Ecological Status Assessment of Dr. Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary and Estuarine Areas of Chorao Island CMPA Technical Report Series No
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1 Ecological Status Assessment of Dr. Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary and Estuarine Areas of Chorao Island CMPA Technical Report Series No. 04 Ecological Status Assessment of Dr. Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary and Estuarine Areas of Chorao Island Authors Dr. Fraddry D’Souza, Asha Giriyan, Dr. Chetan Gaonkar Kavita Patil, Santosh Gad Published by Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH Indo-German Biodiversity Programme (IGBP), GIZ-India, A-2/18, Safdarjung Enclave, New Delhi - 110029, India E-Mail: [email protected] Web: www.giz.de July 2015 Responsible Dr. Konrad Uebelhör, Director, GIZ Photo Credit Thorsten Hiepko, GIZ Design and Layout Commons Collective, Bangalore [email protected] Disclaimer The views expressed in this document are solely those of the authors and may not in any circumstances be regarded as stating an official position of the Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change (MoEFCC), Government of India, nor the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety (BMUB) or the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH. The designation of geographical entities and presentation of material in this document do not imply the expression or opinion whatsoever on the part of MoEFCC, BMUB, or GIZ concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Reference herein to any specific organization, consulting firm, service provider or process followed does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation or favouring by MoEFCC, BMUB or GIZ. Citation D’Souza Fraddry, A. Giriyan, C. Gaonkar, K. Patil and S. Gad. 2015. Ecological Status Assessment of Dr. Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary and the Estuarine Areas of Chorao Island. CMPA Technical Series No. 04. Indo-German Biodiversity Programme, GIZ- India. New Delhi. Ecological Status Assessment of Dr. Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary and Estuarine Areas of Chorao Island Dr. Fraddry D’Souza, Asha Giriyan, Dr. Chetan Gaonkar Kavita Patil, Santosh Gad (The Energy Resources Institute -TERI) July 2015 CMPA Technical Report Series 04 Indo-German Biodiversity Programme Conservation and Sustainable Management of Coastal and Marine Protected Areas Ecological Status Assessment of Dr. Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary and Estuarine Areas of Chorao Island P a g e s P Chapters LIST OF ACRONYMS vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ix EXECUTIVE SUMMARY xi INTRODUCTION 01 Background of the Study ......................................................................................................... 01 1 About the Study ...................................................................................................................... 02 METHODOLOGY 03 iii Study Area .............................................................................................................................. 03 2 Sampling Methodology ............................................................................................................ 05 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 11 Habitat Distribution and Human Impacts ................................................................................ 11 3 Population, Community Structure and Composition .............................................................. 18 Environmental Indicators (Water and Sediment Quality) ........................................................ 28 Relationship between Benthic Fauna and Environmental Factors .......................................... 34 BIBLIOGRAPHY 37 LIST OF ANNEXURES Annexure 1 Pore Water Salinity of the Sediment in S.A.B.S. and Mankule Island ............ 40 Annexure 2 Sediment Composition of S.A.B.S. and Mankule Island ................................. 42 Annexure 3 Heavy Metal Concentration in the Sediment of S.A.B.S. And Mankule Island ....................................................................................... 44 Ecological Status Assessment of Dr. Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary and Estuarine Areas of Chorao Island LIST OF TABLES Table 1 Sampling Station with the GPS Coordinates ................................................... 06 Table 2 Different Habitat Types of Chorao Island ....................................................... 11 Table 3 Habitats Details of S.A.B.S and its Adjacent Areas ......................................... 15 Table 4 Mangrove Habitat Structure Characteristics and Distribution ....................... 16 Table 5 Mangrove Species Distribution in the S.A.B.S. and Mankule Island ............... 19 Table 6 Mangrove Species Composition in The S.A.B.S and Mankule Island .............. 