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Home , Exotic meson, Matter, Top quark

21 Friday, March 20, 1998 Number 6 INSIDE f CDF Corrals the 3 Tom Droege 4 LHC Milestone Last of the 6 ....at least the last of the normal ones 9 Director Search by Judy Jackson, Office of Public Affairs 10 Toward 2000 By tradition, announce Physicist Shin-Hong Kim, of Tsukuba discoveries first at their own laboratory, and University in Japan, presented “the discovery researchers from CDF, the Collider Detector of a non-elementary ” to an all-Fermilab at Fermilab, carried on the tradition with a audience. Kim explained the CDF researchers’ March 5 seminar presenting the newest methods for identifying the Bc from its decay member of the family, the Bc meson. products and separating the particle’s distinctive Fifty years ago, scientists discovered the electronic signal from meson-mimicking first meson, the , in cosmic rays on a continued on page 2 Tsukuba University mountaintop. CDF’s newly minted particle, physicist Shin-Hong the Bc (“Bee Sub See”), a combination of a Kim, of CDF, discussed charm and an antibottom quark, created uu ud us uc ub + + + the discovery of a new in collisions at the , is likely to be the π°,η,η' π K D° at a Fermilab last of the quark-antiquark pairs that constitute seminar on March 5. normal garden-variety mesons. dd ds dc db π°,η,η' K° D- B° ss sc sb - η,η' Ds B°s cc cb + J/ψ Bc bb Y Photo by Reidar Hahn uu ud us uc ub π°,η,η' π+ K+ D° B+

dd ds dc db π°,η,η' K° D- B°

Photo by Reidar Hahn Meet ss sc sb Rutgers physicist and CDF collaborator η,η - Tom Devlin at the seminar announcing the Bc. the ' Ds B°s Mesons

