Politicia / Edition 11 / 2020 / Issue 2 / September / Online

America Decides Contents EDITORIAL Editorial ...... 03 “Hope The West wants The Gulf Between Politics and Science ...... 04 Smiles from the threshold of the year to come, to go local but the How To Kill A Rebel ...... 05 Whispering ‘it will be happier’...” East wants to move Film Review: 42 ...... 06 - Alfred Lord Tennyson towards a global One Scam To Rule Them All ...... 07 approach. The new Another Face of Black Lives Matter ...... 08 When I sat down to write this editorial, I realised world disorder has The Stand Off ...... 09 that the Covid-19 was still invading our lives. It is put global politics Predicting The Next President...... 10 almost impossible it’s been around for this long. in a fix. Despite All About Self Reliance - Aatmanirbhar Bharat ...... 12 There are thousands, millions or even billions all the challenges A Step Forward ...... 14 of problems to solve. The optimist in me says there is a glimmer This Day That Year ...... 14 that the planet we are living on can be saved if of hope in every A Match Made in Heaven ...... 15 everyone starts being more attentive to their sur- catastrophe. Learn- The Right Key? ...... 16 roundings, respects nature, and cares about the ing in times of dis- Compass: Intelligence Agencies ...... 17 environment. aster requires seiz- The Fate of Sudan ...... 18 ing opportunities which include forming spaces : An Obituary ...... 19 Imagine a world where there’s no coronavirus, to ponder, being vigilant and attentive, creating Cartoons ...... 20 trash, air pollution, widespread hunger, poverty new modes of intelligence, developing alterna- Tweets ...... 21 and war. You must think it’s a utopian dream tive explanations, and performing novel acts. A under the present circumstances. Luckily, for crisis can test your patience and resilience. The some of us a flawless world like this is still a odd situations in which people find themselves possible reality. However, as this year has pro- can sometimes yield fruitful lessons. We must gressed we did not see profound changes in the dream of a future in which fundamental, social frenzied world. Global political disorder has been and political changes offer us hope of fulfilling with us for most of human history. human aspirations. Answers to international EDITORIAL BOARD problems usually require teamwork and cooper- The pandemic has impacted intercontinental ation among countries. Editor-in-Chief Creative Editor relations and affected the political systems of numerous countries; causing postponements of If our civilization has to survive, we need to apply Kartik Tripathi Ayaan Suhail judicial activities, isolation or losses of multiple powerful strategies. Peacebuilding and stabilisa- politicians and delay in elections due to fears tion are the need of the hour. Despite our best Senior Editors Editors of spreading the virus. The reaction to the pan- efforts, homo sapiens are not going to wipe demic has led to an unprecedented increase of themselves from this planet. When the Sheikh Harsh V. Singh Varad Venkat governmental power. The supporters of small of the UAE was asked the question “Why does governments worry that the state will be unwill- your country need a Ministry of Happiness?” He Aaryan Mahipal Mrinank Chandar ing to give up that power once the crisis is over. answered, “I want my people to have a better life This has been the case in numerous historical now. I want them to be getting a decent educa- Shreyansh Jindal Aarav Upadhayaya occasions. tion now. I want them to have access to the best medicine and be healthy now. Not in 20 years.” Samanyu Raj Malik Aditya Mishra Perhaps, the Presidential elections in the US I firmly believe that the goal of the governments are a silver lining. Will international politics re- across the globe should be to create a happy, Correspondents Special Thanks align after the election of the POTUS? The New safe and peaceful society so that future genera- Education Policy, Navelny poisoning, the Keno- tions can take pride in their survival. Arnav Goel Mr. Apoorva Joshi sha Protests, judicial issues, the Indo-China bor- der dispute etc. are the current pressing issues. Kartik Tripathi Meet Baani Kaur IT Team Some of these have been highlighted in this Editor-in-Chief issue. lost one of its finest politicians as Staff Editor Mr. Rahul Sridhar former President Pranav Mukherjee bid the final adieu. The present-day transnational situation is Ms. Kiran Tripathi Mr. Prashant Arora evolving with extreme changes, and the world economies of all the major superpowers includ- Mr. Puneet Pandit ing the USA, the UK, Russia, China etc. have taken a big hit. For the first time in almost three The views in the Magazine are of the contributors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Magazine and School. decades, the prosperous Australian subcontin- Reproduction in whole or in part without permission is strictly prohibited ent fell into a recession. Copyright: Politicia 2020 All Rights Reserved Write To Us: [email protected] 02 Politicia Politicia 03 Welham Boys’ School Online Edition Welham Boys’ School Online Edition The Gulf Between Politics and Science HOW TO KILL A REBEL It’s worrisome to note that many students in India scientific minds. But today, scientists in politics, today, even students of science, cannot appreci- actively trying to change the status quo, have be- Phrases like “Russia’s vociferous Putin critic” and experts”. Although International politicians ate the application of science in their political be- come somewhat of an anomaly. What was previ- and “a thorn in the Kremlin’s side” have often have said the incident appears likely to have liefs. Students are looked up to as champions of ously seen as home turf for scientists and intellec- been used for Alexei Anatolievich Navalny, a been state-ordered, they have urged Moscow to rational and honest thought, however, this turn of tuals has changed rapidly to become something Russian opposition politician and anti-corruption prove its lack of involvement. Khe Kremlin has events in India is disconcerting. entirely different. And these glaring contrasts campaigner who recently came to limelight after denounced attempts to blame the Russian state between today’s politics and yesterday’s politics falling ill on a flight from Siberia and being rushed for the poisoning as “absurd”. Mike Pompeo, US The ‘student’ has come to be seen as a hallmark make it difficult for anyone to be optimistic about to a hospital in Omsk with suspected poisoning. Secretary of State also said on Wednesday that of intellectualism and political activism. Issues the future of Indian politics. there was a “substantial chance” that the order to seemingly important only to students have time Navalny has, in the past, called Mr Putin’s par- poison the dissident “came from senior Russian and again evolved into larger political movements. Something even more alarming and disturbing is ty a place of “crooks and thieves” accused the officials.” This case has prompted international The present Prime Minister started his career in the vacuum of scientific temper that is beginning President’s politics of “sucking the blood out of calls for Russia to carry out a transparent inves- politics as part of a student movement. Even to- to form in the sphere of Indian politics. When the Russia” and vowed to destroy the “feudal state” tigation or risk sanctions, but the country has not day, the students of JNU and JMI have carved for Central Minister for Human Resource Develop- being built in Russia, while leading nationwide opened a criminal investigation saying its med- themselves a prominent niche in Indian politics. ment disregards science and reason in the broad protests against the authorities. 