F.No.11 10/2014 IA III dated 12th March, 2015 Development of Jetty for Captive and Third Party Cargo (10.0 MTPA) at Nate Village, Rajapur Taluka, Ratnagiri District, Maharashtra EIA EMP Report submitted for Public Consultation Project Proponent:
M/s I Log Ports Pvt Ltd Vishwakarma 86C, Topsia Road (South). Kolkata 700046 Ph: +91 33 66027734. Fax: +91 33 22857542 / 8501. E mail: [email protected] Environmental Consultant:
Bhagavathi Ana Labs Pvt. Limited (A Bureau Veritas Group Company) NABET/EIA/1619/RA0049 7 2 C 14, Industrial Estate, Sanathnagar, Hyderabad 500018 040 – 23811535 /1545 / 0505 September 2018
EIA & EMP for Development of Jetty for Captive & Third Party Cargo of 10 MTPA capacity near Nate village, Rajapur taluka, Ratnagiri district, Maharashtra by M/s I Log Ports Pvt Ltd Declaration from Consultants
Environmental Impact Assessment Report Development of Jetty for Captive and Third Party Cargo of 10.0 MTPA capacity Nate village, Rajapur Tal uka, Ratnagiri District, Maharashtra M/s I Log Ports Pvt Ltd Document Reference: BALLEN2013116. Revision: Rev01D, Dated 26 /0 9/2018 Copyright Bureau Veritas India Pvt. Ltd. All rights reserved.
EIA & EMP for Development of Jetty for Captive & Third Party Cargo of 10 MTPA capacity near Nate village, Rajapur taluka, Ratnagiri district, Maharashtra by M/s I Log Ports Pvt Ltd Abbrevations
ABBREVATIONS
MTPA Million Tons per Anum ILPPL Ilog Port Private Limited EIA Environment Impact Assessment EAC Expert Appraisal Committee MSEDCL Maharashtra State Electricity Distribution Company Limited MSL Mean Sea Level ESA Environmentally Sensitive Area IRS Institute of Remote Sensing CRZ Coastal regulatory Zone MOEF&CC Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change CPCB Central Pollution Control Board MSPCB Maharastra State Pollution Control Board CSR Corporate Social Responsibility EC Environment Clearance MoU Memorandum of Understanding MMB Maharastra Maritime Board BALPL Bhagavathi ana Labs Private Limited ToR Terms of Reference IMD India Meteorological Department PM Particulate Matter CO Carbon monoxide VOC Volatile Organic Carbon HC Hydrocarbons ICMAM Integrated Coastal and Marine Area Management INCOIS Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services PP Project Proponent HTL High Tide Level LTL Low Tide Level DMP Disaster Management Plan MSEDCL Maharashtra State Electricity Distribution Company Limited KV Kilovatt EPS Environmental Protection Safety
Bhagavathi Ana Labs Pvt. Ltd. (a Bureau Veritas Group Company) BALLEN2013116 Rev. 01D 7 EIA & EMP for Development of Jetty for Captive & Third Party Cargo of 10 MTPA capacity near Nate village, Rajapur taluka, Ratnagiri district, Maharashtra by M/s I Log Ports Pvt Ltd Executive Summary
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1.0 Introduction
M/s I LOG Ports Private Limited (ILPPL), an initiative of SREI Infrastructure Finance Limited, Calcutta, has proposed to develop a jetty at Nate village in Rajapur Taluka of Ratnagiri District, Maharashtra. The proposal is for developing a Jetty for captive and third party cargo in phases. In the Phase I the handling capacity of cargo is 5.0 MTPA and ultimate capacity is about 10.0 MTPA during Phase II. The estimated initial project cost is Rs. 135 Crores excluding cost of land.
The project proposal was considered by Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC) of MoEF&CC, New Delhi for Infrastructure Development and Miscellaneous Projects & CRZ during the meeting held on 28th January, 2015 Vide Proposal number IA/MIS/MH/23794/2014.The approved TOR was issued vide letter reference no.F.No.11-10/2014-IA-III dated 12th March 2015, ToR Extension dated 22nd March 2018 and ToR Ammendment dated 31st August 2018. The proposed project is classified as”7E” type “A” category as per the EIA Notification dated 14/09/2006. Subsequently, due to changes in business scenario in the country and region, in keeping paradigm the company felt that it would be beneficial to all the stake holders to shift focus to clean cargoes and cleaner fuels. Consequently the project proponent likes to develop the port by aligning the cargo profile with the changed philosophy. Now it is proposed to set up industrial cluster which would use the following cargoes.
Fertilizer, Sugar, Bauxite, coal, Iron ore, cement, cement clinker, gypsum, rock phosphate, steel, steel structures, engineering goods, Crude Palm oil, Refined Edible oils etc, Petroleum products, Petrochemicals, Chemicals, Bulk & break bulk solids including containers, Liquefied Hydrocarbon gases like LPG, LNG etc.
Phase I: Quantity Total 5.0 MTPA Solid: 1.25 MTPA; Liquid: 1.25 MTPA, Gas: 2.5 MTPA
Completion of Phase II: Quantity: Total 10.0 MTPA Solid: 2.5 MTPA; Liquid: 2.5 MTPA, Gas: 5.0 MTPA
Accordingly, ILOG Ports has submitted application for amendment in TOR and the same has beem approved by Ministry of Environment, Forests & Climate Change Vide Minutes of 32nd Meeting of Expert Appraisal Committee (Infra -2) held on 2 – 4th July 2018
2.0 Brief Description of the Project
The proposed project will be set up in an area of 100 ha in first Phase and the total area will be 428.515 ha on completion of the project. Directorate of Industry has accorded approval for purchase of land for development of proposed Port project as per the Maharashtra Industrial Development Policy.
The construction of the project facilities will be implemented in four phases as described below: . Phase-1: One berth and storage area for bulk cargo using fair weather operations along with part dredging/reclamation. . Phase-2: South breakwater about 500 m long . Phase-3: South breakwater extension by about 500 m . Phase-4: Additional berths for handling bulk and general cargo and with additional storage area constructed about 700m away from shoreline.
Bhagavathi Ana Labs Pvt. Ltd. (a Bureau Veritas Group Company) BALLEN2013116 Rev. 01D 8 EIA & EMP for Development of Jetty for Captive & Third Party Cargo of 10 MTPA capacity near Nate village, Rajapur taluka, Ratnagiri district, Maharashtra by M/s I Log Ports Pvt Ltd Executive Summary
SALIENT FEATURES OF THE PROPOSED JETTY
S.No. Features Details
1 1 Projected Throughput Phase-I: 5.0 MTPA Ultimate capacity 10.0 MTPA.
2 2 Minimum width of 200 m entrance channel 3 3 Design ship size 80,000 DWT vessels 4 4 Break water About 1,000 m long breakwater on south side in 2nd phase 5 5 Berth length and width 250 m long and 40 wide 6 6 Turning circle depth -15m 7 7 Turning circle 600 m diameter 8 8 Storage area and area About 100 ha excluding area developed through for Jetty based reclamation industries 9 9 Berth Plan One Off shore jetty in Phase-1 and 2 additional berths subsequently. 10 10 Back-up land area Phase I 100 ha requirement for On completion of the project 428.515 ha utilities 11 11 Facilities Site development, utilities and administrative building 12 12 Estimated project cost Initial estimated cost Rs. 135 Crores excluding cost of land for Phase I 13 13 Water requirement 140 m3 per day from State Water Board (Jeevan Pradhikaran) 14 14 Power Requirement Phase -1 0.9MW ultimate requirement 2MW Source : Maharashtra State Electricity Distribution Company Limited (MSEDCL) 15 15 Employment During construction phase - direct employment is 20, Generation indirect employment is 200
During Operational phase - direct employment is 50, indirect employment is 300 16 16 Green belt 33% of the project area for greenbelt development The berth will be constructed about 700 m away from shore line.
The construction and operation stages of the project are as follows. . Piling for construction of jetty. . Reclamation for operational area. . Construction of approach road. . Loading/ unloading of dry bulk cargo, sugar, liquid cargo etc. . Stacking of dry bulk cargo, sugar, storage of liquid cargo etc. . Transportation of dry bulk cargo, sugar, liquid cargo etc.
3.0 Environmental Setting within 10km’s of the Proposed Site
The environmental setting around 10-km radius of the proposed project site is described below:
ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT SITE S.No Item Details 1 Project Development of Jetty for Captive & Third Party Cargo of 10.0 MTPA Capacity
Bhagavathi Ana Labs Pvt. Ltd. (a Bureau Veritas Group Company) BALLEN2013116 Rev. 01D 9 EIA & EMP for Development of Jetty for Captive & Third Party Cargo of 10 MTPA capacity near Nate village, Rajapur taluka, Ratnagiri district, Maharashtra by M/s I Log Ports Pvt Ltd Executive Summary
S.No Item Details 2 Cargo handling capacity 10.5 MTPA 3 Location details Villages : Nate Tehsil : Rajapur District : Ratnagiri State : Maharashtra The site lies in southern part of Ratnagiri District of coastal Konkan division 4 Proposed Area 428.515 Ha 5 Screening category 7E - “A” 6 Cost of the project Rs 135 Crores excluding cost of land 7 Geographical Coordinates Latitude Longitude 16038’54”N - 16039’30” N 73019’45” E-73020’00” E 8 Present elevation of site 26-28 m above MSL 9 Nearest highway State Highway-4 runs at a distance of 4 km, ESE from the project site 10 Nearest railway station Rajapur Railway station is at a distance of about 20 km from the site on Konkan Railway line 11 Nearest Airport Ratnagiri (40 km, N) Mumbai (370 km, NNE) 12 Nearest major water bodies Arabian sea (adjacent), Arjuna river (3.5 km, SSE) Nate Creek 13 Nearest town/city/village The nearest village is Ambolgadh at a distance of 1 (Densely populated areas) km from the proposed port and densely populated city is Ratnagiri which is about 40 kms aerial distance from the project site. 14 Hills/valleys None 15 Protected areas as per No Protected areas as per Wildlife Protection Act, Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 however Bharade village (4.5 km) is a Western (Tiger reserve, Elephant Ghats-Environmentally Sensitive Area (ESA) as reserve, Biospheres, per the MoEF Letter Ref No: F.NO.1-4/2012 - RE National parks, Wildlife (Pt.) / dated 13.11.2013, sanctuaries, community reserves and conservation reserves) 16 Seismicity Zone-III (as per IS-1983, Part I: 2002)
4.0 Locational Advantage of the Project
The proposed project location near Nate village is well suited for setting up the infrastructural facilities proposed on the basis of following advantages: . The site has tangible Oceanographic advantages and Tranquil area for smooth Operations . Well connected by Road and Rail . Deep water located within 2-3 Km from the shore thereby reducing dredging. . Site consists of barren land and no plantation . No settlement and no rehabilitation required. . No industry is located within 25 kms from the proposed project site. . Located near to Kolhapur (Sangli & Satara) sugar and industrial corridor and the nearest port interface to Ratnagiri, Kolhapur & Belgaum belts and further up to Sholapur and Karim nagar . Significant potential for cargo movement for both agri & industrial products
5.0 Description of the Environment
Study Area: 10KM’s radius of the project site. Study Period: Premonsoon 2015 and Premonsoon 2018
Bhagavathi Ana Labs Pvt. Ltd. (a Bureau Veritas Group Company) BALLEN2013116 Rev. 01D 10 EIA & EMP for Development of Jetty for Captive & Third Party Cargo of 10 MTPA capacity near Nate village, Rajapur taluka, Ratnagiri district, Maharashtra by M/s I Log Ports Pvt Ltd Executive Summary
5.1 Meteorology
Premonsoon Wind Speed 2.1-3.6 Wind Direction NW Temperature 43.8-25.6 °C Relative Humidity 86%
5.2 Ambient Air Quality
The baseline data survey for Ambient Air Quality in the study area has been carried out by selecting 8 monitoring stations. The details ambient air quality is given below
Summary of Ambient Air Quality in the Study Period 98% Range (µg/m3) Season PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOX CO O3 Pb NH3 Premonsoon 51-58.5 18.8-21.5 11.4- 17- <0.01 18.6- <0.01 23.6- 2015 12.5 18.3 21.2 28.3 Premonsoon 47.8- 18.2-22.5 10.7- 15.0- 3.2- 16.1- <0.01 20.0- 2018 54.0 17.0 24.6 5.2 24.1 25.2 NAAQ Standards 100 60 80 80 24 100 1.0 400 Annual/24 Hr
5.3 Ambient Noise Level
From the results it can be seen that the Day equivalents and the Night equivalents were within the Ambient Noise standards of residential areas standards.
N1 N2 N3 N4 N5 N6 N7 N8 N9 N10 Min 34.2 35.2 33.8 36.1 37.1 36.5 36.7 36.9 37.0 34.2 Max 52.1 53.0 48.9 49.7 50.3 50.1 51.2 51.4 51.2 52.1 Ld 46.6 47.2 45.2 46.0 46.1 46.2 46.7 47.3 47.8 46.6 Ln 43.8 42.6 43.9 44.6 44.2 43.8 44.6 41.9 48.9 46.2 CPCB Standards 75/70 Day 55 dB(A) and Night 45 dB(A) Day/night
5.4 Water Environment
8 ground and 6 surface water samples were collected from the study area to assess the water quality during the study period The ground water quality is observed to be within the permissible limits as per the drinking water standards (IS: 10500). The surface water quality is typically representing the marine water quality.
5.5 Soil Quality
Seven number of soil samples were collected from core zone and buffer zone area. . The pH values of the soil samples collected were in the range of 6.2 – 7.8 . Water holding capacity is in the range of 39– 55% . Organic matter % in the range of 3.9 – 5.3 mg/l . The nutrients like N, P and K are in moderate concentration in all the samples
5.6 Land Use
In the study area. Waste land – 39 %
Bhagavathi Ana Labs Pvt. Ltd. (a Bureau Veritas Group Company) BALLEN2013116 Rev. 01D 11 EIA & EMP for Development of Jetty for Captive & Third Party Cargo of 10 MTPA capacity near Nate village, Rajapur taluka, Ratnagiri district, Maharashtra by M/s I Log Ports Pvt Ltd Executive Summary
Water bodies – 48.75 % Agricultural land – 10 % Forest land - Nil
5.7 Biological Environment
Study area encompasses diverse habitats which supports various species of birds, reptiles, mammals and also many invertebrate species also.
Study area recorded with 102 bird species from different habitats during study period. Most of the species falls under schedule-IV as per IWPA, 1972 while some species like Indian- Pied Hornbill, Spotted Owlet, White-Bellied Sea Eagle and Indian Peafowl are categorized as a schedule-I as per WPA-1972
5.8 Socio-Economic Environment
There are about 57 villages in the study area. Total population – 34472 Males – 15646, Females – 18826 Male to Female ratio – 1000 : 831 Male Literacy Rate - 36.6% Female Literacy Rate - 35.9% Cultivators – 6012 Agricultural Labour – 4971 House Hold Workers – 383 Other Workers – 4640 Total Main Workers – 10146 Total Marginal Workers – 5860 Total Non Workers – 18466 SC Population - 1.1% ST Population - 0.3%
5.9 CRZ Area
The Jetty falls under CRZ areas IB, III & IVA. The LTL, HTL. CRZ Zoning map is prepared by Institute of Remote Sensing (IRS), Anna University, Chennai, TN.
6.0 Impacts During Construction & Operation Phase and Management Plan
Discipline Potential Impacts Probable Source Mitigative Measures Impact during construction phase Water Increase in Loose soil at Landscaping and extensive Quality suspended solids construction site plantation will be done. due to soil run-off during heavy rains Air Quality Increase in dust and Levelling activity Sprinkling of water on the NOx concentration and Heavy construction area vehicular unpaved roads movement Proper maintenance of vehicles Noise Increase in noise Construction Equipment will be kept in level equipment good condition to keep the noise level within 90 dB(A). Workers will be provided necessary protective
Bhagavathi Ana Labs Pvt. Ltd. (a Bureau Veritas Group Company) BALLEN2013116 Rev. 01D 12 EIA & EMP for Development of Jetty for Captive & Third Party Cargo of 10 MTPA capacity near Nate village, Rajapur taluka, Ratnagiri district, Maharashtra by M/s I Log Ports Pvt Ltd Executive Summary
Discipline Potential Impacts Probable Source Mitigative Measures equipment e.g. ear plug, earmuffs Terrestrial Clearing of Soil enabling Landscaping and extensive Ecology Vegetation activities plantation will be done. Marine Disturbance of biota Development of Regular monitoring of the ecology and water quality breakwater turbidity and sediment structures, concentration may be dredging of carried by water sampling channel No R&R issues. Impact during Operation phase Water Deterioration of Discharge from Quality surface water various units quality Ecology a. Terrestrial Impact on flora and Emissions fauna b. Aquatic Impact on benthic Treated waste The wastewater will be and meio fauna water from Jetty provided with adequate operations treatment, and will be used for Horticulture purposes. Noise Increase in noise Equipment and Equipment will be designed levels in the Jetty auxiliaries. to conform to noise levels area. prescribed by regulatory agencies. Provision of green belt and plantation would further help in attenuating noise. Employees working in high noise areas would be provided earplugs/ earmuffs as protective device. Demography Strain on existing Influx of people for Local population will be and Socio- amenities like proposed Jetty given preference for economics housing, water employment. sources and Additional infrastructure sanitation, medical facilities will be developed and infrastructure by the project proponent. facilities.
7.0 Expenditure of Environmental Measures
. Cost of environmental Protection Measures - Rs. 7 Crores. . Post project monitoring will be carried out as per the Guidelines provided by MOEF&CC, CPCB and MSPCB
8.0 Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
ILPPL through its Corporate Social Responsibility will endeavor to develop the social infrastructure and enhance the quality of life of communities in the villages located around the proposed site. As far as CSR data is concerned, ILPPL keeps a provision of about 2% for CSR Health facilities in the port area will be open for villages Developmental activities for Fishermen Community School development Skill development for the local villagers
Bhagavathi Ana Labs Pvt. Ltd. (a Bureau Veritas Group Company) BALLEN2013116 Rev. 01D 13 EIA & EMP for Development of Jetty for Captive & Third Party Cargo of 10 MTPA capacity near Nate village, Rajapur taluka, Ratnagiri district, Maharashtra by M/s I Log Ports Pvt Ltd Contents
CONTENTS DECLARATION 3 DECLARATION BY THE HEAD OF THE ACCREDITED CONSULTANT ORGANIZATION/ AUTHORIZED PERSON 5 REVIEW AND REVISION HISTORY 6 ABBREVATIONS 7 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 8 CONTENTS 14 LIST OF TABLES 20
1.0 INTRODUCTION 22 1.1 Preamble ...... 22 1.2 Purpose of the Report ...... 22 1.3 Identification of Project ...... 22 1.4 Brief Description of the Project ...... 23 1.5 Location of the Project ...... 23 1.6 Description of the Project Site ...... 24 1.7 Importance of the Project ...... 25 1.8 Scope of the Study ...... 25 1.9 Study Area for EIA ...... 29 1.10 Methodology of the Study ...... 30 1.11 Compliance to Terms of Reference Stipulated by MoEF ...... 31
2.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 36 2.1 Preamble ...... 36 2.2 Type of the Project ...... 36 2.3 Project Location Details ...... 36 2.3.1 Existing Terrain Features 36 2.3.2 Land Use Details 36 2.3.3 Locational advantage of the project 40 2.3.4 Traffic Projection 41 2.3.5 Description of the Proposed Captive and Third Party Cargo Handling Project 41 2.4 Type of commodity to be handled ...... 42 2.5 Proposed number of berths ...... 42 2.6 Cargo handling machinery ...... 42 2.7 Navigation ...... 42 2.7.1 Firefighting equipment 42 2.7.2 Approach channel dimensions 42 2.7.3 Port crafts 43 2.7.4 Electric supply 43 2.7.5 Communication 43 2.7.6 Employment Generation (Direct and Indirect) due to the Project 43 2.7.7 Drainage & Sewerage System 43 2.7.8 Roads & Railways: 44 2.7.9 Pollution prevention equipment 44 2.8 Site development ...... 44 2.8.1 Breakwater 44 2.8.2 Marine structures/ berths 44 2.8.3 Water Requirement 45 2.8.4 Drainage and Sewerage System 47 2.8.5 Power Supply 48 2.8.6 Dredging 48 2.9 Traffic Density Assessment ...... 48 2.10 Project Schedule for Approval and Implementation ...... 49
3.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 51
Bhagavathi Ana Labs Pvt. Ltd. (a Bureau Veritas Group Company) BALLEN2013116 Rev. 01D 14 EIA & EMP for Development of Jetty for Captive & Third Party Cargo of 10 MTPA capacity near Nate village, Rajapur taluka, Ratnagiri district, Maharashtra by M/s I Log Ports Pvt Ltd Contents
3.1 Introduction ...... 51 3.2 Meteorology ...... 51 3.2.1 Methodology of Data Generation 52 3.2.2 Temperature 52 3.2.3 Relative Humidity 52 3.2.4 Wind Direction and Wind Speed 52 3.3 Ambient Air Quality ...... 53 3.3.1 Method of Analysis 53 3.3.2 Instruments used for Sampling 53 3.3.3 Instruments used for Analysis 55 3.3.4 Sampling and Analytical Techniques 55 3.3.5 Comparision of AAQ results 56 3.4 Noise Environment ...... 57 3.4.1 Noise Environment 57 3.5 Water Environment ...... 59 3.5.1 Surface Water 59 3.5.2 Ground Water Resources 62 3.7 Land Environment ...... 66 3.7.1 Land Use Pattern of the Project Area 66 3.7.2 Study Area 66 3.7.3 Soil Quality 68 3.7.4 Geology 73 3.8 Biological Environment ...... 78 3.8.1 Introduction 78 3.8.2 Objectives and Scope of the Work 78 3.8.3 Methodology for the Study of Flora and Fauna 79 3.8.4 Study / Survey Locations 79 3.8.5 Ecologically Sensitive Area (ESA) 79 3.8.6 Habitats of the project area 79 3.8.7 Marine / Coastal Habitats 81 3.8.8 Flora of the Study Area 82 3.8.9 Fauna of the Study Area 91 3.8.10 Coastal Ecology 96 3.9 Marine Environment ...... 102 3.10 Socio-Economic Environment ...... 104 3.10.1 Methodology adopted for the Study 104 3.10.2 Demography 104 3.10.3 Status of Literacy in the Study Area 105 3.10.4 Status of Occupation 106 3.10.5 Vulnerability Groups: 107 3.10.6 Basic Amenities 108 3.11 Occupational Health ...... 108 3.12 Environmental Sensitivity ...... 108
4.0 IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES 110 4.1 Project Location ...... 110 4.1.1 Potential Impact due to Jetty Location 110 4.1.2 Mitigation Measures for Project Location 111 4.1.3 Possible Accidents from Project 111 4.1.3.1 Possible Accidents or Hazards due to Project Activities 111 4.1.3.2 Impact Assessment due to Possible Accidents / Hazards from Project Activities 112 4.1.3.3 Management Plan to Mitigate Possible Accidents / Hazards from Project 112 4.2 Site Development, Construction and Development Phase ...... 112 4.2.1 Identification of Potential Impacts 112 4.2.1.1 Approach Roads and Access Ways 113 4.2.1.2 Land Reclamation & Land acquisition for Port facilities 113 4.2.1.3 Transport of person and Material 114
Bhagavathi Ana Labs Pvt. Ltd. (a Bureau Veritas Group Company) BALLEN2013116 Rev. 01D 15 EIA & EMP for Development of Jetty for Captive & Third Party Cargo of 10 MTPA capacity near Nate village, Rajapur taluka, Ratnagiri district, Maharashtra by M/s I Log Ports Pvt Ltd Contents
4.2.1.4 Construction of Jetty & Break waters 114 4.2.1.5 DG Set Operation 114 4.2.2 Assessment of Impacts during Construction Phase 116 4.2.2.1 Land Environment 116 4.2.2.2 Impact on Air Quality 117 4.2.2.3 Impact on Water Resources and Water Quality 128 4.2.2.4 Impact on Noise Levels 129 4.2.2.5 Impact on Terrestrial Ecology 130 4.2.2.6 Impact on Aquatic Ecology 132 4.2.2.7 Demography and Socio-Economics 133 4.2.3 Management Plan/Mitigation Measures during Construction Phase 134 4.2.3.1 Mitigation Measures for Land Environment 134 4.2.3.2 Site Preparation 134 4.2.3.3 Land Environment 135 4.2.3.4 Air Environment 136 4.2.3.5 Water Environment 136 4.2.3.6 Noise Environment 137 4.2.3.7 Biological Environment 137 4.2.3.8 Socio-Economic Environment 139 4.2.3.9 Mitigation Measures for Noise 141 4.2.3.10 Health and Safety 143 4.3 Operational Phase ...... 143 4.3.1 Potential Impact During Operations ...... 143 4.3.2 Impact on Land Use ...... 144 4.3.3 Impact on Soil ...... 144 4.3.4 Topography ...... 145 4.3.5 Summary of Impacts on Soil and Land Environment ...... 145 4.3.6 Material Handling System ...... 146 4.3.6.1 Transport Network ...... 146 4.3.7 Impact on Air Quality ...... 146 4.3.7.1 Traffic and Discharge ...... 153 4.3.8 Water Environment ...... 153 4.3.8.1 Impact on Water Quality Due to Material Operations ...... 155 4.3.8.2 Marine Environment (Coastal Hydrology / Bottom Contamination, Sea / Harbor Water Quality - ukmarinesac.org) ...... 156 4.3.9 Impact on Noise Levels...... 157 4.3.10 Social Impacts ...... 159 4.3.11 Management Plan for Air Environment ...... 159 4.3.12 Noise Environment Management ...... 160 4.3.13 Solid Waste Management ...... 161 4.3.14 Summary of Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation ...... 161
5.0 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES 165 5.1 Analysis of Alternative Project Site Location ...... 165 5.2 Locational Advantages ...... 166
6.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME 170 6.1 Implementation Schedule of Mitigation Measures 170 6.2 Environmental Monitoring Program for Jetty Activities 170 6.3 Environmental Monitoring Program 172
7.0 ADDITIONAL STUDIES 174 7.1 Hazardous Materials Management Plan and Disaster Management Plan (DMP) ..... 174 7.1.1 Definition 174 7.1.2 Scope 174 7.1.3 Objectives 175 7.1.4 Hazardous Materials Management 175
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7.2 Quantitative Risk Assessment ...... 177 7.2.1 Objective of QRA Study 177 7.2.2 Scope of Work 177 7.2.3 Consequence Analysis 178 7.2.4 Major Credible Accident Hazard Identification 178 7.2.5 Consequence Modelling 178 7.2.6 Results 183 7.2.7 Risk Evaluation 187 7.2.7.1 Risk Criteria 187 7.2.7.2 Individual Risk Criteria 188 7.2.7.3 Societal Risk (or Group Risk) Criteria 189 7.2.7.4 Risk Results 189 7.2.7.5 Recommendations 189 7.3 Formulation of DMP ...... 190 7.3.4 Details of Proposed Safety System 197 7.3.5 Recommendations for the Implementation of the Off-site Emergency Plan 197 7.3.6 Conclusion 197 7.4 Bathymetric & Contour Study ...... 197 7.5 Shoreline Study ...... 198 7.6 CRZ Study ...... 198
8.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 200 8.1 Components of EMP ...... 200 8.1.1 Land Environment 200 8.1.2 Water Environment 201 8.1.3 Marine Environment 204 8.1.4 Greenbelt Development 205 8.1.5 Air Emissions 207 8.1.6 Noise Pollution 208 8.1.7 Solid Waste Management 209 8.1.8 Socio- Cultural Impact 209 8.1.9 Spill Control Planning 209 8.1.10 Budgetary Allocation for Environment Protection 209 8.1.11 Environmental Management Cell 209
9.0 PROJECT BENEFITS 211
10.0 COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS 212
11.0 SUMMARY & CONCLUSION 213
12.0 DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS ENGAGED 219 12.1 Bhagavathi Ana Labs Private Limited ...... 219 12.2 References ...... 223
ANNEXURE I : TOR 224 ANNEXURE II : PERMISSION TO PURCHACE AGRICULTURAL LAND 234 ANNEXURE III : LEASE DEED 240 ANNEXURE IV- LAND USE PLAN 261 ANNEXURE V- SOCIO ECONOMIC DATA 262 ANNEXURE VI- MUMBAI HIGH COURT STAY ORDER 276 ANNEXURE VII- SEASONAL MONITORING DATA 281 ANNEXURE VIII- HTL LTL STUDY REPORT & CRZ MAP 293 ANNEXURE IX- BATHYMETRIC STUDY REPORT 302 ANNEXURE X- SHORELINE CHANGE STUDY REPORT 329
Bhagavathi Ana Labs Pvt. Ltd. (a Bureau Veritas Group Company) BALLEN2013116 Rev. 01D 17 EIA & EMP for Development of Jetty for Captive & Third Party Cargo of 10 MTPA capacity near Nate village, Rajapur taluka, Ratnagiri district, Maharashtra by M/s I Log Ports Pvt Ltd Contents
LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 : General Location Map of the Project Site ...... 26 Figure 2 : Study Area Map – Google (10 KM Radius) ...... 27 Figure 3 : Study Area Map – Topo Map (10 KM Radius) ...... 28 Figure 4 : Site Photographs ...... 29 Figure 5 : Village Survey Map ...... 37 Figure 6 : Jetty Layout Map ...... 37 Figure 7 : Contour Map ...... 38 Figure 8 : Drainage Map ...... 39 Figure 9 : Water Balance Diagram During Construction ...... 46 Figure 10 : Water Balance Diagram During Operation ...... 47 Figure 11 : Hinter Land Map ...... 48 Figure 12 : Road Map ...... 50 Figure 13 : Wind Rose Diagram Premonsoon Season ...... 53 Figure 14 : Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations ...... 54 Figure 15 : Comparitive Graphs of AAQ For Premonsoon 2015 & 2018 ...... 56 Figure 16 : Ambient Noise Monitoring Locations ...... 58 Figure 17 : Surface Water Sampling Locations ...... 60 Figure 18 : Ground Water Quality Monitoring Locations ...... 63 Figure 19 : Land Use Land Cover Map ...... 69 Figure 20 : Satellite Imagery ...... 70 Figure 21 : Soil Sampling Locations ...... 71 Figure 22 : Geology of the Study Area ...... 76 Figure 23 : Earthquake Hazard Map ...... 77 Figure 24 : Wind & Cyclone Hazard Map ...... 78 Figure 25 : Views of Proposed Project Site ...... 80 Figure 26 : Terrestrial Habitats ...... 81 Figure 27 : Coastal Habitats ...... 82 Figure 28 : Some Flora from Project Site ...... 83 Figure 29 : Some Flora from Buffer Zone ...... 91 FIGURE 30 : Faunal Evidences from Project Site ...... 91 Figure 31 : Interaction with Local People to Record Faunal Species...... 93 Figure 32 : Some Fauna of the Buffer Zone ...... 96 Figure 33 : Mangroves Observed At Various Places of Buffer Zone ...... 97 Figure 34 : Crabs from Coastal Areas ...... 98 Figure 35 : Sea Turtle Nest – Protected ...... 98 Figure 36 : Some Fishes from Study Area ...... 99 Figure 37 : Dry Fishe Sale in Market ...... 100 Figure 38 : Literacy Rate ...... 106 Figure 39 : Employment Pattern ...... 106 Figure 40 : Vulnerable Group ...... 107 Figure 41 : Historical Site Photographs ...... 109 Figure 42 : Sources - Construction Phase ...... 122 Figure 43 : Terrain Map of the Region ...... 123 Figure 44 : Isopleths of Sulphur Dioxide ...... 124 Figure 45 : Isopleths of Nitrogen Oxides ...... 125 Figure 46 : Isopleths of Particulate Matter ...... 126 Figure 47 : Isopleths of Carbon Dioxide ...... 127 Figure 48 : Sources - Operation Phase ...... 148 Figure 49 : Isopleths of Sulphur Dioxide ...... 149 Figure 50 : Isopleths of Nitrogen Oxides ...... 150 Figure 51 : Isopleths of Particulate Matter ...... 151 Figure 52 : Isopleths of Carbon Dioxide ...... 152 Figure 53 : Site 1 ...... 167 Figure 54 : Site 2 ...... 168 Figure 55 : Site - 3...... 169
Bhagavathi Ana Labs Pvt. Ltd. (a Bureau Veritas Group Company) BALLEN2013116 Rev. 01D 18 EIA & EMP for Development of Jetty for Captive & Third Party Cargo of 10 MTPA capacity near Nate village, Rajapur taluka, Ratnagiri district, Maharashtra by M/s I Log Ports Pvt Ltd Contents
Figure 56 : Layout Plan With Cargo Storage Facility ...... 176 Figure 57 : Causes of Accidents in Tank Farms...... 183 Figure 58 : Toxic Release for LNG Tanks ...... 184 Figure 59 : Flash Fire LNG Tanks ...... 184 Figure 60 : Jet Fire LNG Tanks ...... 185 Figure 61 : VCE LNG Tanks ...... 185 Figure 62 : Toxic Release For LPG Tanks ...... 185 Figure 63 : Jet Fire LPG Tanks ...... 186 Figure 64 : Flash Fire LPG Tanks ...... 186 Figure 65 : VCE LPG Tanks ...... 186 Figure 66 : Fish Bone Indicating Accident Prevention ...... 187 Figure 67 : Individual Risk Criteria ...... 188 Figure 68 : Bathymetric Chart and Contour Survey For Ilog Port ...... 198 Figure 69 : HTL LTL Demarcation for ILOG Port...... 199 Figure 70 : CRZ Boundaries For ILOG Port ...... 199 Figure 71 : Schematic Diagram of Sewage Water Treatment Plant ...... 203 Figure 72 : Organizational Structure of Environment Management ...... 210
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LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Environmental Setting of the Proposed Project Site ...... 24 Table 2: Environmental Attributes & Frequency of Monitoring ...... 30 Table 3: Compliance to Terms of Reference Stipulated by MoEF&CC ...... 31 Table 4: Landuse of Project Area ...... 40 Table 5: Salient Features of the Proposed Jetty ...... 41 Table 6: Water Requirement Details During Operation Phase ...... 46 Table 7: Project Implementation Schedule ...... 49 Table 8: Environmental Attributes & Frequency of Monitoring ...... 51 Table 9: Sensitivity of Meteorology Monitoring Station ...... 52 Table 10: Temperature in the Study Area ...... 52 Table 11: Relative Humidity in the Study Area ...... 52 Table 12: Instruments Used for Analysis of Samples ...... 55 Table 13: Details of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations ...... 55 Table 14: Summary of AAQ for Premonsoon Season (2015) (µg/M3) ...... 55 Table 15: Details of Noise Quality Monitoring Locations ...... 57 Table 16: Noise Levels During Premonsoon Season(2015) [Units: dB(A)] ...... 57 Table 17: Details of Surface Water Quality Sampling Stations ...... 59 Table 18: Surface Water Quality for Premonsoon Season (2015) ...... 61 Table 19: Details of Ground Water Quality Sampling Stations ...... 62 Table 20: Ground Water Quality Data for Premonsoon Season (2015) ...... 64 Table 21: Present Land Use of the Project Area ...... 66 Table 22: Land Use Pattern in Study Area as per Satellite Imagery ...... 67 Table 23: Soil Sampling Locations ...... 68 Table 24: Soil Quality Results For Premonsoon Season (2015) ...... 72 Table 25: Rating Chart of the Soil Test Data ...... 72 Table 26: Stratigraphic Succession of the Region ...... 73 Table 27: List of Flora in Core Zone ...... 82 Table 28: Flora in Buffer Zone ...... 83 Table 29: Mammals in the Study Area...... 92 Table 30: Bird Species in Study Area ...... 93 Table 31: Variety Wise Marine Fish Production in Ratnagiri District ...... 100 Table 32: Village Wise Fish Production in the Study Area (In Tonne) ...... 100 Table 33: List Of Marine Fishes along the Coastal Belt of Ratnagiri District ...... 101 Table 34 : Phytoplankton ...... 103 Table 35: Zooplankton ...... 103 Table 36: Demography Details of the Study Area ...... 104 Table 37: Status of Literacy ...... 105 Table 38: Status of Occupation ...... 106 Table 39: Status of Workers ...... 107 Table 40: Vulnerability Groups ...... 107 Table 41: Likely Impacts During Construction Phase ...... 115 Table 42: Berth and Jetty Construction ...... 117 Table 43: Equipment on Land ...... 118 Table 44: Transportation Vehicles ...... 118 Table 45: DG Set Details ...... 118 Table 46: Sources - Construction Phase ...... 118 Table 47: Predicted 24-Hourly Short-Term Cumulative Incremental GLCS ...... 121 Table 48: Resultant Cumulative Concentrations due to Incremental GLC’s ...... 121 Table 49: Typical Noise Levels of Construction Equipment ...... 130 Table 50: Summary of Impact Assessment - Flora and Fauna ...... 131 Table 51: Summary of Impact Assessment - Social Environment ...... 139 Table 52: Mitigation Measures During Construction Phase ...... 142 Table 53: Likely Impacts during Operations Phase ...... 143 Table 54: Summary of Impact Assessment on Soil and Land-Use ...... 145 Table 55: Environmental Parameters affected due to Handling of Material ...... 146
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Table 56: Transportation Vehicles ...... 147 Table 57: DG Details ...... 147 Table 58: Sources - Operation Phase ...... 147 Table 59: Predicted 24-Hourly Short-Term Cumulative Incremental GLCS ...... 147 Table 60: Resultant Cumulative Concentrations due to Incremental GLCS ...... 149 Table 61: Input Data for Noise Modelling ...... 158 Table 62: Anticipated Adverse Environmental Impacts and Mitigation ...... 161 Table 63: Details of Alternate Project Locations...... 165 Table 64: Implementation Schedule ...... 170 Table 65: Monitoring Schedule ...... 170 Table 66: Cargo Storage Facilities ...... 176 Table 67 : Scenarios Considered for QRA Study ...... 177 Table 68 : Identified Scenarios and Process Conditions ...... 178 Table 69 : Impact Criteria for Radiation ...... 181 Table 70 : Impact Criteria for Overpressure ...... 182 Table 71 : Results ...... 183 Table 72 : Annual Frequency for Ship Accidents For LNG & LPG ...... 187 Table 73: Recommended Plants for Greenbelt ...... 205 Table 74: Cost Provision for Environmental Measures ...... 209
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Preamble
This Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) report pertains to the Development of Jetty for Captive and third party cargo of 10.0 MTPA capacity near Nate village, Rajapur Taluka, Ratnagiri District, Maharashtra proposed by M/s I Log Ports Private Limited (ILPPL).
The present chapter provides details of the purpose of this EIA report, identification of the proposed project and project proponent, brief description of nature, size, location and importance of the project and scope of the study as per Terms of Reference (ToR) conditions and amendments to TOR conditions issued by Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change (MoEFCC), New Delhi.
1.2 Purpose of the Report
The purpose of this EIA report is to present the proposed project in detail and to discuss the environmental impacts and mitigation measures.
The project proposal was considered by Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC) of MoEF&CC, New Delhi for Infrastructure Development and Miscellaneous Projects & CRZ during the meeting held on 28th January, 2015 and approved TOR was issued vide letter reference no.F.No.11-10/2014-IA-III dated 12th March 2015, ToR Extension dated 22nd March 2018 and ToR Ammendment dated 31st August 2018.
Subsequently, due to changes in business scenario in the country and region, in keeping paradigm the company felt that it would be beneficial to all the stake holders to shift focus to clean cargoes and cleaner fuels. Consequently the project proponent likes to develop the port by aligning the cargo profile with the changed philosophy. Now it is proposed to set up industrial cluster which would use the following cargoes.
Fertilizer, Sugar, Bauxite, coal, Iron ore, cement, cement clinker, gypsum, rock phosphate, steel, steel structures, engineering goods, Crude Palm oil, Refined Edible oils etc, Petroleum products, Petrochemicals, Chemicals, Bulk & break bulk solids including containers, Liquefied Hydrocarbon gases like LPG, LNG etc.
