DOCSLIB.ORG

Enhancing Multi-Document Summarization Using Concepts

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Enhancing Multi-Document Summarization Using Concepts Sådhanå (2018) 43:27 Ó Indian Academy of Sciences https://doi.org/10.1007/s12046-018-0789-ySadhana(0123456789().,-volV)FT3](0123456789().,-volV) Enhancing multi-document summarization using concepts PATTABHI R K RAO* and S LALITHA DEVI* AU-KBC Research Centre, MIT Campus of Anna University, Chennai 600044, India e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] MS received 21 November 2016; revised 12 May 2017; accepted 19 June 2017; published online 10 March 2018 Abstract. In this paper we propose a methodology to mine concepts from documents and use these concepts to generate an objective summary of all relevant documents. We use the conceptual graph (CG) formalism as proposed by Sowa to represent the concepts and their relationships in the documents. In the present work we have modified and extended the definition of the concept given by Sowa. The modified and extended definition is discussed in detail in section 2 of this paper. A CG of a set of relevant documents can be considered as a semantic network. The semantic network is generated by automatically extracting CG for each document and merging them into one. We discuss (i) generation of semantic network using CGs and (ii) generation of multi- document summary. Here we use restricted Boltzmann machines, a deep learning technique, for automatically extracting CGs. We have tested our methodology using MultiLing 2015 corpus. We have obtained encouraging results, which are comparable to those from the state of the art systems. Keywords. Concept mining; text mining; multi-document summarization; machine learning; restricted Boltzmann machines; MultiLing 2015 dataset. 1. Introduction concept is also very important. Identification of concepts provides us a proper understanding of texts, helps in Today, with the advancement of technology, there is an understanding relationships and gives a semantic repre- explosion of data available on web. Earlier the content had sentation of the text. We observe in the literature that the to be generated by the publishing houses. However, now traditional methods to identify concepts have been through with easy access to internet, the users themselves are able to the use of thesaurus such as WordNet, dictionaries or generate content using blogs, micro-blogs such as Facebook lexicons. and Twitter. Thus, there is a great need for mining the web There are various methods for summarizing a text and and extracting relevant information. To automatically we find that concept-based summarization will be more identify the relevant information, semantically driven semantically driven and gives cohesion to the summary mining methods are necessary. One such method where automatically generated. ‘‘A summarizer is a system semantic relation can be utilized in mining is the concept- whose goal is to produce a condensed representation of based mining where conceptual graph (CG) formalism is the content of its input for human consumption’’ [1]. In used to determine the concept and its relations. Here the most of the methods used for automated summary gen- underlying concepts have to be identified and they in turn eration, the end result is a collection of sentences that do are used for mining the relevant data. The concept thus not have connectivity of topic, or we can say the cohesion obtained could be used for various applications such as of the text is not present. We are trying to bring in this Information retrieval, extraction, database creation, to cohesion to the summary through the CG-based generate summaries, etc. summarization. Concept mining is the task of extracting the concepts Automated summarization is an important area of embedded in the text document and concept is a repre- research in NLP, which uses data mining technology. One sentation of an idea or entity. A concept can be either a of the popularly known earliest works on text summa- word or phrase and is totally dependent on the semantics of rization is by Luhn [2]. He proposed that frequency of a the sentence. Thus, identification of concepts from text word in articles provides a useful measure of its signifi- documents involves aspects of artificial intelligence such as cance. Significance factor was derived at sentence level natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning. and top ranking sentences were selected to form the auto- Concept mining is a non-trivial task and what constitutes a abstract. A variety of automated summarization schemes have been proposed in the last decade. NeATS [3]isan *For correspondence 1 27 Page 2 of 11 