DOCSLIB.ORG

Landscape Narrative of the Sundarban: Towards Collaborative Management by Bangladesh and India Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Landscape Narrative of the Sundarban: Towards Collaborative Management by Bangladesh and India Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Landscape Narrative of the Sundarban: Towards Collaborative Management by Bangladesh and India Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Document Information Title Landscape Narrative of the Sundarban: Towards Collaborative Management by Bangladesh and India Submitted to The World Bank Submitted by International Water Association (IWA) Contributors Bushra Nishat, AJM Zobaidur Rahman, Sakib Mahmud, etc Deliverable Sundarban Joint Landscape Narrative description Version number First Draft Dissemination Members of the BISRCI Consortia level Reference to be used for citation Cover picture Fishermens in a river in Sundarban by AJM Zobaidur Rahman Contact Bushra Nishat, Programmes Manager South Asia, International Water Association. [email protected] Prepared for the project Bangladesh-India Sundarban Region Cooperation Initiative (BISRCI) supported by the World Bank under the South Asia Water Initiative: Sundarban Focus Area 1 Table of Contents 1. Introduction and context ...................................................................................................................... 6 1.1. The Sundarban Region ................................................................................................................ 11 1.2. Need for Collaboration .................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. 1.3. About the Narrative .................................................................................................................... 16 2. A brief history of the Sundarban ......................................................................................................... 21 2.1 The mystic Sundarban ................................................................................................................. 21 2.2 Early history and first inhabitants ............................................................................................... 26 2.1. Conservation steps – pre 1947 ....................................................................................................... 28 2.3 Conservation - Post 1947 ............................................................................................................ 30 2.3.1 Conservation in Sundarban Biosphere Reserve, India ............................................................ 31 2.3.2 Conservation in Sundarban Imapct Zone, Bangladesh ........................................................... 32 2.4 Upstream developments ............................................................................................................ 33 2.5 Landscape changes ..................................................................................................................... 21 3. The ecological landscape .................................................................................................................... 36 3.1. Evolution and geomorphology of the Sundarban .............................. Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.1.1. Cretaceous-Tertiary evolution ....................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.1.2. Quaternary evolution ..................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.1.3. Holocene Sea-Level curve .............................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.1.4. Holocene evolution ........................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.1.5. Evolution of the Sundarban Region ............................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.1.5.1. Accretion of the Sundarban ....................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.1.5.2. Reclamation and present status of the Sundarban ................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.1.5.3. Landforms .................................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.1.6. Coastal forcings .............................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.1.6.1. Tides ........................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.1.6.2. Climate ....................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.1.6.3. Cyclones ..................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.1.6.4. Sea level rise ............................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.1.7. Coastal changes.............................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.1.7.1. Mapping history ......................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 2 3.1.7.2. Characteristics of change ........................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.1.7.3. Causes of change........................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.2. Hydrology of Sundarban Delta ........................................................................................................ 56 3.2.1 River system ........................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.2.2 Impact of Human Intervention on the Major River system ... Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.2.3 Hydrology ............................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.2.4 Water Quality ......................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.2.1. Impact of Salinity increase in the Sundarban ................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.2.2. Land Cover ..................