Phase I: Quantity Total 5.0 MTPA Solid: 1.25 MTPA; Liquid: 1.25 MTPA, Gas: 2.5 MTPA
Completion of Phase II: Quantity: Total 10.0 MTPA Solid: 2.5 MTPA; Liquid: 2.5 MTPA, Gas: 5.0 MTPA
Accordingly, ILOG Ports has submitted application for amendment in TOR and the same has beem approved by Ministry of Environment, Forests & Climate Change Vide Minutes of 32nd Meeting of Expert Appraisal Committee (Infra -2) held on 2 – 4th July 2018
The copy of approved ToR, Extension in ToR and amended TOR is enclosed as Annexure-I. This EIA report has been prepared, based on the ToR conditions and additional conditions stipulated by MoEF & CC during amendment of TOR to conduct Environmental Public Hearing and submission of the same for obtaining EC as well as CRZ Clearance.
1.3 Identification of Project
M/s I LOG Ports Private Limited (ILPPL), an initiative of SREI Infrastructure Finance Limited, Calcutta, has proposed to develop a captive and third party cargo of Capacity 10.0
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Million tonnes of annum at Nate village in Rajapur Taluka of Ratnagiri District, Maharashtra. The proposal is for developing a Jetty for captive and third party cargo in phases. In the Phase I, the handling capacity of cargo is 5.0 MTPA and ultimate capacity is about 10.0 MTPA in subsequent phases. The estimated initial project cost is Rs. 135 Crores excluding cost of land.
Maharashtra state is has a coastline of 720 km with only two major ports. As per the Jetty policy of Govt. of Maharashtra, there is a need to develop the backward area of southern coast of Maharashtra. Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) for 5 years lease deed has been signed with Government of Maharashtra (MMB) for Development of Jetty for Captive and third party cargo and development of backup area which will be extended to 30 years. The same has been attached as Annexure III.
The overall initial capital cost of the proposed project, including cost of pollution control facilities is approximately Rs.135 Crores excluding cost of land.
The proposal is for developing a Jetty for captive and third party cargo in phases to handle cargo like Fertilizer, Sugar, Bauxite, coal, Iron ore, cement, cement clinker, gypsum, rock phosphate, steel, steel structures, engineering goods, Crude Palm oil, Refined Edible oils etc, Petroleum products, Petrochemicals, Chemicals, Bulk & break bulk solids including containers, Liquefied Hydrocarbon gases like LPG, LNG etc.
The infrastructure planned consists of a main berth about 700 m away from shore line connected by approach trestle / approach bund connecting to the shoreline.
1.4 Brief Description of the Project
The proposed jetty will be set up in an area of 100 ha in initial phase and expanded further in phases to cover total allotted area of 428.515 ha.
The construction of the Port facilities will be implemented in four phases as described below: . Phase-1: One berth and storage area for bulk cargo using fair weather operations along with part dredging/reclamation. . Phase-2: South breakwater about 500 m long . Phase-3: South breakwater extension by about 500 m . Phase-4: Additional berths for handling bulk and general cargo and with additional storage area constructed about 700m away from shoreline.
The present EIA Study is carried out for the complete development of the Port.
1.5 Location of the Project
The site for the proposed facility is located near Nate village, in Rajapur Taluka, Ratnagiri District, Maharashtra. The location of the project site is given in Figure 1. The 10 km radius Google map is given in Figure 2. The 10 km Topographical Map in Figure 3. Site Photographs shown in Figure 4
Two alternative sites were examined at Ganeshgule in Ratnagiri District and at Alewadi near the Dahanu in Thane District. Both the sites were rejected due to non-availability of required back up land, technical aspects and other considerations based on a detailed comparative evaluation of environmental and techno-economical factors.
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1.6 Description of the Project Site
Project site is located at latitude and longitude ranges of 16038’54”N - 16039’30” N and 73019’45” E-73020’00” E respectively The proposed project area does not have significant vegetation. There are no existing buildings in the proposed project area. At present the site is easily accessible by a village road from the State Highway-4, connecting Ratnagiri and Rajapur at Nate junction at a distance of about 4 km. About 300 meter of new road to connect to an existing two-lane village road is proposed to access the site. The railway siding can be planned in future near Rajapur station of Konkan Railway which is at a distance of 20 km from the site.
The environmental setting of the proposed project site is given in Table 1
Table 1: Environmental Setting of the Proposed Project Site S.No Item Details 1 Project Development of Jetty for Captive and Third Party Cargo 2 Cargo handling capacity 10.0 MTPA 3 Location details Villages : Nate Tehsil : Rajapur District : Ratnagiri State : Maharashtra The site lies in southern part of Ratnagiri District of coastal Konkan division 4 Proposed Area 428.515 Ha 5 Screening category 7(e) – ‘A’ 6 Cost of the project Initial estimated project cost is Rs 135 Crores excluding cost of land 7 Geographical Coordinates Latitude Longitude 16039’30” N 73019’51” E 16039’14” N 73019’52” E 16039’14” N 73020’00” E 16039’30” N 73020’00” E 8 Present elevation of site 26-28 m above MSL 9 Nearest highway State Highway-4 runs at a distance of 4 km, ESE from the project site 10 Nearest railway station Rajapur Railway station is at a distance of about 20 km from the site on Konkan Railway line 11 Nearest Airport Ratnagiri (40 km, N) Mumbai (370 km, NNE) 12 Nearest major water bodies Arabian sea (adjacent), Arjuna river (3.5 km, SSE), Nate Creek 13 Nearest town/city/village The nearest village is Ambolgadh at a (Densely populated areas) distance of 1 km from the proposed port and densely populated city is Ratnagiri which is about 40 kms aerial distance from the project site. 14 Hills/valleys Land mass behind the site rises steeply to elevation of 26m to 28m above sea level 15 Protected areas as per Wildlife No Protected areas as per Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 (Tiger Protection Act, however Bharade village reserve, Elephant reserve, (4.5 km) is a Environmentally Sensitive Biospheres, National parks, Area (ESA) as per the MoEF Letter Ref Wildlife sanctuaries, community No: F.NO.1-4/2012 - RE (Pt.) / dated
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S.No Item Details reserves and conservation 13.11.2013, on Western Ghats – reserves) Ecologically sensitive Area (ESA), 16 Seismicity Zone-III (as per IS-1983, Part I: 2002) Note: All distances mentioned are aerial distances measured on Google Earth; Source: EIA studies, BALPL, Hyderabad
1.7 Importance of the Project
ILPPL proposes to develop a modern all weather jetty for captive & third party cargo on BOOT basis on west coast near Nate village for handling all types of cargo such as bulk, general, containerised, liquid and other, which will be required to be handled for M/s Srei Infrastructure Pvt ltd and other associate companies being promoted for developing cargo based industries such as gas/coal based power plants, steel plants, sugar refineries through backward and forward integration.
The primary objective for developing the proposed captive and third party cargo is to utilise the natural location and oceanographic advantage of the site for creation of marine facilities suitable for handling all kinds of cargoes required for the anchor Industries.
1.8 Scope of the Study
EIA is carried out to assess whether the proposed project activities are likely to cause any significant environmental effects. The boundary limits and framework need to be ascertained establish the baseline environmental status to effectively utilize the data in impact assessment.
The environmental attributes like ambient air quality, meteorological parameters, water quality, soil characteristics, noise levels and ecology have been and The EIA Report is prepared based on the data collected during pre-monsoon 2015 and pre-monsoon 2018.
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Figure 1 : General Location Map of the Project Site
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Figure 2 : Study Area Map – Google (10 KM Radius)
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Chapter-1: Introduction
Figure 3 : Study Area Map – Topo Map (10 KM Radius)
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Figure 4 : Site Photographs
The scope of study broadly includes: . Understanding of the basic project activities and make a detailed review of policy and regulations; . To study and analyze the anticipated impacts of the proposed project on overall baseline environmental and socioeconomic conditions in its surrounding study area; . To identify environmental sensitive features within the study area and places of architectural and cultural importance, if any, and its safe guarding; . To recommend project specific appropriate preventive and mitigative measures to minimize pollution, environmental and social disturbances during entire life-cycle period of the project; . To adopt suitable environmental action plans and management systems, so as to implement and monitor the appropriate mitigative measures
1.9 Study Area for EIA
As per the ToR, 10 km around the project site is considered as study area to carry out baseline environmental monitoring. The study area is shown in Figure 3.
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1.10 Methodology of the Study
Reconnaissance survey was conducted by Bhagavathi Ana Labs Private Limited (BALPL), Hyderabad and officials of M/s I Log Ports Private Limited (ILPPL) and sampling locations were identified on the basis of: . Predominant wind direction, expected during the period of baseline monitoring in the study area as recorded by India Meteorological Department (IMD) at Ratnagiri; . Topography and location of surface water bodies like ponds, canals and rivers; . Location of villages/towns/sensitive areas; . Identified pollution pockets, if any, within the study area; . Accessibility and security of monitoring equipment; . Areas which represent baseline conditions; and . Collection, collation and analysis of baseline data for various environmental attributes.
The monitoring details are outlined in Table 2.
Table 2: Environmental Attributes & Frequency of Monitoring Frequency of Monitoring/ Attribute Parameters Sources Meteorology Climatology and meteorology Continuous monitoring including wind speed, wind station for entire study period direction, temperature, relative on hourly basis and also data humidity, atmospheric collection from secondary pressure, rainfall and cloud sources cover Ambient Air Quality Particulate Matter (PM10 & 24 hourly samples twice a PM2.5), Sulphur dioxide (SO2), week during study period Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), Carbon monoxide (CO), Volatile Organic Carbon (VOCs), methyl Hydrocarbons [HC (Me)] and non-methyl Hydrocarbons [HC (nMe)] Water Quality Physical, chemical and Once during the study bacteriological parameters season Ecology (Terrestrial Existing flora and fauna Through field visit during the & Marine) study period and substantiated through secondary sources Noise Levels Noise levels in dB(A) Hourly observations for 24 hours per location once during the season. Soil Characteristics Soil profile Once during the season Land Use/Land Land use for different categories Data from satellite imagery. Cover Socio-economic Population and Socio-economic Primary survey and secondary aspects characteristics, labour force data from Census 2011, characteristics, and existing various Government agencies amenities in the study area Geology Geological history Based on data collected from secondary sources Hydrology Drainage area and pattern, Based on data collected from (Surface and nature of streams, recharge and secondary sources Ground) discharge areas
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Frequency of Monitoring/ Attribute Parameters Sources Risk assessment, Risk assessment study and Based on risk assessment Disaster disaster management planning studies Management Plan and Occupational Health and Safety Source: EIA studies, BALPL, Hyderabad
1.11 Compliance to Terms of Reference Stipulated by MoEF
The scope also includes all the conditions outlined in the ToR issued by EAC, MoEF. The compliance to the ToR conditions and report referenc is given in Table-3.
Table 3: Compliance to Terms of Reference Stipulated by MoEF&CC S. ToR Points Chapter Reference No i 1 The Nate village is not in high eroding Shoreline studies for the ILog port site according to the study carried out by were carried out by Indomer Coastal Indian Integrated Coastal and Marine Hydraulics Private Limited, Chennai. Area Management (ICMAM) Project The shoreline study report is provided Directorate, Chennai and Indian National as Annexure X from Page No 329. Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS), Hyderabad. Therefore, the PP shall carryout shoreline change study to ensure that the site is not in high eroding coast where development is not permissible. ii 2 Details of the land use break-up for the Land Use Details of the proposed proposed project. project area are provided in Chapter- 2, Project Description; Section 2.3.2 Details of land use around 10 km radius from Page No 36 of the project site. Examine and submit detail of land use around 10 km radius of Details of land use around 10 km the project site and map of the project radius of the project site is provided in area and 10 km area from boundary of Chapter-3, Description of the the proposed/existing project area, Environment; Section 3.7 from Page delineating project areas notified under No 66 the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972/critically polluted areas as identified No Protected areas as per Wildlife by the CPCB from time to time/ notified Protection Act, however Bharade eco-sensitive areas/ interstate village (4.5 km) is a Western Ghats- boundaries and international boundaries. Environmentally Sensitive Area (ESA) Analysis should be made based on latest as per MoEF Letter Ref No: F.NO.1- satellite imagery for land use with raw 4/2012 - RE (Pt.) / dated 13.11.2013, images. on Western Ghats iii 3 Submit the present land use and Land Use Details of the proposed permission required for any conversion project area are provided in Chapter- such as forest, agriculture etc. land 2, Project Description; Section 2.3.2 acquisition status, rehabilitation of from Page No 36 communities/ villages and present status Permission to Purchase of such activities. Agriculturai Land by Maharastra Government is annexed as Annexure II from Page No 234 and Lease deed for the same is provided as Annexure III from Page No 240.
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S. ToR Points Chapter Reference No iv 4 Examine and submit the water bodies The water bodies in the Study area are including the seasonal ones within the Arabian sea, Arjuna river and Nate corridor of impacts along with their Creek. The impacts on the same are status, volumetric capacity, quality likely provided in Chapter-4, Identification impacts on them due to the project. of impacts and mitigation measures, Section 4.2.2.3 in page no. 128, Section 4.2.3.5 in page no. 136 and the impacts during operation are provided in Section 4.3.8 in page no. 153. v 5 Submit a copy of the contour plan with Contour Map and Drainag Map are slopes, drainage pattern of the site and provided in Chapter-2, Project surrounding area Description as Figure 7&8 in Page No. 38 & 39. vi 6 Submit the details of terrain, level with Details of terrain, level with respect to respect to MSL, filling required, source of MSL, filling required, source of filling filling materials and transportation details materials and transportation details etc. etc. are provided in Chapter-2, Project Description; Section 2.3.1 in page no. 36. vii 7 Examine road/rail connectivity to the A detailed traffic and transportation project site and impact on the existing study is provided in Chapter-2, traffic network due to the proposed Project Description; Section 2.9: project/activities. A detailed traffic and Traffic density Assesssment from transportation study should be made for page no. 48. Impacts of traffic are existing and projected passenger and provided in Chapter-4, Identification cargo traffic. of impacts and mitigation measures, Section 4.2.1.1, 4.2.1.3, 4.3.6.1, 4.3.7.1. viii 8 Submit details regarding R&R involved in The project area and the backup area the project are not inhabited and without any vegetation, therefore no R&R is envisaged after the land acquisition ix 9 Submit a copy of layout superimposed on HTL / LTL Study for ILog Port is done the HTL/LTL map demarcated by an by MEC Consultants and the same is authorized agency on 1:4000 scale along attached as Annexure VIII: CRZ with the recommendation of the SCZMA. Study x 10 Submit the status of shoreline change at Soreline studies for the ILog port were the project site carried out by Indomer Coastal Hydraulics Private Limited, Chennai. The shoreline study report is provided as Annexure XI from Page No 302. xi 11 Details of the layout plan including details Layout plan including details of of channel, breakwaters, dredging, channel, breakwaters, dredging, disposal and reclamation. disposal and reclamation is provided in Chapter-2, Project Description as Figure 6: Jetty Layout Map in Page No. 37.
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S. ToR Points Chapter Reference No xii 12 Details of handling of each cargo, Details of handling of each cargo, storage, transport along with spillage storage, transport is provided in control, dust preventive measures. Chapter-2: Project Description, Section 2.6: Cargo Handling Machinery in Page No. 42. Spillage control, dust preventive measures are provided in Chapter-2: Project Description, Section 2.7.9: Pollution Preventive Equpment in Page No. 44. xiii 13 Submit the details of fishing activity and Details of fishing activity is provided in likely impacts on the fishing activity due Chapter-3, Description of the to the project. Environment, Section 3.8.10 : Coastal Ecology in Page No. 96.
Impacts on the fishing activity due to the project are provided in Chapter-4, Identification of impacts and mitigation measures Section 4.2.2.6 : Impacts on Aquatic Ecology in Page No. 132. xiv 14 Details of oil spill contingency plan. Oil spill contingency plan is provided in Chapter-7, Additional studies Section 7.3.3.11: Oil Spill Contingency Plan in Page No. 195. xv 15 Details of bathymetry study. Bathymetry studies for the ILog port were carried out by MEC Consultants of Mumbai Annexure IX from Page No 302. xvi 16 Details of ship tranquillity study. Ship Tranquility Studies will be carried out before commencement of Operation. xvii 17 Examine the details of water Water requirement, impact on requirement, impact on competitive user, competitive user, treatment details, treatment details, use of treated waste use of treated waste water and Water water. Prepare a water balance chart. Balance is provided in Chapter-2: Project Description, Section 2.8.3: Water Requirement in Page No. 45. xviii 18 Details of rainwater harvesting and Details of rainwater harvesting and utilization of rain water. utilization of rain water is provided in Chapter-4, Identification of impacts and mitigation measures, Section 4.3.8: Water Environment in Page no 153 xix 19 Examine details of Solid waste Details of Solid waste generation generation treatment and its disposal. treatment and its disposal is provided in Chapter-4, Identification of impacts and mitigation measures, Section 4.3.13: Solid waste Managment in Page no 161 xx 20 Details of desalination plant and the The present proposal is for Jetty only. study for outfall and intake. There is no proposal of desalination plant.
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S. ToR Points Chapter Reference No xxi 21 Examine baseline environmental quality Baseline environmental quality is along with projected incremental load provided in Chapter-3, Description of due to the proposed project/activities. the Environment from Page no 51 Projected incremental load due to the proposed project/activities is provided in Chapter-4, Identification of impacts and mitigation measures, Section 4.2.2: Impacts on Air Quality from Page No. 117 & Section 4.3.7 from Page No. 146 xxii 22 The air quality monitoring should be The air quality monitoring is carried out carried out according to the notification according to the notification issued on issued on 16th November, 2009. 16th November, 2009. xxiii 23 Examine separately the details for Environmental Monitoring Plan with construction and operation phases both cost and parameters is provided in for Environmental Management Plan and Chapter-6, Environment Monitoring Environmental Monitoring Plan with cost Programme from Page No 170. and parameters. Details for construction and operation phases both for Environmental Management Plan is provided in Chapter-8, Environment Managment Plan from Page No 200. xxiv 24 Submit details of a comprehensive Risk Details of a comprehensive Risk Assessment and Disaster Management Assessment and Disaster Plan including emergency evacuation Management Plan including during natural and man-made disasters emergency evacuation during natural and man-made disastersis provided in Chapter-7, Additional studies from Page No 174. xxv 25 Submit details of the trees to be cut Site consist of barren land and no including their species and whether it plantation, So no tree cutting is also involves any protected or envisaged. endangered species. Measures taken to Development of greenbelt along the reduce the number of the trees to be project site boundary and landscaping removed should be explained in detail. of the site is proposed Submit the details of compensatory plantation. Explore the possibilities of relocating the existing trees. xxvi 26 Examine the details of afforestation Greenbelt development is provided in measures indicating land and financial Chapter-8, Environment outlay. Landscape plan, green belts and Managment Plan, Section: 8.1.4 open spaces may be described. A thick from Page No 205. green belt should be planned all around the nearest settlement to mitigate noise and vibrations. The identification of species/ plants should be made based on the botanical studies.
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S. ToR Points Chapter Reference No xxvii 27 The Public Hearing should be conducted This report is submitted for public for the project in accordance with hearing. provisions of Environmental Impact Assessment Notification, 2006 and the issues raised by the public should be addressed in the Environmental Management Plan. The Public Hearing should be conducted based on the ToR letter issued by the Ministry and not on the basis of Minutes of the Meeting available on the web-site. xxviii 28 A detailed draft EIA/EMP report should A detailed draft EIA/EMP report is be prepared in accordance with the prepared in accordance with the above above additional TOR and should be additional TOR and will be submitted submitted to the Ministry in accordance to the Ministry in accordance with the with the Notification. Notification
Conditions of Amended TOR xxix 1 A detailed marine, riparian and creek biodiversity ILOG Port Private Limited impact assessment report and management plan shall has appointed Dolphin be prepared through the NIOS or any other institute of underwater diving services repute on marine, brackish water and fresh water for required work which ecology and biodiversity. The report shall study the will be conducted in impact of the project activities on the intertidal postmonsoon season and biotopes, corals and coral communities, molluscs, sea the same will be submitted grasses, sea weeds, subtidal habitats, fishes, other along with Final EIA marine and aquatic micro, macro and mega flora and Report fauna including benthos, plankton, turtles, birds etc. as also the productivity. The data collection and impact assessment shall be as per standards survey methods and utilize underwater photography xxx 2 The impact of storage and handling of hazardous Storage and handling of chemicals and on site management plan shall be hazardous chemicals with submitted. DMP is provided in Chapter 7 xxxi 3 Plan for Corporate Environment Responsibility (CER) Plan for CER will be as specified under Ministry’s Office Memorandum vide prepared based on PH F.No. 22-65/2017-IA.III dated 1st May 2018 shall be issues and suggetions prepared and submitted along with EIA Report. made by the people and the same will be submitted to MoEF & CC
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2.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
2.1 Preamble
The purpose of this chapter is to provide details of the proposed captive and third party cargo of 10 MTPA capacity by ILPPL near Nate village, Rajapur Taluka, Ratnagiri District, Maharashtra. The details include site features, layout design, operations, schedule for project implementation, resource requirements.
2.2 Type of the Project
The project proposal is for developing a Jetty for captive and third party cargo of 10.0 MTPA, in phases, to handle local cargo such as sugar, liquid and dry bulk cargo, hydro carbon gaseswith projected throughput of 10 MTPA (ultimately).
The project consists of construction of berth of 250 m long and 40 wide for handling different types of cargo. In addition, storage facilities will be created for handling handling dry bulk cargo like sugar etc, liquids, chemicals and gases.
Major activities that would be involved in the construction/ operation stages of the proposed jetty are as follows: . Piling for construction of jetty. . Dredging . Reclamation for operational area. . Construction of approach road. . Loading/ unloading of dry bulk cargo, sugar etc. . Stacking of dry bulk cargo, sugar etc. . Transportation of dry bulk cargo, sugar etc.
2.3 Project Location Details
Survey numbers of the proposed jetty area are 141 to 188. The port layout map with survey numbers on village map is presented in Figure-5. The proposed jetty layout is given in Figure-6.
2.3.1 Existing Terrain Features
The project area does not involve any forest area. The land mass behind the site rises steeply for an elevation of 26.00m to 28.00m above sea level and back up land will have to be graded to suit the functional & operational requirements.
The site will be graded in such a manner that the excavated materials will be sufficient to fill the low lying areas. However, there may be additional quantity up to about 26000 M3 will be collected from nearby approved borrow pits and transported by dumpers covered with tarpaulin
2.3.2 Land Use Details
The proposed jetty will be set up in an area of 100 ha in initial phase and expanded further in phases to cover total allotted area of 428.515 ha. The backup land in the inter-tidal region owned by Government of Maharashtra is available for Jetty activities after reclamation along with other available back up land partly owned by the Government and partly by private owners.
The total land for captive and third party cargo development is considered to be acquired (already acquired 70 ha in the project area) in phases as per the need. The phase wise
Bhagavathi Ana Labs Pvt. Ltd. (a Bureau Veritas Group Company) BALLEN2013116 Rev. 01D 36 EIA & EMP for Development of Jetty for Captive & Third Party Cargo of 10 MTPA capacity near Nate village, Rajapur taluka, Ratnagiri district, Maharashtra by M/s I Log Ports Pvt Ltd Chapter-2: Project Description
land acquisition / allocation and land use breakup of the total project area is given in Table 4.
Figure 5 : Village Survey Map
Figure 6 : Jetty Layout Map
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Chapter-2: Project Description
Figure 7 : Contour Map
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Chapter-2: Project Description
Figure 8 : Drainage Map
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Permission to purchase agricultural land under Mumbai Tenancy and Agricultural Land Act, 1948 given by Government of Maharastra – Director of Industries vide Letter no: DI/Land/Permission/3(2010)/2010/C-1295 dated 5th February 2011 is provided as Annexure II.
Table 4: Landuse of Project Area PHASES INTERTIDAL LAND BACK UP LAND TOTAL 500.00m x 250.00m 500.00m x 500.00m = 250000 Phase I 350000 sq. m. = 100000 sq. m. sq. m. 500.00m x 250.00m 250000 + (500.00m x 500.00m) Phase II 600000 sq. m. = 100000 sq. m. = 500000 sq. m. 500.00m x 250.00m 500000 + (500.00m x 500.00m) Phase III 850000 sq. m. = 100000 sq. m. = 750000 sq. m. 500.00m x 250.00m 750000 + (500.00m x 500.00m) Phase IV 1100000 sq. m. = 100000 sq. m. = 1000000 sq. m.
As the actual loading / unloading operations will be carried out through off shore jetty main berth, which is proposed to be located about 750.00m from shore, the intertidal land as well as back up land will be used mainly for intermediate / transit storage and balance area for on-shore facilities such as administrative block, water storage, internal roads and other miscellaneous structures. The broad allocation of available land is as under.
A. INTERTIDAL LAND: A-1 Intermediate Storage (500 M X 200 M ) = 100000 SQ. M. 300 X 100 X 2 = 60000 SQ. M. A-2 Internal Roads 300 M X 10 M X 2 = 6000 SQ. M. A-3 Operating Area For Movements & Misc. Areas 200 M X 10 M X 4 = 8000 SQ. M. 26000 SQ. M. ------TOTAL: 100000 SQ. M. ======
B. BACK UP LAND ( 500.00 M X 500.00M ) = 250000 SQ. M.
B-1 Bulk cargo storage 62350 sq. m. B-2 Break Bulk cargo storage 21025 sq. m. B-3 General cargo storage 21025 sq.m. B -4 General storage 57200 sq. m. B -5 Administrative block 10150 sq. m. B -6 Water storage 3000 sq. m. B -7 Internal Roads 65100 sq. m. B -8 Parking area 7250 sq. m. B -9 Miscellaneous structures 55090 sq. m.
The broad “land use plan” is attached as Annexure IV.
2.3.3 Locational advantage of the project
It is proposed to have both forward and backward integration by developing Jetty based industries such as bauxite benefication plant, steel plant and gas based thermal power plant and sugar refineries, container hub and tank farms directly or through joint ventures/ acquisitions which would be located in a radius of 1000 km hinter land. The proposed Captive and Third Party Cargo will be used to handle captive needs initially as a fair weather Jetty and converted into an all-weather captive and third party cargo at later stage.
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The proposed project location near Nate village is well suited for setting up the infrastructural facilities proposed in this report on the basis of following advantages: . The site has tangible Oceanographic advantages, Tranquil area for smooth Operations . Well connected by Road and Rail . Deep water located within 2-3 Km from the shore thereby reducing dredging. . Site consist of barren land and no plantation . Resettlement & rehabilitation not required. . No industry is located within 25 kms from the proposed project site. . Located near to Kolhapur (Sangli & Satara) sugar and industrial corridor and the nearest port interface to Ratnagiri, Kolhapur & Belgaum belts and further up to Sholapur and Karim nagar . Significant cargo movement potential both agri & industrial products
2.3.4 Traffic Projection
The project facilities are being developed to handle 5.0 MTPA traffic, mostly consisting of cargo generated or designated for the catchment areas of the port. Dry bulk cargo and sugar are the most required cargoes for the area. The project has potential to handle cargoes to the tune of 10 MTPA. There has not been any significant activities from the existing small jetty or minor Jetty at Vijaydurg except for small consignments of timber, Mangalore tiles and mollases. Therefore, the planning is to develop a totally new market to suit the infrastructure planned to be created based on created demand through forward and backward integration.
2.3.5 Description of the Proposed Captive and Third Party Cargo Handling Project
The salient features of the proposed project are given in Table 5.
Table 5: Salient Features of the Proposed Jetty S.No. Features Details 1 1 Projected Throughput 5.0 Million Tonnes Per Annum (MTPA) in the initial years to about 10.0 MTPA in the later years 2 2 Minimum width of 200 m entrance channel 3 3 Design ship size approx 80,000 DWT vessels 4 4 Break water About 1,000 m long breakwater on south side in 2nd phase 5 5 Berth length and width 250 m long and 40m wide 6 6 Turning circle depth -15m 7 7 Turning circle diameter 600 m 8 8 Storage area and area for About 100 ha excluding area developed through Jetty based industries reclamation 9 9 Berth Plan One Off shore jetty 10 10 Back-up land area 100 ha in initial phase and expanded further in requirement for utilities phases to cover total allotted area of 428.515 ha 11 11 Facilities Site development, utilities and administrative building 12 12 Source of water Water supply from the river and stored rain water and local water suppliers 13 13 Estimated project cost Initial estimated cost Rs. 135 Crores excluding cost of land for Phase I Source: ILog Port Pvt Ltd
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2.4 Type of commodity to be handled
The proposed berths and the infrastructure are planned for handling local needs of coal and derivatives like petcoke, metcoke and other cargo which is as given below: . Bulk liquid including edible oil, chemicals & petrochemicals . General and Project cargo for industrial use . Any other commodity including minerals, and hydrocarbon gases required for port based industry and surrounding areas
The list is not exhaustive and other products, which can be economically and conveniently handled, backward/ forward integration through setting up of new industries, joint ventures, mergers, acquisitions will be handled at proposed captive port.
2.5 Proposed number of berths
The development of proposed all weather Jetty is divided into four phases as given below. Phase-1: One berth and storage area for bulk cargo using fair weather operations along with part dredging/ reclamation. Phase-2: South breakwater about 500 m long Phase-3: South breakwater extension by about 500 m Phase-4: Additional berths for handling bulk & general cargo and with additional storage area.
The berths are designed for a design depth in front of -15m. The maximum size of vessels considered for bulk cargo is 80,000 DW'T vessels.
2.6 Cargo handling machinery
. 1 or 2 Wharf Cranes to handle cargoes from vessels . A series of conveyors of different capacities . Stacker Reclaimers in the storage yard . Semi-mechanised handling till reaching a critical mass of 4.5 MMTPA . Inbuilt dust suppression system and monitoring system will be inbuilt with the bulk handling machinery.
2.7 Navigation
The larger vessels calling at proposed project at Nate will be piloted by Jetty pilots and smaller vessels will be permitted to navigate with their own crew.
For navigational aids, the lighted marker buoys will be used for approach channel marking along with the transit lights on shore. Navigational aids will conform to the International Association of Lighthouse Authorities regulations.
2.7.1 Firefighting equipment
Sufficient fire-fighting equipment such as fire tenders, hydrants and extinguishers will be provided at identified locations.
2.7.2 Approach channel dimensions
For the approach channel a width of 250.00m is considered initially and this may be widened if need arises in future for bigger vessels. The entrance to the Jetty will be in a straight line. Turning circle of about 600 m will be provided.
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2.7.3 Port crafts
The Jetty crafts will be provided as per ISPS guidelines, which will include - (a) A survey boat (1 no.) (b) Tugs (2 nos.)
2.7.4 Electric supply
The electrical supply will be taken from Maharashtra State Electricity Distribution Company Limited (MSEDCL) at a sub station at 11 KV with a transformer of 1,000 KVA capacity initially considering the maximum requirement including that required for conveyor system. Initial power requirement is 0.9MW in later phases it will be increased to 2MW
The main LT panel will consist of main incoming cable and arrangement for automatic changeover switch even to generator in case of power failure. Standby generators 2 nos. of 150 KVA & 250 KVA are proposed. All the power cables will be armoured type using aluminium conductors. Suitable earthing will be provided. Similarly all lighting cables will be aluminium conductor of armoured type. A suitable cable tray will be provided for supporting/ fixing cables. The control system comprising of control signals for starting, stopping, interlocking sequencing and emergency stopping etc. will be using armoured copper conductors.
The project and surrounding area will be illuminated using high masts of 30.00m height, at a distance of about 50.00m using suitable mix of sodium vapour & metal halide lamp. Street lighting with 9.00m high posts and sodium vapour lamps will be provided along the roads at 20.00m center to center.
2.7.5 Communication
The operations of the proposed captive and third party cargo terminal and information system will be on line using state of the art technology, following EPS guidelines.
A computer system will be installed with adequate number of terminals for planning, arrivals of vessels, loading/ unloading operations, movements of transport vehicles, generation of reports and management information system.
The information will be fed to the controlling station by field operators through walkie- talkies or any other suitable means.
2.7.6 Employment Generation (Direct and Indirect) due to the Project
During construction phase the direct employment will be 20 and indirect employment will be 200. Local labours will be employed from the surrounding villages. A temporary labour camp may be provided by the Civil contractor during Construction.
During Operational phase, 50 persons are directly employed and indirect employment will be 300. Local villagers will be suitablely trained for the same
2.7.7 Drainage & Sewerage System
Storm water drainage system using rational method with R.C. drains of various sizes is proposed. The drains will ultimately discharge into sea through outfalls at various locations. The sewerage system will be provided using sewage treatment plant of required capacity as per the design using the standard manual on sewage and sewage treatment.
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2.7.8 Roads & Railways:
The site is easily accessible by a village road from coastal highway connecting Ratnagiri & Rajapur at Nate junction covering a distance of about 4 kms. However, the provision will be required to be made for widening to two lanes initially to four lanes in future to take care of the increased traffic intensity.
The railway siding can be planned in future near Rajapur station of Konkan Railway at 63.00 kms from the proposed Jetty site.
2.7.9 Pollution prevention equipment
The detailed pollution prevention plan will be included in the environmental impact analysis. However, the pollution prevention measures and the equipments proposed are as under: . Water Sprinklers for unpaved roads . Exhaust silencers for construction equipments
In addition following measures will be taken for pollution control Bentonite slurry or similar: debris will not be allowed to flow into water Oil & fuel spills shall be eliminated by good 0 & M practice. Watering periodically of constructed area to minimize fugitive dust generation.Plantation of trees to prevent atmospheric pollution. Vehicles carrying materials to be covered with tarpaulins to avoid material spillage.
2.8 Site development
The land available behind the waterfront is low lying and the ground level will have to be raised by backfilling with dredged material with proper compaction. The development of further land area by reclamation would be done in phases as per the need.
The reclaimed land at about +5.00m elevation and table top land at an elevation of +28.00m will be suitably graded as per the requirement.
2.8.1 Breakwater
No provision is made in Phase I towards breakwater as initial operation will be restricted to fair weather only and in later Phases the Breakwaters will be constructed.
2.8.2 Marine structures/ berths
The marine infrastructure proposed in Phase I is only one bulk cargo berth 250.00m long x 40.00m wide and 600 m trestle. Other berths and breakwaters will be developed in next phases.
Cell dock rubber fenders, bollards, mooring rings, ladders etc. will be provided as per specific need.
Access to Project complex The project complex is accessible directly from the national highway NH-17 between Mumbai and Kochi from Rajapur junction through NH-17 and coastal highway covering a distance of about 30 kms. or directly via coastal highway from Ratnagiri covering distance of 55 kms. from Ratnagiri and 4 kms. from Nate junction.
A gate complex is proposed at the entry to project area and the entire plot area is considered to be fenced from three sides in future as per ISPS requirements. The
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internal roads are provided for movements of loaded vehicles in the Port Complex. The roads considered are combination of bituminous roads and paved roads.
Buildings The buildings will be R.C. framed structures with standard finishing. Special considerations will be given to reduce the effect of noise pollution. No residential area will be developed in the project site.
W a t e r The requirement of water is worked out based on the occupancy in the buildings and other requirements. The water for firefighting is not included as seawater will be used for the same. The cost for getting connection from MWSSB or through open/ tube wells will be studied.
Firefighting The fire-fighting arrangement considered is with pumps and pipelines. In future, a mobile fire tender with other accessories will be provided. A separate fire station of about 100.0 Sq.M built up area is considered for costing.
Surface water/ drainage and sewerage: A storm water drainage system with R.C. drains is considered.
Machinery/ equipments Dwarf Crane & Mobile Equipment and the work will be either subcontracted or machinery will be hired directly by ILPPL.
Vehicles/ transporting equipment’s Phase I has part requirement of vehicles and conveyors. All other machinery will be hired or the work will be subcontracted. Once all the Phases are completed it will be a fully equipped Jetty with all machinery and vehicles.
Electrification The electrical items include the electrical installation and distribution as per the power requirements including conveyor system as per the electrical design. Provision is made for standby generators.
Communication State of the art communication system with computerised control and aided by walkie – talkies will be provided.
Tugs and other floating crafts Floating crafts as those required for pilotage and other operational requirements will be initially taken on hire.
Storage Yard Only open storage equipped with modern dust suppression system in Phase I. Covered storage will be developed in Phase II/ Phase III as per the need.
Liquid storage Liquid storage is proposed to be constructed in next phases.
2.8.3 Water Requirement
The water supply requirements for this facility can be classified in the following categories: . Water for fire-fighting . Potable water for facility users
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Total water requirement is expected to be around 140 KLD. Elevated reservoir of 150 KL capacity will be constructed. The water requirement will be met from the nearby river and local suppliers. Domestic water requirement for administrative building, canteen, workshop and other misc. buildings is worked out considering the no. of persons and their daily requirement. In addition, water required for bunkering is also included in the total requirement.
The suitable external pipeline network will be provided. Internal plumbing will be included in the individual building plan. The water required for firefighting is not considered, as sea water will be used for the same.
Water will be required for fire-fighting and domestic use of personnel at the facility and on the vessels. The source of fire-water will be sea water. Underground storage (50 KL capacity) and pump house will be provided at the back-up area. Sea water will be used directly for fire suppression and there is no need for desalination or processing prior to use.
Potable water will be sourced from local sources. Underground storage tank will be located at the back-up area and water distribution lines will be provided on the berth for supply.
The water supply system will be pressurized network. Underground storage tank will be located near the landfall point and water distribution lines will be provided on the berth for supply to Jetty personnel, other users and supply to vessels. Water balance is depicted in Figure 9 & 10 and Table-6. Total Water Requirement 150 KLD
Construction Domestic Dust 15 KLD 110 KLD Suppression 25 KLD
Sewage Generation (80 % of Domestic) 393 KLD
Disposal by Septic Tank & Soak Pits
Source: Provided by ILPPL Figure 9 : Water Balance Diagram During Construction
Table 6: Water Requirement Details During Operation Phase Water Quantity (KLD) S. Description Loss/ Waste No Requirement Remarks Consumption water 1 Domestic Treated in STP and utilized 20 4 16 for plantation, dust suppression and fire-fighting 2 Fire-fighting - - - Underground storage of 86 Services/ KL capacity will be provided Washing / in back-up area
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Water Quantity (KLD) S. Description Loss/ Waste No Requirement Remarks Consumption water Dust suppression Total 20 4 16 Source: ILPL
Total Domestic Water Requirement 40 KLD
Sewage Generation (80% of Domestic) 36 KLD
Disposal by Septic Tank & Soak Pits
Source: Provided by ILPPL Figure 10 : Water Balance Diagram During Operation
Water distribution lines are provided to supply water for use of Jetty personnel, other users and for supply to vessels. Water demand of 20 KLD is estimated for 150 number of staff, workers and visitors. The storage capacity will be 100 KL, considering the storage provision for 5 days.
2.8.4 Drainage and Sewerage System
The sewerage system will be gravity driven. The sewerage system will be limited to the operational buildings at landfall point and at berth and the portable STP of 16 KLD capacity of fluidized bed reactor type will be provided at the landfall point.
Domestic wastewater from toilets attached to portable cabins and security rooms will be collected and treated in a STP in the landside back-up area or managed by a combination of septic tank and soak pit. The treated water from STP meeting relevant quality standards will be reused in toilets. The dried sludge from STP will be removed and sent to the sludge drying beds.
No storm water drainage system will be required at the berth and approach trestle as appropriate slopes in the structures will drain the rain water into the sea. However, storm water drains will be provided in the backup area near the landfall point where building, security cabin and utilities are located.
Adequate drainage facilities have been proposed in the terminals, berths and stack yard and storage area to collect the surface water due to precipitation. All the internal roads will be provided with 2% slope and 1% slope for pavements to provide adequate drainage. To remove sediments, interceptors will be designed at appropriate locations before letting out into the sea. Treated water at 60% of wastewater will be with water quality standard for its use in gardening and washing purposes. Sludge in the form of biomass will be used as manure.
