Magic Mushrooms Around the World
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Occurrence of Psilocybin/Psilocin in Pluteus Salicinus (Pluteaceae)
College of Saint Benedict and Saint John's University DigitalCommons@CSB/SJU Biology Faculty Publications Biology 7-1981 Occurrence of psilocybin/psilocin in Pluteus salicinus (Pluteaceae) Stephen G. Saupe College of Saint Benedict/Saint John's University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.csbsju.edu/biology_pubs Part of the Biology Commons, Botany Commons, and the Fungi Commons Recommended Citation Saupe SG. 1981. Occurrence of psilocybin/psilocin in Pluteus salicinus (Pluteaceae). Mycologia 73(4): 781-784. Copyright © 1981 Mycological Society of America. OCCURRENCE OF PSILOCYBIN/ PSILOCIN IN PLUTEUS SALICINUS (PLUTEACEAE) STEPHEN G. SAUPE Department of Botany, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801 The development of blue color in a basidiocarp after bruising is a reliable, although not infallible, field character for detecting the pres ence of the N-methylated tryptamines, psilocybin and psilocin (1, 2, 8). This color results from the stepwise oxidation of psilocybin to psi locin to a blue pigment (3). Pluteus salicinus (Pers. ex Fr.) Kummer (Pluteaceae) has a grey pileus with erect to depressed, blackish, spinu lose squamules in the center. It is distinguished from other species in section Pluteus by its bluish to olive-green stipe, the color intensify ing with age and bruising (10, 11 ). This study was initiated to deter mine if the bluing phenomenon exhibited by this fungus is due to the presence of psilocybin/psilocin. Pluteus salicinus (sgs-230, ILL) was collected on decaying wood in Brownfield Woods, Urbana, Illinois, a mixed mesophytic upland forest. Carpophores were solitary and uncommon. Although Singer (10) reponed that this fungus is common in some areas of North America and Europe, it is rare in Michigan (5). -
New Species of Inocybe (Inocybaceae) from Eastern North America1
New species of Inocybe (Inocybaceae) from eastern North America1 Authors: P. Brandon Matheny, and Linas V. Kudzma Source: The Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society, 146(3) : 213-235 Published By: Torrey Botanical Society URL: https://doi.org/10.3159/TORREY-D-18-00060.1 BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access titles in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Complete website, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/terms-of-use. Usage of BioOne Complete content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non-commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. Downloaded From: https://bioone.org/journals/The-Journal-of-the-Torrey-Botanical-Society on 09 Sep 2019 Terms of Use: https://bioone.org/terms-of-use Access provided by University of Tennessee Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 146(3): 213–235, 2019. New species of Inocybe (Inocybaceae) from eastern North America1 P. Brandon Matheny2 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee 1406 Circle Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA Linas V. Kudzma 37 Maple Ave., Annandale, NJ 08801 Abstract. Five species of Inocybe from eastern North America are described as new: Inocybe carolinensis, Inocybe dulciolens, Inocybe friabilis, Inocybe glaucescens, and Inocybe vinaceobrunnea. -
Species Recognition in Pluteus and Volvopluteus (Pluteaceae, Agaricales): Morphology, Geography and Phylogeny
Mycol Progress (2011) 10:453–479 DOI 10.1007/s11557-010-0716-z ORIGINAL ARTICLE Species recognition in Pluteus and Volvopluteus (Pluteaceae, Agaricales): morphology, geography and phylogeny Alfredo Justo & Andrew M. Minnis & Stefano Ghignone & Nelson Menolli Jr. & Marina Capelari & Olivia Rodríguez & Ekaterina Malysheva & Marco Contu & Alfredo Vizzini Received: 17 September 2010 /Revised: 22 September 2010 /Accepted: 29 September 2010 /Published online: 20 October 2010 # German Mycological Society and Springer 2010 Abstract The phylogeny of several species-complexes of the P. fenzlii, P. phlebophorus)orwithout(P. ro me lli i) molecular genera Pluteus and Volvopluteus (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) differentiation in