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.3. Plants of the Sundarban .................................................................................................................... 6 3.3.1. Structure and physiognomy ........................................................................................................ 11 3.3.2. Forest Types ................................................................................................................................ 12 3.3.3. Vegetation of the sea shore ........................................................................................................ 16 3.3.4. Geomorphology, sedimentation & Topography ......................................................................... 17 3.3.5. Historical changes in vegetation ................................................................................................. 19 3.3.6. Change of vegetation in between 1985 and 1997 ...................................................................... 19 3.4. Wildlife and fisheries of the Sundarban.......................................................................................... 27 3.4.1. Different types of wildlife and their habitat ............................................................................... 27 3.4.2. Status of Wildlife ......................................................................................................................... 30 3.4.3. Threats to Wildlife....................................................................................................................... 32 3.5. Natural disasters ............................................................................................................................... 2 3.5.1. Tropical Cyclones and Storm Surges ............................................................................................. 2 4. The socio-economic landscape (SIZ, Bangladesh and SBR, India) ....................................................... 35 4.1 Demography ................................................................................................................................ 37 4.2 Income Level and Poverty ........................................................................................................... 40 4.3 Forest Dependent Livelihoods in Sundarban .............................................................................. 42 4.3.1 Forest Dependent livelihood in Indian Sundarban Biosphere Reserve (SBR) ......................... 42 Fisheries and Aquatic Resources ............................................................................................................. 42 Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) collection ..................................................................................... 43 4.3.2 Forest Dependent livelihood in Bangladesh SIZ...................................................................... 44 Fisheries and Aquatic Resources ............................................................................................................. 45 4.4 Peripheral Livelihoods ................................................................................................................. 47 4.4.1 Peripheral Livelihoods in Indian Sundarban Biosphere Reserve ............................................ 47 3 Agriculture .............................................................................................................................................. 48 Aquaculture............................................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • List of Municipalities Sl.No
    LIST OF MUNICIPAL BODIES WHERE ELECTIONS WILL BE HELD IN THE MIDDLE OF 2010 SL.NO. DISTRICT NAME OF MUNICIPALITY 1 Cooch Behar Municipality 2 Tufanganj Municipality Cooch Behar 3 Dinhata Municipality 4 Mathabhanga Municipality 5 Jalpaiguri Jalpaiguri Municipality 6 English Bazar Municipality Malda 7 Old Malda Municipality 8 Murshidabad Municipality 9 Jiaganj-Azimganj Municipality 10 Kandi Municipality Murshidabad 11 Jangipur Municipality 12 Dhulian Municipality 13 Beldanga Municipality 14 Nabadwip Municipality 15 Santipur Municipality 16 Ranaghat Municipality 17Nadia Birnagar Municipality 18 Kalyani Municipality 19 Gayeshpur Municipality 20 Taherpur Municipality 21 Kanchrapara Municipality 22 Halishar Municipality 23 Naihati Municipality 24 Bhatpara Municipality 25North 24-Parganas Garulia Municipality 26 North Barrackkpore Municipality 27 Barrackpore Municipality 28 Titagarh Municipality 29 Khardah Municipality \\Mc-4\D\Munc. Elec-2010\LIST OF MUNICIPALITIES SL.NO. DISTRICT NAME OF MUNICIPALITY 30 Kamarhati Municipality 31 Baranagar Municipality 32 North Dum Dum Municipality 33 Bongaon Municipality 34 Gobardanga Municipality 35North 24-Parganas Barasat Municipality 36 Baduria Municipality 37 Basirhat Municipality 38 Taki Municipality 39 New Barrackpore Municipality 40 Ashokenagar-Kalyangarh Municipality 41 Bidhannagar Municipality 42 Budge Budge Municipality 43South 24-Parganas Baruipur Municipality 44 Jaynagar-Mazilpur Municipality 45 Howrah Bally Municipality 46 Hooghly-Chinsurah Municipality 47 Bansberia Municipality 48 Serampore Municipality 49 Baidyabati Municipality 50 Champadany Municipality 51 Bhadreswar Municipality Hooghly 52 Rishra Municipality 53 Konnagar Municipality 54 Arambagh Municipality 55 Uttarpara Kotrung Municipality 56 Tarakeswar Municipality 57 Chandernagar Municipal Corporation 58 Tamluk Municipality Purba Medinipur 59 Contai Municipality 60 Chandrakona Municipality 61 Ramjibanpur Municipality 62Paschim Medinipur Khirpai Municipality 63 Kharar Municipality 64 Khargapur Municipality 65 Ghatal Municipality \\Mc-4\D\Munc.