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2.8.5 Power Supply
Electric power is required for the crane operations at the berth, lighting arrangements at the berths, trestle, security cabin, Jetty cabin and portable cabin. Initial power requirement is 0.9MW in later phases it will be increased to 2MW
DG set of 75 KVA capacity will be installed to provide power requirements at the berth or at the landside back up area. The DG sets will be provided with acoustic enclosure. The proposed DG sets will feed the loads pertaining to illumination and vessel utilities with respect to berth, approach trestle and roads illumination. DG set will be located each at the berth and the landfall point. The underground fuel storage tank of adequate capacity for DG sets will be provided at the landfall point. The storage tanks will be connected to the DG sets with pipelines.
The power distribution will be with switch and metering arrangement through adequately sized underground cables to feeders of respective loads such as buildings, pump-room, berth, approach trestle, etc. through multiple MCB distribution boards. Power supply to utility loads will be at 415 V.
2.8.6 Dredging
No significant dredging will be carried out in Phase I and dredged material will be used for land reclamation. In the later Phases the dredged material will be used for backfilling and levelling.
2.9 Traffic Density Assessment
Hinterland Mapping: We have identified the major cargo generating hinterland for the Jetty and by providing an overview of major EXIM commodities for the identified hinterland. The major cargo hinterland is mapped under Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Hinterland as shown below. Based on the mapped region, following major cargo generating belts were identified, as listed below:
Source: Provided by ILPPL Figure 11 : Hinter Land Map Primary hinterland : Ratnagiri, Sindhudurg, Sangli-Satara-Kolhapur belt, Belgaum.
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Secondary hinterland: Solapur, Baramati, Gulberg, Adilabad, Nanded.
Tertiary hinterland: Nagpur area (1000kms) & rest of Vidharbha area, north Andhra, North Karnataka, MP, etc. The map showing hinterland is given Figure 11:
Hinterland Connectivity: The Proposed multipurpose terminal is connected to the hinterland as under.
Primary Hinterland: . Road Connectivity Available . Coastal Connectivity Only to Ratnagiri, Sindhudurg, Mumbai & Goa. For other Districts no coastal connectivity . Rail Connectivity Only up to Ratnagiri, Sindhudurg, Mumbai/ Goa. For other Districts no rail connectivity. Secondary Hinterland: . Only road connection is available. Tertiary hinterland: . Only road connection is available.
2.10 Project Schedule for Approval and Implementation
The ground works of the proposed jetty development will be commenced after seeking all necessary clearances from the governing bodies. Design and construction would take 24 months.
The project will be implemented in a four Phases and the implementation schedule for Phase I is given in Table 7
Table 7: Project Implementation Schedule S. Milestones/ Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q9 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q No Activities 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Preliminary site - 1 inspection - Preparation of - - 2 DPR - - Other statutory - - 3 clearances and - - approvals - - EPC - - 4 Procurement - Construction - 5 Procurement Detailed --- 6 engineering & design Civil ------7 Construction Equipment -- 8 Procurement - Other -- 9 Infrastructure Jetty -- 10 commissioning Source: ILPPL
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Figure 12 : Road Map
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3.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
3.1 Introduction
In order to know the impacts on the surrounding environment, it is important to know the existing environmental status in the study area. This section provides the background information about the study area with an overall description of environmental baseline of the area where the project is proposed to be located. The proposed project area was considered as the ‘core zone’ and area within 10 km radius from the project boundary was considered as the ‘buffer zone’ for the baseline environmental monitoring. The Core zone and Buffer zone together forms the study area of the project. Baseline data collected during Premonsoon 2015 and Premonsoon 2018 is used in preparation of the report and the data collected for Premonsoon 2018 is enclosed as Annexure VII to the report. The environmental attributes monitored and their frequency of monitoring is given in Table 8.
Table 8: Environmental Attributes & Frequency of Monitoring Attribute Parameters Frequency of Monitoring Wind speed, Wind Continuous weather monitoring station direction, Temperature, for entire study period on hourly basis Meteorology Relative humidity and and also data collection from secondary Rainfall sources. 24 hourly samples twice a week during PM , PM 10 2.5 study period. Ambient Air SO , NO , CO, O3, Pb, Quality 2 x 8 hourly samples for 24 hours twice a NH3, Benzene, BaP, As, week during study period. Ni Hourly observations for 24 hours per Noise Levels Noise levels in dB (A) location. Physical, Chemical and Water Quality Bacteriological Once during the study period Parameters Data from Census Handbook, 2001 & Land Use within the 10 Land Use 2011 and Latest Satellite Imagery from km radius study area NRSA. Parameters related to Soil agricultural and Once during the study period. Characteristics afforestation potential Through field visit during the study Biological Existing Flora and Fauna period and substantiated through Environment secondary sources. Socio- Demography, economic Census Handbooks, 2011, 2001 & Field economic status, amenities Survey aspects available
Study period is Premonsoon 2015 and Premonsoon 2018
3.2 Meteorology
The micro-meteorological studies were conducted by installation of continuous weather monitoring station at the project site. Hourly met data was recorded continuously for wind direction, wind speed, temperature, relative humidity and rainfall. The summary of the hourly meteorological data during study period is given in following paragraphs:
The methodology adopted for monitoring surface observations is as per the standard norms laid down by Bureau of Indian Standards (IS:8829) and India Meteorological Department (IMD).
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3.2.1 Methodology of Data Generation
The Central Monitoring Station (CMS) equipped with continuous monitoring equipment was installed at site at a height of about 10 m above ground level to record wind speed, direction, relative humidity and temperature. Cloud cover was recorded by visual observation. Rainfall was monitored by rain gauge.
The continuous recording meteorological instrument of Dynalab, Pune (Model No.WDL1002) has been used for recording the met data. The sensitivity of the equipment is as given in Table-9.
Table 9: Sensitivity of Meteorology Monitoring Station Sr. No. Sensor Sensitivity 1 Wind speed Sensor ± 0.02 m/s 2 Wind direction Sensor ± 3 degrees 3 Temperature Sensor ± 0.2oC
3.2.2 Temperature
The maximum temperature and the minimum temperature in the study area during Premonsoon Season 2015 & 2018 are provided in below Table 10.
Table 10: Temperature in the Study Area Premonsoon 2015 Premonsoon 2018 Maximum Temperature oC 43.8 43.3 Minimum Temperature oC 25.6 25.4 Source : IMD
3.2.3 Relative Humidity
The maximum relative humidity and minimum relative humidity study area during Premonsoon Season 2015 & 2018 are provided in below Table 11.
Table 11: Relative Humidity in the Study Area Premonsoon 2015 Premonsoon 2018 Maximum RH % 74 81 Minimum RH % 4 4 Source : IMD
3.2.4 Wind Direction and Wind Speed
The average wind speed recorded during the study period is about 1.44 m/s respectively. The predominant wind direction was from NW in study period Premonsoon.
The data generated for wind speed and wind direction is computed to obtain wind rose diagrams for three seasons of the study area. The 24 hourly wind rose diagram for the premonsoon season in the study period is shown in Figure 13.
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Figure 13 : Wind Rose Diagram Premonsoon Season
3.3 Ambient Air Quality
The scenario of the existing Ambient Air Quality in the study area of 10 km radius around project area has been assessed through a network of Ambient Air Quality locations as shown in Figure 14. The design of monitoring network in the air quality surveillance program was based on the following considerations. . Topography / Terrain of the study area . Human Settlements . Wind pattern . Health status . Representation of Regional Background levels . Accessibility of monitoring site . Resource Availability
3.3.1 Method of Analysis
The air samples were analyzed as per standard methods specified by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), IS: 5182 and American Public Health Association (APHA).
3.3.2 Instruments used for Sampling
Respirable Dust Samplers APM-451 instruments have been used for monitoring Respirable fraction (<10 µ & <2.5 µ), Heavy Metals, and gaseous pollutants like SO2 and NOx. Charcoal tubes were deployed for collection of carbon monoxide. Gas Chromatography techniques have been used for the estimation of CO.
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Figure 14 : Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations
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3.3.3 Instruments used for Analysis
The make and model of the instruments used at Bhagavathi Ana Labs Private Limited for analysis of the samples collected during the field monitoring are given in Table-12.
Table 12: Instruments Used for Analysis of Samples Sr. No Instrument Name Make Model Parameters 1 Spectrophotometer HACH DR 2000; Sl. No. SO2, NOx 911016344 2 Electronic Balance Metler AE 200S; Sl. No M10774 PM10 & PM2.5 3 Gas Chromatograph GC-3, VARIAN CP- 3800-44; Sl. No. CO With FID, pFPD, ECD 8094 4 GC-MS-MS Waters Quatro Micro Mass PAH
3.3.4 Sampling and Analytical Techniques
Pre-calibrated Air Samplers have been used for monitoring the existing AAQ status. Maximum, Minimum, Average and Percentile values have been computed from the raw data collected at all individual sampling stations to represent the Ambient Air Quality Status. The significant parameters viz., Particulate Matter (PM2.5 & PM10), Sulphur dioxide (SO2) and Oxides of Nitrogen (NOX) were monitored in the core and buffer zones. The details of the ambient air quality monitoring locations are given in Table 13 and the locations are shown in Figure 14. Results of the ambient air quality monitoring are summarised in Table 14
Table 13: Details of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations S. No. Location No Location Coordinates of the Sampling Locations 1 A-1 Project Site 160 39’04.93”N, 730 19’ 59.24”E 2 A-2 Vetye 160 41’31.09”N, 730 19’ 50.18”E 3 A-3 Panere 160 41’09.62”N, 730 21’ 46.12”E 4 A-4 Dhaulvali 160 39’30.16”N, 730 22’ 39.16”E 5 A-5 Nate 160 38’18.21”N, 730 21’ 46.17”E 6 A-6 Chavhatwadi 160 38’12.85”N, 730 21’ 12.57”E 7 A-7 Tulsundewadi 160 37’31.63”N, 730 20’ 45.10”E 8 A-8 Ambolgad 160 38’32.87”N, 730 19’ 41.39”E Source : BALPL
Table 14: Summary of AAQ for Premonsoon Season (2015) (µg/M3) Station Code PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOX CO O3 Project Site 52.6 20.4 10.5 13 <0.1 16.2 Vetye 50.1 20.1 10.4 14.3 <0.1 18.9 Panere 49.1 18.6 12.8 16.2 <0.1 15.3 Dhaulvali 50.1 18.7 13.1 16.8 <0.1 14.5 Nate 56.5 17 11 15.3 <0.1 12.1 Chavhatwadi 49 16.8 11.5 15.7 <0.1 16.9 Tulsundewadi 51.5 20.3 10.4 15.3 <0.1 17.2 Ambolgad 50.4 18.6 10.8 16.2 <0.1 14.6 NAAQ Standards 100 60 80 80 24 100 Annual/24 Hr Source : BALPL Station Code Pb NH3 Benzene BaP As Ni Project Site <0.01 20.6 <0.01 <.0.1 <.0.1 <.0.1 Vetye <0.01 20.3 <0.01 <.0.1 <.0.1 <.0.1 Panere <0.01 21.5 <0.01 <.0.1 <.0.1 <.0.1
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Station Code Pb NH3 Benzene BaP As Ni Dhaulvali <0.01 21.3 <0.01 <.0.1 <.0.1 <.0.1 Nate <0.01 20.7 <0.01 <.0.1 <.0.1 <.0.1 Chavhatwadi <0.01 20.5 <0.01 <.0.1 <.0.1 <.0.1 Tulsundewadi <0.01 22.2 <0.01 <.0.1 <.0.1 <.0.1 Ambolgad <0.01 22.6 <0.01 <.0.1 <.0.1 <.0.1 NAAQ Standards 1.0 400 05 01 06 20 Annual/24 Hr
Analysis of Results Ambient air quality monitored during Premonsoon Season viz. Mar-May 2015 in and around the project area indicates that the levels of Particulate Matter (PM10), Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5), Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) and Carbon Monoxide (CO) are well within the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) at all the places. Concentrations of gaseous pollutants viz., SO2, NOx and CO were also observed to be well within the permissible limits.
The maximum PM 10 Concentration of 56.5 is observed at Nate Village and minimum of 49 at Chavhatwadi. The maximum PM 2.5 Concentration of 20.4 is observed at Project Site and minimum of 16.8 at Chavhatwadi. The maximum SO2 Concentration of 13.1 is observed at Dhaulvali and minimum of 10.4 at Tulsundewadi and Vateye. The maximum NOx Concentration of 16.8 is observed at Dhaulvali and minimum of 14.3 at Vateye. The maximum Ozone Concentration of 18.9 is observed at Vateye and minimum of 12.1 at Nate. The maximum Ammonia Concentration of 22.6 is observed at Ambolghad and minimum of 20.3 at Veteye. Carbon Monoxide, Lead, Benzene, Benzo A Pyrene, Arscenic and Nickel are below detectable level in all locations. AAQ Results for Premonsoon 2018 data is provided as Annexure VII.
3.3.5 Comparision of AAQ results
The AAQ results of three seasons are provided in the form of graphs for comparision of PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx is provided in Figure 15.
Figure 15 : Comparitive Graphs of AAQ For Premonsoon 2015 & 2018
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3.4 Noise Environment
3.4.1 Noise Environment
Reconnaissance Survey and identification of Sampling Locations A preliminary reconnaissance survey was undertaken to identify the major noise generating sources in the area. The noise at different noise generating sources based on the commercial activities, traffic, etc have been identified. The ambient noise level monitoring has been carried out at all the identified location in the study area.
Noise level monitoring was carried out continuously for 24-hours with one hour interval starting at 0030 hrs to 0030 hrs next day. The noise levels were monitored on working days only and Saturdays, Sundays and public holidays were not monitored. During each hour Leq were directly computed by the instrument based on the sound pressure levels. Lday (Ld) and Lnight (Ln) values were computed using corresponding hourly Leq of day and night respectively. Monitoring was carried out at ‘A’ weighting response and fast mode.
Assessment of Noise Levels The main objective of noise level assessment is to identify all the sources acceptable and unacceptable to study region. The main identified sources of noise include commercial activities, vehicular movement etc.
To know the ambient noise levels in the study area, noise levels were recorded at project site and nearby villages using noise level recorder. The details of the noise level monitoring stations are given in Table 15 and the locations are shown in Figure 16.
Table 15: Details of Noise Quality Monitoring Locations Coordinates of the Sampling S. No. Location No Sampling Location Locations 1 N-1 Project Site 160 39’04.93”N, 730 19’ 59.24”E 2 N-2 Vetye 160 41’31.09”N, 730 19’ 50.18”E 3 N-3 Panere 160 41’09.62”N, 730 21’ 46.12”E 4 N-4 Dhaulvali 160 39’30.16”N, 730 22’ 39.16”E 5 N-5 Nate 160 38’18.21”N, 730 21’ 46.17”E 6 N-6 Chavhatwadi 160 38’12.85”N, 730 21’ 12.57”E 7 N-7 Tulsundewadi 160 37’31.63”N, 730 20’ 45.10”E 8 N-8 Ambolgad 160 38’32.87”N, 730 19’ 41.39”E 9 N-9 Agarwadi 16°37'45.82"N , 73°22'11.20"E 10 N-10 Bharade 16°41'9.42"N , 73°21'20.89"E Source : BALPL
The monitored noise levels at each location were processed to calculate the minimum, maximum, day equivalent and night equivalent values. The summary of the noise level monitoring results is given in Table 16.
Table 16: Noise Levels During Premonsoon Season(2015) [Units: dB(A)] N1 N2 N3 N4 N5 N6 N7 N8 N9 N10 Min 34.2 35.2 33.8 36.1 37.1 36.5 36.7 36.9 37.0 34.2 Max 52.1 53.0 48.9 49.7 50.3 50.1 51.2 51.4 51.2 52.1 Ld 46.6 47.2 45.2 46.0 46.1 46.2 46.7 47.3 47.8 46.6 Ln 43.8 42.6 43.9 44.6 44.2 43.8 44.6 41.9 48.9 46.2 CPCB Standards 75/70 Day 55 dB(A) and Night 45 dB(A) Day/night Source : BALPL
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Figure 16 : Ambient Noise Monitoring Locations
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It is observed that the noise values obtained were within the limits as per the Ambient Air Quality Standards with respect to Noise. Noise Results for Premonsoon 2018 data is provided as Annexure VII.
3.5 Water Environment
Assessment of baseline data on water quality includes . Identification of surface water resources / ground water resources . Assessment of surface and ground water quality
Samples for chemical analysis were collected in polyethylene carbons. Samples collected for metal content were acidified with 1 ml HNO3. Samples for bacteriological analysis were collected in sterilized glass bottles. Selected physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters have been analyzed for projecting the existing water quality status in the study area. Parameters like temperature, Dissolved Oxygen (DO) and pH were analyzed at the time of sample collection.
3.5.1 Surface Water
The surface water sampling locations are shown in the Figure 17, and given in the Table 17 . The analytical results of surface and ground water samples are given in the Table 18.
Table 17: Details of Surface Water Quality Sampling Stations Location Name Coordinates of the Sampling S.No Code Locations 1 SW1 Project Site (Arabian Sea) 160 39’04.93”N, 730 19’ 59.24”E 2 SW2 Ambolgad (Arabian Sea) 160 38’32.87”N, 730 19’ 41.39”E 3 SW3 Nate (Creek) 160 37’59.85”N, 730 21’ 58.57”E 4 SW4 Holi (Creek) 160 37’39.97”N, 730 21’ 17.00”E 5 SW5 Bharadin (Creek) 160 39’14.08”N, 730 21’ 35.15”E 6 SW6 Dalvahi (Creek) 160 39’30.16”N, 730 22’ 39.16”E
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Figure 17 : Surface Water Sampling Locations
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Table 18: Surface Water Quality for Premonsoon Season (2015) Sl.No Tests Project Site Ambolgad Nate Holi Bharadin Dalvahi 1 Colour (Hazen Units) 5 < 5 5 < 5 < 5 < 5 2 Odour Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable 3 Taste Un - Agreeable Un - Agreeable Agreeable Un - Agreeable Un - Agreeable Un - Agreeable 4 pH 7.5 7.2 7.8 7.3 7.5 7.6 5 Turbidity, NTU 3 5 4 3 2 5 6 Total Alkalinity as CaCO3, mg/l 120 115 45 132 143 85 7 Total Hardness as CaCO3, mg/l 4800 6200 85 7343 7533 4344 8 Phosphate as P,mg/l 0.05 0.06 0.96 0.05 0..8 0.06 9 Iron as Fe, mg/l 0.09 0.17 0.13 0.21 0.2 0.18 10 Chlorides as Cl, mg/l 13453 14234 24 15342 16995 17432 11 Total Dissolved Solids, mg/l 23474 23257 86 32142 43250 27450 12 Calcium as Ca, mg/l 286 459 8 843 790 650 13 Magnesium as Mg, mg/l 1297 1421 3.8 1543 1430 1452 14 Sulphate as SO4, mg/l 1204 1054 9 1321 1420 1384 15 Nitrate as NO3, mg/l 6 4 5 5 3 4 16 Fluoride as F, mg/l 1.2 1.1 0.8 0.4 0.8 0.4 17 Boron as B, mg/l 3.1 3.5 < 0.1 3.8 4.2 3.5 Residual free, Chlorine, mg/l (If 18 Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Chlorinated) 19 Copper as Cu, mg/l < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 20 Manganese as Mn, mg/l < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 21 Phenolic Compounds as C6H5OH, mg/l < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 22 Mercury as Hg, mg/l < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 23 Cadmium as Cd, mg/l <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 24 Selenium as Se, mg/l < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 25 Total Arsenic as As, mg/l < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 26 Cyanide as CN, mg/l < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 27 Lead as Pb , mg/l < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 28 Zinc as Zn, mg/l < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 29 Anionic Detergents as MBAS, mg/l < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 30 Total Chromium as Cr, mg/l < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 31 Mineral Oil, mg/l Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent
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Sl.No Tests Project Site Ambolgad Nate Holi Bharadin Dalvahi 32 Sodium as Na, mg/l 6543 8543 15 7456 8400 7650 33 Potassium as K, mg/l 145 123 2 85 26 20 34 Total Coliform, MPN/100 ml 12 12 11 10 5 8 35 Fecal Coliform, MPN/100 ml <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 36 Electrical Conductivity (at 25 oC) µmho/cm 38.6 4302 5298 23.8 4213 28.6 37 Suspended Solids mg/l 69 28 9 12 14 21 38 Dissolved Oxygen mg/l 4.2 5.8 5.0 5.8 4.2 4.8 39 Nitrite (as NO2) mg/l <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 40 Ammonical Nitrogen mg/l <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 42 Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen mg/l 121 112 118 122 116 112 Source : BALPL
Observations pH varies from minimum of 7.2 at Ambolgad to maximum of 7.8 at Nate. Total Hardness ranges from minimum of 85mg/l at Nate to maximum of 7533mg/l at Bhardin. Total Dissolved Solids ranges from minimum of 86mg/l at Nate to maximum of 43250 mg/l at Bhardin. Flourides ranges from minimum of 0.4mg/l at Holi and Bharadin to maximum of 1.2 mg/l at Project Site. All heavy metal values are below detectable level. Surface Water Results for Premonsoon 2018 data is provided as Annexure VII.
3.5.2 Ground Water Resources
The Ground water sampling locations are shown in the Figure 18 and given in the Table 19 . The analytical results of surface and ground water samples are given in the Table 20.
Table 19: Details of Ground Water Quality Sampling Stations S.No Code Name of Sampling Station Coordinates of the Sampling Locations 1 GW1 Project Site 160 39’04.93”N, 730 19’ 59.24”E 2 GW2 Ambolgad 160 38’32.87”N, 730 19’ 41.39”E 3 GW3 Chavhatwadi 160 38’12.85”N, 730 21’ 12.57”E 4 GW4 Jaitpur 160 37’21.97”N,730 22’ 05.00”E 5 GW5 Nate 160 38’18.21”N, 730 21’ 46.17”E 6 GW6 Dhaulvali 160 39’30.16”N, 730 22’ 39.16”E 7 GW7 Panere 160 41’09.62”N, 730 21’ 46.12”E 8 GW8 Vetye 160 41’31.09”N, 730 19’ 50.18”E
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Figure 18 : Ground Water Quality Monitoring Locations
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Chapter-3: Description of Environment
Table 20: Ground Water Quality Data for Premonsoon Season (2015) Project Sl.No Tests Ambolgad Chavhatwadi Jaitpur Nate Dhaulvali Panere Vetye Site 1 Colour (Hazen Units) <5 <5 5 5 5 < 5 5 <5 2 Odour Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable 3 Taste Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable 4 pH 7.5 7.2 7.5 7.4 7.8 7.6 7.4 7.2 5 Turbidity, NTU 2 1 <1 1 <1 2 1 1
6 Total Alkalinity as CaCO3, mg/l 38 329 140 75 123 54 65 45
7 Total Hardness as CaCO3, mg/l 37 342 254 134 75 20 25 40 8 Phosphate as P,mg/l 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.08 0.05 0.03 0.02 0.03 9 Iron as Fe, mg/l 0.08 0.04 0.05 0.02 0.03 0.01 0.02 0.04 10 Chlorides as Cl, mg/l 14 135 110 35 20 20 15 12 11 Total Dissolved Solids, mg/l 74 201 350 150 200 110 115 125 12 Calcium as Ca, mg/l 20 35 60 20 15 40 25 35 13 Magnesium as Mg, mg/l 2 10 10 12 8 4 5 2
14 Sulphate as SO4, mg/l 2 15 24 5 0.5 0.5 2 1
15 Nitrate as NO3, mg/l 0.5 0.7 1 2 2 1 2 1 16 Fluoride as F, mg/l 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.3 0,2 17 Boron as B, mg/l < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 Residual free, Chlorine, mg/l (If 18 Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Chlorinated) 19 Copper as Cu, mg/l < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 20 Manganese as Mn, mg/l < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 Phenolic Compounds as 21 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 C6H5OH, mg/l 22 Mercury as Hg, mg/l < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 23 Cadmium as Cd, mg/l <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 24 Selenium as Se, mg/l < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01
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Project Sl.No Tests Ambolgad Chavhatwadi Jaitpur Nate Dhaulvali Panere Vetye Site 25 Total Arsenic as As, mg/l < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 26 Cyanide as CN, mg/l < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 27 Lead as Pb , mg/l < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 28 Zinc as Zn, mg/l < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 Anionic Detergents as MBAS, 29 < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 mg/l 30 Total Chromium as Cr, mg/l < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 31 Mineral Oil, mg/l Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent 32 Sodium as Na, mg/l 10 75 35 20 25 20 12 10 33 Potassium as K, mg/l < 1 3.5 0.5 1 < 1 0.1 0.1 <1 34 Total Coliform, MPN/100 ml Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent 35 Fecal Coliform, MPN/100 ml Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent 36 Ammonical Nitrogen mg/l <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 37 Salinity mg/l 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 38 Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen mg/l 109 107 104 127 113 110 109 103 39 Nitrite (as NO2) mg/l <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Electrical Conductivity (at 25 oC) 40 302 200 605 70 µmho/cm 305 70 60 200 41 Suspended Solids mg/l 18 9 26 24 18 7 21 18 Source : BALPL
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Observations : The Premonsoon seasons ground water quality was compared with drinking water standards (IS: 10500). The ground water quality in the study area is good. All the parameters are observed to be within the permissible limits as per the drinking water standards (IS: 10500). The ground water can be used for drinking purpose.
The total hardness at Ambolghad and Chavhatwadi were observed to be above the acceptable limit but within the maximum permissible limits. Ground Water Results for Premonsoon 2018 data is provided as Annexure VII.
3.7 Land Environment
3.7.1 Land Use Pattern of the Project Area
The present land use of the project area is given in Table 21.
Table 21: Present Land Use of the Project Area PHASES INTERTIDAL LAND BACK UP LAND TOTAL
Phase I 500.00m x 250.00m 500.00m x 500.00m = 350000 sq. m. = 100000 sq. m. 250000 sq. m. 500.00m x 250.00m 250000 + (500.00m x Phase II 600000 sq. m. = 100000 sq. m. 500.00m) = 500000 sq. m. 500.00m x 250.00m 500000 + (500.00m x Phase III 850000 sq. m. = 100000 sq. m. 500.00m) = 750000 sq. m. 500.00m x 250.00m 750000 + (500.00m x Phase I+IV 1100000 sq. m. = 100000 sq. m. 500.00m) = 1000000 sq. m. Source : ILPPL
3.7.2 Study Area
The spatial resolution and the spectral bands in which the sensor collects the remotely sensed data are two important parameters for any land use survey. IRS P6 LISS III data offers spatial resolution of 23.5 m. The data was collected in four bands namely green band (0.52 – 0.59 µ), red band (0.62 – 0.69 µ), NIR band (0.77 – 0.89 µ) and SWIR band (1.55 – 1.75 µ) with receptivity period of 24 days. Four spectral bands provide high degree of measurability through the band combination used in FCC product. These features of the IRS data are particularly important for better comprehension and delineation of the land use classes. Hence, IRS P6, LISS III data has been used for land use mapping.
Objectives To determine the present Land use pattern To analyze the impacts on Land use due to the proposed project; To give recommendations for optimizing the future Land use pattern.
Methodology Salient features of the adopted methodology are given below: Acquisition of satellite data. Preparation of base map from Survey of India toposheets. Data analysis using visual interpretation techniques. Ground truth studies, field checks. Finalization of the map. Digitization using head up vectorisation method. Topology construction in GIS environment. Area calculation for statistics generation.
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The interpretation of the imagery was done visually using various interpretation keys. Tone, colour, texture, structure and association criteria are used for categorizing different Land use/ Land cover classes to its respective unit. The various interpretation keys are cross verified on ground for refining the mapping.
There are 57 villages in the 10 km radius study area of the project. The land use pattern of the study area was studies based on Census 2011 data and from the latest satellite imagery. The village wise land use pattern of the study area based on Census 2011 is given in Annexure V. The land use pattern of the study area based on satellite imagery is given in Table 22 and the land use pattern is shown in Figure 19 Satellite imagery is provided as Figure 20.
Table 22: Land Use Pattern in Study Area as per Satellite Imagery (IRS-LISS III IMAGE) Land Use Area Area S.No. Level-I Level-II (Hectares) (%) 1 Built-up Land 1.34 1.1 Settlements 377 1.20 1.2 Industry/Institutional Land 43 0.14 2 Forest 0.00 2.1 Reserved/Protected Forest 0 0.00 3 Agricltural land 9.82 3.1 Plantation 664 2.11 3.2 Irrigated/Double Crop 43 0.14 Other Agriculture Land/Single 3.3 Crop 2259 7.19 3.4 Fallow Land 121 0.38 4 Waste Land 38.84 4.1 Land with Scrub 6112 19.46 4.2 Land without Scrub 2106 6.70 4.3 Rocky/Stony/Barren Land 3959 12.60 4.4 Quarry/Mining Land 25 0.08 5 Water Body 48.75 5.1 Stream/River/Canal 620 1.97 5.2 Reservoir/Tank/Pond 17 0.05 5.3 Water Logged 38 0.12 5.4 Arabian Sea 14643 46.61 6 Wetlands 0.76 6.1 Mudflats/Marshy Land 196 0.63 6.2 Swamp/Mangroves 39 0.13 7 Others 0.48 7.1 Aquaculture Ponds 45 0.14 Tidal Zone - Coastal Sand & 7.2 rocky/boulders 108 0.34 Total 31415 100.00 Source : BALPL
Based on the above table, it can be observed that, about 48.75% of the study area is covered by water bodies followed by 38.84 % waste land. Agricultural Land cover about 9.82% of the study area.
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3.7.3 Soil Quality
Determination of the soil quality is necessary to assess the fertility of the soil and the type of plantation it can grow. It is essential to determine the potential of soil in the area and identify the impacts of project activity on soil quality. The present study on the soil profile establishes the baseline characteristics. Soil could well represent the topsoil cover, which is rich in nutrient content, where additional features like the textural class, infiltration rate, field capacity & wilting coefficient, pH etc are important.
At each location, soil samples were collected from three different depths viz. 30 cm, 60 cm and 90 cm below the surface and are homogenized. This is in line with IS: 2720 & Methods of Soil Analysis, Part-1, 2nd edition, 1986 of (American Society for Agronomy and Soil Science Society of America). The homogenized samples were analyzed for physical and chemical characteristics.
The samples have been analyzed as per the established scientific methods for physico- chemical parameters. The heavy metals have been analyzed by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer and Inductive Coupled Plasma Analyzer.
In order to study the soil profile of the region, sampling locations were selected to assess the existing soil conditions around the project area representing various land use conditions. Seven soil sampling locations have been identified with the following objectives: . To determine the baseline soil characteristics of the study area . To determine the impact of Jetty activity on soil characterization; and . To determine the impact on soils more importantly from agricultural productivity point of view.
The sampling locations are given in Table 23 and are shown in Figure 21. The soil samples from the 7 locations were analyzed for physico-chemical parameters and results are given in Table 24. The soil quality results were compared with the Rating chart developed by Indian Council of Agriculture Research, New Delhi and is given in Table 25.
Table 23: Soil Sampling Locations S. No Location Location Coordinates of the Sampling Locations No 1 S1 Project Site 160 39’04.93”N, 730 19’ 59.24”E 2 S2 Ambolgad 160 38’32.87”N, 730 19’ 41.39”E 3 S3 Chavhatwadi 160 38’12.85”N, 730 21’ 12.57”E 4 S4 Jaitpur 160 37’21.97”N,730 22’ 05.00”E 5 S5 Baradih 160 39’14.08”N, 730 21’ 35.15”E 6 S6 Dhaulvali 160 39’30.16”N, 730 22’ 39.16”E 0 0 7 S7 Bharede 16 38’18.21”N, 73 21’ 46.17”E Source : BALPL
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Figure 19 : Land Use Land Cover Map
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Figure 20 : Satellite Imagery
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Figure 21 : Soil Sampling Locations
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Table 24: Soil Quality Results For Premonsoon Season (2015) Soil Sampling Stations S. Parameters Unit Project No Ambolgad Chavhatwadi Jaitpur Baradih Dhaulvali Bharede Site pH of 10% 1 pH 6.5 7.1 6.8 6.2 7.4 7.8 6.8 suspension Moisture 2 content at % 22.4 21 23.1 22.4 21.3 28.2 19.3 105ºC Water holding 3 % 52 49 55 43 39 42 46 capacity Organic 4 % 4.2 4.9 4.5 5.3 3.9 4.8 5.1 Carbon Free Kg/h 5 Ammonical 154 284 315 480 321 179 253 a Nitrogen Potassium as Kg/h 6 73 123 76 87 97 71 95 K a Phosphorous Kg/h 7 1.8 2,6 2.3 3.3 3.9 2.6 2.6 as P a 8 Copper as Cu ppm 1 2 2 2.5 2.2 1 2 Cadmium as BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 9 ppm BDL Cd Chromium as BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 10 ppm Cr Particle size distribution Gravel % 19.02 11.51 17.29 15.49 19.22 21.49 20.69 Coarse Sand % 23.15 6.03 19.24 18.34 18.54 14.54 19.34 Medium Sand % 15.32 12.73 17.41 14.31 18.32 1361 19.89 11 Fine Sand % 14.37 6.3 21.93 23.83 19.45 21.93 20.3 Coarse Silt % 21.47 23.61 19.13 15.12 21.33 17.15 13.21 Medium Silt % 2.31 4.73 3.1 3.9 4.2 4.16 2.73 Fine Silt % 1.93 25.2 2.71 3.21 3.71 3.71 1.61 Clay % 1.3 19.4 3.19 4.11 2.89 2.69 2.23 Source : BALPL Note: SL – Sandy Loam; SC –Sandy Clay; SCL – Sandy Clay Loam; SiCL – Silt Clay Loam SiL – Silt Loam
Interpretation of Results . The pH values of the soil samples collected were in the range of 6.2 – 7.8 . Water holding capacity is in the range of 39– 55% . Organic matter % in the range of 3.9 – 5.3 mg/l . The nutrients like N, P and K are in moderate concentration in all the samples
Table 25: Rating Chart of the Soil Test Data Nutrient Units Low Medium High Organic Carbon (as measure of available % Below 0.5 0.5 – 0.75 Above 0.75 Nitrogen) Available Nitrogen (N) Kg/ha Below 280 280-560 Above 560 Available Phosphorus (P) Kg/ha Below 10 10-25 Above 25 Available Potassium (K) Kg/ha Below 110 110-280 Above 280
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Nutrient Units Low Medium High pH Tending to Normal to Acidic become Alkaline saline alkaline Below 6.0-8.5 8.6-9.0 Above 9.0 6.0 Total Soluble salts Normal Critical for Critical for Injurious to (Conductivity in germination growth of the most crops Millimhos/cm) sensitive crops Below 1.0-2.0 2.0-4.0 Above 4.0 1.0 Source: Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi)
From the soil quality analysis, it is observed that the soil is having normal to saline pH and low to medium fertility. The soil in the project area shows poor fertility. Also, the soils in agriculture lands in the nearby villages need to add fertilisers to improve its fertility. Soil Quality Results for Premonsoon 2018 data is provided as Annexure VII.
3.7.4 Geology
Regional Geology The region is covered extensively by Deccan Basalt lavas of Upper Cretaceous to Palaeogene age. The intrusive phase has very limited extent. The plateau tops along the coast are covered by laterite. Quarternary formations comprising clay, silt sandstone cover the laterite and basalts at few places along the coast. Quartzites of Kaladgi formation of Neo proterozoic age occur as isolated outcrops in the southern part of the district.
The Deccan Basalts are classified into mainly ‘aa’ andsimple flows and has been grouped under the Sahyadri Group and is divisible into three formations. The youngest of these formations is Diveghat Formation and is confined to eastern half of the district up to Devrukh in the south. This formation consists mainly ‘aa’ and simple type of flows. The overlying Purandargarh Formation consists mostly of asphyric to feldspar phyric flows. The top of this formation is marked by a Megacrystic flow (M4) of 20 to 25 m thickness with very coarse to large size plagioclase phenocrysts. This formation is seen exposed at 350 to 400 m level. The top Mahabaleshwar Formation consists of essentially of ‘aa’ to simple type of flows which are feldspar phyric and with columnar joints. This formation is seen exposed along the border of the district.
A near horizontal disposition of the basalt flows along the continental divide is significant. Flow gradient varies from 1:120 to 1:150 in a westerly direction. Joints trend in N-W, E-W, ENE-WSW, NW-SE. Basic dykes of dolerite to gabbroic composition are noticed in the northern part of the district and extend in length up to 4 kms. Some of the dykes are porphyiritic in nature. Primary laterite and laterite spread covering the Deccan Traps are noticed in vast areas of the district. In the coastal area, laterite capping is very extensive. Primary laterite has 15 to 25 m thickness. Stratigraphic succession of the region based on GSI publication is presented in Table 26.
Table 26: Stratigraphic Succession of the Region Lithology Stratigraphic Status Age Nature & Characteristics Alluvium Quarternary Occurs as 5 to 20 m thick coastal sand, silty clay gravel. Coastal plains covered by alluvial terraces along sea shores, creeks. Also occurs as submerged spits, bars.
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Lithology Stratigraphic Status Age Nature & Characteristics Laterite Cainozoic Occurs as primary laterite and lterite spreads. Covers both Deccan Traps and Kaladgis as cappings. Laterite spread is extensive in coastal area. Laterite seen on high plateau as well as on low. Normally primary laterite has 10 to 25 m thickness. Pisolitic laterite cover is also seen. Bauxite, laterite seen on high plateau as well as on low lying plateau. Basic dykes Doleritic to gabbroic in composition. Seen in southern part with a width ranging from 2 to 5000 m. some of the dykes are porphyritic in nature. Essentially Hard, compact, dark grey and ‘aa’/simple Mahabaleswar fine grained. Felspar pyric, flows (350- Formation columnar jointed ‘aa’ flows. 400m) Extensively developed formation. Megacryst Hard, fine grained, compact, (M4) flows Purandargarh dark grey coloured. Simple ‘aa’ Mainly ‘aa’ Formation flows constitute major part of the flows/simple formation. flows Sahyadri Upper Mainly ‘aa’ Hard, dark grey, compact Group Cretaceous flows/simple formation. Occurs as well spread Diveghat (Deccan to flows (350- formation from the northernmost Formation Trap) Palaeogene 400m) part up to Devrukh. Occupies vast area. Essentially pahoehoe Karla flows (250 Formation m) Sedimentary Occurs as comparatively small Kaladgi Quartzite isolated exposures in the Formation southern part.
Geology of the Study Area Laterite belonging to Cainozoic age which is formed due to tropical weathering of Deccan Trap basalt is the most predominant formation in the eastern half of the study area with Arabian Sea spread in the western half covering about 46.61% of the study area. laterites both primary and secondary in nature occupy extensive areas of low lying tracts and coastal part, concealing wholly or partially the underlying Deccan Traps. Primary laterite restricted to plateau tops along the coastal exhibiting vermicular to piolotic texture are red to brownish earthy colour and are underlain by lithomarge clay of variegated colours. The laterite is generally ferruginous in character with occasional concentration of pisolitic bauxite. The thickness of laterites varies from place to place and ranges from 5 m to as much as 25 m.
On river banks and on sea shore at many places, shallow alluvium and beach sands occur. The alluvium in these areas is derived either from the trap rock or the laterites.
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Basaltic lava flows of Purandargarh Formation, Upper Cretaceous to Palaeogene age occur in the southeast and northern parts of the study area. The lava flows are predominantly of ‘aa’ type.
There are no major fault zones around the project site and in the study area. Geology of the study area based on GSI publication is presented in Figure 22.
Geomorphology The study area and its surroundings are occupied with highly uneven nature and very narrow riverine plains that fringe the coastline. In the center are traverses chains of small hills, which project from the main ranges, develop higher elevation in the middle portion. These are separated from each other by undulating plateaus having elevation in the middle portion. The physiography of the study area given rise to five major characteristics land forms namely coastlines, active flood plains, lateritic plateaus, residual hills and scrap faces of the Sahyadri hills.
