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9”x6” ISEAS-004 Islam and Religious Expression in Malaysia 1st Reading INDEX Note: Page number followed by n refers to endnotes. A Akhbar Satar, 127 Abdul Ghani Samsudin, 99 Akyol, Mustafa, 157, 173 Abdul Halim Aman, 145 “Allah”, the word, 52–53, 74–76 Abdullah, Abu (Isnilon Hapilon), 122 issue, 164 Abdullah Ahmad Badawi, 9, 64, 70, Malaysian Christians use, 76 76–78, 81, 87, 89 Muslim and Christian Islam Hadhari, 44–46, 49, 164 communities use, 75 Abdullah Mat Zin, 55 not used by non-Muslim, 75 Abu Handzalah (Mahmud Ahmad), Alliance memorandum, 85, 86 125 Allied Coordinating Committee of Abu Sayyaf, 116, 122, 128 Islamic NGOs (ACCIN), 76–77 Abu Seman, 98 Amhilni azidka (penalty fee), 33 Academy of Islamic Studies (AIS), Aminuddin Yahya, 93 26 Amirudin Shari, 172 Adib Mohd Kassim, Muhammad, amour propre, 19 death of, 142 Angkatan Belia Islam Malaysia Administration of Islamic Law Act (ABIM), 27, 43 (Federal Territories) 1993, 30, 34, Anti-Discrimination Act, 142 35, 51 Anti-Fake News Act 2018, 140 Syariah court in, 34–35 anti-Islam, 77, 150, 170 administrative bureaucracy, 28 state of governance, 86 Afif Bahardin, 109 anti-radicalization programmes, 119 Ahmad Nizam Amiruddin, 92 anti-religious, 86 Ahmad Tarmimi Maliki, 123 anti-terrorism, 10 209 ISEAS-004_Index.indd 209 05-06-2020 3.52.29 PM 1st Reading ISEAS-004 Islam and Religious Expression in Malaysia 9”x6” 210 Islam and Religious Expression in Malaysia Anwar Ibrahim, 1, 12, 27, 43, 132, blasphemy, 69–70, 84, 99–102, 144 139, 141 Bob Lokman, 96 Apandi Ali, Mohamed, 75 Breaking the Silence: Voices Armed Forces Council, 31 of Moderation-Islam in a Arshad Raji, Mohamad, 142 Constitutional Democracy by G25, Ashaari Muhammad, 91 137, 155 Ashura, 171, 172 British colonial, in Malaysia, 89 Asri Muda, 41 British common law system, 165 Asri Zainal Abidin, Mohd, 56, 96, bureaucracy 146, 151, 159 administrative, 28 Al-Assad, Bassar, 123 broader reforms in, 140 Assalamualaikum (May Peace Be Islamic. See Islamic bureaucracy, Upon You): Observations on the institutionalization of Islamisation of Malaysia (Zaid Ibrahim), 157 C authoritative/bureaucratic agency, 49 caliphate system, 117, 122 Ayob Khan Mydin Pitchay, 122, 124 censorship, risk of, 23 Azmil Tayeb, 153 Centre for Independent Journalism Azwanddin Hamzah, 143, 144 (CIJ), 143 Che Omar bin Che Soh v. Public B Prosecutor (1988), 86, 89, 103 al-Baghdadi, Abu Bakr, 116, 122 civil law system, 89, 94 Bahagian Agama dan Kaunseling civil liberties, 12, 135 Polis Diraja Malaysia (BAKA civil service, 34 PDRM), 32, 63 civil society movements, 13 Commission on the Improvement coalition, dominant political party in, of Operation and Management, 1, 139 32 Coalition of Malaysian NGOs Bahagian Hal Ehwal Islam (Division (COMANGO), 93 of Islamic Affairs), 29 Communications and Multimedia Act Bahagian Ugama (Division of (1998), 50, 72, 96, 140, 143, 144, Religious Affairs), 29 164 Banking and Financial Institution Act communitarianism, 81, 177, 178 (BAFIA) 1989, 33 communitarian orientation, 177 Barisan Nasional (BN) government, constitutional law, 90 1, 89, 139–41, 166 constitutional supremacy, 95 Islamization policy, 169 Content Code, 72 batil (invalid), 33 Content Code Act 2002, 50 BERSATU Party, 146 controlled democracy, 68 ISEAS-004_Index.indd 210 05-06-2020 3.52.30 PM 9”x6” ISEAS-004 Islam and Religious