2008 was the ics did not find evidence of poison in tests. Politics has been continuously influenced by stu- daylight of parliament and propagates a fringe year in which Navalny started blogging about dents and student movements. And up until now, stance about a nostalgic and ancient past, the ex- alleged malpractices and corruption at some of Siberian transport police have conducted a politicians used to be wary of the clout enjoyed istence of the aforementioned vacuum becomes Russia’s big state-controlled corporations and “check” into what happened and on Friday and by student leaders and the scientific community even more apparent. And the scientific commu- with this his rise as a force in Russian politics have published some findings on Navalny’s ac- at large. But that clout has seemingly withered nity, students particularly, should stand in oppo- began. tivities. The police also said they had questioned away. sition to the disregard for scientific values. But all those accompanying Navalny except for one needless to say, this has not happened. He is known to ask stinging questions about woman, Marina Pevchikh, who “lives perma- One possible reason for that is the (relatively) new holes in the state finances and tries to reach out nently in Britain”. concrete wall built by the Indian student between In conclusion, aversion to politics, especially by a to predominantly young followers in a punchy scientific academia and political activity. Scientific community that can contribute so much to good language, mocking the establishment loyal to They were now working to trace passengers on academics have always been heralded as promi- governance, is not healthy for society. There President Putin. When Mr. Navalny was jailed in the flight from Tomsk to Moscow where Navalny nent voices of reason and rationalism. One can- needs to be an acknowledgment of the duties of 2013, he told the judge that he would fight on fell ill on August 20, the statement said. Russia not emphasize enough the courageous activism the scientific academic towards the realm of poli- with his colleagues “to destroy the feudal state has repeatedly complained that Germany has of the Late Dr. Narendra Dabholkar and even to- tics. Without this crucial first step, the develop- that’s being built in Russia, destroy the system not answered its request to see the medical data day’s Dr. Kafeel Khan. But the young science stu- ment of the scientific temper of society and even of government where 83% of national wealth is that led to the declaration that Navalny had been dent has visibly displayed his repulsion towards the fulfillment of the demands put forth by the sci- owned by a half per cent of the population’’. poisoned with Novichok. During the UN Security all political activity. This continuing apoliticism can entific community would be an unachievable goal. Council session on Thursday, the United States be called one of the reasons for the political ne- 44-year-old Navalny fell ill after boarding a plane and European countries raised the issue of Nav- glect faced by the demands of the scientific com- Samanyu Raj Malik in Siberia after which he went into a coma and alny, although it was not on the session’s agen- munity, particularly students of the sciences. XI a German-based charity persuaded Russian da, to which Russia’s UN envoy Vasily Nebenzya officials to allow him to be airlifted to Berlin for said that the situation around him is reminiscent Till very recently, science students looked down treatment. On 2nd September, the German gov- of foul play staged by one who benefits from it. upon political protests, the likes of which were or- ernment revealed that tests carried out by the ganized by students of universities such as JNU. military found “unequivocal proof of a chemical Russia’s Permanent Representative to the Being buried deep in their books, they were al- nerve warfare agent of the Novichok group”. It OPCW Alexander Shulgin told TASS on Thurs- ways told that these activities are ‘counter-pro- is important to note that this is the second sus- day that Moscow is ready to discuss the situa- ductive’ and ‘distractions’. But it is the absence pected poisoning for the opposition leader. In tion with Russian opposition figure Alexei Nav- of synchronous conjunction between academics 2019, he was diagnosed with “contact dermati- alny within the Organization for the Prohibition of and activism that has uprooted the students’ de- tis” while in jail, and his doctor suggested that he Chemical Weapons (OPCW), if the issue is put mands from the political battleground. might have been exposed to “some toxic agent”. forward by Germany, “More peculiarities arise in He has also twice been targeted with antisep- the “Navalny case,” he noted. “Yesterday, Ger- The recently conducted NEET and JEE exams tic green dye known as “zelyonka” and suffered man officials stated that they had handed over despite widespread and vehement opposition chemical burns to an eye. all the materials confirming that the Russian citi- stand as testimony to this. The previously inactive zen was poisoned to the OPCW. However, we science student was caught off-guard, seemingly Germany reported “unequivocal evidence” that checked these statements and found them to be because he refused to opine before. He gave the he was poisoned with the military-grade nerve untrue: Germany did not send anything to the impression of oblivious indifference, and that im- agent- Novichok but Russia rubbished their dec- OPCW Technical Secretariat neither yesterday pression became somewhat of a death knell for laration and the Russian police said on Friday nor this morning.” Shulgin further stressed -”We his demands. Moreover, he refused to participate that were seeking to question Mr. Navalny in expect Germany to provide a clear explanation in movements that did not directly affect him. Berlin. The police said that following the reports on this issue.” that Navalny had emerged from a coma, officers The widening moat between politics and aca- could “ask clarifying and additional questions” Meet Baani Kaur demia is certainly disconcerting. The past era and be present as “German colleagues carry X of Indian politics was not wanting in rational and out investigative activities with Navalny, medics

04 Politicia Politicia 05 Welham Boys’ School Online Edition Welham Boys’ School Online Edition Film Review : 42 One Scam To Rule Them All ( In Memory of Chadwick Boseman) When talking about Electoral politics, supporters their donations, and foreign companies can now of the current government always draw a distinc- also donate to this scheme. Quid Pro Quo with Director: Brian Helgeland ist culture. Another astonishing aspect of the mov- tion between it and its predecessors on the clear foreign powers? Well, it’s a pity we can’t find out. Cast : Chadwick Boseman, Nicole Beharie , ie is its historical accuracy. There is a balanced lack of scams. The fodder scam, the Coal scam, Harrison Ford, André Holland, Alan Tudyk representation of the support and impediments in the Helicopter scam, the 2G scam, The Adarsh Why is this a problem? Well, in India, the law Genre: Documentary Robinson’s life. Jackie’s wife, Rachel and Wen- scam and the CNG scam, all occurred under a changes with the government. Not in the letter, dell Smith, a black sportswriter who wrote about Congress regime at the Centre. Under the BJP, but rather, in its implementation. While some gov- “Maybe tomorrow, we’ll all wear 42, so nobody Robinson’s career, have been portrayed well by there is an unmistakable decline in these widely ernments may allow (read: promote) extrajudicial could tell us apart.” Nicole Beharie and André Holland. Harrison Ford publicized, nationally orchestrated scams worth killings, or encounters (allegations have surfaced succeeds at capturing the guilt of Rickey and his thousands of crores of rupees. It would, howev- in UP) others may be use the police to deliberate- There are some concepts which become norms passion to help black players, delivering a power- er, be a blunder to assume that just because the ly hamper investigations into famous influencers simply because they are imposed upon us at a ful performance. It even shows the transformation number of scams have been curtailed, that Indian concerning drugs and suicide (Udta Panjab was young age. Racial discrimination used to be, and of Robinson’s teammates, Ralph Blanca and Pee politics has suddenly become clean. As the politi- a diversion from Mumbai, it seems). It would be in some places , still is one of these concepts. Wee Reese, who realised that talented players cally aware readers must have guessed already, unwise to assume that this relationship between Segregation and racism only grew because peo- like Jackie should not be hindered by the colour the conversation will now turn towards electoral the law and politics does not extend into the fi- ple born into society were preached about it at of their skin and clashed with those who used bonds. nancial sphere. With the socialist hangover of homes and schools. Even today it exists as the derogatory terms against him. During a climax the thousands of regulations that we have, busi- unspoken law of some communities, passing scene, Jackie is seen batting against the Phillies, It is impossible to prove that the Prime Minister, ness is the most vulnerable to political influence. blindly down from one generation to the other. when antagonist Ben Chapman, launches into a with a mandate to shame any Gandhi, is profi- Earlier, industrialists had to exercise caution with However, it is not to be blamed upon anyone as fit using the N-word against him. We see Robin- teering off corruption. Neither can this be said their donations, lest the other side win. Foreign people have only seldom stopped to think ration- son trying to focus on his game, until he eventu- about any of the other party leaders. But that is corporations could not meddle. ally about their customs and traditions. It is only ally breaks down and cracks his bat. Branch rec- because our definition of corruption in this country Now all this has been rewritten. There is noth- through grand gestures of defiance or sometimes, onciles him by telling him how he represents the is skewed. To quote a renowned American politi- ing stopping a businessperson from walking up aggression that people have come to terms with whole black community and is considered a hero cian, choosing money