    [Show full text]
  • Household Survey of Pesticide Practice, Deliberate Self-Harm, and Suicide in the Sundarban Region of West Bengal, India
    Household Survey of Pesticide Practice, Deliberate Self-Harm, and Suicide in the Sundarban Region of West Bengal, India The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Banerjee, Sohini, Arabinda Narayan Chowdhury, Esther Schelling, and Mitchell G. Weiss. 2013. “Household Survey of Pesticide Practice, Deliberate Self-Harm, and Suicide in the Sundarban Region of West Bengal, India.” BioMed Research International 2013: 1–9. doi:10.1155/2013/949076. Published Version doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/949076 Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:23016711 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA Hindawi Publishing Corporation BioMed Research International Volume 2013, Article ID 949076, 9 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/949076 Research Article Household Survey of Pesticide Practice, Deliberate Self-Harm, and Suicide in the Sundarban Region of West Bengal, India Sohini Banerjee,1,2 Arabinda Narayan Chowdhury,3 Esther Schelling,2,4 and Mitchell G. Weiss2,4 1 Institute of Psychiatry, 7 D.L. Khan Road, Kolkata 700 025, India 2 Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, Swiss Tropical & Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland 3 Stuart Road Resource Centre, Northamptonshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Corby, Northants NN17 1RJ, UK 4 University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland Correspondence should be addressed to Sohini Banerjee; [email protected] Received 27 April 2013; Revised 26 July 2013; Accepted 30 July 2013 Academic Editor: Niranjan Saggurti Copyright © 2013 Sohini Banerjee et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Downloaded From
    Arakan and Bengal : the rise and decline of the Mrauk U kingdom (Burma) from the fifteenth to the seventeeth century AD Galen, S.E.A. van Citation Galen, S. E. A. van. (2008, March 13). Arakan and Bengal : the rise and decline of the Mrauk U kingdom (Burma) from the fifteenth to the seventeeth century AD. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/1887/12637 Version: Not Applicable (or Unknown) Licence agreement concerning inclusion of doctoral thesis in the License: Institutional Repository of the University of Leiden Downloaded from: https://hdl.handle.net/1887/12637 Note: To cite this publication please use the final published version (if applicable). CHAPTER TWO THE ORIGINS OF THE MRAUK U KINGDOM (1430 – 1593) The sixteenth century saw the rise to power in south-eastern Bengal of the Arakanese kingdom. At the same time the Mughals entered Bengal from the northwest and came into contact with the Arakanese. The arrival of the Mughals and the Arakanese in Bengal would spark a conflict between both parties for control over the economic heart of Bengal situated around Dhaka and Sripur. The war over Bengal would last for approximately ninety years. Starting in the early fifteenth century this Chapter describes the origins of the Mrauk U kingdom and the beginnings of the Ninety Years’ War. 2.1 The early years of the Mrauk U kingdom From the third decade of the fifteenth century the Arakanese kings of Mrauk U extended their hold over the Arakanese littoral. The coastal areas and the major islands Ramree and Cheduba were slowly brought under their control.1 During the sixteenth century successive Arakanese kings were able to gain control over the most important entrepôt of Bengal, Chittagong.
