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Participatory Policy Development for the Lowland Rainfed Rice-Based Farming Systems Towards Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development

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Participatory Policy Development for the Lowland Rainfed Rice-Based Farming Systems Towards Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development 2 Participatory Policy Development for the Lowland Rainfed Rice-Based Farming Systems Towards Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development A Case Study of Nueva Ecija, Philippines Asian NGO Coalition for Agrarian Reform and Rural Development (ANGOC) Central Luzon State University (CLSU) Farming Systems and Soil Resources Institute, University of the Philippines, Los Banos (FSSRI-UPLB) Philippine Council for Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Resources Research and Development (PCARRD) Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO-UN) Quezon City, Philippines October 2005 3 Published by the Asian NGO Coalition for Agrarian Reform and Rural Development (ANGOC), 2005. Cover Art: Troy Dilidili Layout: Eisen Villanueva Printing: EMILUZ Citation: Participatory Policy Development for the Lowland Rainfed Rice-Based Farming Systems Towards Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development: A Case Study on Nueva Ecija, Philippines, Asian NGO Coalition for Agrarian Reform and Rural Development (ANGOC), Quezon City, Philippines, October 2005. 4 Prepared by SARD-FSE Research Team Mr. Antonio B. Quizon (Team Leader) Dr. Danilo S. Vargas (Team Leader) Dr. Marideth Bravo Dr. Arnulfo G. Garcia Dr. Florentino C. Monsalud Dr. Digna Orduna - Manzanilla Mr. Roel R. Ravanera Dr. Beatriz del Rosario Ms. Ma.Teresa S.Agarrado Asian NGO Coalition for Agrarian Reform and Rural Development (ANGOC) Central Luzon State University (CLSU) Farming Systems and Soil Resources Institute, University of the Philippines, Los Baños (FSSRI-UPLB) Philippine Council for Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Resources Research and Development (PCARRD) Submitted to Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO-UN) Quezon City, Philippines 5 List of Abbreviations AFMA – Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act ANGOC – Asian NGO Coalition for Agrarian Reform and Rural Development ARCs – Agrarian Reform Communities BAS – Bureau of Agricultural Statistics BSWM – Bureau of Soils and Water Management CARP – Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program CLOA – Certificate of Land Ownership Award CLSU – Central Luzon State University CLT – Certificate of Land Transfer CSOs – Civil Society Organizations DA – Department of Agriculture DAR - Department of Agrarian Reform DENR – Department of Environment and Natural Resources DOST – Department of Science and Technology EP – Emancipation Patent FAO – Food and Agriculture Organization FAO-Manila - Food and Agriculture Organization Manila Office FGDs – Focused Group Discussions FPA – Fertilizer Pesticide Authority FS – Farming systems FSSRI-UPLB – Farming Systems and Soil Resources Institute, University of the Philippines, Los Baños GAP – Gintong Ani Program GDP – Gross Domestic Product GNP – Gross National Product GO – Government organization GPEP – Grains Production Enhancement Program GVA – Gross Value Added Ha - Hectare HDI – Human Development Index IPM – Integrated Pest Management IRRI – International Rice Research Institute KIIs – Key Informant Interviews LEISA – Low External Input on Sustainable Agriculture LGC – Local Government Code LGU – Local Government Unit MTPDP – Medium Term Philippine Development Plan NEDA – National Economic and Development Authority NFA – National Food Authority NGA – National Grains Authority NGO – Non-government organization NIA – National Irrigation Administration NSCB – National Statistics and Census Board NSO- National Statistics Office NWRB – National Water Resources Board PA 21 – Philppine Agenda 21 PCARRRD – Philippine Council for Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Resources Research and Development PCSD – Philippine Council for Sustainable Development PhlRICE – Philippine Rice Research Institute PRRM - Philipppine Rural Reconstruction Movement PSC – Project Steering Committee PSSD – Philippine Strategy for Sustainable Development RPEP – Rice Productivity Enhancement Program 6 RT – Research Team SA – Sustainable Agriculture SARD – Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development SARD-FSE - Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development-Farming Systems Evolution SEARCA – South East Asia Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture SFR – Small Farm Reservoir SFS – Selected Farming System STW – Shallow Tube Well SWIP – Small Water Impounding Project UNCED – United Nations Conference on Environment and Development WSSD – World Summit on Sustainable Development 7 Preface After fifty years, farmers in lowland, rainfed areas in the Philippines remain impoverished. Many of these lands remain unirrigated and underdeveloped. Both the farmer