over power is a mistake to a politician, request that he turn a blind eye to what is actually fair. Similarly, major victories in by many. This is especially a very powerful scene. many of us make. It would be safe to say that the some pollution violations, and donate a few crore combating racism have come through spectacles A metaphorical conversation between Wendell current ruling party, the BJP, has not made that rupees, anonymously, to his party. Tax-free, off and protests. But what makes the story of Jackie and Jackie best encapsulates the message of the mistake. course. Robinson special is its take on resistance and let- movie: Whatcha gonna do if one of these pitchers ting his actions speak against white supremacists. throws for your head? To which Robinson replies: Due to the Electoral Bonds Scheme, political Now, moving on beyond the obvious, let us look at I’ll duck! parties gained Rs 600 Crores in March 2018. some opposition to the bill (of course it was jour- 42 is set around the aftermath of the first world The BJP got 95% of that. The question in most nalists, opposition politicians don’t bite the hand war, when African-Americans had valiantly served Perhaps, the best portrayal of the movie is that minds at this moment should be how? How did that feeds). There are allegations that RBI was their country and still returned home to a divided of Robinson himself, by the late Chadwick Bose- the Government and the Election Commission, against the implementation of this scheme. It was nation. At that point of time, there were 400 white man. Boseman, in his breakthrough movie, suc- with all the safeguards, checks and balances al- compulsory for the legalization of this scheme men in the major leagues of baseball, while black cessfully paints the metamorphosis of the first low big money to become such a large player in that the RBI be consulted. Their consultation? men played amongst themselves. Jackie Robin- black man to play international baseball, from a politics? How did the BJP achieve this? To quote That this scheme would increase money launder- son, who was court-marshalled for his aggression hot-tempered outlaw to a poised and subtle per- yet another line from the same American leader, ing. This consultation, much like the opposition in the war, had joined the Kansas City Monarchs. sonality. Throughout his career, Jackie inspired when you don’t like how the table is set, flip the parties in Parliament, was duly ignored. There Meanwhile, Branch Rickey, General Manager of baseball players like Ed Charles .The Dodgers, table over. Instead of finding ways and discover- are more accusations (mostly by Nitin Sethi) that the Brooklyn Dodgers, was embracing the pros- with his help, achieved the pennant in the year ing loopholes to get the money into their coffers, P. Radhakrishnan lied to the parliament (2018 pect of opening baseball to all potential players, 1947. In the year 1972, he died of an unfortunate our ruling party has flipped over the table. It has winter session) that the election commission had irrespective of their race. The best part about a heart attack but Rachel lived on to tell his story. legalized corruption! no problem with the scheme. Yet, in 2017, the sport, especially one like baseball, is that the only The number 42 has been recognised as a univer- Commission had said that the scheme could en- parameter for judgement is your score. But that sal symbol of equal representation in sports and First, some definitions for the uninformed. Elec- able parties to get illegal donations from foreign wasn’t always the case. Just like the American every year, on April 15th, Major League Baseball toral bonds were introduced by the government in sources. The government’s reply? The scheme elite society in the 1940s, baseball was meant players wear this number to honour the memory Amendments to the Finance Bill 2017. To grossly increased transparency. It seems somebody is only for white men. Naturally, when Rickey chose of Jackie Robinson. As a film, 42 does not have oversimplify, it would not be wrong to quantify obfuscating what anonymous really means. Robinson to play for Montreal’s ( AAA affiliate of cliffhangers or twists, nor is it very profound. It is these bonds as gift vouchers of sorts. Bonds can the Brooklyn Farm) , it resulted in outrage and a simple narrative based on ideals of teamwork, be brought for any party via the SBI, and the po- In January 2018, the government said that there death threats. Unlike cliché movies revolving equality and faith. But it does have in store, a litical party can accept them and get cash depos- were certain parameters for parties to follow for around people inciting mass movements for their takeaway for everyone who watches it. ` And in its in their account. Any party with one more than cashing into these bonds. Yet, in May that year, rights, 42 focuses on how Jackie controlled his that regard, it is a must-watch! 1% of all voters in the Lok Sabha can partake in before the Karnataka elections, the PMO opened temper and rose through the ranks of the Dodg- the scheme. These donations don’t necessarily a special ten-day window for an exceptional ers to become first baseman. Rickey shouts on Arnav Goel have to be by cash, one can even use their bank case, which some bureaucrats alleged was ille- Jackie in a scene “I want a player who’s got the X account to transfer the funds (digital India takes gal. Moreover, the government has also forced guts not to fight back,” which highlights how the On behalf of the Film Society another leap forward). Moreover, the name of the the SBI to accept expired bonds, and yet again, central theme of 42 is not retaliation but resist- donor remains anonymous. Lastly and most im- the word Scam is nowhere to be seen. Lastly, ance and focus, both on the field and against rac- portantly, companies are not required to report there are many challenges to the claim that these 06 Politicia Politicia 07 Welham Boys’ School Online Edition Welham Boys’ School Online Edition

bonds are anonymous. There are ways in which with more than 70 years of enforced socialist the party in power can track donors, and not re- bureaucratic rule, Indians are basically numb veal it to the public. In a Quint investigation, a against corruption. The fact that the numbers The Stand Off sting operation, if you will, they brought a pair are so big has certainly worked in the politicians’ of bonds. In these bonds, there was a secret al- favor. Already, the 2019 elections were the cost- phanumeric code, which could enable the gov- liest in the world. This is only going to increase, Another elegant thing about life is that it allows by the police in 2018, the last year for which data ernment to track these donors. And government with widespread ignorance about the issue. us to choose our partners with whom we decide is available. Acknowledging the transition that the agencies have the authority to force the SBI to While some insist on waving the saffron flag in to spend our lives. We make the most of it by country faced, there was an alarming rise this give them these details. Ergo, this anonymity your face, others are too intoxicated in their own making promises that we intend to live up to, we year, during the course of this lockdown between claim seems especially bogus. ideological superiority to raise their voices. The try to manufacture a world in which there are no March 25 and May 31, 1,477 complaints of do- work of the opposition is being done by guitar- agonies and we picture ourselves in the society mestic violence were made by women. This 68- In a nutshell, to call electoral bonds corruption wielding hippies, and the media is too polarised where we plot this act to be impeccable. ‘Marriage’ day period recorded more complaints than those now is too little, too late. Obviously, there will be on each side to take a bipartisan stand on the is a very alluring promise which has demanded received between March and May in the previous certain biases in every report, and sure, there issue. What’s left, is to wait and watch. nothing but trust in each other and when that trust 10 years where Uttar Pradesh to be recorded to might be some detail working in favor of the becomes ambiguous, the gulf in the bond starts have the highest number of cases. But even this scheme that did not come up. But in the end, to get bigger and bigger. There are many ways unusual spurt is only the tip of the iceberg as 86% these facts alone invalidate the need for such a Mrinank Chandar which question the morality of this bond by letting women who experience domestic violence do not system and indicate the shaky ethical and legal XI down the hopes of the partner by harassment, seek help in India. And of those who had taken a grounds on which it stands. These alone should extramarital affairs, domestic violence therefore, step which is almost 14.3% of victims who sought be enough to draw media attention. But, sadly, eventually, not remaining compatible with the help, only 7% reached out to relevant authorities partner. Such actions bring out the conclusion of — the police, doctors, lawyers