    [Show full text]
  • Transit and Border Trade Barriers in South Asia
    6 Transit and Border Trade Barriers in South Asia Prabir De, Sachin Chaturvedi, and Abdur Rob Khan1 1. INTRODUCTION he world has been witnessing the 25th anniversary of the advent of the South Asian Association of Regional Cooperation (SAARC) T in 2009. With the conversion of South Asia Preferential Trade Agreement (SAPTA) into South Asia Free Trade Agreement (SAFTA) in 2006, South Asia is now looking for a Customs Union in 2015 and an Economic Union in 2020. Except Afghanistan and Bhutan, rest South Asian countries are members of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and have been practicing the Most Favored Nation (MFN) principles with an exception of India and Pakistan. It is envisaged that SAFTA will lead the growth in intraregional formal trade from US$11 billion in 2007 to US$40 billion by 2015 (RIS 2008). However, in reality, South Asia is far from realizing its trade potential. One of the critical factors preventing South Asia from achieving its full potential is the absence of regional transit trade.2 Unlike the European Union, South Asian countries do not have a regional transit arrangement, although partial transit exists for landlocked countries such as Afghanistan, Bhutan, and Nepal. 140 Prabir De, Sachin Chaturvedi, and Abdur Rob Khan In order to reduce regional and multilateral trade transportation costs, the South Asian countries have been trying to integrate the region through improved connectivity including a regional transit arrangement. A regional transit means a stronger multilateral transit. However, the challenges
    [Show full text]
  • 49107-006: West Bengal Drinking Water
    Initial Environmental Examination Document Stage: Draft Project Number: 49107-006 July 2018 IND: West Bengal Drinking Water Sector Improvement Project – Bulk Water Supply for North 24 Parganas Prepared by Public Health Engineering Department, Government of West Bengal for the Asian Development Bank. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 11 July 2018) Currency Unit – Indian rupee (₹) ₹1.00 – $0.014 $1.00 = ₹68.691 ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank CTE – consent to establish CTO – consent to operate DBO – design, build and operate DSISC – design, supervision and institutional support consultant EAC – expert appraisal committee EARF – environmental assessment and review framework EHS – environment, health and safety EIA – environmental impact assessment EMP – environmental management plan EMS – environmental management specialist ESZ – Eco Sensitive Zone GLSR – ground level service reservoir GOWB – Government of West Bengal GRC – grievance redress committee GRM – grievance redress mechanism IEE – initial environmental examination MOEFCC – Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change WBPCB – West Bengal Pollution Control Board NOC – no objection certificate OHS – occupational health and safety PHED – Public Health Engineering Department PIU – project implementation unit PMC – project management consultant PMU – project management unit PPTA – project preparatory technical assistance PWSS – piped water supply schemes ROW – right of way SGC – safeguards and gender cell SPS – Safeguard Policy Statement WHO – World Health Organization WTP – water treatment plant WBDWSIP – West Bengal Drinking Water Sector Improvement Project WEIGHTS AND MEASURES dBA decibel C degree Celsius km kilometer lpcd litre per capita per day m meter mgbl meter below ground level mm millimeter MLD million liters per day km2 square kilometer NOTE In this report, "$" refers to United States dollars.
    [Show full text]
  • Status of Transport Connectivity Including Transit Facilitation In
    WELCOME 1 Welcome to THE COUNTRY PRESENTATION OF BANGLADESH 2 Contents of the Presentation 1.General Overview 2.Trade Scenario between Participating Countries 3. Cross- Border and Transit Transport by Land a. Roads b. Train 4. Present status and Challenges. 5. Legal Basis 6. Transport Facilitation Measures 7. Existing Challenges. 8. Suggestions 9. Conclusion General Overview • Area : 1,47,570 sq. kilo miters • Population : 152.70 million (2011) • Total GDP : US$ 150 billion (Aug, 2013) • GDP Per Capita: US$ 1044 (Aug, 2013) • Total Exports : US$ 27.02 billion (FY2012-13) • Total Imports : US$ 33.98 billon (FY2012-13) • Capital : Dhaka • Bangladesh achieved average 6% GDP growth during last five years. 4 Trade Scenario between Participating Countries Trade with Participating Countries F/Y 2012-13 (value in million US$) COUNTRY EXPORT IMPORT BALANCE OF TRADE Afghanistan 3.57 2.30 1.27 Pakistan 68.70 489.80 (-) 421.10 Iran 75.42 7.10 68.32 Bhutan 1.82 24.70 (-) 22.88 Turkey 637.81 224 413.81 Myanmar 13.67 84.10 (-) 70.43 India 536.96 4776.80 (-) 4212.84 Nepal 26.41 35.70 (-) 9.29 Trade with Participating Countries (Value in million US$) Land Ports of Bangladesh • In Bangladesh 21 Land Customs Stations have been declared as Land Port. Major L.P. are: 1. Benapole 2. Burimari 3. Akhaura 4. Sonamosjid 5. Hili 6. Teknaf 7. Bibirbazar 12 L.P.are managed by Bangladesh Land Port Authority, 06 L. P. are operated under BOT. Land Port Wise Trade(2011-12) (In million M.T.) NAME OF THE EXPORT IMPORT TOTAL PORT BENAPOLE 4.64 12.12 16.76 BURIMARI - 3.57 3.57 AKHAURA 5.75 .0017 5.7517 SONAMOSJID - 14.02 14.02 HILI 0.1072 6.03 6.1732 TEKNAF .0063 .85 .8563 BIBIRBAZAR 1.25 - 1.25 Port Wise Export and Import (In million MT) LEGAL BASIS OF ROADS CONNECTIVITY Procedure for Monitoring of entry/exit of Nepalese Vehicles through Phulbari- Bangladesh L.C.S.
