and Colorado to New Mexico, Bembidion lacunarium (Zimmerman) (Plate 14) east across Texas, Alabama and Florida, north Habitat: Widespread along small forest streams and to New York and New Hampshire, and Maine. on damp sand along intermittent streams; in Maine localities (1): Mt. Vernon (MFS). deep, shaded ravines under hemlocks; ascends mountains to the treeline. Bembidion louisella Maddison (Plate 14) Flight dynamics: Dimorphic; fully winged form rare, Habitat: On the gravel and cobble shores of clear, probably an occasional flier; no flight records. cold rivers. Biology: Unknown. Flight dynamics: Hind wings full; will occasionally General range: An eastern and central species. fly if approached on a sunny day, even if tem- Northeast to northern New Brunswick, in Québec peratures are cool. in the extreme southwest near the Vermont Biology: Unknown. border, southern Ontario northwest to Michigan, General range: Restricted to Canadian Maritimes Minnesota, North Dakota, west to Iowa, and northern New England, from Newfoundland Missouri, southwest to Texas, south to Kentucky west along the lowest St. Lawrence Valley, the and Virginia. Gaspé Peninsula of Québec, New Brunswick, Maine localities (7): Batchelders Grant Township Nova Scotia, Maine, and New Hampshire. (UVM), Carrabassett Valley (PVT), Hancock Maine localities (9): Allagash (Maddison), Bangor (CNC), Mount Desert (PROC, UVM), Newry (Maddison), Brewer (Maddison), Gilead (UVM), Vassalboro (PVT), Winslow (PVT). (Maddison), Mexico (Maddison), Squapan Town- ship (Maddison), Eustis (Maddison), T2 R10 Bembidion levettei Casey (Plate 14) WELS (Maddison), Trout Brook Township Habitat: On bare sand along lakes, rivers, and (Maddison). brooks. Flight dynamics: Fully winged, a day flier. Bembidion mimus Hayward (Plate 14) Biology: Diurnal, a large-eyed predator that is Habitat: On bare mud in many situations: shores, active in sunlight, flies when disturbed. muddy spots in bogs, wet mud in fields and to General range: Northern transcontinental species. the summits of the highest mountains. Northeast to Newfoundland and Labrador, Flight dynamics: Fully winged, light trap and other in Québec north to Abitibi, in Ontario north flight observations. to Hudson Bay, in the Northwest Territories to Biology: Diurnal. Makes dispersal flights in spring. Great Slave Lake and Aklavik near the mouth of General range: A northeastern species, east of the the Mackenzie River, in Alaska west to Russian Great Plains. Northeast to Newfoundland, in Mission on the lower Yukon River, to the south Québec north to Abitibi and Lac St. Jean, in coast near Anchorage, south to Washington, Ontario north to north shore of Lake Superior, Colorado, North Dakota, Minnesota, Wisconsin in Manitoba west to southwestern corner of and Michigan, southern Ontario, New York, south- province, west to South Dakota, south to Iowa, ern Québec (Montreal, Sherbrooke), northern northern Illinois, Ohio, West Virginia, Pennsylvania, New Hampshire, isolated record from northern New York, and Connecticut. Vermont, and northern Maine. Maine localities (8): Edmunds Township (CNC), Maine localities (6): Chain of Ponds Township Eliot (RPWC), Eustis (CNC), Monmouth (CNC), (CNC), Eustis (CNC), Garfield Plantation Sanford (CNC), T9 R5 WELS (UNH), Waterville (MFS), Cathance Township (RPWC), T3 R8 (RENC), Wayne (CNC). WELS (RENS), T8 R14 WELS (PVT). Bembidion muscicola (Hayward) (Plate 14) Bembidion levigatum Say (record from Majka Habitat: In shaded areas near pools or wet areas, et al. (2011)) (Plate 14) among fallen leaves or mosses. Habitat: Fine sand to muddy or clayey banks of Flight dynamics: Wings dimorphic, in light trap rivers, with little to no vegetation, generally on records. moist to wet substrates. Biology: Reported to feed on mosquito eggs. THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 485

General range: Northeast to Cape Breton Island in to Oregon and Idaho, south in the mountains Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, in Québec to New Mexico, in the Great Plains south to north to Saguenay River and Lake Matagami, SouthDakota,southtoMinnesota,Michigan, northwest to vicinity of Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Pennsylvania, New York, and Maine. Wisconsin and northern Illinois, south to New Maine localities (2): Jackman (CNC), Steuben York and Massachusetts. (CNC). Maine localities (10): Blanchard Township (RENC), Canaan (RENC), Lebanon (CNC), Orono (UNH), Bembidion nigrivestis Bousquet (Plate 15) Pittston Academy Grant (RPWC), Scarborough Habitat: damp to wet leaf litter or moss in forested (PVT), T5 R18 WELS (RPWC), Waterville environments, either near vernal pools or along (RENC), Wayne (CNC), Winslow (RENC). small streams; often accompanied by Bembidion semicinctum Notman. Bembidion mutatum Gemminger and Harold Flight dynamics: Unknown (Plate 15) Biology: Wing-dimorphic, but most (49/51) speci- Habitat: Dry, open areas, such as sand pits, borders mens so far examined were brachypterous. of roads, waste ground; in the more southern General range: New Brunswick, west across part of the range, it may be found on bare moun- southern Québec and Ontario to southeastern tain tops, sometimes under dry clumps of moss Manitoba and eastern Minnesota, south to on barren, smooth bedrock. New Hampshire and Maine. Flight dynamics: Dimorphic species, no flight Maine localities (5): Bar Harbor (UNH), Camden records. (UNH), Monmouth (MCZ), Orono (UNH), Biology: Unknown. T17 R4 WELS (MCZ). General range: A transcontinental northern spe- cies. Northeast to Newfoundland, in Québec Bembidion nigrum Say (Plate 15) north to the North Shore, to Lac St. Jean and Habitat: Sand and gravel banks on rivers and Chibougamou, in Ontario north to Cochrane brooks, usually in sun-exposed areas rather and north shore of Lake Superior, in Manitoba than in densely shaded areas, in Vermont up to north to the Pas, in the Northwest Territories 500 m elevation. north to the Hay River, in Yukon north to Flight dynamics: Fully winged, in light trap records. Dawson City, in Alaska west to Circle and Biology: Teneral individuals in mid-August. Tanana, in the interior of British Columbia west General range: An eastern and central North to Vanderhoof, not south of the international American species. Northeast to Nova Scotia and border on the Great Plains, but in the east, found New Brunswick, in Québec north to Montreal and south into Wisconsin and Michigan; in Ontario, Québec City, in Ontario north to Georgian Bay, south to Ottawa; in southern Québec, south to north to Michigan and Minnesota, west to South the latitude of Montreal, relict populations in Dakota, and Iowa, south to Arkansas, Kentucky, mountains of northern New York, Vermont, and Georgia. New Hampshire, Maine, and southern Québec. Maine localities (43): Adamstown Township Maine localities (1): Mt. Katahdin Township (CNC). (CNC), Alder Stream Township (CNC), Andover (CNC), Anson (CNC, PVT), Appleton (CNC), Bembidion nigripes (Kirby) (Plate 15) Auburn (CNC), Batchelders Grant Township Habitat: On sand or mud along inland lakes or (UVM, RENC), Berwick (CNC), Brownville pools or on sea beaches under drift material, (CNC), Caratunk (RENC), Carrabassett Valley often under algal crusts in dried tidal pools in (UVM), Chain of Ponds Township (CNC), salt marshes. Comstock Township (RPWC), Cornish Flight dynamics: Fully winged, in light trap records. (RPWC), Embden (RPWC), Fryeburg (RENC), Biology: Teneral in August, adult hibernation. Garfield Plantation (MFS), Gilead (CNC, General range: Apparently a Holarctic species, RENC), Grafton Township (CNC), Lewiston ) though the only confirmed Old World record MFS), Lincoln Plantation (RPWC), Madrid is from Lake Baikal. In North America, North- Township (CNC), Mexico (CNC), Moscow east to Newfoundland and Labrador, in Québec (RENC), Mount Katahdin Township (CNC, north to Schefferville and Ft. George, in Ontario RENC), Nesourdnahunk Township (CNC), north to Cochrane, in Manitoba north to New Sharon (RENC), Newry (CNC, RENC), Churchill on Hudson Bay, in the Northwest Norridgewock (RENC), Parlin Pond Town- Territories north to Aklavik and Reindeer Depot, ship (CNC), Pittston Academy Grant (RPWC), in the Yukon north to Dawson, in Alaska west to Skowhegan (RENC), Squapan Township Rampart and south to the Kenai Peninsula, west (CNC), Stoneham (RENC), Strong (RENC), to the Pacific Ocean and British Columbia, south T2 R9 WELS (RENC), T3 R10 WELS 486 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014

(CNC), T4 R10 WELS (CNC), T5 R18 WELS to Lake Nipigon, western Ontario, in the (RPWC), T5 R9 WELS (CNC), Unity (RENC), Northwest Territories north to Norman Wells Waterville (RENC), Weld (CNC). in the Mackenzie Valley, in Alaska west to lower Yukon River and to the Kenai Peninsula Bembidion nitidum (Kirby) (Plate 15) on the south coast, to the west coast south to Habitat: On dry, open, often sandy soil, either bare California, south to Utah, New Mexico, and or partly vegetated, frequent in sand pits, some- Nebraska. Since 1965, it spread to the east times common in cultivated fields. coast; northeastern limit now is in western Flight dynamics: Fully winged, light trap records. Newfoundland, in Québec northwest to Québec Biology: Teneral adults during mid-July. City area, southern limit now in Indiana, Ohio, General range: An east-central species, east of New York, Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont. the Rockies. Northeast to New Brunswick, in Maine localities (1): Topsfield (MFS). Québec north to Lac St. Jean and Abitibi (not on the Gaspé), in Ontario north to Cochrane Bembidion occultator Notman (Plate 15) and Lake Nipigon, in the prairie provinces, Habitat: Muddy or grassy shores of slow sections north to Saskatoon and Edmonton, in the North- of shaded mountain brooks and small rivers, west Territories, north to Ft. Smith, in the Yukon especially at inlets of beaver ponds and under Territory north to White River, west to Alaska willow clumps. Usually in shaded sites. and British Columbia, absent from West Coast Flight dynamics: Fully winged, in light trap states but south in the Rocky Mountains to records. Colorado, south to South Dakota, Missouri, Biology: Teneral adults observed in July Wisconsin, Indiana, New York (south to Buffalo (Newfoundland). and the Adirondacks) and Massachusetts. General range: A transcontinental species. North- Maine localities (2): Mechanic Falls (RENC), east to Newfoundland and Labrador, in Québec Waterford (RENC). northtoJamesBayandsouthonlytothe St. Lawrence River, except for two localities in Bembidion oberthueri Hayward (Plate 15) the Québec City region, in Ontario north to Habitat: Sandy river banks, usually on medium- Hudson Bay and south to Sudbury; western sized and large rivers, where it occurs on the limits poorly known, but known from the upper parts of sand banks, often in sparse vege- Cypress Hills in extreme southeastern Alberta; tation. Has been taken in beaver houses. in Alaska, in the Matanuska Valley; south Flight dynamics: Fully winged, no actual flight of Canada, south to northern Michigan, iso- records but occasional mountain-top specimens lated in the mountains of Vermont and New probably flew there. Hampshire. Biology: Teneral adults have been observed from Maine localities (3): Bar Harbor (PROC), Lincoln mid-August to mid-October. (CNC), T2 R4 WELS (CNC). General range: An eastern and central species. Northeast to New Brunswick, in Québec limited Bembidion patruele Dejean (Plate 15) to St. Lawrence Valley and eastern townships, Habitat: Abundant on bare mud or muddy sand on north to Québec City, west to the Rocky Moun- rivers and ponds, especially common along tains, north to Winnipeg and about 160 km north margins of beaver ponds, common in the moun- of Edmonton, south to Wyoming, Nebraska, tains of New England up to 900 m elevation. Iowa, Illinois, Ohio, and Pennsylvania. Flight dynamics: Fully winged, in light trap Maine localities (6): Auburn (CNC), Coplin Plan- records. tation (RPWC), Embden (RPWC), Grand Isle Biology: Adults fly from late June into July, teneral (CNC), Lewiston (MFS), Mexico (CNC). adults appear in mid-July to August. General range: A transcontinental species. North- Bembidion obscurellum (Motschulsky) (Plate 15) east to Newfoundland, in Québec north to Habitat: On bare sand or mud, both near and away Saguenay and James Bay, in Ontario north to from water, common in cultivated fields, dis- Lake Nipigon, just reaching the southern border turbed deposits of sand, often at road repair of the Northwest Territories at Ft. Smith, in sites, dumps, sites of recent floods. British Columbia west to the Pacific, south to Flight dynamics: Fully winged and a frequent flier; Oregon, Idaho, Utah, Colorado, Oklahoma, many light trap records. Louisiana, Mississippi, and Florida. Biology: Hibernates as adult. Maine localities (73): Abbot (RENC), Adamstown General range: A circumpolar species. In Scandinavia, Township (CNC), Addison (RPWC), Albany found only on drift, in northern Russia and Township (CNC), Allagash (UNH), Andover Siberia; in North America, formerly east only (CNC), Anson (RENC), Ashland (UNH), THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 487

Auburn (CNC, RENC), Bancroft (CNC), Bar Bembidion planum (Haldeman) (Plate 16) Harbor (PROC, UVM), Baring Plantation Habitat: Barren gravel banks along large and (CNC), Batchelders Grant Township (UVM, medium-sized rivers, also on gravel shores of RENC), Belgrade (RENC), Benton (RENC), large lakes. Bigelow Township (UVM), Brighton Plantation Flight dynamics: Fully winged, light trap records. (RENC), Carrabassett Valley (PVT), China Biology: Teneral adults appear from mid-July to (RENC), Clinton (RENC), Cutler (RPWC), late August. Dennysville (UNH), Dixfield (RENC), Durham General range: An eastern species. Northeast to (RPWC), East Millinocket (CNC), Edmunds Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, in Québec Township (CNC), Eliot (RPWC), Embden known from the south shore of the St. Lawrence (RPWC), Eustis (CNC), Fairfield (RENC), north to Lotbiniere County, in the Montreal Fryeburg (RPWC, RENC), Garfield Plantation region known from the north shore of the river (MFS), Gilead (RENC), Hancock (CNC), and along north shore of Ottawa River to Harrington (UVM, RPWC), Jefferson (RENC), Ottawa, in Ontario north to Lake Nipigon, Kingsbury Plantation (RENC), Lebanon west to Minnesota, south to Illinois, Kentucky, (UNH), Lee (RPWC), Lewiston (MFS), Tennessee, and Virginia. Lincoln (UNH), Long Pond Township (CNC), Maine localities (11): Allagash (CNC), Appleton Lubec (RPWC), Lyman (RENC), Mercer (CNC), Garfield Plantation (MFS), Hanover (RENC), Mexico (CNC), Millinocket (UNH), (UVM), Moscow (RENC), Nesourdnahunk Milo (CNC), Monmouth (CNC, RENC), Township(CNC), Norridgewock (RENC), Montville (RENC), Mount Desert (UVM), Mount Sidney (PVT, RENC), T10 R7 WELSD (MFS), Vernon (MFS), New Sharon (RENC), Newfield T12 R8 WELS (MFS), T3 R10 WELS (UVM). (RPWC), Newry (CNC), Oakfield (RPWC), Perkins Township (UVM), Pittsfield (RENC), Bembidion postremum Say (Plate 16) Readfield (CNC), Sidney (RENC), Skowhegan Habitat: Usually on sloping sand banks near (RENC), T11 R16 WELS (MFS), T12 R8 water on rivers; also recorded from under willow WELS (MFS), T17 R4 WELS (UNH), T2 R9 thickets. WELS (RENC), T9 R5 WELS (MFS), Troy Flight dynamics: Fully winged, no light trap records. (RENC), Unity (RENC), Washington (RENC), Biology: Digs into the sand and many specimens Waterboro (RENC), Waterville (RENC), Whiting can be collected by splashing sand banks with (RPWC), Wilton (CNC). water. Many teneral specimens have been taken in mid-June. Bembidion petrosum petrosum Gebler (Plate 16) General range: Limited range in the Northeast Habitat: Barren sand banks and gravel bars along and north-central region. Northeast to New shaded mountain brooks, rivers and shores of Brunswick and Gaspé Peninsula, in Québec large lakes. Also along sea beaches under rocks also known from a limited area from Levis in freshwater seepage areas. south into the eastern townships; in the USA, west Flight dynamics: Fully winged, in light trap records. to Wisconsin and Illinois, south to Ohio and Biology: Teneral adults appear in late July to early New York, Pennsylvania, and Massachusetts. August. Maine localities (1): Fort Kent (CNC). General range: A circumpolar species. In Europe, found only in northern Scandinavia and north- Bembidion praticola Lindroth (Plate 16) ern Russia, in northern Siberia extending in Habitat: Under fallen leaves or mosses along tem- the mountain areas of central Siberia, in eastern porary pools. Siberia, north of the Sea of Okhotsk. In North Flight dynamics: Dimorphic, most individuals ves- America, Northeast to Lake Melville, Labrador, tigially winged. in Québec north to Schefferville and Poste-de-la- Biology: Adult hibernation. Baleine, in Alaska north to Ft. Yukon on the General range: A transamerican species. North- Arctic Circle and west to Anvik on the lower eastern to New Brunswick, in Québec only in Yukon River, west to the Pacific coast from the southwest, west of Montreal, in Ontario British Columbia to California, south to Arizona north to Lake Huron, western records from and New Mexico in the mountains, south to southern British Columbia and Washington, North Dakota, Minnesota, northern Illinois, otherwise west only to Saskatchewan, south to Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Massachusetts. Illinois, southern Ontario (Point Pelee), New Maine localities (7): Auburn (RENC), Cutler York, Vermont, and southern New Hampshire. (CNC), Norridgewock (RENC), Skowhegan Maine localities (6): Belgrade (RENC), Camden (RENC), T3 R10 WELS (CNC), Waterville (UNH), Lewiston (MFS), Monmouth (UNH), (RENC), Winslow (RENC). Mount Desert (UNH), Orono (UNH). 488 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014

Bembidion properans (Stephens) (Plate 16) tion (RPWC), Mercer (RENC), New Sharon Habitat: Bare unshaded ground, disturbed soil, and (RENC), Norridgewock (RENC), Paris (CNC), seashores. Sidney (RENC), T3 R7 WELS (CNC). Flight dynamics: Wings dimorphic. Biology: Unknown. Bembidion quadratulum Notman (Plate 16) General range: An adventive Old World species. Habitat: In sphagnum bogs, usually near open Natural range is southern Scandinavia and water. Adults occur on patches of brown peat most of the rest of Europe, Russia, the Caucasus, and in green sphagnum along margins of and all of Siberia except for the extreme north bog ponds. and high mountains. In North America, Flight dynamics: Fully winged, in light trap records. Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Biology: Unknown. Prince Edward Island, Magdalen Islands, General range: A northeastern species. Northeast Québec. The record from Maine is the only to Newfoundland, in Québec north to the North US record. Shore, Saguenay River and Mt. Tremblant Maine locality (1): Cutler (CNC). region; in the USA, south to the Adirondack Mountains, and to Connecticut, Vermont, and Bembidion pseudocautum Lindroth (Plate 16) New Hampshire. Habitat: Usually found among leaves and mosses Maine localities (7): Bancroft (CNC), Bar Harbor along small shaded streams in deciduous and (UNH), Columbia (PVT, RPWC), Gouldsboro mixed forests, or at the borders of eutrophic (PVT), Mount Katahdin Township (MCZ), marshes and swamps with cattails and willows. Southwest Harbor (PROC), T19 MD BPP Flight dynamics: Fully winged, occasionally attracted (RPWC). to lights. Biology: Hibernation as adult. Bembidion quadrimaculatum oppositum Say General range: A nearly transcontinental species, (Plate 17) but barely reaching the Atlantic coast, and not Habitat: Bare soil of almost any description, reaching the Pacific. The easternmost records including gardens, croplands, dirt roads, trails, are from New Brunswick. In Québec, in the gravel pits, drier parts of shores, waste ground; St. Lawrence Valley to just beyond Québec also on bare, exposed rock ledges. City, in the prairies north to Winnipeg, Manitoba Flight dynamics: Fully winged, in light traps records. and Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, in Alberta Biology: Diurnal; eats eggs and small larvae of recorded only from the Cypress Hills in the other insects; hibernates as adult. extreme southeast, in British Columbia west General range: In North America, east of the Rocky to Shuswap Lake and the Okanagan Valley, Mountains. Another subspecies (Bembidion south to Montana, Minnesota, Michigan, Ohio, quadrimaculatum dubitans (LeConte)) is found Pennsylvania, New York, and Connecticut. in North America west of the Rockies and four Maine localities (6): Baring Plantation (CNC), others in Europe and across Asia. This sub- Belgrade (RENC), Edmunds Township (CNC), species is found northeast to Newfoundland, Nesourdnahunk Township (CNC), Sanford in Québec to the North Shore and James Bay, (CNC), Waterboro (RENC, RPWC). in Ontario north to Moose Factory, northwest to Fort McMurray, west to South Dakota, Bembidion punctatostriatum Say (Plate 16) Nebraska and Kansas, south to Texas, Missouri, Habitat: Barren sand and mud banks along large Tennessee, and Georgia. rivers. Maine localities (37): Albany Township (CNC), Flight dynamics: Fully winged, active diurnally Albion (RENC), Athens (RENC), Caribou and takes flight when disturbed. (MFS), Carrabassett Valley (CNC), Charleston Biology: A large-eyed, diurnal predator; hibernates (RENC), Fairfield (PVT, RENC), Fort Fairfield as adult. (MFS), Fryeburg (CNC, RPWC, RENC), General range: A transcontinental species. North- Garfield Plantation (MFS), Georgetown (MFS), east to New Brunswick, in Québec north to the Gilead (RENC), Lebanon (CNC), Lewiston Saguenay River, and to Hull, in the prairies (MFS), Limerick (CNC), Lincoln Plantation north to Saskatoon and Edmonton, recorded (CNC), Magalloway Plantation(RPWC), also from the Yukon, in British Columbia west Mechanic Falls (RENC), Montville (RENC), to Vancouver, south to Montana, Minnesota, Morrill (PVT), Moscow (RENC), Mount Desert Missouri, Arkansas, Kentucky, Ohio, Pennsylvania, (PROC, MFS), Mount Vernon (MFS, RENC), New York, and Connecticut. Norridgewock (RENC), Orono (MFS), Orrington Maine localities (10): Allagash (CNC), Anson (MFS), Oxbow Plantation (MFS), Presque Isle (RENC), Embden (RPWC), Magalloway Planta- (MFS), T3 R8 WELS (MFS, RENC), T6 R11 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 489

WELS (UVM), Turner (RENC), Unity (RENC), WELS (Maddison), T5 R18 WELS (Maddison, Washburn (RENC), Waterford (RENC), Water- RPWC), T5 R9 WELS (Maddison), Trout ville (PVT, RENC), Winslow (RENC). Brook Township (Maddison), Weld (Maddison).

Bembidion rapidum LeConte (Plate 17) Bembidion rusticum rusticum Casey (Plate 17) Habitat: On muddy sand along rivers and lakes. Habitat:Usuallyonbarrengravelorsandbars, Flight dynamics: Fully winged, light trap records sometimes in finer substrates, along running from the Midwest, a frequent flier. waters of all kinds. Biology: Probably a recent invader to the eastern Flight dynamics: Fully winged, in light trap records. states, records from New England are from Biology: Hibernates as adult. 1963 or later. General range: A northeastern subspecies. Another General range: A transcontinental species except subspecies (Bembidion rusticum lenensoides for the Northwest, rare in the Northeast. East to Lindroth) is found in northwestern Canada and New Brunswick, in Québec north to Bellechasse Alaska and eastern Siberia as far west as Co. east of Québec City and to the Abitibi Mongolia. This subspecies is found northeast to region, in Ontario north to Lake Nipigon, in southern Labrador, in Québec north to Anticosti the southern Canadian prairies to Lethbridge, Island, along both sides of the St. Lawrence southern Alberta, west to Montana, Wyoming, River to Montreal but not farther west, south Utah and California, south to Arizona, Texas, to Pennsylvania and Massachusetts. Louisiana, and Georgia. Maine localities (16): Allagash (CNC), Appleton Maine localities (5): Biddeford (PVT), Cutler (CNC), Batchelders Grant Township (RENC), (CNC), Ogunquit (CNC), Readfield (CNC), Eustis (CNC), Grafton Township (CNC), Madrid Township C (MFS). Township (CNC), Moscow (RENC), Mount Katahdin Township (RENC), Nesourdnahunk Bembidion rolandi Fall (Plate 17) Township (CNC), Pittston Academy Grant Habitat: Shores of rivers and large lakes, on gravel (RPWC), Sandy Bay Township (CNC), T10 R7 bars. Adults are usually found several inches WELS (MFS), T11 R16 WELS (MFS), T12 R8 deep in the gravel. WELS (MFS), T3 R10 WELS (CNC), Waterville Flight dynamics: Fully winged, in light trap records. (RENC). Biology: Unlike its relative B. planum, it is rarely collected by splashing gravel with water. When Bembidion salebratum LeConte (Plate 17) threatened, it rushes into shallow water where Habitat: This species occurs in bare gravel, sand or it hides under stones. even clay, along streams and rivers. In Vermont, General range: A northeastern species, largely however, it is restricted to the wet gravel or Appalachian. Northeast to Nova Scotia and sand at the margin of Lake Champlain where New Brunswick, in Québec northeast to Québec B. nigrum is very rare, but the two species are City region and Montreal, in Ontario north to often found together in comparable abundance Ottawa, south to Ohio, Virginia, West Virginia, in New Brunswick. New York, Vermont, and Maine. Flight dynamics: Fully winged, in light trap records. Maine localities (2): Allagash (CNC), Anson (CNC). Biology: Hibernates as adult. General range: A northeastern and north-central Bembidion rothfelsi Maddison (Plate 17) species. Northeast to Newfoundland, in Québec Habitat: Gravel bars and islands in smaller rivers north to James Bay, in Ontario north to Lake and creeks. Cochrane and Lake Nipigon, northwest to Flight dynamics: Fully winged, readily takes flight extreme northeastern British Columbia, west when disturbed. to Idaho, Wyoming, south to South Dakota, Biology: Unknown; adults abundant at type locality Iowa, Wisconsin, Michigan, southern Ontario, (Vermont) on 11 July. Pennsylvania, New York, Vermont, and New General range: Nova Scotia and New Brunswick Hampshire. west across southern Québec to southeastern Maine localities (7): Brownville (CNC), Connor Ontario, southwest to Illinois, Missouri and Township (CNC), Fort Kent (CNC), Readfield western Mississippi, east of the Appalachians (CNC), Cathance Township (RPWC), Trout known only south to North Carolina. Brook Township (CNC), Weld (CNC). Maine localities (14): Berwick (Maddison), Bethel (Maddison), Greenville (Maddison), Bembidion scopulinum (Kirby) (Plate 17) Greenwood (Maddison), Mexico (Maddison), Habitat: On bare, shaded sand or gravel bars, Newry (Maddison), Anson (Maddison), Paris commonest on rushing mountain brooks (Maddison), Eustis (Maddison), T2 R10 up to 1,250 m, also on the shores of Lake 490 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014

Champlain associated with B. salebratum, Bembidion semicinctum Notman (Plate 17) rare along lowland rivers. Can be common Habitat: Among fallen leaves or in mosses and in freshwater seepage areas near salt marshes sedges near small streams, vernal ponds and and sea beaches. pools, and beaver ponds, often common under Flight dynamics: Wings polymorphic, flight records alders and willows in these habitats. of macropterous specimens in Newfoundland. Flight dynamics: Normally vestigially winged, Biology: Teneral adults appear from June into flight wings reduced to tiny scales (Lindroth August; hibernates as adult. 1963), though long-winged individuals have General range: A nearly circumpolar species. been encountered in flight in the spring in Absent from Europe but widespread through- New Brunswick. out Siberia. In North America, Northeast to Biology: Teneral individuals appear in mid-August. southern Labrador, in Québec north to Hudson General range: A northeastern species. Northeast Bay, in the Northwest Territories north to Hay to Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, in Québec River on the south shore of Great Slave Lake, extending down St. Lawrence valley beyond in the southern Yukon north to Dawson, in Québec City, in Ontario north to Ottawa and Alaska west to Ft. Yukon and Anchorage, west west to Simcoe, west to Michigan, south to to British Columbia, south to Oregon, Idaho, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Connecticut. New Mexico, South Dakota, Minnesota, Illinois, Maine localities (11): Belgrade (RENC), Fairfield Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New York. (RENC), Grand Isle (CNC), Mount Desert Maine localities (34): Addison (RPWC), Allagash (UVM), Mount Vernon (MFS), Oakland (UNH), Anson (CNC), Appleton (CNC), Bar (RENC), Sidney (RENC), T2 R4 WELS Harbor (PROC, UNH), Caratunk (RENC), (CNC), Waterford (RPWC), Wayne (CNC), Carrabassett Valley (PVT, UVM), Chain of Ponds Whiting (CNC). Township (CNC), Connor Township (CNC), Cutler (CNC), East Millinocket (CNC), Edmunds Bembidion semistriatum Haldeman (Plate 17) Township (CNC), Fort Kent (CNC), Garfield Habitat: In gravel banks along lightly shaded Plantation (MFS), Hancock (CNC), Millinocket brooks and small rivers, absent from deeply (UNH), Mount Desert (UVM), Mt. Katahdin shaded forest brooks and rare along larger Township (RENC), Nesourdnahunk Township rivers. Sometimes abundant in rock crevices (CNC), Newry (UVM), Parlin Pond Township in gorges. (CNC), Pittston Academy Grant (RPWC), Flight dynamics: Fully winged, no flight records. Squapan Township (CNC), T10 R7 WELS Biology: Teneral adults appear from July to (MFS), T15 R13 WELS (CNC), Cross Lake September. Township (UNH), T3 R10 WELS (CNC), T3 General range: An Appalachian species. North- R11 WELS (RENC), T3 R8 WELS (RENC), east to Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, in T4 R10 WELSD (CNC), T5 R9 WELS (CNC), Québec in the eastern townships and along the T8 R5 WELS (CNC), Waterville (RENC), West St. Lawrence River nearly to Québec City, west Forks Plantation (PVT). to Ontario, Indiana, Kentucky, and Tennessee, south to Alabama and Georgia. Bembidion sejunctum sejunctum Casey (Plate 17) Maine localities (17): Appleton (CNC), Batchelders Habitat: On dry sand on upper margins of sea Grant Township (RENC), Berwick (CNC), beaches; the Great Plains population is on sand Edmunds Township (CNC), Lewiston (MFS), of intermittent streams on the short grass prairie Mexico (CNC), Moscow (RENC), Nesourdnahunk and on sand dunes. Township (CNC), Newry (CNC), Perkins Town- Flight dynamics: The Great Plains population is ship (UVM), Pittston Academy Grant (RPWC), wing dimorphic; eastern populations are con- Sidney (RENC), Stoneham (RENC), Waterford stantly brachypterous with flight wings shorter (RPWC, RENC), Waterville (RENC), Whitefield and narrower than an elytron. (RENC), Winslow (RENC). Biology: By day it hides under drift and rocks well above the high-tide line. Bembidion simplex Hayward (Plate 18) General range: A species known from three widely Habitat: Bare gravel bars along rushing mountain separated areas. This subspecies occurs on the sea streams. This species is most common in head- beach from easternmost Maine to Labrador and water streams where the water is coldest and in the Great Plains from New Mexico to Alberta; the banks heavily shaded. It ascends the moun- another subspecies (Bembidion sejunctum tains to the highest permanent streams. semiaureum Fall) is found on the west coast from Flight dynamics: Fully winged, no flight records. California north to British Columbia. Biology: Teneral specimen seen 23 July; appar- Maine localities (1): Lubec (PVT, RENC). ently hibernation as adult. THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 491

General range: An Appalachian species. North- Biology: Teneral adults appear in late summer, east to northwestern Maine, in Québec north to hibernates as adult. Brome Lake in the eastern townships and to General range: A Holarctic species. Northeast to QuyoninfarwesternQuébec.Thisspecies Labrador, in Québec north to James Bay, in prefers hill and mountain slopes and is prob- the Northwest Territories north to Aklavik, in ably absent from the nonmountainous regions Alaska west to the Yukon River Delta and south of the eastern townships and the Montreal to the Kenai Peninsula, in British Columbia area. South to Ohio, West Virginia, Virginia, west to Vancouver Island, south to Oregon, Tennessee, and North Carolina. Montana, Nebraska, Minnesota, Illinois, Indiana, Maine localities (4): Grafton Township (CNC), Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Massachusetts. Newry (UVM), Sandy Bay Township (CNC), Maine localities (5): Blanchard Township (RENC), T5 R9 WELS (CNC). Cutler (CNC), Eustis (CNC), Milo (CNC), T9 R5 WELS (MFS). Bembidion stephensii Crotch (Plate 18) Habitat: Seeps on sloping banks along streams or Bembidion variegatum Say (Plate 18) sea coasts, often on clay-rich substrates. Habitat: River banks and borders of ponds in mud Flight dynamics: Fully winged, in light trap records. or clay, bordering oxbows and beaver ponds. Biology: Breeds in springtime, hibernates as adult. Flight dynamics: Fully winged, no flight records. General range: An Old World species, adventive in Biology: Unknown. North America before 1891. In , General range: An eastern and central North north to southern Scandinavia, west to the American species. Northeast to New Brunswick, British Isles, south to northern Spain and Italy, in Québec north to Arthabaska Co., in Ontario Bosnia, and Bulgaria, east to European Russia. In north to Grand Bend, west to South Dakota, the North America, Northeast to Newfoundland, Kansas and Texas, south to Louisiana, Alabama, in Québec north to Lac St. Jean, west to Ottawa, and Georgia. Ontario and Ohio, south to Virginia. Maine localities (4): Bar Harbor (PROC), Maine localities (2): Cutler (CNC), Hancock (CNC). Chesuncook Township (MFS), Mount Desert (PROC), Mt. Vernon (MFS).

Bembidion tetracolum Say (Plate 18) Bembidion versicolor LeConte (Plate 18) Habitat: Bare soil, in gardens, croplands and along Habitat: Bare mud in many habitats, shores of larger rivers, usually on moister fine-grained streams, lakes and ponds, muddy areas in bog, substrates with scattered vegetation. Definitely gardens and croplands when surface is moist; favored by human disturbance. has been taken in beaver lodges and amid cat- Flight dynamics: Wings dimorphic, light trap records. tails. Found at all elevations, including the Biology: Teneral adults appear from July into highest mountains. September. Flight dynamics: Fully winged, a frequent flier, General range: An Old World species, adventive abundant at light traps and will fly to escape into North America before 1700. North to cen- on warm days. tral Sweden, southern Norway, west through the Biology: Hibernation as adult. British Isles, south to southern Spain, Italy and General range: A transcontinental species. North- Greece, east to western Siberia and Kyrgyzstan, east to Newfoundland and Labrador, in Québec south to the Caucasus. In North America, North- north to Schefferville and Ogoki, in Ontario east to Newfoundland, in Québec north to Lac north to Nunavut, west to central Alaska and St. Jean and Abitibi, in Ontario west to Lake the Pacific coast of British Columbia, including Huron; in the USA, west to South Dakota, south the Queen Charlotte Islands, south to Washington, to Texas, Tennessee, and North Carolina. Idaho, Colorado, South Dakota, Iowa, Kentucky, Maine localities (9): Auburn (RENC), Camden Georgia, and Florida. (CNC), Cutler (CNC), Eustis (MFS), Fort Kent Maine localities (76): Albany Township (CNC), (UVM), Lewiston (MFS), Orono (MFS), South- Allagash (UNH), Andover (CNC), Ashland west Harbor (PROC), Winslow (PVT). (UNH), Auburn (RPWC), Augusta (UNH), Bancroft (CNC), Bar Harbor (PROC), Baring Bembidion transparens Gebler (Plate 18) Plantation (CNC), Batchelders Grant Township Habitat: Strongly hygrophilous, among sedges and (RENC), Belgrade (RENC), Carrabassett Valley wet mosses near eutrophic or mesotrophic (CNC, PVT), Chain of Ponds Township (CNC), pools, lakes, or beaver ponds. China (RENC), Columbia (RENC), Columbia Falls Flight dynamics: Wings dimorphic, fully winged (MFS), Comstock Township (RPWC), Coplin forms observed in flight and at light traps. Plantation (RPWC), Cornish (CNC), Cutler 492 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014