Last of the esons are made of cc cb Mesons M the fundamental ψ + called and their , J/ Bc continued from page 1 antiquarks. A quark plus an antiquark combine—very briefly— background events. Kim said the collaboration to make a meson. Quarks come in six bb had determined a of about 6.4 GeV/c2 flavors—up, down, strange, charm, bottom and for the Bc (for reference, the mass of the top—but top quarks don’t live long enough for Y 2 is about 1 GeV/c ) and a whirlwind Bc lifetime meson formation. The remaining five quarks and of about .46 picoseconds. five antiquarks can combine to make mesons. The CDF collaboration is a team of 450 But 10 of these combinations are merely physicists from 39 universities and laboratories antiparticles of another 10, and those are regarded as from seven countries. Data from the high- equivalent. (Up-antidown equals antiup-down.) That particle collisions in the experiment’s leaves 15 possible combinations. Until now, physicists had collider detector yield results on a wide range discovered 14 in particle collisions in cosmic rays or particle of topics—the is another example. accelerators. Now CDF has captured the final meson Different teams within the collaboration combination, the Bc, made of a and an anti-b. concentrate on particular areas of The chart shows the possible quark-antiquark . combinations. Each box includes an example of a meson containing that combination. Some mesons are mixtures Kim said the B team studied 100 million c of different combinations of quark-antiquark pairs. For proton- collisions for evidence of the example the π° is a mixture of uu and dd. B ’s unique characteristics. Of the 31 events c Earlier attempts to find the Bc meson by CDF and groups that passed muster as possible Bc mesons, as at CERN gave provocative hints of its , but were many as a dozen could be explained away as able only to place upper limits on its production rate. mistaken-identity background from other Besides the 15 “normal” quark-antiquark mesons, processes. That left 19 events that could not theorists speculate that other exotic types of meson may be background. The odds were better than a exist. Last year, an experiment at Brookhaven National million to one that the experimenters were Laboratory found evidence for what may be the first seeing something new. Measurements of the example of such an . new particle’s mass, lifetime and production rate then clinched its identification as the Bc. Discussion at the seminar was lively, with From across the accelerator ring came members of the audience giving particular congratulations from colleagues at the DZero scrutiny to the collaboration’s calculation of experiment. backgrounds. CDF researchers said they plan to “While I was not able to hear the CDF submit the paper announcing the discovery of seminar,” said DZero cospokesman Hugh the Bc to D very shortly. Montgomery, “the Bc discovery doesn’t Meanwhile, CDF collaborators wrestled surprise me. CDF has produced a series of with how to tell the rest of the world about world-class B physics results and has clearly their new meson. While some proposed established the collider as a preeminent introducing the new particle with a certain B physics tool. If I were a betting man, I would fanfare, others favored a distinctly low-profile put a few dollars on the Tevatron in the race to approach. find CP violation in B physics.” ■ 2 FermiNews March 20, 1998 He has spent $50,000 of his savings on the instruments, which he calls “peanuts” compared to the cost of software. “It’s really a multimillion-dollar software project,” Droege said. “The way we’re getting the software done is luring people through the Internet, people who are fascinated by the problem and interested in and willing to write pieces of the code.” It all began with a comet, a chip, and a collection of camera lenses he bought for $19 each. When the comet Shoemaker/Levy collided with Jupiter in the summer of 1994, Droege imagined building a comet-searching device. On the Internet, he linked up with real-world astronomers who urged him to redirect his efforts toward measuring variable stars. “A star might go nova,” Droege said, “and if we’ve got measurements for the last three weeks showing how it developed, that would be fantastic. The earlier you catch this happening, the more scientific information you have and Photos by Fred Ullrich the more exciting it is to astronomers.” Tom Droege works on one of his homemade detectors. Inset: Droege’s latest-model The information is collected through is mounted atop an addition to his home. a manual-focus camera lens and recorded on the type of CCD found in a fax machine, then relayed to a computer. “The sky is moving—actually the Tom Droege and is rotating—but if you put a lens in front of it, and put a fax chip under the lens, it’s just like drawing a piece of His Celestial Fax Machine paper through a fax machine,” Droege said. “The technique is called drift By Mike Perricone, Office of Public Affairs scanning. You don’t need to have any Imagine a fax machine that could He has been successful enough moving parts in the device in order to transmit a page as big as the sky. to attract the cooperation of noted take the picture.” Tom Droege imagined it, and built astronomer Bhodan Paczynski of Droege set up earlier cameras in his it. Now the world is beating a path Princeton University, who has contri- backyard, but the latest is on the roof of to his Website, and he is directing an buted filters and charge-coupled devices a new addition to his Batavia home—an international collaboration with close (CCDs). Paczynski also is attempting to addition that includes a 500-square-foot to 200 members in 14 countries. place one of Droege’s detectors at the workspace. On the lower level is a small “It’s the best kind of collaboration— Las Campanas observatory in Chile, swimming pool where Droege can swim no meetings, no structure, no boss,” said where he is collaborating on the All-Sky in place for exercise; at 67, he has had Droege, looking over a long list of e-mail Automated Survey. two hip replacements. messages on his computer. What Droege has undertaken, with “I saved all my and invested The Amateur Sky Survey (TASS) a core group of about a dozen regular well,” he said. “I can finance enough of grew from Droege’s search for a Internet collaborators, is a whole-sky this project to keep me busy until “retirement project.” He has been an survey to record variable stars. He has I die.” ■ electrical engineer and instrument shipped 22 homemade detectors, using designer for 35 years, some 25 of them what he calls “high school ,” at Fermilab. He’s now working half- to amateur astronomers across the The Amateur Sky Survey at the Lab, but as he looked ahead country and in Canada. They repay him website address: toward retirement, he wanted the fun by writing segments of the software to http://www.tass-survey.org/ of running his own project instead of catalog the data collected from a a constant assistant. 3-degree-wide band of sky.