    [Show full text]
  • District Sl No Name Post Present Place of Posting S 24 Pgs 1 TANIA
    District Sl No Name Post Present Place of Posting PADMERHAT RURAL S 24 Pgs 1 TANIA SARKAR GDMO HOSPITAL S 24 Pgs 2 DR KIRITI ROY GDMO HARIHARPUR PHC S 24 Pgs 3 Dr. Monica Chattrejee, GDMO Kalikapur PHC S 24 Pgs 4 Dr. Debasis Chakraborty, GDMO Sonarpur RH S 24 Pgs 5 Dr. Tusar Kanti Ghosh, GDMO Fartabad PHC S 24 Pgs 6 Dr. Iman Bhakta GDMO Kalikapur PHC Momrejgarh PHC, Under S 24 Pgs 7 Dr. Uday Sankar Koyal GDMO Padmerhat RH, Joynagar - I Block S 24 Pgs 8 Dr. Dipak Kumar Ray GDMO Nolgara PHC S 24 Pgs 9 Dr. Basudeb Kar GDMO Jaynagar R.H. S 24 Pgs 10 Dr. Amitava Chowdhury GDMO Jaynagar R.H. Dr. Sambit Kumar S 24 Pgs 11 GDMO Jaynagar R.H. Mukharjee Nalmuri BPHC,Bhnagore S 24 Pgs 12 Dr. Snehadri Nayek GDMO I Block,S 24 Pgs Jirangacha S 24 Pgs 13 Dr. Shyama pada Banarjee GDMO BPHC(bhangar-II Block) Jirangacha S 24 Pgs 14 Dr. Himadri sekhar Mondal GDMO BPHC(bhangar-II Block) S 24 Pgs 15 Dr. Tarek Anowar Sardar GDMO Basanti BPHC S 24 Pgs 16 Debdeep Ghosh GDMO Basanti BPHC S 24 Pgs 17 Dr.Nitya Ranjan Gayen GDMO Jharkhali PHC S 24 Pgs 18 GDMO SK NAWAZUR RAHAMAN GHUTARI SARIFF PHC S 24 Pgs 19 GDMO DR. MANNAN ZINNATH GHUTARI SARIFF PHC S 24 Pgs 20 Dr.Manna Mondal GDMO Gosaba S 24 Pgs 21 Dr. Aminul Islam Laskar GDMO Matherdighi BPHC S 24 Pgs 22 Dr. Debabrata Biswas GDMO Kuchitalahat PHC S 24 Pgs 23 Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Bangladesh-Bhutan-India-Nepal (BBIN)
    MARCH 2016 ISSUE NO. 135 Intra-BBIN Trade: Opportunities and Challenges PARTHAPRATIM PAL ABSTRACT The Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal (BBIN) sub-regional initiative is envisioned to improve economic cooperation and connectivity among the four South Asian countries. For India, this initiative allows it to bypass some of the more complex political issues of SAARC and engage in direct discussions on connectivity with Bhutan, Bangladesh and Nepal. This initiative is expected to help the landlocked developing countries of this region to integrate more effectively with the global economy. But there may be certain challenges, too. India has been a dominant member of SAARC; without Pakistan and Sri Lanka, India's dominance in BBIN will be even more pronounced. It is also important to keep in mind that political objectives and policy priorities of BBIN countries might not always align perfectly. The long-term success of BBIN will depend on how well these concerns are managed within the framework. INTRODUCTION Although countries of South Asia are tied by To begin with, these countries trade very little shared history and culture, they are still not well among themselves. In spite of having an connected with each other and integration overarching regional free trade agreement in the remains one of the poorest in the world. The form of the South Asian Free Trade Agreement Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal (BBIN) sub- (SAFTA) signed in 2004, and various other regional initiative is envisioned to improve bilateral and regional trade agreements forged economic cooperation and connectivity among since then, intra-regional trade among South these four South Asian countries.