Hydrogeology Deccan Trap Basalt & laterites forms an important water bearing formation in the study area. In the basalts primary porosity in the vesicular units is negligible due to lack of interconnection and secondary filling. The secondary porosity due to cooling joints, partition planes, cracks and fissures play an important role in ground water circulation especially in the highly porous ‘pahoehoe’ flows. Degree of weathering and topographic setting also plays a major role in respect of productivity. In Basalt, ground water occurs in Vesicular and Massive Basalt as well as inter-flow zones in weathered mantle and fractured zones. In general, ground water occurs under water table conditions in shallow aquifer and semi-confined to confined conditions in deeper aquifer. The unconfined aquifer is developed due to the weathering and jointing of upper flow in Basalt down to depth of 15- 20 m bgl and the yield of the wells tapping such aquifer varies from 15 to 145 m3/day. Borewells are not common in the study area due to poor ground water potential of deeper aquifers of Deccan Traps and their yield varies between 2 and 20 m3/ hr.
Laterite has better porosity due to intricate network of sinuous conduits making it porous formation. The ground water circulates through a network of voids and conduits, joints and fractures. The lithomargic clay occurring at base act as aquiclude preventing further percolation of ground water and springs emerge at this contact due to lateral movement of ground water. Only dugwells are found in this formation tapping aquifer down to about 15 m and their yield varies from about 4 to 22 m3/day. Depth of groundwater levels during Pre-Monsoon season ranging between 5m to 10m m bgl & Post-Monsoon season ranging between 2 to 5 m bgl.
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Figure 22 : Geology of the Study Area
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Earthquakes and Seismic Zone The Indian subcontinent has a history of devastating earthquakes. The major reason for the high frequency and intensity of the earthquakes is that the Indian plate is driving into Asia at a rate of approximately 47 mm/year. Geographical statistics of India show that almost 54% of the land is vulnerable to earthquakes. The latest version seismic zoning map of India given in the earthquake resistant code of India (IS 1893 (Part 1) 2002) assigns four levels of seismicity for India in terms of zone factors. In other words, the earthquake zoning map of India divides India into 4 seismic zones (Zone 2, 3, 4 and 5) unlike its previous version, which consisted of five or six zones for the country. According to the present zoning map, Zone 5 expects the highest level of seismicity whereas Zone 2 is associated with the lowest level of seismicity. The MSK (Medvedev-Sponheuer-Karnik) intensity broadly associated with the various seismic zones is VI (or less), VII, VIII and IX (and above) for Zone 2, 3, 4, and 5 respectively, corresponding to Maximum Considered Earthquake (MCE). Each zone indicates the effects of an earthquake at a particular place based on the observations of the affected areas and can also be described using a descriptive scale like Modified Mercalli Intensity Sale or the Medvedev-Sponheuer-Karnik Scale.As per the revised Earthquake Hazard Map (showing faults, thrusts and earthquakes of magnitude 5), National Disaster Management Authority, Government of India, the proposed project site falls in Moderate Damage Risk Zone - Zone 3 (MSK VII) and is shown in Figure 23.
Project Site
(Source: Building Materials and Technology Promotion Council, Govt. of India) Figure 23 : Earthquake Hazard Map
As per the Wind and Cyclone map provided in vulnerability Atlas and as Figure 24 the proposed project area falls under Moderate Damage Risk Zone B – (Vb=39m/s)
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Project Site
Figure 24 : Wind & Cyclone Hazard Map
3.8 Biological Environment
To establish the baseline ecological status of the study area, a biological study has been carried within the study area. This would be helpful for assessing the impacts of proposed project on the biological environment of the area.
3.8.1 Introduction
Biotic components (Flora and Fauna) along with abiotic components constitute the environment and both components are interrelated. They always interact between themselves and with abiotic components like Air, Water and Land. Any change in abiotic component is substantially effects the biological community. A change in the abiotic components.
3.8.2 Objectives and Scope of the Work
The main objective of the study is to assess biological resources and ascertain probable impacts of the project activities on the floral and fuanal diversity in the study area (10 km radius of the proposed project).
The primary objectives of the study are: To understand the floral and faunal status of the project study area To understand status of threatened species (if any) To identify wildlife habitat of the area (if any) To identify likely impacts of the proposed project activities on flora, fauna and their natural habitats. To suggest mitigation measures to minimize impacts on ecological conditions.
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3.8.3 Methodology for the Study of Flora and Fauna
Information on flora and fauna for core and buffer areas are collected through field studies.
Floral Diversity: The terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems of core and buffer areas were surveyed separately at various habitats / places. All the species encountered were identified and recorded.
Faunal Diversity: The available fauna in the core and buffer area was enlisted through actual observations. Also, local people were contacted for understanding the presence of various species (specially mammal and herpetofauna). Available secondary information from scientific literature, research studies, forest department have been used to strengthen baseline data.
3.8.4 Study / Survey Locations
Project site / core zone, and buffer zone covering various habitats (terrestrial and coastal) near Kasheli, Vetye, Tiware, Musakazi, Ambolgarh, Nate, Madban, Dandewadi, Adivre, Barade (ESA village),Jaitapur, Vada Waghran Dhaulvali, .
3.8.5 Ecologically Sensitive Area (ESA)
There are no declared reserve forest in the project area. As per the MoEF Letter Ref No: F.NO.1-4/2012 - RE (Pt.) / dated 13.11.2013, on Western Ghats – Ecologically sensitive Area (ESA), one declared village named as Bharade is at a distance of about 4.5 kms from the proposed Jetty. However, proposed project operations are sea based activities.
3.8.6 Habitats of the project area
Project site / Core Zone Proposed project site mainly encompasses rocky terrain with sandy shoreand open sea area. Site photographs / views are given in the following `.
Project site - rocky terrain Coconut plantation in project site
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Sea shore area of the project site Source: Photographs taken during field survey by BALPL Figure 25 : Views of Proposed Project Site
Buffer Zone Buffer zone mainly consists of agriculture area (mango, coconut etc. plantation), dense to sparse vegetated hilly areas, open spaces consist of grasses, mangroves, mud flats, rocky and sandy sea shores.
Terrestrial Habitats Different types of terrestrial habitates found in core and buffer zone of the project site are provided with photographs below.
Open spaces with grass Coconut plantation
Mango orchard Hilly area with sparse vegetation
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Hilly area with dense vegetation
Source: Photographs taken during field survey by BALPL Figure 26 : Terrestrial Habitats
3.8.7 Marine / Coastal Habitats
Kasheli, Ambolgarh Rocky shore Madban, Jaitapur, Ambolgarh Sandy shore Nate creek Muddy shore
Rockey sea shore of Kasheli Sandy sea sore near Vetye
Rocky sea shore near Muzakashi Sandy sea shore near Ambolgarh
Sandy shore near Madban Mangroove patch near Madban
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Nate creek Mangrove in Nate creek
Mangrove in Nate creek Mangroove patch near Dandewadi Source: Photographs taken during field survey by BALPL Figure 27 : Coastal Habitats
3.8.8 Flora of the Study Area
Project Site Project site / Core zone recorded with 8 species which includes 6 tree species, 2 shrub species and 1 grass species. Flora recorded in the core zone and buffer zone is given in Table 27.
Table 27: List of Flora in Core Zone S. No Local name Botanical name Habit 1 Mango Mangifera indica Tree 2 Coconut Cocos nucifera Tree 3 Saru Casuarina equisetifolia Tree 4 Cashew Nut Anacardium occidentale Tree 5 Moi, Shemat, Shimati, Shinti Lannea coromandelica Tree 6 Karvand, Karonda Carissa carandas Shrub 7 Bakara/Devari Ixora sp. Shrub 8 Kharas Gavat / Tambit Gavat Apluda mutica Grass Source: Survey by BALPL
Lannea coromandelica ixora sp.
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Apluda mutica (dry grass) Carissa carandas Source: Photographs taken during field survey by BALPL Figure 28 : Some Flora from Project Site
Buffer Zone Total 277 floral species have been enlisted from primary and secondary sources. All species are tabulated in the Table 28. Among plant species, apart from mango, coconut and cashewnut other dominant species includes Terminalia paniculata, Terminalia tomentosa, and Memecylon umbellatum. Among shrubs, Holarrhaena pubescens, Carrisa congesta and Zizyphus rugosa found common. Similarly, among herb, Daedalacanthus roseus were observed to be dominants while Hemidesmus indicus, Dioscorea bulbifera and Smilax macrophylla were dominants among the climbers. Mangroves species found in the study area include Avicennia officinalis, Avicennia marina, Sonneratia caseolaris, Acanthus ilicifolius and Rhizophora mucronata.
Table 28: Flora in Buffer Zone Habit Common Name Botanical name Tree Australian babool Acacia auriculiformis Tree Khair Acacia catechu Tree Khair Acacia saundra* Tree Acrocarpus Acrocarpus fraxinifolius* Tree Bel Aegle marmelos* Tree Murmi Aglaia lawii* Tree Maharuk Ailanthus excelsa* Tree Shiras Albizia procera Tree Sarvada Alseodaphne semecarpifolia* Tree Satwin Alstonia scholaris* Tree Kaju Anacardium occidentale* Tree Ramfal Annona reticulata Tree Kadamb Anthocephalus cadamba* Tree Niv Anthocephalus chinensis* Tree Otsoal Antiaris toxicaria* Tree Supari Areca catechu Tree Nir Phanas Artocarpus incises Tree Phanas Artocarpus integrifolius* Tree Twir (Mangrove) Avicennia marina Tree Twir (Mangrove) Avicennia officinalis Tree Nivar Barringtonia acutangula*
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Habit Common Name Botanical name Tree Apta Bauhinia racemosa* Tree Savar Bombax ceiba Tree Asana, Katak Bridelia retusa Tree Zumbar (Mangrove) Bruguiera gymnorrhiza Tree Charoli Buchanania cochinchinensis* Tree Palas Butea monosperma* Tree Sagargota Caesalpinia bonducella* Tree Surangi Calophyllum inophyllum* Tree Kumbhi, Kumbha Careya arborea Tree Surmad Caryota urens* Tree Suru Casuarina equisetifolia Tree Pandhari Savar Ceiba pentandra* Tree Pati Celtis timorensis* Tree -- Ceriops tagal Tree Dalchin Cinnamomum verum* Tree Coconut Cocos nucifera Tree Bhokar Cordia dichotoma* Tree Shisham Dalbergia latifolia Tree Gulmohar Delonix regia Tree Mota Karmbal Dillenia indica* Tree Piwala karmal Dillenia pentagyna Tree Tembhurni Diospyros malabarica* Tree Putranjiva Drypetes roxburghii* Tree Aavla Emblica officinalis Tree Cheri Erinocarpus nimmoanus* Tree Pangera Erythrina variegata* Tree Nilgari (Sitadora) Eucalyptus citriodora* Tree Astha / payar Ficus arnottiana* Tree Vad Ficus bengalensis Tree Kel Ficus callosa* Tree Umber Ficus glomerata Tree Bokida/ Kala umber Ficus hispida* Tree Umbar Ficus racemosa* Tree Pimpal Ficus religiosa* Tree Garud Ficus sp. Tree Bharkoi Firmiana colorata Tree Atak Flacourtia sp.* Tree Kokam Garcinia indica Tree Ghogar, Papda, Pendro Gardenia latifolia Tree Salai Glochidion velutinum* Tree Shivan Gmelina arborea* Tree Dhaman Grewia serrulata Tree Dhaman Grewia tilifolia*
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Habit Common Name Botanical name Tree Haladu Haldina cordifolia* Tree Varas Heterophragma quadriloculare* Tree Indrajava Holarrhena antidysenterica* Tree Pandhara kuda Holarrhena pubescens* Tree Ran Biba Holigarna grahamiiKurz* Tree Wawala Holoptelea integrifolia* Tree Kuvati / Kadu kavat Hydnocarpus pentandrus* Tree Khurai Ixora sp.* Tree Karamal Justicia procumbens* Tree Nana Bondara Lagerstroemia microcarpa Tree Nana Lagerstroemia parviflora* Tree Rametha Lasiosiphon eriocephalus Tree Subabul Leuceana leucocephala Tree Chandvad Macaranga peltata Tree Chandiwada Macaranga peltata* Tree Moha Madhuca latifolia* Tree Amba Mangifera indica Tree Khirni, Rayan Manilkara hexandra Tree Anjan Memecylon umbellatum Tree Nagkeshar Mesua ferrea* Tree Nagchapha Mesua ferrea* Tree Avaln Meyna laxiflora* Tree Bakul Mimusops elengi* Tree Kadam Mitragyna pervifolia Tree Nagakunda, Noni Morinda citrifolia Tree Noni Morinda pubescens* Tree Sevga Moringa oleifera Tree Pitmari Naregamia alata* Tree Ambavali Nothopegia colebrookianum* Tree Awla Phyllanthus emblica Tree Karanj Pongamia pinnata Tree Kharshing Radermachera xylocarpa* Tree Hadaka Rauvolfia verticillata* Tree Kandal (Mangrove) Rhizophora mucronata Tree Kilcha Sageraea laurifolia* Tree Mirzoli Salvadora persica* Tree Chandan Santalum album* Tree Rita Sapindus laurifolia* Tree Sita Ashok Saraca asoca* Tree Kosamb Schleichera oleosa* Tree Biba Semecarpus anacardium* Tree Kandal (Mangrove) Sonneratia caseolaris Tree Gaidhad Sterculia guttata*
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Habit Common Name Botanical name Tree Kajra, Kuchala Strychnos nux-vomica Tree Jamun Syzygium cumini Tree Chinch Tamarindus indica* Tree Piwala Casia Tecoma stans* Tree Sag Tectona grandis Tree Arjun Terminalia arjuna* Tree Hirda Terminalia chebula Tree Kinjal Terminalia paniculata# (endemic) Tree Ain Terminalia tomentosa Tree Ranbhendi Thespesia lampas* Tree Ran Bhendi (Lal) Thespesia populnea* Tree Muchundi Trivia polycarpa Tree Wala Vetiveria lawsonii* Tree Kalakuda Wrightia tinctoria* Tree Sutavi / Kate kumbal, Hanmanti Xantolis tomentosa* Tree Jambha Xylia xylocarpa* Tree Triphala Zanthoxylum rhetsa* Tree Toran Ziziphus rugosa* ## (endemic) Shrub Maramdo, Marandi Acanthus ilicifolius Shrub Aghada Achyranthes aspera Shrub Tipani Allophylus cobbe Shrub Kardal Ancistrocladus heyneanus* Shrub Kate Koranti Barleria prionitis Shrub Amti Bruguiera gymnorrhiza* Shrub Kalwai Callicarpa tomentosa* Shrub Rui/ Madar Calotropis procera Shrub Karvanda Carissa congesta Shrub Bharangi Clerodendrum serratum* Shrub Matta Mavashi Colebrookea oppositifolia* Shrub Halvi Combretum sp.* Shrub Karbella Desmodium sp.* Shrub Wavding Embelia ribes* Shrub Ran Aboli Eranthemum roseum* Shrub Cactus Euphorbia antiquorum Shrub Makadzad Glycosmis pentaphylla* Shrub Murudsheng Helicteres isora Shrub Pandhara kuda Holarrhaena pubescens Shrub Pendgul Ixora coccinea* Shrub Ratanjyot Jatropha curcas Shrub Vanerand Jatropha gossipifolia Shrub Adhulasa Justicia adathoda* Shrub Adulsa Justicia adhatoda Shrub Ghaneri Lantana camara
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Habit Common Name Botanical name Shrub Ghaneri Lantana camara* Shrub Rametta Lasiosiphon eriocephalus* Shrub Dhinda Leea indica Shrub Kunkuphal, Rohini / Shendri Mallotus philippensis* Shrub Ekali Maytenus rothiana* Shrub Nivdung Opuntia esculanta Shrub Lilimbi / Kanguni Phyllanthus reticulatus* Shrub Chitrak Plumbago zeylanica* Shrub Karvi Strobilanthes callosus Shrub Kapur Bhendi Turraea villosa* Shrub Kanvel Ventilago maderaspatana* Shrub Nirgudi/ Nirgundi Vitex negundo Shrub Daswad Woodfordia fruticosa* Shrub Torani / Borati Zizyphus oenoplia* Shrub Toran/ Churan Zizyphus rugosa Shrub Goti Zizyphus sp.* Herb Mudrika Abutilon ramosum Herb Shembi Acacia concinna* Herb Aghada Achyranthus aspera Herb Neche Adiantum lunulatum Herb Burmbi Aglaia lawii* Herb Amboti Antidesma ghaesembilla* Herb Nataknar (Makadlimbu) Atalantia racemosa* Herb Berki Begonia crenata Herb Bhambrud Blumea lacara Herb Chikni Bridelia scandens* Herb Karvand Carissa carandas* Herb Chinchni Cassia mimosoides Herb Takla Cassia tora Herb Kombda Celosia argentea Herb Undirkani Centranthera indica Herb Alu Colocasia esculanta Herb Kanpet Commelina forsskalaei Herb Bhokar Cordia myxa Herb Koshta Costus speciosus Herb Khulkuli Crotalaria triquetra Herb Kali musli Curculigo orchioides Herb Dashmuli Daedalacanthus roseus Herb Kokan dipkadi Dipcadi concanensis Herb Rankanda Drimia indica Herb Dashmuli Eranthemum roseum Herb Kolsa Eriocaulon heterolepis Herb -- Fimbristylis littoralis
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Habit Common Name Botanical name Herb Lugdi Flemingia strobilifera* Herb Aasoli Grewia sp.* Herb Chitrangi Grewiasp.* Herb Bhamti Haplanthodes verticillata* Herb Muradsheng Helicteres isora* Herb Daiwari Hibiscus talbotii* Herb Ran bhendi Hibiscus tetraphyllus Herb Shewati Homonoia riparia* Herb Mendi Lawsonia inermis* Herb Dinda Leea indica* Herb Dudhani Leucas longifolia Herb Ranbhendi (Lahan) Mallotus repandus* Herb Vinchvi Martynia annua Herb Lajalu/ Lajari Mimosa pudica Herb -- Murdannia wightii Herb Petkul Phyllanthus sp.* Herb Ranjire Pimpinella tomentosa Herb Pangla Pogostemon parviflorus* Herb Sarpagandha Rauvolfia serpentina Herb Sonki Senecio bombayensis Herb Ran til Sesamum orientale Herb Ran shevri Sesbania aegyptica Herb Bala Sida cordata Herb Atibala Sida cordifolia Herb -- Sida retusa Herb Ran Wange Solanum torvum* Herb Gidsava / Jitasa. Spermadictyon suaveolens* Herb Bandhari Strobilanthes perfoliatus* Herb Kuchala Strychnos nux-vomica* Herb Unhali Tephrosia purpurea Herb Chhota kalpa Trichodesma indicum Herb Dahan Tricholepis glaberrima Herb Chikat gunda Triumfetta rhobidea Herb Tayphani Typhonium roxburghii Herb Ranbhend, Vanbhendi Urena lobate Herb seetechi asve Utricularia sp. Herb Ranbell, Davalgee, Dhavi-rivti Vitex altissima* Herb Kali nirgudi, Songarbi Vitex leucoxylon* Herb Kushiri / Dhayati Woodfordia fruticosa* Climber Raandrakshe Ampelocissus erioclada Climber Vakerivel Caesalpinia cucullata* Climber Bugvel Callopteris floribunda* Climber Uski/ Ukshi Calycopteris floribunda
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Habit Common Name Botanical name Climber Chandwadvel Cissus pallida* Climber Gendal Cissus repanda Climber Kawalivel Cocculus hirsutus* Climber Dasaravel Combretum sp.* Climber Morvel /Pahadvel Cyclea peltata* Climber Karanda/ Dangkand Dioscorea bulbifera Climber Amagul Elaeagnus latifolia* Climber Anantmul, Anant Vel Hemidesmus indicus Climber Halad vel Hiptage benghalensis* Climber Kusari/ Pusar Jasminum malabarium# (endemic) Climber Lygodiu Fiereupsum* Climber Bondvel Merremia umbellata* Climber Kokani Vaghati/ Karvi Vaghati Paramignya monophylla* Climber Kalimiri Piper nigrum* Climber Ghot Vel Smilax ovalifolia / macrophylla Climber Gotvel Smilax zeylanica* Climber Wakeri Tali minor* Climber Kandvel Ventilago maderaspatana* Climber Waghati Wagatea spicata* Grass Karapwel Gavat / Kapuri Gavt. Aerva lanata* Grass Kharas Gavat / Tambit Gavat Apluda mutica Grass Kusal Aristida spp. Grass Kukdus Gavat Arundinella leptochloa* Grass Ranbibba Gavat Bhumcas pp.* Grass Kadkada Canscora diffusa* Grass kurdu Celosia argentea* Grass Gondvel Chloris barbata Grass Marvel Dicanthium annulatum Grass Mahar-nachni Eleusine indica Grass Unidrpunjo Eragrostis ciliaris Grass -- Ischaemum impressum Grass Karak Gavat Oplismenus compositus* Grass Bongarat Gavat Pseudanthistiria heteroclite* Grass Nirkat Gavat Rungia sp.* Grass Kocha Gavat Spodiopogon rhizophora* Grass Kangaru gavat Themeda triandra Bamboo Vet Calamus rotang* Bamboo Muli Bamboo Melocanna baccifera* Bamboo Meskati Bamboo Dendrocalamus strictus Bamboo Pivala Bamboo Bambusa vulgaris*
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Ipomoea pes-caprae Vitex negundo
Ceriops tagal and Acanthus ilicifolius Rhizophora mucronata
Mimosa pudica Zizyphus sp.
Aegiceras corniculatum Eriocaulon heterolepis
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Calotropis procera Euphorbia antiquorum Source: Photographs taken during field survey by BALPL Figure 29 : Some Flora from Buffer Zone
Agriculture / Horticulture Main agricultural crops grown in study area include Paddy (Oryza sativa), Millets includes namely Maize (Zea mays), Pulses, Groundnut (Arachis hypogea), Castor (Ricinus communis), etc. Also, mango orchards, coconut plantation and cashewnut trees are very common in the study area. Banana and Arecanut plants were also observed.
3.8.9 Fauna of the Study Area
Project Site Project site recorded with 5 common bird species (i.e. Indian Roller, Indian House Crow, Common Stone Chat, Indian Robin, and Common Barn Swallow) as direct sightings while 2 mammal species (i.e. Hare and Jungle Cat) included in the list on the basis of occurrence of droppings and pellets respectively. Similarly, a snake species (i.e. Saw Scaled Viper) recorded on the basis of occurrence of skin at proposed project site area.
Jungle Cat droppings within Site Skin of Saw Scale Viper within Site
Hare pallets droppings within Site Source: Photographs taken during field survey by BALPL FIGURE 30 : Faunal Evidences from Project Site
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Buffer Zone Study area encompasses diverse habitats which supports various species of birds, reptiles, mammals and also many invertebrate species also.
Mammals Study area possesses common domestic animals like cattle, goats, dogs as well as some wild animals in different habitats. Totally 11 species enlisted are given in the following table 29.
Table 29: Mammals in the Study Area WPA-1972 Local Name English Name Zoological Name IUCN status Schedule Bimtya* Leopard* Panthera pardus Vulnerable I Vandar Common Langur Semnopithecus entellus Least Concern II Kolha* Jackal* Canis aureus Least Concern II Landga* Wolf* Canis lupus Least Concern I Baul Jungle cat Felis chaus Least Concern II Common Palm IV Khar* Squirrel Funambulus pennanti Least Concern Mungoose Mongoose Herpestes edwardsii Least Concern II Salunki, Sayal* Porcupine* Hystrix indica Least Concern IV Sasa Hare Lepus nigricollis Least Concern IV Ran Dukkar* Wild Pig* Sus scrofa Least Concern III Vat Vagud Flying Fox* Pteropus giganteus Least Concern V
Herpetofauna Herpetofauna reported with 2 species of amphibians and 10 species of reptiles including snakes and lizards. Following species have been recorded on the basis of direct and indirect evidences.
Table 30A: Herpetofauna in the Study Area Sl. WPA-1972 English and Common Name Scientific Name IUCN status No Schedule Amphibians Bufo melanostictus / Least Concern -- Duttaphrynus 1 Common Indian Toad melanostictus Rana tigerina syn. Least Concern IV Hoplobatrachus 2 Indian Bull Frog tigerinus Lizards and Snakes -- 3 Indian Chameleon* Chamaeleo zeylanicus Least Concern -- Common Garden Lizard -- -- 4 (Sarda) Calotes versicolor Hemidactylus -- -- 5 Northern House Gecko flaviviridis 6 Little Skink Mabuya macularia -- -- 7 Common Or Brahminy Skink Mabuya carinata Least Concern -- Common Indian Monitor Least Concern II 8 (Ghorpad)* Varanus bengalensis 9 Indian Cobra (Nag)* Naja naja -- II 10 Russles Viper (Ghonas)* Vipera ruselli Least Concern II 11 Indian Rat Snake (Dhaman)* Ptyas mucosa -- -- 12 Saw Scaled Viper (Phoorsa) Echis carinatus -- IV
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Sl. WPA-1972 English and Common Name Scientific Name IUCN status No Schedule *= included in the list on the basis of information provided by local people.
Source: Photographs taken during field survey by BALPL Figure 31 : Interaction with Local People to Record Faunal Species
Birds / Avifauna Study area recorded with 102 bird species from different habitats during study period. Most of the species falls under schedule-IV as per IWPA, 1972 while some species like Indian- Pied Hornbill, Spotted Owlet, White-Bellied Sea Eagle and Indian Peafowl are categorized as a schedule-I as per WPA-1972. All birds are enlisted in the following table.
Table 30 B: Bird Species in Study Area WPA- S.No Common Name English Name Scientific Name Abundance* 1972 1 Salunkhi Jungle Myna Acridotheres fuscus IV Common 2 Ganga Myna Bank Myna Acridotheres Rare ginginianus 3 Salunkhi, Myna Common/ Indian Acridotheres tristis IV Common Myana 4 Tutwar Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos IV Common 5 Subhaga Common Iora Aegithina tiphia IV Common 6 Gawai Chandol Bharat Indian Small Alauda gulgula IV Common Sky Lark 7 Dhiwar, Khandya Small Blue Kingfisher Alcedo atthis IV Common 8 Lal Munia Red Munia Amandava amandava IV Common 9 Lajri Pankombadi White-Breasted Amaurornis IV Common Waterhen phoenicurus 10 Murari Rufous-tailed Lark Ammomanes IV Common phoenicurus 11 Kakan/ Kakner/ Indian- Pied Hornbill Anthracoceros I Near GarudMalabar coronatus threatened 12 Vanchak, Indian Pond Heron/ Ardeola grayii IV Common BhuraBagla, Kok Paddy Bird 13 Pingala Spotted Owlet Athene brama I Common 14 Gai Gagla Cattle egret Bubulcus ibis IV Common 15 Gulabi chimni Common Rosefinch Carpodacus erythrinus IV Uncommon 16 Bhardwaj,SonkavlaGreater Coucal Centropus sinensis IV Common ,Kukkudkumbha 17 Bhil Kavda,Pachoo Emerald Dove Chalcophaps indica IV Rare Kavda 18 Hirva Bulbul Gold-fronted Chloropsis aurifrons IV Occasional Chloropsis /Leafbird
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WPA- S.No Common Name English Name Scientific Name Abundance* 1972 19 Kavdya Hareen Pied Harrier Circus melanoleucos IV Rare 20 Chatak Pied crested cuckoo Clamator jacobinus IV Common 21 Parwa Blue-Rock Pigeon Columba livia IV Common 22 Dayal, Oriental-Magpie Copsychus saularis IV Common Dominga,Chitko Robin 23 Neelkhanth,Neelpa Indian Roller Coracias benghalensis IV Common nkh 24 Motha Kahua Large Cuckoo Shrike Coracina macei IV Uncommon 25 Kahua Black-headed Coracina melanoptera IV Uncommon Cuckooshrike 26 Domkavla Jungle Crow Corvus macrorhynchos IV Common 27 Kavla Indian House Crow Corvus splendens IV Common 28 Pandharpotya White-Bellied Blue Cyornis pallipes IV Uncommon Nartak Flycatcher 29 Neelang Tickells Blue Fly catcher Cyornis tickelliae IV Common 30 Takachor,Bhera Indian/ Rufous Dendrocitta vagabunda IV Rare Treepie 31 Maratha/Kawdya Yellow-Fronted Pied Dendrocopu IV Common Sutar Woodpecker mahrattensis 32 Kotwal/Bangda/ Black Drongo/King Dicrurus macrocerus IV Common Kolsa/Govinda Crow 33 Sonpathi Sutar Lesser Golden Dinopium benghalense IV Common Backed Woodpecker 34 Lahan Bagla,Chota Little Egret Egretta garzetta IV Common Bagla,Mor Bagla 35 Kapsi Black shouldered Kite Elanus caeruleus IV Common 36 Kokil/ Kokila Asian Koel Eudynamys IV Common scolopacea 37 Sasana,Laggad Lagger Falcon Falco jugger IV Common 38 Kharuchi Common Kestrel Falco tinnunculus IV Vulnerable 39 Chitur, Tittir,Titur Grey Francolin Francolinus IV Occasional pondicerianus 40 Chakotri,Sakotri Painted spourfowl Galloperdix lunulata IV Uncommon 41 Panbhingari Small pratincole Glareola lacteal IV Uncommon 42 Jalmadgu,MeenaraStork Billed Kingfisher Halcyon capensis IV Rare nka 43 Sheshari,Samudra White-Bellied Sea Haliaeetus leucogaster I Common Garud Eagle 44 Brahminy Ghar Brahminy Kite Haliastur indus IV Common 45 Khandya,Kilkilya White-Throated Halcyons myrnensis IV Common Kingfisher 46 Karna Malabar Indian Trogon Harpactes fasciatus IV Rare 47 Dilwala Sutar Heart Spotted Hemicircus canente IV Rare Woodpecker 48 Kabra Khatik Pied-Flycatcher Hemipus picatus IV Occasional Shrike 49 TurebaazPangali Crested Tree Swift Hermiproc necoronate IV Uncommon 50 Pawasha Brainfever Bird Hierococcyx varius IV Uncommon 51 Lalbudi Bhingri Red rumped swallow Hirundo daurica IV Common 52 Pakoli Cliff Swallows Hirundo fluvicola IV Common 53 Pakoli Common Barn Hirundo rustica IV Common Swallow
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WPA- S.No Common Name English Name Scientific Name Abundance* 1972 54 Kala bulbul Black bulbul Hypsipetes IV Common leucocephalus 55 Garud Grey Headed Fish Ichthyophaga IV Near Eagle ichthyaetus threatened 56 Kajal Yellow browed bulbul Iole indica IV Common 57 Hooman,Matsya Brown-Fish Owl Ketupazey lonensis IV Uncommon Ghubad 58 Naklya Khatik Rufous Backed Shrike Lanius schach IV Common 59 Tambat,Pukpukya, Coppersmith Barbet Megalaima IV Common Tuktuk haemacephala 60 Kartuk, Kuturga White Cheeked Megalaima viridis IV Common Barbet 61 Kartuk Brown Headed Barbet Megalaina zeylanica IV Common 62 Bahira Popat/Veda Small Bee-Eater Merops orientalis IV Abundant Raghu 63 Ghar Black Kite Milvus IV Common migransgovinda. 64 Thorla Dhobi Large/ Indian Pied Motacillamaderaspaten IV Common Wagtail sis 65 Suryapakshi Purple Sun Bird Nectarinia asiatica IV Common 66 Kuree/Kural Eurasian Curlew Numenius arquata IV Uncommon 67 Nakshidar Whimbrel Numenius phaeopus IV Uncommon lahankudlya 68 Raat Bagla Night Heron Nycticorax nycticorax IV Common 69 Dhanesh Indian Grey Hornbill Ocyceros birostris IV Occasional 70 Haldya/Kanchan/A Eurasian Golden Oriolus oriolus IV Occasional mrapakshi Oriole 71 Kala-DokyaHaldya Black Headed Oriole Oriolus xanthornus IV Occasional 72 Ghar House Sparrow Passer domesticus IV Common Chimni,Chimni 73 Mor, Mayur Indian Peafowl Pavo cristatus I Common 74 Jungli Durlav Jungle Bush Perdicula asiatica IVth Common Quail/common Quail 75 Chota Nikhar Small Minivet Pericrocotus IV Common cinnamomeus 76 MadhadyaGarud Crested Honey Pernisptilorhynchus IV Rare Buzzard 77 Pankavla Indian Shag Phalacrocoraxfuscicoli IV Uncommon s 78 Pankavla Little Coromorant Phalacrocoraxniger IV Common 79 Mungshya Sirkeer Malkoha Phoenicophaeusleshe IV Occasional naultii 80 Blue Blue Capped Redstart Phoenicuruscoeruleoc IV Uncommon CappedRedstart ephalus 81 Panphukti Dusky warbler Phylloscopuscollybita IV Common 82 Hirvi Panphutki Greenish Leaf Phylloscopustrochioide IV Common Warbler s 83 Navrang Indian Pitta Pitta brachyuran IV Occasional 84 Sugran, Baya Weaver Ploceusphilippinus IV Common Gavlan,Baya 85 Popat, Raghu,Keer Rose-ringed Parakeet Psittacula krameri IV Common 86 Lalbudya Bulbul Red-Vented Bulbul Pycnonotus cafer IV Abundant
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WPA- S.No Common Name English Name Scientific Name Abundance* 1972 87 Shipai/ Red-Whiskered Pynonotusjocosus IV Common NaradBulbul, Bulbul Bulandi 88 Nachra, Navhi White Spotted Fantail Rhipidura balbicollis IV Common Flycatcher 89 RangeetVatvatya Common Stone Chat Saxicola torquata IV Occasional 90 Chirak/Lalbudya Indian Robin Saxicoloidesfulicata IV Common 91 Grey Grey Hooded Warbler SeicercusXanthoschist IV Common HoodedWarbler os 92 Panghada,Pannag Crested Serpent Spilornis cheela IV Uncommon ad,Sarpari Eagle 93 Mor Ghaar/Vydh/ CrestedHawk-Eagle Spizaetuscirrhatus IV Uncommon ShendriGhaar 94 Nadi suray River Tern Sterna aurantia IV Common 95 Kavda/ Spotted Dove Streptopeliachinensis IV Common TipkyaKavda 96 Hola Little browndove Streptopeliasenegalen IV Common sis 97 Bamani myna BrahminyStarling Sturnuspagodarum IV Common 98 Bhordi, Rosy Starling Sturnus roseus IV Common GulabiMyna, PalasMaya 99 BrahmaniBadak,C Brahminyduck Tadornaferruginea IV Common to hakrawak occasional 100 Raan Khatik Commonwood Shrike Tephrodornispodiceria IV Common nus 101 Banpakhroo,Suran Asian Paradise- Terpsiphoneparadise IV Uncommon gi,Swargiya Flycatcher 102 Raktasurama Common Redshank Tringa totanus IV Common Primary Data Collected by BALPL * Pande, S., S. Tambe, M. Clement Francis & N. Sant 2003. Birds of Western Ghats, Kokan and Malabar (including Birds of Goa). Bombay National History Society/Oxford University Press.
Little Cormorant Common Langur Source: Photographs taken during field survey by BALPL Figure 32 : Some Fauna of the Buffer Zone
3.8.10 Coastal Ecology
Coastal area encompasses many habitats like muddy shore (Nate creek, Juve, Waghran, Shindewadi, Dhaulwali), sandy shore (Madban, Jaitapur and Ambolgarh) and rocky shore (Kasheli and Ambolgarh). Major creek falls in the buffer zone is a Nate creek, which encompasses good vegetation of Rhizophora, Avicennia and Sonneratia mangroves.
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Mangroove patch near Madban Nate creek village
Mangrove in Nate creek Mangrove in Nate creek
Mangrove patch near Dandewadi
Source: Photographs taken during field survey by BALPL
Figure 33 : Mangroves Observed At Various Places of Buffer Zone
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Source: Photographs taken during field survey by BALPL Figure 34 : Crabs from Coastal Areas
Protected sea turtle nest recorded from Sandy beach near Madban village
Source: Photographs taken during field survey by BALPL
Figure 35 : Sea Turtle Nest – Protected
Fish and Fishery Ratnagiri District has long coastline of 167 km. and well known for the rich variety of fishes. Out of total coastline Rajapur covers 18 km. of coastline. Ratnagiri district has rich ichthyologic fauna with number of varieties which includes. prawns, sharks, skates, rays, mackerals, sardines, tuna, surmai, pomfret, karel, dagol and catfish. Prawn processing is carried out in a big scale which has a great demand abroad. Besides this, shell fisheries are also exploited in a number of creeks, backwaters, and estuaries along the coast. Fishing season commences from September and lasts till the end of May and during the monsoon season, fishing activity practically comes to a halt except in the creeks. Fishing gear of Ratnagiri district can be grouped under the following 5 main heads i.e. Gill nets, Long lines, Seine nets, Bag nets and Cast nets. (Source: District Gazetteers Department Maharashtra, physical features and natural resources - http://ratnagiri.nic.in/gazetter/gom/phy_fish.html ).
(1) Sharks, skates and rays — caught throughout the fishing season with the help of long- lines and bottom-set gill-nets. (2) Mackerel and sardine — caught in the Rampan-nets from November to February. (3) Tuna and Surmai — caught in the surface drift-nets from September to December. (4) Pomfrets — caught in surface as well as bottom-set gill-nets from September to December and April-May. (5) Silver bar or Karli—mostly caught in bottom-set gill-nets from January to May. (6) Dagol and catfishes.— mostly caught by long-lines throughout the fishing season. Coastal area of the supports many fish species out of them some are Tarle, Vashi, Gedar, Saranga, Shingala, Kapta, Surmai, Dhodi, Dandoshi, Khadkhada Bangda, Kokeri, Pedwa, Mushi, Halva, Zinga, Dhoma, Bhing are Ghol.
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Tarle Vashi Gedar
Saranga Shingala Kapta
Surmai Dhodi Dandoshi
Khadkhada Bangda Kokeri
Source: Photographs taken during field survey by BALPL Figure 36 : Some Fishes from Study Area
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Figure 37 : Dry Fishe Sale in Market
In the study area, Sakrinate, Tulsunde and Ambolgarh are fish landing centers. Village wise production are given in the following table 31.