Sådhanå (2018) 43:27 approach based on sentence position, term frequency, v. CGs are scalable and can be adopted for any language. topic signature and term clustering, and MEAD [4]isa Though here in this work we have demonstrated using centroid-based approach. Iterative graph-based ranking English, they can be used for any language from any algorithms, such as Kleinberg’ s HITS algorithm [5] and language family. Google’s Page- Rank [6], have been traditionally and vi. This is one of the first works to fully, automatically successfully used in web-link analysis, social networks extract CGs using one of the deep learning and more recently in text processing applications. Erkan algorithms. and Radav [7], Mihalcea [8], Mihalcea and Tarau [9] and This paper is organized as follows. In the next sub-section, Mihalcea et al.[10] have been proposed for single-docu- we describe briefly the background of CGs. Section 2 ment summary generation. Multi-document summarization is the process of filtering describes our modification and extension of concept defi- important information from a set of documents to produce a nitions used to facilitate our work. The methodology and condensed version for particular users and applications. It our approach are described in detail in section 3. In sec- can be viewed as an extension of single-document sum- tion 4, we describe the experiments and their results. Sec- marization. Issues like redundancy, novelty, coverage, tion 5 concludes the paper. temporal relatedness, compression ratio, etc., are more prominent in multi-document summarization [4]. MEAD is a multi-document summarization system. MEAD is a large 1.1 Background of CG scale extractive system that works in a general domain. A CG is a graph representation of logic based on the SUMMONS [11] is an abstractive system that works in a semantic networks of artificial intelligence and existential strict domain, and relies on template-driven Information graphs of Charles Sanders Peirce. John Sowa states the Extraction (IE) technology and Natural Language Genera- purpose of CGs as follws: ‘‘to express meaning in a form tion (NLG) tools. Virendra and Tanveer [12] propose a that is logically precise, human readable and computa- multi-document summarization system that uses sentence tionally tractable’’ [13]. Mathematically, a CG is a bipartite, clustering. It initially identifies summaries on single docu- directed, finite graph; each node in the graph is either a ments and then combines single-document summaries concept node or relation node. Concept node represents using sentence clustering. entities, attributes, states and events, and relation node Earlier works demonstrate that in the multi-document shows how the concepts are interconnected. A node (con- summarization, methods are used to combine single-docu- cept or relation) has two associated values: a type and a ment summaries to form multi-document summary. How- referent or marker; a referent can be either a single generic ever, a more intuitive methodology would be to process the referent or an individual referent. Thus a CG consists of a multiple documents as one set collectively and develop a set of concept types and a set of relation types. coherent and semantic summary. In this work we propose A CG is represented mainly in two forms, viz., (i) display such a methodology, where multiple documents are col- form and ii) linear form. The display form uses the tradi- lectively considered for generating a summary. And for this tional graph form, where concept nodes are represented by we use the CG formalism. rectangular boxes and relation nodes are represented by We propose an algorithm that forms a semantic network ovals. In the linear form, concepts are represented by square of all the documents in the set. From this semantic network, brackets and relation nodes are represented using paren- we form a summary for the set of documents. The semantic thesis. To represent these graphs internally in the computer network is generated using CG. system we use a list data structure consisting of triplet value The major contributions of this work are as follows: (c1, c2, r), where c1 is concept one, c2 is concept two and r i) We have used CGs, which is semantic knowledge is the relationship between the concepts c1 and c2. This representation formalism. triplet structure can be again represented using traditional ii) We have modified and extended the definition given by matrix representation, which is currently followed by Sowa [13]. We discuss in detail what constitutes a information systems. The following example gives more concept and how concepts are formed in section 1.1 of insight into CGs. this paper. Example 1: English sentence: ‘‘Marie hit the piggy bank iii) We mine the concepts and their relationships and with a hammer.’’ develop a CG completely by automated means. All the Figure 1 shows the CG for the example 1 sentence. The earlier works in literature have used partial automation concepts are ‘‘Marie’’, ‘‘Hit’’, ‘‘Hammer’’ and ‘‘the piggy for the development of CGs. bank’’; these concepts are connected by the relationships iv) The formalism of CGs helps in generating an abstractive ‘‘agent’’, ‘‘instrument’’ and ‘‘patient’’, respectively. From summary. Most of the earlier works are extractive the graph we can infer the following: the subject ‘‘Marie’’ summaries. Those that have generated abstractive sum- ‘‘hit’’ the object ‘‘piggy bank’’ using the instrument mary are not scalable, as they use a rule-based approach.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Formal Concept Analysis in Knowledge Processing: a Survey on Applications ⇑ Jonas Poelmans A,C, , Dmitry I
    Expert Systems with Applications 40 (2013) 6538–6560 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Expert Systems with Applications journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/eswa Review Formal concept analysis in knowledge processing: A survey on applications ⇑ Jonas Poelmans a,c, , Dmitry I. Ignatov c, Sergei O. Kuznetsov c, Guido Dedene a,b a KU Leuven, Faculty of Business and Economics, Naamsestraat 69, 3000 Leuven, Belgium b Universiteit van Amsterdam Business School, Roetersstraat 11, 1018 WB Amsterdam, The Netherlands c National Research University Higher School of Economics, Pokrovsky boulevard, 11, 109028 Moscow, Russia article info abstract Keywords: This is the second part of a large survey paper in which we analyze recent literature on Formal Concept Formal concept analysis (FCA) Analysis (FCA) and some closely related disciplines using FCA. We collected 1072 papers published Knowledge discovery in databases between 2003 and 2011 mentioning terms related to Formal Concept Analysis in the title, abstract and Text mining keywords. We developed a knowledge browsing environment to support our literature analysis process. Applications We use the visualization capabilities of FCA to explore the literature, to discover and conceptually repre- Systematic literature overview sent the main research topics in the FCA community. In this second part, we zoom in on and give an extensive overview of the papers published between 2003 and 2011 which applied FCA-based methods for knowledge discovery and ontology engineering in various application domains. These domains include software mining, web analytics, medicine, biology and chemistry data. Ó 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction mining, i.e. gaining insight into source code with FCA.
    [Show full text]
  • Concept Maps Mining for Text Summarization
    UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO ESPÍRITO SANTO CENTRO TECNOLÓGICO DEPARTAMENTO DE INFORMÁTICA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM INFORMÁTICA Camila Zacché de Aguiar Concept Maps Mining for Text Summarization VITÓRIA-ES, BRAZIL March 2017 Camila Zacché de Aguiar Concept Maps Mining for Text Summarization Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Informática da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, como requisito parcial para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Informática. Orientador (a): Davidson CurY Co-orientador: Amal Zouaq VITÓRIA-ES, BRAZIL March 2017 Dados Internacionais de Catalogação-na-publicação (CIP) (Biblioteca Setorial Tecnológica, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, ES, Brasil) Aguiar, Camila Zacché de, 1987- A282c Concept maps mining for text summarization / Camila Zacché de Aguiar. – 2017. 149 f. : il. Orientador: Davidson Cury. Coorientador: Amal Zouaq. Dissertação (Mestrado em Informática) – Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Centro Tecnológico. 1. Informática na educação. 2. Processamento de linguagem natural (Computação). 3. Recuperação da informação. 4. Mapas conceituais. 5. Sumarização de Textos. 6. Mineração de dados (Computação). I. Cury, Davidson. II. Zouaq, Amal. III. Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo. Centro Tecnológico. IV. Título. CDU: 004 “Most of the fundamental ideas of science are essentially simple, and may, as a rule, be expressed in a language comprehensible to everyone.” Albert Einstein 4 Acknowledgments I would like to thank the manY people who have been with me over the years and who have contributed in one way or another to the completion of this master’s degree. Especially my advisor, Davidson Cury, who in a constructivist way disoriented me several times as a stimulus to the search for new answers.