or social service questioning the effort put in by the couple thus organisations. But more than 90% of the victims resulting in the composition of another perplexing sought help only from their immediate family. Another Face of Black Lives Matter term ‘Divorce’. American politics has taken a turn for the worse, forced down to the ground by one of the officers. We have been a part of this since the day we and the worst is yet to be seen by the citizens of That’s where the first video (the one which had Since the dawn of time, there has been an inverse contributed an ounce to form this society and the United States. With the 2020 Presidential Elec- the shooting of Jacob Blake) picks up. relationship between the male and the female so- not even the 365 days of revolution around the tions coming up, the majority of the people want ciety, as the respect demands for the betterment sun have changed a thing about it. Situations like a certain law to be looked into, something previ- There were mixed responses to the viral videos in the lives of female society wasn’t received the domestic violence in which a massive amount of ous administrations have failed to do--give rigidity posted on the Internet. Protestors responded same way. The world in which we have estab- mental and physical abuse is witnessed by the to the gun laws. It is these gun laws which have quickly and within a few hours of the shooting lished ourselves in the 21st Century wasn’t the female society of India, still women don’t come to been a cause for various mass killings across the there was a huge gathering of demonstrators same back then, the transition is what we have a common ground in filing for divorce but rather United States. The United States has had a long and protestors. There followed a riot which saw faced in terms of political, social and economical a lesson to be taught to their husbands. That’s history of people being killed by gunmen, like the the burning of cars, buildings, and launching of aspects. and this is what we will face shortly. The because of the stigma attached to divorce in In- Las Vegas 2017 shooting and Sandy Hook Ele- fireworks at police who used tear gas in return. patriarchal society does not only cease to exist dia - few families would support daughters who mentary School shooting in Connecticut in 2017. One of the citizens, 17-year-old Kyle Rittenhouse has been passing on generation to generation as want to walk out of abusive marriages, especially This applies to cops as well, since they don’t have of Illinois, was arrested and charged with the mur- if it’s chiseled in our DNA. The concept of ‘Femi- if they have children. The era formed because of the right to shoot wantonly. der in the shooting of three people, of which 2 are nism’ is new to this era and hasn’t found its way to the discrimination faced and to prevent the line dead. Meanwhile, President Trump has ordered every aspect of this society there are many major to be drawn in the future, the flexible Constitution On 23rd August, Tony Evers, the governor of Wis- the National Guard to control the situation. A move misinterpretations fabricated in the minds of the in India for women are changing day to day to consin declared a state of emergency to prevent criticized by many including Joe Biden, the demo- people regarding the term. One major misinter- spread that hope, throwing light on new ways to looters and arsonists who damaged public in- cratic nominee in this year’s US presidential race. pretation that has been following us is ‘Domes- cope with such situations. Keeping in mind that frastructure and businesses overnight and were tic Violence’. It is the action which often forces we cannot end the suffering but we can try to find seen as a threat to the Wisconsin administration. As for Jacob Blake, he was taken to Milwaukee one to come at a conclusion of parting ways in a cure to every disease that we create, we would The National Guard troops were sent in by the Hospital, where he is under intensive care. Re- a marriage or between any couple, where there live up to the expectation of those who died re- US President Donald Trump to minimize the dam- ports show that at least one bullet, if not more, is violence or other abuse in a domestic setting, volting against the patriarchal society. Every day age caused by the looters and maintain “LAW & has punctured his spinal cord. He has holes in his such as in marriage or cohabitation. This prob- is meant for some change brought by someone ORDER” in the American streets. At 5 pm on the stomach. He had to have nearly his entire colon lem has been considered a major cause of dis- and the day when we overcome this situation is same day, a complaint was made against Jacob and small intestines removed, that has left him ruption in the lives of a married woman as they not very far, a little difference is all that it takes Blake. The police arrived on the scene and sur- paralyzed waist down. His father is relieved that face immense brutality in terms of verbal, emo- and a little effort is all that is required to under- rounded Jacob and had their weapons aimed at his son is at least alive. The matter is being inves- tional, physical and mental torture. Women in In- stand the feminine part of our lives. him. The dispatch revealed that Jacob wasn’t sup- tigated by the Wisconsin Department of Justice dia have been caught up in this for a long time, posed to be there and had stolen the car keys of and the FBI is conducting a federal civil rights in- figuring their way out of this but sometimes rais- Varad Venkat the complainant. But the civilians revealed that he vestigation. The person who shot Jacob Blake is ing voice against the well-established patriarchy XII was trying to stop a “verbal altercation” between revealed to be Rusten Sheskey. is mere damage to the vocal cords and nothing two elderly women. Thereafter, the 2 videos re- less. According to India’s national family health vealed the horrific shooting of this citizen. The Aditya Mishra survey - an exhaustive household government second video explained the detailed version of XI survey which happened in 2015-16, around 33% how he was shot by one of the three officers sev- of women have experienced spousal violence en times in the back. The video was showed how - physical, sexual or emotional.”Cruelty by Hus- Jacob was trying to reach his SUV, (which accord- band or His Relatives” accounted for 32% - near- ing to the dispatch audio was not his car) but was ly a third - of all crimes against women registered

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After the pandemic began and when Trump came to be known as “The President without people’s Conclusion Predicting The support”, was when things started turning in fa- vour of the Democratic Party. The Democratic party seemingly has better chances to win this election not because the But what could a Biden win mean for America Democrats have any groundbreaking policies and the rest of the world? but because Trump’s handling of the recent situ- ations will go on to give the democrats a signifi- Next President At first, Biden came across as a dull candidate cant edge. The pandemic has hit the traditional but after four years of President Donald Trump, republican vote bank hard this year. There was dull seems to be very appealing to the public. and continues to be widespread dismay and dis- changed the entire course of elections in the US, Supporters argue that Biden’s win could make satisfaction towards the current administration’s The Grand Old Party and not just in terms of the method of voting, but him the most ambitious President in the coming bungled handling of the pandemic and the eco- also in terms of the political preferences of many years. The fact that Biden has won over states nomic crisis that ensued. Instead of taking steps If you were to visualize politics in 2020, the first voters. As the economy started to collapse and that Hillary Clinton lost in 2016 and has a fighting to curtail the pandemic, the president has con- picture that will come to your mind is probably of companies declared bankruptcy, many attrib- chance in solely Republican States such as Ari- tinued with blaming China for the spread of the the US President, Donald J Trump. His appeal uted this downfall directly to economic policies zona, Texas and Georgia, speaks volumes of his virus. as a nationalist promoting ‘America First’ policies of Donald Trump. People consider the fall in the influence. The Washington Post claims that Joe made him win the 2016 Presidential elections. It economy to be a result of the government’s lack Biden remains the Democrat who has the best In addition to being of great importance for the US was not a surprise when the Republican Party of efficiency to manage the situation well. Unem- chance to persuade Republicans to vote for him. population, the US elections are majorly conse- formally announced Donald Trump as their can- ployment levels are at record low and the econo- Another reason why Biden appealed to the public quential for the international community at large. didate for the 2020 election