FLORISTIC AND ETHNOBOTANICAL STUDIES OF RAMGARH VISHDHARI WILD LIFE SANCTUARY OF BUNDI (RAJASTHAN) jkex< fo’k/kkjh oU; tho vH;kj.; cwUnh ¼jktLFkku½ dk iknih; ,oa yksdokuLifrd v/;;u A THESIS Submitted for the award of Ph.D. Degree in the faculty of Science of UNIVERSITY OF KOTA, KOTA By Kapil Nawar Supervisor Dr. O.P. SHARMA P.G. DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY GOVERNMENT COLLEGE BUNDI UNIVERSITY OF KOTA, KOTA 2015 CONTENTS Certificate i – ii Acknowledgement iii - iv List of Maps v List of Tables vi - vii S. NO. CHAPTER PAGE NO. 1. INTRODUCTION 1 - 5 2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE 6 - 13 3. STUDY AREA 14 - 25 4. METHODOLOGY 26 - 30 5. ECOLOGICAL FACTORS 31 - 49 6. FLORISTIC STUDY 50 - 95 7. ETHNOBOTANICAL STUDY 96 - 165 8. MANAGEMENT PLAN 166 - 176 9. SUMMARY 177 - 190 REFERENCES 191 - 223 GLOSSARY 224 - 228 PHOTOGRAPHIC PLATES CERTIFICATE It certified that the 1. Thesis entitled “FLORISTIC AND ETHNOBOTANICAL STUDIES OF RAMGARH VISHDHARI WILD LIFE SANCTUARY OF BUNDI (RAJASTHAN)” submitted by Kapil Nawar is an original piece of work carried out by the candidate under my supervision. 2. Literary presentation is satisfactory and thesis is in a form suitable for publication. 3. Work evinces the capacity of the candidate for critical examination and independent judgment. 4. Candidate has put in at least 200 days of attendance every year. DATE : Dr. O.P. SHARMA P.G. DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY GOVERNMENTCOLLEGE BUNDI i CERTIFICATE It is to certify that Mr. Kapil Nawar has done his research work on the topic “FLORISTIC AND ETHNOBOTANICAL STUDIES OF RAMGARH VISHDHARI WILD LIFE SANCTUARY OF BUNDI (RAJASTHAN)” under the guidance of Dr. O.P. SHARMA, P.G. Department of Botany, Government College Bundi (Rajasthan). Date : Principal Governmen College Bundi ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT It gives immense pleasure to put on record my deep sense of gratitude to my guide Dr. O.P. Sharma, P. G. Department of Botany, Government College Bundi for his valuable guidance, keen interest and constant inspiration throughout the period of this work. He has truly been friend, philosopher and guide to me. But for their generous help and patient supervision this thesis would not have seen the light of the day. I owe my deepest gratitude to him. I express my heartiest gratitude to Dr. L.K. Dadhich, former Principal MIMT, Kota, Dr. R.K. Dubey, former Principal Government College, Bundi, Dr. N.K. Sharma, former Principal Government College, Jalore and Dr. S. K. Shringi, Botany Department Government College, Kota. They have willingly directed, inspired and encouraged me throughout the tedious course of this challenging study. They helped me from their vast store of knowledge and experience. I am thankful to Mrs. Snigdha Dwivedi, Principal Government College, Bundi, for providing all the facilities and support in carrying out the research work. I also convey my sincere thanks to Dr. V. B. Shrivastava, Dr. Rohini Maheshwari, Dr. D. K. Rathore, Sh. R. P. Meena and Dr. M. K. Rawat of Botany Department Government College Bundi for their valuable suggestion and timely help each and every steps of research work. I am sincerely thankful to Dr. P. K. Salodiya, Dr. P. C. Bhati and Sh. R. R. Parihar of Govt. College Bundi for their support and other generous help during the research. iii I am thankful to Mr. Vijay Singh, ACF Wild Life (Ramgarh Vishdhari Wild Life Sanctuary), Man Mohan Ji and Surendra Singh Ji of forest department of Bundi for permitting and supporting me to complete my field study in protected forest area of Ramgarh Vishdhari Wild Life Sanctuary. They also help me for provide the valuable information regarding the study. A word of praise will not sufficient to express my reverence and affection words my respected father Mr. Jag Mohan Nawar and Mother Smt. Lalita Nawar, it is due to their boundless love, never ending affection forbearance, deep understanding, endurance, moral boost and benevolent care that enable me successful accomplish my work. I am deeply indebted to my grandfather Mr. Bhanwar Lal Nawar and Grand Mother Smt. Jagni Bai for their affection, appreciation and encouragements. Moral support I received from my sister Miss Suman Nawar and Deepmala Nawar. I greatly appreciate the incredible support of my wife Smt. Meenakshi Nawar, my son Devansh Nawar, my daughter Lakshita Nawar and my sister’s son Mikul Samriya without their love, it would not have been possible for me to complete my thesis. I pay my sincere thanks to my all friends Rajendra Prasad Meena, Dhanraj, Anil, Dr. Satya Prakash Sen, Dr. Subhash Verma, Dugra Lal Regar, Narendra Kumar Mehra, Hemraj Soni and Ramswaroop Prajapat for rendering, much needed moral supports and encouragement. P.G. Department of Botany Kapil Nawar Government College Bundi M.Sc., M. Phil. (Rajasthan) iv LIST OF MAPS S. No. Map No. Map showing 1. 