(CNC), Dennistown Plantation (UNH), Durham mountains through Virginia to Kentucky and (RPWC), East Millinocket (CNC), Edmunds North Carolina. Township (CNC), Eustis (CNC), Fairfield Maine localities (8): Camden (CNC), Cape Elizabeth (RENC), Fort Kent (CNC), Franklin (UNH), (PVT, RENC), Carrabassett Valley (PVT, RENC), Fryeburg (RPWC), Garfield Plantation (MFS), Edmunds Township (CNC), Lewiston (MFS), Grand Isle (CNC), Greenville (UNH), Lebanon Mount Desert (UVM), Mount Katahdin Town- (UNH), Lewiston (MFS), Limerick, CNC, ship (RENC), Sandwich Academy Grant Town- Lincoln (UNH), Lincoln Plantation (CNC, RPWC), ship (MFS). Litchfield (CNC), Lyman (RENC), Mexico (CNC), Monmouth (UNH, RENC), Montville Subtribe Xystosomina (RENC),MountDesert(UVM,Mt.Vernon(MFS, Genus Mioptachys RENC), Newfield (RPWC), Newry (CNC), Oakfield (RPWC), Pittston Academy Grant Mioptachys flavicauda (Say) (Plate 35) (RPWC), Rangeley (UNH), Readfield (CNC), Habitat: Under bark of fallen trees and branches, Reed Plantation (CNC), Rumford (CNC), Saint in shaded, relatively humid conditions. Francis (CNC), Sanford (CNC), Sidney (RENC), Flight dynamics: Fully winged, recorded in flight. Skowhegan (RENC), Steuben (UVM), T11 R14 Biology: Hibernates as an adult. WELS (UNH), T17 R4 WELS (UNH), T17 R5 General range: A transcontinental species. North- (MFS), T2 R9 WELS (RENC), T4 R10 WELS east to New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, in (CNC), T5 R18 WELS (RPWC), T9 R5 WELS Québec north to Berthierville, north to Michigan, (UNH), Troy (RENC), Unity (RENC), Waterboro Wisconsin, Minnesota, northwest to North (RPWC, RENC), Waterville (PVT, RENC), Dakota, west to South Dakota, Nebraska, Iowa, Wayne (CNC), Wilton (CNC), Winslow (RENC). Missouri, Arkansas. Texas, the Gulf Coast, and Florida; isolated population on Pacific Coast Bembidion versutum LeConte (Plate 18) from British Columbia to California; some Habitat: On sand or mud, especially on mixed sand records from Arizona and New Mexico, absent and mud along slow streams, often among from arid regions of the continental interior. sedges. Especially common on small deltas Maine localities (7): Augusta (UNH), Bar Harbor where streams enter beaver ponds, sometimes (PROC, UNH), Belgrade (RENC), Lebanon in beaver lodges. (UNH), Lewiston (MFS), Madison (RENC), Flight dynamics: Fully winged, in light trap records. Scarborough (RENC). Biology: Unknown. General range: An eastern species. Northeast Subtribe Tachyina to New Brunswick, in Québec north to Gaspé, Genus Tachyta North Shore, and Abitibi, in Ontario north to Lake Nipigon, west to Minnesota, south to Tachyta angulata Casey (Plate 45) Wisconsin, Michigan, Ohio, New Jersey, and Habitat: Under bark, usually of dead and dying Connecticut. conifers. Maine localities (6): Auburn (CNC), Fryeburg Flight dynamics: Documented in wind-drift debris (CNC), Mount Vernon (MFS), Oakfield (RPWC), on a lakeshore; this and the ephemeral habitat T12 R8 WELS (MFS), Whiting (RPWC). are consistent with flight being a normal means of dispersal; Bousquet (2010) noted it is fully Bembidion wingatei Bland (Plate 18) winged but did not indicate whether flight was Habitat: Usually found under partly buried stones possible. or logs, commonly in mountain forests and other Biology: Teneral adults occur in early spring, but forest types, but also above treeline; it is parti- adults may be found year-round. cularly abundant in crevices on the summit of General range: A nearly transcontinental, predomi- Mt. Mansfield, Vermont. nantly more northern species of the coniferous Flight dynamics: Vestigially winged. forests. Northeast to Nova Scotia, including Biology: Teneral adults from both late June and Cape Breton Island, and New Brunswick, south October, probably overwinters as adult or larva. along the Appalachian Mountains to South General range: A northeastern species. Northeast Carolina, otherwise south to New Jersey, New to Newfoundland and southern Labrador, in York, and Pennsylvania in the East, west from Québec north to Gaspé, entire North Shore, Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont across Anticosti Island, Ft. George, and Hudson Bay, New York, Québec and Ontario to Michigan in Ontario northwest to Lake Nipigon, west to and Minnesota; not known from North Dakota Wisconsin, south to Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, or south in the central USA, but south into Pennsylvania, and New York, and south in the MontanaintheWest,withisolatedalpine THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 493

records in Arizona and New Mexico; west to southern Maine, south along eastern coastal British Columbia (though apparently not reach- states from Massachusetts to Maryland, farther ing the coast) and north to the southern Yukon south extends farther inland, north to north- Territory, but not yet recorded from Alaska. ern Virginia, western North Carolina, central Maine localities (9): Belgrade (RENC), Buckfield Alabama and Florida, west along the Gulf of (RENC), Fairfield (RENC), Fryeburg (RPWC), Mexico coast to south-central Texas, north in Madison (RENC), Sidney (RENC), Steuben the Rockies to Colorado and west to the (UVM), Waterville (RENC), York (RENC). mountains of Arizona. Maine locality (1): York (PVT). Tachyta inornata (Say) (Plate 45) Habitat: Under bark of dry logs or standing snags, Genus Elaphropus at least of coniferous species. Flight dynamics: Fully winged, daytime flight Elaphropus anceps (LeConte) (Plate 29) observed. Habitat: Bare mud, either wet or partly dry, along Biology: Unknown. margins of rivers and lakes, in gardens, culti- General range: A transcontinental species. North- vated fields, gravel pits, and along paths. east to Maine, in Québec north to the Eastern Flight dynamics: Fully winged, no flight records. Townships and Montreal, and in the Ottawa Biology: Unknown. Valley of southern Ontario, northwest to north- General range: An eastern and central North ern Wisconsin to the shore of Lake Superior, American species. Northeast to Cape Breton west to North Dakota, Montana, Idaho, southern Island in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, British Columbia, and Washington, south into in Québec on the south side of the Gaspé, Oregon, California, southwest to Arizona, New and north of the Vermont border, in Belleville, Mexico, and Texas, and eastwards across Louisiana, Ontario on Lake Ontario, and Bayfield on Alabama, Florida, and Georgia; south in the Lake Huron, across the prairie provinces to mountains to Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, and Winnipeg, Manitoba, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, extreme western Cuba. Another species (Tachyta and Medicine Hat, Alberta; also an isolated kirbyi Casey) is found generally north of this spe- record from Hay River, Northwest Territories; cies, though they overlap considerably in range. west to British Columbia, Washington, and Maine localities (5): Bar Harbor (PROC), Madison Oregon, south to Arizona, New Mexico, Kansas, (RENC), Mount Desert (UNH), Passadumkeag Missouri, Kentucky, Alabama, West Virginia, (UNH), Waterboro (RENC). and Maryland. Maine localities (30): Albany Township (CNC), Tachyta kirbyi Casey (Plate 45) Anson (CNC), Auburn (CNC), Belgrade Habitat: Under bark of dry fallen logs and snags. (RENC), Berwick (CNC), Buxton (RENC), Flight dynamics: Fully winged, no flight records. Charleston (RENC), Clinton (RENC), Cutler Biology: Unknown. (CNC), Fairfield (PVT, RENC), Fort Kent General range: A transcontinental species but (CNC), Fryeburg (CNC), Hancock (CNC), largely farther north than preceding species, Leeds (RENC), Lewiston (MFS), Lincoln although they overlap extensively. Northeast to (CNC), Mechanic Falls (RENC), Montville Maine, in Québec north to the Gaspé, Lac (RENC), Mount Desert (PROC), Mount Vernon St. Jean and Abitibi, in Ontario north to Sudbury (RENC), Newport (RENC), Norridgewock and Rainy River, in Alberta north to Edmonton, (RENC), Pittsfield (RENC), Reed Plantation in British Columbia west of Vancouver, south (CNC), Sebago (CNC), Sidney (RENC), Steuben to Washington and Oregon, Idaho, Montana, (UVM), Strong (RENC), Waterville (RENC), North Dakota, Minnesota, Wisconsin, New York, Wilton (CNC), Winslow (RENC). Massachusetts, and New Hampshire. Maine localities (4): Benton (RENC), Bigelow Elaphropus dolosus (LeConte) (Plate 29) Township (UVM), Lewiston (MFS), York (PVT). Habitat: Sand banks along medium to large rivers. Flight dynamics: Fully winged, no flight records. Tachyta parvicornis Notman (Plate 45) Biology: Unknown. Habitat: Under bark of pitch pine and other conifers. General range: Widespread in western plains Flight dynamics: Fully winged, no light trap records. with a few isolated eastern records. Northeast Biology: Teneral adults appear from April to July, to central Maine, in southern New Hampshire and in September; overwinters in part in the on Merrimack River, on Connecticut River and adult stage. Lake Champlain, in Ontario on Prince Edward General range: A widespread, more southern spe- Island, a peninsula in Lake Ontario, and at cies, not reaching the West Coast. Northeast to Grand Bend on Lake Huron. Apparently a gap 494 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014

between here and the main range of the spe- Elaphropus saturatus (Casey) (Plate 29) cies. North to Indiana, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Habitat: Shores of rivers and lakes on coarse sand, North Dakota, Montana, west to Washington, especially upper banks with sparse vegetation. Oregon, California, south to Arizona, New Flight dynamics: Fully winged, no flight records. Mexico, Texas, Arkansas, and Missouri. Biology: Teneral adults appear in late August; Maine locality (1): Fairfield (PVT). strictly nocturnal and must be flooded out of banks. Elaphropus granarius (Dejean) (Plate 29) General range: An eastern and central North Habitat: Open, sparsely vegetated areas, pastures, American species. Northeast to Nova Scotia fields, lawns and also sand pits. Taken in tundra and New Brunswick, in Québec north to on Mt. Mansfield, Vermont, at 1,200 m elevation Québec City and the Montreal area, in Ontario Flight dynamics: Wing dimorphic, in light trap north to Ottawa and Bayfield on Lake Huron, records. northwest to Wisconsin, west to Minnesota, Biology: In Vermont, has been collected twice at Kansas and Texas, south to Tennessee, Alabama, anthills of Lasius alienus Förster. and Georgia. General range: An eastern and central North Maine localities (17): Anson (CNC, RENC), American species. Northeast to Nova Scotia Bancroft (CNC), Berwick (CNC), Buxton and New Brunswick, in Québec north to coun- (PVT, RENC), Cornish (RPWC), Embden ties north of the Vermont border and in the (RPWC), Fryeburg (CNC), Mercer (RENC), Montreal area; in the Ottawa Valley of Ontario Mexico (CNC), Norridgewock (RENC), Pittsfield west to Hull, north to Michigan, Wisconsin, (RENC), Sidney (RENC), South Berwick (CNC), and Minnesota; west to Iowa, Nebraska, and Squapan Township (CNC), Strong (RENC), Kansas; south to Arkansas, Mississippi, and Waterville (RENC), Wilton (CNC). Florida. Maine localities (7): Columbia Falls (CNC), Fort Elaphropus tripunctatus (Say) (Plate 30) Kent (CNC), Mechanic Falls (RENC), Mount Habitat: In sterile gravel on riverbanks and exposed Katahdin Township (PVT), Newfield (CNC), lake shores. Parsonsfield (CNC, RPWC), Sidney (PVT). Flight dynamics: Fully winged, in light trap records. Biology: Unknown. Elaphropus incurvus (Say) (Plate 29) General range: An eastern and central North Habitat: Bare mud, wet or partly dry in many American species. Northeast to Nova Scotia situations, along margins of rivers and lakes, and New Brunswick, in Québec to the south in gardens and wet parts of fields; has been shore of the Gaspé, north to Québec City, in taken in beaver lodges and from under roots Ontario north to Ottawa, north to Michigan, of goldenrod. Iowa, west to Missouri, Oklahoma, Texas, Flight dynamics: Fully winged, in light trap records. south to the Gulf Coast and Georgia. Biology: Unknown. Maine localities (13): Anson (CNC), Buxton General range: A nearly transcontinental species. (PVT, RENC), Cornish (CNC), Fort Kent (CNC), Northeast to New Brunswick, in Québec north Garfield Plantation (MFS), Mexico (CNC), to Lac St. Jean and Abitibi, in Ontario north to Moscow (RENC), Nesourdnahunk Township Ottawa and Parry Sound, in Manitoba north (CNC), Norridgewock (RENC), Sidney (RENC), to Lake Manitoba, in southern Saskatchewan Strong (RENC), T10 R7 WELS (MFS), T15 north to Regina, in British Columbia west to R13 WELS (CNC). Kamloops in the Okanogan Valley, west to Washington, Oregon, south into Idaho, Nebraska, Elaphropus vernicatus (Casey) (Plate 30) Arkansas, Kentucky, West Virginia, Maryland, Habitat: Nests of mound-building ants, Formica and New Jersey. exsectoides Forel. Maine localities (24): Albany Township (CNC), Flight dynamics: Fully winged, no flight records. Anson (CNC), Auburn (CNC), Bar Harbor Biology: Unknown. (PROC), Berwick (CNC), Charleston (RENC), General range: An eastern and central North Clinton (PVT), Fairfield (PVT, RENC), Fryeburg American species. Northeast to New Brunswick, (CNC), Lewiston (MFS), Lincoln (CNC), in Québec north to Bécancour near Trois Manchester (RENC), Mechanic Falls Rivieres, northwest to southern Manitoba and (RENC), Montville (RENC), Mount Vernon Saskatchewan, west to Iowa, Missouri, south (RENC), Newfield (CNC), Newport (RENC), to Kentucky, and North Carolina. Norridgewock (RENC), Sabattus (RENC), Maine localities (14): Augusta (UNH), Cutler Sebago (CNC), Sidney (RENC), Steuben (CNC), Edmunds Township (CNC), Fryeburg (UVM), T2 R9 WELS (RENS), Wilton (CNC). (CNC), Lebanon (CNC), Lewiston (MFS), THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 495

Madrid Township (CNC), Mount Vernon Genus Polyderis (MFS), Naples (CNC), Newfield (CNC), Reed Plantation (CNC), Riley Township (UVM), Polyderis laeva (Say) (Plate 39) South Berwick (CNC), Wilton (CNC). Habitat: Under stones and leaves at borders of marshes or sluggish streams, also recorded from Elaphropus vivax (LeConte) (Plate 30) refuse pile by ant nest and under stones and Habitat: Shores of rivers, brooks, lakes, under moss clumps on barren rock ledges and amid debris on mud or sand. goldenrod roots. Flight dynamics: Fully winged, no flight records. Flight dynamics: Fully winged, flight records. Biology: Nocturnal, caught by flooding banks. Biology: Unknown. General range: An eastern and central North General range: An eastern and central North American species. Northeast to central Maine, American species. Northeast to Nova Scotia and in Québec north to Bécancour, in Ontario north New Brunswick, in Québec north to Québec City, to Ottawa, north to Michigan and Wisconsin, in Ontario north to Ottawa and Grand Bend, north west to Iowa, Missouri, Arkansas, Louisiana, to Michigan, northwest to North Dakota, west to south to Alabama and Georgia. Iowa, Missouri, Arkansas, southwest to Texas, Maine localities (3): Clinton (RENC), Sidney (PVT, south to Gulf of Mexico and Florida. RENC), Waterboro (RENC). Maine localities (6): Bar Harbor (CNC), Belgrade (RENC), Lebanon (UNH), Mount Desert (PROC), Elaphropus xanthopus (Dejean) (state record Pittsfield (RENC), Winslow (RENC). only from Bousquet and Larochelle (1993) and Bousquet (2010, 2012)) Genus Paratachys Habitat: Moist ground on clay, silt or sandy mud, near marshes, ponds or lakes, or along rivers, Paratachys proximus (Say) (record from Majka among stranded marsh plants. et al. (2011)) (Plate 37) Flight dynamics: Fully winged, occasionally attracted Habitat: Wet ground proximal to low-energy to artificial lights at night. aqueous environments (ponds, slow streams, Biology: Adults overwinter and may be found marshes), on fine-grained substrates like clay throughout the year; egg-laying season appar- and mud, at most partly sandy; in open or at ently unknown. most partly shaded environments. General range: In the East, from Nova Scotia Flight dynamics: Fully winged; often attracted to through Québec and Ontario west to Michigan, artificial lights at night, occasionally found in south to Arkansas, southeast from there to wind-drifted materials. Florida and north again. Biology: Teneral adults tend to emerge in mid- Maine localities: No specific Maine localities known. summer; overwinter as adults, which may be found year-round. Egg-laying seasonality unknown. Genus Porotachys General range: In the East, from Georgia west to Louisiana and Arkansas, north to Missouri Porotachys bisulcatus (Nicolai) (Plate 39) and South Dakota in the west but to Québec, Habitat: Sawdust piles, sawmills, construction Vermont, and Maine in the Northeast. sites, damp fermenting spruce bark; Washington Maine localities (1): T9 SD (PVT). specimens were taken beneath deeply buried stump in a cow pasture on fine sand of a river Paratachys scitulus (LeConte) (Plate 38) floodplain. Habitat: Muddy sand on banks of rivers, in beaver Flight dynamics: Fully winged, in light trap records. lodges, also under dead leaves on muddy shores Biology: Often swarms at night or sunset, teneral of ponds. adults appear in autumn. Flight dynamics: Fully winged, multiple flight General range: An adventive Old World species. In records. the Old World, southern and central Europe and Biology: Observed taking wing while swimming. North Africa, Madeira, east to the Caucasus and General range: An eastern and central species. Armenia. In Massachusetts since before 1900; Northeast to New Brunswick, in Québec north now also in Northeast to New Brunswick, in to Gatinaeu, north Ontario and Michigan, west Québec north to Chicoutimi, west to Minnesota to South Dakota, Kansas, and Texas, Gulf Coast and North Dakota, south to Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Florida. Vermont and New Hampshire; isolated in Maine localities (6): Embden (RPWC), Lewiston western Washington. (MFS), Mercer (RENC), Norridgewock (RENC), Maine locality (1): Lebanon (UNH). Paris (MCZ), Waterville (RENC). 496 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014

Subfamily Patrobinae Québec south to Laurentide Park, near Québec Tribe Patrobini City, isolated in mountains of Gaspé, and in the Genus Diplous high mountains of northern New York, Vermont, and New Hampshire. Diplous rugicollis (Randall) (Plate 28) Maine locality (1): State record only (PVT). Habitat: Gravel banks along clean, cold streams in hills or mountains. The stream must be wide Patrobus longicornis (Say) (Plate 38) enough to interrupt the forest canopy, so that Habitat: Near streams, ponds, or lakes, but beneath direct sunlight can reach the gravel banks for debris on shaded margins (e.g., beneath shrub part of the day. canopy) and not on exposed shores; bottomland Flight dynamics: Fully winged, a straggler from the woods summit of Mt. Washington, probably flew there. Flight dynamics: Wings dimorphic, fully winged Biology: Teneral adults appear from the end of form has been taken at light traps. June to mid-August. Beetles disappear in late Biology: Teneral adults appear from late June into summer and do not reappear until late April or July, overwinters both as larvae and adults. early May of the following year. General range: A nearly transcontinental spe- General range: A limited area in northeastern cies not reaching West Coast. Northeast to North America. Northeast to Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, in Québec north to Lac St. Jean New Brunswick, in Québec north to the Gaspé, and James Bay, in Ontario north to Ogoki, to Tadoussac and Montreal, in New York limited Ft. Smith in the Northwest Territories, west to to the Adirondack and Catskill Mountains; in Lake Okanogan, British Columbia, south into nearby areas of northeastern Pennsylvania, Washington and Oregon, not known from south to western Massachusetts, and in valleys California or Nevada, but found in Arizona, of the Green Mountains in Vermont and the New Mexico, Oklahoma, Louisiana, and Florida. White Mountains in New Hampshire. Maine localities (42): Abbot (RENC), Adamstown Maine localities (9): Batchelders Grant Township Township (CNC), Alfred (RENC, RPWC), (RENC, UVM), Byron (CNC), Hallowell (PVT), Andover (CNC), Belgrade (RENC), Berwick Madrid Township (CNC), Mount Katahdin (UNH), Brooksville (MCZ), Caratunk (RENC), Township (RENC), Nesourdnahunk Township Carrabassett Valley (PVT, RENC), Chain of (CNC), New Portland (RENC), Newry (RENC, Ponds Township (CNC), Cornish (CNC), Eustis UVM), Strong (RENC). (CNC), Fairfield (PVT, RENC), Farmington (PVT), Garfield Plantation (MFS), Hartland Genus Patrobus (RENC), Isle Au Haut (MCZ), Jackman (CNC), Kibby Township (MFS), Kingsbury Plantation (RENC), Lebanon (CNC), Lewiston Patrobus foveocollis (Eschscholtz) (records (MFS), Lincoln Plantation (CNC), Millinocket from Bousquet and Larochelle (1993) and (MFS), Mount Vernon (MFS, RENC), Naples Bousquet (2010)) (CNC), Nesourdnahunk Township (CNC), Reed Habitat: Coniferous forests in leaf litter, in tundra Plantation (CNC), Sidney (PVT, RENC), South- under bushes; on moist soils rich in plant debris, west Harbor (PROC), Squapan Township (CNC), from marshes to meadows to brush thickets and T11 R10 WELS (MFS), T14 R15 WELS (CNC), forests, probably at higher elevations in Maine. T15 R13 WELS (CNC), T2 R4 WELS Flight dynamics: Mostly short-winged and incap- (CNC), T3 R10 WELS (CNC), T4 R10 WELS able of flight, but fully winged specimens are (CNC), T5 R9 WELS (CNC), Waterville known; fully winged form not recorded from (RENC), Weld (CNC), West Forks Plantation North America. (CNC), Wilton (CNC). Biology: Teneral adults appear in late July to mid- September. General range: A northern transcontinental spe- Patrobus septentrionis Dejean (Plate 38) cies extending to eastern Siberia (Kamchatka Habitat: Borders of lakes, ponds, and slow streams, Peninsula and Kuril Islands). In North America, amid grasses and sedges. Northeast to Labrador and Newfoundland, in Flight dynamics: Fully winged, flight observations Québec north to Ungava Bay, in Manitoba north in Europe. to Hudson Bay, northwest to Alaska, including Biology: Teneral appear in late June and July. lower Yukon River and inner Aleutian Islands; General range: A circumpolar species. In the west to Creston, British Columbia, isolated in Old World, in northern British Isles, northern the mountains of Colorado, south to Cypress Scandinavia and Russia, also in the Alps and Hills, southern Alberta, northern Michigan, in Ural Mountains, northern Siberia to Pacific THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 497

Ocean. In North America, from New Brunswick, Subfamily Psydrinae Newfoundland and Labrador, Québec and the Tribe Psydrini Northwest Territories north to the Arctic Ocean, Genus Nomius throughout Alaska including the Aleutian Islands, south to Washington, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Nomius pygmaeus (Dejean) (Plate 36) Manitoba and Michigan, isolated in the moun- Habitat: Forest species found beneath bark. tains of Colorado, in Québec south to Abitibi, Flight dynamics: Fully winged, in light trap records. isolated in boreal plateaus in northern New Biology: This beetle emits a pungent odor of rot- Hampshire and Maine. ting cheese. Great numbers will fly to lights after Maine localities (2): Greenville (MFS), T13 R12 arainstorm. WELS (MFS). General range: A circumpolar species. In the Old World, found only south of the Alps in Europe, Patrobus stygicus Chaudoir (Plate 38) from Spain to Bulgaria, Caucasus, Armenia, Habitat: Borders of lakes, ponds, slow moving and Morocco. In the New World, Northeast rivers, and fens amid sedges and mosses. to Maine, in Québec north to Lac Mistassini Flight dynamics: Fully winged, light trap records. and Abitibi, in Ontario north to Sudbury and Biology: Hibernation as adult and larva, teneral Kenora, north to Winnipeg, Manitoba, in British adults appear in early and late summer. Columbia west to the Queen Charlotte Islands, General range: A northern transcontinental spe- south through the mountains to California, south cies. Northeast to Newfoundland and Labrador, to Arizona, absent from the Great Plains, south to in Québec north to Schefferville and Povungnituk, Arkansas, Oklahoma, Tennessee, and Georgia. in the Northwest Territories north to Yellowknife, in Maine locality (1): Allagash (UNH). Alaska north to Circle, west to Kotzebue and the tip of Alaska Peninsula, south to Anchorage, in Subfamily Brachininae the mountains of British Columbia; east of the Rockies, south to northern Michigan, in Québec Tribe Brachinini south to Abitibi, Lac St. Jean and Anticosti Island, Genus Brachinus south to northern Maine. Maine localities (4): Chesuncook Township (UNH), Brachinus cordicollis Dejean (Plate 19) Eustis (UNH), Cross Lake Township (MFS), T4 Habitat: Muddy-sandy margins of medium- to R10 WELS (CNC). large-sized rivers, and large lakes. Often under rocks. Flight dynamics: Fully winged, in light trap records. Genus Platypatrobus Biology: Gravid females appear in mid-June and in late August. Like other members of the genus, Platypatrobus lacustris Darlington (Plate 39) defends itself with an explosive charge of steam Habitat: Beaver lodges. and quinones. Active at night and easily found Flight dynamics: Fully winged, light trap records. at that time. Biology: Teneral adults emerge in July, at which General range: An east-central species. North- time they fly from one beaver lodge to another; east to New Brunswick, in Québec along the eggs are laid from late July to October, adults St. Lawrence River to Ile d’Orleans, on the mate many times (in captivity). Adults die in fall Richelieu River to Lake Champlain, west on and third instars overwinter. On cloudy or rainy the Ottawa River to Ft. Coulonge, in Ontario days in late July or early August, adults can be along the North Shore, and a single record from found in superficial coverage on beaver house, Lake Abitibi, on the Great Lake shores of otherwise they are deep within the lodge. Michigan and north to northern Minnesota, west General range: A northern species. Northeast to New to South Dakota, Nebraska, Utah and New Brunswick, in Québec north to Mt. Tremblant, in Mexico, south to Kansas, Arkansas, Kentucky, Ontario from Batchawana Bay on Lake Superior, West Virginia, and Virginia. in Northwest Territories on an island in Great Maine localities (3): Mount Vernon (RENC), New Slave Lake, in Manitoba and Saskatchewan, Sharon (PVT), Sidney (PVT). also in Ohio, New Hampshire and Vermont. Knowledge of distribution is incomplete due Brachinus cyanipennis Say (Plate 19) to collecting difficulties. Habitat: Margins of lakes, ponds and rivers, Maine localities (6): Carrabassett Valley (UVM), including small ones. Found beneath cover Enfield (MFS), Lower Cupsuptic Township such as driftwood and loose bark on stumps (MFS), T17 R4 WELS (MCZ), T6 R11 WELS or logs, stones and heaps of gravel, common (MFS), T9 R5 WELS (MFS). in beaver lodges. 498 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014

Flight dynamics: Fully winged, flight observations. part of the province, west to eastern Washington Biology: Gravid females appear in August, teneral and Oregon, southwest to San Diego, California, adults emerge both in early June and mid- in Mexico south to Sinaloa, Torreón, and Ciudad September; host unknown. Mante, south to the Gulf Coast in the eastern General range: An eastern species. Northeast USA as far south as Orlando, Florida. to New Brunswick, in Québec along the Maine localities (2): Mount Vernon (MFS), Vassalboro St. Lawrence River to Bécancour, in Ontario (PVT). north to Manitoulin Island, in Michigan north to the Straits of Mackinac, north to the south- Brachinus janthinipennis Dejean (Plate 19) eastern corner of Manitoba, west to North Habitat: Under driftwood and stones on margins Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Oklahoma, of lakes and rivers. and New Mexico, south to the Gulf of Mexico, Flight dynamics: Wings vestigial. as far east as Mobile, Alabama but absent from Biology: Larva is a parasitoid in the pupa of var- the southeastern coastal states from Florida to ious species of Dineutus MacLeay (Gyrinidae). North Carolina. Other species of Brachinus Weber are believed Maine localities (21): Anson (CNC), Bancroft to have a similar life history. (CNC), Dixfield (RENC), Embden (RPWC), General range: An eastern species. Northeast to Fryeburg (RPWC), Gardiner (UNH), Hartland Maine, in Québec down the St. Lawrence to (RENC), Lebanon (UNH), Lee (RPWC), Litchfield Bécancour, west to Ft. Coulonge on the Ottawa (CNC), Mercer (RENC), Mount Vernon (MFS, River, in Ontario north to the Bruce Peninsula, RENC, RPWC), Newfield (RPWC), Norridgewock in Michigan north to Lake Superior, north to (RENC), Orono (MFS), Orrington (RENC), Minnesota, northwest to North Dakota, west to Pittsfield (RENC), Princeton (UNH), Searsmont eastern Colorado, in Texas south to Blanco Co. (MFS), Southwest Harbor (PROC), Waterville near Austin, but not in eastern Texas, south to (RENC). Oklahoma, Missouri, southern Indiana, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and Fairfax, Virginia. Brachinus cyanochroaticus Erwin (Plate 19) Maine localities (6): Anson (CNC), Hiram (CNC), Habitat: On the margins of lakes, small rivers and Lewiston (MFS), New Sharon (RENC), Sidney especially small ponds, has been taken in a (RENC), Waterville (RENC). beaver lodge and on beaver dams. Flight dynamics: Fully winged, no flight records. Brachinus medius Harris (Plate 19) Habitat: Found around all bodies of water. Biology: Teneral adults known from April; host Flight dynamics: Fully winged, light trap records. unknown. Has been collected at night on a Biology: Gregarious. beaver dam. General range: A transcontinental species. North- General range: An east-central species. East to east to Maine, in Québec down the St. Lawrence New Brunswick, in Québec on the St. Lawrence River to Bécancour and west to Ft. Coulonge, east only to Joliette, in Ontario north to Lake of north to northern Minnesota, North Dakota, the Woods, in the southern prairie provinces Montana, Idaho, northwest to southern British west to Shuswap Lake in southeastern British Columbia, west to Washington, Oregon, north- Columbia, south to Idaho, Colorado, Kansas, ern California, south to Utah, Colorado, Texas, Missouri, Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and the Gulf of Mexico and Florida, also extends New Jersey. into Mexico. Not recorded from Virginia or Maine localities (2): Berwick (CNC), Litchfield the Carolinas. (CNC). Maine localities (4): Durham (RPWC), Lebanon (UNH), Mount Vernon (MFS, RPWC), Newfield Brachinus fumans (F.) (Plate 19) (RPWC). Habitat: Near various bodies of water; in Vermont, limited to shores of lakes and large rivers. Brachinus ovipennis LeConte (Plate 20) Flight dynamics: Fully winged, in light trap records. Habitat: Shores of large lakes and rivers. Biology: Gravid females appear in August, teneral Flight dynamics: Fully winged, in light trap records. adults emerge from mid-August to mid-September. Biology: Unknown. General range: A transcontinental species. North- General range: An eastern and central North east to New Bruinswick, in Québec north of American species. Northeast to Maine, in Québec the Ile d’Orleans and Hull, north in Manitoba down the St. Lawrence River to Bécancour, in to the extreme southwestern corner, in Alberta Ontario from the shores of Lake Ontario and north to Lethbridge, northwest to Creston, Lake Erie, in Michigan only from the southern British Columbia in the extreme southeastern third of the lower peninsula north to Port Huron, THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 499

and Grand Rapids, in Minnesota north to Maine locality (1): Eliot (RPWC). Minneapolis, west to southern South Dakota, western edge of Kansas, southwest to Oklahoma, Poecilus lucublandus lucublandus (Say) (Plate 39) south to Dallas, Texas, Missouri, Indiana, Ohio, Habitat: Forest edges, open fields, disturbed sites, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Massachusetts. gardens, pastures, sand and gravel pits, river and Maine localities (7): Belgrade (RENC), Milbridge lake shores; has also been taken in mountain (MFS), New Sharon (RENC), Pittsfield (RENC), tundra and beaver lodges. Sidney (RENC), Waterville (RENC), Winslow Flight dynamics: Fully winged, but light trap (RENC). records are rare. Biology: Mating occurs in late May, gravid females Brachinus patruelis LeConte (Plate 20) appear from May to July. Teneral adults emerge Habitat: Margins of vernal ponds in oak forest with from August into October; hibernates as an mountain laurel; adults in moist leaves. adult. Females can emit a defensive secretion Flight dynamics: Vestigially winged. which paralyzes males. Biology: Unknown. General range: A transcontinental species. North- General range: Largely an Atlantic coastal species. east to Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, in From Maine to Cape May, New Jersey; also a Québec north to Anticosti Island, Lac St. Jean single record from Detroit, Michigan and a and Abitibi, in Ontario north to Sioux Lookout, possible one from northeastern Illinois. in Manitoba north to Lake Winnipegosis, in Maine locality (1): Waterville (PVT). Alberta north to Ft. McMurray, in the North- west Territories north to Ft. Smith, in British Brachinus vulcanoides Erwin (Plate 20) Columbia west to Vancouver Island, in Washington Habitat: Most specimens caught on sea beaches and Oregon only east of the Cascade Mountains, but some are found on borders of fresh water, south to Utah, Colorado, New Mexico, Oklahoma, usually near the coast. In Rhode Island, adults Missouri, Tennessee, Georgia, and South Carolina. common in sedge hummocks and moist leaves Two other subspecies, Poecilus lucublandus on margins of vernal ponds in red maple swamps. acomanus Casey and Poecilus lucublandus Flight dynamics: Fully winged and likely capable louisinus Casey, are known from New Mexico of flight. and Missouri, respectively. Biology: Probably overwinters in the adult phase, Maine localities (62): Abbot (RENC), Albany since they can be found late in autumn and early Township (CNC), Albion (RENC), Alfred in the spring; egg-laying seasonality unknown. (RPWC), Anson (CNC), Athens (RENC), Auburn General range: An Atlantic coastal species. From (CNC), Augusta (UNH), Bar Harbor (PROC), Maine to New Jersey and an anomalous record Belgrade (RENC), Berwick (CNC), Blue Hill from Crescent City, Florida. (RENC), Buckfield (RENC), Camden (CNC), Maine locality (1): Waterville (RENC). Caratunk (RENC), Carrabassett Valley (CNC, PVT, RENC), China (RENC), Clinton Subfamily Harpalinae (RENC), Columbia Falls (RENC), Cumberland Supertribe Pterostichitae (RENC), East Millinocket (CNC), Fairfield Tribe Pterostichini (PVT,RENC),Fryeburg(PVT,RPWC), Genus Poecilus Garland (RENC), Hancock (CNC), Harrington (UVM), Hartland (RENC), Lewiston (MFS), Poecilus chalcites (Say) (Plate 39) Magalloway Plantation (RPWC), Mayfield Habitat: Grasslands, open fields, forest edges, around Township (RENC), Mechanic Falls (RENC), damp soil, large numbers exposed by plowing; Milbridge (RENC), Millinocket (CNC), common in the Midwest, rare in the East. Montville (RENC), Moscow (RENC), Mount Flight dynamics: Fully winged, common at light Vernon (MFS), Naples (CNC), Northport traps. (RPWC), Oakland (RENC), Orono (MFS), Biology: Gravid females appear in early May, Palmyra (RENC), Parsonsfield (CNC), Phippsburg teneral adults emerge in the late summer and (RENC), Pownal (PVT), Presque Isle (MFS), fall; hibernates as an adult. Reed Plantation (CNC), Sabattus (RENC), Saint General range: An eastern and central North Francis (CNC), Sidney (RENC), Skowhegan American species. Northeastern limit in New (RENC), Southwest Harbor (PROC), Steuben Brunswick, in Québec on Anticosti Island, (MFS, RENC, UVM), T3 R8 WELS (MFS), T8 north to Québec City, in Ontario north to Lake R5 WELS (CNC), Washburn (RENC), Washington of the Woods, northwest to North Dakota, west (RENC), Waterville (RENC), West Forks Planta- to South Dakota, Kansas, Colorado, south to tion (CNC), Whitneyville (MFS), Wilton (CNC), Louisiana, the Gulf Coast, and Florida. Windsor (RENC), Winslow (RENC). 500 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014

Genus Gastrellarius Maine locality (1): Mt. Katahdin Township (CNC, MFS). Gastrellarius honestus (Say) (Plate 31) Habitat: Forests, both hardwood and evergreen, Genus Myas up to the treeline in New England, but absent from seasonally flooded forests; found under Myas coracinus Say (Plate 35) bark or in fallen logs. Habitat: Leaf litter in deciduous forests. Flight dynamics: Vestigially winged. Flight dynamics: Vestigially winged. Biology: A spring breeder, female overwinters in Biology: Unknown. gravid condition; teneral adults also emerge in General range: An eastern species. Northeast to spring to early summer. Maine, north to Massachusetts, New York, Point General range: A northeast and north-central North Pelee, Ontario, west to Michigan, Wisconsin, American species with a southeastern exten- and Illinois, south to Tennessee, Alabama, and sion along the Appalachians. Northeast to Nova Georgia. Scotia and New Brunswick, in Québec north to Maine locality (1): Bar Harbor (PROC). south shore of Gaspé and to St. Fidele (eastern Charlevoix Co.), to Labelle near Mt. Tremblant, Myas cyanescens Dejean (Plate 35) west to Michigan, eastern Illinois, south to Habitat: In mesic and mature hardwood or mixed Kentucky, Virginia, south in the Appalachian forest, sometimes on drier secondary forest sites, Mountains to Alabama and Georgia. usually with oaks, often on rock ledges or at Maine localities (27): Acton (RPWC), Anson the forest margin, under cover such as leaf litter (RENC), Bar Harbor (PROC), Caratunk (RENC), or fallen logs. Chain of Ponds Township (CNC), Chesterville Flight dynamics: Vestigially winged; incapable of (MFS), China (RENC), Eustis (CNC), Fairfield flight. (RENC), Gouldsboro (PROC), Grafton Township Biology: Teneral adults found in mid-August; breeds (CNC), Kibby Township (MFS), Magalloway in fall, and both adults and larvae overwinter. Plantation(MFS), Moscow (RENC), Mount General range: An eastern and central North Desert (PROC), Mount Katahdin Township American species. Northeast to New Brunswick (RENC), Mount Vernon (MFS), Nesourdnahunk and Nova Scotia, in Québec north to Lac Township (CNC), Newry (UVM), Orrington St. Jean and Lake Timiskaming, in Ontario (MFS), Oxbow Plantation (MFS), Sidney north to Ottawa, Delhi, and Chatham, northwest (RENC), Skowhegan (RENC), T3 R10 WELS to Minnesota, south to Illinois, Ohio, south in (RENC), T3 R8 WELS (RENC), Trout Brook the mountains to Alabama and Georgia. Township (RENC), Waterville (RENC). Maine localities (11): Anson (RENC), Bethel (CNC), Harrington (UVM), Islesboro (PVT), Genus Stereocerus Monmouth (MFS), Mount Desert (PROC), Orrington (MFS), Sidney (RENC), Steuben Stereocerus haematopus (Dejean) (Plate 45) (UVM), Waterboro (RENC), Waterville (RENC). Habitat: In drier, well-drained tundra habitats, in moss and under stones. Genus Pterostichus Flight dynamics: Wings dimorphic, no flight records. Biology: Overwinters as adult or larva, gravid Pterostichus adoxus (Say) (Plate 39) females appear in July, teneral adults in late July. Habitat: Under bark of fallen trees in hardwood General range: A circumpolar species. In the forests, particularly those with sugar maples and Old World, in far northern European Russia American beech. and Siberia. In the New World, Northeast to Flight dynamics: Vestigially winged. Newfoundland (northern Peninsula) and Labrador, Biology: Gravid females appear in July, larvae in Québec north to Ungava Bay, in Nunavut appear in fall and overwinter; teneral adults and the Northwest Territories north to the Arctic emerge from early May to mid-August. Ocean and Banks Island, throughout Alaska General range: A northeastern and north-central except for southeastern panhandle, south to North American species with an extension south British Columbia, south to Edmonton, Alberta along the Appalachian Mountains. Northeast to and Gillam on the Nelson River in Manitoba; Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, in Québec south to the coastal tundra of Hudson Bay; iso- north to Québec City and Hull, in Ontario north lated mountains populations occur in Montana, to Ottawa, west to Michigan and Wisconsin, Wyoming, New York, Vermont, New Hampshire south to Indiana and Ohio, Virginia and New and Maine, and on the Gaspé Peninsula of Jersey, in the Appalachians south to Georgia, Québec. the Carolinas, and Tennessee. THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 501