    [Show full text]
  • Empowering Video Storytellers: Concept Discovery and Annotation for Large Audio-Video-Text Archives
    Empowering Video Storytellers: Concept Discovery and Annotation for Large Audio-Video-Text Archives A large amount of video content is available and stored by broadcasters, libraries and other enterprises. However, the lack of effective and efficient tools for searching and retrieving has prevented video becoming a major value asset. Much work has been done for retrieving video information from constrained structured domains, such as news and sports, but general solutions for unstructured audio-video-language intensive content are missing. Our goal is to transform the multimedia archive into an organized and searchable asset so that human efforts can focus on a more important aspect - storytelling. This project involves a cross- disciplinary effort towards development of new techniques for organizing, summarizing, and question answering over audio-video-language intensive content, such as raw documentary footage. Such domains offer the full range of real-world situations and events, manifested with interaction of rich multimedia information. The team includes investigators from Schools of Engineering and Applied Science, Journalism, and Arts. It has extensive experience and deep expertise in analysis of multimedia information - video, audio, and language - as well as broad experience with professional documentary film production and interactive media designs. The project includes two major content partners, WITNESS and WNET, both providing unique video archives, well-defined application domains and user communities. In particular, WITNESS collects and manages a documentary video archive from activists all over the world to support the promotion of human rights. This archive has several important qualities: it is diverse (including interviews, documentation of events, and ‘hidden camera’ reporting), it is relatively ‘raw’ (shot by semi-professional operators), it has been shot for specific purposes (e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • Technical Phrase Extraction for Patent Mining: a Multi-Level Approach
    2020 IEEE International Conference on Data Mining (ICDM) Technical Phrase Extraction for Patent Mining: A Multi-level Approach Ye Liu, Han Wu, Zhenya Huang, Hao Wang, Jianhui Ma, Qi Liu, Enhong Chen*, Hanqing Tao, Ke Rui Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Big Data Analysis and Application, School of Data Science & School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China {liuyer, wuhanhan, wanghao3, hqtao, kerui}@mail.ustc.edu.cn, {huangzhy, jianhui, qiliuql, cheneh}@ustc.edu.cn Abstract—Recent years have witnessed a booming increase of TABLE I: Technical Phrases vs. Non-technical Phrases patent applications, which provides an open chance for revealing Domain Technical phrase Non-technical phrase the inner law of innovation, but in the meantime, puts forward Electricity wireless communication, wire and cable, TV sig- higher requirements on patent mining techniques. Considering netcentric computer service nal, power plug Mechanical fluid leak detection, power building materials, steer that patent mining highly relies on patent document analysis, Engineering transmission column, seat back this paper makes a focused study on constructing a technology portrait for each patent, i.e., to recognize technical phrases relevant works have been explored on phrase extraction. Ac- concerned in it, which can summarize and represent patents cording to the extraction target, they can be divided into Key from a technology angle. To this end, we first give a clear Phrase Extraction [8], Named Entity Recognition (NER) [9] and detailed description about technical phrases in patents and Concept Extraction [10]. Key Phrase Extraction aims to based on various prior works and analyses. Then, combining characteristics of technical phrases and multi-level structures extract phrases that provide a concise summary of a document, of patent documents, we develop an Unsupervised Multi-level which prefers those both frequently-occurring and closed to Technical Phrase Extraction (UMTPE) model.