collections from different continents. A was investigated using molecular data (ITS) and the lectotype and a supporting epitype are designated for Pluteus consequences for taxonomy, nomenclature and morpho- cervinus, the type species of the genus. The name Pluteus logical species recognition in these groups were evaluated. chrysophlebius is accepted as the correct name for the Conflicts between morphological and molecular delimitation species in sect. Celluloderma, also known under the names were detected in sect. Pluteus, especially for taxa in the P.admirabilis and P. chrysophaeus. A lectotype is designated cervinus-petasatus clade with clamp-connections or white for the latter. Pluteus saupei and Pluteus heteromarginatus, basidiocarps. Some species of sect. Celluloderma are from the USA, P. castri, from Russia and Japan, and apparently widely distributed in Europe, North America Volvopluteus asiaticus, from Japan, are described as new. A and Asia, either with (P. aurantiorugosus, P. chrysophlebius, complete description and a new name, Pluteus losulus,are A. Justo (*) N. Menolli Jr. Biology Department, Clark University, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de São Paulo, 950 Main St., Rua Pedro Vicente 625, Worcester, MA 01610, USA São Paulo, SP 01109-010, Brazil e-mail: [email protected] O. -
Phylum Order Number of Species Number of Orders Family Genus Species Japanese Name Properties Phytopathogenicity Date Pref
Phylum Order Number of species Number of orders family genus species Japanese name properties phytopathogenicity date Pref. points R inhibition H inhibition R SD H SD Basidiomycota Polyporales 98 12 Meruliaceae Abortiporus Abortiporus biennis ニクウチワタケ saprobic "+" 2004-07-18 Kumamoto Haru, Kikuchi 40.4 -1.6 7.6 3.2 Basidiomycota Agaricales 171 1 Meruliaceae Abortiporus Abortiporus biennis ニクウチワタケ saprobic "+" 2004-07-16 Hokkaido Shari, Shari 74 39.3 2.8 4.3 Basidiomycota Agaricales 269 1 Agaricaceae Agaricus Agaricus arvensis シロオオハラタケ saprobic "-" 2000-09-25 Gunma Kawaba, Tone 87 49.1 2.4 2.3 Basidiomycota Polyporales 181 12 Agaricaceae Agaricus Agaricus bisporus ツクリタケ saprobic "-" 2004-04-16 Gunma Horosawa, Kiryu 36.2 -23 3.6 1.4 Basidiomycota Hymenochaetales 129 8 Agaricaceae Agaricus Agaricus moelleri ナカグロモリノカサ saprobic "-" 2003-07-15 Gunma Hirai, Kiryu 64.4 44.4 9.6 4.4 Basidiomycota Polyporales 105 12 Agaricaceae Agaricus Agaricus moelleri ナカグロモリノカサ saprobic "-" 2003-06-26 Nagano Minamiminowa, Kamiina 70.1 3.7 2.5 5.3 Basidiomycota Auriculariales 37 2 Agaricaceae Agaricus Agaricus subrutilescens ザラエノハラタケ saprobic "-" 2001-08-20 Fukushima Showa 67.9 37.8 0.6 0.6 Basidiomycota Boletales 251 3 Agaricaceae Agaricus Agaricus subrutilescens ザラエノハラタケ saprobic "-" 2000-09-25 Yamanashi Hakusyu, Hokuto 80.7 48.3 3.7 7.4 Basidiomycota Agaricales 9 1 Agaricaceae Agaricus Agaricus subrutilescens ザラエノハラタケ saprobic "-" 85.9 68.1 1.9 3.1 Basidiomycota Hymenochaetales 129 8 Strophariaceae Agrocybe Agrocybe cylindracea ヤナギマツタケ saprobic "-" 2003-08-23 -
Pipestem Foray Overview
Volume 49:1 January ⁄ February 2008 www.namyco.org Pipestem Foray Overview An East-Coaster’s Perspective A West-Coaster’s Perspective by Dave Wasilewski by Debbie Viess For about 25 years now I have As Steve Trudell rightly pointed out hunted and studied wild mush- to me, don’t gloat about your mush- rooms, but I’ve never been active in rooms until they are safely in your a club. The NAMA Orson K. Miller basket! The continuing “Curse of Memorial Foray held in Pipestem, NAMA” (some call it global warm- WV, this past August was the first ing) slipped in the back door, behind such event that I have ever at- the earlier and heartening West tended. Virginia thunderstorms. Extreme I must admit that, as I drove heat and lack of rain for the previ- south on Interstate 81 through two ous couple of weeks made condi- solid hours of Pennsylvania rainfall tions on the ground challenging for on an eight-hour trip to a place hopeful finders of fungi. Chlorosplenium aeruginascens, one of where little or no rain had fallen for Luckily, my Southern Belle the many delights found at Pipestem. over a week, for the purpose of hostess with the mostest, Coleman hunting wild mushrooms, I felt a bit McCleneghan, took me on a few names like Gyroporus and Pulvero- conflicted. My mind wandered pre-NAMA forays in Virginia, where boletus, tucked among the through conifer groves in the conditions were much improved. My many shades of forest green and Poconos where imaginary boletes very first walk ever along the brown. -