Maine localities (28): Anson (RENC), Bar Harbor Orono (MFS), Orrington (MFS), Oxbow Plan- (PROC, UVM), Cape Elizabeth (RENC), tation (MFS), Phippsburg (RENC), Portage Caratunk (RENC), Carrabassett Valley (RENC), Lake (MFS), Rangeley (PVT), Reed Plantation Chain of Ponds Township (CNC), Eustis (CNC), Saint Croix Township (MFS), South- (CNC), Fairfield (RENC), Fryeburg (RPWC), west Harbor (PROC), Stockholm (MFS), T10 Grafton Township (CNC), Islesboro (PVT), R3 WELS (MFS), T10 R8 WELS (MFS), T11 Jim Pond Township (RENC), Kibby Township R10 WELS (MFS), T11 R7 WELS (MFS), (MFS), Moscow (RENC), Mount Desert (MFS), T12R7WELS(MFS),T14R15WELS Mt. Katahdin Township (RENC), Norridgewock (CNC), T14 R6 WELS (MFS), T15 R13 WELS (RENC), Parsonsfield (RPWC), Pittston Acad- (CNC), T15 R8 WELS (MFS), T16 R4 emyGrant(RPWC),Sidney(RENC),T1R9 WELS (MFS), T2 R4 WELS (CNC), T4 R10 WELS (RENC), T3 R10 WELS (RENC), T3 WELS (CNC), T5 R18 WELS (RPWC), T6 R8 WELS (MFS, RENC), T5 R18 WELS R11 WELS (UVM), T8 R5 WELS (MFS), (RPWC), T9 R7 WELS (MFS), Unity (RENC), T8 R8 WELS (MFS), T9 R5 WELS (MFS), Waterville (RENC), York (PVT, RENC). T9 R7 WELS (MFS), Unity (RENC), Upton (CNC), Waterville (RENC), West Forks Planta- Pterostichus adstrictus Eschscholtz (Plate 40) tion (CNC), Winterville Plantation (MFS). Habitat: A forest species, in rotten logs and fallen leaves, numbers increase in clear-cut areas; Pterostichus arcticola (Chaudoir) (Plate 40) generally more common in stands dominated by Habitat: In Maine, on alpine tundra under mosses conifers than hardwoods, in which Pterostichus and rocks, often on glacial till. pensylvanicus LeConte often predominates. Flight dynamics: Vestigially winged. Flight dynamics: Fully winged, flight observed in Biology: On Mt. Washington, gravid females Europe. observed in June-July, teneral adults emerged Biology: Teneral adults appear in late summer, from June to September. with hibernation in the adult stage. Gravid General range: A northern transcontinental spe- females occur from spring into mid-summer. cies. North to the Arctic Ocean and Baffin and General range: A circumpolar species. In the Old Victoria Islands in Nunavut, in Yukon at World, in northern coniferous regions in north- Dawson, in Northwest Territories at Ft. Norman, ern Scandinavia, Iceland, Faeroes, Scotland, south to Mt. McKinley, Alaska; in Québec south northern England and Wales, across northern to James Bay and to Battle Harbor, Labrador. Russia and Siberia to Pacific Ocean. In the Relict populations in high mountains of the New World, Northeast to Newfoundland and Gaspé Peninsula of Québec, Maine, New Labrador, in Québec north to Ungava Bay, in Hampshire, and New York. Ontario and Manitoba north to Hudson Bay, Maine locality (1): Mount Katahdin Township in the Northwest Territories north to Aklavik, (CNC). in Alaska west to Circle and Ft. Yukon but not in the Brooks Range or North Coast, west Pterostichus brevicornis (Kirby) (Plate 40) alongtheAleutianIslands.Inthewestern Habitat: In North America, in northern or higher mountains south to California, Arizona and altitude coniferous forests as well as in the New Mexico, in the Great Plains south to open tundra, but in the Old World this is strictly Nebraska, Minnesota, south to northern Indiana, a tundra species. Pennsylvania, northern New York, south in the Flight dynamics: Vestigially winged. mountains to Virginia. Biology: Numerous in pitfall traps and in large Maine localities (60): Augusta (UVM), Bar Harbor aggregations in loose bark on dead stumps (PROC), Big Six Township (MFS), Brunswick or rotten logs, under dead leaves, in the tundra (MFS), Byron (CNC), Canaan (RENC), Chain under bushes. Teneral adults appear in July to of Ponds Township (CNC), Deer Isle (RENC), September, can hibernate as adult, larva or Edmunds Township (CNC), Fairfield (RENC), pupa; gravid females appear from June to July Gouldsboro (PROC), Grand Isle (CNC), Hancock on Mt. Washington, New Hampshire, and third (CNC), Kibby Township (MFS), Kineo Township instars may be found there from May into (MFS), Lubec (RENC), Madrid Township (CNC), July. Apparently a two-year life cycle. Masardis (MFS), Matinicus Isle Plantation General range: A circumpolar Holarctic species. (MFS), Milbridge (RENC), Moro Plantation In the Old World, on the Kola Peninsula of (CNC), Moscow (RENC), Mount Desert (PROC, northern Russia, northern Ural Mountains, UVM), Mount Katahdin Township (RENC), northeastern Siberia. In the New World, on Nashville Plantation (MFS), Nesourdnahunk the northern peninsula of Newfoundland, in Township (CNC), Norridgewock (RENC), Québec north to Ungava Bay, in Ontario north 502 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014

to Hudson Bay, in the Yukon north to Arctic Pterostichus coracinus (Newman) (Plate 40) Coast, throughout Alaska including Pribilofs, Habitat: In deciduous forests beneath superficial St. Matthew and St. Lawrence Island, south cover, reaches treeline in New England. to Skagway, northern British Columbia, to Flight dynamics: Vestigially winged. Thompson, Manitoba; in Ontario, south to the Biology: Gravid females appear from late April northern shore of Lake Superior, in Québec through late July, teneral adults emerge from southto48th parallel including Gaspé and late June into early September. Hibernation Tadoussac, relict populations in the high ele- takes place both in adult and larval stages. vations of the Adirondacks, Vermont, New General range: An eastern species. Northeast to Hampshire, and Maine. Newfoundland and Labrador, in Québec north Maine localities (3): Grafton Township (CNC), to James Bay and Mistassini, in Ontario to Mount Katahdin Township (MFS), Riley Town- Moose Factory, west to Michigan, Wisconsin, ship (UVM). and Illinois, south to Tennessee, Georgia, and South Carolina. Pterostichus caudicalis Say (Plate 40) Maine localities (72): Acton (RPWC), Anson Habitat: Among sedges and grasses or bare mud (RENC), Appleton (RPWC), Augusta (MFS), near slow parts of rivers, ponds and especially Bar Harbor (PROC, UVM), Batchelders Grant beaver ponds and shaded wooded shores. Township (RENC), Belgrade (RENC), Brunswick Flight dynamics: Fully winged, no flight records. (MFS), Caratunk (RENC), Carrabassett Valley Biology: Hibernates in the adult stage; gravid (PVT, CNC), Chain of Ponds Township (CNC), females appear around mid-May. Deer Isle (RENC), Eustis (CNC), Fairfield General range: A transcontinental species. North- (PVT, RENC), Fryeburg (RPWC), Garland east to Newfoundland, in Québec north to Lac (RENC), Georgetown (MFS), Gouldsboro St. Jean and Abitibi, in Ontario north to Hudson (PROC), Grafton Township (CNC), Islesboro Bay, in the Northwest Territories at Ft. Smith, (PVT), Jackman (CNC), Kibby Township west to Vancouver Island, south to Washington, (MFS), Lebanon (UNH), Magalloway Planta- Oregon, Utah, Colorado, Kansas, Missouri, Illinois, tion (RPWC), Masardis (MFS), Milbridge Ohio, West Virginia, and North Carolina. (RENC), Moro Plantation (CNC), Mount Desert Maine localities (7): Auburn (RENC), Fryeburg (PROC), Mount Katahdin Township (PVT, (RPWC), Lewiston (MFS), Norridgewock RENC), Mount Vernon (MFS), Nesourdnahunk (RENC), Sanford (CNC), Skowhegan (RENC), Township (CNC), Orono (MFS), Oxbow Planta- Strong (RENC). tion (MFS), Phippsburg (RENC), Pittsfield (RENC), Portage Lake (MFS), Presque Isle (MFS), Reed Plantation (CNC), Saint Francis (MFS), Steuben Pterostichus commutabilis (Motschulsky) (Plate 40) (RENC), T10 R13 WELS (MFS), T10 R3 WELS Habitat: Near ponds and marshes on sandy, humus- (MFS), T10 R8 WELS (MFS), T11 R10 rich soil. WELS (MFS), T11 R7 WELS (MFS), T11 Flight dynamics: Fully winged, drift records indi- R8 WELS (MFS), T12 R7 WELS (MFS), T14 cating flight. R6 WELS (MFS), T14 R7 WELS (MFS), T15 Biology: Teneral adults appear from April into July R13 WELS (CNC), T15 R6 WELS (MFS), T15 and late August to October. R8 WELS (MFS), T16 R4 WELS (MFS), T17 General range: A transcontinental species. North- R4 WELS (MFS), T2 R4 WELS (CNC), T4 east to Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, in R10 WELS (CNC), T6 R11 WELS (UVM), T8 Québec north to Lac St. Jean and Abitibi, in R5 WELS (MFS), T8 R8 WELS (MFS), T9 R5 Ontario north to Parry Sound, in Manitoba north WELS (MFS), T9 R7 WELS (MFS), T9 R8 to Riding Mountain, in Saskatchewan north WELS (MFS), T9 SD (MFS), Upton (CNC), to Saskatoon, in British Columbia, at Salmon Warren (MFS), Washburn (RENC), Waterville Arm, in eastern Washington and Oregon, south to Colorado, Texas, Louisiana, and Florida. (RENC), Wayne (MFS), West Forks Planta- Maine localities: Auburn (RENC), Bar Harbor tion (CNC), Winn (MFS), Winterville Plantation (PROC), Belgrade (RENC), Clinton (RENC), (MFS), York (PVT). Cutler (CNC), Fryeburg (RPWC), Garland (RENC), Hartland (RENC), Hiram (CNC), Lebanon (CNC), Lewiston (MFS), Lyman Pterostichus corrusculus LeConte (Plate 40) (CNC), Mount Desert (PROC), Mount Vernon Habitat: Edges of eutrophic ponds, on wet soil (MFS,RENC),Naples(CNC),Newfield with dense vegetation, often near mouse bur- (CNC), Phippsburg (RENC), Topsham (RENC), rows deep in the grass litter. In New Brunswick, Waterville (RENC). usually found shortly after snow melt. THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 503

Flight dynamics: The few specimens studied have to Ohio, west to Illinois, south to Kentucky and vestigial wings, but it may be dimorphic. North Carolina. Biology: Unknown. Maine localities (6): Buckfield (RENC), Monmouth General range: A northeastern species. North- (CNC), Mount Vernon (RENC), New Portland east to New Brunswick, in Québec north to (RENC), Penobscot (CNC), Sidney (RENC). Lake Ramsey (Gatineau), in Ontario north to Ottawa and Muskoka Lakes, west to Rochester, Pterostichus lachrymosus (Newman) (Plate 41) New York, south to New Jersey, Long Island, Habitat: In thin, second-growth forest at base of and Connecticut. rock ledges, under stones. Abundant in hemlock- Maine localities (2): Canaan (RENC), Wayne (CNC). mixed forest with understory vegetation on sandy soil. Pterostichus corvinus (Dejean) (Plate 40) Flight dynamics: Vestigially winged. Habitat: Marshy borders of ponds, lakes, rivers, Biology: Unknown. especially common on sedge-covered mud General range: An Appalachian species. Northeast flats bordering shallow ponds, fairly common to New Brunswick, in Québec north to Québec in beaver lodges. City and Montreal, in Ontario to Ottawa and Flight dynamics: Fully winged, taken in flight on Prince Edward County, west to eastern Ohio, sunny day over a fen. south to the mountains of Tennessee and Georgia. Biology: Gravid females appear in late May to Maine localities (12): Bar Harbor (CNC), Batchelders mid-June, mating takes place in June, teneral Grant Township (RENC), Bradley (RPWC), adults appear in July to October. Hibernation Caratunk (CNC), Fairfield (RENC), Garland in the adult stage. (RENC), Lee (RPWC), Mars Hill (MFS), General range: A transcontinental species in Canada Mount Desert (PROC), Orono (MFS), Raymond but limited to an east-central distribution in the (UVM), Reed Plantation (CNC). USA. Northeast to New Brunswick, in Québec north to the Saguenay and Abitibi, in Ontario Pterostichus luctuosus (Dejean) (Plate 41) north to Lake Simcoe and Gravenhurst, in Habitat: Marshes, marshy shores of lakes, slow Manitoba north to Lake Winnipeg, in British rivers, and streams. Columbia north to Liard River Hot Springs, west Flight dynamics: Fully winged, in light trap records. to Oliver and Penticton, in eastern Washington, as Biology: Teneral adults have been observed from well as south to Colorado, Nebraska, Minnesota, early May to late September, and hibernation Illinois, Ohio, West Virginia, and the mountains occurs in the adult stage. A typical spring breeder, into Georgia. gravid females may be found from late May to Maine localities (25): Acton (CNC), Athens (RENC), mid-June. Auburn (CNC), Bar Harbor (CNC, PROC), General range: A nearly transcontinental species in Belgrade (RENC), Benton (RENC), Brighton southern Canada and northern USA. Northeast Plantation (RENC), China (RENC), Corinna to southwestern Newfoundland, in Québec north (RENC), Fairfield (RENC), Lewiston (MFS), to Anticosti, Lac St. Jean and Lac Mistassini, Litchfield (CNC), Milo (CNC), Monmouth in Ontario north to Nipigon, in Alberta north (CNC), Mount Desert (PROC, UVM), Mount to Ft. McMurray, in British Columbia west to Vernon(MFS,RENC),Newfield(RPWC), Vancouver Island, south to eastern Washington, Newport (RENC), Orono )(MFS), Orono (MFS), Idaho, Nebraska, Iowa, Illinois, Ohio, West Princeton (UNH), Sidney (PVT), Waterville Virginia, Virginia, and Maryland. 9RENC), Wayne (CNC), Whitefield (RENC), Maine localities (47): Acton (CNC), Albany Town- Wilton (CNC). ship (RENC), Alfred (RENC), Appleton (CNC), Athens (RENC), Bar Harbor (UVM), Baring Pterostichus diligendus Chaudoir (Plate 40) Plantation (CNC), Batchelders Grant Township Habitat: Deciduous forest under logs or stones, (RENC), Belgrade (RENC), Benton (RENC), especially in humid areas near streams or alder Blanchard Township (RENC), Camden (CNC), swamps. Cape Elizabeth (PVT), China (RENC), Clinton Flight dynamics: Vestigially winged. (RENC), Corinna (RENC), Durham (RPWC), Biology: Breeds in fall, female broods the eggs, Fairfield (RENC), Hartland (RENC), Jefferson under moss of logs and stones; the species over- (RENC), Lebanon (CNC), Lewiston (MFS), winters as both larvae and mature adults. Litchfield (CNC), Madrid Township (CNC), General range: An eastern species. Northeast to MountDesert(PROC,UVM),MountVernon central Maine, in Québec at Knowlton and (MFS, RENC), New Portland (RENC), Newport Lake Memphremagog, in New York north to (RENC), Norridgewock (RENC), Orrington the Adirondack Mountains and Rochester, north (RENC), Reed Plantation (CNC), Scarborough 504 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014

(RENC), Searsport (UNH), Sidney (PVT), Township (CNC), T11 R10 WELS (MFS), T12 Southwest Harbor (PROC), T1 R9 WELS R15WELS(MFS),T2R4WELS(CNC)m (RENC), T4 R10 WELS (CNC), T8 R5 WELS T4 R10 WELS (CNC), T9 R5 WELS (MFS), (CNC), Township 6 North of Weld (RENC), Tremont (RENC), Warren (MFS), Washburn Troy (RENC), Vienna (RENC), Waterford (RENC), Waterville (PVT, RENC), West Forks (CNC), Waterville (RENC), Whitefield Plantation (CNC). (RENC), Whiting (CNC), Winslow (RENC), Winthrop (CNC). Pterostichus mutus (Say) (Plate 41) Habitat: Common forest-edge species, flourishes Pterostichus melanarius (Illiger) (Plate 41) in suburban gardens, small patches of forests Habitat: Abundant in cultivated land and other dis- andhedgerows,alsoinpastures,gravelpits, turbed sites, pastures, gardens, and forest edges. thin woods, or along forest trails. Flight dynamics: Wings dimorphic. In Europe, Flight dynamics: Fully winged, no flight records, predominantly vestigially winged but in New but specimens from the top of Mt. Washington England mostly fully winged; many light trap suggest flight capability. records. This flight capability undoubtedly has Biology: A typical spring breeder, gravid females assisted in its rapid spread in North America. appear in May, teneral adults emerge from Biology: Mating and egg-laying occur in August April into October; hibernation takes place in and September, larvae overwinter as third the adult stage. instars, teneral adults emerge in spring and General range: A northeastern and north- summer; adults also overwinter. Larvae often central North American species. Northeast are turned up when cultivating garden soil. to Newfoundland, in Québec north to Lac Adults and larvae have been observed feeding St. Jean, Abitibi and Mistassini, in Ontario on earthworms in summer, but adults have north to Sudbury, in Manitoba north to also been reported to damage strawberries. Winnipeg, west to Montana, Colorado and General range: An Old World species adventive in New Mexico, south to Nebraska, Iowa, Illinois, the New World. In the Old World, in the British West Virginia, and North Carolina. Isolated Isles, Scandinavia, south to northern Spain, populations in central British Columbia and southern Italy, Bulgaria, the Caucasus, east to on Vancouver Island are thought to be human Lake Baikal. Introduced into Nova Scotia before introductions. 1926. Northeast to Newfoundland, in Québec Maine localities (36): Albany Township (CNC), north to Anticosti and Abitibi, in Ontario north Anson (CNC), Arrowsic (RENC), Auburn to Thunder Bay, in Manitoba north to Selkirk, (RENC), Augusta (RENC), Belgrade (RENC), in Saskatchewan and Alberta; in southwest Buckfield (RENC), Camden (CNC), Caratunk British Columbia (separate introduction before (RENC), Carrabassett Valley (CNC, PVT), 1927 at Oliver, BC), Vancouver Island, and on the Chain of Ponds Township (CNC), Columbia west coast from Washington to California, south Falls (CNC, RENC), East Millinocket (CNC), to Idaho, Montana, Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Eustis (CNC), Fairfield (RENC), Fryeburg and New York. In northern Vermont by 1950, (RPWC), Gouldsboro (PROC), Hanover southern Vermont by 1958, and Connecticut (UVM), Isle Au Haut (MCZ), Islesboro (PVT), by 1972. Lewiston (MCZ), Mount Vernon (MFS, RENC), Maine localities (47): Albion (RENC), Anson Naples (CNC), Oakland (RENC), Phippsburg (CNC), Ashland (MFS), Auburn (MFS), Bangor (RENC), Reed Plantation (CNC), Sanford (MFS), Belgrade (RENC), Big Moose Township (CNC), T1 R9 WELS (RENC), T3 R10 (CNC), Brewer (MFS), Brownville (CNC), WELS (RENC), Topsham (RENC), Turner Brunswick (MFS), Camden (CNC), Carrabassett (RENC), Upton (CNC), Waterville (RENC), Valley (CNC), Chain of Ponds Township Wells (RENC), West Forks Plantation (CNC), (CNC), Corinna (RENC), Edmunds Township Woolwich (MFS). (CNC), Eustis (CNC), Fairfield (PVT, RENC), Fort Kent (CNC), Garland (RENC), Gorham Pterostichus patruelis (Dejean) (Plate 41) (PVT), Gray (PVT), Lewiston (MFS), Madrid Habitat: Emergent vegetation in all sorts of marshes, Township (CNC), Milbridge (MFS, RENC), fens, and bogs, particularly common in beaver Moro Plantation (CNC), Islesboro (PVT), Mount ponds and lodges. Katahdin Township (RENC), Mount Vernon Flight dynamics: Wings dimorphic; multiple light (MFS), New Sharon (RENC), Norridgewock trap records, and recorded from both mountain (RENC), Orono (MFS), Portage Lake (MFS), tops and lake drift. Readfield (MFS), Reed Plantation (CNC), Biology: Teneral adults appear from August to Sabattus (RENC), Sidney (PVT, RENC), Squapan mid-November. THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 505

General range: A northern transcontinental spe- (PVT, RENC), Casco (PVT), Cornish (CNC), cies. Northeast to Labrador and Newfoundland, Edmunds Township (CNC), Fairfield (RENC), in Québec north to James Bay, in Ontario north Gilead (CNC), Islesboro (PVT), Jackman to Cochrane and Longlac, in Alberta north (CNC), Lebanon (UNH), Lee (RPWC), Lewiston to Edmonton, in British Columbia north to (MFS), Lyman (CNC), Milbridge (MFS), Liard River Hot Springs, in Alaska west Moscow (RENC), Mount Desert (UVM), Mount to Anchorage and Kenai Peninsula, south to Katahdin Township (MFS, RENC), Mount Montana, Kansas, Missouri, Illinois, Ohio, Vernon (MFS), Naples (CNC), Nashville Plan- West Virginia, and Virginia. tation (MFS), Nesourdnahunk Township (CNC), Maine localities (35): Alfred (RENC), Appleton Oakland (RENC), Owls Head (PVT), Oxbow (RPWC), Athens (RENC), Bar Harbor (PROC), Plantation (MFS), Oxford (CNC), Phippsburg Baring Plantation (CNC), Batchelders Grant (RENC), Salem Township (RENC), Sidney Township (RENC, UVM), Belgrade (PVT, RENC), (RENC), Skowhegan (RENC), Steuben (RENC), Cape Elizabeth (PVT, RENC), Carrabassett Sweden (CNC), T10 R3 WELS (MFS), T11 R7 Valley (PVT, RENC), Chain of Ponds Town- WELS (MFS), T11 R8 WELS (MFS), T14 R6 ship (CNC), Corinna (RENC), Fairfield WELS (MFS), T14 R7 WELS (MFS), T2 (RENC), Georgetown (MFS, UVM), Hartland R4 WELS (CNC), T3 R8 WELS (RENC), T8 (RENC), Jefferson (RENC), Kibby Town- R8 WELS (MFS), T9 R5 WELS (MFS), T9 R7 ship (MFS), Lewiston (MFS), Mount Desert WELS (MFS), Washburn (RENC), Washington (UVM), Mount Katahdin Township (PVT), (RENC), Waterville (RENC), Winslow (RENC), Newport (RENC), Northeast Carry Township Winthrop (CNC), Woolwich (MFS), York (RPWC), Oakfield (RPWC), Oakland (RENC), (PVT, RENC). Phippsburg (RENC), Rumford (CNC), Sanford (RPWC), Scarborough (PVT, RENC), Sidney Pterostichus pinguedineus (Eschscholtz) (Plate 41) (RENC), T1 R9 WELS (RENC), T2 R9 Habitat: In the Arctic tundra on till or other well- WELS (RENC), T4 R10 WELS (CNC), Troy drained substrates under stones, or under leaves (RENC), Waterford (CNC), Wayne (CNC), at river banks at northern edge of forests. In Woodland (UNH). New England, mostly at or above the treeline (1,200 m), collected at 750 m in a deep, cold Pterostichus pensylvanicus LeConte (Plate 41) rock crevice. Habitat: Deciduous or mixed forest in leaf litter, Flight dynamics: Vestigially winged. in contrast to P. adstrictus which is mainly in Biology: Gravid females appear in June and July, logs and leaf litter in more conifer-dominated larvae from June into September, teneral adults environments. appear mostly in August and September, but Flight dynamics: Wings vary in size, making the there is one record from early June. species functionally dimorphic. General range: A northern Holarctic species. From Biology: A typical spring breeder, with hibernation Ural Mountains of Siberia east to the tundra in the adult stage. Teneral adults appear from of the Mackenzie Delta in the northern Yukon April into June and again in mid-September to Territory, including islands of the Bering Sea, mid-November; eggs are laid in soil, in contrast the Aleutians, and Kodiak Island, in Alaska to P.adstrictus which lays its eggs in logs; larvae south of Valdez and Kenai Peninsula, absent live in the leaf litter. from central and eastern Arctic, but relict popu- General range: A nearly transcontinental northern lations are found in high mountains of Gaspé, species, but not reaching West Coast. Northeast Adirondacks, Green Mountains of Vermont, to Newfoundland, in Québec north to Tadoussac, the White Mountains of New Hampshire, and Chicoutimi, and Lac Mistassini, in Ontario north Mt. Katahdin in Maine. to Lake Timagami, Longlac, and Lake Nipigon, Maine locality (1): Mt. Katahdin Township (CNC). in Saskatchewan north to Saskatoon, in the Northwest Territories to Ft. Smith, in British Columbia west only to the Coast Range at Pterostichus praetermissus (Chaudoir) (Plate 41) Vernon, south to South Dakota, Illinois, Indiana, Habitat: Wet ground, in wet meadows and marshes Ohio, West Virginia, and Virginia. or along low-gradient streams, generally on fine- Maine localities (58): Allagash (MFS), Anson grained substrates with at least some organic (RENC), Augusta (MFS), Bar Harbor (CNC, component. In the Northeast, usually in leaf litter MFS, PROC), Batchelders Grant Township and sphagnum in forested bogs (northern white (RENC), Beddington (MFS), Belgrade cedar), red maple swamps, or on margin of open (RENC), Bethel (CNC), Bridgton (MFS), white cedar bogs. Can be frequent in leaf litter Byron (CNC), Camden (CNC), Cape Elizabeth on vernal pond margins in these habitats. 506 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014

Flight dynamics: Fully winged, but flight has not Maine localities (29): Anson (RENC), Augusta been observed. (MFS), Bar Harbor (PROC, UVM), Batchelders Biology: Overwinters as adult; breeding takes Grant Township (MFS, UVM), Belgrade place in the spring. (RENC), Bridgton (MFS), Buckfield (RENC), General range: Southern Ontario and Québec and Carrying Place Township (MFS), Fairfield adjacent USA. (RENC), Grafton Township (CNC), Kibby Maine localities (4): Hiram (CNC), Lebanon Township (MFS), Lee (RPWC), Lewiston (CNC), Lyman (CNC), Sanford (CNC, RPWC). (MFS), Mount Desert (PROC), Mount Vernon (MFS), Nesourdnahunk Township (CNC), Pterostichus punctatissimus Randall (Plate 41) Oxbow Plantation (MFS), Parsonsfield (RPWC), Habitat: Coniferous and mixed forests, under logs, Readfield (UNH), Sidney (RENC), South stones, moss mats and within moss-covered Berwick (PVT), T18 ED BPP (MFS), T3 R8 rotten logs. Also in cold bogs at lower eleva- WELS (MFS), T4 R10 WELS (CNC), T8 R5 tions. The only North American member of the WELS (MFS), Waterford (CNC), Waterville subgenus not restricted exclusively to tundra (RENC), Wells (PVT), York (PVT). environments. Flight dynamics: Vestigially winged. Pterostichus stygicus (Say) (Plate 42) Biology: Mating occurs in June into August; most Habitat: Deciduous forests, forest edges, under overwinter as third instars, but some overwinter logs, stones, or bark. In higher or cooler areas, as adults; pupation takes place in May to July, sometimes in gardens and pastures. Compared and teneral adults emerge from July into to the related P. coracinus, it is less strictly a September. Emits defensive secretion with odor forest species. of mocha-chocolate. Flight dynamics: Vestigially winged. General range: A northeastern and north-central Biology: Serological evidence indicates preda- North American species. Northeast to Labrador tion on gypsy moth caterpillars. Teneral adults and Newfoundland, in Québec north to Ungava appear in late July. Hibernation likely takes Bay, in Ontario and Manitoba north to Hudson place in both the larval and adult stages. Bay, in Northwest Territories north to Aklavik, General range: An eastern and central North west to Watson Lake, Yukon, south to Edmonton, American species. Northeast to central Maine, Alberta, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Lake in Québec north to Montmorency County, in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Minnesota, northern Ontario north to Toronto and Belleville, west Michigan, in Ontario south to Lake Superior, to Michigan and Wisconsin, northwest to in Québec south to Montreal and Québec Minnesota, southwest to Iowa, Kansas, and City, south to New Brunswick and Nova Missouri, south to Louisiana, Mississippi, Scotia. Relict populations in high mountains Georgia, and South Carolina. and plateaus of northern New York, Vermont, Maine localities (22): Acton (RPWC), Anson New Hampshire, Maine, and Massachusetts, (RENC), Athens (RENC), Augusta (MFS), Bar as well as the higher mountains of southern Harbor (MFS, PROC), Buckfield (RENC), Québec. Camden (CNC), Fairfield (PVT, RENC), Maine localities (7): Avon (PVT), Frenchtown Town- Garland (RENC), Lewiston (MFS), Long Pond ship (CNC), Kibby Township (MFS), Spencer Township (CNC), Monmouth (UNH), Moscow Bay Township (MFS), T14 R6 WELS (MFS), (RENC), Mount Desert (PROC, UNH), Moscow T6 R11 WELS (UVM), T7 R15 WELS (MFS). (RENC), Mount Desert (PROC, UNH), Naples (CNC), Orono (UNH), Orrington (MFS), Sandy Pterostichus rostratus (Newman) (Plate 42) River Plantation (CNC), Sanford (CNC), T3 R8 Habitat: Deciduous, mixed forest in and under WELS (RENC), Waterford (CNC), Waterville logs, often fairly deeply if the surface is dry; (RENC). also under leaf litter. Flight dynamics: Vestigially winged. Biology: Breeds in late spring and summer, teneral Pterostichus tenuis (Casey) (Plate 42) adults appear in late summer, overwinter as Habitat: Often in sphagnum but not confined to new adults. bogs or fens, also in patches of sphagnum in General range: An Appalachian species. North- wet forest areas or above treeline, although also east to New Brunswick, in Québec north to found in wet or marshy areas totally lacking Montmorency County and Sorel, in Ontario sphagnum. west to Toronto, southwest to Pennsylvania, Flight dynamics: Fully winged, in light trap records. West Virginia, down the Appalachians to the Biology: Adults congregate to hibernate. Hibernation Carolinas, Tennessee, and Georgia. in the adult stage; typical spring breeder, with THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 507

gravid females appearing from spring into early Flight dynamics: Wings full, frequent flier, makes summer. spring dispersal flights. General range: An eastern and central North Biology: Strongly diurnal, has been observed American species. Northeast to Newfoundland, feeding on cereal grains in Europe. in Québec north to Mistassini, north to Manitoba General range: Widespread Palearctic species, and Saskatchewan, northwest to Ft. McMurray adventive in North America. Found throughout in Alberta, southwest to Colorado, absent from Europe except for the extreme north, south US Great Plains, but south to Minnesota, to North Africa, the Caucasus, Turkmenistan, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, West Virginia, Afghanistan, and the Himalaya, east to Lake and Virginia. Baikal region. Adventive in North America, Maine localities (7): Acton (CNC), Appleton in New England by 1828. Northeast to (RPWC), Kibby Township (MFS), Sanford Newfoundland, in Québec northeast to the (RPWC), T8 R5 WELS (CNC), Tremont North Shore and Abitibi, west to Minnesota, (UVM), Whiting (CNC). Missouri, Oklahoma, south to Arkansas, Mississippi, and South Carolina. Isolated on Pterostichus tristis (Dejean) (Plate 42) West Coast from California north to Washington. Habitat: In deciduous forest often with P.adoxus Maine localities (7): Augusta (UNH), Bangor but usually found under logs while P. adoxus is (MFS), Lebanon (UNH), Lincoln (CNC), Mount found in logs, though this discrimination based Vernon (MFS), Orono (MFS), Unity (MFS). on microhabitat may not always be absolute. Flight dynamics: Vestigially winged. Amara aeneopolita Casey (Plate 5) Biology: Teneral adults appear in late May, and Habitat: Open dry grassland on firm soil, within also in July and late August; hibernation in the northern coniferous forest region. both the larval and adult stages. Flight dynamics: At least some specimens are General range: An eastern and central species. fully winged; Lindroth recorded specimens in Northeast to Nova Scotia, in Québec north to drift in Newfoundland. Saguenay, Gaspé and Mt. Tremblant, north Biology: Diurnal, adults generally more common to southern Ontario and Michigan, northwest in early summer. to Wisconsin, west to Illinois, south to Tennessee, General range: From Newfoundland to the North- Georgia, and North Carolina. west Territories of Canada, south to Iowa, Maine localities (40): Alfred (RENC), Auburn Michigan, New York, and New England. (RPWC), Augusta (MFS), Bar Harbor (MFS), Maine localities (2): Codyville Plantation (RPWC), Batchelders Grant Township (MFS, UVM), Lincoln Plantation (RPWC). Bigelow Township (UVM), Bridgton (MFS), Caratunk (CNC), Carrabassett Valley Amara alpina Paykull (Plate 5) (PVT), Edmunds Township (CNC), Fryeburg Habitat: Usually found under flat stones on alpine (RPWC), Islesboro (PVT), Kibby Town- tundra or well-drained substrates in lowland ship (MFS), Lebanon (UNH), Lee (RPWC), tundra settings. Monhegan Island Plantation (UVM), Moro Flight dynamics: Wings dimorphic, no flight Plantation (CNC), Mount Desert (UVM), observations. Naples (CNC), Nesourdnahunk Township Biology: Unknown; at least in northern part of (CNC), Newry (UVM), Oxbow Plantation range, this species must overwinter in both (MFS), Oxford (CNC), Parsonsfield (MFS, larval and adult stages since multiple years are RPWC), Phippsburg (MFS, RENC), Saint required to complete a life cycle. Croix Township (MFS), Sweden (MFS), T11 General range: A circumpolar, far northern spe- R7 WELS (MFS), T14 R7 WELS (MFS), cies. In the Eastern Hemisphere, northern T16R4WELS(MFS),T2R4WELS(CNC), Scotland, far northern Scandinavia, northern T4 R10 WELS (CNC), T5 R18 WELS Russia, Siberia, Novaya Zemlya Island, and (RPWC), T6 R11 WELS (UVM), T8 R8 the Kuril Islands to Bering Strait. In North WELS (MFS), T9 R5 WELS (MFS), Trout America, in Newfoundland only on the north- Brook Township (UNH), West Forks Plan- ern peninsula, in Labrador, to the northern tip, tation (CNC), Winthrop (CNC), York (PVT). in northern Canada and Alaska apparently reaching the ocean at all points, in the Arctic Tribe Zabrini Islands north to Devon Island (northernmost Genus Amara record for any species of ground beetle), west in Alaska to St. Lawrence Island, St. Matthew Amara aenea DeGeer (Plate 5) Island and the Pribilof Islands; many Alaska Habitat: Grasslands, pastures, gardens, and croplands. records are either coastal or montane, but this 508 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014

is likely a reflection of collecting rather than Maine localities (1): Monmouth (UNH). occurrence. South on the coast to Prince Rupert, British Columbia, south in the Rockies Amara apricaria (Paykull) (Plate 6) to New Mexico, but not in the Sierra Nevada Habitat: In pastures, gardens, and dry open areas; or Cascades; in the east, not south of the in western wheat fields. coastal tundra except relict populations in the Flight dynamics: Wings full, common at light mountains of New York, New Hampshire, traps, a frequent flier. Maine and on the Gaspé Peninsula of Québec. Biology: Overwinters both as larva and adult Maine localities (1): Mt. Katahdin Township and has been observed eating inflorescences (CNC, RENC). of grasses. General range: Either a naturally circumpolar Amara angustata (Say) (Plate 6) species or an early introduction from the Old Habitat: In tall grasses. World. Most of Eurasia, in Europe south to Flight dynamics: Fully winged. southern Spain and Greece, in Asia, south to Biology: Sometimes climbs grass stalks in order Armenia and Kashmir, east to Mongolia and to feed on flowers. Until recently two other the Amur and Lena Rivers. In North America, species, Amara angustatoides Hieke and Newfoundland and Labrador west to Québec Amara flebilis (Casey) were included within north to Schaefferville and Inoucdjouac, and this species; ecological differences of these northwest to the Northwest Territories and are still unknown. Yukon, in British Columbia, west to Quesnel General range: Eastern North America, Northeast and Osoyoos (but not in the humid coastal to Maine and Montreal, west through Manitoba belt), in the USA south to Oregon, Colorado, to eastern British Columbia, south to Colorado, Kansas, Alabama, and Georgia. Arkansas, Alabama, and South Carolina. Maine localities (11): Allagash (UNH), Bar Harbor Maine localities (6): Bar Harbor (PROC), Cutler (PROC), Dennistown Plantation (UNH), Enfield (CNC), Fairfield (RENC), Hancock (CNC), (MFS), Lewiston (MFS), Mount Vernon (MFS), Mount Desert (PROC), Waterville (RENC). Southwest Harbor (PROC), T16 R5 WELS (MFS), T17 R4 WELS (UNH), T3 R11 WELS Amara angustatoides Hieke (Plate 6) (MFS), Topsfield (MFS). Habitat: In tall grasses. (see note under Biology for A. angustata). Amara aulica (Panzer) (Plate 6) Flight dynamics: Fully winged. Habitat: Rich meadows with tall vegetation, also in Biology: Sometimes climbs grass stalks in order to corn and potato fields. feed on flowers. Until recently, this species and Flight dynamics: Fully winged, flight observed in A. flebilis were included within A. angustata; Europe . ecological differences of these are still unknown. Biology: Feeds largely on seeds, commonly General range: An eastern species. Northeast to grasses or composites, also larvae infesting New Brunswick, north in Québec to Montreal, seeds, climbs the vegetation at night to feed. in Ontario north to Toronto; west to Minnesota Breeding period in autumn, teneral adults and Iowa, south to Ohio and Maryland. emerge in early summer. Maine localities (6): Cumberland (PVT), East General range: An adventive species. In Europe, Machias (PVT), Lewiston (PVT), Old Orchard north to Scandinavia and Russia, in the British Beach (PVT), Paris (PVT), South Bristol (PVT). Isles and the Faroes south to the mountains of northern Spain, central Italy, Greece, and Amara anthobia Villa and Villa (Plate 6) the Caucasus; in Asia, in the mountains of Habitat: Sandy ground with sparse vegetation, central Asia and widespread in Siberia, east often on cultivated soil. to the Transbaikal region. In North America, Flight dynamics: Fully winged, found in seashore first recorded during 1929 in Cape Breton, Nova drift indicating flight. Scotia; known now to range from Newfoundland Biology: Unknown. west to the north shore to the St. Lawrence Valley General range: A Palaearctic species, adventive in of Québec, and west to Montreal. In the USA, North America. In Europe, it ranges from the only in New Hampshire and Maine (region Mediterranean north to England, Denmark, around Portsmouth, New Hampshire). southern Sweden, east to southern and Maine localities (1): Brunswick (RENC). Armenia. In North America, found on the west coast from Washington to California, in the Amara avida (Say) (Plate 6) east from Maryland and Virginia, with an iso- Habitat: Dry weedy ground of roadsides and pas- lated record from Maine. tures, most common in sandy areas. THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 509

Flight dynamics: Fully winged, multiple flight Biology: Teneral individuals reported in Alberta observations. and Manitoba in August by Lindroth (1968); Biology: Teneral adults have been observed emerg- undoubtedly overwinters as an adult. ing from May into September. General range: A widespread species in the inte- General range: Eastern North America. North- rior plains but also some eastern records. east to Newfoundland, in Québec north to Northeastern limit in Nova Scotia, in Québec Lac St. Jean and Abitibi, in Ontario north northeast to Lac St. Jean, in Ontario north to Thunder Bay, in Saskatchewan, west to to Timagami and Thunder Bay, in Alberta Creston, British Columbia; south into Montana, north to Fort McMurray, west to inland British Kansas, Missouri, Indiana, and Virginia. Columbia, but not reaching the coast. In the Maine localities (5): Bar Harbor (CNC), Eustis USA, west to Idaho and Utah, south to New (CNC), Garfield Plantation. (MFS), Southwest Mexico, Colorado, Nebraska, Illinois, Ohio, Harbor (PROC), Washington (RENC). and Maryland. Maine localities (1): Ogunquit (CNC). Amara bifrons (Gyllenhal) (Plate 6) Habitat: Dry open sand areas including cultivated Amara crassispina LeConte (state record only fields. from Bousquet (2010)) Flight dynamics: Fully winged, a good flier, often Habitat: On open ground with discontinuous coming to lights. vegetation – fields, grasslands, etc. Biology: Nocturnal; hides by day under leaf Flight dynamics: Fully winged, occasionally found rosettes, reproduces in the fall. in wind-drift material. Not known to be attracted General range: Old World species, adventive in to lights. North America. In Europe, from the British Isles Biology: Overwinter as adults, which may be and southern Scandinavia, south to Portugal and encountered year-round. central Italy, east to Bulgaria and Caucasus; in General range: East of the Rockies, generally Asia, south to Armenia, Kyrgyzstan, east to Lake only in the USA from Colorado south to Baikal. Oldest North American record is from Texas, east to Florida, north to New York Nova Scotia in 1929, Northeast to Newfoundland and New Hampshire, though not recorded and Labrador, in Québec north to Poste-de-la- from Vermont. Bellechasse County, south to New Brusnwick Maine localities: No specific Maine localities known. and extreme northern Maine and New Hampshire. Maine localities (10): Allagash (UNH), East Millinocket (CNC), Eustis (UNH), Lincoln Amara cupreolata Putzeys (Plate 7) (CNC), T16 R5 WELS (UVM), T17 R4 WELS Habitat: Dry, sparsely vegetated areas such as (UNH), Cross Lake Township (UNH), T9 gravel pits, rock ledges, lawns and gardens, R5 WELS (MFS), Topsfield (MFS), Waterville and wheat fields. In New England, on alpine (RENC). tundra. Flight dynamics: Hind wings present but propor- tionately small; Lindroth thought it unlikely to Amara chalcea Dejean (Plate 6) be capable of flight. No flight observations. Habitat: Open sandy areas under debris and among Biology: Diurnal, at least in part. Taken on golden- grass clumps. rod, teneral adults found in April; often seeks Flight dynamics: Fully winged, no flight records. shelter under basal rosettes of plants. Biology: In Vermont, a teneral individual was General range: A wide-ranging species, nearly observed on 8 July. transcontinental in the north. Northeast to General range: North to southern Maine, New Newfoundland, in Québec north to Lac St. Jean, Hampshire, Vermont, New York, southern in Ontario north to Ottawa, Saskatchewan, Ontario, Michigan, Wisconsin, west to Colorado, Northwest Territories down the Mackenzie south to Texas and Georgia. River to Norman Wells, scarcely reaching Maine localities (1): Fryeburg (RPWC). beyond the Rocky Mountains. In the west, in British Columbia west to Trail, south into Amara convexa LeConte (Plate 6) Montana, Utah, Colorado, Arkansas, Alabama, Habitat: Grasslands on sand or gravel, roadsides, and Georgia. abandoned fields and sand and gravel pits; pri- Maine localities (10): Bar Harbor (PROC), Fryeburg marily a prairie species with an eastern exten- (RPWC), Kibby Township (MFS), Shapleigh sion into the Canadian Maritimes. (RPWC), Squapan Township (CNC), T11 R8 Flight dynamics: Fully winged, recorded from lake WELS (MFS), T14 R6 WELS (MFS), T9 R3 drift (indirect evidence for flight). WELS (MFS), Washburn (RENC). 510 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014