Table 31: Variety Wise Marine Fish Production in Ratnagiri District (in Tonne) (Source: Fisheries Department, Ratnagiri)
Table 32: Village Wise Fish Production in the Study Area (In Tonne) (Source: Fisheries Department, Ratnagiri)
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Table 33: List Of Marine Fishes along the Coastal Belt of Ratnagiri District (Source: Fisheries Department, Ratnagiri) Local Name Common Name Scientific Name Solat White prawn Penaeus indicus Solat White prawn Penaeus merguiensis Tiger Tiger prawn Penaeus monodon Flower Flower prawn Penaeus semisulcatus Polan Banana prawn Metapenaeus dobsoni Kapashi Brown prawn Metapenaeus monoceros Chaity King prawn Metapenaeus affinis Tiny Marine shrimp Parapenaeopsis stylifera Goinar Marine shrimp Solanocera indica Ambad Marine shrimp Paleomon teanopy Jawala Marine shrimp Acetes indicus Pocha Scampi Macrobrachium rosenbergii Shewand Sand lobster Thenus orientalis Shewand Rock Jobster Panulirus ornatus Shewand Deep sea lobster Puerulus spp. Kurli Mud crab Scylla serrata Tin dole Sea crab Portunus sanguinolentus Mori Sea crab Portunus pelagicus White prawn Sea crab Charybdis cruciata Molluscs Kawtya makul Cuttle fish Sepia spp Makul Squid Loligo spp. Shydya makul Octopus Octopus spp Elasmobranchs Son mushi Sharp nosed shark Scoliodon sarakawor Balada Black tip shark Charcharnus melanopterus Kanmushi Hammar head shark Sphyma zygaena Waghawir Tiger shark Galeoocerus tigrinus Lanja Guitar fish Rynchobatus ojiddensis Nalabi Saw fish Pristis cuspidatus Waghya pakat Marbled sting ray Dasyatis uarnak Pakat Whip tail sting ray Himantura bleekeri Boladh Bat ray Ateomylaeus maculates Boladh Javanese cow ray Rhinoptera javanica Pomfrets Saranga Silver pomfret Pampus argenteus Kalet White pomfret Pampus chinensis Halawa Black pomfret Parastromateus niger Scombroides Bangada Indian mackerel Rastrelliger kanagurta Suramai Seer fish Scomberomorus guttatus Towar Seer fish Scomberomorus commersoni Towar Seer fish Scomberomorus lineolatus Gedar/Kupa Little tuna Euthynnus affinis Gedar/Kupa Yellow fin tuna Euthynnus albacares Gedar/Kupa Big eye tuna Euthynnus obesus Gedar/Kupa Skipjack tuna Euthynnus pelamis Perches Kombada Red snapper Lutjanus rosaceous Tamb Blood Red snapper Lutjanus sanguineus Chawari tamb Snapper Lutjanus johnii
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Local Name Common Name Scientific Name Hekaru Brown line reef cod Epinephelus maculates Hekaru Reef cod Epinephelus diacanthus Nawhera Target perch Therapon jarbua Jitada/Khajura Sea bass Lates calcarifer Sciaenids (Croakers) Dhoma Dhoma Otolithes argenteus dhoma Croakers Datari Otolithes soidada . Karkara Jew fish Pomadasys maculatum Ghol Ghol Pseudasciaena diacanthus Koth Dori Otolithes brunneus Carangids bangada Scad Tel Alepes mate Kat bangada Horse mackerel Megalaspis cordyla Falai Leather skin mackerel Scomberoides lysan Khawalya Naked breast trevally Decapterus ruselli Ribbon fish Wakati Silver ribbon fish Trichurius savala Baga Gray ribbon fish Trichurius hauineta Cat fish Diwal shingala Catfish Arius gagorides Petara shingala Giant marine catfish Arius thalassinus Sardine, Shad & Anchovy Pala Hilsa Hilsa ilisha Bhing Giant herring Hilsa toli Bhilagi White sardine Kowala coval Mandeli Golden anchovy Coilia dussumeri Kati Anchovy Thrissoceles mystax Tarali Oil Sardine Sardinella longiceps Flatfish Bhacus Indian turbot Psttodes erumei Repan Flounder Pscudorhombeus arsius Data Sole Paraplagusia bilineata
3.9 Marine Environment
Apte et. Al. 2012 comprehensively assessed Coastal Areas of Ratnagiri, Rajapur and Vijaydurga. In the study, scoring system has been adapted with 26 prescribed indicators under six criteria formulated, following National and International guidelines by IUCN. The total score of each was calculated and if any site cluster scored well above 40% was selected for designation of Ecologically Sensitive Coastal Areas (ESCA).
This study also includes sandy (Vetye, ambolgad, Jaitapur, nate Creek), muddy (Vetye, Jaitapur and Nate Creek) and rocky (Kasheli, Ambolgarh, Jaitapur and Nate creek) habitats of Ambolgad – Kasheli cluster. Ambolgad – Kasheli cluster scored with Conservation Priority Index: 0.53 and accordingly categorized as one of Ecologically Sensitive Coastal Area.
Molluscs reported with 85 species were dominated at various zones of inter-tidal area. Similarly, apart from Gastropod, 40 species of Opisthobranchs, 31 species of algae, 21 Poroferans, 18 Cnidarians (primarily represented by hydroids, zooantherians and corals) 3 Polyclads, 22 species of Arthropod, 11 Polychete, 9 echinoderms have been reported from the cluster. Rocky outcrops support the growth of hydroid, algae etc. Muddy banks of Jaitapur - Nate creek encompass mangrove vegetation and its associate species.
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Table 34 : Phytoplankton S. No. Species Premonsoon 1 Actinastrum sp. + 2 Anabaena sp. － 3 Ankistrodesmus sp. + 4 Aphanizomenon sp. + 5 Botryococcus sp. － 6 Chlamydomonas sp. － 7 Chlorella sp. － 8 Chlorococcum sp. + 9 Closteridium sp. － 10 Cosmarium sp. + 11 Diatoma sp. + 12 Euglena sp. + 13 Melosira sp. + 14 Merismopedia sp. － 15 Navicula sp. + 16 Nitzschia sp. + 17 Pediastrum sp. － 18 Penium sp. + 19 Phormidium sp. + 20 Pinnularia sp. + 21 Selenastrum sp. + 22 Spirogyra sp. + 23 Staurastrum sp. + 24 Stephanodiscus sp. － 25 Stigeoclonium sp. － 26 Synedra sp. － 27 Tabellaria sp. + Source: Primary & Secondary Data collected by BALPL
Table 35: Zooplankton S. No. Species Premonsoon 1 Daphnia sp. + 2 Dilogastroid sp. - 3 Stylonchia pustulata - 4 Trichocerca capncina - 5 Brachionus sp. + 6 Chaetospora larva - 7 Cyclops sp. + 8 Euchlanis sp. + 9 Filinia sp. + 10 Keratella sp. + 11 Nauplius larva + 12 Aspelta sp. + 13 Lepadella sp. +
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S. No. Species Premonsoon 14 Monostyla sp. + 15 Proales sp. + 16 Rabditiform larva + Source: Primary & Secondary Data collected by BALPL
3.10 Socio-Economic Environment
The growth of industrial sectors and infrastructure developments in villages and towns are bound to create its impact on the socio-economic aspects of the local population. The impacts may be positive or negative depending upon the developmental activities. To assess the impacts on the local people, it is necessary to study the existing socio-economic status of the local population, which will be helpful for making efforts to further improve the quality of life in the study area. To study the socio-economic aspects of people in the study area around the I Log Jetty project site, the required data has been collected from various secondary sources and supplemented by the primary data.
3.10.1 Methodology adopted for the Study
The methodology adopted for the study is based on the review of secondary data, such as Census of India 2011, Maharashtra Administrative Atlas for the parameters of demography, occupational structure of people within the study area of 10-km radius around the project site.
Socio-economic environment includes description of demography, basic amenities housing, water facilities, health care services, transportation and education. Information on the above said factor has been collected to define the socio-economic profile of the study area (10 km radius), which is also a part of Environmental Impact Assessment study for the proposed activities.
3.10.2 Demography
The total 57 villages, from Rajapur sub District, Ratnagiri District of Maharashtra comprises in the buffer zone, total population is 34472 among them 15646 are male and 18826 are female, among them 3107 are total children, male children are 1633 and female children are 1474. The male and female ratio of the study area is 831males per every 1000 females. Village wise socioeconomic details are given in Annexure-V and summarised in Table: 36.
Table 36: Demography Details of the Study Area Description Numbers Demography Total Villages 57 Total no. of House Hold 8722 Total Population 34472 Total Male Population 15646 Total Female Population 18826 Total ST Population 101 Total SC Population 388 Literacy Level Total Literate Population 24984 Employment Pattern Cultivators 6012 Agricultural Labour 4971
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Description Numbers House Hold Workers 383 Other Workers 4640 Total Main Workers 10146 Total Marginal Workers 5860 Total Non Workers 18466 Infrastructure Facilities* Water facilities* Tap 15 River 10 villages Well 57 Canal 0 Tank 9 Lake 2 Tube Well 6 Spring 16 Hand Pump 33 Others 0 P & T Facilities Post Office 14 Post & Telegraph Office 3 Telegraph Office 0 Telephone Connection 57 Power Supply* Available in 57 villages Medical Facilities* Maternity & Child 0 Family Welfare Center 0 Welfare Center Public Health Center 2 Education Facilities Primary School 48 Senior Secondary 2 Middle School 20 College 0 Secondary 18 Adult Literacy Centre 0 *Services available in No. Villages Source: Census 2011
3.10.3 Status of Literacy in the Study Area
As per the 2011 census data the total literacy level in the buffer zone is 72.5% among them, male are 36.6% literates and 35.9% are the female literates. The Ratnagiri District average literacy ratio is 74.3% from the analysis, it is concluded that people are poor and are not well educated; therefore the company need to focus on education and more on girl child and women education and development will provide the necessary alternate source of income generation in this area, which improves the standard of living of the population in the study area literacy details are given in Table: 37.
Table 37: Status of Literacy S. No. Particular (Except below 06 years age population) 1 Total Population 34472 2 Total Literates 24984 3 Total Literacy Rate 72.5% 4 Male Literates 12608 5 Male Literacy Rate 36.6% 6 Female Literates 12376 7 Female Literacy Rate 35.9% Source: Census 2011
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Figure 38 : Literacy Rate
3.10.4 Status of Occupation
The economic status of the population is poor and mostly engaged in Cultivation agriculture, and fishing local resources for their livelihood.
Table 38: Status of Occupation Details of Study S.No. Particular % Area 1 Main workers 10146 29.4 2 Marginal workers 5860 17 Total workers (Main 3 +Marginal) 16006 46.4 4 Non Workers 18466 53.6 Source: Census 2011
Figure 39 : Employment Pattern
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The percent of non-workers is 53.6%; the total workers are 46.4% i.e. main and marginal workers in the study area. It may also be seen from the pie chart and Table 39
Table 39: Status of Workers S.No. Particular Details of Study Area % 1 Cultivators 6012 17.4 2 Agricultural Labor 4971 14.4 3 Household Workers 383 1.1 4 Other Workers 4640 13.5 Source: Census 2011
The Socio Economic Conditions of this 10-km radius area shows that of the total Main workforce 17.4% are engaged in cultivation 14.4% are agricultural labourers and 1.1% of workers engaged in Household labour, the remaining 13.5% workers are engaged in other activities.
The socio-economic analysis of the Study area shows that in terms of education and employment, the area is not developed. The overall socio-economic status of the target population is low in terms of literacy; less work participation rate is, etc.
More attention and care should be taken so that the needs and demand of these marginalized classes of the influence area population can get more exposure to modern facilities of education and development.
3.10.5 Vulnerability Groups:
The vulnerability groups details present in the project study area are presented in Table 40 Table 40: Vulnerability Groups S. No. Particular Details of Study Area 1 Total Population 34472 2 Total SC Population 388 3 % of SC Population 1.1% 4 Total ST Population 101 5 % of ST Population 0.3% 6 Others Population 33983 7 % of others 98.6% Source: Census 2011
Figure 40 : Vulnerable Group
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The marginalized population of Scheduled Caste (SC) and Scheduled Tribe (ST) in the study area and special attention has to be given towards these groups. Among the total population Scheduled Caste (SC) is 388 and Scheduled Tribe (ST) is 101, percentage wise 1.1% of Scheduled Caste (SC) and 0.3% of Scheduled Tribe (ST) population. The details given in the Table 40 and the pie chart.
Marginal groups are very important to identify the population who fall under the marginalized and vulnerable groups and special attention has to be given towards these groups while making action plans. Special provisions should be made for them.
3.10.6 Basic Amenities
The basic amenities existing in study area are as follows: . The education facilities are evenly distributed in the study area. Primary schools are available in 48 villages. There are 73 primary schools, followed by 20 middle schools, 8 Secondary schools, 2 senior secondary school and about adult literacy centre, college are not available in the study area. . Drinking water facilities are available in all 57 villages in the form of Tap, Well, Tank, Tube well, hand pump and river. . Communication services in the form of post offices and Telephone connections and Mobile network are available in the villages. . Electricity is available in all 57 villages in the study area.
3.11 Occupational Health
In order to evaluate the impacts of proposed project on the health of workers, baseline health studies are being carried out on every worker before joining their duties. The baseline health status, their habits are recorded and a log book is maintained and the same is being updated every quarter. . Disability Evaluation . Degree of dyspnea . Amount of cough and sputum, wheezing . Smoking age started, pack/day, age stopped . Past pulmonary illnesses . Concurrent medical conditions . Medications . Occupational and environmental exposures . Chest physical examination findings . Chest roentgenogram & x- rays . Pulmonary function studies . Baseline audiograms . Urinalysis
Thus, a baseline condition has been established for all the workers and the records are maintained in order to evaluate any occupational diseases due to mining activity or aggravation of the existing condition due to mining.
3.12 Environmental Sensitivity
National Park, Wildlife Sanctuary, Forests There is no National Park, Wildlife Sanctuary, Biosphere reserve, wildlife corridor in the 10 km radius study area of the proposed project. As per the MoEF Letter Ref No: F.NO.1- 4/2012 - RE (Pt.) / dated 13.11.2013, on Western Ghats - ESA, one declared village named as Bharade is at a distance of about 4.5 kms from the proposed Captive and Third Party Cargo. However, proposed project operations are sea based activities.
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Places of Historical / Archaeological/ Religious/ Tourist importance There are no places of archaeological or historical importance in the study area of the project. There are some places of worship in the nearby villages.
Mahakali mandhir in Adivare Sri Dherayashwanth Gad Fort in Nate
Sri Mahapurush Prasann in Ambolghd Swayambhu Sri Ganesh Mandir in Ambolghd Figure 41 : Historical Site Photographs
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4.0 IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES
This chapter presents identification and appraisal of various impacts from the proposed project. The construction and operational phase of the proposed project comprises of various activities, each of which may have an impact on some or all environmental parameters. Various impacts during the construction and operation phase on the environment have been studied listed along with mitigating measures in the subsequent sections.
The impacts due to Jetty development and commercial activities can be divided into the following phases:
Project Location Possible Accidents due to Project activities
Site Development, Construction and Development Phase Approach road construction in the Port area Land Reclamation & Land acquisition for Port facilities Transport of persons and material in Port Construction of Jetty & Break waters DG set operations
Operational Phase Material Handling & Transportation of dry cargo Material Handling and Transportation of Cargo and derivatives like petcoke, metcoke including minerals and liquids Power Genaration Resource Utilization
4.1 Project Location
Impacts due to the proposed project activity are provided in the below sections of the report.
4.1.1 Potential Impact due to Jetty Location
The proposed activity of Phase I will be developed in 100 hectares. As per the enclosed land use plan the total land required for the proposed project, which was permitted by the Govt. of Maharashtra (Director of Industries) is of 1070 acres. Out of which 576.4 acres have been acquired by the proponent with consent of the land owners and the community.
The proposed Jetty site is devoid of any habitations. No clearance of any building/structures is required in view of land identified. .
There is no rehabilitation and resettlement (R&R) issue as the land is not inhabited. The Land has already been acquired and is under the possession of the project proponent.
There are no rivers or nalas flowing through the site. Natural drainage will be maintained and rain water harvesting system within project premises will be practiced.
There will be an impact on the coastline in the form of erosion or accretion as the project includes development of backup area and development of inter tidal area.
The existing roads connecting the area are well developed and will be in a position to ease the vehicular traffic during the construction and first 3 years of operations. However this will be augmented by clearing the bottlenecks and developing to two lane at important points.
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Water required for the project development or operations will be taken from additional sources and does not impact the existing supply to the surrounding areas.
4.1.2 Mitigation Measures for Project Location
There will be changes in the topography of the acquired land due to proposed construction activies. The backup area has few inches of top soil over the rocky terrain which will be levelled and filled with morrum material for developing the Jetty layout. A small portion of the elevated land will be graded carefully to match the intertidal zone, which will be raised to 4.5 mts with the dredged material.
Plantation Local plant species for the planting programme will be selected in consultation with an ecological consultant (Horticulturist).
Rain Water Harvesting Rain water harvesting system as per the CGWA norms will be provided in the buildings and also a reservoir is being planned to store rainwater.
Roads Additional connecting roads / augmentation of existing roads to the state highway near Nate village will be provided. Drainages and internal roads will be suitably designed and implemented to overcome effects of changes in land terrain.
Utilities like water supply, surface drainage including storm water, sewage treatment/disposal, waste management/disposal, and electrical power supply will be augmented as part of the Jetty project.
At present, the movement on roads is primarily for movement of people and movement of trucks carrying groceries, fish and mainly for use by locals. In mango season, there is increased activity of truck movement in the months of April, May & June.
The passenger movement is by state transport buses, private buses auto rickshaws and private cars. Therefore, the present activity on roads is for a very limited extent.
However, after commissioning of port, there will be an increase in vehicle movement on roads due to trucks / dumpers carrying cargo to and from Jetty in the hinterland.
Although, for initial years when the tonnage handled in a year would be about 0.50 mtpa, the existing infrastructure may be able to handle this increased movement of about 400 vehicles per day during peak days.
However, thereafter the existing one way / two way lane roads have to be widened to 4 lane with the help pf state government to cater for cargo of about 2.00 to 4.00 mtpa.
4.1.3 Possible Accidents from Project
4.1.3.1 Possible Accidents or Hazards due to Project Activities
Various accidents or hazards may occur due to various storages and other project activities.
The hazardous materials to be stored at project site are HSD. These materials are susceptible to fire hazards.
Various safety hazards identified at Jetty are: HSD storage tank (leakage, rupture & tank on fire);
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Collision of Vessels
4.1.3.2 Impact Assessment due to Possible Accidents / Hazards from Project Activities
Oil and gas may be released and result into jet fire and unconfined vapour cloud explosion causing possible damage to the surrounding areas. Extent of the damage depends on type and nature of release. These accident results in heat radiation, pressure wave or vapour cloud depending upon the flammability and the physical state.
The comprehensive Consequence Analysis has been carried out through various risk assessment models. Effects of Heat Loads and Shock Waves are calculated.
All the comprehensive calculations for risks of accidents are elaborated in Risk Assessment Chapter (Chapter-7 of the report).
Similarly, the Disaster Management Plan to mitigate the risks due to the project is given in the same chapter.
The possible accidents would be addressed at the design stage itself to bring them as low as reasonably practicable (ALARP). Management of ILPPL will ensure that the relevant agencies engaged will adhere to the requirements of the contractual obligations. Project specific Health and Safety systems will be put in place including Emergency Medical Evacuation, oil spill contingency plans, permit to work system etc.
Full compliance assurance to applicable health, safety and environmental regulations will be maintained. Hence, no major impacts are envisaged due to possible accidents from the project.
4.1.3.3 Management Plan to Mitigate Possible Accidents / Hazards from Project
An effective Disaster Management Plan (DMP) has been prepared by ILPPL as part of its corporate EHS policy. The same has been discussed in Chapter-7.
4.2 Site Development, Construction and Development Phase
4.2.1 Identification of Potential Impacts
As the proposed project is Development of Jetty for Jetty. Overall construction time required for this project to develop Jetty area /would be about 2 years. The construction work required for the project will be for the following activities: Land Reclamation & Land acquisition for Port facilities Approach road construction , Transport of person and material Construction of Jetty & Break waters DG set operations
There would not be any significant earthwork except for grading and levelling, as there would be constructional activities like Jetty, Jetty Office, canteen and breakwaters.
The earthwork to be carried typically involves excavation, levelling / grading, rolling and compaction of aggregate and moorum for the hard standing base.
Construction activities will alter the sedimentation rate. Temperature fluctuations will interfere with the ecological functions of the marine fauna like fishes, juviniles, fingerlings and crustacean larvae which inhabit these areas.
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Nate creek is one among the major fishing station from Ratnagiri coast. Fishing boats and related activities are regularly carried out. Usual insiduous spillage of oil is known from this region.
The construction of a Jetty affect aquatic fauna and flora through changes of water quality, suspended sediments, altering the micro climate, reduction in the dissolved oxygen levels in water, change in coastal hydrology and bottom contamination leading to decline in habitat conditions of the Plankton and Benthic organisms.
Diminishing of bottom biota is usually linked to a reduction of fishery resources, and occasionally to the increase of undesirable species.
Mitigation Measures Limiting the construction time so as to minimize the undesible affects on the surrounding aquatic organisms. .
4.2.1.1 Approach Roads and Access Ways
The roads will be augmented as far as possible as overlays on existing roads, by strengthening and broadening the roads with consent of the local village administration and the concerned regulatory authorities.
Since road construction activity for the project is only a short-term activity and the fact that only the existing roads would be augmented, the overall impact on the air, water and soil environment during road construction / augmentation phase is likely to be local, temporary.
4.2.1.2 Land Reclamation & Land acquisition for Port facilities
The project envisages reclamation of 500m to 200 mts of land raised to level of 4.5 mts as the inter- tidal area. This reclamation is done partially by using of dredged material.
Capital Dredging The impact of dredging is more significant during the later development phase than the initial phase of development and is irreversible causing loss of habitat to benthic organism. The impact is localised and will be contained within a short area. The surrounding habitats will not be disturbed so as to enable the colonisation of the disturbed organisms.
Shore and Intertidal Area Addition of dredged material to the intertidal area for shore stabilization known as intertidal recharge /sand bank can provide long-term benefits to the environment.
The act of placing material over existing intertidal habitats can cause short-term impacts of disposal at sea (suspended sediments and smothering), bringing them into often more environmentally sensitive environments along the shore.
Intertidal recharge (beach nourishment) helps in combating coastal erosion. Beach nourishment of intertidal habitats with dredged materials that are coarser than the present intertidal sediments, such as a mixture of sand, gravel and rock can be used to protect the coast from erosion.
The proposed area for dredging is free from any chemical contamination or sewage pollution. In the present case, the dredged material is expected to put under beneficial use, i.e., it will be used for reclamation of back up areas. This will help to avoid any kind of stress on the marine environment.
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4.2.1.3 Transport of person and Material
During the development person and material movement would take place. Exhaust emissions and noise generated by transport vehicles would have an impact on the air and noise quality of the area. However, the number of trips undertaken per day will be less. Only daylight hours would be utilized for development / construction activity. Since the scale of activity is small, it is estimated that the impact arising out of this activity would be insignificant.
The following practices would be undertaken to minimize impacts associated with transport of person and material: Ensuring that all the vehicles carry a valid emission check certificate; Vehicular movement would be limited to daylight hours Maximum efforts to optimize truck movement would be undertaken.
Owing to limited expansions of pre-project production facilities at site, environmental impacts arising out of construction activity would be negligible or no impact arising out of this activity.
The likely impacts of construction activities and their characteristics are summarised in Table-41. However, they are summarized in the following sections.
4.2.1.4 Construction of Jetty & Break waters
The construction of jetty and brekwaters may affect the marine fauna and flora during the period of construction and is revertable when the work is completed. There will be a complete change in the wave movement due to their construction but doesn’t effect to a major extent.
4.2.1.5 DG Set Operation
The DG Set Operation may generate noise of 95 dBA during the construction phase.The DG sets will be provided with enclosures to decrease the noise levels.the DG sets will be placed at a distance from the occupancy or labour colony to decrease their impact.
The construction activities may result in loss of vegetation cover and topsoil to some extent in the proposed Jetty development area. It is proposed to construct line drains for storm water to minimize the soil erosion. Apart from localized construction impacts at the Jetty site, no adverse impacts on soil in the surrounding area are anticipated.
The spoil generated during construction will be reused for construction as well as for land levelling.
The project site terrain is flat and plain and therefore dozing or leveling may only be to some extent. Vegetation on topsoil will be removed prior to commencement of bulk earth work. During dry weather conditions, dust may be generated by activities like excavation and transportation through un-bituminized roads. The fugitive dust would be arrested by using water sprayers.
As soon as construction is finished, the surplus earth shall be utilized to fill up low lying areas, the rubbish shall be cleared and all surfaces reinstated. Appropriate vegetation shall be planted and all such areas shall be landscaped. Hazardous materials [e.g. acids, paints, etc.] shall be stored in proper and designated areas.
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Table 41: Likely Impacts During Construction Phase Environmental Primary / Activity Duration Reversibility Significance Impact Secondary Site clearing Particulate Short- Reversible Primary Moderately significant emissions term due to high wind speed and large area involved Noise Short- Reversible Primary Moderately Significant to generation from term the workers at the site earthmovers as the noise level generated is about 95- 100 dB(A) Insignificant as the silence zone is away from the project site Loss of flora Long- Irreversible Primary Insignificant as flora and and fauna term fauna present are not sensitive and can be easily recuperated Increased soil Long- Irreversible Primary Slightly significant as the erosion from term soil has moderate cleared area erodibility potential and site sometimes receive heavy rainfall and wind Project affected Not Not foreseen Not Insignificant as population foreseen foreseen resettlement is not involved Soil Particulate Short- Reversible Primary Moderately significant excavation emissions term due to high wind speed and large area involved Noise Short- Reversible Primary Moderately Significant to generation from term, the workers at the site excavating intermitt as the noise level equipment / ent generated is about 95- explosives 100 dB(A) Insignificant as the region is thinly populated Soil erosion Long- PrimaryIrreversible Slightly significant as the from excavated term soil is dry and has site / quarries moderate erodibility potential and subject to high wind speed Transportation Particulate and Short- Reversible Primary Slightly significant of construction gaseous term material emissions (CO, HC, NOx) Noise Short- Reversible Primary Insignificant as the generation term silence zone is away from the project site Construction Particulate and Short- Reversible Primary Slightly significant activities gaseous (CO, term HC, SO2, NOx) emissions Noise Short- Reversible Primary Moderately Significant to generation term the workers at the site as the noise level generated is about 95- 100 dB(A) Insignificant
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Environmental Primary / Activity Duration Reversibility Significance Impact Secondary as the silence zone is away from the project site Sewage Short- Reversible Primary Insignificant because generation in term sanitation facilities and labour camps sewage treatment plant will be provided Cutting of Long- Reversible Primary Insignificant as workers trees due to term will be provided with usage of wood alternate fuel as fuel DG sets for Gaseous Short- Reversible Primary Slightly Significant power emissions term generation (SO2, HC, CO, NOx) Jetty & Back Impact on Short- Reversible Primary Slightly Significant water Flora Fauna term Construction Land Impact on soil Long- Irreversible Primary Insignificant as proper reclamation quality and term compaction will be erodibility undertaken Construction Employment Short- Reversible Primary Significant positive activities generation term impact
4.2.2 Assessment of Impacts during Construction Phase
Construction phase impacts are assessed for the following environmental attributes. Land Environment; Air Environment; Water Environment; Noise Environment; Ecological Environment including Terrestrial and Aquatic Environment; and Demography and Social Environment.
4.2.2.1 Land Environment
The construction phase of the project will entail acquisition of various parcels of land at different locations amounting to a total of about 100-ha of land for setting up of one jetty. The stockpiles, construction camps etc during the construction period will be located to the extent possible on land, which is devoid of vegetation and barren; therefore no change is anticipated on the landuse due to such activities.
The impacts on soil due to land disposal of solid wastes such as construction debris, campsite garbage and discarded topsoil may impact surrounding soil quality. However, the impact is likely to be insignificant as the project authorities will take adequate measures to ensure that all waste generated at the construction site and at the labour camps are collected and disposed off in an appropriate manner in a dump site or recycled or reused where feasible.
Impacts due to accidental spillage of fuels and lubricant oils may present a potential contamination hazard to soils will also not be discernible as the project proponent will implement a waste and oil spill management plan.
Large quantity of quarry material will be required for the construction of project infrastructure like break waters. The typical quarry material consisting of aggregates, river sand, earth-fill will be sourced from registered suppliers who would be sourcing the material from approved
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and designated quarry areas. The quarry activities will not therefore result in destruction of the landmass. Levelling and flattening of sand dunes, etc will occur, but creation of craters or unnatural deepening are prevented. The current topography and land usage of the project area will not be adversely affected due to limited constructional activities for the project.
Wastes from construction activities include mainly spoils generated during dredging. Disposal of dredged material on land may impact the terrestrial vegetation of the area by way of loss of habitat for vegetation, leakage of contaminated materials, odour, un- aesthetic view and other nuisances to the surrounding community.
Based on the requirements, the Jetty involves dredging in various areas. The total capital dredging is estimated at 1.25 lakhs which will be all utilized for reclamation.
4.2.2.2 Impact on Air Quality
Impacts of development or construction activities on air quality are cause for concern mainly in the dry months due to dust emissions. The main sources of air emission during the construction period are the movement of equipment at site, dust emitted during the levelling, grading, earthworks, foundation works and other construction related activities, emission of fumes during welding and gas cutting operations. The dust emitted during the above mentioned activities will be sandy in nature with heavier particles.
However, the impact of such activities would be temporary and restricted to the construction phase only. The impact will be confined within the project boundary and is expected to be negligible outside the Jetty boundaries.
Apart from dust emissions, gaseous emissions can be expected from the diesel generator(s). However, these emissions will also be temporary and not expected to contribute significantly to the ambient air quality and will be within prescribed limits for industrial regions by CPCB.
The project activities involve releases of air emissions during the construction phase. The nature of these emissions and impacts in terms of significant air pollutants and the quantities were identified and are discussed in the section below.
Potential Air Emissions The criteria air pollutants contributing to the ambient air quality from the proposed construction will be particulate matter (PM), oxides of nitrogen (NOX), sulphur dioxide (SO2) and carbon monoxide(CO).
The major source of emission during the construction phase are emissions from the operation of DG sets, movement of construction equipment and vehicles at site.
The list of construction equipment involved in the construction phase contributing to the air emissions, and considered as area source, are given below in the Table 42
Table 42: Berth and Jetty Construction Sr No Equipment 1 Batching Plant 2 Concrete Mixing Drum 3 TIL Mobile Crane 4 Transit Mixer 5 Tyer mounted Crane 6 Back Hoe Loader 9 Dumper
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Sr No Equipment 10 Trailer 11 Tipper 12 Truck mounted crane 13 Tyre Mounted crane
Table 43: Equipment on Land Sr No Equipment 1 Crawler excavator short stick 2 Crawler excavator equivalent long stick 3 Dumper 4 Wheel loaders 5 Crane
The list of transportation vehicles used for construction, and considered as the line source, are given below in the Table 44
Table 44: Transportation Vehicles Sr.No Particulars Nos 1 Buses 20 2 Cars 10 3 Two Wheelers 20
Diesel generator sets of 1600 kVA capacity will be used to supply the electricity needs of the construction equipment and machinery. The emissions from the DG set are considered as point source. The details of DG set are given below in Table 45
Table 45: DG Set Details DG set Parameter Units 1600 kVA Diesel Consumption l/hr 420 Exhaust release height m 9.0 Exhaust diameter m 0.8 Exhaust gas velocity m/s 11.5 Flue gas flow rate m3/s 5.7 Flue gas temperature ºC 240
The details of emission rates from the line, area and the point sources are given below in the Table 46 and the map showing the sources is given as Figure 42 and Terrain Map in Figure 43.
Table 46: Sources - Construction Phase Sr. Emission Emission Emission Rate Units No Source Type PM SO2 NOX CO 1 Construction Area (*) g/sec/ 0.000006 - - - Equipment m2 2 Transportation Line (#) 0.0001 -- 0.00 0.000 Vehicles 1 8 3 DG Sets Point (*) g/sec -- 2.18 6.48 1.49 * Emission rates are calculated based on USEPA - AP 42 Manual # Emission Factor development for Indian Vehicles by The Automative Research Assoication of India
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Air Dispersion Modelling Methodology The assessment methodology for the air dispersion modelling exercise follows the guidance specified in the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). The detailed model recommended for air dispersion modelling in the ambient air is AERMOD.
The model of selection was the commercially available AERMOD View dispersion model, developed by Lakes Environmental. This model is used extensively to assess pollution concentration and deposition from a wide variety of sources. AERMOD View is a true, native Microsoft Windows application and runs in Windows applications. The AMS/EPA Regulatory Model (AERMOD) was specially designed to support the EPA’s regulatory modeling programs. AERMOD is a regulatory steady-state plume modeling system with three separate components:
AERMOD (AERMIC Dispersion Model), AERMAP (AERMOD Terrain Preprocessor), and AERMET (AERMOD Meteorological Preprocessor). The AERMOD model includes a wide range of options for modeling air quality impacts of pollution sources, making it a popular choice among the modeling community for a variety of applications. Some of the modeling capabilities of AERMOD include the following: The model may be used to analyze primary pollutants and continuous releases of toxic and hazardous waste pollutants. Source emission rates can be treated as constant or may be varied by month, season, hour-of-day, or other optional periods of variation. These variable emission rate factors may be specified for a single source or for a group of sources. For this project all emission rates were treated as constant. The model can account for the effects of aerodynamic downwash due to buildings that are nearby point source emissions. Receptor locations can be specified as gridded and/or discrete receptors in a Cartesian or polar coordinate system. For applications involving elevated terrain, the U.S. EPA AERMAP terrain preprocessing program is incorporated into the model to generate hill height scales as well as terrain elevations for all receptor locations. The model contains algorithms for modeling the effects of settling and removal (through dry and wet deposition) of large particulates and for modeling the effects of precipitation scavenging for gases or particulates. AERMOD requires two types of meteorological data files, a file containing surface scalar parameters and a file containing vertical profiles. These two files are provided by the U.S. EPA AERMET meteorological preprocessor programme
Model Inputs Source Emissions A critical step for conducting air dispersion modeling is to quantify the emissions from the sources at the facility. The emission rates from the sources identified were estimated in accordance with the following: US EPA AP 42 Manual Emission data, Emission factors, Engineering calculations and Fuel consumption rates.
The model input details and the emission calculation details that were calculated based on the emission specifications given in Table 45 & 46 above.
Meteorological Data The AERMOD model requires hourly surface data values for wind speed, wind direction, temperature, rainfall, relative humidity, pressure, cloud cover and ceiling height and solar radiation and at least once daily mixing height data.
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Upper air data is estimated using the Upper Air Estimator option of AERMET. This is a non-US EPA AERMET option to pre-process met data in AERMET without the use of actual upper air data. Data files for the surface and mixing heights were used to generate the meteorological file required by the AERMOD dispersion model using the AERMET meteorological preprocessor programme.
AERMET programme has three stages to process the data. The first stage extracts meteorological data and assesses data quality through a series of quality assessment checks. The second stage merges all data available for 24-hour periods and writes these data together in a single intermediate file. The third and final stage reads the merged meteorological data and estimates the necessary boundary layer parameters for dispersion calculations by AERMOD.
The amount of turbulence in the ambient atmosphere has a major effect on the dispersion of air pollution plumes as the turbulence increases the entrainment and mixing of unpolluted air into the plume and thereby acts to reduce the concentration of pollutants in the plume (i.e., enhances the plume dispersion). It is therefore important to categorize the amount of atmospheric turbulence present at any given time.
Model Domain, Receptor Network and Terrain Considerations
Model Domain The selected model domain was 10 km in both the east-west and north-south directions, with the centre of the domain being the centre of the proposed facility site.
Receptor Network The selection and location of the receptor network are important in determining the maximum impact from a source and the area where there is significant air quality impact. Impacts were assessed at locations beyond the site boundary. Consequently, the receptor locations were selected as a multi-tier grid that is defined by Uniform Cartesian receptors, square in shape, and with origin at the centre of the proposed facility. The entire receptor network locations include a 100-meter spaced grid within 10 km from the subject source.
Terrain Considerations The classification of the topography in the vicinity of the proposed facility is needed because dispersion rates differ based on the terrain type.
The topography in the study region of the proposed jetty facility is simple terrain (terrain lying below the stack top elevation) and complex terrain (terrain above the top of the stack). Measurements of the terrain in the area surrounding the proposed facility were made using terrain data obtained from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) 3 arc-second resolution data. It was determined that the topography from the south west to the north eastern directions up to 5 km have terrain elevations above 30 m. The areas from south east through to the north western direction form the marine environment.
Model Results and Impact Assessment With the various sources identified, a model domain established of 10 km in the east-west direction and 10 km in the north-south direction and centred in the middle of the proposed facility, and the necessary input files created, model predictions were made for the pollutants SO2, NOx, PM10 and CO for averaging periods for which there are National Ambient Air Quality (NAAQ) Standards.
AERMOD Output
Comments on Predicted GLCs Predicted maximum ground level concentrations are superimposed on the maximum
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baseline concentrations obtained during the study period to estimate the construction scenario, which would prevail during the construction phase. The predicted GLC-isopleths are shown in Figure-44 to Figure-47. Predicted 24 hourly incremental GLCs are given in Table-47.
Table 47: Predicted 24-Hourly Short-Term Cumulative Incremental GLCS Pollutant Incremental Concentration (g/m3) Distance (km), Direction CO 14.0 NO 16.0 X 1.4 km, E PM 9.587 SO2 14.9
A perusal of Table-47 reveals the maximum incremental short-term 24 hourly ground level concentration of pollutants likely to be encountered during pre-monsoon season.
Resultant Concentrations during the construction phase of the Project The maximum incremental GLCs during construction phase of the project for air emissions are superimposed on the 98th percentile baseline concentration recorded during the study period. The cumulative concentrations (baseline + incremental) after implementation of the project are tabulated below in Table-48
Table 48: Resultant Cumulative Concentrations due to Incremental GLC’s Maximum Maximum Maximum Maximum Increment Incremental Increment Incrementa Description al SO2 PM Levels al NOX l CO Levels Levels (g/m3) Levels (g/m3) (g/m3) (g/m3) Predicted maximum GLCs 14.9 9.587 16.0 14 values Maximum concentrations 15.2 65.4 21.3 29.1 observed during Baseline study Resultant concentrations 30.1 75.08 37.3 43.1
The predicted GLCs are obtained when superimposed on the maximum baseline concentrations observed during the study period.
From the above table it can be deciphered that the maximum GLC’s for CO, PM, SO2 & NOX were found to be at a distance of 1.4 km in the predominant downwind direction (East) from the project site. Since predicted PM, SO2 and NOX levels in the study area are well within the prescribed statutory limits no major deleterious impacts on the air environment from the project are felt.
The isopleths representing pollutant concentrations representing 5 km x 5 km grid are the predicted ground level concentration isopleths for various parameters are given in Figure- 44-47
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Figure 42 : Sources - Construction Phase
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Figure 43 : Terrain Map of the Region
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Figure 44 : Isopleths of Sulphur Dioxide
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Figure 45 : Isopleths of Nitrogen Oxides
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Figure 46 : Isopleths of Particulate Matter
Bhagavathi Ana Labs Pvt. Ltd. (a Bureau Veritas Group Company) BALLEN2013116 Rev. 01D 126 EIA & EMP for Development of Jetty for Captive & Third Party Cargo of 10 MTPA capacity near Nate village, Rajapur taluka, Ratnagiri district, Maharashtra by M/s I Log Ports Pvt Ltd Chapter-4: Impact Assessment & Mitigation Measures
Figure 47 : Isopleths of Carbon Dioxide
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However, the impact on construction labour and adjoining community near Nate village will be reversible, marginal and temporary in nature. Proper upkeep and maintenance of vehicles, DG sets with appropriate stack height and sprinkling of water on roads would significantly reduce the emissions during construction phase.
During the construction activities, the potential impact on the air quality can be categorised as: . Exhaust emissions from diesel run engines of dredgers, barges, workboats, trucks and construction machinery; and . Fugitive dust suspension during construction and quarry materials transportation.
The parameters likely to be affected will be Particulate Matter (PM), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx), etc. The impacts on the air quality from construction activities will be felt in the near by villages only. The impacts will be short-term, limited to the construction period, and localised.
Fugitive dust will be generated during construction period. Dust suppression system would be provided all around the construction site to suppress the dust generated and to reduce the dust nuisance.
A greenbelt development plan undertaken during development of Jetty would be augmented during as well by further planting of trees at appropriate locations. The maintenance of greenbelt area is monitored by the Environmental Cell of the port.
There is a minor possibility of odor generation.The impact will be for short duration and confined within the work zone area and is expected to be negligible outside the Project site boundary. The impact will, however, be reversible, marginal and temporary in nature. Proper maintenance of vehicles and construction equipment will help in controlling the gaseous emissions. Water spraying on roads and construction site will prevent fugitive dust.