Expression in Malaysia 1st Reading Index 211 controversial law, 6 Democratic Action Party (DAP), 71, conventional economy, 33 150 Counter Messaging Centre (CMC), 132 Department of Islamic Development counter-radicalization Malaysia (JAKIM), 93 and de-radicalization, 119 Dewan Undangan Negeri versus success of, 120 Nordin Salleh (1992), 12 theory of, 117–20 Dikir Barat, 107–8 counterterrorism programmes, divisive political culture, 47 119–20 dominant ethnic groups, 71 Crime and Security Act 2001, 10 dual legal system, 59 culturally diverse population, 135 cultural sensitivities, 7, 79 E cyber defence, 131 education network, 132 foreign tertiary institutions, 41 Cyber Defence Operation Centre institutions of higher, 34–36 (CDOC), 132 in Islamic finance, 39 Malay-Muslim students, 40 D national, 38 Dangerous Drugs Act 1952, 138 Nilam Puri Foundation of Higher Daulah Islamiah Nusantara, 117 Learning, 35–36 daulat (sovereign), 20 non-Islamic studies of, 37 da’wah, 26, 91 primary and secondary, 44 movement of, 40, 42, 49 public universities, 37 Religious Unit and, 47–48 religious-based academic and youth organizations, 26 qualification, 34 Da wa taajjal (financial incentive for religious departments, 38 early payment), 33 traditional and modern, 34 Al-Dawla Al Islamiya fi al-Iraq wa education, in Islam, 152–55 al-Syam (Daesh), 115 Bahasa Melayu language, 154 death penalty, 69 in non-religious public schools, for offence, 86 153 defamation, 3, 108 Pendidikan Islam/Moral (PI/PM), Defamation Act 1957, 108 154 deliberative democracy, 178 religious, 38 democracy, 175 syllabus for national schools, 153 deliberative, 178 Election Commission, 178 legitimacy, 82 Emergency Ordinance (EO), 136 Malaysian, 7 Encyclopedia of Censorship, 105 as political ideal, 135 ethno-religious relationships, 47 ISEAS-004_Index.indd 211 05-06-2020 3.52.30 PM 1st Reading ISEAS-004 Islam and Religious Expression in Malaysia 9”x6” 212 Islam and Religious Expression in Malaysia extreme religious expression, 113, Federal Territories. See 166 Administration of Islamic Law Act glorifying terrorism, 133 (Federal Territories) 1993 involvement in terrorism, Federal Territories Religious Council 117–18 (MAIWP), 150 for recruiting and radicalizing, Federal Territory Syariah Offences 115 Act 1997, 98 violence against civilians, 133 Ferizi, Ardit, 129–30 extreme speech, 115 fighting against ideology, 128 extremism, 127 Film Censorship Act 2002, 50, 71, 107 definition of, 114 Film Censorship Board of Malaysia liberal, 149 (FCBM), 107 radicalization and, 132 forbidden speech, 84, 94 religious, 46, 149 14th General Election in 2018 (GE14), 139, 145, 167, 169 F freedom of expression, in Malaysia, face-threatening acts (FTAs), 21 2–11, 65, 78, 138, 163 Faculty of Islamic Studies (FIS), and constitutes sedition, 8 UKM, 36, 38 in Constitution under Article 149, 5 Fadiah Nadwa Fikri, 143 and critiques, 11–16 Faisal Tehrani. See Mohd Faizal future challenges for, 175–80 Musa human dignity. See human Farouk Musa, Ahmad, 157–58, 172 dignity Faruqi, Shad Saleem, 58, 86, 150, implementation of political 173, 178 freedom, 7 al-Fatihin (2016), 122 limitation on, 23 fatwa, 51, 82, 92, 101, 102, 172 in national security, 2–3 Fatwa Committee of the National Parliament, 12 Council for Islamic Religious political freedom, 7 Affairs, 92 press freedom, 9 Federal Constitution of Malaysia “reasonable regulations” on, 