1 Introduction 2 Culture and Underdogs: the Endearing Appeal
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Notes 1 Introduction 1. David B. Guralnik, ed., Webster’s New World Dictionary, Second College Edition (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1984), 1546. 2. Scholastic Pocket Dictionary (New York: Scholastic, 2005), 567. 3. “Underdog (Competition),” Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Underdog_(competition) (accessed July 26, 2007). 4. “The Mavens’ Word of the Day: March 9, 2000,” Random House, http://w w w. randomhouse.com/wotd/index.pperl?date=20000309 (accessed August 2, 2007). 5. William Shepard Walsh, Handy-book of Literary Curiosities (Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1892), 243. Google Book Search. Web. (accessed August 15, 2007). 2 Culture and Underdogs: The Endearing Appeal 1. Stanley K. Schultz, “Foreword,” in Homer Simpson Goes to Washington, ed. Joseph J. Foy (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2008), viii. Google Book Search. Web. (accessed July 15, 2009). 2. R. T. France, Jesus the Radical: A Portrait of the Man They Crucified (Vancouver: Regent College, 1989), 96. Google Book Search. Web. (accessed November 15, 2007). 3. “Deuteronomy 15:11,” BiBlos.com, http://bible.cc/deuteronomy/15–11.htm (accessed June 2, 2009). 4. Holy Bible Contemporary English Version (New York: American Bible Society, 1995), 640–641. 5. Phillip Yancy, The Jesus I Never Knew (Zondervan: Grand Rapids, 1995), 40–41. Google Book Search. Web. (accessed August 16, 2007). 6. Jim Dinn, “What’s This ‘Preferential Option for the Poor’?” beliefnet, http://www.beliefnet.com/Faiths/Christianity/Catholic/2001/12/Whats- This-Preferential-Option-For-The-Poor.aspx?p=2 (accessed July 30, 2009). 7. Jason Rowe, “Liberation Theology Lives On,” Foreign Policy in Focus, November 15, 2007, http://www.fpif.org/fpiftxt/4729 (accessed July 30, 2009). 204 ● Notes 8. “Liberation Theology,” Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberation_ theology (accessed July 30, 2009) and Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger, “Instruction on Certain Aspects of the ‘Theology of Liberation,’ ” August 6, 1984, Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, http://www. vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cfaith/documents/rc_con_cfaith_ doc_19840806_theology-liberation_en.html (accessed July 30, 2009). 9. Leo G. Perdue, Reconstructing Old Testament Theology (Minneapolis, MN: Fortress, 2005), 77–78. Google Book Search. Web. (accessed September 15, 2009). 10. Ratzinger and Ray Hundley, “The Dangers of Liberation Theology,” The Mountain Retreat Center for Biblical Theology and Eschatology, http:// www.mountainretreatorg.net/articles/dangers_of_liberation_theology. shtml (accessed July 30, 2009). 11. John L. Allen, “With Diaz Nomination, Obama Passes First Major Catholic Test,” National Catholic Reporter, May 28, 2009, http://ncronline.org/ blogs/all-things-catholic/diaz-nomination-obama-passes-major-catholic- test (accessed July 30, 2009). 12. “Obama Picks Cuban Liberation Theologian as U.S. Ambassador to the Holy See,” Catholic News Agency, May 28, 2009, http://www. catholicnewsagency.com/new.php?n=16129 (accessed July 30, 2009). 13. “Christian Socialism,” Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_ socialism (accessed December 9, 2008). 14. “Norman Thomas,” Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_ Thomas#cite_note-quotes-6 (accessed December 8, 2008). 15. “Frank P. Zeidler,” Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_P._ Zeidler (accessed December 9, 2008). 16. William Ebenstein, Great Political Thinkers: Plato to the Present, Sixth Edition (Belmont, CA: Thomson, 2000), 174–175. 17. Susan Nidtich, A Prelude to Biblical Folklore: Underdogs and Tricksters (Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 2000), xv. Google Book Search. Web. (accessed September 15, 2007). 18. Alain Finkielkraut, The Imaginary Jew (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1984), 9. Google Book Search. Web. (accessed September 16, 2009). 19. “Attitudes toward World Religions,” Religious Studies Online, http:// www.rsrevision.com/GCSE/shortcourse/equality/religions.htm (accessed December 5, 2008). 20. Harold E. Quinley and Charles Y. Glock, Anti-Semitism in America (Edison, NJ: Transaction, 1983), 2–7. Google Book Search. Web. (accessed October 4, 2007). 21. Elizabeth Feinsilber and Mike Webber, Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary of Allusions (Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster, 1999), 143. Google Book Search. Web. (accessed October 5, 2007). 22. Chris Matthews, American: Beyond Our Grandest Notions (New York: Free Press, 2002), 136. Notes ● 205 23. Thomas Paine, Common Sense, Forgotten Books, 1776, http:// forgottenbooks.org/info/Common_Sense, 27. Google Book Search. Web. (accessed March 15, 2009). 24. Ibid., 30. 25. “The Last Puritan,” Sam Adams Heritage Society, http://www.samuel- adams-heritage.com/ (accessed August 3, 2007). 26. Matthews, 129. 