During construction period, there is likely hood of generation of dust and NOx emissions. This can be attributed to leveling activity and vehicular movement. The transport vehicles using petrol or diesel shall be properly maintained to minimize smoke in the exhaust. Water spraying is proposed to address this issue. Since there is likelihood of fugitive dust from the construction activity, material handling and from the truck movement in the premises of the proposed port, the Jetty shall go for tree plantation program along the boundaries of the proposed Port Complex.
4.2.2.3 Impact on Water Resources and Water Quality
Water Resources The drinking water and other water will be arranged locally through state water Board. (Jeevan Pradhikaran) or local bodies. The total water requirement is initially expected to be around 140 m3 per day. Elevated reservoir of 150 m3 capacities will be constructed.
Water Quality Impact on water quality during construction phase may be due to non-point discharges of sewage generated from the construction workforce stationed at the project site/camp site. Further, the construction in the units will mainly involve pre-fabricated modules, mechanical fabrication, assembly and erection; hence the water requirements and wastewater generation will be small.
Proper sanitation facilities will be provided by the contractors for construction workers. Sanitation facilities (soak pits/septic tanks) will be made available for disposal of sewage generated by the workforce as per MSPCB norms. Since, the construction workforce will constitute floating population, the demand of water and sanitation facilities will be small and it will be managed by providing drinking water and sanitation facilities at site.
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The overall impact on water environment during construction phase due to proposed commercial production is likely to be short term and marginal.
4.2.2.4 Impact on Noise Levels
Construction activities may create a problem of noise and vibration generated by construction equipment, truck traffic, work vessels and other similar sources.
The construction activities also tend to increase the ambient noise levels. There would be impacts on noise levels due to the following: . vehicles transporting construction material . diesel run engines of dredgers, barges, workboats and construction machinery . pile driving activities during construction of material berths.
The additional sources of noise spreading within the Jetty site and impact area are:
A) Transportation Means . Loading/unloading ships; . Entering/departing trucks; and . Entering/departing trains.
B) Dock Machinery . Cranes ; . Stackers and reclaimers . Loaders . Other equipment, devices and installations
Construction workers at site would be exposed to this noise level. It is observed that most of the hamlets along the roads are farther away except the ribbon developments along the road etc. Hence, it is expected that there would not be significant impacts from increased noise levels from movement of vehicles transporting construction material except on the receptors located immediately adjacent to the road.
Noise and Vibration One of the major impacts of underwater construction/ pile driving on the marine organisms especially on fishes is the underwater sound pressure waves generated during hammering of the piles. This pressure condition leads to a situation known as “barotrauma” i.e pain or injury due to increase or decrease in pressure (in the present case increase in the pressure) in fish and mammals in the sea. These include hemorrhage and rupture of internal organs, including the swim bladder and kidneys in fish.
These sounds may also result in physiological shutdown of body functions i.e acoustic “stunning” a effect resulting due to loud sounds (300–4000 Hz at 142 dB)
The physiological shutdown condition will lead to stress, reduction in predator avoidance capability, and interferes with communication necessary for navigation & reproduction.
Heavy construction traffic for loading and unloading, fabrication and handling of equipment and materials are likely to cause an increase in the ambient noise levels. The areas affected are those close to the site. However, the impact of noise will be temporary and will be restricted mostly to daytime. The noise control measures during construction phase include provision of acoustic enclosures around the equipment and regular maintenance of the equipment.
The noise impact on the surrounding population during the construction phase will be within the acceptable limits. High noise generating equipment, if used, shall not be operated during the night to eliminate any possible discomfort to the nearby residents. Community
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noise levels are not likely to be affected because of the vegetation and likely attenuation due to the physical barriers. The following recommendations shall be implemented: . Provision for insulating caps and aids at the exit of noise source on the machinery; . The use of damping materials such as thin rubber/lead sheet for shielding the work places like compressors, generator sheets; . Adoption of Shock absorbing techniques to reduce impact; . Provision of Inlet and outlet mufflers which are easy to design; and . Provision of Earmuffs to the workers and enforcement of its use by the workers.
At the peak of the construction, marginal increase in noise levels is expected to occur. The activities, which produce periodic noise, are as follows: Operation and transport of constructional equipment;
The typical noise levels of some construction equipment are given in Table-49. The peak noise levels from continuous construction activity may be as high as 85 dB (A). Since, the populated areas are located at more than 1-km from the project site, the noise levels are considered to have insignificant impact on community.
Overall, the impact of generated noise on the environment is likely to be insignificant, reversible and localized in nature and mainly confined to the day hours, as sufficient noise control measures would be undertaken.
Table 49: Typical Noise Levels of Construction Equipment Description Noise Levels dB(A) at 1-m from Source Earth Movers Excavator 90-95 Crane 90-95 Trucks (10t and 16t) 84-88 Dozer 85-90 Dumpers 87-91 Wheel loader 89-94 Tractors 76-96 Scrapers, Graders 80-93 Pavers 86-88 Trucks 82-94 Material Handlers Concrete mixers 75-88 Cranes (movable) 75-86 Cranes (derrick) 86-88 Stationary Equipment Pumps 69-71 Generators 71-82 Compressors 74-86 Impact Based Equipment Pneumatic Wrenches 83-88
4.2.2.5 Impact on Terrestrial Ecology
The construction of the project activities will disturb the present ecological habitat of the area. Construction activities will lead to removal of vegetation in the area there by effect the fauna depending on the vegetatation. This impact will be localised as the fauna will migrate to the surrounding habitat. However, there will be irreversible impact on the flora within the project site.
The construction labourers will be prohibited from using vegetation for fuel wood and
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contractors would be instructed to provide cooking fuel to labourers.
Impact on the ecology of the study area will vary with the proximity of the habitats from the proposed commercial production locations. The primary form of impact could be in form of habitat disturbances, which would normalize after completion of the construction phase.
ILPPL proposes to develop wide greenbelt around the premises of the port. The trees that would be planted are the native species. ILPPL would also implement soil erosion control measures using vegetation. These two activities would render positive impacts on the ecological setting.
The flora and faunal habitats in the study area may be affected by erosion, siltation and water stagnation arising from run-on and runoff from the project site.
There are, however, likely to be some residual, unavoidable, impacts, linked to the noise and light disturbance on night dwelling animals. However, positive impacts would be created due to greenbelt development and erosion control measures using vegetation. The summary of impact on flora and fauna are given in Table-50.
Table 50: Summary of Impact Assessment - Flora and Fauna Magnitude3 Overall Aspect Nature1 Targets/Interests2 and extent Significance4 Loss of habitat Loss of vegetation Flora and fauna, Small & Minor land flora typically arid localised. vegetation, faunal Compensatory comprise grazing afforestation animals and proposed. dependent Beneficial, mammals and Medium, reptiles. Green Belt Local community, Positive Impact Moderate Development and Breeding birds, Beneficial, erosion control and flora and other Medium using vegetation fauna.
Disturbance Light, noise. Local community, Small, Moderate Surface run-off. Breeding birds, localized. Project duration and flora and other Mitigative only fauna. measures in- built in equipment to meet ambient limits. Invading Colonisation by Avifauna and Small, Minor species species fauna Localised. No associated with migration route human activity / paths reported in the block. Fatalities Contaminated Fauna, especially Small, Minor water / rain water, birds and reptiles Localised. No waste dumps and off-site disposal domestic waste is likely to occur disposal from operation. Area fenced and maintained 1 Description; short or long term; reversible or permanent 2 Targets and interests potentially affected.
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Magnitude3 Overall Aspect Nature1 Targets/Interests2 and extent Significance4 3 Adverse or beneficial; small, large, etc; very localised (sites only), local, regional national. 4 Overall significance against criteria ( minor; •moderate, some significance; ••major)
4.2.2.6 Impact on Aquatic Ecology
During the construction of the Jetty, the bottom living communities’ i.e benthos present in the region will get disturbed. The turbidity induced during the process of construction would alter the water quality and in turn affect the fishes.
The construction activities of the project facilities will have marginal impact on aquatic ecosystem during the construction period.
Construction of Jetty During the construction, the benthic organisms will get disturbed, but they are expected to colonize again once the construction is completed. In order to limit the damage at initial stage, the bed should not be disturbed much. Explosives should not be used. The construction materials should be placed one above another by using proper hoisting machineries and should not be dropped on the seafloor. Once the berth is built, the honey comb voids in it would serve as a suitable substratum for marine flora and fauna.
Potential Impacts on Bottom Contamination Construction work and dredging disturb bottom sediments and induce re-suspension, dispersal and settlement of such sediments. Dumping of dredged material directly alters bottom configuration. Dredging removes bottom habitat and may lead to a loss of fishery resources.
Organic Matter and Nutrients The release of organic rich sediments during dredging can result in decrease in oxygen levels in surrounding waters within the vicinity. Depending on the location and timing of the dredge this may lead to the suffocation of marine animals and plants within the localized area. However, it is important to stress that the reduction in dissolved oxygen level in water is temporary, as tidal exchange will replenish the dissolved oxygen concentration.
The resuspension of sediments during dredging may also result in an increase in the levels of organic matter and nutrients available to marine organisms. This can result in two main effects: . Algal blooms due to eutrophication leading to deteorioration of water quality . Increased organic material, nutrients and algal growth may provide food for zooplankton and higher organisms, thereby increasing the productivity of the marine ecosystem.
Entrainment occurs when organisms are trapped during uptake of sediments and water by dredging machinery. Benthic infauna are particularly vulnerable to being entrained by dredging uptake.
Impact on Terrestrial Ecology The initial construction works at the project site involves land clearance. During construction activities vegetation may be disturbed which can be considered insignificant. Greenbelt development plan will be initiated before the construction activity of commissioning of Jetty which in turn will improve the aesthetic value in the area and helps in screening out the fugitive dust generated. The removal of vegetation from the soil and loosening of the topsoil generally causes soil erosion. However, such impacts will be confined to the project site and will be minimized through paving and water spraying.
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Impact on Marine Environment The initial construction works at the project site lead to irreversible habitat loss for benthic communities of the area which will re-colonise in the nearby areas.
4.2.2.7 Demography and Socio-Economics
Damages to the fishing nets and navigational problems to the fishing community have been assessed. Industrialization and modernization may change the cultural traditions of the local community.
The impacts of the proposed developmental and constructional activities are likely to be at a minimum as the habitation and settlements are far from the project site and the region is scarcely populated.
All constructional activities will be carried out in accordance to established HSE practices including the permit to work system. However, for the constructional activities, the bulk of the manual labour required would be sourced locally. This would be a positive impact on the demographic pattern of the area.
However, the potential adverse impacts on the socio-economic environment due to the constructional activities of the project are enlisted as following: Impacts due to loss of land, structures, assets, standing crops Impacts on livelihood Impact on public infrastructure and civic amenities
Impacts due to Loss of Land, Structures, Assets, Standing Crops Only Coastal cultivation and farming is done in the area, hence it is expected that the impacts due to loss of land, structures, assets or standing crops would be minimum. The construction of the project shall also not entail any displacement of people.
Impacts on Livelihoods No displacement or resettlement issues are envisaged in the project. The impact due to loss of land will be minimised by providing fair compensation and encouraging alternative means of livelihood either directly or indirectly through project related activities. Hence, the impact on livelihood of locals due to project development is expected to be minimal and quite possibly a positive impact due to alternative economic activities.
The project is also likely to enhance the socio-economic conditions in the region through greater economic opportunities and multiplier effect in terms of creation of service and small industry and other income generation opportunities to support the project and for the general socio-economic development.
Impacts on Public Infrastructure and Civic Amenities The potential impacts of the project construction on local public infrastructure and civic amenities could arise due to pressure on resources (power, water, roads) due to the construction activities and the presence of the construction camps.
The electricity requirement for construction activities will be captively-generated and the project proponents will not source electricity from the State electricity grid during the construction activities.
No existing resources/water sources (surface/groundwater), which are currently being used by the villagers for the purpose of obtaining drinking water and/or water for irrigation or other purposes will be tapped into. As mentioned in above sections, construction water will be procured either through local contractors without affecting local water resources or by desalinating the saline ground water. Drinking water requirements during the construction phase will be met from packaged water or water transported through tankers to the
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construction sites.
About 20-30 trucks per day are expected to ply on the road. Although such incremental traffic is not likely to cause major impacts, any adverse impacts on the road infrastructure shall be adequately addressed. The village roads in the project area, if required, will be widened and strengthened for the use. After the completion of the project activity village roads in the vicinity of the project area will be repaired for any damage caused by the movement of project related vehicles.
Separate arrangements shall be made at the construction camps for water and power supply, sanitation facilities and fuel to ensure that there are no pressures on the local resources.
Impacts on Health and Safety Given the minimal intrusion into the existing natural resources of the region (land, freshwater sources), adequate measures for dust suppression (the only credible source impacting the air environment), adequate distance from nearest habitation will be maintained, so that no adverse health impacts are expected, either during construction or operations of the project.
During the construction phase, the movement of heavy earthmovers, excavators, transporting vehicles during the construction phase may increase the risk of accidents and injuries. Interaction of local labour with outside labour force during the construction may lead to transference of communicable diseases if left uncontrolled and unchecked. A road safety awareness campaign will be undertaken to better inform the communities about safer road habits. The project proponent proposes to carry out community awareness program in partnership with the local health authorities on communicable sexually transmitted diseases well ahead of the commencement of the project to minimise such risks.
4.2.3 Management Plan/Mitigation Measures during Construction Phase
4.2.3.1 Mitigation Measures for Land Environment
The spoil generated during construction will be reused for construction as well as for land levelling.
Disposal of Dredge Spoil The dredged material can be safely transported by pipelines to backup areas on the land and used for reclamation. The offshore disposal may be totally avoided.
The dredging activity leads to increase in turbidity level of the water at the dredging site. The dredged materials are considered suitable for reclamation. It is observed that the proposed area for dredging is free from any chemical contamination or sewage pollution. In the present case, the dredged material is expected to put under beneficial use, i.e., it will be used for reclamation of back up areas. This will help to avoid any kind of stress on the marine environment.
Dumping of dredged materials will be treated in accordance with the provisions of the Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter, 1972, and the Amendments Adopted in 1978 and 1980, London Dumping Convention, and relevant national regulations.
4.2.3.2 Site Preparation
Environmental pollution during construction stage will be limited and for a temporary period during the activity. Construction should be planned in such a way that excavated material should be disposed safely. All the disturbed slopes should be stabilized before onset of monsoon. The manpower required for these activities should preferably be employed from
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nearby villages so that avenues of employment will be open to local people. The following measures shall be taken for Site Preparation Activities: Minimize cleared area and size of site/maximize perimeter to area ratio to aid natural vegetation; Use hand cutting to clear vegetation initially as necessary and to be selective in using machinery; Conserve root stock and topsoil, store for later rehabilitation; Limit levelling activity; Do not burn brush and uprooted materials; Where vegetation and soil are removed ensure proper separation and storage/collect seed, rootstock, brash for subsequent re-vegetation; Incorporate drainage and minimize disturbance to natural drainage patterns, engineer slopes and drainage to minimize erosion. Design for storm conditions/ensure offsite natural run-off does not wash over site/use perimeter drainage ditches; Seal bund and ensure proper drainage of machinery areas, fuel and chemical storage, and mud mixing areas; Provide base material compatible with local ground conditions. Hard core should be laid on geotextile membrane. Avoid concreting sites; Protect water courses, if any, from contamination and siltation;
4.2.3.3 Land Environment
Workers engaged during construction phase should be provided with temporary housing facilities at planned labour colonies located preferably nearer to project site. Moreover, haphazard growth of labour camps should be avoided.
On completion of construction works all temporary structures, materials and wastes will be completely removed to avoid future land use incompatibility. Dumping of construction waste on agricultural land will be prohibited and stockpiles will be provided with gentle slopes.
The development of the project will be done with due regard for local development plans. It will be ensured that the proposed landuse for the project development is compatible with the surrounding landuse. The land use plan developed will provide a scope to have an attractive design of the operation building area and greenbelt development to enhance the aesthetic quality of the area in and around the Jetty Operation.
The solid wastes such as paints, lubricants, oil diesel containers or any other non- biodegradable wastes that have leaching characteristics will be disposed at landfill site proposed to be constructed near Jetty. In the likely event that the soil quality is found sensitive, contaminated soil will be removed for bio-remediation. Provision will be done for a secure, lined materials storage area to reduce mobilization of potential contaminants into soil.
A waste management plan will be prepared before the commissioning of activity, implemented and monitored for all land-based construction operations. In areas, where soil quality for natural vegetation is of critical concern, loosening of soil in such areas will be done to mitigate soil compaction caused due to operation of heavy machinery.
Standard construction procedures will be implemented to ensure that the impact on surface drainage pattern and soil erosion is kept minimal. This will necessarily include avoiding blockage of natural surface drainage and developing appropriate drainage system in areas where it is unavoidable.
Adequate care will be taken during pile driving and concrete operations to avoid any spillage by using gantry type piling machines. Compaction and backup reclamation and
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protection activities will also be carried out without affecting the water flow and quality creation of new sedimentation.
The adverse effects of capital dredging and construction work will be minimized by appropriate selection of equipment, proper use of silt curtains, careful planning of settling ponds and overflow weirs for reclamation and landfills, and suitable transport of construction materials and dredged material. All spoils will be used for the development of landfills and no sea dumping is envisaged there is no underwater blasting or rock dredging planned. Close monitoring of dredging activities will be done to avoid any spillage or leaks. Transportation of goods to and fro from the dredger will be carefully performed.
However, as the construction will be carried out on the flat terrain, the soil losses will be negligible. Further, the construction will be more related to mechanical fabrication, assembly and erection; hence the water requirements would be meager. Temporary sanitation facilities (septic tanks and soak pits) will be set-up for disposal of sanitary sewage generated by the work force like drivers etc. The overall impact on water environment during construction phase due to proposed project is likely to be short term and insignificant.
4.2.3.4 Air Environment
During the construction phase, gaseous emissions are expected from the diesel generator(s). All other emission sources are intermittent and include emissions from materials transport from heavy vehicles. Though the gaseous emissions are not expected to contribute significantly to the ambient air quality, some generic measures to reduce fugitive and gaseous pollutants emissions during construction phase include the following from point, area and line sources shall include the following: . The storage and handling of soil, and materials will be carefully managed to minimize the risk of wind blown material and dust, . Sections of the working area will be damped by controlled application of water sprays (e.g. by water bowsers); . There will be no on-site burning of any waste . All vehicles delivering construction materials to the site or removing soil will be enclosed and covered; . In areas where the soils contain large quantities of silt and fine sand, will be ensured for dust suppression by the contractor; . Vehicles or equipment will be checked for pollutant emissions over stipulated norms; . Engines and exhaust systems of all vehicle and equipment will be maintained so that exhaust emissions do not breach statutory limits; . Exhausts of other equipment used for construction (e.g. generators) will be positioned at a sufficient height to ensure dispersal of exhaust emissions and meet the standards set by CPCB; and . Nose masks should be provided to construction workers, while carrying out operations that may entail potential for dust inhalation. . Dust will be generated during construction activities and transportation of material.
4.2.3.5 Water Environment
Potential Impacts on Water Quality Construction works in the water i.e pile driving, dredging, sand compaction leads to turbidity in water due to re-suspension of sediment soil thus increasing the suspended solids concentration. This inturn reduces the sunlight penetration.
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Work vessels are a possible cause of oil spills, garbage discharge, and leakage of other substances into water.The total capital dredging for the proposed Jetty is not significant. The maintenance dredging will be insignificant. The dredged material will be carried to the land and used for reclaiming the Jetty back-up areas.
During construction period, the water quality is likely to be affected due to the construction work and loosening of topsoil. This is likely to increase the suspended solids in the run-off during heavy precipitation. In order to reduce the impact on water quality, temporary sedimentation tanks shall be constructed for the settlement of the suspended matter. There is no likely hood of ground water contamination as there will not be any process effluents during construction.
Measures for Procurement and Supply of Water Drinking water requirements during the construction phase will be met from groundwater/packaged water or water transported through tankers to the construction sites. Construction labourers should be provided with adequate quantity of drinking water of potable quality.
Mitigation Measures for Prevention of Water Pollution The selected contractor will be instructed to follow the procedures detailed in the waste management & disposal plan. Sufficient and appropriate sanitary facilities will be provided in the construction labourer’s camp. These measures will adequately mitigate any negative impacts during construction. These wastes, will be treated in a septic tanks followed by soak pits.
The solid waste generated will be collected and disposed at an appropriate site approved by the state government or used as compost for agricultural use. The workshop areas, DG set locations and fuel storage areas would be surrounded by drains so as to avoid accidental spills of oil/oily wastes. Area for maintenance of vehicles should be so located that contamination of groundwater by accidental spillage of oil can be prevented by making concrete floor with proper drains for collection of waste oils.
4.2.3.6 Noise Environment
The following measures are recommended to mitigate adverse impacts of noise environment during construction phase: Onsite workers should be provided with noise protection devices such as earmuffs wherever necessary; Earth movers and construction machinery with low noise levels should be used; and Periodic maintenance of construction machinery and transportation vehicles should be undertaken.
4.2.3.7 Biological Environment
During the construction, the benthic organisms will get temporarily disturbed, but they are expected to colonize again once the construction is completed. In order to limit the damage at initial stage, care to be taken so that the bed will not be disturbed much. The construction materials should be placed one above another by using proper hoisting machineries and should not be dropped on the seafloor. Once the berth is built, the honey comb voids in it would serve as a suitable substratum for marine fauna.
The change in current pattern due to obstruction caused by the berths will be for initial period and the sea bed will adjust itself for the new flow regime. There should not be any sudden increase in flow velocity close to the shore, which may otherwise pose hazard for the human beings and fishing boats.
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No fishing zone in the areas of approach channel and Offshore Jetty should be marked with beacon buoys. Public meeting has to be organized at nearby fishing villages on the safe sailing in the vicinity of the Jetty.
Capital Dredging In order to minimize destruction on benthic community while dredging, the controlled method of dredging may be carried out confined to only ILPPL Jetty area. The lowering of buckets is to be carried out slowly to avoid accidental impact on meiofauna. The turbidity induced during the dredging can be minimized using controlled dredging techniques. In order to control the spread of turbid plume, net enclosures with booms to be placed circling the dredging area. Regular monitoring of the turbidity and sediment concentration may be carried by water sampling.
Regular monitoring on the heavy metals in the water column has to be carried out during dredging. The amount of material dredged can be reduced by using latest techniques for greater dredging accuracy and increased surveying of dredged channels. Improved dredging technology and position fixing equipment allows more precision resulting in real reductions in the amounts of materials dredged and deposited.
Disposal of Dredge Spoil The dredged material can be safely transported by pipelines to backup areas on the land and used for reclamation. The offshore disposal may be totally avoided as proposed in the plan.
Ecological Aspects During construction period, there could be clearing of vegetation in order to prepare the site for construction. However, this will be mitigated by proper landscaping and extensive plantation along with the construction of the additional Port facilities. Similarly, aquatic life observed in the near by streams is common in nature and these do not harbor any endangered species. A comprehensive green belt programme will be implemented which will help in improving the ecological condition of the region.
The damage to native species is not envisaged and the genetic diversity of the area will not be disturbed.
Floodlights The floodlights should be minimum in number and may be used for restricted period in the evening only. During night time, low intensity lights may be used
Reduction in Biotic Pressure Influx of people would add to biotic pressure. Influx of people should be controlled by giving employment to local people after providing training facilities.
Public Awareness Program The local people should be educated to understand the importance of biodiversity conservation and plantation program and should be encouraged to take active part in agroforestry and social forestry program
Greenbelt Development ILPPL proposes to develop greenbelt along the roads. Native species would be chosen for platation program
The greenbelt development will be carried out to contain the the fugitive emissions, if any and to attenuate the noise generated from the project area apart from improving the aesthetics of the area. Plantation program to be undertaken in all available vacant areas. This should include plantation in the project premises, along the internal and external roads and along the administrative buildings.
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The plant species selected for greenbelt shall include the native species. These saplings should be planted in several rows (8 to 10 rows) with a tree density of about 1500 trees/ha. The proposed plantation shall cover the following design aspects: There shall be a minimum of 10-m wide greenbelt all around the proposed project facilities; The total area of the greenbelt including green cover of the project site should be at least 25% of the total geographic area of the project area as a whole; All along the internal and external roads, plantation shall be taken up; The total number of trees to be planted in this area shall be at the rate of 1500 trees per hectare initially with the provision of increasing density based on survival and performance; Shrubs and trees shall be planted in encircling rows around the project site;
4.2.3.8 Socio-Economic Environment
Given that the project and related developments like construction camps will not be dependent on local resources (power, water), during both construction and operations, the only likely impact on infrastructure would be on the roads during the construction phase. However, considering the low traffic during construction phase, effective traffic management should not pose any problem. In any case, attempts should be made to divert the traffic during lean traffic hours.
Summary of Impact Assessment on Social Environment The summary of the assessments of impact on social environment is given in Table-51.
Table 51: Summary of Impact Assessment - Social Environment Targets/ Magnitude3 Overall Aspect Nature1 Interests2 and extent Significance4 Impact on Usage of Communities, Positive Impact due Minor (+) civic approach road and cattle using to increase in amenities and access the roads accessibility road Noise and air Local Small, localized. Moderate pollution from communities, Mitigative measures transport – periodic vehicles maintenance, pollution checks etc Impact on Air, noise and Local Localized. Mitigative Moderate Health water pollution communities measures built in to the system Social well Generation of Local Positive Impact due Minor (+) being employment communities, to increase in earnings Influx of Local Social tensions. To Minor migrant communities, be managed population through proactive control measures to minimize adverse interactions. Resources Purchase of Local Localized Moderate and water from communities Infrastructur local suppliers e Disturbance Light, noise. Local Flaring would be Moderate communities, reduced by using
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Targets/ Magnitude3 Overall Aspect Nature1 Interests2 and extent Significance4 floating the gas in generator. population Sparse population and the remoteness of the location the glare effect would be negligible on the community 1 Description; short or long term; reversible or permanent 2 Targets and interests potentially affected. 3 Adverse or beneficial; small, large, etc; very localised (sites only), local, regional national. 4 Overall significance against criteria ( minor; •moderate, some significance; ••major)
There are no resettlement issues involved in the proposed project. There will be no significant impact on the movement of the fishing trawlers / fish crafts during the construction of the Jetty as the construction activities are close to the shore.
The traditional fishermen generally follow depth contours and have no specific routes and change the route depending on season, and traditional beliefs..
Induced Development Induced development will be witnessed through development of commercial establishments such as hotels, grocery shops, etc. Though this will impact the aesthetics in the region, the beneficial impacts are envisaged in the form of indirect employment opportunities
The construction phase requires both skilled and unskilled manpower. This will create a need for residential facilities for the migrant workers and the nearby areas such as Nate village will be impacted. The types of impacts due to the production plan have been summarized below:
Impact on Civic Amenities The area has limited network of roads, communication and provision of amenities like water supply in the village areas. Many villages have been electrified. Although the existing communications and support services in the area are adequate based on the population density, establishment of the proposed project would further strengthen the road network and access to some of the remote areas with all weather road thus the overall impact is considered to be positive.
Impact on Health Impact on health due to emissions and noise has been assessed to be minimal based on the modelling simulations. In addition employees working at site would be provided with protective devices like earplugs/earmuffs for ensuring minimum impact on human health.
Social environment ILPPL pays particular attention that its contractors use fair labour practices to ensure that local people have fair and equal access to job opportunities.
In addition ILPPL assists in various ways to augment and strengthen the rural education facilities and health awareness. It also works in cooperation with local NGO’s for local skill development such as vocational training for women and self help schemes.
Measures for Socio-Economic Development Employment and indirect business opportunities will be considered for local population, based on the available skill set in the local communities.
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In order to mitigate the adverse impacts on social and economic aspects, due to the project, it is necessary to formulate certain EMP measures for the smooth functioning and commissioning of the project. The suggested measures are given below: Prior information about the proposed project should be given to the farmers and local people of the study area; Public awareness campaign must be organized to make the people aware about the proposed project; Preference shall be given for employment of the local people during construction phase as well as maintenance activities; Awareness programmes must be taken to make people aware about the need for water conservation, rainwater harvesting and methods of improving water quality; Create various awareness campaigns in the community specially related to basic health, hygiene and sanitation; Periodical health check up camps should be organized by project authority for workers as well as local people; Orientation and training programmes should be organized for the teachers that would help them to generate ideas and develop their skills and creativity in teaching aids and teaching methodology; Vocational training programmes must be organized for the local people that may develop their capacity and skills and will be helpful for them in getting more employment opportunities; Introduction of workers from the outside region will affect local culture, habits and economic status of that region. Therefore as far as possible local population must be employed in the construction activities; Appropriate welfare activities and community development activities to be planned in consultation with the local community, district authorities and be implemented in a phased manner; Communication with the local community, to get local people into confidence, so as to avoid any unpleasantness amongst local people in future; and For social welfare activities to be undertaken by the project authorities, collaboration should be sought with the local administration, gram panchayat etc for better co- ordination.
Approach Roads Approach roads will be constructed as far as possible as overlays on existing roads, by strengthening the roads and made with the consent of the local village administration and the concerned regulatory authorities. This would result in an added advantage to the local community, since the existing roads would be converted to heavy duty all weather roads
The temporary road will be routed in a manner so that disturbance to existing activity and to the local community is minimised. The road surface will be maintained to minimise generation of vehicular movement dust in the local area. The road upgradation / modification will be done in consultation with the local authority / village community.
4.2.3.9 Mitigation Measures for Noise
Transmission of noise and vibration are limited by the distance from their sources. Noise could be considerably reduced by adoption of low noise equipment.
Environmental protection with regard to noise pollution can be implemented through the following:
Organizational Measures Noise protection organizational measures implementation starts proper structural designs. During the design, optimization of working conditions in all aspects, including the noise created and the part of the day when they take place, should be implemented.
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Architectonic and Organizational Noise Protection Measures Contractor must comply with the general noise protective measures for the location off the site. The general environmental noise protective measures off the site imply the following: . Establishing criteria to be met by the contractor during construction (limits for emitted sound force allowed for the constructor's equipment); . Contractor's liability to compile the site development plan, as well as the work plan including a precise cost estimate and work, material, procedures and restrictions specifications, which shall ensure in a clear and comprehensive manner the contractor's making of a unambiguous and clear offer with accepted liabilities; and . Supervision during work execution.
A greenbelt development plan undertaken during development of Jetty would be augmented by further planting of trees at appropriate locations. The maintenance of greenbelt area is monitored by the Environmental Cell of I Log port.
The following preventive measures will be implemented: . Low noise equipment with mufflers/acoustic enclosures, wherever required; . Phase wise greenbelt development along the boundary of the port; . Acoustic enclosures to the various equipment; . Provision of earmuffs/earplugs to work personnel; and . Frequent monitoring of noise levels.
Table 52: Mitigation Measures During Construction Phase Environmental Institutional Activity Mitigation Measures Impact Responsibility Site clearing Particulate Water sprinkling Contractors emissions Nose masks Noise Noise specifications for Contractors generation from earthmovers earthmovers Personal protection Periodic maintenance of machinery Loss of flora Revegetation atleast in Project and fauna twice the area of existing developer with vegetated area assistance from local Forest Department Increased soil Stockpiling Contractors erosion from Soil protection measures cleared area Project affected Rehabilitation and Project population, if resettlement plan developer with any assistance from local Govt. Transportation of Particulate and Covered transport of Truck owners/ construction gaseous construction material contractors material emissions (CO, Maintenance of vehicles HC, NOx) Noise Maintenance of vehicles Truck owners/ generation contractors Construction Particulate and Water sprinkling Contractors activities gaseous (CO, Maintenance of HC, SO2, NOx) construction machineries emissions Noise Maintenance of vehicles Contractors generation
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Environmental Institutional Activity Mitigation Measures Impact Responsibility Sewage Provision of sanitation Contractor generation in facilities and sewage labour camps treatment plant Cutting of trees Provision of alternate Contractor for usage of fuel wood as fuel DG sets for power Gaseous DG set maintenance to Contractor generation emissions (SO2, meet stipulated HC, CO, NOx) standards Land reclamation Impact on soil Soil compaction Contractor quality and erodibility
4.2.3.10 Health and Safety
The movement of heavy equipment will be done with proper precaution to prevent any accidents on the road. Occupational risk would be minimized at the project site through safety measures. Movement of vehicles with 20-40 km/hr imposed speed limits on village roads will reduce risks of accidents or injuries.
Safety training will be provided to all construction workers on operation of equipment. The construction site will be fenced to prevent local villagers and animals from straying in and coming near moving parts of the machinery. Security and fencing during non-working hours will also be provided to ensure there is no uncontrolled access to the machinery and equipment.
The contractors shall also be vigilant to detect workers showing symptoms of communicable diseases. All illness and incidents shall be reported and recorded.
4.3 Operational Phase
4.3.1 Potential Impact During Operations
The operational phase activities due to proposed project have the potential to cause environmental impacts. The potential impact identified along with their impact characteristics are listed in Table-53.
Cumulative impacts due to the air and noise pollution are predicted using simulation models. The details of the models and interpretation of the results are discussed in the subsequent sections of this chapter.
Table 53: Likely Impacts during Operations Phase Impact Characteristics Environmental Activity Positive/ Primary / Impact Duration Reversibility Significance Negative Secondary Material Emissions of Long-term Irreversible Negative Primary Slightly Handling and CO, HC, NOx significant Transportation Noise Long-term Irreversible Negative Primary Slightly of Cargo and generation significant as the derivatives like silence zone is petcoke, away from the metcoke site and personal including protection minerals and system will be liquids employed
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Impact Characteristics Environmental Activity Positive/ Primary / Impact Duration Reversibility Significance Negative Secondary Noise Long-term Irreversible Negative Primary Slightly generation from significant as the DG Sets (for silence zone is standby and away from the emergency use site and personal only) protection system will be employed Water quality Long-term Irreversible Negative Primary impacts Resource Water demand Long-term Irreversible Negative Primary Significant utilization Wastewater Long-term Irreversible Negative Secondary Slightly generation significant as the wastewater will be appropriately treated and reused/recycled Treated sewage will be recycled to maximum extent Solid waste Long-term Reversible Negative Secondary Moderately generation significant as waste will be segregated, treated and disposed at appropriately designed landfill sites in the port. Proper lining will be provided to avert soil/groundwater pollution
4.3.2 Impact on Land Use
Majority of the present land use of the area is barren land. Hence, there is no impact on land use due to the proposed project. Development of greenbelt along the project site boundary and landscaping of the site will also be having positive impact in land-use pattern (increase in productivity of soils and change of aesthetic value of the area).
4.3.3 Impact on Soil
Most of the impacts of Jetty activities on soils are restricted to the construction phase, which will get stabilized during operational phase. The impact on the topsoil will be confined to the proposed main Jetty backup area. Change in Land use; Soil erosion; Alteration of soil quality by loss of topsoil and compaction; Localized alteration of subsoil and overland drainage patterns; and Potential contamination of soil due to disposal of solid waste.
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Soil erosion during the operational phase may be caused by truck movement on the approach and access roads. The regular movement of heavy vehicles on the road would lead to ribbon formation on the sides of the road, which will be bereft of vegetation and hence would be prone to erosion.
Mitigation Measures Fugitive emissions are likely to be controlled to a great extent through water spraying wherever possible to reduce dust
4.3.4 Topography
The project site is divided into 2 areas 1, intertidal zone, the offshore marine jetty area and secondly the backup area which is situated at a level of +30 mts this area will be connected by gradation in northern boundary (difference level is <10mts). All measures will be taken to avoid excessive gradation.
The present levels will be maintained in the post construction period of the project. There will not be any topographical changes during operation of the project. The vegetation in the region and development of green belt in project site area, landscaping within project site premises and plantation programmes in surrounding villages and plantation along the sea coast area will be continued even in plain areas, which will help to reduce the climatic changes due to project related industrial development activities.
4.3.5 Summary of Impacts on Soil and Land Environment
Summary of impacts on soil and land use are given in Table-54.
Table 54: Summary of Impact Assessment on Soil and Land-Use Nature of Targets / Magnitude and Overall Impact Area Impact1 Interests2 extent3 Magnitude4 Land use Change in original Reduction of Port and access roads Minor land use, land degraded only, small scale; degradation, vegetation, Beneficial effect due to reversible visual intrusion afforestation and all (partially) weather access roads Degradation Cumulative Soil quality, Localised near Minor of soil quality contamination flora and fauna, sources; small with dust, surface including contribution to existing run-off; reversible grazing background levels livestock Physical effects Soil quality, small scale Minor on soils due to flora degradation of soil topsoil removal, quality nutrient loss; reversible Soil Subsurface Soil quality, Localised near the Minor contamination contamination groundwater source of operation due to spillage flora and fauna and could be nullified and handling of and the grazing with proper house- the chemicals and livestock keeping & waste other waste management materials, reversible(partial) Rupture of infield Soil quality, Localised near the Minor and groundwater source of rupture. interconnecting flora and fauna Pressure sensory pipeline community and devices interlocked
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Nature of Targets / Magnitude and Overall Impact Area Impact1 Interests2 extent3 Magnitude4 the grazing with auto cut off switch. livestock Oil spill contingency plan would be implemented on the occurrence of an event. 1 Description; short or long term; reversible or permanent 2 Targets and interests potentially affected 3 Adverse or beneficial; small, large, etc; localized (sites only), local, regional national 4 Overall significance against criteria ( Minor; •Moderate/ some significance; ••Major)
4.3.6 Material Handling System
The Jetty will be operated using wharf cranes and conveyors equipped with sufficient dust and fire mitigation system. New generation mechanized material handling system will be for faster and efficient handling and evacuation of material with minimum handling loss.
Only material permitted under statutory acts, rules, regulations and directions will be handled in the Jetty duly complying with approved procedures to the extent facilities existing at the port. Ship traffic, especially international trade, shall also comply with International Ship and Jetty Facility Security (ISPS) Code.
Greenbelt development along the periphery of the Project site boundary, around the storage yards and also along the roadside will be undertaken as per CPCB norms, subject to the suitability of the soil conditions.
4.3.6.1 Transport Network
A 900 m road will be constructed from the Jetty to existing state coastal road near Nate. In addition to this, secondary internal roads connecting the dry bulk berths to the stackyard will be provided.
Dry bulk cargo will be handled at the port. The environmental parameters likely to be affected due to handling of such bulk cargo is presented here under in Table 55.
Table 55: Environmental Parameters affected due to Handling of Material Major Environmental Sr. Type of Material likely to Parameters likely to be Areas of Concern No. be Handled attracted by such material handling activities 1 Dry Bulk Material and sugar. Land, Air, Surface Water, Health, Material Public utilities Dust. 2 Liquid Bulk Cargo like Land, Air, Surface Water, Collision, Petroleum Crude, Finished Harbor Water, Health, spillages, Petroleum products, Natural Public utilities leakages, Gases like LPG & LNG explosion, fire etc
4.3.7 Impact on Air Quality
The jetty operation activities involve releases of air emissions during the operation phase. The nature of these emissions and impacts in terms of significant air pollutants and the quantities were identified and are discussed in the section below.
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Potential Air Emissions The criteria air pollutants contributing to the ambient air quality from the proposed facility will be particulate matter (PM), oxides of nitrogen (NOX), sulphur dioxide (SO2) and carbon monoxide(CO).
The major source of emission during the operation phase are emissions from the operation of DG sets, movement of vehicles to the site. The list of transportation vehicles used for transporting workers to the jetty, and considered as the line source, are given below in the Table 56.
Table 56: Transportation Vehicles Sr.No Particulars Nos 1 Buses 2 2 Cars 3 3 Two Wheelers 2
The emission generation at the jetty area during the operation phase, will be mainly due to operation of DG set of 75 KVA capacity. The details of DG are given below in the Table 57 . Table 57: DG Details Parameter Units Details of DG sets 75 kVA Diesel Consumption l/hr 20 Exhaust release height m 7.0 Exhaust diameter m 0.3 Exhaust gas velocity m/s 6.5 Flue gas flow rate m3/s 0.45 Flue gas temperature ºC 160
The details of emission rates from the line and the point sources are given below in the Table 58 and the map showing the sources is given as Figure 42..