Amara erratica (Duftschmid) (Plate 7) General range: In the Northeast to Nova Scotia Habitat: Dry grassy areas, usually in boreal forest and New Brunswick, north to Montreal area, areas and on the tundra. Québec, west to Manitoba, North Dakota, south- Flight dynamics: Fully winged, no flight records. west to Arizona, south to Illinois and Virginia. Biology: In Europe, egg-laying occurs in the Maine localities (4): Cutler (PVT), Hancock (PVT), spring, larvae appear in summer; both larvae Paris (PVT), Wales (PVT). and adults enter hibernation in the fall. General range: Circumpolar northern species. In Amara gibba (LeConte) (Plate 7) Europe, in the far north of Scandinavia and Habitat: Open, sandy ground, sand pits. northern Russia, across Siberia to the Pacific Flight dynamics: Wings dimorphic, fully winged form Ocean and Bering Strait, isolated in the Alps has been taken in seashore drift; brachypterous and Caucasus. In North America, found east forms are known, particularly in the West. to Newfoundland and Labrador, apparently Biology: Lindroth reported teneral specimens from all of northern Québec, in the Northwest Kodiak Island (Alaska) during August. Territories north to Aklavik, west to Alaska, General range: Transcontinental, mainly northern. BritishColumbia,southinthemountainsto Northeast to Labrador, in Québec north to California and Colorado, in eastern Canada south Great Whale River, in Alberta north to Jasper, to Lac St. Jean and Abitibi, New Brunswick, in Northwest Territories north to Yellowknife, isolated in eastern Mountains of northern New in British Columbia west to Hope; in the USA, England and the Gaspé. south in the mountains to California and Colorado, Maine localities (3): Carrabassett Valley (CNC), south to South Dakota, New Jersey, and Long Magalloway Plantation (RPWC), Paris (MFS). Island, New York. Maine localities (1): Fryeburg (RPWC). Amara familiaris (Duftschmid) (Plate 7) Habitat: Open weedy ground, meadows, waste- Amara impuncticollis (Say) (Plate 7) land, sometimes on sand dunes. Habitat: Unknown. Amara turbata Casey, Amara Flight dynamics: Wings full, many flight records otiosa Casey, and Amara ovata (F.) were from Europe, frequently found in drift material recently separated from A. impuncticollis. on seashores. Neither A. turbata nor A. ovata have yet been Biology: Active in the spring. The adults feed on reported from Maine but very likely will be seeds; the species has been observed feeding found in the state. At present, their habitats in the panicles of bluegrass, Poa L. (Poaceae). cannot be differentiated. General range: An Old World species, now adven- Flight dynamics: At least some individuals assigned tive in the New World. In Europe, north to to this species in the past are fully winged and Scandinavia, west to Great Britain and Ireland, likely capable of flight. south to North Africa, Greece, southern Russia Biology: Unknown to Kazakhstan and northern Mongolia, east General range: North to Québec and Ontario, to the Pacific. Probably multiple introduc- west to Michigan and Wisconsin, southwest to tions to North America; the oldest records Missouri, Kansas, Oklahoma and Texas, south are from Boston, Massachusetts (1918) and through Mexico to at least Costa Rica. Vancouver, British Columbia (1919). In North Maine localities (9): Caratunk (RENC), Carrabassett America, found on both coasts, Nnortheast to Valley (CNC), Columbia Falls (RENC), Fairfield Newfoundland, in Québec north to Abitibi, (RENC),LangTownship(MFS),T3R8 west to Illinois, Missouri, south to Tennessee WELS (MFS), Tremont (RENC), Wales (PVT), and South Carolina; in the west from Alaska Waterville (RENC). to California, with a few scattered records in between from Montana and Alberta. Probably Amara laevipennis Kirby (Plate 7) still spreading. Habitat: On open, dry, sandy areas, often on till or Maine localities (8): New Sharon (RENC), Newry outwash, not above the treeline; also on dry, (UNH), Oxbow Plantation (MFS), Paris (MFS), grassy ledges and in sand and gravel pits. Portage Lake (MFS), South Berwick (CNC), Flight dynamics: Fully winged; Lindroth reported T15 R5 WELS (MFS), Waterville (RENC). five specimens taken in a rotary trap in Alaska. Biology: Teneral adults seen in August; probably Amara flebilis (Casey) (Plate 7) overwinters as adult. Habitat: In New Brunswick, adults were found General range: A northern transcontinental spe- under drift material on a sea beach. cies. Northeast to Newfoundland, in Québec Biology: In New Brunswick, adults were active north to Schefferville, Ft. George, in the North- in early June. west Territories to Ft. Smith in the extreme THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 511

south; in Alaska, only south of the Alaska Vernon (MFS), Saint Francis (CNC), T15 R10 Range, including the Kenai Peninsula; in British WELS (MFS), T4 R10 WELS (CNC). Columbia, apparently throughout except for Vancouver Island and the Queen Charlotte Amara lunicollis Schiødte (Plate 8) Islands, south to Washington, Idaho, Montana, Habitat: On dry ground, meadows, grassland, mountains of Colorado, Minnesota, and northern arable land, moss on rock ledges. Michigan; in Québec south to Montreal; south Flight dynamics: Fully winged, no flight observations. of there isolated in mountains of the eastern Biology: Predominantly diurnal, mating occurs in townships, western Massachusetts, Vermont, late July; in Europe, overwinters as adult. New Hampshire, Maine, New Brunswick, Nova General range: Circumpolar in the forested Scotia, and Prince Edward Island. north; in the Old World, from British Isles Maine localities (5): Albany Township (CNC), and Scandinavia south to northern Spain, Italy, Alfred (RPWC), Carrabassett Valley (CNC), Bulgaria, Armenia, Kyrgyzstan, and Mongolia; Fryeburg (CNC, RPWC), Moro Plantation east to the Pacific and Bering Strait. In North (CNC). America, Northeast to Newfoundland and extreme southern Labrador, in Québec north Amara latior (Kirby) (Plate 7) to Abitibi, in Ontario north to Sioux Lookout, Habitat: Open sandy areas, sometimes found in in the Northwest Territories north to Norman leaf rosettes in gravel pits. Wells, in the Yukon north to Dawson, west Flight dynamics: Wings full, a regular flier, com- to Alaska to Fairbanks and Kenai Peninsula, monly coming to lights; specimens from the in British Columbia, not reaching the coast; summit area of Mt. Washington, New Hampshire in USA, not in the western states, but east of were probably strays. the Rockies, south to Minnesota, New York, Biology: Normal hibernation as late-instar larva, Pennsylvania, and New England. occasionally as adults; teneral adults normally Maine localities (3): Bar Harbor (UVM), Unity emerge in late spring. Frequent at lights in (PVT), Winthrop (MFS). New Brunswick. General range: A transcontinental species. North- Amara musculis (Say) (Plate 8) east to Newfoundland (though doubtfully Habitat: Waste ground, sand and gravel pits, under established there), in Québec north to Abitibi, plant rosettes in lawns and gardens. in northwestern Ontario, north to Sioux Lookout; Flight dynamics: Wings full, abundant at light in Alberta north to Fort McMurray, west in traps, a frequent flier. British Columbia to Vancouver Island, in all Biology: Sometimes common on goldenrod flowers. of the western mountains; east of the Rockies, General range: Transcontinental. Northeast to south to Nebraska, Iowa, Kentucky, Pennsylvania, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, in Québec, and New York. north to Québec City and Abitibi, in Manitoba Maine localities (4): Bethel (CNC), Mount Vernon north to Lake Winnipeg, in Alberta, north to (MFS), Skowhegan (MFS), Steuben (MFS). Edmonton, in British Columbia, in the south- ern dry areas of the interior only, south into Amara littoralis Dejean (Plate 7) Washington, Oregon, California, as well as Habitat: Open, moderately dry ground with more Arizona, New Mexico, Kansas, Oklahoma, or less discontinuous weedy cover. Probably Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida (apparently favored by human disturbance. unknown from Texas or Louisiana). Flight dynamics: Wings full. Maine localities (5): Allagash (UNH), Skowhegan Biology: Teneral adults seen from April and Sep- (PVT), Waterford (CNC), Waterville (PVT), tember, gravid female observed in mid-June. Wilton (CNC). Generalrange:Virtually all of North America north of Mexico. Northeast to Newfoundland, Amara neoscotica Casey (state record only from in Québec north to Lake Mistassini, in Ontario Bousquet (2010, 2012)) north to Moose Factory, in the Northwest Ter- Habitat: Dry, well-drained, gravelly or sandy sub- ritories, the entire Mackenzie River Valley to strates, open ground, such as in abandoned Reindeer Depot, in Alaska known only from fields and vacant lots. the south coast, west in British Columbia to Flight dynamics: Fully winged, but flight has not the Queen Charlotte Islands, south to California, been observed. Texas, and Georgia. Biology: Unknown. Maine localities (7): Bar Harbor (CNC, PROC), General range: Unclear since the species was long Fryeburg (CNC), Lewiston (MFS), Mount synonymized with A. cupreolata by Lindroth 512 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014

(1954) and Bousquet and Larochelle (1993); west in British Columbia to Vancouver Island, Bousquet (2010) lists its range in the North- south to Washington, Idaho, Nebraska, Tennessee, east as including Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Virginia. Québec, Maine, and Vermont. Maine localities (4): Bethel (CNC), Caratunk Maine localities: No specific Maine localities (RENC), Magalloway Plantation. (RPWC), known. Waterville (RENC).

Amara obesa (Say) (Plate 8) Amara patruelis Dejean (Plate 8) Habitat: Dry, open ground with sparse vegetation, Habitat: Open, dry ground including gardens, in open fields and gardens fallow fields, and tundra. Flight dynamics: Wings dimorphic, apparently Flight dynamics: Fully winged, diurnal flight no flight observations, but records from Mt. observed in spring. Washington are evidence for occasional flight. Biology: Teneral adults in July, diurnal, commonly Biology: Gravid females appear in late June, teneral seen crossing sidewalks in late spring. In New adults mostly will be found in late June and Brunswick, observed in March on bare soil July, but a few may emerge in the fall. Feeds when deep snow cover still present nearby. largely on grasshopper egg masses. General range: Transcontinental species, also in General range: Transcontinental species. Wide- eastern Siberia. Northeast to Newfoundland, in spread species but absent from the southeast- Québec north to Lake Mistassini, in Ontario ern coastal states. Northeast to Newfoundland, north to Hudson Bay, in the Northwest Terri- in Québec, north to Chicoutimi and Lake tories down the Mackenzie River to Reindeer Mistassini, in Ontario, north to Nipigon, north Depot, in Alaska, north to Umiat on the Colville to Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, in the North- River, on the western coast from Nome to west Territories to Ft. Simpson, northwest to Skagway, but not in the Aleutians; in British Yukon, in British Columbia west to Vancouver, Columbia, west only to the east side of south to Arizona, New Mexico, Oklahoma, the coast range, south to California, Utah, Tennessee, and South Carolina. Colorado, South Dakota, Iowa, Kentucky, and Maine localities (4): Caratunk (RENC), Islesboro New Jersey. (PVT), Mount Vernon (MFS), Norridgewock Maine localities (5): Carrabassett Valley (CNC), (RENC). Milbridge (MFS), Moro Plantation (CNC), Presque Isle (UVM), Winslow (PVT). Amara otiosa Casey (Plate 8) Habitat: Cultivated fields, orchards, and alpine Amara quenseli (Schönherr) (Plate 8) and subalpine areas. Habitat: Sandy areas, including beaches and Flight dynamics: Unknown at present; see dunes, on sandy till and fields. A. impuncticollis. Flight dynamics: Wings polymorphic, no flight Biology: Unknown at present; see A. impuncticollis. records. General range: Northeast to Newfoundland, in Biology: Nocturnal, hides in sand and plant Québec north to Temiscamingue, in Ontario north rosettes in the day. In Europe, has been to Ottawa, Rainy River, west to Minnesota, observed eating seeds of the grasses Polygonum, Missouri,andTexas,southtoNorthCarolina Galium,andThymus. Teneral adults emerge and Pennsylvania. in late May and June, also in August. Likely Maine localities (5): Carrabassett Valley (PVT), overwinters as an adult, at least in part. Monmouth (PVT), Mount Katahdin Township General range: Circumpolar species. In the Old (PVT), Mount Vernon (PVT), Wilton (PVT). World, northern, found in Scandinavia, Iceland, Scottish highlands, northern Russia, northern Amara pallipes Kirby (Plate 8) Siberia, also in the mountains farther south Habitat: Among grasses, waste ground, gravel pits, (Pyrenees, Alps, , Carpathians, or meadows, borders of beaver ponds. Bulgarian Mountains, Caucasus, Urals, Tian Flight dynamics: Fully winged, no flight records. Shan). In North America, east to Newfoundland, Biology: Has been observed feeding on various to northern Labrador, in Québec to Ungava grass inflorescences, including timothy (Phleum Bay, in Manitoba north to Hudson Bay, in pratense L.; Poaceae). the Northwest Territories north to Norman General range: A northern transcontinental spe- Wells, in Alaska to Fairbanks and Ramparts cies. Northeast to Cape Breton Island, Nova in the interior, north to near Umiat but not on Scotia, in Québec north to Grandes Bergeronnes the Arctic coast; on the Bering Sea coast from and Lac St. Jean, in Manitoba, north to The Pas, Nome southward, also on Kodiak, Aleutian, and in the Northwest Territories north to Ft. Smith, the Pribilof Islands, south in the Mountains to THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 513

California and New Mexico, south to Oklahoma, Biology: Found from April through October, egg- Missouri, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey. laying takes place from late June to mid-August; Maine localities (9): Bar Harbor (MFS, PROC), Teneral adults appear late June to August; over- Codyville Plantation. (RPWC), Columbia Falls winters at least in part as adults. Feeds on eggs (CNC), Fryeburg (RPWC), Kibby Township of Lepidoptera. (MFS), Millinocket (CNC), Mount Desert General range: Holarctic; from Newfoundland (PROC), Ogunquit (RENC), Princeton (MFS). and Labrador west to the Yukon Territory andAlaskainNorthAmerica,southinthe Amara rubrica Haldeman (Plate 8) mountains to Colorado and New Hampshire. Habitat: Gravel pits and gardens, less restricted to Maine localities (1): Seboomook Plantation sandy areas than A. musculis. (location of specimen unknown; identified Flight dynamics: Fully winged, common at light by Stuart Frost); there is no map in the plates traps, a frequent flier. since we have been unable to locate the actual Biology: At least partly diurnal, found on goldenrod specimen. flowers. General range: An eastern species. Northeast to Tribe Oodini Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, in Québec Genus Oodes north to Québec City, in southern Ontario north to Bobcaygeon, west to South Dakota, and Kansas, Iowa, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Maryland. Also Oodes amaroides Dejean (Plate 37) south in the mountains to North Carolina. Habitat: In emergent grasses along ponds and Maine localities (5): Baldwin (CNC), Mount under dead leaves on wet mud; in southern Vernon (MFS), Waterford (CNC), Weld (CNC), Ontario, the species is rather common beneath Wilton (CNC). tall cattails in marshes. Flight dynamics: Fully winged, no flight records, Amara sinuosa (Casey) (Plate 8) but caught in drift material, e.g., on Lake Erie. Habitat: According to Lindroth (1968), “… open, Biology: Unknown. dry, sandy or gravelly ground, usually moraine General range: An eastern and central North [till], with sparse and low vegetation… On American species. Northeast to Maine, in coastal tundra in N Newfoundland.”; also found southeastern New Hampshire, Massachusetts, among leaves on old gravel forest roads in young and Connecticut, southern New York north regenerating forest areas. to Rochester, in Ontario (Point Pelee), west to Flight dynamics: Wings full, probably capable of Michigan and Wisconsin, southwest to Illinois, flight. south through Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas to Biology: Teneral adults appear from mid-June to the Gulf Coast, thence eastward to Florida. early July. Maine localities (2): Acton (CNC), Lyman (RENC). General range: Transcontinental and northern. North- east to Newfoundland and southern Labrador, Oodes fluvialis LeConte (Plate 37) in Québec, north to Schefferville, in Ontario, Habitat: Along muddy shores, in and near flood- north to Cochrane, in the Northwest Territo- plain forests, in emergent mats of grasses or ries, north to Yellowknife, in Yukon, north to sedges and mosses. Dawson; in Alaska only on the south coast, Flight dynamics: Fully winged, no flight records. west to British Columbia and Vancouver Biology: An amphibious species, swims well, Island; south to Colorado, Nebraska, northern hides under water using end of abdomen above Illinois and Indiana; in Ontario south to Parry water surface to breathe. Sound, in Québec south to Rigaud, isolated on General range: An eastern and central North Mt. Washington, New Hampshire. American species. Northeast to Maine, in Maine localities (3): East Millinocket (CNC), T3 Québec north to Lanoraie near Sorel, in R8 WELS (RENC), T4 R10 WELS (CNC). Ontario north to Ottawa and Gravenhurst, Michigan, Wisconsin, northwest to Duluth Amara torrida (Panzer) (record from Dearborn and Traverse Lake, Minnesota, west to Iowa, and Donahue (1983)) Missouri, south to the Sabine River, Louisiana, Habitat: Open, dry ground with moderately dense eastwards along the Gulf Coast to the southern but primarily herbaceous vegetation and grasses, tip of Florida. but sometimes shaded by low shrubs. Maine localities (8): Acton (CNC), Albany Town- Flight dynamics: Fully winged, capable of flight; ship (CNC), Belgrade (RENC), Brighton Planta- frequently found in wind-drift material but not tion (RENC), Monmouth (CNC), Mount Vernon known to be attracted to lights. (MFS), New Sharon (RENC), Troy (RENC). 514 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014

Genus Lachnocrepis to Ottawa, and Collingwood on Georgian Bay, in Manitoba north to Lake Winnipeg, west Lachnocrepis parallela (Say) (Plate 33) to North Dakota, Missouri, Arkansas, Illinois, Habitat: On floating mats of water plants and Ohio, West Virginia, and Virginia. emergent sedges, grasses, and cattails. Maine localities (7): Anson (CNC), Cornish (CNC, Flight dynamics: Fully winged, in light trap records. RPWC), Mercer (RENC), New Sharon (PVT, Biology: Teneral adults appear in early June and RENC), Norridgewock (RENC), Orono (MCZ), late August. An amphibious species, this has Skowhegan (RENC). been observed to remain underwater for up to 20 minutes. It breathes air by protruding the Chlaenius emarginatus Say (Plate 23) end of the abdomen above the water surface Habitat: Moist areas in deciduous forests includ- while the rest of the body remains submerged. ing floodplains and moist meadows near for- General range: An eastern and central species. ests, under stones or logs. Northeast to New Brunswick, in Québec east Flight dynamics: Fully winged, in light trap records. to Orford Lake, to Québec City and Montreal, in Biology: Teneral adults appear from late July through Ontario north to Ottawa, northwest to Winnipeg, late October; long, scissor-like mandibles adapt it Manitoba, west to the Dakotas, Nebraska, and for large, soft prey such as caterpillars. It has Missouri, south to Alabama and Florida. been recorded eating gypsy moth caterpillars. Maine localities (11): Acton (CNC), Albany General range: An eastern and central North Township (CNC), Auburn (CNC), Belgrade American species. Northeast to New Brunswick, (RENC), Brighton Plantation (RENC), China in Québec along the St. Lawrence to Québec (RENC), Monmouth (CNC), New Vineyard City, north to St. Jerome and Hull, in Ontario (RENC), Smithfield (RENC), Troy (RENC), northwest to Rainy River, west to Minnesota, Winslow (RENC). South Dakota, Kansas, and Oklahoma, south to Texas and the Gulf of Mexico, down the Tribe Panagaeini Florida Peninsula to Lake Worth. Genus Panagaeus Maine localities (2): Fryeburg (RPWC), Skowhegan (PVT). Panagaeus fasciatus Say (Plate 37) Habitat: Sandy areas, northern specimens are Chlaenius impunctifrons Say (Plate 23) either from shore drift or light traps. Habitat: Flood plain forests on wet soil usually Flight dynamics: Fully winged, a strong flier, light near water and river margins, also along the trap records. borders of marshes; has been taken from float- Biology: Unknown. ing mats of sphagnum in a bog pool at 915 m General range: An eastern and central North elevation on Mt. Mansfield, Vermont. American species. Northeast to southern Maine, Flight dynamics: Fully winged, no flight records. otherwise known north to Connecticut and New Biology: Gravid females appear from mid-June to York, in Ontario only in the drift on the Great late July, teneral adults emerge in mid-August. Lakes, Michigan west to Iowa, Kansas, Oklahoma, General range: An eastern and central North south to Texas, the Gulf Coast, and Florida. American species. Northeast to New Brunswick Maine locality (1): Portland (PVT). in Québec along the St. Lawrence River to northeast of Québec City, in Ontario north to Tribe Chlaeniini Ottawa and Sioux Lookout, in Manitoba north Genus Chlaenius to Lake Winnipeg, west to Minnesota, South Dakota, Wyoming, Colorado, southwest to Chlaenius cordicollis Kirby (Plate 23) Texas, south to Louisiana, Alabama, south in Habitat: In coarse gravel, occasionally among Florida to Lake Okeechobee. cobbles and in areas with small boulders adja- Maine localities (15): Augusta (RENC), Fairfield cent to large rivers and lakes; readily flushed (RENC), Farmington (PVT), Fryeburg (RPWC), by splashing, usually in unshaded spots. Gilead (RENC), Kennebunk (MFS), Lewiston Flight dynamics: Fully winged, light trap records (MFS), Mechanic Falls (RENC), Mount Vernon and flight observations. (PVT), Norway (MCZ), Paris (MCZ), Scarborough Biology: Has been observed to escape by diving (RENC), Waterboro (RPWC, RENC), Waterford beneath the water’s surface. Hibernates as adult. (RENC), Waterville (RENC). Adults active at night and easily found then. General range: A northeastern species. Northeast Chlaenius laticollis Say (Plate 23) to New Brunswick, in Québec on big rivers Habitat: In seasonally flooded forests, taken at the and lakes to Québec City, in Ontario north landward border of a salt marsh in Maine. THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 515

Flight dynamics: Fully winged, no flight obser- Chlaenius pensylvanicus pensylvanicus Say vations. (Plate 23) Biology: Unknown. Habitat: Common on muddy margins of ponds, General Range: An eastern-southern species. pools, very slow streams, marshes, and fens, Northeast to southern coastal Maine, and only usually close to standing water rather then flow- near the coast in the New England states; ing water; along rivers, it lives along oxbows inland populations extend north to New York, and isolated pools, beaver ponds are a character- Pennsylvania, Ohio, southern Michigan, Illinois, istic habitat. It occurs by pools on the highest Missouri, Kansas, Colorado, and Arizona; south mountains of Vermont. to the Gulf Coast and Florida. Flight dynamics: Fully winged, in light trap records. Maine locality (1): Phippsburg (RENC, MFS, UVM). Biology: Gravid females appear from May to mid- June, teneral adults emerge from mid-July to early September. It has been observed climbing Chlaenius lithophilus Say (Plate 23) trees up to two meters. Adults are nocturnal. Habitat: Under cover on wet mud at borders of General range: A transcontinental species. North- ponds and slow streams, including cattail marshes. east to Newfoundland, in Québec north to Lac Flight dynamics: Fully winged, in light trap records. St. Jean and Abitibi, in Ontario north to Sudbury Biology: Gravid females appear in late May, and Michipicoten River, in the southern prairie teneral adults emerge around mid-August. provinces north to the 51st parallel, in British General range: A nearly transcontinental species, Columbia, west to Kamloops and Vancouver not reaching the Pacific Coast. Northeast to Island, in Washington and Oregon west to the Newfoundland, in Québec north to Lac St. Jean coast range, south to Idaho, Colorado, Kansas, and Abitibi, in Ontario north to Ogoki and central Arkansas, south to the Gulf Coast from Nipigon, in Manitoba north to Lake Winnipeg, Mississippi eastward, including the entire in the Northwest Territories, north to Port Florida Peninsula. Another subspecies, Chlaenius Smith, in eastern British Columbia, west to pensylvanicus blanditus Casey, is found in Utah, Ft. St. John, Golden and Creston, west to Arizona, New Mexico and Texas. eastern Washington, Utah, southwestern Maine localities (29): Bancroft (CNC), Bar Harbor Colorado, and New Mexico, south to Texas, (UVM), Bethel (MCZ), Bigelow Township Arkansas, reaching the Gulf of Mexico at (UVM), Brighton Plantation (RENC), Brunswick Mobile, Alabama; also in northern Georgia (MFS), Chain of Ponds Township (CNC), China and North Carolina. (RENC), Eustis (CNC), Fort Kent (UVM), Maine localities (12): Athens (RENC), Auburn Garfield Plantation (MFS), Grand Isle (CNC), (CNC), China (RENC), Fairfield (RENC), Grand Houlton (UNH), Islesboro (PVT), Lebanon Isle (CNC), Lewiston (MFS), Sidney (PVT, (UNH), Lewiston (MFS), Mercer (RENC), RENC), Squapan Township (CNC), T11 R12 Monmouth (MCZ), Mount Vernon (MFS, RENC), WELS (MFS), T18 ED BPP (PVT), Vassalboro Naples (CNC), Norridgewock (RENC), Oakfield (PVT), Waterville (RENC). (RPWC), Sidney (RENC), Cross Lake Township (MFS), T9 R18 WELS (UNH), Waterboro Chlaenius niger Randall (Plate 23) (RENC), Waterville (RENC), Winthrop (MCZ). Habitat: Among dense emergent vegetation in marshes, in the early spring on the land border- Chlaenius sericeus sericeus (Förster) (Plate 24) ing summer habitats. Habitat: Usually found near water on shores of Flight dynamics: Fully winged, in light trap records. lakes, ponds, rivers, and larger, slower brooks, Biology: Teneral adults in early August, a good under stones and among vegetation; common natural swimmer, probably semi-amphibious. in bottomland forests and even by isolated pools General range: A northern and eastern species. and puddles. In wet weather, it can be found Northeast to Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, in roadside ditches, fields, and pastures. Has Newfoundland, and Labrador, in Québec been taken in beaver lodges and amid the roots north to Lac St. Jean and Abitibi, in Ontario of goldenrod. north to Long Lac, in Manitoba north to Lake Flight dynamics: Fully winged, frequent at light Winnipeg, in the Northwest Territories north traps. Adults are nocturnal. to Ft. Smith, in British Columbia west to Biology: Gravid females appear from mid-June to Okanogan, west to eastern Washington, south early August, teneral adults emerge from early to Montana, Wyoming, Kansas, Arkansas, August to mid-November. Like other Chlaenius, Texas, and the Gulf Coast east to Florida, it emits a strong odor resembling creosote when down the Florida Peninsula to Miami. handled. It has been observed climbing trees up Maine locality (1): Belgrade (PVT). to two meters above ground. 516 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014

Generalrange:Atranscontinental species, but Dakota and Colorado where it is present in not occurring in the Southwest; two other sub- the eastern foothills of the Rockies, southwest species (Chlaenius sericeus regularis LeConte to Austin, Texas, south to the Gulf of Mexico and Chlaenius sericeus sierricola Casey) are to Louisiana and eastward but not in the Florida found in California, Arizona, and northern Peninsula. Mexico. Northeast to Newfoundland, in Québec Maine localities (6): Fryeburg (RPWC), Litchfield north to Lac St. Jean and Abitibi, in Ontario (PVT), Mechanic Falls (RENC), New Gloucester north to Hudson Bay, in the prairie provinces (PVT), Paris (UCD), Phippsburg (RENC). only in the extreme south; north to Lethbridge, Alberta, in British Columbia in the Okanogan Chlaenius tricolor tricolor Dejean (Plate 24) Valley, in eastern Washington and Oregon Habitat: Floodplain forests and usually near flow- south to northern California, Nevada, northern ing waters, often under driftwood and stones Arizona, New Mexico and central Texas, south along shores; in wet weather, can be some dis- to the Gulf of Mexico from Louisiana to Florida, tance from shores, sometimes in fields, pastures, including the entire peninsula. and gardens; at all elevations; has been taken on Maine localities (56): Abbot (RENC), Auburn the summit of Mt. Washington, New Hampshire. (CNC), Batchelders Grant Township (UVM), Flight dynamics: Fully winged, in light trap records. Berwick (CNC), Bethel (MCZ), Bigelow Town- Biology: Gravid females appear in early June, ship (UVM)(, Bridgton (MFS), Buckfield teneral adults emerge from mid-July to mid- (RENC), Caratunk (RENC), Carrabassett Valley August; has been observed climbing trees and (RENC), Clinton (RENC), East Millinocket in beaver lodges. (CNC), Elliotsville Township (MFS), Embden General range: An eastern and central North (RPWC), Fairfield (PVT, RENC), Fryeburg American species. Northeast to Newfoundland, (CNC, RPWC), Harrington (UVM), Jim Pond in Québec north to Kamouraska and Charlevoix Township (RENC), Lebanon (CNC), Lewiston Counties, north of Montreal to Nominingue and (MFS), Litchfield (CNC), Madrid Township Fort Coulonge, in Ontario north to Collingwood (CNC), Matinicus Isle Plantation (MFS), on Georgian Bay, northwest to Saskatchewan, Meddybemps (MFS), Mercer (RENC), Monmouth west to Montana and Colorado, south to Texas (CNC), Montville (RENC), Mount Vernon (MFS, (near Brownsville on the Mexican border), RENC), Nesourdnahunk Township (CNC), New Louisiana, Alabama, and Georgia. The sub- Gloucester (PVT), New Sharon (RENC), Norway species Chlaenius tricolor vigilans Say is (MCZ), Orono (MFS), Oxbow Plantation foundintheRockyMountainportionsof (MFS), Palmyra (RENC), Pittsfield (RENC), Alberta and British Columbia, south to Readfield (CNC), Reed Plantation (CNC), Washington, Utah, and Nevada, as well as Sabattus (RENC), Saco (MCZ), Sanford Arizona and California. (CNC), Sidney (RENC), Skowhegan (RENC), Maine localities (24): Anson (RENC), Bethel South Berwick (MFS), Steuben (UVM), Strong (MCZ), Carrying Place Township (MFS), (RENC), T14 R15 WELS (CNC), T15 R13 East Millinocket (CNC), Embden (RPWC), WELS (CNC), T19 ED BPP (MFS), T2 R9 Fairfield (PVT, RENC), Fryeburg (PVT, WELS (RENC), T4 R10 WELS (CNC), T8 RPWC), Kennebunk (PVT), Lebanon (UNH), R14 WELS (PVT), Vienna (RENC), Waterboro Lewiston (MFS), Manchester (PVT), Mercer (RENC), Waterville (RENC), Whitefield (RENC). (RENC), Mexico (CNC), Mount Vernon (MFS), Norridgewock (RENC), Orono (MCZ,MFS), Chlaenius tomentosus tomentosus (Say) (Plate 24) Pleasant Ridge Plantation (MFS), Sabattus Habitat: A xerophilous species, found in gravel (RENC), Sidney (RENC), TA R7 WELS (MFS), pits, thinly vegetated gravelly slopes in pastures, Troy (RENC), Vassalboro (PVT), Waterville and in cut over areas, sometimes found under (PVT, RENC), Whitefield (RENC). big stones and also drift along lakeshores. Flight dynamics: Fully winged, in light trap records. Supertribe Harpalitae Biology: Gravid females appear in early June. Tribe Licinini General range: An eastern and central North Genus Diplocheila American species. Northeast to Maine, in Québec along the St. Lawrence to Québec City Diplocheila assimilis (LeConte) (Plate 27) area but not recorded from eastern townships, Habitat: Seasonally flooded forests along large north to Nominingue near Mt. Tremblant, in lakes and rivers. Ontario north to the Bruce Peninsula, in the Flight dynamics: Fully winged, no flight records. prairies north to Lake Winnipeg, Manitoba, in Biology: Unknown. It probably eats small snails Alberta north to Medicine Hat, west to North as other members of the genus. THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 517

General range: East to Massachusetts and southern Ball, occurs from Pennsylvania west to Iowa New Hampshire to New Brunswick, north to and south to Tennessee and North Carolina. northwestern Vermont, southwestern Québec, Maine localities (2): Bangor (CNC), Kittery (MFS). northwest to Minnesota, west to South Dakota, south to Iowa, Indiana, Maryland, and New Dicaelus elongatus Bonelli (Plate 27) Jersey, possibly Georgia. Habitat: Fields, gardens, and forest edges. Maine localities (2): Durham (RPWC), Mount Flight dynamics: Vestigially winged. Vernon (RPWC). Biology: Unknown. General range: An east-central species. East to Diplocheila impressicollis (Dejean) (Plate 27) western Maine, north to the Champlain Valley Habitat: Cattail and other types of marshes. of Vermont; in New York, southern Ontario, Flight dynamics: Fully winged, in light trap records. southern Michigan, Iowa, northwest to South Biology: Teneral adults may be found early May Dakota, west to Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, and late August. southwest to Texas, Louisiana, and the Gulf of General range: An eastern and central North Mexico, south in Florida to Miami. American species. East to Maine, in Québec Maine locality (1): Lewiston (MFS). north to Portneuf and St. Jerome, in Ontario north to Ottawa, north to northern Michigan, Dicaelus politus Dejean (Plate 27) Minnesota, and southern Manitoba, west to Habitat: In deciduous forests, under rotten logs North Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, and New and loose bark in humid places. Mexico, south to central Texas, Missouri, Illinois, Flight dynamics: Vestigially winged. Ohio, and Virginia. Biology: Teneral adults in fall to early November. Maine localities (3): Belgrade (RENC), New General range: An east-central species. East to Gloucester (PVT), Troy (RENC). central Maine, in Québec north to latitude of Montreal, in Ontario north to Belleville, north Diplocheila obtusa (LeConte) (Plate 28) to Michigan and Wisconsin, west to Iowa and Habitat: An upland species of dry fields, roadsides, Missouri, south to Tennessee and Mississippi, pastures and dry lawns, has been collected on south in the mountains to Alabama, Georgia, and short grass plains of Colorado. North Carolina, in lowlands south to Maryland. Flight dynamics: Fully winged, in light trap records. Maine localities (6): Alfred (RENC), Auburn Biology: Hibernates as adult. (RPWC), Belgrade (RENC), Leeds (RENC), General range: A transcontinental species. North- Mount Vernon (MFS), Turner (RENC). east to Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, in Québec north to Charlevoix-est and Lake Genus Badister Mistassini, in Ontario to Nipigon, in the Northwest Territories to Ft. Wrigley (beyond Badister grandiceps Casey (Plate 11) 63° N), west to Vernon, British Columbia, and Habitat: Floodplain forests, marshes and fens at eastern Washington , south to Idaho and Montana, water’s edge; adults often among moist leaves. isolated in Colorado and New Mexico, south to Flight dynamics: Fully winged, recorded at lights. Kansas, Arkansas, Illinois, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Biology: Unknown. and New Jersey. General range: Northern transcontinental. North- Maine localities (2): Hancock (CNC), Lewiston east to Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia and (MFS). New Brunswick, in Québec north to Lac St. Jean, in Ontario north to the Ottawa Valley, Genus Dicaelus in Manitoba north to Lake Winnipeg, in Alberta, 161 km north of Edmonton, in Dicaelus dilatatus dilatatus Say (Plate 27) British Columbia north to Vernon and west Habitat: Open fields and along stream margins, to Vancouver Island; in the USA, west to one specimen in a sandy area in Vermont. Washington and Oregon, south to Utah, Flight dynamics: Vestigially winged. Nebraska, Kentucky, and New Jersey. Biology: Like all Licinini, thought to be a snail Maine localities (4): Athens (RENC), Hartland predator. (RENC), Jefferson (RENC), Newport (RENC). General range: An eastern-southern subspecies, east and south of the Appalachians. East Badister micans Leconte (record from Majka to Maine, south to Connecticut, New Jersey, et al.(2011)asBadister ocularis Casey) Virginia, the Carolinas, Georgia, and Florida, (Plate 11) west to Alabama, Mississippi, and Arkansas. Habitat: Shady, wet margins of lakes, ponds, Another subspecies, Dicaelus dilatatus sinuatus marshes and swampy areas with fine-grained 518 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014

or organic substrates; found associated with Badister obtusus LeConte (Plate 11) B. grandiceps in southern Ontario (Lindroth Habitat: In deciduous forests under damp leaves. 1966). Flight dynamics: Fully winged, flight records. Flight dynamics: Fully winged, found in wind- Biology: Unknown. driftmaterialandsometimes attracted to arti- General range: East to New Brunswick, Nova ficial lights. Scotia, and Anticosti Island, north in Québec Biology: Teneral adults appear in late summer or to Abitibi south to Montreal area, in western early fall, adults found from March through Canada north to the Northwest Territories, west October, undoubtedly overwintering at least to Alberta, south in Rockies to New Mexico, in part as adults. in the Great Plains, south to North Dakota, General range: Generally east of the Mississippi Minnesota, northern Michigan, not previously drainage, from Nova Scotia west through Québec known from New England. to Illinois, south to Virginia and Georgia. Maine localities (2): Islesboro (PVT), Waterville Maine localities (1): South Berwick (MFS). (PVT).