1.1 Key map of the study area 2. 3.1 Map showing the water bodies and wet lands in Ramgarh Vishdhari Wild Life sanctuary 3. 6.1 Map showing the forest block and compartments of Ramgarh Vishdhari Wild Life sanctuary 4. 7.1 Map showing the villages inside and on the boundary of Ramgarh Vishdhari Wild Life sanctuary 5. 7.2 Map showing the villages 2 to 5 km. from Ramgarh Vishdhari Wild Life sanctuary boundar 6. 7.3 Map showing the villages 5 to 10 km. from Ramgarh Vishdhari Wild Life sanctuary boundary 7. 7.4 Map showing the main sacred groves of Ramgarh Vishdhari Wild Life sanctuary v LIST OF TABLES S. NO. TABLE TOPIC PAGE NO. 1. 3.1 Type of soil in the area according to Forest 23 Blocks 2. 3.2 Soil order and their important characteristics 23 3. 3.3 Water bodies and wet lands in Ramgarh Vishdhari 25 Wild Life sanctuary 4. 5.1 Meteorological data of sanctuary area for the 34 year 2012 5. 5.2 Average Meteorological data of sanctuary area 35 for the year 2012 6. 5.3 Meteorological data of sanctuary area for the year 2013 36 7. 5.4 Average Meteorological data of sanctuary area for the 37 year 2013 8. 5.5 Physical region of Ramgarh Vishdhari Wild Life 38-39 sanctuary 9. 6.1 Types of vegetation in the sanctuary area according to 59 forest blocks 10. 6.2 Number of genera and species in different families of 86-90 Angiosperms 11. 6.3 Proportional relationship of dicotyledonous and 90 Monocotyledonous 12. 6.4 Ten dominant families of study area and adjoining 92 region 13. 6.5 Family types and number of genera and species 93 14. 6.6 Ten dominant families of area and their rank 95 15. 7.1 List of villages which are inside the sanctuary 102 vi S. NO. TABLE TOPIC PAGE NO. 16. 7.2 List of villages which are on the boundary of 103-104 the sanctuary 17. 7.3 List of villages 2 to 5 km. from Ramgarh 106 Vishdhari Wild Life sanctuary 18. 7.4 List of villages 5to 10 km. from Ramgarh 106-107 Vishdhari Wild Life sanctuary 19. 7.5 Sacred groves of Ramgarh Vishdhari 112 Wild Life sanctuary 20. 7.6 List of plants which are prohibited to use in 121 certain places 21. 7.7 Plants or plant’s part used for religious ceremonies 122-123 in study area 22. 7.8 Status of Non Timber Forest Products in study area 125 23. 7.9 Plant parts used in medicine 155 24. 7.10 Nature of medicinal plant of area 156 25. 7.11 Life form in medicinal plants of area 156 26. 7.12 Traditional use of plants for beauty care 161-162 27. 7.13 Plants of economic importance 163-165 28. 7.14 Aesthetical and eco-tourism sites of 174 Ramgarh Vishdhari Wild Life sanctuary area vii INTRODUCTION Rajasthan is quite rich in floristic diversity probably due to presence of different variable and diversified climatic, physiographic, edaphic and habitat conditions. The Haroti plateau has a rich floristic diversity suggests many kinds of plant species. Ramgarh Vishdhari Wild Life Sanctuary is a single compact and large forest ecosystem in Haroti region. It is located in Bundi district of Rajasthan state and 45 km. away from it. The submitted thesis on the floristic and ethnobotanical study of Ramgarh Vishdhari Wild Life sanctuary of Bundi district south east Rajasthan was taken up to evaluate its on holistic basis. Earlier it had a larger forest cover, but due to environmental degradation quite a large number of plant species are threatened. Many plant species of sanctuary have ethnobotanical significance. The present investigation was made to holistic approach of ecosystem of area with reference to floristic diversity and also to enumerate the plant species being used by the local population for food, fodder, fuel, fibre, dyes etc. Along with economic value of various plant species, ethnobotanical uses of prevalent in tribal population have also been assessed in the present study. Ethnobotany is the study of how people of a particular culture and region make the uses of indigenous plants. Ethnobotanists explore how plants are used for such things as food, shelter, medicine, clothing, hunting and religious ceremonies. It may be said that the ethnobotany has become a broader discipline, which is interested in all studies about the relationship between people and plants. Scope of ethnobotany is not confined to one area but it covers a broad range of study areas, which are interconnected to each other in one sense or the other. So, there is a great opportunity to explore the ethnobotanical approach towards the modern civilization and giving them a firm task, which should include conservation of plant species and other forms of biological diversity and sustainability in supplies of wild plant resources.