Table 58: Sources - Operation Phase Sr. Emission Source Emission Units Emission Rate No Type PM SO2 NOX CO 1 Transportation Line (#) g/sec/m2 0.00001 -- 0.0001 0.00008 Vehicles 2 DG Sets Point (*) g/sec -- 0.084 0.251 - * Emission rates are calculated based on USEPA - AP 42 Manual # Emission Factor development for Indian Vehicles by The Automative Research Assoication of India
Predicted GLCs Predicted maximum ground level concentrations considering annual micro-meteorological data of the region are superimposed on the maximum baseline concentrations obtained during the study period to estimate the post-project scenario, which would prevail at the post-operational phase. The predicted GLC-isopleths are shown in Figure-48 to Figure- 49. Predicted 24 hourly incremental GLCs are given in Table-59.
Table 59: Predicted 24-Hourly Short-Term Cumulative Incremental GLCS Pollutant Incremental Concentration (g/m3) Distance (km), Direction CO 6.8 1 E NOX 2.87 1 E PM 0.27 1 E SO2 2.79 1 E
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Figure 48 : Sources - Operation Phase
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Resultant Concentrations after Implementation of the Project The maximum incremental GLCs due to the proposed project for SO2 are superimposed on th the 98 percentile baseline concentration of SO2 recorded during the study period. The cumulative concentrations (baseline + incremental) after implementation of the project are tabulated below in Table-60.
Table 60: Resultant Cumulative Concentrations due to Incremental GLCS Maximum Maximum Maximum Maximum Incremental SO Incremental Incremental Incremental Description 2 Levels (g/m3) PM Levels NOX Levels CO Levels (g/m3) (g/m3) (g/m3) Predicted maximum 2.28 0.27 2.88 6.8 GLCs values Maximum concentrations 14.9 65.4 21.3 29.1 observed during Baseline study Resultant concentrations 17.18 65.67 24.18 35.9
The predicted GLCs are obtained when superimposed on the maximum baseline concentrations observed during the study period. The resultant pollutant concentrations are within the prescribed NAAQ Standards.
The isopleths representing pollutant concentrations representing 5 km x 5 km grid are the predicted ground level concentration isopleths for various parameters are given in Figure- 49 - 52.
Figure 49 : Isopleths of Sulphur Dioxide
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Figure 50 : Isopleths of Nitrogen Oxides
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Figure 51 : Isopleths of Particulate Matter
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Figure 52 : Isopleths of Carbon Dioxide
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4.3.7.1 Traffic and Discharge
Potential sources of the air pollution are: Berthed ships; and Heavy road material vehicles (trucks) Fly off from cargo storage
Ship's main engines do not operate when ship is moored, and emissions generated by auxiliary engines are insignificant.
The trucks reloading material in the reloading area may be a source of additional air pollution, depending on the gasoline used and on how old the engines are and how well they are maintained.
In order to reduce the negative impact of the transport means on air quality, the material vehicles on the terminal have to meet the requirements of the CPCB standards.
The air pollution from the ships will be minimal but regular monitoring of the ambient air quality shall be conducted by the Environment cell of Jetty and proper preventive and mitigation measures shall be undertaken to maintain the air quality within the norm specified by MoEF & CC.
All cargoes carried or shored will be always kept under tarpaulin/sheet covers and while open handling propoer dust suppression system will be used.
Ambient Air Quality Monitoring The concentration of PM, SO2 and NOx in the ambient air outside the project boundaries and in the adjoining villages shall be monitored as per the direction of the State Pollution Control Board. The data shall be analyzed and compared against the pre-project baseline data.
Meteorological Observations The meteorological conditions w.r.t, wind speed, direction, temperature etc will be recorded on daily basis.
4.3.8 Water Environment
Changes to Hydrodynamic Regime The dredging is planned for deepening the waters 700 mtrs away and therefore no change in hydrodynamic regime or existing equilibrium of waves, currents and tides are expected as the activity will be limited to offshore area. The envisaged marine construction and dredging is limited to development of an offshore Jetty and piled trestle only. Detailed study was carried out to establish the same.
Spillage of Material into the Sea While bulk material is being loaded or unloaded from the ship, there is a possibility of spill into the Offshore Jetty. In addition, the wind may drift the stored bulk material into the sea. Such spillage consisting of ores, chemicals or any organic/inorganic substances might damage the bottom living communities. They will also change the water quality and damage the marine living organisms.
Hazardous Material Handling No hazardous material is expected to be handled as cargo, however hazardous material if handled the Loading, unloading and reloading of the identified, packed hazardous material will take place on the jetty. Although hazardous material would make only a small fraction of the total material and pollution caused by it is not as frequent as pollution caused by oil spills, this issue deserves special attention for the following reasons:
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. Range of potentially hazardous material is wide; . Many incidents include two sorts of dangerous substances flammable liquids and corrosive substances; . Leakages happen on various ship types; and Although prevention and intervention measures in case of contamination by hazardous substances are similar to those in case of oil spills, there are differences in terms of protection technology and security measures as well as with respect to the equipment used.
Probability of an emergency that would cause pollution with dangerous substances is very limited. Still, consequences of such an incident may be very serious. Emergency situations may occur as a result of: . Crashes caused by bad maneuvering . Fire/explosion: local fire is the initial step in a chain leading to incidents with dangerous substances . Container falling into the water. Dangerous substances may leak from the damaged container or may get into the sea after flushing the dock polluted with dangerous substances . Disintegration of containers due to their bad quality . So called domino effect: emergency on one ship spreads onto the next ship
Consequences of a leakage are contingent on the type of hazardous substance as well as on the leakage size and duration.
Impact on Water Resources The raw water required for the Jetty operations to the tune of 140 m3/day for the Jetty operations are sourced from ground water. The waste water generated is 23 m3/day.
Impacts on Water Quality Runoff from raw material storage, spills from bulk material handling, and wind-blown dust are possible sources of contamination of Jetty water. Toxic or harmful substances may be included in runoff from raw materials. Organic materials in runoff are decomposed to the inorganic form, spending dissolved oxygen and increasing the nutrient level in water. Accidental spills of toxic, harmful materials, oils or oily compounds, and other raw materials are also possible sources of contamination of water.
Impact on Surface and Ground Water Quality The wastewater generated in the Jetty area will be treated and utilized in various activities such as green belt and dust suppression systems after treatment. No discharge is envisaged into any surface river water bodies; hence, no impact is envisaged on surface river water quality.
The storm water in the project settlement area is collected through storm water drains and collected in the storm water tank. The stored storm water is utilized in the Jetty operation resulting in conservation of fresh water. Hence, impact on the groundwater quality is not envisaged.
Water Requirement The drinking water and other water will be arranged locally through state water Board. (Jeevan Pradhikaran) or local bodies. The total water requirement is initially expected to be around 140 m3 per day. Elevated reservoir of 150 m3 capacities will be constructed. Domestic wastewater will be generated in the Port Complex, which will be treated in STP and used in greenbelt development and dust suppression. Septic tanks will be constructed to collect the sewage generated from office buildings, canteens, other operational buildings etc.
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There is no withdrawal of ground water in CRZ area. It will be ensured that there is no ingress of saline water due to construction of project and regular ground water testing will be carried out regularly during construction phase.
Rain Water Harvesting
Groundwater Recharge with Rain Water Harvesting There are no rivers or nalas flowing through the site. The existing storm water pattern is maintained. Natural drainage will be maintained, rain water harvesting system within project premises will be practiced.
There is generation of surface run-off from the Port facilities during monsoon season. The run-off from the paved surfaces of the Backup and proposed facility is routed through a carefully designed storm water drainage network and collected in storm water collection sump and excess rainwater is discharged into storage reservoir constructed for later day use.
For augmenting the ground water resources in the Jetty area, a number of rainwater harvesting bore wells will be connected to the internal drains and excess rain water flowing in the drains is diverted to these bore wells. These structures will facilitate percolation of water into the ground, thus augmenting the groundwater sources. This will result in raising the groundwater table.
To facilitate water harvesting, collection and storage of rainwater and also reduction in water consumption, the following measures will be adopted: . The storm water settlement tanks will be located at an appropriate location on the site keeping in view the slope contours and collection point; . Use of low flow fixtures and appliances for reduced water consumption such as low flush water closets and cistern is considered; . Sewage generated is treated in the sewage treatment plant and reused for green belt to reduce the fresh water requirement; . The storm water from paved is treated for the removal of oil & grease and sediments and routed to the water harvesting structures to recharge the ground water table; . In general, dry cleaning methods will be practiced in workshop and maintenance areas for cleaning. High-pressure hoses are used for area cleaning, only where required.
4.3.8.1 Impact on Water Quality Due to Material Operations
Oil Spills and Other Pollution from Ships Oil spills from ships are the most frequent type of pollution and they will create a constant hazard also in this project. The waste and oily waters (bilge and ballast water), with carbon black or engine oil leakages are possible.
Dock Machinery The Jetty machinery (cranes, loaders, tugs, trucks etc) is also a potential source of pollution of the operation zone with hydraulic oil, lubricants or gasoline. Rain flushes the operation zone and the runoff ends in the sea.
Runoff from raw material storage, spills from bulk material handling, and wind-blown dust are possible sources of contamination of Jetty water.
Organic materials in runoff may lead to increased levels of nutrient in water. Accidental spills of toxic, harmful materials, oils or oily compounds, and other raw materials are also possible sources of contamination of water.
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Mitigation Measures The storm water runoff from the stack yards will be collected and taken to the settling pond, via trenches and buried pipelines and solid waste will be collected and disposed off to approved vendors.
4.3.8.2 Marine Environment (Coastal Hydrology / Bottom Contamination, Sea / Harbor Water Quality - ukmarinesac.org)
Accidental Collision of Ships and Oil Spill During towing and berthing of the ships, owing to natural calamity or piloting errors, there can be possibility of mishap of one to one ship collusion or ship hitting or ship getting grounded. During such events, the ship may sink/break and lead to accidental oil spill inside the Jetty basin or in the vicinity.
It is difficult to assess the effect of oil in the marine environment because of the large variation in sources, quantities, and nature of the oil, also the physical, chemical and biological conditions of the environments involved. The majority of researches relating to the effects of the oil on the marine environment relate to major oil spill events, usually from shipping accidents and groundings, the environmental effects of which are well known by all, particularly the association with oiled birds and mammals. Some of the potential effects of oil pollution are as follows: . Prolonged exposure to major / minor oil spills leading to mortality of benthic communities, fish, mammals and birds; . Contamination of sediments modifying the physico-chemical and biological processes. Contaminants can be trapped in the sediments and later released as a result of disturbance such as dredging; . Break down of oil by microorganisms resulting in localized removal of oxygen from the sediments and surrounding water with possible effects on marine life; . The persistent toxic constituents of oil, such as heavy metals, can become stored in the sediments, and taken up into the food chain. . The breakdown of oil tends to be slowest in intertidal areas, which leads to the highest concentration and longest residence times.
Material handling and storage Material handling and storage may cause runoff, spills or leakage of ingredients, which possibly include toxic or harmful materials, organic matter, or oily compounds. Water pollution and bottom contamination resulting from these effluents lead to deterioration of aquatic biota and fishery resources. Dust dispersion on land may cover plants and change terrestrial habitat.
Environment-friendly material handling system will be installed for Cargo and derivatives like petcoke, metcoke including minerals and liquids. New generation mechanized material handling system will be installed at the Jetty for faster and efficient handling and evacuation of material with minimum handling loss. Material handling equipment installed in development of Jetty include, Wharf cranes for bulk exports and bulk imports, associated conveyer system for transportation to and from stack yard, Stackers & Reclaimers for stack yard operations. Minimizing dry material pile heights and containing piles with perimeter walls.
Removing materials from the bottom of piles to minimize dust re-suspension.
A system consisting of pumps, storage tank, nozzles for dust suppression at discharge/ feeding points of belt conveyors have been proposed at each transfer tower for efficient dust control. In addition to above, suitable spray system shall also be provided at ship unloader, coal stack yard of the augmented facility.
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Dust control equipment is proposed for efficient control of dust pollution to the environment during storage and handling of coal at the new berth as well as stack yard.
Greenbelt proposal will be carried out as per the Guidelines published by the Central Pollution Control Board
Emissions of dust from bulk material handling and gasses from material handling equipment can be sources of air pollution. Liquid material handling may result in the release of vapour during the cleaning of storage tanks and by the breather system for ambient temperature changes.
4.3.9 Impact on Noise Levels
Sources The major noise sources are mechanical rig used for pile work. The noise levels close to the DG sets and engines will be in the range of 100-105 dB(A). The general noise level range will be in between 65-90 dB(A). Noise due to vehicular movement will be intermittent, but will also add to the background noise levels.
Potential Impacts Ambient noise quality is normally assessed in relation to its potential to cause: Health deterioration and nuisance in local community; Health deterioration amongst on site workers; and Disturbances and fragmentation to local habitats.
Assessment of Noise Impacts due to Site Activities In order to predict incremental noise levels due to the proposed project activities, different scenarios of operation of project related activities are considered ex pile working, dredging, etc and then using the preparative modelling techniques, the incremental noise levels have been predicted.
For computing the noise levels at various distances with respect to the project site, noise levels are predicted using an user friendly model the details of which is elaborated below.
Details of Mathematical Model for Sound Wave Propagation During Operation For an approximate estimation of dispersion of noise in the ambient from the source point, a standard mathematical model for sound wave propagation is used. The sound pressure level generated by noise sources decreases with increasing distance from the source due to wave divergence. An additional decrease in sound pressure level with distance from the source is expected due to atmospheric effect or its interaction with objects in the transmission path.
For hemispherical sound wave propagation through homogenous loss free medium, one can estimate noise levels at various locations, due to different sources using model based on first principles, as per the following equation:
Lp2 Lp120log( r 2 /r1) (1)
Where Lp2 and Lp1 are Sound Pressure Levels (SPLs) at points located at distances r2 and r1 from the source. The combined effect of all the sources then can be determined at various locations by the following equation.
( Lp1 /10) ( Lp2 /10) ( Lp3 /10) Lp( total) 10Log(10 10 10 ....) (2)
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Where, Lp1, Lp2, Lp3 are noise pressure levels at a point due to different sources.
Based on the above equations an user friendly model has been developed. The details of the model are as follows: Maximum number of sources is limited to 200; Noise levels can be predicted at any distance specified from the source; Model is designed to take topography or flat terrain; Coordinates of the sources in meters; Maximum and Minimum levels are calculated by the model; Output of the model in the form of isopleths; and Environmental attenuation factors and machine corrections have not been incorporated in the model but corrections are made for the measured Leq levels.
Input for the Model The incremental increase in noise levels during the operation phase are predicted using the above described model. The noise sources have been defined with respect to various operations involved in the project. The input data pertaining to corresponding noise level are given in Table-61.
Table 61: Input Data for Noise Modelling Sr. No. Location No. of sources Noise Levels dB(A) 1 Mechanical Rig used for pile work 1 100 to 110 2 Diesel Generators 1 103 to 108
Presentation of Results Noise levels due to Pile activities Noise level due to various sources during pile construction is predicted to be about 50 dB(A) and 40 dB(A) at 500-m and 1.0-km respectively from the source. The background noise levels would increase by 1-3 dBA due to pile construction.
Occupational Health Considerations The damage risk criteria for hearing, as enforced by CPCB and OSHA (Occupational Safety & Health Administration) to reduce hearing loss, stipulates that noise level up to 90 dB(A) are acceptable for eight hours exposure per day. The workers at this Jetty will be provided with ear plugs/ earmuffs to avoid hearing loss.
Community Noise Levels The community noise is determined by recording the day-night noise level (Ldn). Ldn is defined as the 24 hours equivalent sound level derived with a penalty of 10 dB(A) is added to the measured instantaneous noise level measured during night time i.e. from 2200 to 0600 hrs.
The proposed project activities along with vehicular activities will not effect noise environment as background noise levels will increase by 2-3 dBA. To overcome the likely impacts due to noise, the possible abatement measures delineated in Environmental Management Plan should be adopted.
Noise and Vibration One of the major impacts of underwater construction/ pile driving on the marine organisms especially on fishes is the underwater sound pressure waves generated during hammering of the piles. Number of studies conducted elsewhere (limited) indicate that pile driving leads to a condition i.e barotrauma, agitation, startle response and fish behaviour
Mitigation Measures It is suggested to implement the marine environment management plan after implementing the project activites.
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4.3.10 Social Impacts
Oil and oily wastes discharged from ships may reach nearby beaches and spoil recreational activities, which cause serious damage to tourism. Ship traffic may disturb pleasure boat cruising and fishery boat operations. The possibility of accidents in the ship traffic becomes a worry to local people.
Ship calls create many related jobs including pilotage, tug services, stevedoring, bunker and crew services; however, they may bring considerable changes in the life style of local people.
Movement of vessels in the approach channels and outer harbors are often encountered by the fishing nets resulting in mutual losses. It is quite common for the fishing nets getting entangled with the moving vessels, causing huge financial losses to the coastal fishing community.
project activities may result in the hiring of local labour and procurement of various commodities from a local market. The local economy will be boosted by project-related activities and be greatly involved in urbanization and industrialization.
Mitigation Measures The proposed development will be within the tranquil waters protected by natural breakwaters. The discharge of waste materials (stack emission, wastewater and solid wastes) from Jetty activities is expected to be insignificant and may not have potential impact on public safety and health. The adverse impacts on ambient air and soil quality are predicted to be low.
No water borne disease is anticipated since due precautions for treatment and disposal of waste water will be taken.
The requirement of unskilled manpower will be met from nearby villages during construction and operation phase.
The project will also help in generation of indirect employment apart from direct employment. This will be a positive socio-economic development for the region. There will be a general upliftment of standard of living in the region.
Infrastructural facilities The population in surrounding area will get benefited due to infrastructural and community development activities. Further, the proposed project will provide job opportunities.
The proposed project site falls in zone-III as per IS 1893 (Part-I): 2002 seismically stable zone.
4.3.11 Management Plan for Air Environment
As reported in above sections on impact on air environment, the incremental and resultant concentrations of SO2 and Oxides of Nitrogen due to the regular operation of DG sets will 3 3 be within the applicable limits (SO2 <80 µg/m ; NOx <80 µg/m ). Fugitive emissions should be controlled through proper dust suppression system and maintenance; Burning of solids wastes or any other waste will be avoided, unless in appropriate incinerators. Waste oil will be disposed to MSPCB authorised waste oil recyclers; It will be ensured that transport vehicles are covered whenever possible; A greenbelt is recommended to be developed around the project site to attenuate fugitive emissions and as well as to reduce noise levels. The proposed scheme of plantation incorporates selected plant species that are resistant to dust and
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other pollutants. A few sensitive species to act as indicator of pollution are also included in the scheme; Environmental monitoring during operation to ensure maximum efficiency; Refrigeration and air conditioning systems shall be of closed circuit type, well maintained to minimise any fugitive emission of Group-I Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS); and
4.3.12 Noise Environment Management
The following mitigative measures shall be followed: It shall be ensured that the DG sets installed would be provided with an acoustic enclosure to conform to the maximum permissible sound pressure level of 75 dB(A) at 1-m from the enclosure surface; The DG set shall also be provided with proper exhaust muffler to ensure that with the aide of the muffler and the acoustic enclosure, an insertion loss of minimum 25 dB(A) is achieved in order to meet the requirements of The Environment (Protection) second Amendment Rules, 2002; Operators/personnel working near the noise sources at the DG sets will be provided with earmuffs and earplugs; Conduct periodic audiometric tests for employees working close to high noise levels, such as compressors, DG sets, the loading and unloading sections; and The proposed greenbelt will also serve as a noise barrier preventing the carry over of noise to the nearby communities.
Material handling equipment and road traffic are two major sources of noise and vibration, which may cause unacceptable levels of stress among local people.
Types of the noise impact during the operation can be summarized as follows: . • Noise generated by ships entering/leaving the Jetty and lying at berth; . • Noise generated by the loading systems; and . • Noise generated by material transportation by road.
The noise levels at the source for these units will be in the range of 80-90 dB (A).
Impact on Occupational Health The damage risk criteria as enforced by Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) to reduce hearing loss, stipulates that the noise levels upto 90 dB(A) are acceptable for 8-hour working per shift per day.
There is no high noise equipment in the proposed Jetty area, except DG sets. However, impacts on the working personnel are not expected to be significant on account of the high level of automation proposed, which means that workers will be exposed for short duration only that too intermittently. Material handling equipment will generate some noise. However, equipment will be provided with silencers.
Recommendation for Reduction in Noise Levels . Noise level can be reduced by stopping leakages from various steam lines, compressed air lines and other high pressure equipment; . By providing padding at various locations to avoid rattling due to vibration; . By adopting new technologies for control of noise in various units; . Encasement of noise generating equipment where otherwise noise cannot be controlled; . Providing noise proof cabins to operators where remote control for operating noise generating equipment is feasible; . The air compressor, pneumatic valves should be provided with acoustic enclosure; . All the design/installation precautions as specified by the manufacturers with respect to noise control shall be strictly adhered to;
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. High noise generating sources shall be insulated adequately by providing suitable enclosures; . Design and layout of building to minimize transmission of noise, segregation of particular items of plant and to avoid reverberant areas; . Use of lagging with attenuation properties on plant components / installation of sound attenuation panels around the equipment; . Other than the regular maintenance of the various equipment, ear plugs/muffs are recommended for the personnel working close to the noise generating units; . All the openings like covers, partitions shall be designed properly; and . Inlet and outlet mufflers shall be provided which are easy to design and construct.
Noise Control at the Community Level It should be noted that, the incremental noise levels at the Project site boundary will be less than 40 dB(A). The proposed greenbelt in the project will help to attenuate the noise emitted by the various sources in the project area.
4.3.13 Solid Waste Management
Material operations produce wastes such as the remains of bulk material storage, rubbish from unpacking, floating garbage and other wastes from daily activities. Generation of garbage from the offices and township and requires proper disposal.
The total solid waste generated from the propoesd project is about 50 kg/day.
Mitigation Measures
Domestic waste and sludge from the STP will be composted and used as manure. The waste oil is being disposed to the authorized agent only.
4.3.14 Summary of Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation
The summary of anticipated adverse environmental impacts and mitigation measures are given in Table-62.
Table 62: Anticipated Adverse Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Discipline Potential Probable Mitigative Measures Remarks Negative Source Impacts Constructional Impact Water Quality Increase in Loose soil at During monsoon season _ suspended solids construction run off from construction due to soil run-off site site will be routed to a during heavy temporary sedimentation precipitation tank for settlement of suspended solids. Air Quality Increase in dust Leveling Sprinkling of water in the The impact will and NOx activity and construction area and on be low, as the concentration Heavy unpaved roads. Proper main approach vehicular maintenance of vehicles road will be movement will be done. tarred. Noise Increase in noise Construction Equipment will be kept in Workers will be level equipment good condition to keep provided the noise level within 90 necessary dB(A). protective equipment e.g. ear plug, earmuffs.
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Discipline Potential Probable Mitigative Measures Remarks Negative Source Impacts Terrestrial Clearing of Soil enabling Landscaping and Plantation will Ecology Vegetation activities extensive plantation will be done. be done. Marine Disturbance of Development Limit the damage to ecology biota and water of benthos at initial stage, chemistry breakwater The construction structures, materials should be dredging of placed above one channel another by using proper hoisting machineries and should not be dropped on the seafloor. There should not be any sudden increase in flow velocity close to the shore, which will pose danger for the human being and fishing boats.
Project authorities has to make necessary arrangement for continuous dredging. On monitoring the behavior of the coastal Regular processes, a suitable monitoring of shore/ Canal mouth the turbidity protection system can and sediment be evaluated for future. concentration may be carried The controlled method by water of dredging may be sampling carried out confined to only Jetty area. The dredge disposal during maintenance dredging may be done at offshore or at the eroding segment of coastline for beach nourishment. The turbidity induced during the dredging can be minimized by controlled dredging techniques using appropriate bucket/cutter suction dredgers. The net enclosures with booms may be placed around the dredging area in order to control the spread of the turbid plume.
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Discipline Potential Probable Mitigative Measures Remarks Negative Source Impacts Socio- Land oustees Land No R&R issues are economics Acquisition involved in the proposed project. --
Operational Impact Water Quality Deterioration of Discharge Adequate treatment The plant surface water from various facilities will be provided effluent after quality units so that the treated treatment will effluents conform to the be reused to regulatory standards. maximum Further, all waste water possible extent will be utilized in various and will be used activities such as green for horticulture belt and dust and greenbelt suppression systems. development. No discharge is envisaged into any surface river water bodies; hence, no impact is envisaged on surface river water quality. Ecology a. Terrestrial Impact on plant Emissions Emission will be As Ambient air species from port. controlled as well as quality will be dispersed through within limits, no appropriate design. active injury to the vegetation is expected. b. Aquatic Impact on water Treated The wastewater will be Effluents will be bodies waste water provided with adequate treated to from Jetty treatment, and will be conform to operations used for Horticulture prescribed purposes. limits, no significant impact on aquatic life is expected Noise Increase in noise Equipment Equipment will be Employees levels in the Jetty and designed to conform to working in high area. auxiliaries. noise levels prescribed noise areas by regulatory agencies. would be Provision of green belt provided and plantation would earplugs/ further help in earmuffs as attenuating noise. protective device. Demography Strain on existing Influx of Local population will be Overall socio- and Socio- amenities like people of given preference in economic economics housing, water proposed awarding work. No status of the sources and Jetty significant impact is area is sanitation, employees envisaged. Additional
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Discipline Potential Probable Mitigative Measures Remarks Negative Source Impacts medical and as well as facilities will be expected to infrastructure contractor's developed by the project improve. facilities. employees/ proponents with laborers. mechanized facilities thus reducing the need for manpower.
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5.0 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES
5.1 Analysis of Alternative Project Site Location
The site for the proposed project follows the site evaluation criterion delineated by MoEF. The alternative sites considered for the proposed project were given below in Table 63. The location maps showing the alternate sites are given in Figures 53, 54 and 55.
Table 63: Details of Alternate Project Locations Parameters Site -1 Site -2 Site-3 Location/ Details Nate Village Ganeshgule Alewadi near Dahanu District Ratnagiri Ratnagiri Thane Land use of site Waste land / barren Village and Chikoo orchard and without any cultivation barren land other trees or any other usage. Habitations in Nil Habitation Habitation present project site present Road Connectivity Coastal highway is About 20 kms. About 25 kms. very near at a distance of about 6 -7 kms Rail Connectivity Rajapur station is at a > 50 kms >70 kms distance of 30 kms. Water bodies No River or lake near No River or Alewade lake at t 45 by. lake near by kms Eco-sensitive Western Ghat Eco No No zones sensitive zone is about 5 km away from the site. Land Availability 100 Ha in Phase I. Very less back Very less back up Ultimate land requirem up land is land is available. ent is 428.515 Ha. for available. the development of Port. Defense Nil Nil Nil installationport Seismic Zone Zone III Zone III Zone III Flood plain of Not in any flood plain. Not in any flood Flood Plain of Riverine system Site elevation 35 mts plain. Alewadi lake. Archeological site, Hilly area Hilly area Hilly area Scenic areas, hill resorts, mountain, hills, areas of Scientific and geological interest Hilly area Remarks Site proposed is Sufficient land Sufficient land is not preferred location is not available available because no Problems with Problems with land resettlement, no tree land acquisition acquisition because cutting, and deep water No road Chikoo orchard. is available draft connectivity dredging is not required.
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5.2 Locational Advantages
The principal drivers for the proposed projects near Nate village are: . The site has tangible Oceanographic advantages & Tranquil area for smooth Operations . Well connected by Road and Rail . Deep water located within 2-3 Km from the shore thereby reducing dredging. . Site consist of barren land and no plantation . No settlement and no rehabilitation required. . No industry is located within 25 kms from the proposed project site. . Located near to Kolhapur (Sangli & Satara) sugar and industrial corridor and the nearest port interface to Ratnagiri, Kolhapur & Belgaum belts and further up to Sholapur and Karim nagar . Significant cargo movement potential both agri & industrial products
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Chapter-5: Analysis of Alternative Sites
Figure 53 : Site 1
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Chapter-5: Analysis of Alternative Sites
Figure 54 : Site 2
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Chapter-5: Analysis of Alternative Sites
Figure 55 : Site - 3
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6.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME
6.1 Implementation Schedule of Mitigation Measures
The mitigation measures suggested in Chapter-4 shall be implemented so as to reduce the impact on environment due to the operations of the proposed project. In order to facilitate easy implementation of mitigation measures, the priority of implementation is given in Table 64.
Table 64: Implementation Schedule Sr. No. Recommendations Time Requirement Schedule 1 Air pollution control Before commissioning of Port Immediate measures activities 2 Water pollution control Before commissioning of the Immediate measures port activities 3 Noise control measures Along with the commissioning Immediate of the Jetty activities 4 Ecological preservation and Stage wise implementation Immediate & up gradation Progressive
The details of environmental monitoring programme are given in subsequent section:
6.2 Environmental Monitoring Program for Jetty Activities
An environmental monitoring programme is formulated and implemented to conform to the statutory requirements of Maharastra State Pollution Control Board (MPPCB) and Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF). The environmental management group of I Log Jetty co-ordinates all monitoring programs at site and data thus generated will be regularly furnished to the regulatory agencies. Monitoring will be outsourced to recognized laboratory.
6.2.1 Ambient Air Quality (AAQ)
Ambient air quality will be monitored at three locations. These locations shall be finalized in consultation with state pollution control board. The parameters and frequency of monitoring are given in Table 65.
Table 65: Monitoring Schedule Sr.No. Particulars Monitoring Duration of Important Frequency Sampling Monitoring Parameters 1 Air Pollution and Meteorology Air Quality A Ambient Air Quality Monitoring 5 Locations to be Monthly 24 hr PM10, PM2.5, approved by SPCB continuously, SO2, NOx CO and twice a week HC B Port Air Quality Monitoring 4-5 locations Twice in a 24 hr PM10, PM2.5, 1. Near Cargo month continuously SO2, NOx CO and Handling area HC 2. Security C Fugitive Dust Fugitive dust along 10 4 hr PM10, PM2.5 the road locations
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Sr.No. Particulars Monitoring Duration of Important Frequency Sampling Monitoring Parameters 2 Water and Wastewater Quality A Marine Water Quality 1 4-5 locations - Monthly Grab DO, BOD, Oil & Marine water (Low sampling Grease, Nitrate, Tide/High Tide) Nitrite, Sulphate, Phosphate, Chloride, Coliform count, Iron, Manganese, Cadmium, Chromium, Mercury, Zinc Primary Productivity, Chlorophyll a, Chlorophyll b, Phytoplankton, Zooplankton B Water quality in the study area 1) Ground Water Monthly As per the parameters 4 locations Grab specified under IS:10500 2 Sediment analysis Quarterly Grab pH, Organic 4-5 locations sampling matter, Nitrate, Micro Macro Phosphate, Oil & Benthos Grease, Total Coliforms, Faecal Coliforms 3 Biological analysis in Quarterly Grab Primary Marine water and sampling Productivity, sediments Chlorophyll a, Chlorophyll b, Phytoplankton, Zooplankton 3 Noise Levels Industrial Noise Levels 1 10 locations- Monthly 24 hr Noise level in 1. Cargo handling continuous dB(A) area with 1 hr 2. Security interval Ambient Noise Levels 6 Location Monthly 24 hr Noise levels in continuous dB(A) with one hr interval 4 Ecology 5 Locations Once a Vegetation year diversity Biodiversity with high resolution satellite imagery
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Sr.No. Particulars Monitoring Duration of Important Frequency Sampling Monitoring Parameters 5 Occupational Health General Health Once a Spyrometry, Checkups year audiometry, X-Ray Chest , Dental
Proactive health Once a BP, ECG, Blood checkup year Sugar
6.2.2 Water Quality
Ground Water Quality Monitoring Ground water sampling has to be done monthly at two locations.
Marine Water and Sediment Quality Monitoring Marine water sampling has to be done monthly at two locations.
6.2.3 Noise Levels
Industrial Noise Levels Industrial noise level has to be done fortnightly at two locations.
Ambient Noise Levels Ambient noise level to be monitored fortnightly at two locations.
6.3 Environmental Monitoring Program
Proper environmental monitoring is a key tool to achieve the objectives of environmental protection. The monitoring program has been chalked out for those issues that are likely to cause environmental impacts.
6.3.1 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring (AAQM)
As described earlier air quality will be monitored at three locations in and around the port. Other conditions with reference to ambient air quality as stipulated in the consent conditions of PCB and Environmental Clearance from MoEF will also be monitored.
6.3.2 Surface Water Quality Monitoring
As described earlier marine water and sediment quality monitoring and ground water quality will be monitored at two locations in and around the port. The analysis of physico- chemical and bacteriological parameters will be done on a monthly basis. The parameters and frequency of monitoring will be as per stipulation of State Pollution Control Board and Environment Clearance from Ministry of Environment and Forests.
6.3.3 Noise Level Monitoring
As described earlier noise levels should be monitored at three locations in and around the port. Other conditions with reference to noise level quality as stipulated in the consent conditions of PCB and Environmental Clearance from MoEF will also be monitored.
6.4 Monitoring Equipment and Consumables
Recognized agencies with NABL & MOEF recognition will be engaged for carrying out the
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above stated monitoring works.
6.4.1 Environmental Monitoring Cell
A centralized environmental monitoring cell will be established for monitoring of important and crucial environmental parameters which are of immense importance to assess the status of environment during Jetty operation.
Expenditure of Environmental Measures . Capital Cost of the project including the ILPPL unit is estimated at Rs.135 Crores. . Cost of environmental Protection measures will be Rs. 2 Crores.
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7.0 ADDITIONAL STUDIES
7.1 Hazardous Materials Management Plan and Disaster Management Plan (DMP)
M/s Ilog Ports Private Limited (ILPPL) proposes to develop a green-field Jetty near Nate Village, Rajapur Taluka, Ratnagiri District, Maharastra State. The cargo proposed to be handled at ILPPL is mostly non-hazardous in nature. However, to meet any eventuality and to combat hazards or disasters from Jetty operations, a Hazardous Materials Management Plan and Disaster Management Plan (DMP) is a pre-requisite. In order to manage potential hazards and disasters effectively and minimise damage, an onsite emergency plan approach has been adopted and details are presented in this Chapter.
7.1.1 Definition
A major emergency is one, which has the potential to cause serious injury or loss of life. It may cause extensive damage to property and serious disruption, both inside and outside the Port premises, if not managed. It would require the assistance of outside emergency service agencies to handle it effectively. Although, the emergency may be caused by a number of different factors, e.g. system failure, human error, earthquake, vessel collision or sabotage, it will normally manifest itself in the form of fire, explosion or material release.
ILPPL with complete liaison and co-ordination with outside agencies will work to minimise and manage the effect of disaster / emergency. The major function of the plan is to formulate a procedure for: . Controlling accidental events with minimum damage to men, material and machine . Rescuing victims and treating them suitably . Identifying the persons affected . Informing relatives of the casualties . Providing authentic information to news media and others . Preserving relevant records and equipment needed as evidence in any subsequent enquiry . Rehabilitating the affected area.
The plan also delegates specific assignments to available manpower within or outside the Port premises in exigencies with a view to avoid over-lapping of activities between various groups.
7.1.2 Scope
The aim of hazard control and disaster management is concerned with preventing accidents through good design, operation, maintenance and inspection. In this way, it is possible to reduce the risk of accidents, but it may not be possible to fully eliminate them. Since absolute safety is not achievable, an essential part of major hazard control must also include minimising the effects of a major accident.
An important element of mitigation is emergency planning i.e. recognising that accidents are possible, identifying the types of accidents which may occur, assessing the consequences of such accidents and deciding on the emergency procedures, both on-site and off-site, that would need to be implemented in the event of specific type of emergency.
Emergency planning is just one aspect of safety and cannot be considered in isolation. In particular, it is not a substitute for maintaining good standards within Jetty operations. Before starting to prepare the plan, Jetty Management should ensure that the necessary basic standards and safety precautions are administered.
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Emergency plans are likely to be separate for on-site and off-site, but they must be consistent with each other i.e. they must be related to the same assessed emergency conditions. The on-site plan is called Hazardous Materials Management Plan / Disaster Management Plan (DMP) and the off-site plan is called Emergency Preparedness Plan (EPP).
7.1.3 Objectives
The overall objectives of an emergency plan are: . to have advance planning, for each possible emergency scenario, to combat and minimise the adverse effect . to know initial actions to be taken like warnings, evacuation of surrounding personnel, etc. . to rescue, provide relief and assist affected people . to localise the emergency and, if possible, eliminate it; and . to minimise the overall and long term effects of the accident on people and property.
Elimination of hazards will require prompt action by operators and emergency staff using fire fighting equipment, Emergency Shut Down Systems and water sprays. Minimising the effects will include rescue, first-aid, evacuation, rehabilitation and giving information promptly to people living nearby.
7.1.3.1 Identification of Hazards
This stage is crucial for both on-site and off-site emergency planning and requires to systematically identify the potential emergencies at the port. These could range from small events, which can be dealt with by Jetty personnel without outside help to the largest event conceived in the Jetty to have a plan. Experience has shown that for every occasion that the full potential of an accident is realised, there are many occasions when some less severe event occurs or when a developing incident is mitigated before reaching full potential.
Most major accidents of the Jetty fall within one of the following categories: . Impact of Jetty bound shipping operations on the surrounding marine structures. . Grounding of Jetty bound vessels . Collision of vessels . Fire or explosion.
7.1.3.2 Assessment of Hazards
The assessment of potential incidents should include: . the worst events considered . likely other failure cases . the relative likelihood of occurrence of events and . the consequences of each event.
7.1.4 Hazardous Materials Management
Out of the various types of cargo which will be handled at ILPPL some of the cargo are hazardous in nature such as LPG, LNG, Liquid Cargo etc
The following sections present a broad hazardous materials management plan, which would be considered during the operation phase of the Ilog Port, in order to negate the risks due to the storage and handling of the materials. The attributes are: . Screening of the materials
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. Hazardous materials management program . Community involvement and awareness.
Table 66: Cargo Storage Facilities S.No Type of Number Tanks Capacity of Total storage Storage Tank capacity 1 LNG 2 135000 m3 270000 M 3 LPG 2 10000 m3 20000 m3 2 Liquid 15 5000L 75000 KL 15 3000L 45000 KL 20 1500L 30000 KL Total 150000KL 3 Dry Cargo Open Storage
Figure 56 : Layout Plan With Cargo Storage Facility
7.1.4.1 Screening of the Materials
This is the first step in the hazardous materials management program. The screening will involve formulating hazardous materials table, which include substance code, threshold quantity, class, description, etc. to produce a summary with the following information: . Material quantities (Daily/Weekly/Monthly) . Characteristics . Hazard level (low to high) . Threshold quantity.
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7.2 Quantitative Risk Assessment
Risk analysis study was conducted for ILPPL Facilities for handling LNG and LPG. Other Liquid cargo and coal are less hazardous than LNG and LPG so these two are modeleled using ALOHA software for finding the damage distances. Conducting a Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) will be important in the management of risk, as the hazardous materials being handled. Risk Assessment study was undertaken to address the hazards and risks associated with tanks of ILPPL project as per requirement of MoEF&CC.
The goal of risk assessment is to estimate the risk to personal, property and public in and around the tank farms of ILPPL project from the unlikely event of leaks and/or rupture during operation. In addition, results of such studies provide help in improvement of safety by recommending measures to risk to the extent possible. This section outlines the Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) Report. The Tank farms considered for QRA is given in Table 67.
Table 67 : Scenarios Considered for QRA Study SNo Materials Stored Operating Temp oC No. of tanks Volume of each tank 1 LNG -170 2 135000 m3 2 LPG Ambient 2 10000 m3
7.2.1 Objective of QRA Study
The objective of the QRA study is to identify and assess the hazards associated with tank farms of ILPPL Project in accordance with the following steps: Identify accident events. Determine the consequence of events; Determine the frequency of hazardous releases from process piping, equipment etc. Determine the risk to facility personnel and surrounding population from such releases; Determine the risk to environment; Determine the Residual Individual and Societal Risk. Verify whether the assessed risks are acceptable on the basis of international risk criteria and, when needed, suggest risk reduction measures.