race. my just experienced the worst slump in its history. is the fact that he shifted when his party shifted. India would particularly benefit from a victory of This opened the door for the Democrats who took This showed that he was open to change and the Democrats, specifically in terms of clean en- Republicans for long have been characterized advantage of this situation by crediting this slow- that is exactly what a progressive society needs. ergy and climate change cooperation. During the by conservative ideology and their bias towards down to the gridlocked Republican led Senate. When Biden proposed a 2 trillion-dollar environ- Obama- Biden administration, we had seen a big industry and big money. The rise of billionaire There have been several proposals made by the mental plan to address climate change, a phe- very healthy relationship between the two coun- president Donald Trump furthered their appeal Republican led Senate which were not executed nomenon Trump has denied, numbers started tries. Biden has promised to work on immigration as the party of the American elite (while at the because these proposals were not passed in the changing and a wave of inclination towards Biden policies for a healthier relationship between India same time, Donald Trump denounced the elitism Democratic led House of Representatives. In started to appear. Moreover, the fact that Biden and the USA, particularly the H1-B visa and its of Wall Street and Washington). Unlike the Dem- certain cases, Trump used his Presidential veto can pass executive orders even when he does associated restrictions, of which India is the larg- ocrats who had a tough competition in electing to execute his proposals following which he was not have a majority in the Senate gives people est beneficiary. their candidate, the Republicans were clear about portrayed as the “President who does not have hope: hope for gradual change which is no less placing their bets on this controversial figure for people’s support.” ambitious. He can roll back Trump’s immigration Consequences and ramifications of the elections the second time in a row. Trump has been one of policies or environmental legislation policies and in mind, it is still a month to go and very early the most actively followed politicians over social There is uncertainty regarding the future of Amer- this broadens his scope, giving him room to be to predict the potential outcome. Moreover, the media and has been identified by experts as a ican politics and Republicans might not see the more ambitious than any Democratic President candidate who secures the popular vote may demagogue. He has faced criticism for his overtly same results as they did four years ago. It is cer- in the past 68 years. ultimately not be elected into office because of open sexism, and ultra conservative behavior. tain that if Republicans want to win the upcom- various complications like the Electoral College. Yet, this populist appeal made him win the elec- ing Presidential elections, they would have to However, to keep himself at this position it is im- This happened in the last Presidential election, tions four years ago and many are expecting the come up with moves that will help them regain portant for Biden to create more jobs and keep when it was actually Hillary Clinton who secured same results in the near future. the strong positions that they had before the pan- America’s economy running, a play where the the popular vote. demic. Trump card dominates. Should this be addressed, The Republican party were in for a shock two years we could reach a more decisive conclusion about Currently, the odds look good for Biden but Presi- ago when they lost the majority in the House of the odds for Biden. dent Trump still has some time to take ac- tions Representatives in the mid- term elections. Many The Democratic Party on the Coronavirus pandemic. Biden may be the foresaw this to be an indicator of future loss in the One question that you might still ask: Why would ambitious and progressive candidate, but that Presidential race. Donald Trump was impeached The nomination of former Vice-President of the the Democratic party nominate a 78-year-old ambition would amount to nothing if he fails to by the House of Representatives over allegations United States, Joe Biden was made official at the candidate instead of the chain of younger lead- win. based on a telephone call with a Ukrainian official 2020 Democratic National Convention in Milwau- ers? The answer is because Biden does not see to find dirt on Joe Biden, who was at that time, kee, Wisconsin. The same evening, the Demo- himself as the future of the Democratic Party. Aaryan Mahipal Trump’s biggest potential political rival. This move crats were joined by Republicans in criticizing He sees himself as a bridge - a bridge between Shreyansh Jindal was seen by many as one that proved to be more President Donald Trump and praising Biden’s the younger generation of Democrats who would Harsh Vikram Singh harmful to Democrats, and not Republicans as it leadership skills. This is an indication of what mature under him. This also leaves us with an es- Samanyu Raj Malik showcased Trump’s strength by continuing in the is further to come in the November Presidential sential takeaway: Regardless of whether Biden Presidential office. Furthermore, there were two Elections. Biden had been the party’s presump- serves for one term or two, he will make changes Democrats in the House of Representatives who tive nominee for months after outlasting a crowd- that may have an impact for decades going for- voted against the impeachment which exposed ed field of Democratic Presidential hopefuls in ward. fissures within the Democratic party. state-by-state primary and caucus votes, includ- ing his closest rival Bernie Sanders. Electoral polls were indicating a Republican vic- tory in the coming elections. And then came the Coronavirus. This pandemic just might have 10 Politicia Politicia 11 Welham Boys’ School Online Edition Welham Boys’ School Online Edition

All About Self Reliance- A Step Forward THIS DAY THAT YEAR At the outset, I would like to begin by saying that September 18 Aatmanirbhar Bharat my generation is the product of the previous edu- cation policy and we are doing great in life. The first 1793 US President George Washington lays Aatmanirbhar Bharat or Self-Reliant India is a wage employment per year to rural households. NEP came in 1968 and the second in 1986, under the cornerstone of the Capitol Building in term that is not novel anymore for a vast and di- There is an emphasis on firming the process of Mrs. and Mr. Rajiv Gandhi respec- Washington, D.C. verse country like India. The honorable Prime decentralization by giving a significant role to tively; the NEP of 1986 was revised in 1992 when Minister announced a special Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) in scheduling Mr. P V Narasimha Rao was Prime Minister. The 1812 Great Fire of Moscow burns out after 5 economic and comprehensive package of Rs. and implementing such schemes. This scheme third NEP was released under the Prime Minister- days, 75% of the city destroyed and 12,000 20 lakh crore, equivalent to 10 percent of India’s has helped the impoverished and the downtrod- ship of Mr. Narendra Modi. killed. GDP on May 12, 2020. Throughout India’s color- den to escape abject poverty and misery. ful and plural history, the nation has tried hard to Since 1968, there have been dramatic changes in 1976 Mao Zedong’s funeral takes place in consolidate its economic position. The time has The Directive Principles of State Policy of India the social, economic, political and technological Beijing (Chinese Revolutionary and Chairman come for India to act collectively and bring about (DPSP) are a set of guidelines enshrined in the spheres of life of an Indian. A new vision to pre- of the Communist Party). a sea change in its approach towards becoming Constitution which are expected to be followed pare a 21st-century citizen is the need of the hour. a self-reliant nation. by the state governments for the welfare of the At the conceptual level the policy looks promising 2001 First mailing of anthrax letters from Tren- people. Article 41 and Article 43 highlight the sig- as dynamics of the classroom preparedness will ton, New Jersey in the 2001 anthrax attacks. How can India achieve this challenging goal? The nificance of ‘Right to Work’. Article 41 states that change, pedagogy will be revolutionized, stream- Prime Minister has outlined five pillars of this pol- “the State shall within the limits of its economic ing will be done away with, pre-primary education 2014 Scotland votes to stay a member of the icy. This has helped the masses as well as the capacity and development, make effective provi- will get focus, assessments will become realistic, United Kingdom in an independence referen- analysts to have a clearer view of said policy. This sion for securing the right to work, to education vocational education will find its place to name a dum. first pillar is the Economy, which aims at a quan- and public assistance in cases