27. Robert M. Cassidy, Counterinsurgency and the Global War on Terror: Military Culture and Irregular War (Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2006), 24. Google Book Search. Web. (accessed March 15, 2009). 28. Robert Yates, “Essays of Brutus, I,” in The Complete Anti-Federalist, ed. Herbert J. Storing (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1981), II, 363–372, in The Dilemma of American Thought, ed. Jeffrey L. Prewitt (Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1996), 73. 29. “A Republic, if You Can Keep It,” Ron Paul’s Speeches and Statements, January 31 and February 2, 2000, http://www.house.gov/paul/congrec/ congrec2000/cr020200.htm (accessed September 29, 2007). 30. See Howard Zinn, A People’s History of the United States, 1492–Present (New York: Harper Collins, 2003), Chapters 1 and 7. Google Book Search. Web. (accessed September 25, 2007). Also see Patrick Minges, “Beneath the Underdog,” American Indian Quarterly, Vol. 25, Issue 3, 2001, 453. 31. Cornel West, The Cornel West Reader (New York: Basic, 1999), 104. Google Book Search. Web. (accessed September 28, 2007). 32. Peter Collier and David Horowitz, The Rockefellers (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1976), 34. 33. Daniel Yergin, The Prize (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1991), 102. 34. Ibid., 105. 35. “The Real Facts about WalMart,” Wake Up Wal-Mart, http://www. wakeupwalmart.com/facts/#community (accessed October 26, 2007). 36. Michael Barbaro, “Wal-Mart Offers Aid to Rivals,” New York Times, April 5, 2006, http://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/05/business/05walmart. html (accessed August 25, 2009). 37. Jim Gilliam, “Wal-Mart Admits It Destroys Small Business,” April 5, 2006, http://www.jimgilliam.com/2006/04/walmart_admits_it_destroys_ small_business.php (accessed September 16, 2009). 38. Thomas Wailgum Framingham, “How Wal-Mart Lost Its Technology Edge” Computer World, October 22, 2007, http://computerworld.co.nz/ news.nsf/spec/3DBB8E6CADBA8905CC2573780078E067 (accessed August 25, 2009). 39. David Morey and Scott Miller, The Underdog Advantage (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2004), 69. Google Book Search. Web. (accessed September 16, 2007). 40. Liza Featherstone, Selling Women Short: The Landmark Battle for Women’s Rights at Wal-Mart (New York: Basic, 2004), 56–57. Google Book Search. Web. (accessed October 4, 2007). 206 ● Notes 41. Constance E. Beaumont, “Bucking the Establishment,” in How Superstore Sprawl Can Harm Communities in The New Populist Reader, ed. Karl Trautman (Westport, CT: Praeger, 1994). 42. “Lorain, OH Measure (2005),” Wal-Mart Watch, http:// walmartwatch. com/battlemart/resources/lorain_oh_measure_2005/ (accessed October 30, 2007). 43. Bruce Bostick, “Lorain Voters Defeat Wal-Mart,” People’s Weekly World, November 17, 2005, http://www.pww.org/article/view/8112/1/295/ (accessed September 16, 2009). 44. Ibid. 45. Jimmy A. Frazier and Eldon E. Snyder, “The Underdog Concept in Sport,” Sociology of Sport Journal 8, 1991, 382. 46. Ibid. 47. “World Series History: Championships by Club,” http://www.mlb.com/ mlb/history/postseason/mlb_ws.jsp?feature=club_champs (accessed November 27, 2007). 48. Jack Curry, “Red Sox Finally Spend, but the Sum Is Modest,” New York Times, December 29, 2008, http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/30/sports/ baseball/30base.html?scp=3&sq=yankees&st=cse (accessed January 1, 2009). 49. Frederic J. Frommer and Harvey Frommer, Red Sox vs. Yankees: The Great Rivalry (Champaign, IL: Sports Publishing LLC, 2005). Google Book Search. Web. (accessed March 15, 2008). 50. “2004 American League Championship Series,” Wikipedia, http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_American_League_Championship_Series (accessed November 29, 2007). 51. “USA Today Salaries Databases,” USA Today, http://content.usatoday.com/ sports/baseball/salaries/totalpayroll.aspx?year=2009 (accessed August 22, 2009). 52. “The Business of Baseball,” Forbes, April 22, 2009, http://www.forbes. com/lists/2009/33/baseball-values-09_The-Business-Of-Baseball_Rank. html (accessed August 22, 2009). 53. “The Business of Baseball: #3 Boston Red Sox,” Forbes, April 19, 2007, http://www.forbes.com/lists/2007/33/07mlb_Boston-Red-Sox_330700. html (accessed August 22, 2009). 54. “The Business of Baseball: #22 Colorado Rockies,” Forbes, April 19, 2007, http://www.forbes.com/lists/2007/33/07mlb_Colorado-Rockies_336931. html (accessed November 29, 2007). 55. “The Business of Baseball,” Forbes, April 2, 2009, http://www.forbes.com/ lists/2009/33/baseball-values-09_The-Business-Of-Baseball_Rank.html (accessed August 22, 2009). 56. Alan Schwarz, “The Surprising Rise of the Rays,” New York Times, December 27, 2008, http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/28/sports/ baseball/28rays.html?partner=rss&emc=rss (accessed January 1, 2009). 57. Ibid. Notes ● 207 58. Mike Lopresti, “Tampa Bay Goes from Underdog to the World Series,” USA Today, October 19, 2008, http://www.usatoday.com/