FermiNews March 20, 1998 3 U.S. LHC Project Passes a Milestone

Lehmann review panel agrees to baseline U.S. LHC Accelerator Project by Judy Jackson, Office of Public Affairs With the eyes of much of the U.S. high- energy physics community upon them, the collaborators in the first-ever U.S. project to help build a foreign accelerator cleared an important hurdle late last month. Not only did they clear it, in fact, but the main question that emerged from the February 23-26 Lehman Review of the U.S. LHC Accelerator Project was whether the bar might be set too low. The review committee’s job, as defined by its chair, the Department of Energy’s Dan Lehman, in his letter to panel members, was to “review and assess the technical feasibility of achieving the proposed contribution of the

DOE Laboratory Collaboration, the credibility Photos by Reidar Hahn of the associated cost and schedule estimates, and the adequacy of the management plan to The Lehman review of the U.S. LHC Fermilab engineers Deepak accomplish the scope of work.” Accelerator Project, a Fermilab-led Chichili, Igor Novitski and Fred Nobrega examine the After examining the technical and collaboration of Brookhaven National electromagnetic coils at the managerial aspects of the project in detail, Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and Fermilab, had a high profile. At heart of HGQS02, test the tell-it-like-it-is panel of DOE officials and model of the interaction a December 8 ceremony in Washington, held expert consultants agreed that the project, a region superconducting three-laboratory collaboration that will help to mark the signing of the agreement between quadrupole that build and install components of the new Large U.S. and CERN on U.S. participation in the Fermilab will build for the to be built at CERN, should new European accelerator, officials on both LHC at CERN. be baselined. sides called the U.S./LHC agreement an What does baselining mean? According to unprecedented partnership. Lehman, it signifies that the review committee “When we sign this agreement,” Energy is satisfied “that the project has been adequately Secretary Federico Peña said, “it will mark the developed so that a quantitative expression of first time the U.S. government has agreed to project scope, schedule and cost elements can contribute significantly to the construction, be defined. Establishing a baseline includes through domestically produced hardware and setting technical, cost, and schedule criteria to technical resources, of an accelerator outside of serve as a standard for measuring the our borders.” performance and progress of the project.” The to complete the U.S. LHC Subsequent Lehman reviews then assess a contributions on time and on budget goes project’s progress with respect to the baseline. still higher because of the Congressionally- Not every initial project review results in a mandated $531 million cap on total U.S. baseline. Last year, Lehman reviews of the funding for the LHC accelerator and detector projects over the next seven years. Whereas US/CMS and US/ATLAS projects that will Physicist Mike Harrison, of help construct the LHC’s two main detectors other projects may sometimes have a little Brookhaven, and Tony sent those projects back to the drawing board. wiggle room for unanticipated cost increases, Chargin, a reviewer from ATLAS recently achieved baseline on its second there is no such margin for the U.S./LHC Lawrence Livermore try. CMS will try again this spring. projects. By law, they cannot exceed the National Laboratory, during funding cap. a break in proceedings.