    [Show full text]
  • Information Extraction in Text Mining Matt Ulinsm Western Washington University
    Western Washington University Western CEDAR Computer Science Graduate and Undergraduate Computer Science Student Scholarship 2008 Information extraction in text mining Matt ulinsM Western Washington University Follow this and additional works at: https://cedar.wwu.edu/computerscience_stupubs Part of the Computer Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Mulins, Matt, "Information extraction in text mining" (2008). Computer Science Graduate and Undergraduate Student Scholarship. 4. https://cedar.wwu.edu/computerscience_stupubs/4 This Research Paper is brought to you for free and open access by the Computer Science at Western CEDAR. It has been accepted for inclusion in Computer Science Graduate and Undergraduate Student Scholarship by an authorized administrator of Western CEDAR. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Information Extraction in Text Mining Matt Mullins Computer Science Department Western Washington University Bellingham, WA [email protected] Information Extraction in Text Mining Matt Mullins Computer Science Department Western Washington University Bellingham, WA [email protected] ABSTRACT Text mining’s goal, simply put, is to derive information from text. Using multitudes of technologies from overlapping fields like Data Mining and Natural Language Processing we can yield knowledge from our text and facilitate other processing. Information Extraction (IE) plays a large part in text mining when we need to extract this data. In this survey we concern ourselves with general methods borrowed from other fields, with lower-level NLP techniques, IE methods, text representation models, and categorization techniques, and with specific implementations of some of these methods. Finally, with our new understanding of the field we can discuss a proposal for a system that combines WordNet, Wikipedia, and extracted definitions and concepts from web pages into a user-friendly search engine designed for topic- specific knowledge.
    [Show full text]
  • Concept Mining: a Conceptual Understanding Based Approach
    Concept Mining: A Conceptual Understanding based Approach by Shady Shehata A thesis presented to the University of Waterloo in ful¯llment of the thesis requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Electrical and Computer Engineering Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 2009 °c Shady Shehata 2009 I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. This is a true copy of the thesis, including any required ¯nal revisions, as accepted by my examiners. I understand that my thesis may be made electronically available to the public. ii Abstract Due to the daily rapid growth of the information, there are considerable needs to extract and discover valuable knowledge from data sources such as the World Wide Web. Most of the common techniques in text mining are based on the statistical analysis of a term either word or phrase. These techniques consider documents as bags of words and pay no attention to the meanings of the document content. In addition, statistical analysis of a term frequency captures the importance of the term within a document only. However, two terms can have the same frequency in their documents, but one term contributes more to the meaning of its sentences than the other term. Therefore, there is an intensive need for a model that captures the meaning of linguistic utterances in a formal structure. The underlying model should indicate terms that capture the semantics of text. In this case, the model can capture terms that present the concepts of the sentence, which leads to discover the topic of the document. A new concept-based model that analyzes terms on the sentence, document and corpus levels rather than the traditional analysis of document only is introduced.
    [Show full text]
  • A User-Centered Concept Mining System for Query and Document Understanding at Tencent
    A User-Centered Concept Mining System for Query and Document Understanding at Tencent Bang Liu1∗, Weidong Guo2∗, Di Niu1, Chaoyue Wang2 Shunnan Xu2, Jinghong Lin2, Kunfeng Lai2, Yu Xu2 1University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada 2Platform and Content Group, Tencent, Shenzhen, China ABSTRACT ACM Reference Format: 1∗ 2∗ 1 2 2 Concepts embody the knowledge of the world and facilitate the Bang Liu , Weidong Guo , Di Niu , Chaoyue Wang and Shunnan Xu , Jinghong Lin2, Kunfeng Lai2, Yu Xu2. 2019. A User-Centered Concept Min- cognitive processes of human beings. Mining concepts from web ing System for Query and Document Understanding at Tencent. In The documents and constructing the corresponding taxonomy are core 25th ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining research problems in text understanding and support many down- (KDD ’19), August 4–8, 2019, Anchorage, AK, USA. ACM, New York, NY, USA, stream tasks such as query analysis, knowledge base construction, 11 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3292500.3330727 recommendation, and search. However, we argue that most prior studies extract formal and overly general concepts from Wikipedia or static web pages, which are not representing the user perspective. 1 INTRODUCTION In this paper, we describe our experience of implementing and de- The capability of conceptualization is a critical ability in natural ploying ConcepT in Tencent QQ Browser. It discovers user-centered language understanding and is an important distinguishing factor concepts at the right granularity conforming to user interests, by that separates a human being from the current dominating machine mining a large amount of user queries and interactive search click intelligence based on vectorization.