of unemployment, few. Nevertheless, the real challenge will be at the tum leap and not incremental change. The sec- old age, sickness and disablement, and in oth- operational level as it involves human resource ond pillar is Infrastructure. This should be world er cases of undeserved want.” This means that and of course money. Perhaps, the most appeal- September 19 class and should become the identity of India, every individual is entitled to work irrespective of ing feature to me is the 4 -year Teacher Training synonymous with the modern world. The third pil- caste, creed, color, and gender. No discrimination course which will definitely improve the quality of 1881 James A. Garfield, 20th US President lar is a System based on cutting edge technology. can take place in a place of work. the human resource. Only passionate and serious (Republican: 1881), dies of a gunshot wound The fourth pillar is of a Vibrant Democracy, which candidates will enroll for this course. Hence peo- at 49. is our source of energy for a self-reliant India. The The ‘Make in India’ was an initiative launched by ple will join the noble profession of teaching after last or final pillar is Demand, through which the the Honorable PM Modi in 2014. This growing making an informed decision regarding their career 1896 Beginning of the Bombay plague epi- potential of our demand-and-supply chain should initiative aims to enhance domestic manufactur- and people will come in this profession because of demic when Dr.Acacio Gabriel Viegas detects be utilized to full capacity. These five pillars look ing and encourage investment in the country. It is ‘choice’ and not by sheer ‘chance’. Retraining the the first case in Mandvi. Goes on to spread to give our country new hopes and aspirations to being managed by the Department for Promotion existing teachers will be another task. The techno- and kill 12 million in India. work towards a better and brighter future. This of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT), Ministry of logically - advanced teachers will replace the tech- policy mainly aims to support the individual busi- Commerce and Industry, Government of India. It nologically - challenged teachers but the technol- 1984 Britain and China complete a proposed nesses during the lockdown and also prepare focuses specifically on 25 sectors including au- ogy will not replace teachers. Since education is a agreement to transfer Hong Kong to China by these businesses, especially the MSMEs (Minis- tomobile, aviation, biotechnology, chemicals, concurrent subject, both the center and the state 1997. try of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises) for construction, defense systems, food processing, governments must collaborate for its success. the post-pandemic world. IT & BPM and leather, etc. India is embracing a There is no doubt that Dr. Kasturirangan and his 2006 Thai military stages a coup in Bangkok. ‘Global to Local’ economic initiative. team did a great job in proposing to overhaul the The Constitution is revoked and martial law is Apart from these five pillars the Aatmanirbhar and education system. Still, I feel the architects of the declared. Swatantra Bharat campaign throws light on many Aatmanirbhar Bharat gives incentive to individu- policy could have attached the ‘action plan’ with aspects and means through which India can be- als who have the will and desire to take industry the policy and a timeline so as to rule out multiple September 20 come a self-reliant nation. These have been to greater heights. With the help of government interpretations by stakeholders to suit their vested carefully planned by the government and will be policies as well as contributions made by private interests. 1932 Gandhi begins hunger strike against implemented in a timely fashion in tandem with institutions and individuals like Tatas, Birlas, and treatment of untouchables. State Governments. Achieving SDGs (Sustain- Ambanis, our country can become a global man- The schools and universities cannot work in isola- able Development Goals) along with concerns ufacturing hub. Some people are also of the view tion, hence both need to understand each other’s 1979 Coup in Central African Republic as Da- for the environment, reducing caste and social that this vision will lay the foundation for India to requirements. The industrial sector and education vid Dacko overthrows Emperor Bokassa I. inequalities, evolving multifarious approaches to take a quantum leap. It is up to the citizens of this sector cannot work in isolation too because the address natural and human calamities and devel- developing country to seize this opportunity and manpower for the industry comes from the uni- 2000 The British MI6 Secret Intelligence Ser- oping scientific and technical knowledge for de- come out of their cocoons to show the world their versities. There has to be a dialogue between the vice building is attacked by a Russian-built veloping newer strategies, are some of the meth- potential by self-actualizing themselves. After the industry and university which will help to reduce Mark 22 anti-tank missile. ods through which India can achieve this goal of catastrophic tide of the Covid pandemic subsides, unemployment in the country. Lastly, the role of pri- self- sufficiency. India may emerge as a global manufacturing and vate schools in the success of NEP is imperative 2001 In an address to a joint session of Con- supply chains leader. so I am looking forward to a public-private partner- gress and the American people, US President MGNREGA (Mahatma Gandhi National Rural ship in the education sector. George W. Bush declares a ‘war on terror’. Employment Guarantee Act) was ratified in 2005 Kartik Tripathi Ms. Kiran Tripathi with the objective of guaranteeing 100 days of XII

12 Politicia Politicia 13 Welham Boys’ School Online Edition Welham Boys’ School Online Edition A Match Made in Heaven The Right Key? World democracy is battling three things cur- The Error in Implementation rently. Firstly, the Covid-19 pandemic which is “I believe the formula for success is I2T2 that Spice 2000(used during Balakot air strike) repeatedly putting the government’s decisions When one thinks about this system he/she will equals Indian talent times Israeli technology, New Spike missile under the radar. Second, the upcoming elections say, “What is wrong with it? It is allowing all the equals Israel- India ties for tomorrow” Kamikaze drones in most of the countries that will carry forward the activities that were put to a stop because of the PM of Israel Benjamin Netanyahu Integrated border management system baton of democracy ahead till the tenure of the lockdown.” The major flaw of this entire Unlock democratic leaders come to an end and, finally system is that many institutions are not being The connection between India and Israel was re- In fact, during the 1999 Kargil War, Israel helped the pressure to put everything back on track to opened like education centers, cinema halls, corded during the reign of king Solomon, 10th India by providing the Indian air force with pre- prevent another Great Economic Depression. sports centers, entertainment parks etc. The gov- century BC. The trade relations of both countries cision laser guided missiles. Even earlier in the In such matters, democracy wins if every deci- ernment is playing with the students’ futures by can be traced back to 1000 BC, during the time 1971 war, India had requested Israel to send de- sion faces some resistance, even though it may not opening the schools: not only are they stuck of Indus valley civilization and Babylon civiliza- fense equipment and Israel had asked for strong mean that the government faces criticism. It is a at online education but they are also forcing af- tion. India’s position on the establishment of the diplomatic relations in exchange. As of 2014 In- loss for democracy if there is no resistance either filiating boards such as CBSE/ICSE to reduce state of Israel was affected by many factors in- dia is the 3rd largest Asian trade partner of Is- because the majority agrees to it being okay or the curriculum. The government has imposed cluding India’s partition on the basis of religious rael. India had been supporting Palestine all this because people are not interested to raise their restrictions on all the activities where money has lines and ties with other nations. Mahatma Gan- while until in 2015, when India voted in favor of voice thinking that their opinion would not mat- to be spent and opened all those activities where dhi believed that Jews had prior claim to Isra- Israel’s resolution to deny observer status to Pal- ter. In the light of recent events, such cases have they are receiving funds. In addition to all this, in el but opposed the forming of a nation on the estinian non-governmental organization Shahed taken place in India that should not be left un- all of the guidelines, there was not a single men- basis of religion. India voted in the UN against at the ECOSOC on 6 June 2019. noticed as it may be a supportive voice for those tion of the opening of the liquor industry. Why