4 FermiNews March 20, 1998 Thus, project managers must plan the scope of their LHC contributions to leave a large enough margin of funding to provide for unexpected contingencies that may arise during the course of the project. One question that Lehman reviewers always ask for every large construction project is whether the contingency funding is adequate for the level of risk the project entails. For the U.S. LHC Accelerator Project, the review committee concluded that not only was the contingency adequate, but perhaps it was more than adequate. To be on the safe side, Project Manager Jim Strait and his colleagues had “descoped” their project somewhat from the initial plans for the U.S. accelerator contribution. Maybe, the review committee suggested, there was room to “rescope” a little. “The Accelerator Project Office should develop plans and decision dates for increasing scope as the actual costs accrue and contingency [funding] may become available,” the committee stated in its recommendations at the review’s closeout. “The Committee supports the FY1998 work plan and scope of deliverables but recommends the re-evaluation of costs and Photos by Reidar Hahn schedules with the goal of producing a plan out over seven years some tasks that, the DOE's Bruce Strauss, left, for increasing the list of US deliverables to committee believed, could be accomplished in organized the review. CERN.” four. Stretching out the time, they said, also U.S./LHC Accelerator The review committee also noted that makes the project cost more. The committee Project Manager Jim there seemed to be plenty of time to recommended exploring with CERN ways to Strait, of Fermilab, center, and Deputy LHC Division accomplish the project’s goals and worried make funds available ahead of the U.S. funding Leader Tom Taylor, of that scientists might become bored by spinning schedule in order to “accelerate and also optimize CERN, noted reviewers' the U.S. tasks.” recommendations during CERN physicist Tom Taylor, deputy LHC the closeout session. Division leader, welcomed the committee’s comments. “We have been egging him on to take in more scope,” Taylor said of Project Manager Strait. “It would be in our mutual interest. We all want to build as much as we can with the money we have. We at CERN are limited in money as well. I thank the reviewers for their encourage- ment for the U.S. to take in more scope.” For his part, Strait told the review panel he would take their recommendations extremely seriously. “We have not been happy with the reduced scope,” Strait said. “We hope to add scope as contingency becomes available.” Fermilab physicist Steve Holmes, project manager for the $230 million Main Injector project now nearing completion at Fermilab, Jim Kerby, Fermilab LHC project manager and Bill Barletta, division national Project Manager Jim Strait, moments called the review panel’s conclusions “a real vote director of the before the closeout of a review they had of confidence from DOE.” Accelerator and Fusion prepared for during many months. "I'm going “If the reviewers thought there might be too Research Division at to spend the day with my kids tomorrow," much contingency, they must have felt that those Berkeley Lab, listened Kerby said after the closeout. "I want to be guys understood their scope and their costs very as reviewers presented sure they remember who I am." well,” Holmes said. ■ their findings.

FermiNews March 20, 1998 5 Photo by Reidar Hahn

Theoretical astrophysicist Rocky Kolb says, “So now we have a that The Cosmological Constant has dark , , a cosmological constant, Is All the Rage ; and if have mass, then there’s more than one type of With data streaming in from observations of supernovae, theoretical (hot, cold, astrophysicists are revisiting Einstein’s “biggest blunder.” warm). Who needs all this stuff?” by Sharon Butler, Office of Public Affairs It may be a Kuhnian paradigm shift, or it constant. In the 1920s, to “correct” the may be a big mistake. equations in his theory of , Two sets of astronomical observations now Einstein had inserted a cosmological constant, have come to the same cautious conclusion. By symbolized by a capital lambda. His equations measuring the brightnesses of supernovae had shown the universe to be dynamic, either millions of -years away and calculating their expanding forever or contracting to infinite distances and the rates at which they are , a philosophically unacceptable state of receding, astronomers say that the expansion of affairs. With his cosmological constant to offset the universe is not decelerating, as they and ’s pull, Einstein could keep the universe everyone else had expected. Instead, they say, just where it was. But E.P. Hubble discovered the universe is flying apart faster than ever 13 years later that the universe was indeed before. expanding, and Einstein discarded his If that’s true, then perhaps mathematical fix, calling it the “biggest blunder never should have thrown away his cosmological of my life.”

6 FermiNews March 20, 1998 Now, however, faced with compelling evidence from observations of supernovae, cosmologists say the concept may have some merit after all. It’s either “really profound or completely wrong” says Rocky Kolb, of Fermilab’s Theoretical Group and the University of Chicago. “People have found cosmological constants before,” he jokes. “It’s usually the last refuge of scoundrels.” Supernovae data Collecting data from supernovae is not easy, says Heidi Newberg, a Fermilab experimental astrophysicist who earlier worked with one of the two scientific collaborations that collected the supernovae data. “A supernova that is far enough away to be useful for cosmological measurements is visible only with the world’s top [and only] for a couple of months.” The telescopes need to be fitted with advanced cameras (called charge-coupled devices) that can cover large areas of the sky and probe deeply into . The scientists don’t know where the supernovae will appear, just as shooting stars take you by surprise. But a certain percentage of stars are bound to go off.