Badister neopulchellus Lindroth (Plate 11) Badister transversus Casey (Plate 11) Habitat: Marshes, fens, standing waters, among Habitat: Swamps and marshes with cattails. cattails or sedge tussocks, in wet spots among Flight dynamics: Fully winged, taken at light traps. dense plant growth. Biology: Probable snail feeder. Flight dynamics: Fully winged, frequent flier, abun- General range: An eastern species, in a narrow strip dant in light traps. of territory in the latitude of the Great Lakes. Biology: Feeds on mollusks like other members East to New Brunswick, in Québec, Montreal of the Licinini. area and south, in Ontario north to Ottawa and General range: Transcontinental. Northeast to Thunder Bay, west to the southeastern corner of Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia and New Manitoba and to South Dakota, south to north- Brunswick, in Québec north to Kamouraska, ern Indiana and northern New Jersey and to Hull, in Ontario north to Parry Sound, Maine localities (5): Athens (RENC), Mt. Vernon in Manitoba north to the southern end of Lake (MFS), Newport (RENC), Smithfield (RENC), Manitoba, in the Northwest Territories north to Waterville (RENC). Great Slave Lake, west in British Columbia to Vancouver; in the USA, west to Washington, Tribe Harpalini Oregon, and California, south to Utah, Colorado, Subtribe Anisodactylina Texas, Missouri, and Georgia. Genus Notiobia Maine localities (15): Ashland (UNH), Belgrade (PVT), Bridgton (MFS), Corinna (RENC), Notiobia nitidipennis (LeConte) (state records Durham (RPWC), Eustis (MFS), Fairfield only from Bousquet and Larochelle (1993) (RENC), Gardiner (UNH), Lebanon (UNH), and Bousquet (2010)) Lewiston (MFS), Mount Vernon (MFS), Newport Habitat: Moist sandy or gravelly soils in open (RENC), Tim Pond Township (MFS), Topsfield deciduous forests or grassy meadows. (MFS), Winslow (PVT). Flight dynamics: Fully winged; often found in lake- shore wind-drift materials, commonly attracted Badister notatus Haldeman (Plate 11) to artificial lights at night. Habitat: Largely an open grassland species; pas- Biology: Teneral adults generally appear as early tures, gardens, and in leaf litter on floodplains as mid-June, but generally in late summer in Virginia. through the fall; overwinter as adults. Egg- Flight dynamics: Wings dimorphic, fully winged laying seasonality unknown but probably occurs form rare, flight not recorded. in spring to early summer. Biology: Probably feeds on mollusks. General range: In the East, from Florida west to General range: An eastern species. East to Texas, north to Wisconsin and Michigan, and southwestern New Brunswick, southern New east to Québec and southwestern Maine. Hampshire, southern and western Vermont, Maine localities: No specific Maine localities in Québec near Montreal, in Ontario north to known. Ottawa, northwest to Michigan and Minnesota, west to South Dakota, Kansas, and Texas, south Notiobia terminata (Say) (Plate 36) to Mississippi and Georgia. Habitat: Dry, open, sandy ground with sparse Maine localities (3): Lewiston (MFS), Salem vegetation, gravel pits, cultivated land, and Township (UNH), Waterville (RENC). disturbed weedy grounds in general. THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 519

Flight dynamics: Fully winged, a frequent flier, York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Michigan, north to common at light traps. Mackinac, southwestern Ontario near Windsor Biology: Teneral adults appear in mid-June to early and Fort Erie, (an isolated record at Montreal, July, mating takes place in August. Largely Québec), northwest to Minnesota, west to a plant-feeder, favors ripe seeds but will eat Nebraska, Kansas, south to Iowa, Alabama, immature seeds or grass blades; recorded from and South Carolina. bluegrass, milo, and seeds of fireweed. Maine localities (1): Wells (PVT). General range: An eastern and central North American species, found southwards into Anisodactylus discoideus Dejean (Plate 9) Central America. Northeast to Nova Scotia Habitat: Along medium to large rivers or lakes on and New Brunswick, in Québec north to south deposits of sand or sandy mud. side of Gaspé and to Abitibi, in Ontario north Flight dynamics: Fully winged, an occasional flier, to Sudbury and Michipicoten River, in Michigan caught at light traps. north to Lake Superior, west to the Dakotas, and Biology: Commonly found under driftwood, Nebraska, Oklahoma, Texas, and southeastern sometimes numerous in crevices and river Arizona, south to the Gulf of Mexico including deposits. A burrower. Sometimes partly diurnal, the Florida Peninsula, south through Mexico, eggs laid from early June to late July. Guatemala, Costa Rica, and extreme western Generalrange:Aneastern species. East to New Panama. Brunswick, in Québec in the St. Lawrence Maine localities (9): Albany Township (CNC), Valley north to Mt. Tremblant (village), in Brunswick (MFS), Eustis (MFS), Fryeburg Ontario north to Ottawa and Bayfield on Lake (CNC), Mount Vernon (MFS), Steuben Huron, in Manitoba north to Winnipeg and (UVM), T3 R11 WELS (MFS), Turner (RENC), west to southern Saskatchewan and Nebraska, Waterville (RENC). south to Missouri, Kentucky, and Georgia. Maine localities (6): Auburn (CNC), Mt. Vernon Genus Xestonotus (MFS), Norridgewock (RENC), Sidney (PVT, RENC), Washington (RENC), Waterville Xestonotus lugubris (Dejean) (Plate 46) (RENC). Habitat: In open forests and forest edges, on waste ground or roadsides. Anisodactylus harrisii LeConte (Plate 9) Flight dynamics: Fully winged, in light trap records. Habitat: Most specimens caught near lakes, rivers, Biology: Teneral adults appear in April to mid- brooks, or ponds (including marshy pools in May and again from mid-August to Septem- abandoned gravel pits), but also on moist to ber, gravid females may be encountered from wet ground in gardens and mountain pastures. late May to mid-June; has been taken in a Flight dynamics: Fully winged, has been taken in beaver lodge. light traps. General range: An east-central species. North- Biology: Gravid females appear in early May to east to Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, in mid-June, teneral adults from 1 April through Québec north to Port-au-Saumon, Mont mid-June, also early August to early November. Laurier, and Ft. Coulonge, in Ontario north This species has been observed eating grass seeds. to Nipigon, north to Michigan, Minnesota, General range: Transcontinental species. Northeast west to South Dakota, Iowa, Missouri, and to Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, in Québec Arkansas, south to Illinois, Ohio, West Virginia, north to Abitibi, in Ontario north to Parry and North Carolina. Sound, north to Winnipeg, Manitoba, Prince Maine localities (5): Bethel (UVM), Fairfield Albert, Saskatchewan and to Red Deer, Alberta; (RENC), Mount Vernon (MFS), Waterville in British Columbia, west to Vancouver City, (RENC), Wyman Township (UVM). Puget Sound in Washington, south to Utah, Colorado, Iowa, Illinois, Ohio, and Maryland Genus Anisodactylus with a narrow extension down the Appalachians to southern Tennessee and North Carolina. Anisodactylus agricola (Say) (Plate 9) Isolated records from western Oregon, south- Habitat: Deciduous forests, leaf litter. ern California, southern Arizona, and central Flight dynamics: Fully winged, though small. No Mississippi. flight records. Maine localities (25): Arrowsic (RENC), Athens Biology: Unknown. (RENC), Auburn (CNC), Bar Harbor (UVM), General range: An eastern species. Northeast Bethel (PVT), Carrabassett Valley (CNC), Clinton to southern Maine (Wells), coast of New (RENC), East Millinocket (CNC), Fairfield Hampshire and Massachusetts, southern New (RENC), Fryeburg (RPWC), Lewiston (MFS), 520 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014

Monhegan Island Plantation (PVT), Monmouth Flight dynamics: At least some specimens fully (PVT), Mount Vernon (MFS), New Sharon winged, taken at lights. (RENC), Norridgewock (RENC), Orono (PVT), Biology: Teneral appear in mid-April to 30 July Sabattus (RENC), Sidney (RENC), T2 R9 WELS and in the fall until 19 October. Gravid females (RENC), Waterville (PVT, RENC), Wells (PVT), have been documented in early July. Winslow (RENC). General range: An east-central species. North- east to Maine, in Québec to Trois Riviere, in Anisodactylus kirbyi Lindroth (Plate 9) Ontario north to Ottawa and southern Manitoba, Habitat: In wet habitats near ponds and marshes. in central Minnesota, west to Nebraska, Colorado Can be treaded from marsh plants, especially and Arizona, south to Alabama and Florida. common in lakeside forests of Lake Champlain. Maine localities (14): Albany Township (CNC), Flight dynamics: Fully winged, no flight records. Augusta (RENC), Belgrade (RENC), Columbia Biology: Beetles trampled from marshes dive to Falls (CNC, RENC), Fairfield (RENC), escape; a strong swimmer; swimming speci- Fryeburg (RPWC), Hiram (CNC), Lewiston mens collected in rivers. Gravid females appear (MFS), Mechanic Falls (RENC), Moscow from May to mid-June. (PVT), Shapleigh (RPWC), Washington General range: Disjunct east-west range. East to (RENC), Waterville (RENC), York (PVT). the Magdalen Islands and Prince Edward Island in Canada, in Québec north to Lac St. Jean Anisodactylus nigerrimus (Dejean) (Plate 9) and Mt. Tremblant (village), in Ontario north Habitat: Dry uplands, gravel pits, eroded glacial to Sudbury and Thunder Bay; in Manitoba, outwash, sand dunes, and coastal sand areas. northwest to vicinity of Winnipeg, west to Recorded from several high mountains in New Fargo, North Dakota, south to Minnesota, England. central Indiana, southern Pennsylvania, and Flight dynamics: Fully winged, not recorded from New Jersey. In the West, from southern British lights. Columbia west to Vancouver, south to Seattle, Biology: Gravid females occur from early May to Washington and the Willamette Valley of mid-June. Teneral adults appear in both the Oregon, in California in both San Francisco spring and fall. and Los Angeles, in notheastern Idaho, but General range: An east-central species. North- not east of the Rockies. east to Newfoundland (though possibly not Maine localities (21): Athens (RENC), Auburn established), Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, in (PVT, RENC), Belgrade (RENC), Bethel (PVT), Québec along the St. Lawrence to Grandes Bigelow Township (UVM), Cape Elizabeth Bergereones, (nowhere away from the St. (PVT), Clinton (RENC), Durham (RPWC), Lawrence or Ottawa Rivers), in Ontario north- Fryeburg (RPWC), Jefferson (RENC), Litchfield west to Sioux Lookout, isolated records far (CNC), Millinocket (CNC), Monmouth (CNC, beyond this in southwestern Saskatchewan PVT), Mount Katahdin Township (PVT), and southeastern Alberta, west to Minnesota, Ogunquit (CNC), Orono (MFS), Orrington Iowa, eastern Kansas, northwestern Louisiana, (MFS), Paris (PVT), Wales (PVT), Waterville south to Mobile, Alabama, and Beaufort, South (RENC), Wells (PVT). Carolina. Maine localities (18): Bar Harbor (UVM), Berwick Anisodactylus laetus Dejean (Plate 9) (CNC), Boothbay (PVT), Brewer (PVT), Habitat: Unknown. Phippsburg specimen taken Carrabassett Valley (CNC), Fairfield (RENC), beneath driftwood in a backbeach dune area. Hartland (RENC), Kennebunk (MFS), Leeds Flight dynamics: In light trap records. (RENC), Mount Vernon (MFS), Naples Biology: Unknown. (CNC), Newport (PVT), Norridgewock General range: An eastern species. Northeast to (RENC), Paris (PVT), Phippsburg (RENC), southern Maine, north to Ontario, Michigan, T1 R9 WELS (RPWC), T14 R11 WELS west to Minnesota, Kansas, Texas, south to (RPWC), T2 R9 WELS (RENC). Louisiana, Florida, east to the Atlantic. Closest record to Maine is New York City. Maine localities (2): Belgrade (RENC), Phippsburg Anisodactylus nigrita Dejean (Plate 10) (RENC). Habitat: Wet soil. In Vermont, has been taken by small temporary ponds and grassy, marshy Anisodactylus merula (Germar) (Plate 9) shores; sometimes taken by treading, also by Habitat: Dry, sandy ground with sparse vegetation, beaver ponds and lodges. sand pits, pastures, lowbush blueberry fields, Flight dynamics: Fully winged, has been taken at and waste ground. malaise and light traps. THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 521

Biology: Teneral adults appear in both spring Flight dynamics: Fully winged and a frequent flier, and fall. has been taken at light traps; probable stray General range: Transcontinental. Northeast to fliers have been taken on mountain tops. Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, in Québec Biology: Teneral adults appear from June into north to Lac St. Jean and Abitibi, in Ontario to October; the species flies by day in spring. north shore of Lake Superior, in Manitoba north General range: Transcontinental. Northeast to to Lake Winnipeg, in Saskatchewan north to Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, in Québec Prince Albert, in southern Alberta, Lethbridge north to Québec City and Maniwaki, in Ontario and Medicine Hat, in southern British Columbia, north to Cochrane and the north shore of north to Vernon; in Washington, west to Seattle, Lake Superior, west to the extreme south of south to Columbia River, otherwise in the USA Saskatchewan and Alberta, in British Columbia occurs west only to North Dakota, western northwest to Kamloops, but not reaching the Nebraska, and Denver, Colorado; south to coast, south to Oregon, Utah, Colorado, Kansas, Iowa, Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee, western Louisiana, Alabama, and Georgia. North Carolina, and Maryland. Maine localities (34): Abbot (RENC), Albany Maine localities (17): Albany Township (CNC), Township (CNC), Andover (CNC), Anson Auburn (RENC), Bangor (PVT), Bar Harbor (CNC), Auburn (CNC), Bar Harbor (PROC, (UVM), Belgrade (RENC), Bethel (PVT), Clinton UVM), Belgrade (RENC), Carrabassett Valley (RENC), Corinna (RENC), East Millinocket (CNC, RENC), Charleston (RENC), Clinton (CNC), Fairfield (RENC), Litchfield (CNC), (RENC), Columbia Falls (MFS, RENC), Eustis Millinocket (CNC), Monmouth (PVT), Mount (CNC), Fairfield (RENC), Fryeburg (MFS), Vernon (MFS, RENC), Oakfield (RPWC), Saco Garfield Plantation (MFS), Kibby Township (PVT), Waterville (RENC). (MFS), Lebanon (CNC), Litchfield (CNC), Macwahoc Plantation (MFS), Mechanic Falls Anisodactylus rusticus (Say) (Plate 10) (RENC), Millinocket (CNC), Molunkus Town- Habitat: Dry, sandy, gravelly soil, dune sand, ship (MFS), Monmouth (CNC), Mount Vernon frequent in gravel pits, in dry sandy gardens; (MFS), Norridgewock (RENC), Ogunquit has been taken under goldenrod roots and plant (CNC, RENC), Orono (MFS), Sidney (RENC), rosettes. Soper Mountain Township (MFS), Turner Flight dynamics: Fully winged, light trap records, (RENC), Unity (RENC), Waterford (RENC), probably a frequent flier. Waterville (RENC), York (PVT). Biology: Teneral adults appear in both spring and fall. Anisodactylus verticalis (LeConte) (Plate 10) General range: An east-central species. North- Habitat: In floodplain forests, usually in heavily east to Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, in shaded areas along rivers, lakes, and large Québec north to the St. Lawrence River and brooks, often under debris and logs on sandy soils. Mt. Tremblant village, in Ontario north to Flight dynamics: Fully winged, seen flying Ottawa and to Grand Bend on Lake Huron, north to lights. to Winnipeg, Manitoba, west to Yellowstone Park, Biology: Teneral adults emerge from late May Wyoming, as well as Colorado and Arizona, south into September to south-central Texas, Louisiana, and Florida. General range: An eastern species. Northeast to Maine localities (19): Albany Township (CNC), New Brunswick, in Québec, from the Montreal Alfred (RPWC), Augusta (RENC), Bar Harbor area down the St. Lawrence River to Québec (UVM), Bigelow Township (UVM), Columbia City, in Ontario north to Ottawa and Toronto, Falls (CNC), Fryeburg (RPWC), Hiram (CNC), northwest to southern Saskatchewan, west Magalloway Plantation (RPWC), Mechanic Falls to South Dakota and Kansas, southwest to (RENC), Mount Vernon (RENC), Naples (CNC), Oklahoma, south to Arkansas, Kentucky, and Newfield (CNC), Parsonsfield (CNC), Sabattus South Carolina. (RENC), Washington (RENC), Waterville Maine localities (1): Paris (CNC). (RENC), Windsor (RENC), York (RPWC).

Anisodactylus sanctaecrucis (F.) (Plate 10) Genus Geopinus Habitat: A generally hygrophilous species found on shores of rivers and lakes, also found along Geopinus incrassatus (Dejean) (Plate 31) small streams and in wet weather, on disturbed Habitat: In sand or very sandy soil, especially in soil of gardens or elsewhere well-removed from the higher, drier parts of riverside or lakeside water. Adults usually occur under debris, logs, sand banks. and sticks. Flight dynamics: Fully winged, light trap records. 522 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014

Biology: A specialized burrower, spending the Subtribe Stenolophina day deeply buried in sand, runs actively Genus Dicheirotrichus on surface at night, found in the dry parts of sand banks, in contrast to Omophron, Dicheirotrichus cognatus (Gyllenhal) (Plate 27) Dyschirius,andClivina which are usually Habitat: Under cover in dry, open areas; in New found in wet sand. England, on barren summits of mountains or General range: A widespread species not reaching abandoned pastures, sand pits, roadsides, and the Pacific Coast. Northeast to southern Maine, open till areas; also on the seacoast. north to central New Hampshire at Plymouth, Flight dynamics: Fully winged, in light trap records. in Vermont known from the Lake Champlain Biology: Teneral adults appear from July to early Valley; in Québec, along the St. Lawrence August; has been taken at a beaver lodge and River to Berthierville, in Ontario north to in Alberta in a clear-cut forest. Ottawa and Michipicoten River, in Manitoba General range: A Holarctic species. In the Old north to Lake Manitoba, northwest to southern World, from the British Isles to Scandinavia, Alberta, west to Idaho, Nevada, Arizona, northern Russia, and across northern Siberia; south to New Mexico, Texas, Louisiana and isolated in the Alps and Bohemia, Iceland, and Georgia, (not known from Florida). Greenland. In the New World, a transcontinen- Maine locality (1): Phippsburg (RENC). tal species. Northeast to Newfoundland and Labrador, in Québec north to Schefferville Genus Amphasia and Great Whale River, in Ontario north to Nipigon and Ogoki, in Manitoba north to Gillam on the Nelson River, in the Northwest (Say) (Plate 9) Territories north to Norman Wells and Ft. Habitat: In deciduous forests, also in the open Good Hope, in the Yukon north to Rampart near brooks, especially common in towns House on the Porcupine River, in Alaska north where it is often found under large bushes in to Arctic Circle, west nearly to the mouth of summer, probably common among tall weeds the Yukon River, west to Attu in the Aleutian and grasses. Islands, south to Kodiak Island; in British Flight dynamics: Fully winged, flight wings Columbia, west to the Queen Charlotte Islands black; very common at summer light traps, a and Vancouver Island, south to the mountains frequent flier. of California, Arizona, and New Mexico, in Biology: Hibernates as adult. the Black Hills of South Dakota, otherwise General range: An eastern species. Northeast to not south of 49th parallel on the Great Plains; Maine, in Québec, north to Québec City, in in the east, south to Michigan and northern Ontario north to Ottawa and Grand Bend on Indiana, Pennsylvania, New York, and in the Lake Huron, northwest to Minnesota, west mountains of Massachusetts, Vermont, and to South Dakota and Kansas, southwest to New Hampshire; also recorded from the sea- Arkansas, south to Tennessee and Virginia. coast in New Hampshire and Maine. Maine localities (5): Gorham (PVT), Lewiston Maine localities (14): Augusta (UNH), Bar Harbor (MFS), Mt. Vernon (MFS), Pownal (PVT), (PROC,UVM),Calais(MFS),Carrabassett Waterville (RENC). Valley (PVT), Georgetown (UVM), Moro Plan- tation (CNC), Mount Desert (PROC, UVM), Amphasia sericea (Harris) (Plate 9) Mount Katahdin Township (CNC, RENC), Habitat: Sandy areas and waste ground, frequent Saint Francis (UNH), Southwest Harbor among dense grasses and herbs. (PROC), T11 R10 WELS (MFS), T14 R12 Flight dynamics: Fully winged, less common at WELS (MFS), Cross Lake Township (UNH), light traps than A. interstitialis. Washburn (RENC). Biology: Unknown. General range: An eastern species. Northeast to Genus Bradycellus New Brunswick, an isolated record from the Magdalen Islands; in Québec, seemingly con- Bradycellus atrimedeus (Say) (Plate 20) fined to the valley of the St. Lawrence to Port- Habitat: Sandy mud along large and medium-sized au-Saumon, in Ontario north to Marmora, Barrie rivers, lakes, ponds, and swamps. and Grand Bend, west through Minnesota to Flight dynamics: Fully winged, in light trap records. South Dakota, southwest to Kansas and Texas, Biology: Hibernates as adult. south to Louisiana and Florida. General range: A northeastern species. Northeast Maine localities (3): Brunswick (MFS), Kittery to New Brunswick, in Québec along the St. (CNC), Mount Vernon (MFS). Lawrence River to Port-au-Saumon, northeast THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 523

of Québec City, in southern Ontario north of southern Ontario north to the outlet of Lake Toronto, north to Michigan and Wisconsin, west Simcoe, west to Michigan, Wisconsin, south to to South Dakota, Missouri, and Texas, south to Ohio, Pennsylvania and Virginia. Tennessee and North Carolina. Maine locality (1): Winslow (RENC). Maine locality (1): Waterville (RENC). Bradycellus lecontei Csiki (Plate 20) Bradycellus badipennis (Haldeman) (Plate 20) Habitat: Wet spots with emergent grasses or Habitat: Wooded swamps under dead leaves. sedges, at the borders of ponds and bogs. Flight dynamics: Fully winged, diurnal and light Flight dynamics: Fully winged, light trap records. trap records. Biology: Teneral adults appear in August. Biology: Makes (diurnal) spring dispersal flight, General range: A northern transcontinental species. probably from upland overwintering sites; NE to Newfoundland and Labrador, in Québec gravid females appear in early May. north to the North Shore and Lake Mistassini, General range: An eastern species. Northeast to in Ontario north to Hudson Bay, north to Ft. New Brunswick, in Québec northeast to Québec Smith, in the Northwest Territories and Dawson City region and west to Ottawa city region, in the Yukon; in Alaska west to Fairbanks, northwest to Wisconsin, south to Missouri, in the interior of British Columbia, west to Tennessee, and Georgia. Washington and Oregon, south to Idaho, Maine localities (5): Canaan (RENC), Fairfield Montana, Colorado, South Dakota, Minnesota, (RENC), Isle Au Haut (CNC), Mount Vernon northern Illinois, Michigan, southern Ontario, (MFS), Oxbow Plantation (MFS). New York and Massachusetts. Maine localities (8): Bar Harbor (PROC, UVM), Bradycellus congener (LeConte) (Plate 20) Belgrade (RENC), Bigelow Township Habitat: Meadows, vacant land, sand pits, and (UVM), Brighton Plantation (RENC), Eustis borders of highways, generally on dryer fine- (CNC), Jefferson (RENC), Newport (RENC), grained substrates. T1 R13 WELS (UNH). Flight dynamics: Fully winged, a frequent flier; common at light traps. Bradycellus lugubris (LeConte) (Plate 20) Biology: Unknown. Habitat: Deciduous woods under stones, alders, General range: Very widespread in western states or other bushes and in heaps of grass; in and Great Plains, with a narrow eastward New England, commonest in the mountains extension in the latitude of the Great Lakes. but not restricted there. Northeast to Maine, in Québec along the Flight dynamics: Fully winged, in light trap records. St. Lawrence River to the Saguenay and north Biology: Females gravid in early May, hibernates to the Abitibi district, in Ontario north to as adult. Ottawa and Southampton on Lake Huron, General range: Northern and largely an eastern in Manitoba north to Lake Winnipeg, in species. Northeast to Newfoundland, in Québec Saskatchewan north to Saskatoon, in Alberta north to the North Shore and James Bay, in to Edmonton, in British Columbia, northwest Ontario north to Sioux Lookout, in Alberta to the Peace River area, west to Vancouver. north of Edmonton at George Lake, south to In the USA, west to the Pacific Coast, south Minnesota, northern Illinois, Ohio, Pennsylvania, to Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas, east to New York, and Connecticut, south in the moun- the Great Plains only along the northern edge tains through Virginia and West Virginia to of the USA, in Minnesota, Michigan, New Tennessee and North Carolina. York (West Point), and Massachusetts. Maine localities (9): Athens (RENC), Canaan Maine localities (3): Rockwood Strip T1 R1 NBKP (RENC), Carrabassett Valley (PVT), Fairfield (UNH), Rockwood Strip T2 R1 NBKP (UNH), (RENC), Hancock (CNC), Kibby Township Cross Lake Township (UNH). (MFS), Oakland (RENC), Sidney (RENC), Waterville (RENC). Bradycellus kirbyi (Horn) (Plate 20) Habitat: Riverside sedge marshes, beaver ponds, Bradycellus neglectus (LeConte) (Plate 21) marshes, winters in upland localities. Habitat: On dry gravelly or sandy ground, includ- Flight dynamics: Fully winged, in light trap records. ing sand pits, and on mountain ledges and cliffs. Biology: Hibernates as adult. In Vermont ,it seems limited to the mountains. General range: A northeastern species at the lati- Flight dynamics: Fully winged, multiple light trap tude of the Great Lakes. Northeast to New records. Brunswick, in Québec only in the south and Biology: Winter aggregations of this species with southwest, north to Sherbrooke and Joliette, in Bradycellus nigriceps LeConte have been 524 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014

reported; has been taken in beaver lodges; Vancouver Island and the Queen Charlotte teneral adults have been observed in mid- Islands, west in the USA to Washington, Oregon, August, hibernates as an adult. andCalifornia,southinthemountainstoUtah General range: A northern and nearly transconti- and New Mexico, not recorded from the Great nental species. Northeast to Newfoundland, in Plains of the USA; south to Minnesota, Illinois, QuébecnorthtotheNorthShoreandJames Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Bay, in Alberta north to the Edmonton area, Virginia, New York, and Connecticut. northwest to the Peace River region in the Maine localities (31): Athens (RENC), Auburn northeast portion of the province, south to (CNC), Bar Harbor (PROC, UVM), Belgrade Utah (not recorded elsewhere in the western (RENC), Brighton Plantation (RENC), Camden states); east of the Rocky Mountains, south (CNC), Carrabassett Valley (PVT), China (CNC), to South Dakota, northern Illinois and Ohio, Clinton (RENC), Edmunds Township (CNC), New York, and Connecticut. Fairfield (RENC), Grand Isle (CNC), Hancock Maine localities (15): Bar Harbor (PROC, UVM), (CNC), Jefferson (RENC), Kibby Township Belgrade (RENC), Bigelow Township (UVM), (MFS), Lang Township (MFS), Lebanon (UNH), East Millinocket (CNC), Kibby Township Lewiston (MFS), Lily Bay Township (UVM), (MFS), Lang Township (MFS), Milbridge Mount Katahdin Township (PVT, RENC), New (RENC), Moro Plantation (CNC), Mount Canada (MFS), Northeast Carry TOWNSHIP Katahdin Township (RENC), Mount Vernon (RPWC), Orono (MFS), Saint Agatha (MFS), (RPWC), Naples (CNC), Pittston Academy Sidney (RENC), Skowhegan (RENC), T4 Grant (RPWC), Portage Lake (MFS), T15 R10 WELS (CNC), T6 R11 WELS (UVM), R13 WELS (CNC), T4 R10 WELS (CNC). Upton (CNC), West Forks Plantation (CNC), Winslow (RENC). Bradycellus nigriceps LeConte (Plate 21) Habitat: Grassy borders of swamps and streams, Bradycellus rupestris (Say) (Plate 21) except when overwintering in uplands. Habitat: In dry, open situations at all elevations Flight dynamics: Fully winged, frequent light trap including the summit of Mt. Washington in records. New Hampshire; in gardens, on bare soil, among Biology: Makes a spring diurnal dispersal flight to low weeds, roadsides, croplands, pastures, ledges, summer habitat, in winter it hibernates in aggre- quarries, and gravel pits. gations with B. neglectus. Flight dynamics: Fully winged, abundant at light General range: An eastern species. Northeast to traps, a frequent flier. New Brunswick, in Québec north to Québec Biology: Teneral adults appear from August to City, and Mt. Tremblant, northwest to Manitoba, November. Aggregates in winter in forests or west to Minnesota, Iowa, and Arkansas, south sheltered areas. It makes a diurnal spring dis- to Mississippi and South Carolina. persal flight. Maine localities (6): Clinton (RENC), Jim Pond General range: An east-central species. North- Township (RENC), Naples (CNC), Newport east to Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia; in (CNC), Sidney (RENC), T4 R10 WELS (CNC). Québec north to Saguenay and Abitibi, in Ontario north to the Bruce Peninsula, nothest Bradycellus nigrinus (Dejean) (Plate 21) to Minnesota and South Dakota, west to Kansas Habitat: In marshes and marshy borders of streams and Oklahoma, south to Louisiana, Mississippi, with emergent sedges or grasses, especially Alabama, and Florida. abundant in beaver ponds, on borders of sphag- Maine localities (11): Albany Township (CNC), num bogs, and under dead plants in moist spots Augusta (UNH), Fairfield (RENC), Fryeburg in the montane forests. (RPWC), Lewiston (MFS), Mount Vernon Flight dynamics: Fully winged, light trap records (MFS), Naples (CNC), Reed Plantation and observed in diurnal flights. (CNC), Sidney (RENC), T17 R4 WELS (UNH), Biology: Gravid females appear in early July, Waterville (RENC). teneral adults in late August; forms aggregations in upland hibernation sites, moves to summer Bradycellus semipubescens Lindroth (Plate 21) habitat in diurnal spring dispersal flight. Habitat: Marshy areas along beaver ponds, bogs, General range: A northern transcontinental species. and oxbow pools along rivers. Northeast to Newfoundland, in Québec north to Flight dynamics: Fully winged, in light trap records. theNorthShoreandJamesBay,inAlbertaat Biology: Gravid females appear in early June; spe- least north to Edmonton, recorded from Alaska cies makes a diurnal spring dispersal flight. and to be expected from the Northwest Terri- General range: Poorly known. Northeast to New tories and Yukon; in British Columbia, west to Brunswick, in Québec north to the North Shore THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 525

and James Bay, in Ontario north of Ottawa, Gulf of Mexico eastward into Georgia but recorded from Michigan, a distant record from not Florida. Fort McMurray, Alberta, south to New York Maine localities (37): Adamstown Township and Connecticut. (CNC), Allagash (UNH), Anson (CNC), Auburn Maine localities (3): Bangor (CNC), Bethel (CNC), (RENC), Augusta (MFS), Bancroft (CNC), Bar Merrill (MFS). Harbor (PROC), Batchelders Grant Township (RENC), Belgrade (RENC), Carrabassett Valley Bradycellus tantillus Dejean (record from Majka (CNC), Chesuncook Township (UNH), Clinton et al. (2011)) (Plate 21) (RENC), East Millinocket (CNC), Elliotsville Habitat: Open ground with wet, fine-grained soils Township (MFS), Eustis (CNC), Fairfield covered by dense herbaceous vegetation, in (RENC), Fort Kent (UNH), Fryeburg (CNC), marshes and at margins of eutrophic ponds Hancock (CNC), Lewiston (MFS), Lincoln and slow, small streams. (MFS), Marion Township (MFS), Millinocket Flight dynamics: Fully winged; occasionally found (UNH), Monmouth (UNH), Mount Vernon in wind-drift material, but frequently attracted (MFS), Nesourdnahunk Township (CNC), to artificial lights at night. New Sharon (RENC), Norridgewock (RENC), Biology: Teneral adults appear in late summer Princeton (MFS), Sidney (RENC), Strong (July-August); overwinters as adults and may (RENC), Cross Lake Township (MFS), T3 R11 be found year-round. WELS (MFS), T6 R11 WELS (MFS), Turner General range: In the East, from southern Ontario (MFS), Warren (MFS), Waterville (RENC), west to South Dakota and Iowa, south to Texas Winslow (RENC). and east to Florida; recorded from Vermont by Bousquet (2010). Stenolophus conjunctus (Say) (Plate 44) Maine localities (1): Vassalboro (PVT). Habitat: Open dry areas, including cultivated fields, roadsides, gardens, sand and gravel pits, lawns, rock ledges, dry upper parts of stream Genus Stenolophus banks, grassy areas at cliff tops, and tundra above treeline. Stenolophus comma (F.) (Plate 44) Flight dynamics: Wings dimorphic; both light trap Habitat: Bare, wet soil, agricultural land, river records and daytime flight observations for banks, lakeshores, and even by settling pools macropterous individuals. in inactive sand/gravel pits. Biology: Teneral adults appear in late March, but Flight dynamics: Fully winged, many light trap also from July to September; gravid females records, observed flying during day in spring. appear from May to late June; diurnal, often Biology: A burrower in wet mud, but when the found under goldenrod roots. burrow dries out, it flies to another suitable General range: A transcontinental species. North- place; can be a minor agricultural pest, occa- east to Nova Scotia, in Québec north to the sionally attacking sprouting grain when the soil Gaspé Peninsula, Tadoussac and Abitibi, in is wet; commonly burrows beneath drift mate- Ontario north to Nipigon, northwest to south- rial, and is heavily favored by human activity ern Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta, but its presence in archeological sites in Boston in British Columbia north to Williams Lake dating to before 1700 shows that it is an old and west to Vancouver Island, south through inhabitant of the Northeast. Teneral adults appear Washington, Oregon, and California to Arizona, from early August to September; larvae live east to Texas, the Gulf of Mexico coast, and 2–3 cm below surface and are reported to Florida. feed on microorganisms; adults can live up to Maine localities (10): Jim Pond Township (RENC), three years in captivity. Lincoln Plantation (CNC), Magalloway Planta- General range: A transcontinental species. North- tion (RPWC), Mount Katahdin Township east to Newfoundland, in Québec north to (PVT), Mount Vernon (MFS), Newfield (CNC), Grand Bergeronnes on the North Shore and South Berwick (CNC), Waterville (RENC), Ft. Rupert on James Bay, in Ontario north to Winslow (RENC), York (PVT, RENC). Ogoki and Nipigon, in Manitoba north to Lake Winnipeg, in Alberta north to Edmonton, Stenolophus fuliginosus Dejean (Plate 44) to southern British Columbia and Vancouver Habitat: Quiet water margins including beaver Island, south into Washington and Oregon, ponds, slow streams, small pools, and margins apparently skipping California and Nevada of bogs up to 900 m elevation. (old state records dubious) but appearing in Flight dynamics: Fully winged; light trap records, Arizona, Utah, New Mexico, Texas, along the diurnal flight in spring. 526 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014

Biology: Teneral adults appear from mid-June to Maine locality (1): Monmouth (CNC). mid-August; at least one record from a beaver lodge. Stenolophus lecontei (Chaudoir) (Plate 44) General range: A transcontinental species of Habitat: Along shores of rivers and lakes, in sandy southern Canada and approximately the north- areas under drift and dry mud cakes. ern half of the USA. Northeast to Newfoundland, Flight dynamics: Fully winged, in light trap records. in Québec north to Port-Cartier on the North Biology: Teneral adults appear from mid-July to Shore and Abitibi, in Ontario north to Nipigon, mid-August. Mainly a midwestern species, in Alberta north to Edmonton, in British uncommon in east. Columbia west to Vancouver Island; also in General range: An eastern and central North Washington and Oregon, south to Idaho, American species. Northeast to central Maine, in Wyoming, Nebraska, Arkansas, Illinois, Québec north to Laniel near Lake Temiscamingue, Ohio, and Virginia, as well as south in the in Ontario north to Southampton on Lake Huron, mountains to Alabama and South Carolina. northwest to Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota, Maine localities (26): Bar Harbor (PROC), west to Iowa, Missouri, Oklahoma, and Texas, Baring Plantation (CNC), Brookton Township south to the Gulf of Mexico and Florida. (CNC), Camden (CNC), Carrabassett Valley Maine localities (4): Fairfield (RENC), Rome (CNC, PVT), Castine (PVT), Clinton (RENC), (RENC), Sidney (RENC), Waterville (RENC). Monmouth (CNC), Mount Desert (PROC), Mount Katahdin Township (PVT), Mount Stenolophus lineola (F.) (Plate 44) Vernon (MFS), Newfield (RPWC), Newport Habitat: Sandy ground. (RENC), Oakfield (RPWC), Orono (MFS), Flight dynamics: Fully winged, in light trap records. Portage Lake (MFS), Reed Plantation (CNC), Biology: Recorded as burrowing on golf greens Sandy River Plantation(RENC), Sidney General range: An eastern and central North (RENC), Southwest Harbor (PROC), T11 R10 American species, with a range also extending WELS (MFS), T4 R10 WELS (CNC), Washburn into the Southwest. Northeast to central Maine, (RENC), Waterville (RENC), West Forks Planta- in Québec north to Berthierville, in Ontario on tion (CNC), Winslow (RENC). the shores of Lakes Erie and Ontario, in Manitoba north to Lake Winnipegosis, in Saskatchewan Stenolophus fuscatus Dejean (Plate 44) north to Kandahar, in southern Alberta at Medi- Habitat: On sandy soil, usually near water but also cine Hat, west to southeastern British Columbia, in sand and gravel pits. south to Idaho, Utah, Arizona, south to New Flight dynamics: Fully winged, no light trap Mexico, Texas, and along the Gulf of Mexico records but specimens from mountain tops are states to Florida. probably stray fliers. Maine localities (5): Arundel (MFS), Kennebunk Biology: Teneral adults appear in August. (MFS), Lebanon (UNH), Lewiston (MFS), General range: An east-central species. North- Mount Vernon (MFS). east to New Brunswick, in Québec north to Québec City, Montreal, in Ontario north to Stenolophus ochropezus (Say) (Plate 44) Belleville and north shore of Lake Erie, west Habitat: In muddy and vegetative margins of to South Dakota, south to Illinois, Indiana, standing water among sedges or cattails, in Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey. mats of moss or on bare mud, on all sorts Maine localities (7): Caratunk (RENC), Lebanon of shores from small isolated pools to rivers (CNC), Mount Vernon (RPWC), Naples and lakes. (CNC), Newfield (CNC, RPWC), Reed Planta- Flight dynamics: Fully winged; very abundant at tion (CNC), Steuben (UVM). light traps. Biology: Teneral adults appear in September; there Stenolophus humidus Hamilton (Plate 44) are also records from beaver lodges. The abun- Habitat: Eutrophic marshes with cattails and willows. dance at light traps suggests that much of the Flight dynamics: Fully winged, no light traps population travels among small, temporary records. pools and wet spots. Biology: Unknown. General range: An eastern and central North General range: An eastern species. Northeast to American species with a range extending into Nova Scotia, in Québec only in extreme south- the American Southwest. Northeast to Nova western portion at Frelighsburg and Rigaud, Scotia and New Brunswick, in Québec north to in Ontario west to Delhi; in the USA, west to Québec City, Montreal, and Hull, in Ontario Ohio, south to West Virginia, the Carolinas, north to Sudbury, in southern Manitoba to Portage Georgia, and Alabama. LaPrairie, west to South Dakota, Nebraska, THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 527

Colorado, Utah, and Arizona, south to New emergent grasses and sedges. Common near Mexico, Texas, the Gulf of Mexico, and Florida. beaver ponds. Maine localities (19): Albany Township (CNC), Flight dynamics: Hind wing dimorphic; long- Alfred (RPWC), Auburn (CNC), Bar Harbor winged form comes to light. (PROC), Bigelow Township (UVM), Brunswick Biology: Nocturnal, probably omnivorous. Over- (MFS), Eustis (CNC), Fryeburg (CNC), Jefferson winters as an adult. (RENC), Kennebunk (MFS), Lebanon (CNC), General range: Newfoundland to South Dakota, Mount Vernon (MFS), Newfield (RPWC), south to Arkansas and Delaware. Apparently Norridgewock (RENC), Prospect (MFS), Sidney an isolated population in Washington and Idaho. (RENC), T2 R9 WELS (RENC), Topsfield Maine localities (21): Allagash (UNH), Augusta (MFS), Waterville (RENC). (UNH), Bar Harbor (PROC), Blanchard Township (RENC), Cape Elizabeth (RENC), Stenolophus plebejus Dejean (Plate 44) Chesuncook Township (UNH), Clinton (RENC), Habitat: Stream margins, on beach drift. Cross Lake Township (UNH) Dennysville Flight dynamics: Fully winged, multiple light trap (UNH), Eustis (CNC), Gardiner (UNH), Limerick records. (UNH), Lincoln (UNH), Monmouth (CNC), Biology: Teneral adults appear in September; has Newport (RENC), Pittston (UNH), Princeton been collected from a beaver lodge. (UNH), Smithfield (RENC), T17 R4 WELS General range: An eastern and central species. (UNH), Topsfield (UNH), Winslow (RENC). Northeast to central Maine, in Québec north to Gatineau, in extreme southern Ontario (Victoria), Acupalpus indistinctus Dejean (Plate 1) northwest to Michigan, west to Illinois, Missouri, Habitat: Most often under cover, near water. Arkansas, and Texas, south to the Gulf States Flight dynamics: Fully winged. Comes to light. and Florida. Biology: Adults overwinter. Maine localities (2): Bar Harbor (PROC), Fairfield General range: Maine west to Wisconsin, includ- (PVT). ing southernmost Ontario; south to Texas and Florida. Stenolophus rotundicollis (Haldeman) (Plate 44) Maine localities (2): Chesuncook Township (UNH), Habitat: Reported from piles of dead grasses in an Presque Isle (UVM). urban garden; generally an open-ground species but rare. Flight dynamics: Fully winged; records from Acupalpus nanellus Casey (records from Majka wind-drift material on lake shores in southern et al. (2011)) (Plate 1) Ontario. Habitat: Wet ground along eutrophic bodies of Biology: A spring breeder, overwintering as adults. water, marshes, and swamps, on soft organic- General range: A northeastern species. In southern rich soils in shade of wetland plants such as Québec only, at LaTrappe and Gatineau Park, sedges and cattails. and at Long Point and Point Pelee in southern Flight dynamics: Most but not all are fully winged Ontario. Northeast to Maine, west to Ohio, and capable of flight. south to Tennessee and South Carolina. Biology: Generally found from March to August, Maine locality (1): Lewiston (MFS). with teneral adults appearing from April to July. Overwinters as adult. Egg-laying seasonality Genus Acupalpus unknown. General range: In the Northeast, from Nova Scotia Acupalpus canadensis Casey (Plate 1) west to Ontario, Michigan and Wisconsin, south Habitat: In vegetation near marshes, swamps, to Connecticut and Rhode Island. and ponds. Maine localities (2): Bingham (PVT), Vassalboro Flight dynamics: Wings full, frequent flier at dusk; (PVT). regularly attracted to artificial lights. Biology: Nocturnal; adults overwinter. Acupalpus partiarius (Say) (Plate 1) General range: Newfoundland to Saskatchewan Habitat: In lowland vegetation, debris and moist south to South Dakota and Pennsylvania. soil near water; under wet stones (Procter 1946). Maine localities (3): Allagash (CNC), Belgrade Flight dynamics: Fully winged. Comes to light. (RENC), Waterville (RENC). Biology: Both diurnal and nocturnal. Adults overwinter. Acupalpus carus (LeConte) (Plate 1) General range: From Nova Scotia west to southern Habitat: In dense vegetation near marshes, wet Ontario, southwest to South Dakota, Kansas, ditches, and along shorelines especially with and Oklahoma, south to Texas, Louisiana, 528 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014

Mississippi, Alabama, and South Carolina; a Flight dynamics: Fully winged, common at light Georgia record needs confirmation. traps. Stray specimens on mountain tops. Maine localities (3): Augusta (UNH), Bar Harbor Biology: In the Old World, teneral adults appear (UVM, PROC), T1 R13 WELS (UNH). in June and July, The major part of the larval diet is seeds of Queen Anne’s-lace. Acupalpus pauperculus Dejean (Plate 1) General range: An adventive Old World species. Habitat: In dense vegetation and debris near water; Predominantly European but also in western under wet stones (Procter 1946). Asia, north to southern Scandinavia, west to Flight dynamics: Fully winged. Comes to light. England and Ireland, south to northern Spain, Biology: Diurnal and nocturnal. Probably omnivo- central Italy and Albania, east to Asia Minor, rous. Adults overwinter. Syria, the Caucasus, and mouth of the Volga General range: Nova Scotia and New Brunswick River. First collected on Long Island, New York west to Colorado south to Kansas and Georgia. in 1957; subsequent records document its Maine localities (18): Bar Harbor (PROC), Coplin spread to Poughkeepsie, New York (1969), Plantation (RPWC), East Millinocket (CNC), Vermont (1972), Massachusetts (1973), Maine Eustis (CNC), Hancock (CNC), Lebanon (UNH), (1977), and Québec (1985). Currently ranges Moro Plantation. (CNC), Mount Vernon northeast to Nova Scotia, west to Québec (MFS), Newfield (CNC, RPWC), Newport and Ontario, southwest to Ohio, south to (RENC), Oakfield (RPWC), Oxford (CNC), Reed Pennsylvania and New Jersey. Plantation (CNC), Sidney (RENC), Steuben Maine localities (6): Fairfield (PVT), Old Orchard (UVM), T15 R15 WELS (CNC), Waterboro Beach (UVM), Sabattus (RENC), Sidney (RENC), Waterville (RENC). (RENC), Skowhegan (PVT), Waterville (RENC).

