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Iaj 9-3 (2018) Vol. 9 No. 3 2018 Arthur D. Simons Center for Interagency Cooperation, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas FEATURES | 1 About The Simons Center The Arthur D. Simons Center for Interagency Cooperation is a major program of the Command and General Staff College Foundation, Inc. The Simons Center is committed to the development of military leaders with interagency operational skills and an interagency body of knowledge that facilitates broader and more effective cooperation and policy implementation. About the CGSC Foundation The Command and General Staff College Foundation, Inc., was established on December 28, 2005 as a tax-exempt, non-profit educational foundation that provides resources and support to the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College in the development of tomorrow’s military leaders. The CGSC Foundation helps to advance the profession of military art and science by promoting the welfare and enhancing the prestigious educational programs of the CGSC. The CGSC Foundation supports the College’s many areas of focus by providing financial and research support for major programs such as the Simons Center, symposia, conferences, and lectures, as well as funding and organizing community outreach activities that help connect the American public to their Army. All Simons Center works are published by the “CGSC Foundation Press.” The CGSC Foundation is an equal opportunity provider. InterAgency Journal FEATURES Vol. 9, No. 3 (2018) 5 Hidden Changes in Organizational Culture and Their Lasting Effects Arthur D. Simons Center Christopher R. Allen and Ted A. Thomas for Interagency Cooperation The Lewis and Clark Center 100 Stimson Ave., Suite 1149 17 New Generation Warfare and Fort Leavenworth, Kansas 66027 the Just War Tradition Ph: 913-682-7244 • Fax: 913-682-7247 Email: [email protected] Richard E. Berkebile www.TheSimonsCenter.org 34 Disenfranchisement Breeds Conflict EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Benjamin E. Birtles Roderick M. Cox 41 Criminal Ethos of Russia: The Great Western MANAGING EDITOR Elizabeth Ditsch Dilemma of Fighting New Generation Warfare Egidijus Čiūtas EDITOR Valerie Tystad 49 Chinese Advantages in the Development and Integration of DESIGN/PRODUCTION Mark H. Wiggins Artificial Intelligence and Warfare MHW Public Relations and Communications Daniel G. Cox PRINTING Allen Press, Inc. 57 The Ethics of Lawrence, Kansas Information-Gap Decision Making William J. Davis, Jr. and Penny Koerner ADVISORY COUNCIL 69 Will Russian Exploitation of David A. Anderson, DBA Professor of Strategic Studies Open Press Destroy U.S. Democracy? U.S. Army Command and General Staff College Nicholas Kane Ambassador (Ret.) David F. Lambertson Former U.S. Ambassador to Thailand 76 A Century of Humiliation: Wilburn E. “Bud” Meador, Jr. The Power of Economic Warfare Assistant Professor Sam Ku U.S. Army Command and General Staff College 86 Is the Morality of War Plausible in a Diverse World? John Madden 99 The Proliferation of Decentralized Trust Technology Alexander G. Mullin 107 WORTH NOTING Copyright 2018, CGSC Foundation, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this journal may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means without the written permission of the CGSC Foundation, Inc. 112 BOOK REVIEW SIMONS CENTER EDITORIAL BOARD David A. Anderson, DBA Professor, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College Maj. Gen. Allen W. Batschelet, U.S. Army, Ret. Col. Adrian T. Bogart III, U.S. Army G. Michael Denning Director, Kansas University Graduate Military Programs William G. Eckhardt Teaching Professor Emeritus, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Law Ralph M. Erwin Senior Geospatial Intelligence Officer, National Geospatial Agency Liaison to U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command Howard M. Hensel, Ph.D. Professor, U.S. Air Force Air War College Gary R. Hobin Assistant Professor, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College Col. Bart Howard, U.S. Army, Ret. Lt. Col. George Kristopher Hughes, U.S. Army U.S. Army Command and General Staff College Gene Kamena Chair, Department of Leadership and Warfighting, U.S. Air Force Air War College Jack D. Kem, Ph.D. Associate Dean of Academics, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College Brig. Gen. Wendell C. King, Ph.D., U.S Army, Ret. Brig. Gen. Eugene J. LeBoeuf, U.S. Army, Ph.D. Deputy Commanding General, U.S. Army Africa Steven M. Leonard Program Director, MS-Business and Organizational Leadership, Kansas University James B. Martin, Ph.D. Dean of Academics, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College Wilburn E. Meador, Jr. Assistant Professor, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College Gustav A. Otto, Ph.D. Defense Intelligence Agency William T. Pugh Assistant Professor, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College James H. Willbanks, Ph.D. George C. Marshall Chair of Military History, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College Mark R. Wilcox Assistant Professor, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College Donald P. Wright, Ph.D. Deputy Director, Army University Press From the Editor-in-Chief