Mushrumors the Newsletter of the Northwest Mushroomers Association Volume 20 Issue 3 September - November 2009
MushRumors The Newsletter of the Northwest Mushroomers Association Volume 20 Issue 3 September - November 2009 2009 Mushroom Season Blasts into October with a Flourish A Surprising Turnout at the Annual Fall Show by Our Fungal Friends, and a Visit by David Arora Highlighted this Extraordinary Year for the Northwest Mushroomers On the heels of a year where the weather in Northwest Washington could be described as anything but nor- mal, to the surprise of many, include yours truly, it was actually a good year for mushrooms and the Northwest Mushroomers Association shined again at our traditional fall exhibit. The members, as well as the mushrooms, rose to the occasion, despite brutal conditions for collecting which included a sideways driving rain (which we photo by Pam Anderson thought had come too late), and even a thunderstorm, as we prepared to gather for the greatly anticipated sorting of our catch at the hallowed Bloedel Donovan Community Building. I wondered, not without some trepidation, about what fungi would actually show up for this years’ event. Buck McAdoo, Dick Morrison, and I had spent several harrowing hours some- what lost in the woods off the South Pass Road in a torrential downpour, all the while being filmed for posterity by Buck’s step-son, Travis, a videographer creating a documentary about mushrooming. I had to wonder about the resolve of our mem- bers to go forth in such conditions in or- In This Issue: Fabulous first impressions: Marjorie Hooks der to find the mush- David Arora Visits Bellingham crafted another artwork for the centerpiece. -
Abstract Book
Macedonian Ecological Society th 5 CONGRESS OF ECOLOGISTS OF THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA WITH INTERNATIONAL PARTICIPATION ABSTRACT BOOK Ohrid, Macedonia 19th - 22nd October 2016 Издавач:Македонско еколошко друштво Publisher: Macedonian Ecological Society Институт за биологија Institute of Biology Природно-математички факултет - Скопје Faculty of Natural Sciences П. фах 162, 1000 Скопје P.O. Box 162, 1000 Skopje, Macedonia Цитирање: Citation: Книга на апстракти, V Конгрес на еколозите на Abstract book, V Congress of Ecologists of the Македонија со меѓународно учество. Охрид, Republic of Macedonia with International Participa- 19-22.10.2016. Македонско еколошко друштво, tion. Ohrid, 19-22.10.2016. Macedonian Ecological Скопје, 2016 Society, Skopje, 2016 CIP - Каталогизација во публикација Национална и универзитетска библиотека “Св. Климент Охридски”, Скопје 502/504(062)(048.3) CONGRESS of ecologists of the Republic of Macedonia with international participation (5 ; 2016 ; Ohrid) Abstract book / 5th Congress of ecologists of the Republic of Macedonia with interna- tional participation, Ohrid, Macedonia 19th - 22nd October 2016 = Книга на апстракти / [V Конгрес на еколозите на Македонија со меѓународно учество. Охрид, 19.-22.10.2016 ]. - Скопје : Македонско еколошко друштво = Skopje : Macedonian Ecological Society, 2016. - 213 стр. ; 25 см Текст напоредно на мак. и англ. јазик ISBN 978-9989-648-36-6 I. Конгрес на еколозите на Македонија со меѓународно учество (5 ; 2016 ; Охрид) види Con- gress of ecologists of the Republic of Macedonia with -
Hebelomina (Agaricales) Revisited and Abandoned