12 (1957), 39, 66, 82, 85, 87, 95 restrictions on, 7, 13, 177 amendment of, 4 struggle for, 157 Article 10 of, 1, 3–5 suspension, during war, 14 fundamental rights in, 6 freedom of political speech, 105, 136, “reasonable regulation” in, 13 137, 140 Universal Declaration of Human freedom of religion, 59, 60, 75 Rights and, 76 and intra-religious expression, Federal Constitution on Citizenship, 4 90–94 ISEAS-004_Index.indd 212 05-06-2020 3.52.30 PM 9”x6” ISEAS-004 Islam and Religious Expression in Malaysia 1st Reading Index 213 freedom of speech, 54, 60, 67, 101 Hindu Rights Action Force free speech, 67, 68, 140 (HINDRAF), 71 First Amendment of, 14 homegrown terrorists, 127 issue of, 101 Homeland Security Presidential in Malaysia, 136 Directive No. 6 (HSPD-6), 130 Muslim community to use, 78 hudud (punishment) law, 88 principle of, 133 implementation of, 127 in propagating violent human capital development, 34–47 radicalization, 113–14 da’wah and, 36 in radicalization, 113 education and. See education Fuziah Salleh, 146–48 financial investment for, 34 in Islamic studies, 35 G public universities, 37 Gagasan Sejahtera (GS), 139 training in Islamic finance, 39 gender identity disorder (GID), 103 human dignity, 16–22 gender neutral language, 83 characteristics of, 22 gharar (risk), 33 concept of, 17, 21 in Holy Qur’an, 17 H human rights/liberties with, 16 Hadi Awang, Abdul, 147 Islam and, 60 Hadith, 99–100 Malay customs (adat), 18 Hajjah Halimatussaadiah binti Haji maruah, 19–21 Kamaruddin v. Public Services morality and, 69 Commission Malaysia & Anor regulation of speech, 22 (1994), 102 human liberties, 16 halus (soft), 18 human rights Hamid, Abdul, 6, 86, 99 campaign, 11 haram in Malaysia, 33, 94 concepts of, 16 harga diri (self esteem), 19 struggle in Malaysia, 10 hate speech, 1, 7–8, 70–72, 141–45 theories of, 16 ban on, 22 Human Rights in Islam (Maududi), 87 Hate Speech Act (2016), 143 Human Rights Watch, 15, 137 in Malaysia, 70–72, 114 negative impacts in Malaysia, 9 I Hate Speech Act (2016), 143 Ibrahim Ali, 71 Herald, The, 74–76 Ikatan Muslimin Malaysia (ISMA), Hiebert, Murray, 3 93 hijab, 159 IKIM.fm, radio, 48 Hilmi Hasim, Muhammad, 131 illiberal democracy, 79 ISEAS-004_Index.indd 213 05-06-2020 3.52.30 PM 1st Reading ISEAS-004 Islam and Religious Expression in Malaysia 9”x6” 214 Islam and Religious Expression in Malaysia imam (leader), 83 dress code, 102–4 Institut Da’wah dan Latihan Islam freedom of religion and, 90–94 (INDAH), 39 multireligious society, 81 institutional transformation, 28 offensive and racist expressions, Institut Kajian Strategik Islam 82 Malaysia (IKSIM), 150 perspective of, 82–83 intelligence sharing, 129 private speech, 104–10 inter-ethnic relationship in Malaysia, publication and broadcasting, 37 97–99 inter-faith commission, 76–78 public speech, 94–97 Internal Security Act (ISA), 6, 10, 12, religious expression model, 78, 92, 136, 138 83–85 internal security problems, 68 religious-themed books banned, International Centre for Education in 106 Islamic Finance (INCEIF), 39 secular/Islamic state in Malaysia, international community, 166 85–89 International Convention on the Iranian Revolution (1979–82), 26, 41 Elimination of All Forms of Racial Iraq Discrimination (ICERD), 142–43 defeat of ISIL in, 131 International Covenant on Civil and ISIL-held territory in, 126 Political Rights (ICCPR), 113, 138, Syria and.