the partitioning of Palestine in 1947 and did not who think that their opinion is not worth listening would the government not mention it in any of accept Israel’s admission into the UN in 1949. Though Indo Israel relations are strongly tied to. Before that, we need to do a detailed study the guidelines? Why would it open liquor shops India recognized Israel on 17th September 1950, through defense, both countries look forward to on the most recent policy, which is the ‘Unlock’ all across India even before the “Unlock-1”? The on which Jawaharlal Nehru said that “we would strengthening ties in various other fields. Bilater- policy. answer to it is simply because the liquor industry have recognized Israel long ago, because Isra- al trade between India and Israel has grown from has a huge share in the contribution of the Indian el is a fact. We refrained because of our desire a meager $200 million in 1992-93 to $6 billion in How did it come into being? economy. Interestingly, the liquor shops were ex- not to offend the sentiments of our friends in the 2012-13. However, since then it dipped to $4.4 cluded from the Night Curfew of the first 2 Unlock Arab countries.” In 1953 Israel was allowed to billion and had stagnated around that mark. In- On 31st May, the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) systems. open a consulate in Bombay. There was no em- dia and Israel on Thursday, 20th August, signed issued the guidelines for “Lockdown-5”, also bassy in India because the Nehru government a cultural agreement that outlines a three-year known as “Unlock-1”. This move was hailed by These are some of the unanswered questions did not want full diplomatic relations with Israel, programme of cooperation to further strengthen the government as the ‘bailout plan’ from all the which are related to the Central Government or as it supported the Palestinian cause. their strategic bilateral relations by promoting previous lockdowns to put the economy back on any of the state governments. We are right now greater people-to-people exchanges. The two track. During the 1st phase of Unlock-1, all ac- thinking about how the Unlock has benefited From 1990 onwards, the Indo-Israel relations sides have agreed to encourage the exchange tivities will be allowed outside the Containment us and how we can escape economic downfall, began to grow. In the year 1992, Prime Minister of culture and art experts, performing arts festi- Zones. From 8th June, the opening of religious but we are not thinking how this may lead to the Narashima Rao had established full diplomatic vals, plastic arts, photography and design, archi- places like temples, and mosques along with ho- downfall of the lives of many sections of society relations with Israel and hence the Israeli em- tecture, museums and exhibitions, music, dance tels, restaurants, and shopping malls will be per- across the nation. It is truly undemocratic on be- bassy was established in new and a recip- and theatre by enabling annual visits of experts, mitted. The night curfew was in place from 9.00 half of the government to not look at all of their rocal Indian Embassy was founded in Tel Aviv, artists, producers and curators. Both the coun- pm to 5.00 am throughout the country, although options correctly, and on our behalf to not to raise the capital of Israel. Relations between India and tries will be working jointly to promote the trans- some states could maximize the duration of the any voice against the injustice it may bring upon Israel have seen their ups and downs, especial- lation of contemporary prose, poetry and other curfew. Like in Uttarakhand, there was an addi- different sections of the society. It is of no use to ly during Congress rule. Under Prime Minister literary works into the languages of the other tional lockdown for the weekends. A month later do educational reforms, sign trade pacts, spend Atal Bihari Vajpayee things began to move, as side, besides supporting the participation of po- on 30th June, the MHA released the guidelines for a huge amount of sums on weapons, vehicles for his government was the first to buy the searcher ets and writers in festivals and literary events. the “Unlock-2. On 29th June, the MHA issued the defence if the government cannot seem to prior- drones from Israel. Both countries faced similar guidelines for “Unlock-3”. During this unlock rule, itize the people based on the needs in times of problems such as terrorism and regional secu- My opinion on the Indo-Israel relations are this. interstate/intrastate movement was allowed, with crisis. Just to put the economy back on track, the rity, and hence the relationship grew stronger. In- During the initial years of independence, India a permit issued by the state government/district government cannot play with the lives, talents dia is a major consumer of Israeli defense equip- didn’t accept Israel as India tried to establish administration. Almost all activities were opened and livelihoods of the people and prioritize only a ment; until now India is Israel’s second highest good relations with the Arab world, but today, as like e-commerce, non-essential markets, street small section of society. defense equipment consumer after Russia. This India has established good relations with the Ar- vendors’ stalls supplying food, vegetables, and was because the Israelis were really good at abs, we should now establish good relations with fruits. The missing part of this “Unlock-3” was Aditya Mishra making defense equipment especially defense Israel as well. And while we do this, we should the Night Curfew which was placed in the previ- XI technology. Some of the equipment bought by tackle the common concern of terror while main- ous 2 Unlock system.As recently as 29th August, India are as follows : taining a rules based global order. guidelines were issued for the 4th version of the Unlock system. “Unlock-4” strengthened the on- Searcher drones Mohak Mittal line teaching platform, besides easing other re- Long range and medium range surface to air XI strictions. missiles Falcon air defense system SPYDER

14 Politicia Politicia 15 Welham Boys’ School Online Edition Welham Boys’ School Online Edition INTELLIGENCE Agencies The Fate of Sudan

“When I was 10 years old, i fled my homeland for a referendum on independence for southern MOSSAD - Mossad Merkazi le-Modiin ule-Tafkidim Meyuhadim (Hebrew: amid the bomb blasts of civil war in Sudan” Sudan in 2011. Accordingly, during the span of “Central Institute for Intelligence and Special Operations”) - Alek Wek (Victim of War) six, the movements of SPLM were kept in check First Director - Reuven Shiloah but along the line disputes over oil, shares took Mossad is one of the three major intelligence organizations of Israel, along Sudan, officially known as the Republic of Su- place. The referendum took place and with 98% with Aman (military intelligence) and Shin Bet (internal security). The Mossad is dan is a country in North-East Africa. To throw voters in favour, the secession of South Sudan concerned with foreign intelligence gathering, intelligence analysis, and covert light on its geological factors, the country has happened on 9 July 2011. To quote John Hay- operations. Formally established in December 1949 as the Institute for Co-or- a population of around 43 million and occupies wood ‘Rome wasn’t built in a day’, so did the dination, the Mossad was the successor to the intelligence arm of the Haganah 1,886,068 square kilometres, making it Africa’s foundation of the South Sudanese government (the Jewish military force in Palestine during the British mandate period). third-largest country and also the third-largest as it went through a strong phase when the gov- in the Arab world. It was the largest country in ernment faced a coup d’etat which initiated the Africa and the Arab world by area before the South Sudan Civil War (2013-2020). A series of secession of South Sudan in 2011. The coun- events took place defining the history of the Re- try has faced of history of civil wars, mass kill- public of Sudan and the formation of the country. ings, abduction, rape etc. to achieve a utopian RAW - Research and Analysis Wing CIA - Central Intelligence Agency vision of sustainable government and in the light Apart from the ethnic conflict, the country also First Director - Rameshwar Nath Kao, First Director- Rear Adm. Sidney W. of recent events, the Sudanese government got involved with the Darfur conflict, an armed RAW is India’s most important intel- Souers has made a peace deal with the rebel groups conflict between the Sudan Liberation Move- ligence agency .The RAW’s operations CIA is the principal foreign intelligence to maintain the morality of the peace negotia- ment (SLM) and the Justice and Equality Move- are for the most part confined to and counterintelligence agency of tion within the borders. The Sudan Revolution- ment (JEM), the two rebel groups against the the Indian subcontinent, includ- the U.S. Government. The Central ary Front (SRF) was the rebel group to which government of Sudan, accused of conducting ing , Sri Lanka, and Intelligence Agency (CIA) collects, this agreement was brought into action in the actions of oppression against the Non Arab Pakistan. It also has directed evaluates, and disseminates vital city of Juba, capital of South Sudan and is to be community in the Darfur region. The govern- efforts in the United States information on economic, military, believed a fruitful result of the long-running talks ment retaliated by initiating a war against the aimed at influencing the gov- political, scientific, and other de- since late 2019. ethnic group resulting in mass killing, genocide, ernment’s foreign policy. The velopments abroad to safeguard war crimes, and crimes against humanity. The agency’s national security. To mark the beginning of the fabrication and wit- 2006 Darfur Peace Agreement was brought up primary Formally cre- nessing of a series of peace agreements, the but ultimately led to failure as both the parties function is gathering foreign ated in 1947, the Central Intel- breaking out of the First and Second Sundanese failed to adhere to the clauses in the agreement, intelligence, counter-terrorism, ligence Agency (CIA) grew out of Civil War carved out the first golden stone from and side then a series of the agreement has counter-proliferation, advising the World War II Office of Strate- the year 1955 to 2005. The difference in the per- been brought up and participation of internation- Indian policymakers, and ad- gic Services (OSS). Previous U.S. ception was between the North and South parts al community has been taking place to make the vancing India’s foreign strategic intelligence and counterintelligence of Sudan with the letter demanding for an auton- country more stable but the result has been in- interests. It is also involved in efforts had been conducted by the omous region. During the span of the first civil clined towards the questioning the instability of the security of India’s nuclear military and the Federal Bureau war which lasted from 1955-1972 years, more the government. The latest Sudan Peace Deal programme. Many foreign analysts of Investigation (FBI) and suffered from than half a million people died along with the im- occurred in February 2020 assuming to be the consider the RAW to be an effective or- duplication, competition, and lack of perfection that was caused from it when the first final agreement covering key issues such as se- ganisation and identify it as one of the coordination, problems that continued, to peace agreement was brought up. The failure curity, land ownership, transitional justice, pow- primary instruments of India’s national some degree, into the 21st century. of the first peace agreement and the violation er-sharing, and the return of people who fled power. of the Addis Ababa Oil Agreement between the their homes because of war resume talks about North and the South gave birth to the Second the future of Darfur and the Blue Nile region at Civil War from 1983-2005 as it was largely in the a final stage and according to the experts wit- perpetuation of the First Civil War. The antago- nessing the events this might change the face of nism existed between the Central Government Sudan and that this deal will mark the beginning GCHQ - Government Communications Headquarters of Sudan and the Sudan People’s Liberation of coming to a common consensus amongst the First Director - Alastair Denniston Army, a rebel group originated from the south rebel groups, posing no threat shortly in power- GCHQ is a world-leading intelligence, cyber and security agency with a mission part of the country demanding to reestablish an sharing. to keep the UK safe. Its mission areas include Counter Terrorism (Stopping ter- autonomous region i.e. South Sudan. The war rorist attacks in the UK and against its interests overseas ), Cyber Security (Ma- cost around the death of two million people with Varad Venkat king the UK the safest place to live and do business online), Strategic Advanta- the displacement of four million people from XII ge (Managing the threats from hostile states, promoting the UK’s prosperity and South Sudan and was brought to an end by the shaping the international environment), Serious & Organised Crime (Reducing drafting of the Comprehensive Peace Agree- the social and financial harm that serious and organised crime causes to the ment also known as the Naivasha Agreement. UK ) and Support to Defence (Protecting Defence personnel and assets and The CPA called for the withdrawal of northern supporting an integrated approach to war fighting ). The GCHQ specializes in troops from the south, national elections, a electronic surveillance and cryptology. Its operations are conducted from the census and the sharing of oil revenues. It also Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ) at Cheltenham. called for power-sharing, and it set a timetable

16 Politicia Politicia 17 Welham Boys’ School Online Edition Welham Boys’ School Online Edition Pranab Mukherjee : An Obituary

highlights from his tenure include his contribution to improving government finances which helped in returning the last instalment of a loan Gandhi’s government had taken from the International Monetary Fund. Even under the government of P. V. Narasimha Rao, he served as the deputy chairman of the Indian Planning Commission and then, the External Affairs Minister for a year. Perhaps, the most successful phase of his ca- reer was under Manmohan Singh. He had the distinction of being the minister for various high- profile ministries, including Defense, Finance, and External Affairs. Apart from being Leader of the House in the Lok Sabha, he also held the of- fice as president of the West Bengal Congress. Mukherjee was declared ‘Finance Minister of the On 31 August 2020, at 84 years old, former year’ for Asia in 2010 by “Emerging Markets” president Pranab Mukherjee passed away. Shri as he helped India recover from the recession Pranab Mukherjee was one of the most influen- of 2008. As external affairs minister, he played tial politicians who played a major role in vari- a key role in signing of the India-US Civil Nu- ous policies. Having held portfolios in three para- clear Agreement. On 25 July 2012, Shri Pranab mount ministries - finance, external affairs and Mukherjee was sworn-in as the President of In- defense, he was one of the greatest leaders our dia, the first Bengali to hold the distinction. The nation has seen. He was also a recipient of hon- President also created a record by becoming the ors like Padma Vibhushan, Bangladesh libera- first head of state to teach school children which tion war honor, National Order of the Ivory Coast showed his vision for educating the youth and and the Bharat Ratna. the unprivileged. Born on 11 December 1935 in Mirati, Bengal As president, Mukherjee stressed on the sig- Presidency (now Bengal) he was the son of nificance of technology, innovation and en- Kamada Kinkar Mukherjee, a member of the ergy efficiency. He launched initiatives such as West Bengal Legislative Council and Rajalak- ‘E- Pustakalaya’ and ‘Smartgram’ to improve shmi Mukherjee. He had an elder sister Late An- education in rural areas and open digital librar- napurna Banerjee and an older brother Piyush ies. The ’s Twitter account Mukherjee. After attending Suri Vidyasagar Col- also commenced as a step to directly connect lege in Suri, he earned an MA degree in political with the public. He believed in transparency and science and history and an LL.B. degree, both honesty between the government and the pub- from the University of Calcutta. Before entering lic. Shri Pranab Mukherjee served as the 13th politics, he was a lecturer of Political Science at President of India until 2017 and was awarded Vidyanagar College, and also worked as India’s highest civilian honor, the Bharat Ratna, a journalist at Desher Dak (Call of the Mother- in 2019, by his successor, Ram Nath Kovind. On land). This is where he developed an attachment the personal front, he married Suvra Mukherjee to the country and a desire to contribute to its and has three children. Mukherjee is described growth. to be a simple man who enjoyed long walks. To date, many politicians believe that India would Subsequently, Mukherjee started his political ca- have achieved greater heights, had he been the reer as a founding member of the Bangla Con- Prime Minister. He was cremated in , gress. He handled the by-election campaign of on 1 September, with full state honors. He con- V. K. Krishna Menon. In July 1969 on a Bangla tributed to the development of the country with- Congress ticket, he entered the Rajya Sabha for out demanding recognition. May his memory live the first time. Then followed the merger of the on forever in our hearts! Indian National Congress and the Bangla Con- gress in 1972. He participated actively during the Arnav Goel controversial Internal Emergency and was later X appointed Leader of the Rajya Sabha from the INC. Shri Pranab Mukherjee rose to become Fi- nance Minister from 1982 to 1984. Some notable

18 Politicia Welham Boys’ School Online Edition Welham Boys’ School Online Edition

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