Plant Ecology and Evolution 151 (1): 96–109, 2018 https://doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.2018.1361 REGULAR PAPER Hebelomina (Agaricales) revisited and abandoned Ursula Eberhardt1,*, Nicole Schütz1, Cornelia Krause1 & Henry J. Beker2,3,4 1Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart, Rosenstein 1, D-70191 Stuttgart, Germany 2Rue Père de Deken 19, B-1040 Bruxelles, Belgium 3Royal Holloway College, University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom 4Plantentuin Meise, Nieuwelaan 38, B-1860 Meise, Belgium *Author for correspondence: [email protected] Background and aims – The genus Hebelomina was established in 1935 by Maire to accommodate the new species Hebelomina domardiana, a white-spored mushroom resembling a pale Hebeloma in all aspects other than its spores. Since that time a further five species have been ascribed to the genus and one similar species within the genus Hebeloma. In total, we have studied seventeen collections that have been assigned to these seven species of Hebelomina. We provide a synopsis of the available knowledge on Hebelomina species and Hebelomina-like collections and their taxonomic placement. Methods – Hebelomina-like collections and type collections of Hebelomina species were examined morphologically and molecularly. Ribosomal RNA sequence data were used to clarify the taxonomic placement of species and collections. Key results – Hebelomina is shown to be polyphyletic and members belong to four different genera (Gymnopilus, Hebeloma, Tubaria and incertae sedis), all members of different families and clades. All but one of the species are pigment-deviant forms of normally brown-spored taxa. The type of the genus had been transferred to Hebeloma, and Vesterholt and co-workers proposed that Hebelomina be given status as a subsection of Hebeloma. -
Detection, Recognition and Management Options for Armillaria Root Disease in Urban Environments
Detection, recognition and management options for Armillaria root disease in urban environments Richard Robinson Department of Environment and Conservation, Manjimup, WA 6258 Email: [email protected] Abstract Armillaria luteobubalina, the Australian honey fungus, is an endemic pathogen that attacks and kills the roots of susceptible trees and shrubs, causing a root rot. The fungus colonises the cambium and trees eventually die when the root collar is girdle and it spreads from host to host by root contact. The disease is referred to as armillaria root disease (ARD). In recent years, reports of ARD killing trees and shrubs in urban parks and gardens have increased. When investigated, infection is usually traced to stumps or the roots of infected trees that were left following clearing of the bush when towns or new suburbs were established. The Australian honey fungus is indigenous to southern Australia, and is common in all forest, woodland and some coastal heath communities. In undisturbed environments, ARD is generally not the primary cause of death of healthy forest or woodland trees but more usually it kills trees weakened by competition, age-related decline or environmental stress and disturbance. In gardens and parks, however, the honey fungus can become a particularly aggressive pathogen and in this situation no native or ornamental trees and shrubs appear to be resistant to infection. The life cycle of the fungus consists of a parasitic phase during which the host is infected and colonised. The time taken for plants to succumb to disease varies, but may take decades for large trees. A saprophytic phase follows, during which the root system and stump of the dead host is used by the fungus as a food base. -
Toxic Fungi of Western North America
Toxic Fungi of Western North America by Thomas J. Duffy, MD Published by MykoWeb (www.mykoweb.com) March, 2008 (Web) August, 2008 (PDF) 2 Toxic Fungi of Western North America Copyright © 2008 by Thomas J. Duffy & Michael G. Wood Toxic Fungi of Western North America 3 Contents Introductory Material ........................................................................................... 7 Dedication ............................................................................................................... 7 Preface .................................................................................................................... 7 Acknowledgements ................................................................................................. 7 An Introduction to Mushrooms & Mushroom Poisoning .............................. 9 Introduction and collection of specimens .............................................................. 9 General overview of mushroom poisonings ......................................................... 10 Ecology and general anatomy of fungi ................................................................ 11 Description and habitat of Amanita phalloides and Amanita ocreata .............. 14 History of Amanita ocreata and Amanita phalloides in the West ..................... 18 The classical history of Amanita phalloides and related species ....................... 20 Mushroom poisoning case registry ...................................................................... 21 “Look-Alike” mushrooms ..................................................................................... -