population and agricultural lands are facing extinction with such low economic returns offered by farming. The farmer either gives up tilling the land completely or sells his land to prospectors. Outmigration to the urban areas or even abroad, mostly by women, has become the best way out of this vicious cycle of poverty. This gives a general picture of the findings of this study on lowland rainfed rice-based farming system. Nueva Ecija was selected given its long rice-farming history to cover the timespan of the study. The study ran for almost two years from 2003 to 2004. ANGOC conducted this study, with the support of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), to strengthen its call that sustainable agriculture is the viable alternative for resource poor farmers. Although the results of the study depict a disturbing scenario, we at ANGOC believe this is a powerful tool in urging governments to step up its support for such neglected areas in Philippine agriculture. The study also helps us present how sustainable agriculture is the best hope for the farmer in a lowland rainfed area with lower costs of inputs needed to sustain farming activities and better yield in time. This study is part of the process of ensuring the relevance and effectiveness of ANGOC’s work. It is intended to provide recommendations on how ANGOC can help call for the improvement of policy and programs in support of the small impoverished farmer. ANGOC is grateful for the steadfast support and dedication, especially of Mr. Antonio B. Quizon, Dr. Danilo Vargas of CLSU, Fr. Francis Lucas and Mr. Marcelino Avila of FAO. Special mention also goes to the highly committed staff of the ANGOC Regional Secretariat and the ANGOC Network members. Sgd. Nathaniel Don E. Marquez Executive Director ANGOC 8 Acknowledgments To the Governments of France and Japan for the implementation of this case study, as well as its publication and dissemination. To the overall coordination of the SARD-FSE team of FASO in Rome under the leadership of Dr. Marcelino Avila and Ms Dominique Legros. To the National Steering Committee, which provided oversight and valuable support such as the Department of Agriculture represented by Hon. Sec. Luisito Lorenzo, Department of Agrarian Reform represented by Hon. Sec. OIC Jose Marie Ponce, Department of Environment and Natural Resources represented by Hon. Sec. Elisea Gozun, Philippine Council for Sustainable Development represented by Director Felizardo Virtucio, Jr. of NEDA Agriculture Staff, ANGOC represented by Fr. Francis Lucas, (Chairperson), Central Luzon State University represented by Dr. Rodolfo Undan (President), Philippine Council for Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Resources Research and Development Philippine Council for Agriculture, Forestry, and Natural Resources Research and Development (PCARRD) represented by Dr. Patricio Faylon (Executive Director), South East Asia Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture (SEARCA) represented by Dr. Arsenio Balisacan (Executive Director), Farming Systems and Soil Resources Institute of the University of the Philippines Los Baños (FSSRI-UPLB) represented by Chancellor Wilfredo David, and the Food And Agriculture Office-Manila represented by Dr. Sang Mu Lee. To the technical team comprised of Mr. Antonio B. Quizon (ANGOC, Team Leader to December 2003), Dr. Marideth Bravo, Dr. Arnulfo G. Garcia, and Dr. Florentino C. Monsalud of UP Los Baños), Dr. Beatriz del Rosario, Dr. Digna Orduna - Manzanilla and Ms. Ma.Teresa S. Agarrado (PCARRD), Mr. Roel R. Ravanera (ANGOC), and Dr. Danilo S. Vargas (CLSU, Team Leader starting January 2004). To the Officers of the FAO in the Philippines, Arcadio Cruz and Sarah Lacson. To the rural people, organizations and municipal authorities of Nueva Ecija, especially the CLSU staff, the PRRM-Nueva Ecija Staff, especially Mr. Shubert Ciencia, and the KALIKASAN-Nueva Ecija farmers. To the other national and international cooperation agencies who participated in the different workshops, consultation meetings and Asian regional meeting sponsored by the SARD-FSE project. 9 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Title Page i Preface ii Acknowledgments Table of Contents iv Executive Summary Chapter 1 -Organization and Management of the Case Study in the Philippines Brief Project Background Philippine SARD-FSE Project Organization and Management General Research Framework Site Selection Data Sources Selected References for Chapter 1 Chapter 2- Importance of the Rainfed Lowland Rice Base Farming System The Asian Context Philippine Rice Farming in Perspective Rice Self-Sufficiency and Food Security Rainfed Rice Farming and the Task of Poverty Reduction Rainfed Rice Farming and the Environment References for Chapter 2 Chapter 3 SARD Characterization and Diagnosis of the Farming System in the Selected Territory The Policy Context for SARD Defining SARD in the Philippine Context SARD Indicators Brief overview of the Philippine Agricultural and Rural Context The Philippine Economy
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