21 Table 7 Diversity Indices of the Flora at the Study Area ............................................. 24 Table 8 Mean Biodiversity Indices of Flora at The S.A.B.S and Mankule Island .......... 25 Table 9 Macrofaunal Groups Recorded at the Study Area .......................................... 26 Table 10 Mean Diversity Indices of Fauna at the Study Area ....................................... 29 Table 11 Spatial Variation in Physico-chemical Parameters in Water and TRIX Index ..................................................................................... 31 Table 12 Spatial Variation in Biotic Parameters of Water ............................................. 32 iv Table 13 Sediment Characteristics of the Mangrove Habitat of S.A.B.S. And Mankule Island .......................................................................... 34 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 Map of Chorao Island Showing S.A.B.S. and Mankule Island ......................... 04 Figure 2 Aerial Photograph of S.A.B.S. and Mankule Island ......................................... 05 Figure 3 Sampling Design for Determining Community Composition in Different Intertidal Zone ................................................................................................ 06 Figure 4 Geo-Tagging of the Mangrove Species along with Measuring of the Tree Girth ................................................................................................. 07 Figure 5 Sampling of Epibenthic and Infauna in Mangrove of S.A.B.S. ........................ 08 Figure 6 Map of S.A.B.S. Showing the Stations of Water Sampling ............................. 09 Figure 7 DJI Phantom Vision 2 Drone Used for Aerial Photography of Mangrove ....... 10 Figure 8 Map Showing Different Habitat Types of the Chorao Island .......................... 12 Figure 9 Contour Map of the Chorao Island ................................................................. 13 Figure 10 Maps Showing Creeks and Different Habitats of S.A.B.S. and its Adjacent Areas .............................................................................................................. 14 Figure 11 Habitat Areas of Newly Formed Mankule Island ............................................ 15 Figure 12 Average Tree Height at Different Transects in Both S.A.B.S. and Mankule Island .............................................................................................. 17 17 Ecological Status Assessment of Dr. Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary and Estuarine Areas of Chorao Island Figure 14 Geo-tagged Identified Mangrove Species at Each Location in S.A.B.S. and Mankule Island............................................................................ 20 Figure 15 Total Abundance of Flora in the S.A.B.S. and Mankule Island ........................ 21 Figure 16 Distribution of Mangrove Species in the Mankule Island and Transect 6 (mid-tide) ............................................................................... 22 Figure 17 Aerial Photograph of the Section of Mankule Island ...................................... 23 Figure 18 Photos of Some of the Species that were Present in the S.A.B.S. and Mankule Island ........................................................................................ 25 Figure 19 Total Abundance of Fauna in the S.A.B.S. and Mankule Island ...................... 27 Figure 20 Percentage Distribution of Major Macrofauna Group in the Intertidal Zones of S.A.B.S .............................................................................. 28 Figure 21 Biomass of Fauna Recorded at the Study Area ............................................... 29 Figure 22 Number of Crab Burrows Recorded at the Study Area ................................... 30 Figure 23 Variation In Organic Carbon and Pore Water Salinity at Different v Tidal Zone in S.A.B.S. and Mankule Island ...................................................... 33 Figure 24 Average Percentage Composition of Sand, Silt and Clay of the Sediment at Different Intertidal Zone at S.A.B.S. and Mankule Island ........................... 35 Figure 25 Heavy Metal Distribution in the Sediment of S.A.B.S. and Mankule Island ... 35 Ecological Status Assessment of Dr. Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary and Estuarine Areas of Chorao Island List of Acronyms Al Aluminium BOD Biological oxygen demand CMPA Coastal and Marine Protected Areas Cr Chromium Cu Copper DBH Stem Diameter DO Dissolved oxygen Fe Iron GBH Trunk girth at breast height HT High tide ICPOES Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometer LT Low tide Mn Manganese MoEFCC Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change MPAs Marine protected areas MT Mid tide Ni Nickel NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration OC Organic carbon vii OM Organic matter Pb Lead PRIMER Plymouth Routines In Multivariate Environmental Research S.A.B.S. Dr. Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary SPM Suspended particulate