Phd. Thesis Sana Jabeen.Pdf
ECTOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGAL COMMUNITIES ASSOCIATED WITH HIMALAYAN CEDAR FROM PAKISTAN A dissertation submitted to the University of the Punjab in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in BOTANY by SANA JABEEN DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY UNIVERSITY OF THE PUNJAB LAHORE, PAKISTAN JUNE 2016 TABLE OF CONTENTS CONTENTS PAGE NO. Summary i Dedication iii Acknowledgements iv CHAPTER 1 Introduction 1 CHAPTER 2 Literature review 5 Aims and objectives 11 CHAPTER 3 Materials and methods 12 3.1. Sampling site description 12 3.2. Sampling strategy 14 3.3. Sampling of sporocarps 14 3.4. Sampling and preservation of fruit bodies 14 3.5. Morphological studies of fruit bodies 14 3.6. Sampling of morphotypes 15 3.7. Soil sampling and analysis 15 3.8. Cleaning, morphotyping and storage of ectomycorrhizae 15 3.9. Morphological studies of ectomycorrhizae 16 3.10. Molecular studies 16 3.10.1. DNA extraction 16 3.10.2. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) 17 3.10.3. Sequence assembly and data mining 18 3.10.4. Multiple alignments and phylogenetic analysis 18 3.11. Climatic data collection 19 3.12. Statistical analysis 19 CHAPTER 4 Results 22 4.1. Characterization of above ground ectomycorrhizal fungi 22 4.2. Identification of ectomycorrhizal host 184 4.3. Characterization of non ectomycorrhizal fruit bodies 186 4.4. Characterization of saprobic fungi found from fruit bodies 188 4.5. Characterization of below ground ectomycorrhizal fungi 189 4.6. Characterization of below ground non ectomycorrhizal fungi 193 4.7. Identification of host taxa from ectomycorrhizal morphotypes 195 4.8. -
Collecting and Recording Fungi
British Mycological Society Recording Network Guidance Notes COLLECTING AND RECORDING FUNGI A revision of the Guide to Recording Fungi previously issued (1994) in the BMS Guides for the Amateur Mycologist series. Edited by Richard Iliffe June 2004 (updated August 2006) © British Mycological Society 2006 Table of contents Foreword 2 Introduction 3 Recording 4 Collecting fungi 4 Access to foray sites and the country code 5 Spore prints 6 Field books 7 Index cards 7 Computers 8 Foray Record Sheets 9 Literature for the identification of fungi 9 Help with identification 9 Drying specimens for a herbarium 10 Taxonomy and nomenclature 12 Recent changes in plant taxonomy 12 Recent changes in fungal taxonomy 13 Orders of fungi 14 Nomenclature 15 Synonymy 16 Morph 16 The spore stages of rust fungi 17 A brief history of fungus recording 19 The BMS Fungal Records Database (BMSFRD) 20 Field definitions 20 Entering records in BMSFRD format 22 Locality 22 Associated organism, substrate and ecosystem 22 Ecosystem descriptors 23 Recommended terms for the substrate field 23 Fungi on dung 24 Examples of database field entries 24 Doubtful identifications 25 MycoRec 25 Recording using other programs 25 Manuscript or typescript records 26 Sending records electronically 26 Saving and back-up 27 Viruses 28 Making data available - Intellectual property rights 28 APPENDICES 1 Other relevant publications 30 2 BMS foray record sheet 31 3 NCC ecosystem codes 32 4 Table of orders of fungi 34 5 Herbaria in UK and Europe 35 6 Help with identification 36 7 Useful contacts 39 8 List of Fungus Recording Groups 40 9 BMS Keys – list of contents 42 10 The BMS website 43 11 Copyright licence form 45 12 Guidelines for field mycologists: the practical interpretation of Section 21 of the Drugs Act 2005 46 1 Foreword In June 2000 the British Mycological Society Recording Network (BMSRN), as it is now known, held its Annual Group Leaders’ Meeting at Littledean, Gloucestershire.