Acupalpus pumilus Lindroth (Plate 1) Genus Harpalus Habitat: In dense vegetation and debris near marshes, swamps, and ponds. Harpalus affinis (Schrank) (Plate 31) Flight dynamics: Fully winged. Comes to light. Habitat: In dry, open areas with much bare ground, Biology: Nocturnal. Adults overwinter. with gravel, sand, humus soil or peat, strongly General range: Nova Scotia to Ontario, south to synanthropic in most of its range, as in gardens Nebraska and Delaware. around homes, but the northward penetration Maine localities (5): Belgrade (RENC), Blanchard in Newfoundland, Québec, and Ontario is also Township (RENC), Newfield (RPWC), Newport into naturally open areas. (RENC), Waterboro (RENC). Flight dynamics: Fully winged, flight observed in Europe. Acupalpus testaceus Dejean (state record only Biology: Teneral adults appear from early August from Bousquet and Larochelle (1993) and to early October; mating observed in July, Bousquet (2010)) gravid females found from April to August; Habitat: Open, moist to wet ground by rivers, species sometimes found sheltering under roots ponds, marshes, or even puddles in vacant lots. of goldenrod. Flight dynamics: Fully winged; sometimes occurs General range: An adventive Old World species. in drift material, but frequently comes to artifi- Common throughout Europe except for the far cial lights in the spring. north, across Asia to the Pacific Ocean, south Biology: Generally nocturnal but diurnal during to the Mediterranean, Turkey, Armenia, and the spring; overwinters as adults, teneral adults Kyrgyzstan. Introduced into North America appearing in mid-summer. probably before 1805. Northeast to Labrador General range: In the East, from Florida west to and Newfoundland, in Québec north to James Texas, north to Ontario, east to Québec, New Bay, in Ontario north to Cochrane and Sioux Hampshire, and Maine. Lookout, northwest to Minnesota, west to Maine localities: No specific Maine localities known. Kansas, south to Missouri, Illinois, Ohio, and Virginia. A disjunct population occurs in Subtriba Harpalina western Washington and Oregon. Genus Ophonus Maine localities (24): Blue Hill (RENC), Carrabassett Valley (CNC), Clinton (RENC), Cutler (CNC), Ophonus puncticeps Stephens (Plate 37) East Millinocket (CNC), Ellsworth (MFS), Fort Habitat: A synanthropic species, typical of weedy Kent (CNC), Hancock (CNC), Lewiston (MFS), ground and often found in contracted inflores- Lubec (RENC), Machias (PVT), Millinocket cences of Queen Anne’s-lace (Daucus carota (CNC), Mt. Katahdin Township (CNC), Mount L.; Apiaceae). Vernon (MFS), Orono (MFS), Sabattus (RENC), THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 529

Sanford (UVM), Sidney (RENC), Steuben Flight dynamics: Fully winged, light trap records. (UVM), T11 R10 WELS (MFS), T11 R14 Biology: Adults and larvae live in vertical burrows WELS (MFS), T15 R13 WELS (CNC), T16 R9 30–70 cm deep, adult burrows usually have WELS (MFS), Waterville (RENC). side chambers, the larva lives in a vertical burrow topped by a mound of soil fragments. Harpalus caliginosus (F.) (Plate 31) It stores seeds of foxtail grass (Setaria)by Habitat: Open, sparsely vegetated ground, such as pressing them into the walls of the burrow. croplands and pastures. The larvae do not eat the seeds, but it is pos- Flight dynamics: Fully winged, light trap records. tulated that the teneral adults do. Teneral Biology: Sometimes diurnally active, observed adults appear in mid- to late June, mating climbing plant stalks, synanthropic, seen in takes place in August through September; western Ohio abundant beneath drying hay, the species hibernates as adult. wheat, or oat shocks, reported preying on small General range: An eastern and central North insects, diet reported to consist 33% caterpillars, American species. Northeast to western Maine, 67% dried vegetation. In early autumn seen in Québec north to Québec City, north to La eating extensively on ragweed seeds. Other Tuque, Mt. Tremblant and Ft. Coulonge, in reports indicate that it is sometimes a pest Ontario north to Lake of the Woods, northwest on strawberries. Gravid females appear in to southern Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and mid-September, teneral adults emerge from Alberta, west to eastern Montana, Colorado, late July to early September. southwest to New Mexico, south to Kansas, General range: A transcontinental species. North- Arkansas, Mississippi, Alabama, and Georgia east to Nova Scotia, in Québec north to Gaspé, but not Florida, north to Illinois, Indiana, Saguenay and Abitibi, in Manitoba north to Lake Ohio, New York, New Jersey, and the New Manitoba, in Montana north to the Yellowstone England states. River, northwest to the Olympic Peninsula of Maine localities (3): Bethel (CNC), Fryeburg Washington, west to the US Pacific coast to south- (RPWC), Waterville (PVT). ern California; in Mexico south to Sonora, Durango, and Tampico; in the eastern USA, Harpalus erythropus Dejean (Plate 31) ranges to both the Gulf and Atlantic coasts but Habitat: Open fields and forest edges. is apparently absent from peninsular Florida. Flight dynamics: Fully winged, frequent at light Maine localities (4): Islesboro (PVT), Orono (MFS), traps. Rangeley (PVT), Skowhegan (PVT). Biology: Teneral adults appear in August through September; has been observed climbing a tree Harpalus compar LeConte (Plate 31) to a height of 3 m. Habitat: In dry fields, croplands, pastures and General range: An eastern and central North wastelands, seemingly common in sand areas. American species. Northeast to Nova Scotia, On the other hand, it has also been collected in in Québec northeast to Québec City, north to large numbers in a floodplain forest in Ohio. Montreal and Ottawa, Ontario, northwest to Flight dynamics: Fully winged, frequent at light Winnipeg, Manitoba and Riding Mountain, traps. west to the Dakotas and Wyoming, south to Biology: Mating occurs in August, gravid females Colorado, Oklahoma, Arkansas, Alabama, have been seen from mid-August to early Octo- and Florida. ber; the larva hibernates. Maine localities (6): Fairfield (PVT), Mount Vernon General range: An eastern and central North (MFS), Naples (CNC), Sidney (RENC), Steuben American species. Northeast to Nova Scotia, in (MFS), Waterville (RENC). Québec north to Baie-St-Paul (Charlevoix- Ouest), north to Mt. Tremblant, in Ontario north to Harpalus faunus Say (Plate 31) Michipicoten River, Thunder Bay, northwest to Habitat: Open, sandy areas including sand banks Selkirk, Manitoba, west to North Dakota, along rivers. Wyoming, Colorado, southwest to Arizona, south Flight dynamics: Fully winged, light trap records. to New Mexico, Texas, Louisiana, and Florida. Biology: Gravid females appear in early Septem- Maine localities (3): Bangor (CNC), Leeds (RENC), ber; the larva hibernates, and teneral adults Waterville (RENC). begin to appear in early July. General range: An eastern and central North Harpalus erraticus Say (Plate 31) American species. Northeast to central Maine, Habitat: Characteristic of sandy areas, e.g., sand in Québec north to Joliette, in Ontario north to plains, cultivated fields, and gardens provided Ottawa and Manitoulin Island, northwest to soil is sufficiently sandy. Winnipeg, Manitoba, west to the Dakotas, 530 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014

Colorado, southwest to Arizona, south to from eastern British Columbia south to Idaho, Texas, Arkansas, Louisiana, the Gulf Coast, Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, Arkansas, south- and Florida. ern Alabama, and Georgia. Maine localities (5): Fryeburg (RPWC), Lewiston Maine localities (12): Albany Township (CNC), (MFS), Sabattus (RENC), Turner (RENC), Alfred (RPWC), Carrabassett Valley (CNC), Vassalboro (PVT). Charleston (RENC), Columbia Falls (RENC), Fairfield (RENC), Fryeburg (RPWC), Harpalus fulvilabris Mannerheim (Plate 31) Hollis (MFS), Mount Vernon (MFS), New Habitat: Usually a forest species found in leaf Gloucester (MFS), Orono (UNH), Sabattus litter, but also on coastal tundra; once taken (RENC). on steep, barren cliffs in Vermont. Flight dynamics: Dimorphic, but the macropterous Harpalus indigens Casey (Plate 32) form is very rare, no flight records. Habitat: Open, dry sandy areas, also on mountain Biology: Teneral adults appear in late June to summits. early August, gravid females also appear in Flight dynamics: Fully winged, no flight records, early August. but specimens have been found in ocean General range: A transcontinental, northern spe- beach drift. cies. Northeast to Newfoundland and Labrador, Biology: Found in jack pine forests with sandy sub- in Québec north to Schefferville, in Ontario strate, teneral adults seen in June and August. and Manitoba north to Hudson Bay, in Alberta General range: A species restricted to the north- north to McMurray, in Yukon north to Dawson, eastern and north-central states. Northeast to in Alaska west to Kodiak Island and the east- Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, in Québec ern Aleutian Islands, in British Columbia west north to Port-au-Saumon, in Ontario north to to Williams Lake, south in the mountains to Petewawa, in Michigan at the northern end of Colorado and the Black Hills of South Dakota, the lower peninsula, Iowa, South Dakota, in in Michigan on the upper peninsula and Isle Nebraska west to the Sand Hills of McPherson Co. Royale, in Québec south to the St. Lawrence (north of North Platte), south to Pennsylvania and River, isolated in the mountains of Vermont, New Jersey, in New York in the Adirondacks New Hampshire, and New York. and Albany, also in Connecticut, New Hampshire, Maine localities (9): Kineo Township (PVT), Moro and Vermont; widespread in Massachusetts, Plantation (CNC), Mount Katahdin Township including Cape Cod, Martha’s Vineyard, and (PVT), Naples (CNC), Nashville Plantation the Elizabeth Islands. (MFS), T4 R10 WELS (CNC), T9 R5 WELS Maine localities (10): Bigelow Township (UVM), (MFS), Topsham (RENC), Weld (PVT). Columbia Falls (CNC), Georgetown (UVM), Kibby Township (MFS), Leeds (RENC), Lewiston Harpalus herbivagus Say (Plate 32) (MFS), Monmouth (MCZ), Mount Katahdin Habitat: In New England, abundant in gravel pits, Township (PVT), Newfield (RPWC), Paris dry, open fields and gardens, in drier habitats (MCZ). than Harpalus somnulentus Dejean; in the western states, abundant in wheat fields. Harpalus laevipes Zetterstedt (Plate 32) Flight dynamics: Fully winged, in light trap records. Habitat: Open areas with gravelly soil, forests and Biology: Teneral adults emerge from March to forest edges, under litter in bushes, abundant September, gravid females appear from late in regenerated burn areas. May to early July, adults have been observed Flight dynamics: Fully winged, no flight records. feeding on grass shoots. Biology: Unknown. General range: A nearly transcontinental species General range: A circumpolar species. In the Old but only reaching the Pacific on the east side World, found in northern Europe including of the Olympic Peninsula of Washington. Scotland and northern England east to Siberia, Northeast to Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, in Siberia to the Kamchatka Peninsula and in Québec north to Saguenay River, Mt. Sakhalin Island, isolated in the mountains in Tremblant, and Lac Temiscamingue, in Ontario southern Europe (Pyrenees, Alps, mountains of north to Thunder Bay and Lake of the Woods, former Yugoslavia and Bulgaria) and also moun- in southern Manitoba and Saskatchewan, in tains of Asia Minor, Syria, Urals, Caucasus, Alberta north to Edmonton; in British Columbia Pamirs, and the mountains of central and east- only in the Okanogan Valley, in Washington ern Siberia. In North America, Northeast to west to Puget Sound region including the east Labrador and Newfoundland, in Québec north side of the Olympic Peninsula, south in the to Lac St. Jean and Abitibi, in Manitoba north mountains to southern Oregon Cascades, south to Southern Indian Lake, in the Northwest THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 531

Territories north to Ft. Simpson and Norman General range: A northern and central species. Wells, in Yukon north to Dawson, through- Northeast to Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, out British Columbia except for the Queen in Québec north to Sept Iles and Abitibi, in Charlotte Islands, south to Oregon, and in Ontario north to Thunder Bay, in Manitoba the mountains of Nevada, Arizona, and New north to Lake Winnipeg, in the Northwest Ter- Mexico; in eastern states south to northern ritories north to Ft. Smith, in Alberta south to Wisconsin, south-central Michigan, south- McMurray, south to southwestern Minnesota, ern Ontario, western New York and the southern Wisconsin, southern Ontario to Adirondacks, the White Mountains of New Elmira, in New York south to shores of Lake Hampshire and central Maine. Champlain, to New Haven, Connecticut and Maine localities (4): Bethel (CNC), Kibby Town- Fall River, Massachusetts. ship (MFS), Mount Vernon (MFS), Waterville Maine localities (7): Baldwin (PVT), Bethel (PVT), (RENC). Columbia Falls (CNC), Lebanon (UNH), Orono (UNH), Paris (PVT), Turner (MFS). Harpalus laticeps LeConte (Plate 32) Harpalus megacephalus LeConte (state record Habitat: Fields, wastelands, seashores, alpine tun- only from Bousquet (2010)) dras, and sandy upland woods; has been found Habitat: Lowland deciduous and particularly boreal in abundance in regenerated burned areas. coniferous forests, on dry but shaded ground. Flight dynamics: Fully winged, no flight observa- Flight dynamics: Fully winged, occasionally found tions, but stragglers in sea drift suggest flight in wind-drift materials on lake shores. capability. Biology: Teneral adults appear in late summer Biology: Teneral adults appear in June, and gravid (August-September); overwinter as adults. females in early August. General range: Incompletely known. Recorded General range: A transcontinental northern spe- from Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Maine, cies. Northeast to Anticosti and Madeleine Québec, Ontario, Michigan, Minnesota, and Islands, in Québec north to Schefferville and Manitoba. Great Whale River on Hudson Bay, in Ontario Maine localities: No specific Maine localities north to Pickle Lake, in Manitoba north to known. Gillam on the Nelson River, in the Northwest Territories north to Yellowknife and Norman Harpalus opacipennis (Haldeman) (Plate 32) Wells, in Yukon north to Dawson, in Alaska Habitat: Dry sandy areas with sparse vegetation, NW to Fairbanks, in the interior of British also found in grasslands and clearings in ever- Columbia at Ft. St. John and Salmon Arm, green forests. in Washington on the Olympic Peninsula, in Flight dynamics: Fully winged, diurnal flight Oregon at Mary’s Peak, in the Rocky Moun- records. tains south through Montana, Wyoming, Biology: Teneral adults can be found from May to Colorado, to central New Mexico, also in sev- October, peaking in July. eral mountain ranges in the Great Basin (Ruby General range: A nearly transcontinental species. Mountains in Nevada, Henry Mountains in Northeast to New Brunswick, in Québec to Utah, and Santa Catalina Mountains of south- Lac St. Jean and St. Fidele but not reaching ern Arizona), also in the Black Hills of South Saguenay, north to Abitibi, in Ontario north to Dakota, east of the Great Plains south to Lake Timiskaming and Lake of the Woods, in Minnesota, northern Illinois and Indiana, north- the southern third of Saskatchewan, in the ern tip of southern peninsula of Michigan, in Northwest Territories to Ft. Simpson, in the New York south to Ithaca, and several localities Yukon north to Old Crow, north of the Arctic in eastern Massachusetts. Circle, in Alaska west to Copper Center (inland Maine localities (10): Bar Harbor (UVM), Fairfield across mountains from Valdez), west to Vancouver (RENC), Fryeburg (RPWC), Orono (PVT), Island, British Columbia; in Washington west Paris (PVT), Parsonsfield (CNC), Reed Planta- to Puget Sound, southwest to the Sierra Nevada tion (CNC), Sidney (PVT), Topsham (RENC), of California, south to the mountains of central West Forks Plantation (CNC). Arizona and central New Mexico, east to the Rocky Mountains and Black Hills, but absent Harpalus lewisii LeConte (Plate 32) from the Great Plains (except the Canadian prov- Habitat: Open, uncultivated sandy fields, sand pits, inces), south to Minnesota, northern Wisconsin, oak-pine woods, and regenerated burn areas. Indiana, western Pennsylvania, New York south Flight dynamics: Fully winged, light trap records. to Ithaca, in Vermont south to Rutland, but not Biology: Teneral adults peak in August. recorded from New Hampshire. 532 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014

Maine localities (4): Bigelow Township (UVM), northwestern Arizona, Santa Fe, New Mexico, Fairfield (RENC), Sidney (RENC), Waterville and Brazos County, Texas; east to Asheville, (RENC). North Carolina; in New England, south to the Boston area. Harpalus pensylvanicus (DeGeer) (Plate 32) Maine localities (2): East Millinocket (CNC), Habitat: Almost any kind of open habitat, includ- Millinocket (CNC). ing gardens, waste ground, croplands, road- sides, gravel pits, clear cuts in forests, with Harpalus providens Casey (Plate 32) some records from mountain tundra (possibly Habitat: Forest edge or woodlands under stones. strays from lowlands). Vermont records were from a dry ridge, in thin Flight dynamics: Fully winged, frequent at light oak-hickory forest. traps. Flight dynamics: Fully winged, no flight records. Biology: Some adults overwinter; old adults lay Biology: Teneral adults seen from May into eggs in late summer into early autumn; larvae November, peaking in August. overwinter in any instar. Teneral adults appear General range: A northeastern and north-central from early July to late August, with fully sclero- North American species. Northeast to eastern tized new adults appearing from August into Maine, in Québec northeast to Trois Rivieres October. Larva lives in a burrow and stores vicinity and to Ft. Coulonge, in Ontario to grass seeds pressed into the walls of the burrow. Ottawa area, north to Upper Peninsula of General range: A transcontinental species. North- Michigan, northwest to Pelican Lake, Minnesota, east to Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, in west to central Iowa, southwest to Ashland, Québec north to Port-au-Saumon and Abitibi, in Missouri, south to Kentucky, northern Alabama, Ontario north to Sault Ste. Marie, in Manitoba West Virginia, and Maryland. north to Lake Winnipeg, in British Columbia Maine localities (5): Bangor (CNC), Bethel (CNC), north to Salmon Arm and west to Agassiz, to Leeds (RENC), Weld (PVT), Winslow (PVT). Alaska, and all the 48 contiguous states and into northern Mexico. Harpalus reversus Casey (Plate 33) Maine localities (35): Abbot (RENC), Albany Habitat: In the West, on grasslands and wheat Township (CNC), Alfred (RENC), Augusta fields; in the East, among sparse vegetation on (MFS), Belgrade (RENC), Brunswick (MFS), gravel or sandy areas. Charleston (RENC), Eustis (MFS), Fairfield Flight dynamics: Fully winged, in light trap records. (RENC), Fryeburg (RPWC), Islesboro (PVT), Biology: Primarily a seed eater but has been taken Kennebunk (MFS), Lebanon (UNH), Leeds at carrion and feeding on moth pupae from June (RENC), Lewiston (MFS), Lincoln (MFS), into September, peaking in July. Lyman (RENC), Mechanic Falls (RENC), General range: An eastern and central species. It Monmouth (MFS), Mount Vernon (MFS, was a grassland species of the Great Plains RENC), New Sharon (RENC), Newfield until 1900 when it began extending its range (CNC), Sabattus (RENC), Sanford (UVM), eastward, reaching Massachusetts by 1913. Shapleigh (RPWC), Stoneham (RENC), T14 Northeast to northeastern Maine near the R15 WELS (CNC), Cross Lake Township Aroostook River, in Québec northeast to (MFS), T9 R9 WELS (MFS), Topsfield (MFS), Portneuf, in Ontario north to Thunder Bay, Tremont (RENC), Turner (MFS, RENC), in Manitoba north of Lake Winnipeg, in Waterboro (MFS), Waterford (RENC), Waterville Saskatchewan north to Cold Lake, northwest (RENC). to Edmonton, Alberta, western edge of range follows eastern edge of the Rocky Moun- Harpalus plenalis Casey (Plate 32) tains south to New Mexico, in all the Great Habitat: Gravel pits, dry, stony ground with sparse Plains States from Kansas north, east of the vegetation. Great Plains the southern limit is southern Flight dynamics: Fully winged, no flight records. Wisconsin central Michigan, central New York Biology: Teneral adults appear from mid-April and Massachusetts. through May, and again in August. Maine locality (1): Oxbow Plantation (MFS). General range: A transcontinental species. North- east to Newfoundland, in Québec north to Harpalus rubripes (Duftschmid) (Plate 33) Gaspé, Lac St. Jean, and Abitibi, in Ontario Habitat: Dry gravelly or sandy soil with sparse north to Lake of the Woods, in southern vegetation, partly synanthropic, found in the Manitoba, Saskatchewan, in the Northwest limestone barrens (alvars) on the Baltic Islands. Territories north to Ft. Simpson, in southern In the southern part of its European range, it British Columbia west to Agassiz, south to becomes more of a forest species. THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 533

Flight dynamics: Fully winged, no flight records Vernon (MFS), New Sharon (RENC), Norridgewock but likely a strong flier based on rapid dispersal. (RENC), Orono (MFS), Orrington (MFS), Biology: In Europe, known to breed in spring and fall. Palermo (MFS), Portland (PVT), Reed Planta- General range: An adventive Old World species. tion (CNC), Sabattus (RENC), Sidney (PVT), In the Old World from southern Sweden and Steuben (MFS), T14 R5 WELS (MFS), Topsfield the south coast of Norway and the British Isles, (MFS), Turner (MFS, RENC), Vanceboro (MFS), south to southern Spain, Sicily, Greece, Asia Washburn (RENC), Waterboro (RENC), Waterville Minor, Syria, and the Caucasus, across Siberia (PVT, RENC), Whitefield (MFS), Wilton (CNC). to the Pacific coast and Sakhalin Island. It is a fairly recent introduction in the New World, Harpalus solitaris Dejean (Plate 33) first recorded from Rye, New Hampshire in Habitat: On sandy or gravelly soil with sparse 1981, but by 1986 had reached central Maine vegetation, in Canada on till and in gravel pits; (Waterville); also known from Connecticut and in Europe recorded from open heaths, and also Rhode Island, recorded from Montreal (1994) on dry grassland, light pine forests and in birch and Newbury, Vermont (1995). It is now abun- forests in the mountains. dant throughout New Brunswick. Flight dynamics: Fully winged, in light trap records. Maine localities (8): China (RENC), Columbia Biology: Teneral adults emerge from June to August, Falls (RENC), Cumberland (RENC), Fryeburg breeds in spring and also in the fall. (RPWC), Lewiston (MFS), Sabattus (RENC), General range: A circumpolar species. Known from Waterville (RENC), Windsor (RENC). Scandinavia, northern Russia, across Siberia to the Pacific, isolated in the European Alps, north- Harpalus rufipes (DeGeer) (Plate 33) east to Labrador and Newfoundland, in Québec Habitat: A synanthropic species, in meadows, gar- northtoUngavaBay,inManitobanorthto dens, fields, croplands, occasionally in open Hudson Bay, in the Northwest Territories north woodlands. In Europe, reported to be abundant to Yellowknife, northwest to Alaska, in the Rocky beneath piles of grain or potato tops. Mountains of British Columbia and Alberta, Flight dynamics: Fully winged, many light trap south to Thunder Bay, Ontario; in Québec south records. to 47th parallel, and south only to mountains of Biology: Most females breed in their second year Gaspé, in the mountains of New Hampshire, and some again in the third year. Hibernating and in northern Maine and also on the southeast- adults overwinter deep in the soil. Adults omnivo- ern coast of Maine. rous, feeding on insect larvae, aphids, and seeds, Maine localities (3): Harrington (RENC), Reed including many herbs such as goosefoot and Plantation (CNC), T1 R9 WELS (RENC). smartweed, but also on cereals and strawberries which are often damaged by the beetles. Harpalus somnulentus Dejean (Plate 33) General range: An adventive Old World spe- Habitat: In relatively moist forest edges, fields, cies. North to southern Scandinavia and British croplands, gardens, roadsides, and trails or clear- Isles, south to southern Spain, Sicily, Crete, North ings in forests. In wetter weather, in more open Africa, Azores, Asia Minor, Armenia, Iran, and habitats such as open fields and gravel pits, and western and central Siberia, also in Japan (no orchards; has been taken in a beaver house. records from eastern Siberia). Recorded from Flight dynamics: Fully winged; there are intercept Prince Edward Island in Canada in 1937, the trap records, but no light trap records. Gaspé Peninsula (1941), Newfoundland (1949), Biology: Teneral adults appear from March through and is now abundant throughout New Brunswick; September, peaking in June. probably in Maine since the 1940s as huge General range: A transcontinental species. The spe- populations had built up in the potato grow- cies as currently recognized includes five forms ing districts of northern Maine before 1960, (“morphs”) formerly ranked as species. Two of southern Maine (1970), New Hampshire (1974), these, fallax and pleuriticus, occur in the North- and Vermont (1990). east. These forms could be regarded as cryptic Maine localities (39): Albany Township (CNC), species which have not yet evolved barriers Athens (RENC), Caratunk (RENC), Caribou to hybridization. This is a complex problem (MFS), Cherryfield (RENC), Columbia Falls which needs more study. The species as a whole (RENC), Cumberland (RENC), East Millinocket ranges northeast to Labrador and Newfoundland, (CNC), Enfield (MFS), Fairfield (RENC), in Québec north to Schefferville and Ungava Garfield Plantation (MFS), Georgetown (UVM), Bay, in Ontario and Manitoba nearly reaching Harrington (UVM), Lewiston (MFS), Lubec Hudson Bay, in the Northwest Territories north (PVT, RENC), Matinicus Isle Plantation (MFS), to Norman Wells, in the Yukon north to Dawson, Monmouth (MFS), Monticello (MFS), Mount in Alaska north to the Arctic Circle, west to 534 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014

Fairbanks and the interior and Matanuska, Flight dynamics: Fully winged, in light trap records. south in the mountains to California, Arizona Biology: Unknown. and New Mexico, in the Great Plains south General range: An eastern and central North to Kansas, Arkansas, northern Alabama, West American species. Northeast to New Brunswick., Virginia, and Virginia. in Québec north to Québec City and Oka, in Maine localities (50): Albany Township (CNC), Ontario north to Ottawa and Toronto, west to Ashland (RENC), Auburn (CNC), Augusta Minnesota, Missouri, south to Alabama, Georgia, (MFS), Belgrade (RENC), Bigelow Township and Florida. (UVM), Camden (CNC), Canaan (RENC), Maine localities (2): Waterville (RENC), Winslow Carrabassett Valley (CNC, PVT), Columbia (PVT). Falls (CNC), East Millinocket (CNC), Fairfield (RENC), Fort Kent (CNC), Garfield Planta- Genus Selenophorus tion (MFS), Garland (RENC), Islesboro (PVT), Kennebunk (MFS), Kibby Township (MFS), Selenophorus ellipticus Dejean (records from Lubec (RENC), Millinocket (CNC), Moro Majka et al. (2011)) (Plate 43) Plantation (CNC), Mount Katahdin Township Habitat: Open, particularly disturbed, habitats, (CNC), Naples (CNC), Nesourdnahunk Town- such as forest clearings, agricultural fields, sub- ship (CNC), Newfield (CNC), Parsonsfield urban gardens; on open, dry ground with at most (CNC), Reed Plantation (CNC), Saint Francis discontinuous vegetation. (CNC), Sanford (RPWC), Sidney (RENC), Flight dynamics: Fully winged and capable of Squapan Township (CNC), T10 R8 WELS flight, not uncommon in wind-drift materials. (MFS), T11 R10 WELS (MFS), T11 R7 Biology: Adults may be found in any month of the WELS (MFS), T11 R8 WELS (MFS), T12 year; timing of emergence of teneral adults and R7 WELS (MFS), T14 R15 WELS (CNC), egg-laying seasonality apparently unknown. T14 R6 WELS (MFS), T14 R7 WELS General range: In the East, from Florida west to (MFS), T15 R13 WELS (CNC), T16 R4 WELS Louisiana and Texas, north to Kansas, Arkansas, (MFS), T3 R8 WELS (MFS), T4 R10 Missouri, and Michigan, east to Ontario, New WELS (CNC), T5 R11 WELS (RPWC), T5 York, and Maine; not yet known from Québec R9 WELS (CNC), T9 R5 WELS (MFS), , or the Maritime Provinces of Canada. Washburn (RENC), Waterville (PVT, RENC), Maine localities (3): Fairfield (PVT), Litchfield Winterville Plantation (MFS), York (PVT). (PVT), Washington (PVT).

Genus Trichotichnus Selenophorus gagatinus Dejean (Plate 43) Habitat: A pronounced xerophile, on rock ledges, Trichotichnus autumnalis (Say) (Plate 46) gravel pits, sandy hillsides, dry oak forests on Habitat: In leaf litter in open woods in Maryland. ridge tops. The habitat is not clear for more northern Flight dynamics: Fully winged, in light trap records. records, most of which are from lake or ocean Biology: Teneral adults appear in late August, shores, although the Arrowsic, Maine record found hiding under goldenrod roots. was from coastal dry red oak forest litter. These General range: An eastern and central North could be normal habitats or the specimens could American species. Northeast to New Brunswick, have come in as drift. in Québec north to Québec City, in Ontario north Flight dynamics: Fully winged, no flight records, to Ottawa and Belleville, northwest to Michigan, but shoreline specimens suggest flight capability. west to Illinois and Missouri, south to Arkansas Biology: Unknown. and Texas, along the Gulf of Mexico to Florida. General range: An eastern and central North Maine localities (12): Belgrade (RENC), Caratunk American species. Northeast to southern and (RENC), Clinton (RENC), Codyville Plantation western Maine, north to northern New Hampshire (RPWC), Columbia Falls (CNC), East Millinocket and Vermont, in Ontario north to shores of Lake (CNC), Fryeburg (RPWC), Monmouth (RENC), Erie and Lake Ontario, northwest to Michigan Parsonsfield (CNC), Sebago (CNC), T2 R9 and Wisconsin, west to Illinois, south to Indiana, WELS (RENC), Windham (MFS). Ohio, West Virginia, and Georgia. Maine localities (2): Arrowsic (RENC), Riley Town- Selenophorus hylacis (Say) (Plate 43) ship (UVM). Habitat: Deciduous forests, under bark. Flight dynamics: Fully winged, in light trap records. Trichotichnus vulpeculus (Say) (Plate 46) Biology: Unknown. Habitat: Deciduous forests under bark of fallen General range: An eastern and central North logs, especially in logged areas. American species. Northeast to central Maine, THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 535

north to Conway, New Hampshire, Burlington, also sifted from grass and leaf litter at lower Vermont, and Albany, New York; west across elevations. southern Ontario (Point Pelee) to southern General range: A northeastern and north-central Michigan and Illinois, south through Kansas species. Northeast to Nova Scotia and New to Oklahoma, Arkansas, Mississippi, Alabama, Brunswick, in Québec north to Lac St. Jean, in and Florida. Ontario south to Toronto and Southampton, Maine locality (1): Mount Vernon (MFS). west to Wisconsin, Illinois, south to Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia. Selenophorus opalinus (LeConte) (Plate 43) Maine localities (10): Bancroft (CNC), Belgrade Habitat: Open, dry, sandy ground under stones (RENC), Columbia Falls (MFS), Cutler (CNC), and leaves. Greenville (MFS), Kibby Township (MFS), Flight dynamics: Fully winged, light trap records, RileyTownship(UVM),Sherman(MFS),T3R8 common on drift material on lakes. WELS (MFS), T6 R11 WELSD (UVM). Biology: Teneral adults appear from August through October. Genus Calathus General range: An eastern and central North American species. Northeast to New Brunswick, Calathus gregarius (Say) (Plate 21) in Québec north to Bellechasse Co., in Ontario Habitat: Abundant in dry, well-drained litter of north to Ottawa and Grand Bend on Lake deciduous forests, often in brushy second growth Huron, Michigan, Minnesota, South Dakota, or at or beyond the edges of forests, usually not south to Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas, east in deep forests with large trees; sometimes in along the Gulf of Mexico to Florida. open fields bordering forests. Maine localities (5): Alfred (RENC, RPWC), Leeds Flight dynamics: Wings dimorphic, fully winged (RENC), Mount Vernon (MFS), Parsonsfield form rare, no flight records. (CNC), Turner (MFS). Biology: Teneral adults appear from late May to mid-August, probably overwinters as adult or Tribe Pentagonicini larva, gregarious. Genus Pentagonica General range: An east-central species. North- east to Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick, in Québec north to Lac St. Jean, Pentagonica picticornis Bates (Plate 38) in northern Michigan to Lake Superior, west to Habitat: Unknown. Minnesota and South Dakota, south to Nebraska, Flight dynamics: Unknown. Missouri, Alabama, and Georgia. Biology: Wings full. Maine localities (7): Albion (RENC), Bethel General range: The only species in a genus other- (MCZ), Bar Harbor (PROC, UVM), Deer Isle wise restricted to the deep south of the USA, (RENC), Gouldsboro (PROC), Presque Isle the Basin, and Central and South (UVM), Washburn (RENC). America. From southern Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont, south to Maryland; west across Calathus ingratus Dejean (Plate 21) southern Québec and Ontario to Michigan, south- Habitat: In litter of deciduous, mixed, and coni- west through Illinois to Kansas, New Mexico, fer forests, rarely near forest edges, commonly and Texas; south at least to Guatemala in Central under pieces of wood, in rotten logs, and in America (type locality). Apparently not known leaf litter, rarely under stones; from near sea south of Maryland on the east side of the level in northwestern Vermont up to the limit Mississippi River. of trees at 1,300 m. Maine locality (1): Portland (PVT). Flight dynamics: Wings dimorphic, macropterous form rare, no flight records,. Tribe Sphodrini Biology: Gravid females appear from late June Genus Pseudamara to mid-August, teneral adults emerge from May to August. Pseudamara arenaria (LeConte) (Plate 39) General range: Transcontinental and more northern Habitat: Forests, on gravel or sandy areas, among than preceding species. Northeast to Newfoundland dry leaves, also in seashore drift. and Labrador, in Québec north to Ft. Chimo on Flight dynamics: Wings dimorphic, in light trap Ungava Bay, in Ontario north to Hudson Bay, records. in the Northwest Territories, north to Norman Biology: Teneral adults appear in May and Octo- on the Mackenzie River, in Alaska west to the ber. Has been swept from vegetation on the Alaska Peninsula and inner Aleutian Islands, summit of Mt. Washington, New Hampshire; reaching the south coast at Skagway; in British 536 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014

Columbia nearly throughout but not reaching Genus Acalathus the coast; in the western states of the USA, south in the mountains of California, Arizona, Acalathus advena (LeConte) (plate 1) and New Mexico, east of the Rocky Mountains Habitat: Moist forest soils, forest margins and south to South Dakota, Minnesota, Wisconsin, meadows in alpine and subalpine environments, northern Michigan, the Adirondacks, and the at lower elevations in higher latitudes. mountains of northern New England as well Flight dynamics: Wings full, occasionally found in as lower elevations near the Canadian border. wind-drift materials, implying flight capability; Maine localities (61): Allagash (MFS), Ashland sometimes burrows into the ground and hides (MFS), Bar Harbor (MFS), Baring Plantation by day beneath bark and in moss. (MFS), Bethel (MCZ), Chain of Ponds Town- Biology: Egg-laying takes place in early summer ship (CNC), Dead River Township (MFS), (late June-July); teneral adults appear from July Edmunds Township (CNC), Eustis (MFS), to October, but mostly earlier in this time range. Frenchtown Township (UNH), Grande Isle General range: Transcontinental from Newfoundland (MFS), Herseytown Township (MFS), Jackman to Southern Alaska, including Kodiak Island (CNC), Kibby Township (MFS), Lee (RPWC), and the Alaska Peninsula, south in the moun- Lincoln Plantation (MFS), Masardis (MFS), tains to Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, and Moro Plantation (CNC), Mount Desert New Hampshire. (UNH), Mount Vernon (MFS), Nesourdnahunk Maine localities 2: Mount Desert (MFS), Mt. Township (CNC), Berry Township(MFS), Katahdin Township (MFS). Oxbow Plantation (MFS), Parmachenee Town- ship (MFS), Saint Agatha (MFS), Saint Francis Genus Synuchus (MFS), Steuben (UVM), Stockholm (MFS), Sweden (CNC), T10 R3 WELS (MFS), T11 Synuchus impunctatus (Say) (Plate 45) R15 WELS (MFS), T11 R7 WELS (MFS), T11 Habitat: Deciduous forests, common in second- R8 WELS (MFS), T12 R11 WELS (MFS), growth forest and on forest margins, occurs T12 R13 WELS (MFS), T12 R7 WELS (MFS), to treeline and sometimes beyond; Lindroth T13 R8 WELS (MFS), T14 R6 WELS recorded the species on dry till under raspberry (MFS), T14 R7 WELS (MFS), T14 R9 WELS or blackberry bushes. (MFS), T15 R13 WELS (MFS), T15 R8 Flight dynamics: Wings dimorphic, fully winged WELS (MFS), T16 R4 WELS (MFS), T17 R4 form rare but has been observed in flight. WELS (MFS), T18 R10 WELS (MFS), T18 Biology: Teneral adults appear from June to Sep- R11WELS(MFS),T2R4WELS(MFS),T2 tember, but overwinters as larva; gravid females R9 WELS (MFS), T4 R10 WELS (MFS), T4 begin to appear in early August. An abundant R13 WELS (MFS), T6 R11 WELS (MFS), T8 species but rarely shelters under superficial R3 WELS (MFS), T8 R5 WELS (MFS), T8 cover, only pit trapping reveals its true numbers. R8 WELS (MFS), T8 R9 WELS (MFS), T9 It is known to cache the seeds of Melampyrum R13 WELS (MFS), T9 R5 WELS (MFS), T9 (cowwheat; Scrophulariaceae), a plant that is R7 WELS (MFS), Upton (CNC), Waldo (CNC), parasitic on pine roots. The beetles find the Washburn (RENC). seeds one at a time and take them to a hiding place. The beetle then eats the edible carbuncle Calathus opaculus LeConte (state record from off the end of the seed and then abandons the Bousquet and Larochelle (1993) and Bousquet seed and hunts for another one. In this way, it (2010, 2012)) accumulates piles of seeds which will sprout in Habitat: Open, dry substrates from oak woodlands the future. to vacant lots, fields, and dry meadows. General range: A transcontinental species. Northeast Flight dynamics: Fully winged, occasionally attracted to Newfoundland, in Québec north to Schefferville to artificial lights at night; appears to be favored and Abitibi, in Ontario north to Lake Nipigon and by human disturbance. Rainy River, in Alberta north to McMurray, in Biology: Teneral adults appear in June and July, British Columbia north to Fraser Lake, west to adults overwinter and may be found throughout the coast at Vancouver, south into Washington; the year. also in southern Alberta, Saskatchewan, South General range: East of the Rockies, from southern Dakota, Missouri, Kentucky, and Virginia (pos- Québec and Ontario west to Minnesota and sibly Georgia). Utah, south to Arizona, Texas, and Florida, north Maine localities (99): Adamstown Township (CNC), to Vermont and New Hampshire. Albany Township (CNC), Alfred (RENC), Maine localities: No specific Maine localities Allagash (UNH), Anson (CNC, RENC), Auburn known. (RENC), Augusta (MFS), Bancroft (CNC), Bar THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 537