Once they do, astronomers then follow them Photo by Reidar Hahn with different telescopes around the world, Experimental charting how the brightnesses of the exploding astrophysicist Heidi stars vary with time. Newberg collected “Finding the 40 supernovae that reams of data on tape [challenged] our understanding of the when she participated universe took eight years of writing proposals, in the Supernova developing software, building up a record Project’s of success (to allow access to the better first search for distant telescopes), and sticking to the search despite supernovae. the , uncooperative instruments, and critics,” Newberg says. As for the proposed cosmological constant, Newberg says, “It may be that reintroducing lambda is the right thing to do and that it will solve all of the problems. However, it is too October 30, 1995 early to tell whether this is the right choice. One might be able to change relativity in some A view of distant other way, or to change one of the other galaxies (left), with a assumptions we have made about the universe.” closeup of one (top) energy and a supernova that For now, though, the cosmological Supernova later appeared. From the Supernova constant, or some variation, is all the rage. Cosmology Project, one Theoretical astrophysicists know the of two collaborations cosmological constant as the energy associated whose data appear with a vacuum, not as an antigravity force, to show that the as some journalists have called it. expansion of the Contrary to intuition, a vacuum is not November 20, 1995 universe is accelerating. empty at all. “In the world, the vacuum is a busy place,” says Fermilab

continued on page 8 FermiNews March 20, 1998 7 cosmological constant is so very small— only about 10-29 or 10-30 grams per centimeter cubed. Coming from the perspective of , Fermilab’s theoretical astrophysicists reckon that the constant should be 120 orders of magnitude larger than it apparently is— which makes astrophysicists think that the cosmological constant is no constant after all. “The usual assumption physicists have made is that there is some yet-to-be-discovered principle that drives the cosmological constant to zero, regardless of what other quantum physics may be affecting the vacuum energy,” says Lykken. “In that case, the cosmological constant changes with time, slowly ‘relaxing’ to zero over a period of perhaps billions of years. This is a reasonable idea, but nobody has the slightest idea of how to really make it work.” One alternative is a class of models called quintessence, after ’s fifth element of matter. Like the later aether, quintessence was supposed to permeate the heavens. The models try to show how a cosmic energy density might Photo by Reidar Hahn vary in both time and space. Experimental astrophysicist Roger Dixon says, Josh Frieman, head of Fermilab’s “When you think about it, something pushed Theoretical Astrophysics Group, has developed the universe apart in the first place. It would one such model in collaboration with Chris surprise me if that or force turned itself Hill, of the Theoretical Particle Physics Group. off in the meantime, but I’m just a simple, The model uses a pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone country experimentalist.” , a light particle associated with -breaking, and describes how the vacuum energy might be small today but evolve Intrigued? On March 31, Cosmological Constant to a value of zero. The advantage of the model, Fermilab’s Theoretical and continued from page 7 Frieman says, is that such particles—, for Experimental Astrophysics example—do exist; Frieman and his colleagues groups and Theoretical are just using the particles in a different Physics Group will hold a theoretical particle physicist Joe Lykken, “and context. one-hour “News from the its energy density is typically not zero.” The Superstring theory also offers an alternative Universe,” with short energy arises from quantum-mechanical to explain the cosmological constant. Tom presentations on the recent interactions: the creation and of Banks, of Rutgers University, has offered experimental results and virtual particles and antiparticles. By stretching speculations derived from superstring theory their theoretical and space, the vacuum energy counteracts gravity’s and the study of black holes. He used cosmological implications. relentless pull. measurements of the cosmic background Also, May 1–3, the In recent years, this vacuum energy has microwave radiation and the hypothetical scale Theoretical Astrophysics found a useful place in cosmological models. of symmetry-breaking in the most popular Group, with the University For if the universe is flat, as theory models of . According to of Pennsylvania, will suggests, then it must have a certain critical Lykken, Banks came up with a constant that sponsor a workshop titled density to keep it balanced between two fates: roughly agreed with the supernovae “The Missing Energy in the ever-expansion or ultimate collapse. The trouble observations. Universe,” with feature is, astronomers have never been able to find “Still, it is much too early to conclude talks by many of the experi- enough matter—whether standard baryonic what, if anything, superstrings will teach us mentalists and theorists matter or more exotic dark matter—to preserve about the cosmological constant,” says Lykken. working on the problem. See this balance. As much as 70 percent of the With the data accumulating from the http:///www.physics.upenn. matter needed is missing, and the cosmological supernovae observations, theorists can begin edu/~www/astro-cosmo/ constant has been called in to fill the gap. to test alternative models of the cosmological caldwell/workshop/ for That the cosmological constant may indeed constant. But for now, Frieman says, “We’re updated information. exist, then, comes as no surprise for theoretical still groping.” ■ astrophysicists. The surprise is that the