    [Show full text]
  • Myth, Language, Empire: the East India Company and the Construction of British India, 1757-1857
    Western University Scholarship@Western Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository 5-10-2011 12:00 AM Myth, Language, Empire: The East India Company and the Construction of British India, 1757-1857 Nida Sajid University of Western Ontario Supervisor Nandi Bhatia The University of Western Ontario Graduate Program in Comparative Literature A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree in Doctor of Philosophy © Nida Sajid 2011 Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd Part of the Asian History Commons, Comparative Literature Commons, Cultural History Commons, Islamic World and Near East History Commons, Literature in English, British Isles Commons, Race, Ethnicity and Post-Colonial Studies Commons, and the South and Southeast Asian Languages and Societies Commons Recommended Citation Sajid, Nida, "Myth, Language, Empire: The East India Company and the Construction of British India, 1757-1857" (2011). Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository. 153. https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/153 This Dissertation/Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarship@Western. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository by an authorized administrator of Scholarship@Western. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Myth, Language, Empire: The East India Company and the Construction of British India, 1757-1857 (Spine Title: Myth, Language, Empire) (Thesis format: Monograph) by Nida Sajid Graduate Program in Comparative Literature A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies The University of Western Ontario London, Ontario, Canada © Nida Sajid 2011 THE UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN ONTARIO School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies CERTIFICATE OF EXAMINATION Supervisor Examiners _____________________ _ ____________________________ Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Bio Data- Captain Wahid Hasan Kutubuddin
    BIO DATA- CAPTAIN WAHID HASAN KUTUBUDDIN 1. Rank and Name : Captain Wahid Hasan Kutubuddin, (N), ndc, afwc, psc, BN 2. Present Appointment and Address : Blue Economy Cell, EMRD 3. Date and Place of Birth : 16 September 1967, Dhaka 4. Date of Commission/ Recruitment : 01 July 1987__________________ 5. Service: BangladeshNavy Branch: Executive 6. Marital Status :Married 7. Number of Children : Son 02 Daughter 01 8. Father’s Name : Gaus Kutubuddin 9. Mother’s Name : Mrs Hasina Banu 10. Nationality: Bangladeshi Religion: ___Islam (Sunni)_______ 11. Highest Academic Qualification: Masters Degree 12. Important Military and Strategic Courses attended: Ser Name of the Course Institute / Organization 1. Joint Training with 15 BMA LC BMA 2. Basic Naval Training (1st Term) BNA 3. Basic Naval Course in Malaysia Officers Training School of Royal Malaysian Navy, Malaysia 4. Air Orientation Course Bangladesh Air Force Base ZAHUR 5. Junior Staff Course (1992) Bangladesh Naval Academy (BNA) 6. Long Navigation course INS VENDURUTHY, Kochin, India 7. Missile Command and Tactics Course FAC School, BNS ISSA KHAN 8. Torpedo Command and Tactics Course FAC School, BNS ISSA KHAN 9. Masters in Defence Studies (MDS) National University, Bangladesh 10. Global Maritime Distress and Safety Marine Academy, Chittagong System (GMDSS) 11. Practical Pilotage Training Mongla Port Authority, Bangladesh 12. Operational and Maintenance Training GEM Elettronica Training Center, Italy Course Radar LD 1510/6/M 13. Port Security Course At SMWT under United States Coast Guard 14. 20 th Naval Staff Course DSCSC, Mirpur, Bangladesh 15. 2nd Staff Course DSSC, Wellington, India 16. International Humanitarian Law At SMWT under Director of Naval Legal Services, Royal Navy 17.