    [Show full text]
  • Unsupervised Extraction and Clustering of Key Phrases from Scientific Publications
    Unsupervised Extraction and Clustering of Key Phrases from Scientific Publications Xiajing Li Uppsala University Department of Linguistics and Philology Master Programme in Language Technology Master’s Thesis in Language Technology, 30 ects credits September 25, 2020 Supervisors: Dr. Fredrik Wahlberg, Uppsala University Dr. Marios Daoutis, Ericsson AB Abstract Mapping a research domain can be of great signicance for understanding and structuring the state-of-art of a research area. Standard techniques for system- atically reviewing scientic literature entail extensive selection and intensive reading of manuscripts, a laborious and time consuming process performed by human experts. Researchers have spent eorts on automating methods in one or more sub-tasks of reviewing process. The main challenge of this work lies in the gap in semantic understanding of text and background domain knowledge. In this thesis we investigate the possibility of extracting keywords from scien- tic abstracts in an automated way. We intended to use the categories of these keywords to form a basis of a classication scheme in the context of systemati- cally mapping studies. We propose a framework by joint unsupervised keyphrase extraction and semantic keyphrase clustering. Specically, we (1) explore the eect of domain relevance and phrase quality measures in keyphrase extraction; (2) explore the eect of knowledge graph based word embedding in embedding rep- resentation of phrase semantics; (3) explore the eect of clustering for grouping semantically related keyphrases. Experiments are conducted on a dataset of publications pertaining the do- main of "Explainable Articial Intelligence (XAI)”. We further test the perfor- mance of clustering using terms and labels from publicly available academic taxonomies and keyword databases.
    [Show full text]
  • Alicoco: Alibaba E-Commerce Cognitive Concept
    AliCoCo: Alibaba E-commerce Cognitive Concept Net Xusheng Luo∗ Luxin Liu, Le Bo, Yuanpeng Cao, Alibaba Group, Hangzhou, China Jinhang Wu, Qiang Li [email protected] Alibaba Group, Hangzhou, China Yonghua Yang, Keping Yang Kenny Q. Zhu Alibaba Group, Hangzhou, China Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China ABSTRACT 1 INTRODUCTION One of the ultimate goals of e-commerce platforms is to One major functionality of e-commerce platforms is to match satisfy various shopping needs for their customers. Much the shopping need of a customer to a small set of items from efforts are devoted to creating taxonomies or ontologies in an enormous candidate set. With the rapid developments e-commerce towards this goal. However, user needs in e- of search engine and recommender system, customers are commerce are still not well defined, and none of the existing able to quickly find those items they need. However, the ontologies has the enough depth and breadth for universal experience is still far from “intelligent”. One significant rea- user needs understanding. The semantic gap in-between pre- son is that there exists a huge semantic gap between what vents shopping experience from being more intelligent. In users need in their mind and how the items are organized this paper, we propose to construct a large-scale e-commerce in e-commerce platforms. The taxonomy to organize items Cognitive Concept net named “AliCoCo”, which is prac- in Alibaba (actually almost every e-commerce platforms) is ticed in Alibaba, the largest Chinese e-commerce platform generally based on CPV (Category-Property-Value): thou- in the world.