8 FermiNews March 20, 1998 The Search Is On

Who will Fermilab’s next director be? by Sharon Butler, Office of Public Affairs He or she must be “absolutely would know as little as possible about With the announcement by John devoted to high-energy physics,” said accelerators—presumably because he Peoples that he intends to retire in July G.P. Yeh, a physicist in the CDF would prefer the director didn’t meddle. 1999 as Fermilab’s director, Universities collaboration. “The person must have a Management skills seemed to be less Research Association, Inc., which vision for the direction of high-energy of a priority, although one beleaguered oversees the laboratory’s operation, is physics, and has to be respected by all physicist, who asked to remain busy appointing a search committee for of us in the field.” anonymous, said the director should not Peoples’ successor. By the end of March, And of course, Yeh added, the be like Pascal’s law, which states that URA hopes to be able to announce the person has to be “great, fair, and all pressure applied to a is transmitted names of the committee’s members and that stuff.” Whether the person is an undiminished to all parts of the fluid; i.e., chair and to have in hand a formal experimentalist or a theorist, or from “pressure applied to the top of a charge for the committee setting out the outside Fermilab or inside, is not [should not be] transmitted undiminished criteria and deadline for the selection important, Yeh said. to all parts of the hierarchy.” process. Fermilab engineer Dave McGinnis, Social skills figured on some people’s URA has promised to find the asked what criteria he would use to lists, too. Mark Leininger, of the “best possible person to lead Fermilab select Fermilab’s next director, was Computing Division, put it succinctly: through the early years of the 21st hesitant at first to comment because, The director needs to have “a head for ■ century.” To make that possible, it is he said, “whenever I open my mouth and a heart for people.” setting up an interactive Web page, I seem to get in trouble.” But then he linked with Fermilab’s, that will allow decided he would allow FermiNews to quote him “since I’m always the high-energy physics community to 1989 communicate with committee members. in trouble.” Meanwhile, however, Fermilab He said his The top quark made employees and users already have their “dream its first appearance on John Peoples’ watch. own ideas about the kinds of credentials director” the next director should have. On top of the list for most people were: a vision for the future of high- 1978 1999 energy physics, a strong reputation within the scientific community, and commitment to the field.

1967

The Tevatron saw its first proton- antiproton collisions while Leon Lederman was director.

Fermilab employees and users expect great things Robert Wilson, Fermilab’s from their next director. founding director, built the Laboratory’s first accelerator.

FermiNews March 20, 1998 9 RunII All the king’s horses and all the king’s men Upgrade Are busy putting the detectors together again.