Harbor (MFS, PROC), Batchelders Grant Town- Montreal, in Ontario north to Parry Sound, ship (RENC), Belgrade (RENC), Bethel (CNC), west to Michigan, Wisconsin, southwest to Caratunk (RENC), Carrabassett Valley (CNC), Iowa, Missouri, Arkansas, and Louisiana, Chain of Ponds Township (CNC), Chesuncook south to the Gulf of Mexico and east to the Township (UNH), Cornish (CNC), Deer Isle Atlantic coast. (RENC), East Millinocket (CNC), Edmunds Maine locality (1): Lyman (RENC). Township (CNC), Elliotsville Township (MFS), Eustis (CNC), Fairfield (RENC), Fort Kent Olisthopus parmatus (Say) (Plate 36) (UNH), Fryeburg (CNC, RPWC), Garland Habitat: Deciduous forests usually among leaves. (RENC), Gilead (CNC), Gouldsboro (PROC), Flight dynamics: Fully winged, flight observations. Grafton Township (CNC), Hancock (CNC), Biology: Females gravid in mid-May; an aggrega- Haynesville (MFS), Hiram (CNC), Isleboro tion of adults was found on a wind-thrown mound, (PVT), Jackman (CNC), Kibby Township where a tree had been uprooted, in November. (MFS), Lebanon (UNH), Lee (RPWC), Lewiston General range: An eastern and central North (MFS), Lincoln (MFS), Lyman (CNC, RENC), American species. Northeast to Nova Scotia Marion Township (MFS), Milbridge (MFS, and New Brunswick, in Québec north to St. RENC), Millinocket (CNC, UNH), Monmouth Fidele and Abitibi, in Ontario north to Parry (UNH), Moro Plantation (CNC), Moscow Sound, north to Minnesota, west to Illinois, (RENC), Mount Desert (PROC, UNH), Mount Missouri, Arkansas, south to the Gulf of Katahdin Township (RENC), Mount Vernon Mexico, east to the Atlantic Ocean. (MFS), Naples (CNC), Nashville Plantation Maine localities (3): Batchelders Grant Town- (MFS), Nesourdnahunk Township (CNC), New ship (RENC), Kibby Township (MFS), Sidney Sharon (RENC), Norridgewock (RENC), Oxbow (RENC). Plantation (MFS), Oxford (CNC), Portage Lake (MFS), Princeton (MFS), Reed Plantation Genus Sericoda (CNC), Rockwood Strop T1 R1 (MFS), Sidney (RENC), Steuben (UVM), Stoneham (RENC), Sericoda obsoleta (Say) (Plate 43) Stow (RENC), Strong (RENC), T1 R9 WELS Habitat: Burnt forests. (RENC), T10 R3 WELS (MFS), T11 R7 Flight dynamics: Fully winged, in light trap records. WELS (MFS), T11 R8 WELS (MFS), T12 R7 Biology: Has been observed flying directly to burn- WELS (MFS), T14 R15 WELS (CNC), T14 ing wood and arriving in great numbers at hot R6 WELS (MFS), T14 R7 WELS (MFS), T15 ashes, sometimes in houses with wood stoves and R13 WELS (CNC), T16 R4 WELS (MFS), campfires. Teneral adults appear in late August. Cross Lake Township (MFS), T2 R12 WELS General range: A mostly northern, transcontinental (MFS), T2 R4 WELS (CNC), T3 R11 species (with isolated southern records). North- WELS (MFS), T3 R8 WELS (MFS), T5 R9 east to Newfoundland and southern Labrador, in WELS (CNC), T6 R11 WELS (MFS, UVM), Québec north to Great Whale River, in Manitoba T8 R5 WELS (MFS), T8 R8 WELS (MFS), north to Churchill, in the Northwest Territories T8 R9 WELS (MFS), T9 R5 WELS (MFS), T9 north to Ft. Smith, in British Columbia west to R7 WELS (MFS), Trout Brook Township (RENC), Terrace and Vancouver; in Washington, west to Turner (MFS), Unity (RENC), Upton (CNC), Puget Sound, in Oregon west to Portland and Warren (MFS), Washburn (RENC), Waterboro Eugene, south to Klamath Co.; found in north- (RENC), Waterville (RENC), West Forks Plan- ern Idaho, but absent from Rockies and Great tation (CNC), Winslow (RENC), Winterville Plains, south to Topeka, Kansas, St. Louis, Plantation (MFS), Woolwich (MFS). Missouri, eastern Tennessee, North Carolina, and Tybee Island on the coast of Georgia, an Tribe Platynini isolated record in Texas at Lee Co. and another Subtribe Platynina from Mexico City. Genus Olisthopus Maine localities (9): Bangor (CNC), Bethel (CNC), Greenville (MFS), Isle Au Haut (CNC), Olisthopus micans LeConte (Plate 36) Kennebunkport (CNC), Phillips (CNC), Rangeley Habitat: Forests under masses of dead leaves and (CNC), T35 MD (MFS), Wesley (MFS). twigs, especially in seasonally flooded areas and along margins of vernal ponds. Sericoda quadripunctata (DeGeer) (Plate 43) Flight dynamics: Fully winged, in light trap records. Habitat: Burnt forests. Biology: Unknown. Flight dynamics: Fully winged, in light trap records. General range: An eastern species. Northeast to Biology: Comes to burned areas when ashes are Maine, in Québec north to Québec City and still hot. 538 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014

General Range. A Holarctic species. In the Old moss mats around bases of trees in seasonally World, from the British Isles northeast through flooded areas. Scandinavia and south in continental Europe Flight dynamics: Fully winged, no flight records. to Austria and Hungary, across Siberia to Biology: There is a record of a concentration found Kamchatka on the Pacific, from the Himalaya in a beaver lodge, but it is not an obligate inhabi- to China, Tibet, Manchuria, and northern Vietnam; tant of this habitat. in the Philippines on Luzon and Negros, on General range: A transcontinental species. North- Taiwan and in Japan on Hokkaido. In the New east to Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, in World, a northern transcontinental species with Québec north to Lac St. Jean and Abitibi, in a few isolated records farther south. Northeast Ontario north to Parry Sound, in Saskatchewan to Labrador, in Québec north to the North Shore, north to Saskatoon, west to south-central British Lac St. Jean, and Abitibi, in Ontario north to Columbia, south to Oregon, Idaho, Montana, South Cochrane and Nipigon, in Manitoba north to Dakota, Iowa, Illinois, Ohio, and Pennsylvania, Gillam on the Nelson River, in Alberta north south in the mountains to Georgia. to Fort McMurray, in British Columbia north Maine localities (22): Albion (RENC), Appleton to Finlay Forks on the Peace River, west to (CNC), Belgrade (RENC), Camden (CNC) the Pacific including Vancouver Island, in Alaska Canaan (RENC), China (RENC), Corinna (RENC), north to Fairbanks, south to the Kenai Peninsula; Fairfield (RENC), Fryeburg (RPWC), Hiram from British Columbia, south in Washington to (CNC), Islesboro (PVT), Lewiston (MFS), Olympia and Pullman, south in Idaho to Coeur Mount Vernon (MFS), Nesourdnahunk Town- d’Alene, in Montana south to Helena, south ship (CNC), Orono (MFS), Sidney (PVT), into South Dakota, northern Illinois, and south- Squapan Township (CNC), Washburn (RENC), ern Michigan; in Pennsylvania south to Pittsburgh Waterville (RENC), Wayne (CNC), Winslow and Philadelphia; isolated populations are known (RENC), Winthrop (CNC). in New Mexico and Smoky Mountains of North Carolina and Tennessee. Genus Agonum Maine localities (9): Augusta (UNH), Bar Harbor (UNH), Big Moose Township (MFS), Calais Agonum aeruginosum Dejean (Plate 1) (UNH), Greenville (MFS), Lincoln (UNH), Habitat: In dense vegetation near open or forested Princeton (MFS), T16 R5 WELS (MFS), T17 marshes, bogs, and swamps from sea level to R4 WELS (UNH). 900 m. Flight dynamics: Fully winged, comes to light. Genus Paranchus Climbs trees and shrubs. Biology: Adults overwinter. General range: Nova Scotia to South Dakota, south Paranchus albipes (F.) (Plate 37) to Mississippi and Florida. Habitat: Seashore, on steep, clayish, muddy slopes Maine localities (25): Albany Township (CNC), under stones and plant debris. Auburn (CNC), Bar Harbor (UNH), Belgrade Flight dynamics: Fully winged, no flight records. (RENC), Blanchard Township (RENC), Cathance Biology: Most of the population breeds in fall but Township (RPWC), Durham (RPWC), Fryeburg some breed in spring. (RPWC), Guilford (RENC), Lebanon (UNH), General range: An Old World species introduced in Lewiston (MFS), Litchfield (CNC), Lyman the New World. In Europe, from the British Isles (RENC), Mercer (RENC), Monmouth (CNC), and Scandinavia, south to southern Spain, Italy, Mount Desert (MFS, UVM), Mount Vernon the Balkans, Russia east of the Urals, south to (MFS), New Vineyard (RENC), Newfield Asia Minor and North Africa. Introduced into (RPWC), Rumford (CNC), Sanford (CNC), Newfoundland by 1840. In the Northeast to South Berwick (MFS), Troy (RENC), Waterboro Newfoundland, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, (RENC), Whiting (RPWC). and Maine. Maine locality (1): Cutler (CNC). Agonum affine Kirby (Plate 2) Habitat: Among emergent sedges and grasses, Genus Oxypselaphus often on soft soils. In Vermont recorded only at high altitudes. Oxypselaphus pusillus (LeConte) (Plate 37) Flight dynamics: Fully winged. Comes to light. Habitat: Lake-margin and bottomland forests in Biology: Nocturnal. Eggs are laid from June into damp places under fallen leaves, under bark; July in Québec. sometimes concentrated around permanently General range: Transamerican, from Labrador west wet spots by shaded rock ledges, or in dense to Alaska, south to Wyoming and New Jersey. THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 539

Maine localities (3): Bar Harbor (PROC), Blanchard Flight dynamics: Hind wings dimorphic. Long- Township (RENC), Squapan Township (CNC). winged forms comes to light. Biology: Diurnal; adults overwinter. Lindroth Agonum anchomenoides Randall (Plate 2) (1968) suggested it spread eastward from the Habitat: Under driftwood and other cover along prairies rather recently. Strongly favored by rivers, brooks, and lakeshores. human activities. Flight dynamics: Fully winged; multiple flight General range: Transamerican. From New Brunswick records at light traps. in the Northeast west to Alaska, south to Arizona Biology: Nocturnal. Egg-laying takes place in June and Maine. Range in the East is very narrow. and July, teneral adults emerge in August and Maine locality (1): Carrabassett Valley (PVT). September. Adults overwinter. General range: Transamerican, from Newfoundland Agonum cupripenne (Say) (Plate 2) west to central Alaska (Fairbanks, Fort Yukon, Habitat: Dry, open forests and fields of every Circle), south to Washington, Montana, Wyoming, description, from lowland to alpine. Pastures, and Colorado, east across Nebraska, Iowa, lawns, gardens, and other disturbed areas; high, Illinois, and Indiana to Pennsylvania, New open ledges. Strongly favored by human activi- Jersey, and Connecticut. ties. Often in the same habitat as the adventive Maine localities (18): Adamstown Township Agonum muelleri (Herbst), but this latter spe- (CNC), Allagash (MFS), Anson (CNC), Auburn cies can often be more common in mid- to late (CNC), Augusta (type locality; type specimen summer, A. cupripenne more so in spring and lost), Bancroft (CNC), Bigelow Township early summer. (UVM), Chain of Ponds Township (CNC), East Flight dynamics: Fully winged. Comes to light. Millinocket (CNC), Eustis (CNC), Fort Kent Biology: Diurnal. Adults overwinter. (CNC), Grand Isle (CNC), Norridgewock General range: New Brunswick to Northwest (RENC), Sidney (PVT, RENC), T17 R4 WELS Territories south to Arizona and North Carolina. (MFS), T8 R5 WELS (CNC), Turner (MFS), Maine localities (48): Albany Township (CNC), Waterville (RENC). Alfred (RENC), Arundel (MFS), Athens (RENC), Auburn (RPWC), Augusta (RENC), Agonum canadense Goulet (Plate 2) Bar Harbor (UVM, PROC), Biddeford (PVT), Habitat: Among emergent tall reeds, sedges, and Camden (CNC), Caratunk (UNH), Carrabassett cattails; by pools and marshes; in alkaline fens. Valley, (CNC), Columbia Falls (RENC), Coplin Flight dynamics: Fully winged, comes to light. Plantation (RPWC), East Millinocket (CNC), Biology: Nocturnal; adults overwinter. Eliot (RPWC), Fairfield (RENC), Fryeburg General range: Nova Scotia to Manitoba, south to (CNC), Gilead (RENC), Harrington (UVM), northern Illinois and New Jersey. Jim Pond Township (RENC), Kibby Township Maine localities (12): Alfred (RPWC), Auburn (MFS), Lewiston (MFS), Magalloway Plantation (RPWC), Guilford (RENC), Hartland (RENC), (RPWC), Mechanic Falls (RENC), Montville Lee (RPWC), Lily Bay Township (UVM), Milo (RENC), Mount Desert (PROC), Mount Vernon (CNC), New Vineyard (RENC), Newport (MFS, RENC), Naples (CNC), Newfield (CNC), (RENC), Orono (MFS), Ripley (RENC), Orono (UNH, MFS), Phippsburg (RENC), Scarborough (PVT). Reed Plantation (CNC), Sabattus (RENC), Saint Francis (CNC), Sidney (RENC, PVT), Skowhegan Agonum crenistriatum (LeConte) (Plate 2) (RENC),Steuben(UVM),T3R8WELS(RENC, Habitat: Dry, open areas under debris, sand hills, MFS), T4 R10 WELS (CNC), T5 R18 WELS dunes, and alvars, sometimes on beaches. (RPWC), T6 R11 WELS (UVM), Upton (CNC), Flight dynamics: Fully winged, no flight records. Waterford (RENC), Waterville (RENC), West Biology: Nocturnal. Possibly omnivorous. Adults Forks Plantation (CNC), Wilton (CNC), Windsor overwinter. (RENC), Winslow (RENC). General range: Nova Scotia and New Brunswick west to Minnesota, south to Arkansas and Virginia. Agonum darlingtoni Lindroth (Plate 2) Maine localities (4): East Millinocket (CNC), Habitat: Sphagnum bogs, especially with emer- Fryeburg (RPWC), Sabattus (RENC), Sebago gent leatherleaf (Chamaedaphne calyculata (L.) (CNC). Moench; Ericaceae) and sedges (Carex spp., Eriophorum spp.). Agonum cupreum Dejean (Plate 2) Flight dynamics: Fully winged, but no flight records. Habitat: Open fields with sparse vegetation and Biology: Nocturnal. Teneral adults appear in somewhat sandy soils. September. 540 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014

General range: New England states and adjacent shaded mountain brooks. Usually on sandy-clay Canadian Provinces, south to New Jersey. soil, but sometimes beneath cobbles and small Maine localities (9): Albany Township (RENC), boulders on sandy substrates. Alfred (RPWC), Bar Harbor (UVM), Belgrade Flight dynamics: Wings dimorphic, long-winged (RENC), Mount Desert (UVM), Sanford (RPWC), specimens have been observed to fly. T1 R9 WELS (RENC), T2 R9 WELS (RENC), Biology: Active by day, mating observed in day- Waterboro (RENC). time. In Vermont, eggs are laid from mid-May to early July. Teneral adults in late June to Agonum deceptivum (LeConte) (Plate 2) mid-October. Habitat: Little known. Lowland wet soil. General range: Adjacent Canadian provinces west Flight dynamics: Fully winged. No flight records. to Montana, south to Mexico City and northern Biology: Nocturnal. Florida. General range: Nova Scotia, New Hampshire, Maine localities (50): Abbot (RENC), Anson Maine, and Massachusetts; no records for New (CNC), Appleton (CNC), Auburn (CNC, Brunswick, though it likely occurs there. RENC), Bancroft (CNC), Bar Harbor Maine localities (6): Bigelow Township (UVM), (PROC), Batchelders Grant Township (RENC, Chesuncook Township (UNH), Mount Desert UVM), Berwick (CNC), Burnham (RENC), (UNH), Mount Katahdin Township (RENC), Carrabassett Valley (UVM), Cathance Town- Oakland (RENC), Sandy River Plantation (RENC). ship (RPWC), Chain of Ponds Township (CNC), Cornish (CNC), Dixfield (RENC), East Agonum decorum (Say) (records from Majka Millinocket (CNC), Farmington (RENC), Fort et al. (2011)) (Plate 2) Kent (CNC), Fryeburg (CNC, RPWC), Gilead Habitat: Marshy ground along standing waters and (CNC, RENC), Kingsbury Plantation (RENC), slow-moving streams. Lee (RPWC), Lewiston (MFS), Limerick Flight dynamics: Wings full, a regular flier, (CNC), Litchfield (CNC), Madrid Township attracted to lights and occasionally found in (CNC), Mercer (RENC), Moscow (RENC), wind-drift material on lakeshores. Mount Desert (PROC), New Portland (RENC), Biology: Overwinters as adults, which can be Newry (UVM), Norridgewock (RENC), Northeast found year-round, suggesting overall longevity Carry Township (PVT), Oakland (RENC), Orono of greater than a single year; egg-laying takes (MFS), Pittsfield (RENC), Sanford (CNC), Sebec place in early summer (late June-July), while (CNC), Sidney (RENC, PVT), Skowhegan teneral adults appear in July and August. (RENC), Stow (RENC), Strong (RENC), T10 SD General range: Much of the USA and southernmost (RPWC), Cathance Township (RPWC), T3 R11 Canada, from Québec west to British Columbia, WELS (RENC), T4 R10 WELS (CNC), T5 south to California, Louisiana, and Florida. R9 WELS (CNC), Turner (RENC), Vienna Maine localities (2): Biddeford (PVT), Sanford (PVT). (RENC), Waterville (RENC), Whitefield (RENC), Winslow (RENC). Agonum excavatum Dejean (Plate 3) Habitat: On mud or muddy sand beside lakes, Agonum fidele Casey (Plate 3) rivers, and beaver ponds, but apparently not Habitat: Usually near standing waters in cattail along small streams. Usually in dense vegetation. marshes, under willows and alders. From Flight dynamics: Fully winged. Comes to light. A near sea level to at least 1,000 m elevation record from the top of Mt. Washington was in mountains. probably a stray. Flight dynamics: Fully winged, comes to light. Biology: At least partly diurnal; mating observed Biology: Diurnal. Eggs are laid in July; adults in the daytime. Teneral adults appear in mid- overwinter. August. Adults overwinter. General range: Nova Scotia and New Brunswick General range: New Brunswick to Minnesota, west to southern Ontario, south to Ohio and south to Louisiana and Georgia. North Carolina. Maine localities (10): Auburn (CNC), Berwick (CNC), Maine localities (27): Alfred (RENC), Appleton Fairfield (RENC), Fryeburg (CNC, RPWC), (RPWC), Bar Harbor (UVM), Batchelders Grant Lewiston (MFS), Litchfield (CNC), Mercer Township (RENC, UVM, MFS), Belgrade (RENC), Mount Vernon (RPWC), Norridgewock (RENC), Camden (CNC), Cape Elizabeth (RENC), Sidney (RENC). (RENC, PVT), Fairfield (RENC), Fryeburg (CNC), Hancock (CNC), Kibby Township Agonum extensicolle (Say) (Plate 3) (MFS), Lebanon (UNH), Lewiston (MFS), Mount Habitat: Abundant on many kinds of open or Desert (UVM), Naples (CNC), New Gloucester shaded shorelines, from big rivers and lakes to (MFS), Sanford (RPWC), Sidney (RENC), THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 541

Sweden (CNC), T2 R9 WELS (RENC), T3 Edmunds Township (CNC), Eustis (CNC), R10 WELS (RENC), T5 R18 WELS Guilford (RENC), Lee (RPWC), Litchfield (RPWC), T6 R11 WELS (UVM), Vienna (CNC), Milo (CNC), Monmouth (CNC), (RENC), Waterford (RPWC), Waterville (RENC), Mount Vernon (RPWC), Newport (RENC), York (RPWC). Rangeley (UNH), Rumford (CNC), T5 R9 WELS (UNH), T8 R5 WELS (CNC), Troy Agonum gratiosum (Mannerheim) (Plate 3) (RENC), Warren (MFS), Whiting (CNC). Habitat: In wet areas with emergent vegetation, usually Carex sedges, in seeps, forests, pastures, Agonum lutulentum (LeConte) (Plate 3) and hay meadows. Also in larger marshes by Habitat: Very common in cattail and Carex lakes, very common in Carex marshes near marshes associated with lakes and rivers, and beaver ponds. Usually found in shaded areas. the marshy borders of beaver ponds. Favors Flight dynamics: Wings fully developed but weak- dense sedge tussocks at the outer edges where veined. Lindroth (1968) suggested it might lack the water is deeper. the power of flight. May be a weak flier. Flight dynamics: Fully winged, comes to light. Biology: Mates from May to late July. Lindroth Climbs trees and shrubs. (1968) believed it hibernated in part as larvae, Biology: Nocturnal. Adults will accept grass seeds but this needs confirmation. and apples in captivity (Larochelle and Lariviere General range: Transcontinental, from Newfoundland 2003). Teneral adults appear in late August; to Alaska, south to Nebraska and Pennsylvania. adults overwinter. Maine localities (40): Acton (CNC), Albany Town- General range: Transcontinental, from Nova ship(CNC,RENC),Appleton(RPWC),Belgrade Scotia to British Columbia, south to Kansas (RENC), Blanchard Township (RENC), Cape and New Jersey. Elizabeth (RENC), Carrabassett Valley (RENC, Maine localities (40): Abbot (RENC), Acton PVT), Chain of Ponds Township (CNC), Eustis (CNC), Albany Township (CNC), Alfred (CNC), Fairfield (RENC), Fryeburg (CNC), (RPWC), Athens (RENC), Baring Plantation Grand Isle (CNC), Hancock (CNC), Hartland (CNC), Batchelders Grant Township (RENC), (RENC), Hiram (CNC), Kibby Township Belgrade (RENC), Big Moose Township (MFS), Lebanon (CNC) (UNH), Lubec (PVT), (MFS), Blanchard Township (RENC), Brighton Madrid Township (CNC), Matinicus Isle Plan- Plantation (RENC), Cape Elizabeth (RENC), tation (MFS), Mount Desert (UVM), Mount Chain of Ponds Township (CNC), China Katahdin Township (UNH), Mount Vernon (RENC), Clinton (RENC), Durham (RPWC), (RENC) (MFS), Newport (RENC), Oakland Glenwood Plantation (CNC), Guilford (RENC), (RENC), Orono (MFS), Perry (RPWC), Phippsburg Hartland (RENC), Jefferson (RENC), Lee (RENC), Rumford (CNC), Saint Francis (CNC), (RPWC), Lincoln (UNH), Lubec (RPWC), Sanford (CNC), Southwest Harbor (PROC), Millinocket (MFS), Milo (CNC), Monmouth Sweden (CNC), T4 R10 WELS (CNC), T9 R5 (CNC), New Sharon (RENC), New Vineyard WELS (MFS), T9 R7 WELS (MFS), Waterboro (RENC), Newport (RENC), Perry (RPWC), (RENC), Waterville (RENC), Wayne (CNC), Rumford (CNC), Saint Francis (UNH), Sanford Winslow (RENC). (CNC), Steuben (MFS), Sweden (CNC), T3 R10 WELS (RENC), T8 R5 WELS (CNC), Troy Agonum harrisii LeConte (Plate 3) (RENC), Waterville (RENC), Winthrop (CNC). Habitat: Common in marshy margins of ponds, rivers, and lakes, in soft mud with Carex and Agonum melanarium Dejean (Plate 3) cattails. Usually in more alkaline fen areas. Habitat: On soft, wet soil near water among cattails Flight dynamics: Fully winged. Comes to light. under trees and bushes, most common on mud Biology: Teneral adults in July. Adults overwinter. banks on the shores of streams, rivers, and lakes, General range: Nova Scotia to British Columbia, and near beaver ponds. including Vancouver Island; south into Flight dynamics: Fully winged. Comes to light. Washington and Oregon, but not Idaho; Biology: Both nocturnal and diurnal. Eggs laid in Montana and Wyoming east to Pennsylvania, late May and early June. Adults overwinter. Virginia, and the New England states. General range: Transcontinental, from Nova Scotia Maine localities (26): Adamstown Township to British Columbia, south to Nebraska and (CNC), Albany Township (CNC), Auburn North Carolina. (RPWC), Bancroft (CNC), Bar Harbor (UVM), Maine localities (56): Albany Township (CNC), Baring Plantation (CNC), Bigelow Township Anson (CNC), Appleton (CNC), Auburn (CNC, (UVM), Blanchard Township (RENC), Chain RENC), Augusta (MFS), Bancroft (CNC), Bar of Ponds Township (CNC), Durham (RPWC), Harbor (UVM) (PROC), Baring Plantation 542 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014

(CNC), Belgrade (RENC), Camden (CNC), tain tundra (in Vermont). Strongly favored by Canaan (RENC), Cape Elizabeth (RENC), human activities, often in the same habitat as Carrabassett Valley (UVM, RENC), Chain of A. cupripenne. This latter species will often be Ponds Township (CNC), Clinton (RENC), more common in spring, A. muelleri more so in Connor Township (CNC), Corinna (RENC), late summer. Durham (RPWC), Fairfield (RENC), Fryeburg Flight dynamics: Fully winged, but no flight (RPWC), Garfield Plantation (MFS), Gilead observations. (CNC), Grand Isle (CNC), Harrington (UVM), Biology: Diurnal. Eggs are laid in mid-June; adults Hartland (RENC), Kibby Township (MFS), Lee overwinter. (RPWC), Lewiston (MFS), Lily Bay Township General range: Newfoundland to Ontario south to (UVM), Long Pond Township (CNC), Madrid Wisconsin and Virginia. An Old World species Township (CNC), Milo (CNC), Mount Desert adventive in Newfoundland before 1840, with (PROC), Mount Vernon (RPWC), Nesourdnahunk a separate introduction into British Columbia Township (CNC), Norridgewock (RENC), and California. Oakfield (RPWC), Oxford (CNC), Palmyra Maine localities (32): Augusta (UNH), Bancroft (RENC), Pittston Academy Grant (RPWC), (CNC), Bar Harbor (UVM, PROC), Baring Ripley (RENC), Sanford (CNC), Scarborough Plantation (CNC), Camden (CNC), Carrabassett (PVT), Sidney (RENC, PVT), Southwest Harbor Valley (CNC), Chain of Ponds Township (PROC), Squapan Township (CNC), T2 R4 (CNC), Clinton (RENC), Days Academy Grant WELS (CNC), T4 R10 WELS (CNC), T8 R5 Township (MFS), Fairfield (PVT, RENC), WELS (CNC), Troy (RENC), Vassalboro Gardiner (MFS), Garfield Plantation (MFS), (UNH), Waterford (CNC), Waterville (RENC), Hartland (RENC), Jackman (CNC), Lewiston Wayne (CNC), Whiting (CNC), Winthrop (CNC). (MFS), Madrid Township (CNC), Montville (RENC), Moro Plantation (CNC), New Sharon Agonum metallescens (LeConte) (Plate 3) (RENC), Norridgewock (RENC), Oakfield Habitat: Among sedges on margins of beaver (RPWC), Orono (MFS, UNH), Orrington ponds and the borders of other standing waters. (MFS), Pittsfield (RENC), Rumford (CNC), Flight dynamics: Fully winged; comes to light. Sabattus (RENC), Saint Francis (CNC), Sidney Biology: Egg-laying occurs in late June and July. (RENC), T4 R10 WELS (CNC), Waterville General range: Transcontinental, from Newfound- (PVT, RENC), Whiting (CNC). land to British Columbia, south to Montana and Massachusetts. Maine localities (15): Adamstown Township Agonum mutatum Gemminger and Harold (CNC), Bancroft (CNC), Bar Harbor (PROC), (Plate 4) Batchelders Grant Township (RENC), Bigelow Habitat: Sphagnum bogs and also in higher, wetter Township (UVM), Blanchard Township areas in sphagnum bordering beaver ponds, and (RENC), Chain of Ponds Township (CNC), smaller isolated areas with sphagnum wherever Guilford (RENC), Lee (RPWC), Mount Desert they occur in the mountains. (PROC), Mount Katahdin Township (CNC, Flight dynamics: Most specimens have very small PVT), Rumford (CNC), T4 R10 WELS wings although not altered in shape. These (CNC), T8 R5 WELS (CNC), Troy (RENC). individuals are probably flightless. Some, however, have large and probably functional Agonum moerens Dejean (Plate 3) wings. No flight observations. Collected pri- Habitat: In Vermont, recorded from pool margins marily by bog treading. in lakeside floodplain forests; others record this Biology: Nocturnal. species from marshy pools in forests. General range: Transcontinental, from Newfound- Flight dynamics: Fully winged. Climbs trees and land west to Alaska, south to Washington and shrubs. South Carolina; seemingly interrupted in the Biology: Nocturnal. Great Plains in the USA. General range: Maine to Manitoba, south to Alabama Maine localities (17): Alfred (RPWC), Appleton and Florida. (RPWC), Bar Harbor (UVM), Dead River Maine localities (5): Mount Vernon (RENC), New Township (MFS), Garfield Plantation (MFS), Sharon (RENC), New Vineyard (RENC), Gouldsboro (PVT), Lebanon (CNC), Lee Waterboro (RENC), Waterville (RENC). (RPWC), Lincoln Plantation (RPWC), Monmouth (CNC), Mount Desert (PROC, UVM), Northport Agonum muelleri (Herbst) (Plate 4) (RPWC), Oxbow Plantation (MFS), Rumford Habitat: Open and moderately dry gardens, crop- (CNC), Sanford (RPWC), T3 R10 WELS lands, and grassy fields. Occasionally in moun- (RENC), Waterford (CNC). THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 543

Agonum nigriceps LeConte (Plate 4) Agonum palustre Goulet (Plate 4) Habitat: Among emergent sedges and cattails at Habitat: Woodland swamps and among emergent margins of lakes, slow streams and rivers, and vegetation by the shores of ponds and slow rivers. marshes. Clings head downwards on emer- Flight dynamics: Fully winged. Comes to light. gent plants. Often found where emergent plants Biology: Nocturnal. are widely scattered and other carabids are General range: A northeastern species, from Maine, absent. Mostly associated with sedge tussocks New Brunswick, and Québec west to Minnesota, and cattails. then south to Kentucky and Virginia. Flight dynamics: Hind wings dimorphic. No flight Maine localities (10): Auburn (CNC), Burnham records. Collected primarily by marsh treading. (RENC), Canaan (RENC), Fairfield (RENC), Biology: Nocturnal; hibernates as an adult. Madrid Township (CNC), Mount Desert (UVM), General range: Holarctic. Newfoundland to Alaska, Ripley (RENC), Sidney (RENC), Waterville south to Idaho and Pennsylvania. Also in Siberia. (RENC), Wayne (CNC). Maine localities (2): Blanchard Township (PVT, RENC), Chain of Ponds Township (CNC). Agonum piceolum (LeConte) (Plate 4) Habitat: On gravelly or grassy shaded brook banks, or under pieces of bark near brooks, Agonum nutans (Say) (State record only from up to 1,600 m elevation on Mt. Washington, Bousquet and Larochelle (1993) and Bousquet New Hampshire. (2010)) Flight dynamics: Hind wings dimorphic. No flight Habitat: Densely vegetated grasslands, such as observations. abandoned fields, to open forest with herba- Biology: Nocturnal. Egg-laying takes place in late ceous understory vegetation, often near small June. Teneral specimens have been seen in bodies of standing water, on dry to moderately the White Mountains of New Hampshire from moist soils, including calcareous substrates 30 June to 21 July. (alvars) and other rock ledges; perhaps in sea- General range: Transcontinental and northern, side grasslands. from Newfoundland to British Columbia and Flight dynamics: Fully winged, often attracted south in the USA only in the western moun- to lights and found in wind-drift material on tains to southern California and Colorado; in lakeshores. the East, isolated in the mountains of Maine Biology: Overwinters as adults, which may be found and New Hampshire, with recent records from year-round; teneral adults appear from July to northwestern New Brunswick. September. Egg-laying seasonality unknown. Maine localities (4): Chain of Ponds (CNC), Gilead General range: East of the Rockies and gener- (CNC), Kibby (MFS), Mount Katahdin ally restricted to the USA, with records from Township (RENC). Montreal, Québec, and Toronto, Ontario, south- westwards to South Dakota, Kansas, and Agonum picicornoides Lindroth (Plate 4) Nebraska, south to Texas, Louisiana, and Florida Habitat: In Vermont, mostly at borders of beaver Maine localities: No specific Maine localities ponds; in New Brunswick, from debris in beaver known; state record based on a single specimen dams. Farther north on shores of rivers and in the Carnegie Museum labeled “ME”. lakes, usually in shaded sites. Flight dynamics: Fully winged. No flight obser- Agonum octopunctatum (F.) (Plate 4) vations. Habitat: On bare mud near water, invading bare Biology: Nocturnal. Egg-laying takes place in June. fields in periods of wet weather. General range: Transcontinental, northern and very Flight dynamics: Fully winged; comes to light. local. New Brunswick to British Columbia and Has been observed flying by day in rain. Said south in the USA only to the Huron Mountains to climb trees. of northern Michigan and the mountains of Biology: Mostly nocturnal. Adults overwinter. northern New England. The most southern General range: An eastern species. Ranges from record is Wilmington in southern Vermont. Nova Scotia and New Brunswick across southern Maine localities (1): T4R10 WELS (CNC). Canada to Minnesota, south to Texas and Florida. Maine localities (12): Bancroft (CNC), Bar Harbor Agonum placidum (Say) (Plate 4) (PROC), Bigelow Township (UVM), Columbia Habitat: Common on sandy soil in open grassy and Falls (MFS), Eliot (RPWC), Fairfield (RENC), weedy places such as gardens, sand pits, road- Fryeburg (RPWC), Gilead (RENC), Mount sides, and croplands, occasionally in grassy, Vernon (MFS), Cathance Township (RPWC), higher ground on broad sand bars in larger Waterford (RENC), Whiting (MFS). rivers. In winter, among leaf litter in forests. 544 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014