7.2.2 Scope of Work
Quantitative Risk Analysis is undertaken to identify and assess the hazards associated with the project and to demonstrate that the residual risk levels are acceptable or As Low As Reasonably Practicable (ALARP). Scope includes also the following:
Identify key hazard initiating events associated with tank farms of ILPPL Project based on the Project document review;
Model and appraise the consequence & risk associated with all flammable hazards resulting from potential loss of containment accident scenarios;
Perform a risk assessment to confirm that risk can be reduced consistent with the ALARP principle and
Recommend risk reducing measures to ensure that all risks are As Low As Reasonably Practicable (ALARP).
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7.2.3 Consequence Analysis
Consequence analysis computes the consequence impacts in terms of damage distances due to heat radiation, vapour cloud explosion etc. A list of probable or potential accidents in the facility arising due to use and handling of the hazardous materials is examined to establish their credibility. Depending upon the effective hazardous attributes and their impact on the event, the maximum effect on the surrounding environment and the respective damage caused can be assessed. The plant layouts considered for modelling are provided in Figures 56 . The analysis is based on output from ALOHA.
7.2.4 Major Credible Accident Hazard Identification
Scenarios have been examined considering release aboveground in the bund area. The major hazards events are identified. The Table 68 defines the various identified scenarios and process conditions.
Table 68 : Identified Scenarios and Process Conditions Operating Operating Scenario. Scenario Release Outcome Pressure, Temperature No Description Phase scenarios bar oC Flash fire, LNG leakage Liquid & Jet Fire S1 0.29 -170 from Tank Gas Vapour Cloud Explosion Toxic, LPG leakage Liquid & Jet fire, S2 Atmospheric Atmospheric from Tank Gas Vapour Cloud Explosion
7.2.5 Consequence Modelling
The consequence modelling has been done using Tank model considering process parameters, material composition. The release direction is considered horizontal for storage tanks.
Overview All the scenarios are modelled using the initial (peak) flow rate of the release which is appropriate for immediate fatalities. All the scenarios are modelled as outdoors releases. Modelling of the following is detailed in this section. Toxic Flash fires; Pool Fire Vapour Cloud Explosion BLEVE;
Release Hole Size Component failures are the initiating events for hazards and accidents. Failures could be in the form of small gasket leak in a flange joint or failure of a pipeline or even rupture / catastrophic failure of equipment.
Major failure modes associated with different operational areas in a facility are for example; pipeline small/ large leaks and ruptures, failure of weld joints / tie-in connections etc, valve gland leakages, leaks from flanges, compressors and other process equipment (due to rupture etc).
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Wind Characteristics Wind characteristics, both direction and speed, impact the gas dispersion calculations influencing impact contours for flash fires and the gas volumes used in the explosion analysis. The wind does not influence jet fire impact contour apart from for vertical jet fires. Horizontal jet fires are not impacted by wind speed however their impact directions are equally distributed in the wind directions assumed in the analysis.
Ambient Conditions Weather data considered for ILPPL Plant, including wind speeds, wind directions and Pasquill stability classes. This data was categorised into bins according to wind direction, wind speed and atmospheric stability class. Wind speeds in the range 0.0-3.6m/s were designated as 1.3m/s, stability class F.
Toxic Toxicity is provided in terms of AEGL. Acute exposure guideline levels (AEGLs) describe the human health effects from once-in-a-lifetime, or rare, exposure to airborne chemicals. Used by emergency responders when dealing with chemical spills or other catastrophic exposures, AEGLs are set through a collaborative effort of the public and private sectors worldwide. AEGL “levels” are dictated by the severity of the toxic effects caused by the exposure, with Level 1 being the least and Level 3 being the most severe.
All levels are expressed as parts per million or milligrams per cubic meter (ppm or mg/m3) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population could experience, including susceptible individuals:
Level 1: Notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic non-sensory effects. However, the effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure. Level 2: Irreversible or other serious, long-lasting adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape. Level 3: Life-threatening health effects or death.
Protective action criteria (PACs) are emergency exposure guidelines that are used before or during the unplanned release of a hazardous chemical in the air. The guidelines are intended to protect the general public, including susceptible individuals such as infants, the elderly, and those with illnesses, from health effects resulting from a rare one-time exposure to a chemical. PACs are used prior to emergencies to estimate the toxic severity of potential accident scenarios (hazard analysis or consequence analysis), or during chemical emergencies to identify potential zones of impact (threat zones) and populations that may be at risk.
There are three levels of PAC value (1 to 3) where each successive value is associated with an increasingly severe effect from a higher level of exposure. Each level is defined as follows: PAC-1 : Mild, transient health effects. PAC-2 : Irreversible or other serious health effects that could impair the ability to take action. PAC-3 : Life-threatening health effects.[1]
Flash Fire The extent of a flash fire is defined by the UDM Dispersion modelling. Flash Fire envelopes are defined by the dispersion down to lower Exposure limit, LEL, and 60% LEL. 100% fatalities are assumed within the 60% LEL contour. The flash fires are assumed to occur with delayed ignition, when the overpressure is not significant.
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LEL: usually expressed in volume percent is the lower end of the concentration range of a flammable solvent at a given temperature and pressure for which air/vapour mixtures can ignite.
A flammable gas cloud will tend to form downwind from the release. Most small releases will rapidly disperse and will not ignite. There is unlikely to be an ignition source within range of such a release, because it would normally be in a Zone 1 or Zone 2 rated hazardous area. However, large releases in relatively calm conditions could result in the formation of a large flammable gas cloud that could eventually reach an ignition source located in a non-hazardous rated area. The ensuing fire would then tend to flash back to the source of the leak, resulting in a flash fire followed by a jet fire or pool fire. Flash fire scenarios are more likely in open areas with little or no potential for confinement.
The size of the flash fire depends on the size of the flammable gas cloud that has accumulated prior to ignition, which is influenced by the properties of the gas and the prevailing environmental conditions. The size of this cloud is predicted using gas dispersion computer modelling techniques for the Lower Exposure Limit (LEL) concentration of the flammable gas cloud, and for conservative reasons, half the LEL concentration. If the vapour cloud is unconfined and is less dense than air then it will disperse upwards.
Pool Fire A pool of liquid is left in the container or bund and catches fire is called pool fire scenario. As the LNG and LPG are stored in liquid state there will be chances for a pool fire scenario to happen and cause thermal radiation.
Vapour Cloud Explosion In case of a sudden loss of containment of large amount of natural gas from the pipeline, there is a chance of VCE scenario. This occurs when the gas catches ignition source and the burning “inferno” is rapidly fed by the mass from the containment of the vessel. Though the fireball scenario last for a very short while, it will nevertheless release a very high quantity of heat radiation resulting in damage of equipment and impact on the personnel. The phenomenon is treated as a large jet fire case and the impact is measured in kw/m2.
BLEVE BLEVE is Boiling Liquid Evaporation Vapour Explosion. If the LPG or LNG doesn’t catch fire immediately and carried away to certain distance with the winds and finds an ignition source then it causes BLEVE.
Ignition Sources Electrical equipment and cables can act as sources of ignition if sparks will be generated at contact points or where wires overheat. Most electrical equipment on the facility will be certified for use in hazardous areas. However, typical non-certified items could include:
Portable electrical and welding equipment connected to small power sockets and welding outlets (the outlets themselves will be certified);
Non-certified equipment located in non-hazardous areas (e.g. the cranes, emergency generator, air compressors, chillers, etc); and
Non-certified equipment located within the control or equipment rooms (e.g. emergency generator, firewater pumps).
In general, all electrical equipment will be automatically isolated upon detection of gas in the vicinity or in the ventilation intakes in the case of enclosed areas. However, there is always a delay due to the response time of the gas detectors. Battery powered emergency lighting will remain operational.
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Static Electricity – static electricity can build up on any unearthed equipment and generate sparks. Static is commonly found on vehicles, vessels handling particulate solids and manned areas with unearthed floors.
Hot Surfaces – un-lagged surfaces (e.g. exhausts) on hot equipment can act as sources of ignition to oil releases.
Naked Flames – all naked flames (including cigarettes) are potential sources of ignition; this category also includes welding, flame-cutting equipment and other hot work, existing fires and flares.
Friction – equipment with moving parts in contact can generate heat through friction if not properly lubricated. This includes all rotating equipment and cold cutting devices such as drills, lathes and saws.
Impact – impact between hard surfaces, particularly metal on metal contact, can generate sparks. Potential impacts include dropped objects, hand tools, ladders and boat impact.
Auto-ignition – some chemicals can spontaneously ignite if exposed to air while oxidising agents, such as oxygen gas and peroxides, can cause flammable materials to ignite at ambient temperatures. Auto-ignition can occur upon the release of highly volatile gases such as hydrogen and acetylene, whose composition is such that a reverse Joule- Thompson effect occurs on their release that provides sufficient energy to ignite the escaping gas. However, auto-ignition is not applicable to process hydrocarbons.
Delayed Ignition The consequences of ignition depend partly on the ignition delay from the time of the release. Flash fire and vapour cloud explosion scenario will take place in case of delayed ignition.
Immediate Ignition Immediate ignition is usually caused by the incident causing the release. Examples include hot work, overheated bearings causing seal failure, impacts that generate sparks and rupture releases where friction or rupture energy can result in ignition. Immediate ignition prevents personnel escaping before the fire occurs. It also occurs prior to the build-up of a large flammable gas cloud and jet fire shall take place in case of immediate ignition.
Impact Criteria
Thermal Radiation Following thermal radiation levels, are proposed to be set as thresholds
Table 69 : Impact Criteria for Radiation Radiation Damage to People KW/m2 4.0 Will cause pain in 15 to 20 seconds and injury after 30 seconds exposure 12.5 30% Fatality in 30 sec. First degree burns in ten sec. 37.5 100 % Fatality.
Flash Fire A 100% fatality level has been assumed for persons within the 0.6LEL radius of the flash fire, and none outside this radius. This is conservative compared with guidance provided in OGP report 14.1, Ref [18 &11] which suggest the LEL level for 100% fatality.
Explosion Overpressure Following explosion overpressure levels, are proposed to be set as thresholds.
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Table 70 : Impact Criteria for Overpressure Peak Over Pressure Type of Damage (bars)8.0 Destruction of Building 3.5 Serious Injury Likely 1 Shatter Glasses
Ignition Probability
Release probability The ignition probabilities are based on ignition probability data published by OGP Report, March 2010. The reference provides a curve that provides a relationship between the total ignition probability and the release rate in kg/s. As a conservative estimate average ignition probability has been considered for calculation. The breakdown between immediate and delayed ignitions has been assumed which suggests that 30% of ignitions will be immediate and 70% delayed. The same had been defined in Assumption Register. Delayed Ignition Probability = Ignition Probability × 0.70 Immediate Ignition Probability = Ignition Probability × (1- 0.70)
Leak Detection and Isolation time The closing (isolation) time of the systems is based on the following considerations: The closing time for an automatic blocking system is based on a fully automated gas detection system. The closing time of 2 min consists of: 30 s for the gas to reach the detector; 30 s for the closing signal from the detector to reach the closing valve; 1 min to close the valves.
The closing time for a remote controlled blocking system is based on an automated gas detection system. The closing time of 10 min consists of: 30 s for the gas to reach the detector; 30 s for the alert signal from the detector to reach the control room; 7 min to validate the signal 2 min to close the valves.
The closing time for a hand-operated blocking system is based on automated gas detection system. The closing time of 30 min consists of: 30 sec for the gas to reach the detector; 30 sec for the alert signal from the detector to reach the control room; 7 min to validate the signal; 15 min for the operator to go to the blocking valve and to make use of personal protective equipment; 7 min to remove the security locks and to close the valves.
This is the conservative approach considered for assessment rather than the actual to study worst case effects (Purple book).
The isolation time depends upon the availability of ESDV in the identified scenario loop. If ESDV present in the hazardous scenario, assumption of 2 minute isolation time and if ESDV not present then 10 minute isolation time is considered
Dispersion The material considered in the study is LNG / Methane and LPG / Butane. Severity of the consequences arising out of loss of containment scenarios depends on the dispersion of the vapour cloud that is arising out these failures. The molecular weight of Methane is 16.0428 gm/gmole. This value is lower than atmospheric air at the ground, which are typically about 29 gm/gmole. Therefore, there will be a natural tendency for this gas to go higher up. In case of a vertical release, because of the difference in operating pressure
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and ambient pressure, there release will aided by the jet velocity and rises rapidly higher above the ground leaving the facilities and personnel less exposed as compared to a horizontal release, where the jet velocity forces the gas to move horizontally before it starts to rise high due to buoyancy. As a result, worst case scenario i.e. horizontal release is considered. For LPG heavy gas is considered with Horizontal release.
Figure 57 : Causes of Accidents in Tank Farms
7.2.6 Results
The results of the consequence analysis are summarised in Table 71, in terms of the maximum hazard downwind distance. For vertical jet fires, the distances shown are radiation limits at 1m above ground.
Table 71 : Results Section Hazard Effects End point criteria Hazard Extent (m) PAC-3 400000ppm 148 Toxic Release PAC-2 230000ppm 258 PAC-1 65000ppm 888 LEL 50000ppm 1800 Flash fire 0.6 LEL 30000ppm 2500 S1 - LNG 0.1 LEL 5000ppm 6700 leakage from Jet Fire 37.5kw/m2 10 Tanks 12.5kw/m2 60 4kw/m2 143 8.0 psi NR VCE 3.5 psi NR 1.0 psi 2000 S2 - LPG Toxic Release AEGL-3 33000ppm 284 leakage from AEGL -2 17000ppm 411 Tanks AEGL -1 5500ppm 669 Jet fire 37.5kw/m2 10 12.5kw/m2 97 4kw/m2 213 Flash Fire LEL 21000ppm 369
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Section Hazard Effects End point criteria Hazard Extent (m) 0.6 LEL 12600ppm 472 0.1 LEL 2100ppm 963 VCE 8.0 psi NR 3.5 psi 398 1.0 psi 486
Figure 58 : Toxic Release for LNG Tanks
Figure 59 : Flash Fire LNG Tanks
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Figure 60 : Jet Fire LNG Tanks
Figure 61 : VCE LNG Tanks
Figure 62 : Toxic Release For LPG Tanks
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Figure 63 : Jet Fire LPG Tanks
Figure 64 : Flash Fire LPG Tanks
Figure 65 : VCE LPG Tanks
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7.2.7 Risk Evaluation
7.2.7.1 Risk Criteria
Risk criteria are standards used to translate numerical risk estimates (e.g. 10-6 per year) as produced by a risk analysis into value judgements (e.g. ‘negligible risk’) that can be set against other value judgements (e.g. ‘high economic benefits’) in a decision-making process. Risk criteria comprise the technical aspect of the decision making process.
There have been several interpretations of the terminology of risk criteria, in which the terms ‘acceptable’ and ‘tolerable’ are often used. Sometimes these are used interchangeably. Sometimes ‘acceptable’ risks are considered to be lower than ‘tolerable’ ones (HSE 1992b).
Table 72 : Annual Frequency for Ship Accidents For LNG & LPG 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 LNG Ships 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 3.74E-02 1.56E-02 2.03E-02 LPG Ships 6.97E-03 1.32E-02 1.57E-03 7.56E-03 2.02E-02 1.54E-02 2.21E-02 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 LNG Ships 1.15E-02 9.96E-03 7.78E-03 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 LPG Ships 2.09E-02 2.54E-02 6.61E-03 6.97E-03 1.32E-02 1.57E-03 ://www.researchgate.net/publication/294719110_Statistical_analysis_of_ship_accidents_ and_review_of_safety_level
Based on the above scenario of ship accidents for LNG and LPG Ships per annum the probability of ship docked for unloading in the ILPPL Premises will be only for two days in a month. So the frequency of accident will be very less and unlikely due to the safety measures taken
Figure 66 : Fish Bone Indicating Accident Prevention
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7.2.7.2 Individual Risk Criteria
Individual risk is the risk that an individual remaining at a particular spot would face from the facility. The calculation of individual risk at a geographical location in and around a facility assumes that the contributions of all incident outcome cases are additive. Thus, the total individual risk at each point is equal to the sum of the individual risks, at that point, of all incident outcome cases associated with the plant.
The individual risk value is a frequency of fatality, usually chances per million per year, and it is displayed as a two-dimensional plot over a locality plan as contours of equal risk in the form of iso-risk contours.
For the purpose of effective risk assessment, it is necessary to have established criteria for tolerable risk. The risk tolerability criteria defined by standards is used for risk assessment. The individual risk criteria as per standard are as follows.
Intolerable Risk Region: If the summed individual risk of fatality is greater than 1 in 10,000 per year (IRPA 1.0e-04/year for onsite) and 1 in 1, 00,000 per year (1.0e-05/year offsite) then the risk is deemed intolerable and fundamental improvements are needed. Under exceptional circumstances operations may be considered or continued for a limited duration only, provided that no practicable alternative solutions exist and the workforce is fully informed.
ALARP Region: if the summed individual risk of fatality lies between (1 in 10,000 per year (onsite), 1 in 1,00,000 per year (offsite) and above 1 in 1,000,000 per year (IRPA 1.0e- 04/yr > 1.0e-06/yr), then remedial measures need to be implemented to reduce the risk to a level that is ALARP. The expenditure considered reasonably practicable to achieve the necessary risk reduction will depend on the level of initial risk, the risk reduction that would be achieved and the cost of achieving the reduction (This process is known as Cost Benefit Analysis).
Risk to Risk to Personnel Public Intolerable Risk 10-4 per year
10-5 per year Risk Tolerable if ALARP
10-6 per year 10-6 per year
Broadly Acceptable
Figure 67 : Individual Risk Criteria
Negligible Risk Region: A summed individual risk of fatality below 1 in 10, 00,000 per year (e.g. IRPA 9.9e-07/yr) is negligible and deemed acceptable. No additional measures other than applying best practice and maintaining normal precautions are considered necessary,
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bearing in mind the requirement to reduce all risks to ALARP and to continually investigate areas for improvement
The ALARP triangle as per HSE UK Standard is presented below in Figure 67. A region of 1E-04 and 1E-06 represents the ALARP region. This should be subject to a risk reduction exercise to demonstrate that the ALARP position has been achieved for the project.
7.2.7.3 Societal Risk (or Group Risk) Criteria
Societal Risk parameter considers the number of people who might be affected by hazardous incidents. Societal risk is represented as an F-N (frequency-number) curve, which is a logarithmic plot of cumulative frequency (F) at which events with N or more fatalities may occur, against N.
Societal risk criteria indicate reduced tolerance to events involving multiple fatalities. For example a hazard may have an acceptable level of risk for one fatality, but may be at an unacceptable level for 10 fatalities.
7.2.7.4 Risk Results
The results of a QRA are the Individual Risk Contours and the Societal Risk graphs. The Individual Risk represents the frequency of an individual dying due to loss of containment events (LOCs). The individual is assumed to be unprotected and to be present during the total exposure time. The Individual Risk is presented as contour lines on a topographic map.
The Societal Risk represents the frequency of having an accident with N or more people being killed simultaneously. The people involved are assumed to have some means of protection. The Societal Risk is presented as an F-N curve, where N is the number of deaths and F the cumulative frequency of accidents with N or more deaths.
Nearby Habitation is Ambolghad at a distance of 1.5 km from the tank farm. The Lower exposure limit due to the LNG Tank flash fire reaches 6.7 kms. The occurrence of this is very rare due to the mitigation measures followed
7.2.7.5 Recommendations
From the study, it is evident that the risk associated with the facility is in the ALARP for the proposed set-up. Should there be any deviation from the design intent, this study will not be holding good. The following are some salient outcomes of this study:
The risk level is estimated considering the worst case scenarios for the provided operating conditions. It should be ensured that there would be no deviation* from the operating conditions that were considered for the QRA
Ignition control and permit to work inside the facility should be followed. This ignition control contributes to low risk level in the facility
*Note: Deviation from process parameters can mean operating at higher or lower operating condition compared to the design intent. This can have increase or decrease the risk associated with the facility. For example, there will be a reduction of risk if the operating pressure is reduced. On the contrary, if the pressure is increased, there will be higher release rates from the equipments resulting in higher impacts. In this case, “deviation” meant change in the process parameter that causes the risk to increase.
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7.2.7.6 Hazardous Materials Management Program
The hazardous materials management program is a comprehensive system that sets out written policies and procedures to implement the program, assigns responsibilities for implementing the program and provides training, monitoring, recording and performance of the system. Also, it provides a system for periodic evaluation such as compliance audits in meeting the objective of the program.
The components of the program are: . Management actions . Preventive measures . Emergency Preparedness and Response Plan.
7.3 Formulation of DMP
7.3.1 Formulation of DMP and Emergency Services
The assessment of the risks and hazards lead either to improvements being made at the installation in the form, for example, of additional safeguards or better procedures, or the decision being taken that the risk is sufficiently small to be accepted.
The DMP must be related to the final assessment and it is the responsibility of the Jetty ILPPL Management to formulate it. The plan will be a comprehensive document including the following elements: . Assessment of the magnitude and nature of the events foreseen and the probability of their occurrence . Formulation of the plan and liaison with outside authorities, including the emergency services . Procedures for . Raising the alarm . Communication both within and outside the port . Appointment of key personnel and their duties and responsibilities (organisational structure) . Port incident controller . Port main controller . Emergency Control Centre . Action on site . Action off site.
The plan would set out the way in which designated people at the site of the incident can initiate supplementary action. An essential element of the plan would be the provision for attempting to make safe the affected unit, for example by shutting it down. On a complex site, the plan would contain the full sequence of key personnel to be called in from other sections or from off-site. The elements described above, forming part of Disaster Management Plan, have been explained in detail in the following paragraphs.
7.3.2 Organization Structure
The first few minutes after the incident / accident are invariably the most critical period in prevention of escalation. Therefore, the personnel available at or near the incident site (and often responsible for or carrying out that particular activity) on round the clock basis play a vital role in an emergency. This concept is made use of in nominating the KEY PERSONS.
In each hazardous location, it is necessary to nominate a functionary as the "Incident Controller" who is invariably the In-charge of cargo operations at the port. The Incident
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Controller tackling the emergency in real-time requires support from various other services e.g. fire and safety, medical services, security, engineering, administration, technical services covering communication, transport and personnel functions, etc. A KEY PERSON for each one of these services, therefore, should be nominated.
Finally, there can be only ONE top person in a hierarchy. He is the "SITE MAIN CONTROLLER" (SMC). In the present case, the SMC will be the In-Charge of the Port. Various controllers on the one hand co-ordinate with the SMC in their respective functions and they co-ordinate at the same time with the functional KEY PERSONS at the incident site. This is the basic concept of nominating KEY PERSONS and corresponding CONTROLLERS. The KEY PERSONS will generally be at the site of incident and the CONTROLLERS will report at the EMERGENCY CONTROL CENTRE (ECC).
The duties and responsibilities of various KEY PERSONS AND CONTROLLERS will be written down ensuring no grey areas or overlapping responsibilities.
Various Controllers will be drawn from the organisation and clear-cut responsibilities will be spelt out for the following controllers: . Operation Controller . Maintenance Controller . Fire and Safety Controller . Communication Controller . Environment Controller.
Succession Chart (Second-Line Controller) It is a good practice to develop a succession chart. Succession chart will be developed as above nominating a second-line controller who would act as controller in the absence of any of the above officials.
7.3.3 Roles and Responsibilities of Emergency Team
7.3.3.1 Site Incident Controller
Establish Emergency Control Centre and inform SMC
Ensure availability of Controllers / Team Members
Priority decisions for: . Strategy for development of resources for fire fighting / rescue . Cargo details & receipts
D. Periodic Assessment of . Actual disaster zone . Resource deployment (own / external)
E. Periodic Status report of SMC
F. Seek help for: . fire-fighting . medical aid . rescue . transport . traffic arrangement . law and order
G. Inform the following authorities at Ratnagiri about the incident:
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. District Collector . Superintendent of Police . District Environmental Engineer . District Health Officer . Inspector of Factories H. Establish contacts with the following, through Controllers: . Superintendents of nearby hospitals . Chief Fire Officer of nearby fire services . Insurance Company . Establish First Aid Centre through Manager-Medical . Establish Information Centres.
7.3.3.2 Communication
An essential component of any emergency preparedness programme is the communication links for gathering information needed for overall co-ordination e.g. emergency control centre with in-house as well as outside emergency services. Too much reliance on the telephone system is risky as it can be overloaded in an emergency situation. Radio links, pager system, mobile handsets are recommended for higher reliability.
The description of the tasks and responsibilities, reporting place, etc. for each key functionary will be, as far as possible, so drafted as to reduce the communication needs between the interacting groups and permit good mutual understanding and well co- ordinated independent actions to tackle emergency situations.
ILPPL will implement a fully computerised operation and management system in order to become “state-of-the-art” port. This will cover all important functions of the port, such as: . Vessel discharge and loading planning . Vessel tracking . Yard inventory . Equipment deployment optimisation . Passing of information to customers . Accounting and Invoicing . Maintenance monitoring.
Port offices / operational areas will be provided with modern telecommunication system consisting of telephone, telefax, e-mail, etc. EDI will be available for online data exchange with ships and shipping agents.
7.3.3.3 Emergency Control Centre
The Emergency Control Centre (ECC) will be established and will be equipped with the following: . An adequate number of external telephones. If possible, one should accept outgoing calls only, in order to bypass jammed switchboards during an emergency. . An adequate number of internal telephones. . Radio equipment / pager system. . A layout plan of the Jetty showing: . Location of possible spillage / fire points . Sources of safety equipment . The other fire-fighting system elements. . A nominal roll of employees at the Jetty . A list of KEY PERSONNEL with addresses, telephone numbers, etc. . An adequate number of personnel protective / safety equipment available on-site / backup in warehouse or with other member groups of mutual aid programme. . Locations of various fire fighting arrangements at the terminal.
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7.3.3.4 Alarm Systems
The emergency (due to fires or spillage) would be initiated by the first person noticing it by activating the fire alarm from the nearest call-point or by contacting the fire control room immediately on the internal telephone if an emergency has occurred at the berths or on the ship.
If in the opinion of the Jetty In-Charge in consultation with the Fire Safety Officer (both at the ship and the port), the severity of the emergency is such that it can primarily be coped with Port's own resources (aided by fire-fighting appliances from the fire brigade, if required), but which would require assistance from the civic authorities to marshal and control movements, the siren code for ONSITE CRISIS will be sounded through the hooter.
The siren codes for distinguishing between an ONSITE and OFFSITE CRISIS will be clearly established. Further, separate siren codes will be laid down for various hazardous locations, which will be of immense help for guiding personnel safely in an ONSITE crisis.
In the present case, siren codes would be different for the emergencies occurring at berths and vessel. A coded siren will be developed for indication of incidents at any of the above incident sites.
The onsite / offsite siren codes would be informed to the neighbouring population of the port.
7.3.3.5 Mutual Aid Scheme
Assistance in terms of equipment and manpower will be taken under a Mutual Aid Scheme from the industries located in nearby areas. The arrangements for requesting of services of agencies such as Coast Guard, Navy, Airforce of Government of India and Department of Ports of Government of Maharastra will be defined.
7.3.3.6 Assembly Points
Shifting or evacuating facility personnel during an on-site crisis will be done to a pre- determined assembly point in a safe part of the facility / installation. The assembly point will be identified at safe locations.
7.3.3.7 Onsite Emergency Plan and Rehearsals
Once the emergency programme is finalised, it would be made known to all personnel so that each one knows his or her role in the event of an emergency. The plan will be regularly tested through rehearsals at a regular frequency.
7.3.3.8 Emergency Plan for the Terminal and Vessel
Terminal Emergency Plan This plan will be drawn up in consultation with Fire Brigade, Coast Guard, Police, etc. The plan will include: . Stopping of unloading operation immediately at the terminal. . Specific initial action to be taken by those at the location of emergency (to notify time, position, source and cause of spill) to control room and to Department of Ports, Coast Guard, Indian Navy, etc. . Immediate action to combat pollution . Evaluation of situation by on-scene controller regarding threat posed by spill and identify threatened resources
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. Co-ordinated arrangement for quick and safe release of tanker in case of an emergency . Details of communication system available and siren code . An inventory, including location details of emergency equipment . Sound alarm-terminal fire-fighting staff to fight fire . Un-berth vessel to depart . Electric power to switch off and emergency lighting to switch on.
The ships calling at the terminal will be advised of the terminal's emergency plan particularly the alarm signals and procedures to summon assistance in the event of an emergency on board.
Vessel Emergency Plan Planning and preparations are essential if personnel are to deal effectively with emergencies on board a vessel. Though various types of emergencies can occur on the ship, only fire on the vessel at the terminal is of major concern in the present context. The immediate action to be taken by the master of the vessel will include: . Raise the alarm (also sound the terminal fire alarm to support ship's efforts to control fire) and commence shutting down any discharging, bunkering or de- ballasting operations which may be taking place. . Fight the fire from Tug with fire-fighting equipment . Locate and assess the incident and assess possible dangers. . Organise manpower and equipment for quick control of the incident . Co-ordinate arrangements for quick and safe release of the vessel . Mobilise Jetty tugs and launches and keep pilots and mooring staff and standby to remove vessel from the terminal, if required.
7.3.3.9 Disaster Management Plan for Cyclones
ILPPL will develop a customised DMP to cope during disasters from natural calamities such as rough weather conditions, cyclones, etc. Proper planning can reduce the potential damage from disasters in terms of losses to human lives, plant / Jetty assets, environmental damage and rehabilitation costs. The DMP for Cyclones will be prepared by ILPPL in consultation with the Department of Ports, Government of Maharastra.
The rough weather operations will be controlled in three stages: . Green Status – The operations of loading / unloading will be carried out as planned. . Yellow Status – This is an alert stage indicating possibility of rough weather. Still operations can be continued with all emergency precautions . Red Status – Emergency situations or rough weather; operation will be suspended. Activities controlled by in-charge of emergency operations. The vessel / tanker is to be moved to safe anchorage or will be advised to proceed to sea.
The main components of the DMP for cyclones will include the following: . Pre-Disaster (or Pre-Cyclone) Plan . On (or During Cyclone) Disaster Plan . Post (or After Cyclone) Disaster Plan.
Pre-Cyclone Plan Pre-Cyclone Measures The ILPPL will maintain and exchange information continuously with the local IMD authorities at Ratnagiri for continuous updates of meteorological conditions, in general, and emerging / predicted weather phenomenon such as cyclones, in particular. Upon issue of a cyclone warning by the IMD, the ILPPL would immediately initiate the Pre-Cyclone Measures. The Department of Ports and District Collector of Ratnagiri would be informed
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of the imminent cyclone. All ILPPL officials dealing with operations and disaster management will be informed.
Pre-Cyclone Exercise On signalling of a cyclone alert, the Control Room will be manned 24 hours a day for disaster management. The ‘Weather Signals’ depending on the data available about the cyclone and it’s threat perception will be informed to all personnel. The cargo handling operations will be regulated as per the rough-weather classification and will be continued with all emergency precautions. The different personnel of ILPPL would assume their roles and responsibilities, as previously identified, for disaster management. The standby arrangement for power supply will be checked. Pre-identified ‘Rescue Centres’ will be kept in readiness. A pre-alert will be issued regarding suspension of all operations in case of emergency and to await instructions regarding the same. All Jetty Crafts, Tugs and Ships will be fully secured inside the harbour area. Booms of mobile cranes will be lowered. Communication system including standby arrangement will be tested for working condition. Vehicles involved in rescue operations will be checked for working condition. Jetty Crafts, Tugs to be engaged in rescue will be kept in readiness. The safety of cargo in the Jetty area will be ensured.
During Cyclone Plan The emergency alarm siren will be raised as per the ‘Alarm System’. All personnel will be evacuated except essential operational personnel and personnel dealing with disaster management. The cargo handling operations will be suspended. The vessel will be moved to safe anchorage or will be advised to proceed to sea. The stored cargo will be protected and secured. Power supply will be disconnected and alternative power supply will be restored in essential operational areas. Jetty Crafts and Tugs will continue to be in readiness for rescue.
Post Cyclone Plan This would be the rescue and rehabilitation stage after passing of the cyclone. The damages would be assessed and rehabilitation work initiated to restore Jetty operations at the earliest. The records of the events during the cyclone will be maintained and reviewed for possible enhancements to the DMP.
7.3.3.10 Breaking of Moorings
. Supervisor / unloading operator to sound alarm . Secure vessel again . Monsoon vessel surging – un-berth vessel . Ship staff to be notified on arrival, of mooring instructions, wind / waves, tidal range, strong currents, etc.
7.3.3.11 Oil Spill Contingency Plan
ILPPL will be equipped with all modern equipment to contain and recover oil spills such as booms, skimmers, etc. In addition, ILPPL will develop a customised Oil Spill Contingency Plan to cope with any accidental oil spill during bunkering. The contingency plan will be prepared by ILPPL in consultation with the Department of Ports, GoM, Coast Guard, etc.
In case of an oil spill, immediate steps would be taken to contain and control the spill. An Oil Spill Contingency Plan will outline the steps to be taken before, during and after a spill. In the present case, an Oil Spill Contingency Plan covering the following, will be prepared: . Hazard Identification . Vulnerability Analysis . Risk Assessment . Response Actions.
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Hazard Identification All conditions which can lead to an oil spill will be identified and necessary information to react to a spill under different conditions will be studied.
Vulnerability Analysis Vulnerability analysis will help to identify the resources and communities which could be affected due a spill and accordingly they can be informed or quick measures can be taken so that it results in minimum damage. Information on the following will be collected as a part of vulnerability analysis: . Public safety officials . Schools, nursing homes, hospitals and prisons in the area . Recreational areas . Special events such as festivals and when they occur . Ecologically sensitive areas specially areas susceptible to oil or water pollution.
Risk Assessment Based on hazard identification and vulnerability analysis, the extent of risks involved will be assessed.
Response Actions Response actions will provide information on all the immediate actions that will be taken in the event of a spill. It will have information on the following: . Measures to prevent further flow of oil . Measures to prevent ignition . Agencies responsible for clean-up effort . Information on the extent of spill . Measures to contain spill to a limited area . Measures to remove oil . Measures to dispose the spilled oil.
Mock drills will be carried out to test the effectiveness of the contingency plan.
7.3.3.12 District Level Emergency Committee
The District Level Emergency Committee are set up for major off-site emergencies. This committee would comprise of the following members: . District Collector, Ratnagiri - Chairman . Regional Transport Authority, Rathnagiri - Member . District Medical Superintendent, Rathnagiri- Member . Inspector of Factories, Rathnagiri- - Member . Inspector of Police, Rajapur - Member . Fire Officer, Rajapur - Member . Officer In-Charge, Ilog Port - Member
7.3.3.13 Community Involvement and Awareness
The nearest settlements to ILPPL are Ambolgadh village at a distance of 1 km and it is necessary to appraise the local communities about the activities involved in the development and operation of the project. The following information would be listed in the project site: . Providing general information on the nature and extent of off-site affects in the event of unforeseen circumstances. . Details of the safety measures to be adopted in tackling the hazards in the event of any disaster. . Involving the community members and developing awareness in them regarding emergency preparedness and disaster management.
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. Record keeping.
7.3.4 Details of Proposed Safety System
In the planning and design of the Port facilities, high importance is given to the safety and environmental aspects. For the present project, a number of environmental pollution / risk reducing measures have been introduced. They are: . Safe and efficient cargo handling equipment . Standard operational procedures . Apart from the above, the following additional safety actions / measures are recommended: . Preparation of detailed operational procedures including instructions for emergency situations . Preparation of standard working procedures in connection with repair and maintenance. . Minimize the number / duration of personnel at the berths during unloading operations.
7.3.5 Recommendations for the Implementation of the Off-site Emergency Plan
. The emergency control centre will be the focal point to co-ordinate emergency activities. The emergency control centre would be equipped with an adequate number of equipment mentioned under heading 'Emergency Control Centre’. . Succession or second-line controllers would be named for assuming responsibilities in case disaster occurs in absence of principal co-ordinators. . ILPPL would make arrangement for coded siren system or through some other suitable means to alert people in surrounding areas in case of off-site crisis. . A summarised version of action procedures detailing the "Role of Essential Staff in Major Emergency" would be issued in a flip chart like booklet form to all concerned persons (officers and supervisors) at the berths and also to senior officers of the civic administration.
7.3.6 Conclusion
The Hazardous Materials Management Plan and Disaster Management Plan is prepared in conjunction with and taking into consideration all technical reviews and suggestions as per acceptable norms and hence, will meet with any eventuality.
7.4 Bathymetric & Contour Study
The Bathymetric & Contour Study has been carried out by MEC Consultants, Mumbai. The Bathymetric Chart and Contour Survey of the ILPPL area has been provided as Figure 68 and the Bathymetric study Report of the same is provided as Annexure VIII. The bathymetry & Contours of the surveyed area reveals that it has gradual slope towards the sea/ west and depths are varying between dry 3.5m at high water line and 13.7m at 2.2km from high water line. Contours are drawn at 2m interval and marked on the chart.
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Figure 68 : Bathymetric Chart and Contour Survey For Ilog Port
7.5 Shoreline Study
The Shoreline Study has been carried out by Anna University, Chennai. The Shoreline Study Report of the same is provided as Annexure IX.
7.6 CRZ Study
The CRZ study has been carried out by Anna University, Chennai. The Jetty comes under CRZ IB, III & IVA the CRZ mapping has been done by Anna University. The HTL and LTL Demarcation of the ILPPL area has been provided as Figure 69 and the CRZ Report of the same is provided as Annexure X. CRZ Boundaries are provided as Figure 70.
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Figure 69 : HTL LTL Demarcation for ILOG Port
Figure 70 : CRZ Boundaries For ILOG Port
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8.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
The Environment Management Plan (EMP) is required to ensure sustainable development in the area of the port. Hence it needs to be an all encompassive plan for which the Jetty authorities, Government, Regulating agencies like Pollution Control Board working in the region and more importantly the affected population of the study area need to extend their cooperation and contribution. The identification and quantification of impacts based on scientific and mathematical modelling has been presented in Chapter-4. At the industry level, pollution control measures include in-built process control measures for zero discharge.
The Environment Management Action Plan aims at controlling pollution at the source level to the possible extent with the available and affordable technology followed by treatment measures before they are discharged. Mitigation measures at the source level and an overall Management Plan for the study area are elicited so as to improve the supportive capacity of the study area and also to preserve the assimilative capacity of the receiving bodies. The affected environmental attributes in the region include air quality, water quality, soil, land use, ecology and public health.
8.1 COMPONENTS OF EMP
8.1.1 Land Environment
The Jetty layout is developed by improving layout considered in various options, which has the following merits:
1. This layout duly takes into account the existing ground levels at site to minimize the cutting and filling; 2. The proposed Jetty will be located such that the natural storm water drains within the project area
Rain Water Harvesting Rain water harvesting system as per the required norms will be provided in the buildings.
The implementation of these measures and coastline stability/changes will be monitored during the construction and operation phases of the proposed project.
Rainwater harvesting pond will be developed in the southern boundary of the Jetty layout.
Roads Additional roads / augmentation of existing roads to be provided / carried out around the stackyards and also between berth and stackyard areas.
The storm water collection pond will be provided. Drainages, roads and rail connectivity will be suitably designed and implemented to overcome affects of changes in land terrain.
The following internal roads are proposed to be provided . A two lane road is proposed for the proposed port.
Similarly the utilities like water supply, surface drainage including storm water, sewage treatment/disposal, waste management/disposal, electrical power supply will be augmented as part of the proposed Jetty project.
8.1.1.1 Land Reclamation
The land available behind the water front is low lying and the ground level should be raised by backfilling with dredged material with proper compaction Suitable drainage arrangement
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