    [Show full text]
  • Unsupervised Concept Hierarchy Learning: a Topic Modeling Guided Approach V
    Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia Computer Science 89 ( 2016 ) 386 – 394 Twelfth International Multi-Conference on Information Processing-2016 (IMCIP-2016) Unsupervised Concept Hierarchy Learning: A Topic Modeling Guided Approach V. S. Anoopa,∗,S.Asharafa and P. Deepakb aIndian Institute of Information Technology and Management, Kerala (IIITM-K), Thiruvananthapuram, India bQueen’s University Belfast, UK Abstract This paper proposes an efficient and scalable method for concept extraction and concept hierarchy learning from large unstructured text corpus which is guided by a topic modeling process. The method leverages “concepts” from statistically discovered “topics” and then learns a hierarchy of those concepts by exploiting a subsumption relation between them. Advantage of the proposed method is that the entire process falls under the unsupervised learning paradigm thus the use of a domain specific training corpus can be eliminated. Given a massive collection of text documents, the method maps topics to concepts by some lightweight statistical and linguistic processes and then probabilistically learns the subsumption hierarchy. Extensive experiments with large text corpora such as BBC News dataset and Reuters News corpus shows that our proposed method outperforms some of the existing methods for concept extraction and efficient concept hierarchy learning is possible if the overall task is guided by a topic modeling process. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license Peer-review under responsibility of organizing committee of the Twelfth International Multi-Conference on Information (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
    [Show full text]
  • Generating Word and Document Embeddings for Sentiment Analysis
    Generating Word and Document Embeddings for Sentiment Analysis Cem Rıfkı Aydın, Tunga Gung¨ or¨ and Ali Erkan Bogazic¸i˘ University Computer Engineering Department Bebek, Istanbul, Turkey, 34342 [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Abstract. Sentiments of words differ from one corpus to another. Inducing gen- eral sentiment lexicons for languages and using them cannot, in general, produce meaningful results for different domains. In this paper, we combine contextual and supervised information with the general semantic representations of words occurring in the dictionary. Contexts of words help us capture the domain-specific information and supervised scores of words are indicative of the polarities of those words. When we combine supervised features of words with the features extracted from their dictionary definitions, we observe an increase in the suc- cess rates. We try out the combinations of contextual, supervised, and dictionary- based approaches, and generate original vectors. We also combine the word2vec approach with hand-crafted features. We induce domain-specific sentimental vec- tors for two corpora, which are the movie domain and the Twitter datasets in Turkish. When we thereafter generate document vectors and employ the support vector machines method utilising those vectors, our approaches perform better than the baseline studies for Turkish with a significant margin. We evaluated our models on two English corpora as well and these also outperformed the word2vec approach. It shows that our approaches are cross-domain and portable to other languages. Keywords: Sentiment Analysis, Opinion Mining, Word Embeddings, Machine Learning 1 Introduction Sentiment analysis has recently been one of the hottest topics in natural language pro- arXiv:2001.01269v2 [cs.CL] 7 Dec 2020 cessing (NLP).
    [Show full text]
  • A Survey of Building a Reverse Dictionary
    Jincy A K et al, / (IJCSIT) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technologies, Vol. 5 (6) , 2014, 7727-7728 A Survey of Building a Reverse Dictionary Jincy A K, Sindhu L Department of Computer Science& Engg,College Of Engineering, Cochin university of science and Technology, Poonjar,Kottayam,kerala,India Abstract- A reverse dictionary takes as input a phrase or II. GENERAL TECHNIQUE a sentence describing a concept, and returns a set of The different steps for the implementation of reverse candidate words that satisfy the meaning of the input dictionary includes lexical analysis, elimination of stop phrase. This paper presents a literature survey words, stemming, pos tagging, concept mapping, building regarding the design and implementation of a reverse the reverse mapping set, querying the reverse mapping set, dictionary. The reverse dictionary identifies a ranking candidate words, term similarity... concept/idea/definition to words and phrases used to describe that concept. It has significant application for A. Stemming those who work closely with words and also in the Stemming is the process of finding the root word of a general field of conceptual search. Mainly for linguists, word contained in a given phrase. Normally stemming is poets, anthropologists and forensics specialist accomplished by means of porter stemmer but studies examining a damaged text that had only the final proved that it has certain drawbacks portion of a particular word preserved. B. POS Tagging Part-Of-Speech Tagging is the process of assigning parts Keywords- Thesaurus, Stemming, Pos Tagging, Concept of speech to each word (and other token), such as noun, Mining verb, adjective, etc.
    [Show full text]