Flight dynamics: Fully winged. Comes to light. One Camden (CNC), Carrabassett Valley (PVT), of the commonest ground beetles in light traps. Chain of Ponds Township (CNC), Deer Isle Biology: Mostly nocturnal; may be omnivorous. (RENC), Edmunds Township (CNC), Fairfield Eggs are laid in June. Teneral adults appear from (RENC), Gouldsboro (PROC), Harrington late July to early November; adults overwinter. (UVM), Jackman (CNC), Kibby Township General range: Transcontinental and widespread. (MFS), Lee (RPWC), Lewiston (MFS), Lubec From Newfoundland west to British Columbia, (PVT), Moro Plantation (CNC), Mount Katahdin south into Mexico and all of the southern USA Township (RENC), Nesourdnahunk Township except possibly southernmost Florida. (CNC), Norridgewock (RENC), Oxbow Planta- Maine localities (35): Adamstown Township tion (MFS), Readfield (MFS), Saint Francis (CNC), Allagash (MFS, UNH), Anson (CNC), (MFS), Searsport (UNH), Sidney (RENC), Auburn (MFS), Bar Harbor (PROC, UNH), Sweden (CNC), T14 R7 WELS (MFS), T15 Dennistown Plantation (MFS), East Millinocket R13 WELS (CNC), T16 R4 WELS (MFS), (CNC), Elliotsville Township (MFS), Fairfield T16R5WELS(MFS),T2R4WELS (RENC), Fort Kent (UNH), Greenville (MFS), (CNC), T3 R8 WELS (MFS), T4 R10 WELS Kennebunk (MFS), Kingfield (MFS), Lewiston (CNC), T5 R18 WELS (RPWC), T8 R11 (MFS), Lincoln Plantation (MFS), Marion WELS (UVM), T9 R5 WELS (MFS), Upton Township (MFS), Millinocket (UNH), Monmouth (CNC), Washburn (RENC), Waterville (RENC), (UNH), Mount Vernon (MFS), Norridgewock Winterville Plantation (MFS). (RENC), Presque Isle (MFS), Sabattus (RENC), Seboomook Township (MFS), Southwest Harbor Agonum sordens Kirby (Plate 5) (PROC), T17 R4 WELS (UNH), Cross Lake Habitat: Very common on muddy soil or in moss Township (MFS), T18 R13 WELS (UNH), T3 mats or wet leaves, around small wet spots near R11 WELS (MFS), T8 R19 WELS (MFS), T8 marshes and beaver ponds. Also under alders R5 WELS (CNC), T9 R5 WELS (MFS), and willows along rivers and small streams. Topsfield (MFS), Washburn (RENC), Waterville Flight dynamics: Fully winged; comes to light. (RENC), Winslow (RENC). Biology: Mostly nocturnal. Teneral adults appear in late August; adults overwinter. Agonum propinquum (Gemminger and Harold) General range: Transcontinental and primarily (Plate 4) northern, from Newfoundland to Alaska, south Habitat: Muddy margins of ponds and pools and to Oregon and Maryland. along slow streams. Often among leaves. Mainelocalities(29):BarHarbor(PROC, Flight dynamics: Fully winged. Comes to light. UVM), Baring Plantation (CNC), Batchelders Biology: Nocturnal. Mating and egg-laying take Grant Township (RENC), Belgrade (RENC), place in early July; adults overwinter. Blanchard Township (RENC), Burnham General range: Transcontinental and primarily (RENC), Canaan (RENC), Carrabassett Valley northern, from Newfoundland to Alaska and (UVM), Chain of Ponds Township (CNC), south to California and New Jersey. Edmunds Township (CNC), Elliotsville Town- Maine localities (7): Blanchard Township (RENC), ship (MFS), Eastbrook (type locality of Carrabassett Valley (PVT), Durham (RPWC), Europhilus frosti Casey, a synonym), Fairfield Eustis (CNC), Lily Bay Township (UVM), Long (RENC), Grand Isle (CNC), Guilford (RENC), Pond Township (CNC), Newport (RENC). Kibby Township (MFS), Lebanon (UNH), Mount Katahdin Township (RENC), Newport (RENC), Agonum retractum LeConte (Plate 5) Newry (UVM), Orono (UNH), Ripley (RENC), Habitat: Shaded deciduous forests in both urban Sidney (PVT, RENC), Smithfield (RENC), T2 and rural areas. Abundant in leaf litter and R4 WELS (CNC), T3 R8 WELS (RENC), under sticks and small stones. Not associated Washburn (RENC), Waterville (RENC). with water. Flight dynamics: Hind wings dimorphic, but Agonum superioris Lindroth (Plate 5) macropterous specimens are relatively rare. Habitat: Among emergent sedges along margins of No flight records. ponds, swamps, fens, and bogs. Biology: Nocturnal. Teneral individuals appear in Flight dynamics: Dimorphic in wing development: May and also in late August; adults overwinter. adults with poorly developed wings are inca- General range: Transcontinental, from Newfound- pable of flight, but no flight records for fully land to British Columbia but not quite reaching winged individuals. the Pacific coast, south to Montana and Virginia. Biology: Nocturnal. Adults probably overwinter. Maine localities (40): Bar Harbor (UNH, UVM), General range: Transcontinental but northern and Belgrade (RENC), Big Six Township (MFS), very local. New Brunswick to Alaska but south THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 545

into the USA only in Michigan and northern beaver ponds, and marshes; usually associated New England. with cleaner, cooler waters. Maine localities (1): Belgrade (RENC). Flight dynamics: Fully winged; comes to light. Biology: Mostly nocturnal. Adults overwinter. Agonum tenue (LeConte) (Plate 5) General range: A northeastern species, from Nova Habitat: Marshy shores of large lakes to small Scotia and New Brunswick to Manitoba, south ponds, among sedges or cattails. to Wisconsin, Ohio, and North Carolina. Flight dynamics: Fully winged; comes to light. Maine localities (20): Albany Township (RENC), May climb trees. Batchelders Grant Township (RENC), Belgrade Biology: Nocturnal. Teneral adults have been docu- (RENC), Cape Elizabeth (RENC), Carrabassett mented on 10 June in Québec. Adults overwinter. Valley (PVT), Eliot (RPWC), Guilford (RENC), General range: An eastern species, from Nova Hancock (CNC), Hartland (RENC), Hope (CNC), Scotia and New Brunswick west to Ontario, Lee (RPWC), Lewiston (MFS), Matinicus Isle south to Nebraska, Indiana, and Georgia. Plantation (MFS), Monmouth (CNC), Mount Maine localities (45): Acton (CNC), Adamstown Vernon (MFS, RENC), New Vineyard (RENC), Township (CNC), Albany Township (CNC, Newport (RENC), T1 R9 WELS (RENC), Vienna RENC), Alfred (RPWC), Bancroft (CNC), Bar (RENC), Waterboro (RENC). Harbor (PROC), Baring Plantation (CNC), Batchelders Grant Township (RENC), Belgrade Genus Platynus (RENC), Bigelow Township (UVM), Blanchard Township (RENC), Cape Elizabeth (RENC), Platynus decentis (Say) (Plate 38) Durham (RPWC), Eustis (CNC), Fairfield Habitat: Deciduous forests, under bark and fallen (RENC), Fryeburg (RPWC), Guilford (RENC), logs. At least some individuals are arboreal Hartland (RENC), Lebanon (CNC) (UNH), Lee in the summer, being encountered in canopy (RPWC), Madrid Township (CNC), Milo (CNC), branches of freshly felled yellow birch (Betula Monmouth (CNC), Mount Desert (UVM), alleghaniensis Britton; Betulaceae). Mount Katahdin Township (PVT), Mount Flight dynamics: Vestigially winged, no light trap Vernon (MFS) (RENC), New Sharon (RENC), records. New Vineyard (RENC), Newport (RENC), Biology: Teneral adults appear in late April through Ogunquit (CNC), Ripley (RENC), Rumford late May, egg-laying occurs starting in early May; (CNC), T3 R10 WELS (RENC), T4 R10 WELS good climber, also found in beaver dams and (CNC), T8 R11 WELS (RENC), Topsfield houses. Overwinters as adult, often under bark (MFS), Troy (RENC), Waterboro (RENC), of logs. Waterford (CNC), Waterville (RENC), Winslow General range: A transcontinental species. North- (RENC), Winthrop (CNC). east to Newfoundland and Goose Bay, Labrador, in Québec north to James Bay, in Ontario north to Moose Factory, Hudson Bay, in the North- Agonum thoreyi Dejean (Plate 5) west Territories north to Norman Wells and Habitat: Marshes with emergent sedges or cattails, Yellowknife, northwest to Alaska, in British where vegetation is dense. Columbia west to Skeena River, south to Flight dynamics: Fully winged; comes to light. Oregon, in the Rockies south to Utah and Biology: Nocturnal and probably omnivorous. Eggs New Mexico, south to Kansas, Louisiana, laid in July and August, teneral adults appear and Georgia. in November in Québec. Adults overwinter. Maine localities (113): Acton (RPWC), Albion General range: Holarctic and primarily northern. (RENC), Alfred (RENC), Allagash (MFS), In North America, south to Washington and Appleton (CNC, RPWC), Ashland (MFS), the mountains of California in the west, east Auburn (MFS, RENC), Augusta (MFS), Bar of the Rockies to Kansas, New Jersey, and Harbor (PROC, UNH), Batchelders Grant Town- Newfoundland. ship (MFS, RENC), Beddington (MFS), Belgrade Maine localities (10): Batchelders Grant Township (RENC), Bethel (CNC), Bridgewater (MFS), (RENC), Belgrade (RENC), Cutler (CNC), Brookton Township (MFS), Buckfield (MFS), Eustis (CNC), Hartland (RENC), Mount Vernon Bucksport (MFS), Burnham (RENC), Camden (RPWC), Newport (RENC), Princeton (UNH), (CNC), Cape Elizabeth (PVT), Caratunk Saint Francis (CNC), T9 R5 WELS (UNH). (RENC), Chain of Ponds Township (CNC), Chesterville (MFS), China (RENC), Clifton Agonum trigeminum Lindroth (Plate 5) (MFS), Clinton (RENC), Corinna (RENC), Habitat: Among sedges and leaf litter under alders Cutler (MFS), Dennistown Plantation(MFS), or willows at the margins of small, slow brooks, Ellsworth (UNH), Fairfield (RENC), Fryeburg 546 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014

(RPWC), Garland (RENC), Gilead (CNC), Platynus mannerheimi (Dejean) (Plate 39) Greenbush (MFS), Greenville (MFS), Hancock Habitat: In wet areas with sphagnum in conifer (CNC), Harrington (UVM), Islesboro (PVT), forests, mixed forests, and forested bogs. Kibby Township (MFS), Knox (MFS), Lebanon Flight dynamics: Fully winged, no light trap records. (UNH), Lewiston (MFS), Limestone (MFS), Biology: Teneral adults appear in July; mating Lower Cupsuptic Township (MFS), Lyman and egg-laying occur in late July. Has been (CNC), Madrid Township (CNC), Magalloway recorded climbing trees. Plantation (MFS), Milford (MFS), Millinocket General range: A circumpolar species. In the Old (MFS), Monmouth (UNH), Monroe (MFS), World, in far northern Europe and the moun- Mount Desert (PROC, UVM), Mount Katahdin tains of Scandinavia, across northern Siberia Township (RENC), Mount Vernon (MFS), to Pacific Ocean. In the New World, Northeast New Sharon (MFS), Newport (RENC), Newry to Labrador and Newfoundland, in Québec (UVM), No. 14 Township (MFS), Norway (MFS), north to Schefferville, in Manitoba north to Orono (MFS), Orrington (MFS), Owls Head Hudson Bay at Churchill, in the Northwest (PVT), Oxbow Plantation (MFS), Phippsburg Territories north to Ft. Wrigley (62° N on (RENC), Portage Lake (MFS), Prentiss Township Mackenzie River), in Alaska west to Fairbanks T4 R4 (MFS), Presque Isle (MFS), Princeton and Anchorage, in British Columbia south (MFS), Raymond (PVT), Saint Francis (MFS), to Quesnel, south into Alberta, Minnesota, Sandwich Academy Grant Township (MFS), Wisconsin, and Michigan; in Ontario south to Sanford (RPWC), Seboomook Township Belleville, in Québec south to Montreal region, (MFS), Sidney (RENC), Skowhegan (RENC), in New York in the Adirondacks, in Green Springfield (MFS), Stetson (MFS), Steuben Mountains of Vermont, south to Stratton, in (RENC), Stoneham (RENC), Sumner (MFS), New Hampshire in the White Mountains and T10 R13 WELS (MFS), T11 R14 WELS farther north, an isolated record from north- (UNH), T11 R7 WELS (MFS), T11 R8 WELS western Connecticut. (MFS), T12 R15 WELS (UNH), T12 R15 Maine localities (15): Bangor (UNH), Bar Harbor WELS (UNH), T12 R17 WELS (MFS), T14 (UVM), Beddington (MFS), Belgrade (RENC), R15 WELS (UNH), T14 R7 WELS (MFS), Chesuncook Township (UNH), Dennysville T17 R3 WELS (MFS), T18 R10 WELS (UNH), Grafton Township (CNC), Kibby Town- (MFS), T2 R4 WELS (MFS), T3 R10 WELS ship (MFS), Nesourdnahunk Township (CNC), (RENC), T3 R8 WELS (MFS, RENC), T41 Presque Isle (UVM), Roque Bluffs (MFS), T15 MD (MFS), T5 R18 WELS (RPWC), T6 R13 WELS (CNC), T6 R7 WELS (MFS), R11 WELSD (UVM), T8 R5 WELS (MFS), Trout Brook Township (MFS), Winterville T8 R7 WELS (MFS), T8 R8 WELS (MFS), Plantation (MFS). T9 R3 WELS (MFS), Troy (MFS), Unity (MFS), Vienna (RENC), Waterboro (RENC), Platynus tenuicollis (LeConte) (Plate 39) Waterville (RENC), Wayne (MFS), Weld Habitat: Borders of rapid rivers and streams (MFS), Whitefield (RENC), Whiting (CNC), in shaded places under stones, also on open Winslow (RENC, UNH), Winter Harbor (UNH), lakeshores. Winterville Plantation (MFS). Flight dynamics: Fully winged, in light trap records. Biology: Teneral adults appear from late June to Platynus indecentis Liebherr and Will (Plate 38) mid-August. Habitat: Sphagnum bogs. General range: An eastern and central North Flight dynamics: Fully winged, no light trap records. American species. Northeast to Nova Scotia Biology: Collected from under bark of dead trees, and New Brunswick, in Québec north to Lac particularly fallen logs with one end in water, St.JeanandMistassini,inOntarionorthto in sphagnum bogs; an adult found on summit Sault St. Marie and Lake Nipigon, north to of Whiteface Mountain, New York suggests Michigan and Minnesota, west to South Dakota, flight capability. Iowa, Missouri, Arkansas, and Louisiana, south General range: A northeastern species. Northeast to the Gulf of Mexico and Florida. to New Brunswick and west to Québec, north Maine localities (16): Appleton (CNC), Bar to northern Vermont and New York, in Ontario Harbor (UVM), Batchelders Grant Township north to Alfred, west to northeastern Ohio (RENC), Camden (UNH), Carrabassett Valley (Geauga Co.), south to far western Maryland (PVT, UVM), Hancock (CNC), Lebanon (UNH), and Ulster Co., New York. Lewiston (MFS), Nesourdnahunk Township Maine localities (4): Appleton (RPWC), Belgrade (CNC), Newry (UVM), Stoneham (RENC), T13 (RENC), Georgetown (UVM), Phippsburg R8 WELS (RENC), Vienna (RENC), Waterboro (RENC). (RENC), Waterville (RENC). THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 547

Tribe Atranini Flight dynamics: Fully winged, and a strong, fre- Genus Atranus quent flier, in light trap records, also in drift along shores of large lakes and stray specimens Atranus pubescens (Dejean) (Plate 10) on mountain tops. Habitat: Beaver houses (adults and larvae) and Biology: Adapted to climb in vegetation; a sur- beaver dams; also in dense plant (flood) debris prisingly fast runner on the ground despite its along rivers. ungainly appearance. Flight dynamics: Fully winged, no flight records. General range: A widespread east-central spe- Biology: Nocturnal species. cies with an apparently isolated population General range: An eastern North American species. in California. Northeast to central Maine, in Northeast to New Brunswick, in Québec north Québec north to Lac St. Jean, in Ontario north toLacSt.Jean,inOntarionorthtoOttawa, to Arnprior, west of Ottawa and Grand Bend on northwest to Michigan, west to Iowa, Missouri, Lake Huron, north to Michigan and Minnesota, and Kansas, south to Texas, Louisiana, and northwest to North Dakota, west to South Georgia. Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, Texas, south into Maine localities (5): Codyville Plantation (RPWC), Mexico and the Gulf Coast into Florida. Fairfield (RENC), Millinocket (MFS), Mount Maine localities (9): Clinton (RENC), Dedham Vernon (MFS, RENC), Orono (CNC). (PVT), Lewiston (MFS), Montville (RENC), Mount Vernon (MFS), Oakland (PVT), Pittston Tribe Perigonini (PVT), Skowhegan (PVT), Waterville (RENC). Genus Perigona Tribe Cyclosomini Perigona nigriceps (Dejean) (Plate 38) Genus Tetragonoderus Habitat: Compost heaps, vegetable refuse, straw and enclosures. Tetragonoderus fasciatus (Haldeman) (record Flight dynamics: Fully winged, light trap records. from Majka et al. (2011)) (Plate 45) Biology: Unknown. Habitat: Dry sandy ground with sparse vegeta- General range: An almost cosmopolitan species. In tion, often in agricultural fields and in sand North America, Northeast to Nova Scotia and and gravel pits, also on the shores of lakes and New Brunswick, west to Ohio and Arkansas, rivers but not restricted to sites near water. south to Louisiana and Florida, and isolated Flight dynamics: Fully winged, takes flight when in Oregon and California. It is thought to have disturbed, and commonly attracted to artificial originated in Southeast Asia or to the islands lights at night; occasionally found in wind-drift east of there, possibly New Guinea, but was material on lake shores. introduced into North America before 1853. Biology: Teneral adults appear in late summer Maine localities (3): Lebanon (UNH), Mount (August) and adults overwinter; egg-laying Vernon (MFS), Waterville (PVT, RENC). seasonality apparently not known. General range: Generally in the East, from Florida Perigona pallipennis (LeConte) (Plate 38) west to Texas, Arizonam and California, but Habitat: Under debris at edges of ponds. othewrwise restricted to east of the Rockies, Flight dynamics: Fully winged. north to Iowa, Illinois, and Wisconsin, east to Biology: Unknown. Ontario, Pennsylvania, New York, Québecm General range: An eastern and central species. and Maine. Northeast to Maine, otherwise north to Ontario Maine localities (1): Biddeford (PVT). and Michigan, west to Iowa and Missouri, south to Alabama and Florida. Tribe Lebiini Maine locality (1): Belgrade (RENC). Subtribe Cymindidina Genus Cymindis Tribe Odecanthini Genus Colliuris Cymindis borealis LeConte (Plate 26) Habitat: Dry open areas on sand or clay. Colliuris pensylvanica (L.) (Plate 26) Flight dynamics: Wings dimorphic, fully winged Habitat: Under deciduous bushes on city lots, form rare, no flight records. in gardens, amid low vegetation, especially Biology: Teneral adults emerge from late June grasses, and on corn foliage; particularly com- through July, gravid females appear in July; mon in dry, grassy areas, on compact substrates, overwinters either as larva or adult. often associated with smaller ants on which it General range: Almost transcontinental, not may prey. quite reaching the Pacific Coast. Northeast 548 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014

to Newfoundland, in Québec north to Lac Biology: Hides by day under plates of loose bark, St. Jean, across the southern prairie provinces can be caught under burlap bags on tree trunks north to Edmonton, Alberta, west to Vernon, and on sugar baits for moths; rarely caught on British Columbia, south along the Rocky the ground except in the spring, when it can Mountains to New Mexico, east of the moun- be found under leaf litter where it presumably tains, south to Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, overwinters. New York, and Connecticut. General range: An east-central North American Maine locality (1): Harpswell (MCZ). species. Northeast to Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, in Québec north to extreme south- Cymindis cribricollis Dejean (Plate 26) western region, from Lake Champlain and Habitat: Xerophilous, occurring in gravel pits, dry Chateaugay, to Lake Temiscamingue in the pastures, forest edges, drier parts of deciduous far west, in Ontario north to Petewawa and and coniferous forests (especially where there Grand Bend, north to Michigan and Minnesota, is minimal understory vegetation), and alpine northwest to North Dakota, west to Iowa, tundra. Missouri, and Arkansas, southwest to east Flight dynamics: Dimorphic, no flight records. Texas, south to the Gulf of Mexico and Florida. Biology: Gravid females appear from June to early Maine localities (8): Auburn (MFS), Belgrade August, teneral adults may be found from late (RENC), Bethel (CNC), Bridgton (MFS), Lovell June to late August. In late fall, this species (MFS), Madison (RENC), Ogunquit (CNC), is sometimes abundant under stones on south- Skowhegan (MFS). facing slopes; an autumn breeder, overwinters as both larvae and adults. Cymindis neglecta Haldeman (Plate 26) General range: A northern transcontinental spe- Habitat: Dry forest edges or openings in decid- cies with a southward extension in the Rocky uous and coniferous forests, sometimes on steep, Mountains. Northeast to extreme southern wooded slopes. Usually in leaf litter. Labrador and Newfoundland, in Québec north Flight dynamics: Dimorphic, estimated that only to Schefferville, in Ontario north to Cochrane, about 3% are macropterous. in Manitoba north to Gillam on the Nelson Biology: Teneral adults appear in early June, gravid River, in the Northwest Territories north to females in early July. In the Green Mountains Ft. Wrigley (63° N), northwest to Whitehorse of Vermont, found up to 500 m elevation. in the Yukon Territory, in British Columbia, General range: An east-central North American west to Vancouver Island, south to Oregon, species. Northeast to Nova Scotia and New Colorado, Arizona, and New Mexico; southern Brunswick, in Québec north to Lac St. Jean limit east of the Rockies is in South Dakota, and Lac Temiscamingue, in southern Manitoba Minnesota, Wisconsin, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Saskatchewan, with a very isolated north- New Jersey, and New York. In New York, lim- western record from Upper Hay River Post, in ited to the Adirondacks and nearby lowlands far northern Alberta; west to North Dakota, and high parts of the Allegheny Plateau. and Iowa, south to Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, and Maine localities (28): Anson (RENC), Belgrade Virginia. (RENC), Brookville (MCZ), Fairfield (RENC), Maine localities (6): Batchelders Grant Town- Garland (RENC), Gilead (CNC), Harpswell ship (RENC), Bethel (CNC), Gilead (CNC), (MCZ), Isle Au Haut (MCZ), Islesboro Monmouth (MFS), Mount Desert (PROC), (PVT), Kibby Township (MFS), Lee (RPWC), Winslow (RENC). Milbridge (RENC), Mount Desert (PROC), Mount Vernon (MFS), Nesourdnahunk Town- Cymindis pilosa Say (Plate 27) ship (CNC), Portland (MCZ), Rangeley (MCZ), Habitat: In dry open fields and on sterile sand and Sidney (RENC), Steuben (UVM), Sweden clay in sand and gravel pits. (CNC), T11 R10 WELS (MFS), T3 R8 WELS Flight dynamics: Dimorphic, a third of the popu- (MFS), T4 R10 WELS (CNC), T6 R11 WELS lation in New Hampshire is long-winged; in (UVM), Unity (RENC), Washburn (RENC), light trap records. Waterboro (RENC), Waterville (RENC). Biology: Gravid females appear in early to mid- August; overwinters as larva, teneral adults Cymindis limbata Dejean (Plate 26) appear in early June to mid-July. By day, hides Habitat: Arboreal species occurring most often in under stones, boards, or plant debris. deciduous forests, but also in pine forests. In General range: An east-central North American New Brunswick, sometimes common in drift species. Northeast to western Maine, in Québec material on sea beaches. along the St. Lawrence beyond Québec City to Flight dynamics: Fully winged, in light trap records. Kamouraska, in the Montreal area north to THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 549

Shawbridge; in Ontario north to Ottawa; north- the night when weather is warm. Adults visit west to Michigan, Wisconsin and Minnesota, the ground only to hibernate. west to North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, General range: A transcontinental species. North- and Kansas, southwest to Texas, south to the east to Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, in Gulf States including Georgia but not Florida. Québec north to Gaspé, Lac St. Jean and Abitibi, Maine locality (1): Fryeburg (RPWC). in Ontario north to Lake Nipigon, in Alberta north to Edmonton, in British Columbia north Cymindis platicollis (Say) (Plate 27) to Terrace and west to Vancouver Island, vir- Habitat: An arboreal species, said to favor sandy tually throughout the contiguous USA except regions. not yet recorded from Florida, Nevada, or Utah. Flight dynamics: Fully winged, no flight observa- Maine localities (52): Ashland (MFS), Auburn tions, but found in drift on Lake Erie. (MFS), Baileyville (MFS), Bar Harbor (PROC), Biology: Unknown. Bradley (MFS), Bridgton (MFS), Brunswick General range: An east-central North American (MFS), Bucksport (MFS), Charlotte (MFS), species. Northeast to southern Maine, in Québec Crystal (MFS), Dallas Plantation (MFS), at Mt. St. Gregoire and Iberville, southern Dedham (MFS), Dover-Foxcroft (MFS), Enfield Ontario, Michigan, and Wisconsin, west to (MFS), Frenchtown Township (MFS), Harrington Iowa, Oklahoma, and Texas, south to the Gulf (UVM), Herseytown Township (MFS), Kennebunk of Mexico and Florida. (MFS), Knox (MFS), Lebanon (UNH), Long Maine localities (2): Appleton (RPWC), Casco A Township (MFS), Marion Township (MFS), (PVT). Millinocket (MFS), Monmouth (MFS), Morrill (MFS), Mount Desert (PROC), Mount Vernon Cymindis unicolor Kirby (Plate 27) (MFS), Orono (MFS), Orrington (MFS), Habitat: Under flat stones in tundra zones. Perry (MFS), Phippsburg (RENC), Portage Flight dynamics: Vestigially winged, but few speci- Lake (MFS), Richardsontown Township mens have been examined. (MFS), Robbinston (MFS), Rome (RENC), Biology: Unknown. South Bristol (MFS), T11 R11 WELS (MFS), General range: A far northern species. Northeast T13 R8 WELS (MFS), T15 R6 WELS to the northern tip of Labrador and Québec, (MFS), T17 R4 WELS (MFS), T2 R10 north to Cornwallis Island, north to Aklavik WELS (MFS), T2 R4 WELS (MFS), T3 R11 near the mouth of the Mackenzie River, west WELS (MFS), T3 R7 WELS (MFS), T30 MD to the coast range of British Columbia, south in BPP (MFS), T4 Indian Purchase Township the Cascades and Sierra Nevada of California., (MFS), T4 R10 WELS (MFS), T8 R3 south in the Rockies to Colorado and Utah, WELS (MFS), TD R2 WELS (MFS), Town- south in Ontario to Thunder Bay, in Québec south ship C (MFS), Waterville (RENC). to the Straits of Belle Isle. Relict high-mountain populations in the Gaspé of Québec, the White Genus Axinopalpus Mountains of New Hampshire, and on Mt. Katahdin in Maine. Axinopalpus biplagiatus (Dejean) (Plate 10) Maine locality (1): Mt. Katahdin Township (CNC). Habitat: Hillsides and pastures in dry, open habitat, usually taken under stones, sometimes taken Subtribe Dromiusina on flowers. Genus Dromius Flight dynamics: Fully winged, taken at light traps. Biology: Sometimes gregarious (as many as Dromius piceus Dejean (Plate 28) 100 under one stone). Habitat: An arboreal species, occurring on both General range: Transcontinental. Northeast only to hardwoods and conifers. southern Maine, in Québec north to Montreal, Flight dynamics: Fully winged and a day flier; both along the St. Lawrence River to Québec City, flight observations and many light trap records. but not recorded from the eastern townships, Biology: Teneral adults appear in late August and in Ontario north to Ottawa, in southern early September. Eggs are laid in May and June Saskatchewan, Alberta and British Columbia, on tree trunks. Each egg is laid in a depression west to Vancouver Island. Also found in in the bark and is covered with fragments of Washington, Oregon, and California, south algae and bark which the female has pre- to Arizona and New Mexico, in the central viously gathered and carried on the end of plains south to Kansas and Missouri, in the its abdomen. The larva is present from June to east, south to Alabama and Florida. September. The adult is a tree climber found by Maine localities (2): Monmouth (CNC), York day beneath flakes of bark. It is active early in (PVT). 550 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014

Genus Apristus Genus Syntomus

Apristus latens (LeConte) (Plate 10) Syntomus americanus (Dejean) (Plate 45) Habitat: On dry sand with little or no vegetation, Habitat: Bare soil, gardens, fields, lawns, pastures, not necessarily near water; often on lakeshore roadsides, gravel pits, among grassy tufts or sand dunes. on mosses on rock ledges, in worn sunny spots Flight dynamics: Fully winged, apparently no in forests, among tundra vegetation, especially flight records. dry heaths. Biology: Unknown. Flight dynamics: Wings dimorphic, no light trap General range: Predominantly a Great Plains records but the macropterous form has been species with some eastern records. Northeast taken on lakeshore drift material. to Cape Breton and New Brunswick, near Biology: This is a diurnal species often seen run- Hull, Québec, Point Pelee in Ontario, north ning over bare ground; teneral adults appear to Manitoba, northwest to Montana, west to in August to early September; overwinters as Colorado and New Mexico, south to Texas, an adult. Alabama. Isolated records from Massachusetts, General range: A transcontinental species. North- Maryland, and Virginia. east to Newfoundland and Labrador, in Québec Maine localities (1): T3 R8 WELS (MFS). north to James Bay, in Ontario north to Lake Nipigon, in the Northwest Territories north Apristus subsulcatus (Dejean) (Plate 10) to Yellowknife, in Alaska north to Circle Habitat: In dry, gravel and sand along rivers and and west to Denali National Park, in British lakes, sometimes in gravel (with or without Columbia west to Vancouver Island, south into sand) away from water bodies. Washington and Oregon, Utah, and Arizona, Flight dynamics: Fully winged, flight has been east to New Mexico and Texas; farther east observed, but this species has not been taken south only to Nebraska, Iowa, Illinois, Ohio, at light traps. Pennsylvania, and Virginia. Biology: Teneral adults appear in August; the spe- Maine localities (34): Alfred (RENC, RPWC), cies is at least partly diurnal. Augusta (UNH), Bar Harbor (PROC), Belgrade General range: An eastern mid-latitude species. (RENC), Carrabassett Valley (PVT), Columbia Northeast to Cape Breton Island and New Falls (CNC), Deer Isle (RENC), Dennysville Brunswick, in Québec north to Rimouski, in (MFS), Fairfield (RENC), Fryeburg (RPWC), Ontario north to Ottawa, northwest to Michigan, Gilead (RENC), Isleboro (PVT), Kibby Town- west to Wisconsin and Illinois, south to Indiana, ship (MFS), Lebanon (UNH), Lewiston (MFS, Ohio, and Virginia. UVM), Lubec (RENC), Lyman (RENC), Maine localities (6): Anson (CNC), Columbia Falls Mayfield Township (RENC), Moscow (CNC), Northeast Carry Township (RPWC), (RENC), Parsonsfield (CNC), Prentiss Town- Skowhegan (RENC), T10 R7 WELS (MFS), ship T4 R4 (MFS), Riley Township (UVM), T3 R8 WELS (MFS). Rockport (MFS), Salem Township (RENC), Sanford (RPWC), Smithfield (RENC), Steuben Genus Microlestes (UVM), T2 R4 WELS (CNC),T2 R9 WELS (MFS), T3 R8 WELS (MFS), T6 R11 WELS Microlestes linearis (LeConte) (Plate 35) (UVM), Topsham (RENC), Waterboro (RENC), Habitat: Under stones in dry, open fields. Waterville (RENC). Flight dynamics: Dimorphic, no flight records. Biology: Observed active by day in dry soil, hiber- Subtribe Lebiina nates as adult. Genus Lebia General range: A northern transcontinental spe- cies, absent from southeastern states. North- Lebia atriventris Say (Plate 33) east to Nova Scotia, in Québec north to Lac Habitat: Forest edges and clearings, hedgerows, Megantic and Labelle, near Mt. Tremblant, on bushes. north to Brandon, Manitoba, in Saskatchewan Flight dynamics: Fully winged, frequent flier, light north to Battleford, west to the Pacific Ocean trap records. in British Columbia, Washington, Oregon and Biology: The larva is a parasitoid on the pupa California, south to Arizona, Colorado, North of the leaf beetle Zygogramma suturalis F. Dakota, Arkansas, Illinois, Ohio, Pennsylvania, (Chrysomelidae), which feeds on goldenrod and Virginia. and ragweed. The adult L. atriventris is also Maine localities (2): Bristol (CNC), Columbia found on these plants. Gravid females may be Falls (RENC). encountered in mid-June. THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 551

General range: An eastern central species. North- east to southern Ontario and southern Québec east to central Maine, in Québec north to (Rigaud), from central Maine, New Hampshire, Kamouraska Co. and Lac St. Jean, in Ontario and Vermont, south to Georgia and Mississippi. north to Ottawa and Grand Bend on Lake Maine locality (1): Mount Vernon (MFS). Huron, northwest to Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, west to Billings, Montana, eastern Nebraska, Lebia lobulata LeConte (record from Majka Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, and eastern New et al. (2011)) (Plate 34) Mexico, south to Mexico and the Gulf Coast Habitat: Dryish ground in open fields or discon- but absent from Florida Peninsula. tinuous forest. Maine localities (6): Augusta (UNH), Monmouth Flight dynamics: Fully winged; occasionally (UNH), Mount Vernon (MFS), Paris (CNC), attracted to artificial lights at night South Berwick (MFS), Vassalboro (UNH). Biology: Overwinter as adults, which may be found on a year-round basis. Egg-laying seasonality Lebia fuscata Dejean (Plate 33) apparently not known. Habitat: Forest edges and clearings, sand pits. General range: In the East, from Florida west to Flight dynamics: Fully winged, day flier, light trap Texas, north to Pennsylvania, Ontario, New records at dusk. York, and Maine. Biology: Host unknown. Maine localities (1): Cherryfield (PVT). General range: A nearly transcontinental species but absent from the Great Plains and the Lebia moesta LeConte (Plate 34) southwest. Northeast to Nova Scotia and New Habitat: Forest edges and clearings. Brunswick, in Québec north to Témiscouata, Flight dynamics: Fully winged, no flight records. Lac St. Jean, and Abitibi, in Ontario north to Biology: Common on goldenrod in the fall. Sudbury, north to southern Manitoba. Eastern General range: A northern transcontinental spe- population west to Minnesota, eastern Nebraska, cies. Northeast to Labrador, in Québec north Kansas, eastern Texas, south to the Gulf of to Abitibi district, in Ontario north to Lake Mexico and to the Florida Keys. There is also Nipigon, in Saskatchewan north to Swift Cur- a western population from southwestern British rent, in Alberta north to McMurray, in British Columbia including Vancouver Island, western Columbia north only to Salmon Arm, west to Washington, Oregon, and California south to Vancouver Island, south to western Washington, Santa Cruz County, as well as an isolated record Idaho, Montana, Minnesota, Illinois, Michigan, from the Bear Paw Mountains of Montana. New Jersey, New York, and Rhode Island. Maine localities (27): Amherst (MFS), Augusta Maine localities (7): Bar Harbor (PROC), Mount (UNH), Bar Harbor (PROC), Belgrade (RENC), Desert (PROC), Northport (RPWC), Orono Castine (MFS), Eddington (MFS), Enfield (MFS), Sidney (RENC), T14 R6 WELS (MFS), (MFS), Fairfield (RENC), Greenville (MFS), Waterville (RENC). Jim Pond Township (MFS), Kennebunk (MFS), Lincoln (UNH), Mapleton (MFS), Lebia ornata Say (Plate 34) Mariaville (MFS), Mount Vernon (MFS, RPWC), Habitat: Common on goldenrod along fence rows, New Canada (MFS), Oxbow Plantation fields, and forest edges. (MFS), Smithfield (RENC), South Berwick Flight dynamics: Fully winged, common at light (MFS), Squapan Township (MFS), T32 traps. MD (MFS), Topsfield (MFS), Warren (MFS), Biology: Teneral adults appear in late September; Waterville (RENC), Winthrop (MFS), Woodland host unknown. (UNH). General range: An eastern and central species. Northeast to Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, Lebia grandis Hentz (Plate 33) in Québec to Saguenay and Lac St. Jean, Habitat: Mostly agricultural lands, suburban land- northwest to Duluth, Minnesota, west to South scapes. Adults may be found in late summer in Dakota, Nebraska, and Kansas, southwest to the flowers of goldenrod. Victoria, Texas, south to Gulf of Mexico and Flight dynamics: Fully winged, in light trap records. in Florida to the Myakka River. Biology: Believed to be principally a parasitoid Maine localities (6): Bar Harbor (PROC), Biddeford of the , Leptinotarsa (PVT), Lebanon (UNH), Mount Vernon (MFS, decemlineata (Say) (Chrysomelidae), but likely RENC), Naples (CNC), Orrington (RENC). attacks related hosts as well. General range: Pronouncedly eastern, ranging west Lebia pumila Dejean (Plate 34) to western Texas and south into Mexico, north Habitat: Forest edges and clearings, on goldenrod through Kansas and Nebraska to South Dakota, in the fall, also running on clay soil with lichens, 552 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014

or under dead leaves beneath alders (Alnus spp.; Minnesota, southwest to Iowa, Arkansas, Texas, Betulaceae). south to the Gulf Coast and the Florida Peninsula Flight dynamics: Fully winged, in light trap records, to Tampa. day flier. Maine localities (5): Augusta (UNH), Brunswick Biology: Gravid females occur in late June, may (MFS), Lebanon (UNH), Lewiston (MFS), be found abundant on flowers of Origanum Mount Vernon (MFS). vulgare L. (Lamiaceae) in July and early August. General range: An eastern and central species Lebia viridipennis Dejean (Plate 34) with an isolated population in Puget Sound, Habitat: Unknown. One specimen from Maine was Washington. Northeast to Nova Scotia and collected from leaf litter in an alder swamp. New Brunswick, in Québec north to Lac St. Jean Flight dynamics: Fully winged, in light trap records. and Abitibi, in Ontario north to James Bay, Biology: Unknown. north to vicinity of Prince Albert, Saskatchewan, General range: An eastern and central species, northwest to Medicine Hat, Alberta, west to found from Maine in the northeast, west western South Dakota and Kansas, south to through New Hampshire, Vermont, and south- Brownsville, Texas, to the Gulf of Mexico and ern Ontario to Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and the Florida Peninsula, south to Fort Myers; an North Dakota, south through Nebraska and isolated western population at Hope, in south- eastern Colorado to Texas and the Gulf Coast, western British Columbia, and southwards in eastwards to Florida. Washington to Olympia. Maine localities (2): Mount Vernon (MFS), Sanford Maine localities (10): Augusta (UNH), Bar (RPWC). Harbor (PROC), Columbia Falls (CNC), Gilead (UNH), Grafton Township (UNH), Hiram (CNC), Mount Vernon (RENC), South- Lebia viridis Say (Plate 34) west Harbor (PROC), T3 R11 WELS (RENC), Habitat: Forest edges, open fields, and shrubs. Weld (CNC). Often found on flowers in the fall. Flight dynamics: Fully winged, day flight obser- vations, in light trap records. Lebia solea Hentz (Plate 34) Biology: Teneral adults appear in September, Habitat: Forest edges and clearings, also in dense common on goldenrod flowers and under the weeds in gardens. roots, also reported from strawberry flowers and Flight dynamics: Fully winged, day flier, frequent evening primrose (Oenothera L.; Onagraceae) at light traps. and shrub alders (Alnus rugosa (Du Roi) Biology: Common on goldenrod flowers, has been Spreng.); probable host is green flea beetles found on leaves of field corn. Host unknown. (Altica Geoffroy). Overwinters as adults in leaf General range: An eastern central species. North- litter in deciduous forests. east to Nova Scotia, in Québec north to Troix General range: A transcontinental species. North- Rivieres and to Lake Nominingue, in southern east to Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, in Manitoba and Saskatchewan, west to Swift Québec north to Gaspé and Abitibi, in Ontario Current, west to central North Dakota, extreme north to Sudbury, in southern Manitoba and eastern Colorado and the eastern third of Texas, Saskatchewan, in the Northwest Territories south to the Gulf of Mexico and Homestead in northtoFt.Simpson,inYukonatRampart southern Florida. House, north of the Arctic Circle, west to the Maine localities (6): Augusta (UNH), Fairfield Pacific Coast and British Columbia including (RENC), Lebanon (UNH), Mount Vernon Vancouver Island, west to Washington, Oregon, (MFS), Vassalboro (UNH), Waterville (PVT). California, south to Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Gulf Coast, and the Florida Peninsula. Lebia tricolor Say (Plate 34) Maine localities (39): Allagash (UNH), Auburn Habitat: Forest edges, clearings, open fields, and (RPWC), Augusta (MFS, RENC), Bar Harbor meadows, all elevations including the summit (PROC), Beaver Cove (RENC), Belgrade (RENC), of Mt. Washington, New Hampshire. Benton (MFS), China (CNC), Dedham (MFS), Flight dynamics: Fully winged, in light trap records. Enfield (MFS), Fairfield (RENC), Farmington Biology: Commonly found on goldenrod flowers; (UNH), Gardiner (CNC), Harrington (UVM), host unknown. Kennebunk (MFS), Lewiston (MFS), Marion General range: An eastern and central species. Township (MFS), Millinocket (MFS), Northeast to Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, Monmouth (RENC), Monson (MFS), in Québec north to Ile d’Orleans and Hull, south- Mount Vernon (MFS, RENC), Norway ern Ontario, west to Michigan. Wisconsin, (UNH), Oakland (RENC), Orrington (RENC), THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 553

Skowhegan (PVT), Smithfield (RENC), Sumner Subtribe Calleidina (CNC), T3 R11 WELS (RENC), T4 R10 Genus Calleida WELS (CNC), T8 R5 WELS (CNC), Topsfield (UNH), Topsham (MFS), Vassalboro (MFS), Calleida punctata LeConte (Plate 21) Vienna (RENC), Waldoboro (PVT), Waterboro Habitat: Among dense herbaceous plants, e.g., in (RENC), Waterville (RENC), Winslow (PVT), gardens or meadows, or among tall weeds in York (PVT). waste places, on roadsides. Flight dynamics: Fully winged, flight observations, Lebia vittata (F.) (Plate 34) day flier. Habitat: Gravel pits with willows and alders. Biology: Diurnal, a good climber, sometimes Flight dynamics: Fully winged, diurnal, light trap found on goldenrod. records. General range: An eastern species. Northeast to Biology: Host species is the flea beetle Disonycha Maine, in Québec north on the St. Lawrence alternata (Illiger) (Chrysomelidae). River to Port-au-Saumon, and to Hull on the General range: A transcontinental species. North- Ottawa River, northwest to southern Manitoba, east to Nova Scotia, in Québec north to Portneuf North and South Dakota, southwest to Texas, and Nominingue, in Manitoba north to Lake south to the Gulf of Mexico and Florida. Winnipeg, in Alberta north to Edmonton, Maine localities (17): Augusta (MFS), Baldwin west to the Pacific Coast in British Columbia, (CNC), Belgrade (RENC), Biddeford (MFS), Washington, Oregon, and California, south to Bowdoinham (PVT), China (CNC), Corinna Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, the Gulf Coast, (RENC), Fairfield (RENC), Lewiston (MFS), and Florida. Mount Vernon (MFS), Palermo (PVT), Maine localities (4): Bar Harbor (UVM), Mount Smithfield (RENC), Sumner (CNC), Unity Desert (PROC, UNH), Mount Vernon (MFS), (RENC), Waterville (RENC), Wilton (CNC), Washington (MFS). Winslow (PVT). 554 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 555 556 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 557 558 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 559 560 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 561 562 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 563 564 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 565 566 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 567 568 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 569 570 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 571 572 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 573 574 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 575 576 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 577 578 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 579 580 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 581 582 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 583 584 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 585 586 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 587 588 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 589 590 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 591 592 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 593 594 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 595 596 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 597 598 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 68(3), 2014 599