    [Show full text]
  • Downloaded License
    Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 64 (2021) 217-250 brill.com/jesh Regimes of Diplomacy and Law: Bengal-China Encounters in the Early Fifteenth Century Mahmood Kooria Researcher, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands and Visiting faculty, Ashoka University, Sonepat, Haryana, India [email protected] Abstract This article examines the Bengal–China connections between the Ilyās Shāhī and Ming dynasties in the early fifteenth century across the Bay of Bengal and South China Sea. It traces how law played a central role in the cultural geography and diplomatic vocabulary between individuals and communities in foreign lands, with their shared understanding of two nodal points of law. Diplomatic missions explicate how custom- ary, regional and transregional laws were entangled in inter-imperial etiquette. Then there were the religious orders of Islam that constituted an inner circle of imperial exchanges. Between the Ilyās Shāhī rule in Bengal and the Ming Empire in China, certain dimensions of Islamic law provided a common language for the circulation of people and ideas. Stretching between cities and across oceans the interpolity legal exchanges expose interesting aspects of the histories of China and Bengal. Keywords Bengal-China connections – Ming dynasty – Ilyās Shāhī dynasty – interpolity laws – diplomacy – Islam – Indian Ocean Introduction More than a decade ago JESHO published a special issue (49/4), edited by Kenneth R. Hall, on the transregional cultural and economic exchanges and diasporic mobility between South, Southeast and East Asia, an area usually © Mahmood Kooria, 2021 | doi:10.1163/15685209-12341536 This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the CC BY 4.0Downloaded license.
    [Show full text]
  • Why Dots and Dashes Matter: Writing Bengali in Roman Script Colonial Contexts, of Non-Roman Scripts Generally, Except for Greek
    Carmen Brandt Why Dots and Dashes Matter Writing Bengali in Roman Script A friend recently sent me a photo of an Indian restaurant called “Vagina Tandoori” and asked for my ‘official statement’ as a scholar of South Asian studies. After we had had a good laugh – as many other Internet users had before us – I was not shy of providing an answer, as I explained the potential reason behind this awkward name: the restaurant owners could be of Bengali origin and might have transcribed the Bengali term ভািগনা/bhāginā1 “nephew”2, the way they thought it should be written in Roman script. I have come across this transcription several times in Bangladesh. Beyond that, a male colleague of mine regularly gets emails from his “vagina”, i.e. from a friend in Bangla- desh who is much younger to him and refers to himself as his “nephew”. Even though the awkward restaurant name turned out to be a hoax,3 the writing of South Asian lan- guages – especially Bengali – in Roman script is, nonetheless, often a challenge. Hence, this essay reflects on these challenges, discusses in general why South Asian languages are often written in Roman script, and which options might be best to do so. The Roman Script – a Symbol of Colonial Conquest As I have already discussed in detail (Brandt 2020), in South Asia, the Roman script is often perceived as a symbol of foreign domination in past and present. Its 1 All Bengali words are transliterated according to the rules in Table 4 below. 2 That means the son of one’s sister or the son of one’s husband’s sister.
    [Show full text]