The InterAgency Journal is pleased to partner with the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College’s Department of Command and Leadership to bring you this special edition on Ethics. I thank Dr. Ted Thomas and Chaplain (Lt. Col.) Jeff McKinney for their work in hosting the 2018 Fort Leavenworth Ethics Symposium at which these papers were presented. Ethical conduct in government service is a topic of concern for not only those of us who are practitioners but also of the citizens of our nation whom we represent. Life-long professional learning calls for us to think about various ethical considerations and to keep appropriate conduct in the forefront as we do our work. This collection of select essays from the 2018 Fort Leavenworth Ethics Conference affords us the opportunity to consider a variety of ethical considerations in the security arena. I think you will find these articles both informative and thought provoking. If you or your organization have expertise on a particular topic and desire to work with the Simons Center to add your thoughts to the interagency discourse through publication of a special edition issue of the InterAgency Journal, please contact our managing editor. Thank you for reading this issue of the InterAgency Journal. The Simons Center continues to strive to improve our utility to the interagency community. Your feedback is always welcome. I invite you to visit our website where you can stay abreast of the latest interagency happenings through our “News You Can Use” feature and benefit from our various interagency speakers’ presentations. – RMC Hidden Changes in Organizational Culture and Their Lasting Effects by Christopher R. Allen and Ted A. Thomas e continue to see reports of unethical practices within trusted organizations, oftentimes committed by good people. What causes these individuals to act out of character, especially when their organizations advocate upholding core ethical values? WOrganizations experience evolutionary culture changes over time when there is conflict between the espoused values organizations strive to uphold and the enacted values of individuals within the organizations. Members of an organization will conform behaviors based on their experiences derived from the decisions of leaders, not from a list of organizational values. The purpose of this paper is to help understand culture change and the ethical impacts it can have on individuals by applying organizational change theories to the United States Navy’s “Fat Leonard” scandal. The paper explores ways for leaders to identify conflicting values within their organizations and highlight some of the available tools to understand where to implement change to realign the organization. The U.S. Navy and “Fat Leonard” The United States Navy is an organization founded on the core values of honor, courage, and commitment. The current mission “to maintain, train and equip combat-ready Naval forces capable of winning wars, deterring aggression and maintaining freedom of the seas,” requires professional sailors to uphold the highest standards in a variety of contexts as they carry out their 1 duties in multi-cultural environments. The Navy has fought in ten major wars to help protect the United States’ national interests, and continues to serve worldwide with over 100 bases and ports of Major Christopher Allen is a U.S. Army officer currently assigned to the 3 Combat Aviation Brigade, 3rd Infantry Division at Hunter Army Airfield. He holds a M.A. in Organizational Psychology and Leadership from Columbia University and a B.A. in Information Systems Engineering from the United States Military Academy. Ted Thomas, Ph.D., Lieutenant Colonel, U.S. Army, Retired, is Director of the Department of Command and Leadership in the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. Thomas graduated from the United States Military Academy and served in various command and staff positions before retiring. He received a master’s from the University of Illinois, and a Ph.D. from Missouri University of Science and Technology. Arthur D. Simons Center for Interagency Cooperation, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas FEATURES | 5 2 call. It is organized into fleet forces strategically Punctuated Equilibrium positioned around the world. Each fleet must in the Seventh Fleet tailor its own mission and set of espoused values Organizations are open systems, continuously to the specific needs of a unique geographic 8 interacting with their external environment. operating environment while upholding the Dr. Connie Gersick, an organizational Navy’s core values. behaviorist, describes punctuated equilibrium in organizational culture as changes in the external Organizations are open systems, environment that have a transformational impact continuously interacting with on an organization operating in a steady state. their external environment. She uses three domains to explain how and when change occurs: deep structure, equilibrium 9 periods, and revolutionary periods. Dr. Gersick These fleets are subordinate organizations defines deep structure as “the set of fundamental of the Navy, espousing to serve with honor, choices an organization makes as to how it courage, and commitment.
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