UpDate by Sharon Butler, Office of Public Affairs 2000 ast month, Scott Doer, of Lab 5, to pick the calorimeter up off the floor, L stood on the high gallery in the rotate it and set it in its rightful place. CDF assembly hall shaking his head It was a frustrating day. The as he watched workers in the pit below calorimeter had to be bolted onto the mounting what looked like an oversized end plug with flat-head screws, and the tin hockey puck on the face of the bolts weren’t lining up with the holes on detector’s east end plugs. “I’ve been the inner mounting ring. Workers waiting for this moment for almost consulted on an elevated platform, seven years,” he said. climbed onto the calorimeter, wiped their That’s how long the lab has been brows and consulted some more. One of building the fiber optic and scintillating them yanked at the 13-ton calorimeter, Photo by Reidar Hahn panels (called pizza pans because of their trying to make the holes at the outer and wedge shape) that go inside the hockey inner diameters align. puck, officially called an electromagnetic Then word came up. “We got a calorimeter. little grinding to do,” someone said. At 13 tons, the calorimeter is a giant, The calorimeter wasn’t sitting right unwieldy case that measures the because the inside ring was too long, by of the particles passing through it. a mere three-sixteenths of an inch. Two Fermilab’s Meson Assembly Building days later, after some head scratching Shop constructed a special U-shaped and a lot more consulting, the workers contraption, itself weighing two tons, just coaxed the calorimeter into position and the installation was done. ■

ver at DZero, men in white coats are but more reliable G10 material— Obusy taking apart 22 of 100 giant “greenish, fiberglassy-looking sort of chambers that will sit around the outside stuff,” as Freeman described it. of the detector to track particles. Once the new pads are installed, The technicians have to pull their ends technicians will insert a fine hair of gold- Workers mount an electromagnetic off, to expose the multiple elongated cells plated wire through a tiny plug calorimeter on an end plug for the inside, and pull out the old wires and hole at the end of each cell and run it CDF detector. electronics, and the old pads on which through to the plug hole at the other copper conductors sat. end. “It amazes me that a human can In Run I, the pads had given off a put a 2/1000-inch wire through a that contaminated the muon 3/1000-inch hole, neither of which you chambers and ended up on the wires that can see,” said Haggerty. thread through each cell. DZero got The old electronic boards also have through the run by blowing the to be upgraded with new, faster, digital contamination off the wires with an ones, since the muon chambers require electrical discharge, according to Bill an “incredibly complicated readout Freeman, who is keeping a watchful eye system,” Haggerty said. on scheduling for the Run II upgrade. And what happens to the old “But that takes time, and it’s a electronics and the 60-some leftover complicated process,” said Herman muon chambers from Run I? The NuMI Haggerty, a physicist with DZero. “And experiment will use about half the since we’ll be running so high in the next chambers, but Haggerty nods regretfully run, with the increase in intensity, we at a row of trash cans lined up along the don’t want to have to be decontaminating wall, each filled with colorful these things every week.” motherboards: “We tried giving them So, each cell in the 22 muon away all over the world, even to China, chambers now has to be refitted with but we didn’t get any takers.” ■ new pads, constructed of more expensive

10 FermiNews March 20, 1998 LAB NOTES CALENDAR

Walk This Weigh MARCH 21 Introducing Walk This Weigh, a new walking & Fermilab Art Series presents: The Acting Company: management program sponsored by the Romeo & Juliet, $22. Performance begins at 8 p.m., Recreation Office. Now you can walk your way to a Ramsey Auditorium, Wilson Hall. For reservations healthier, more fit, energetic attractive version of or more information, call 840-ARTS. your current self with the all new Walk This Weigh program. This walking & weight management plan sets you on the path to better fitness by encouraging MARCH 24 consistent exercise and sensible eating. It’s not a diet Wellness Works presents: Covert Bailey video “Pot and it’s not a competition—it’s a weigh of life. This Bellies & Thunder Thighs” in 1 West at noon. 90 day program begins April 1 through June 30. Lunch served from ■ Exercise & weight management habits that MARCH 26 11:30 a.m. to 1 p.m. last a lifetime. Wellness Works presents: Katie Kreder, Cholesterol $8/person ■ 50 nutrition tips to decrease fat and cut calories Count Down, 1 West, noon-1 p.m. Dinner served at 7 p.m. without dieting. $20/person ■ Walking routines to keep you motivated. MARCH 27 ■ Healthy eating patterns that fit your lifestyle. For reservations, call x4512 Fermilab International Film Society presents: ■ Activities & incentives for added fun. Cakes for Special Occasions Dr. Strangelove or: How I learned to Stop Worrying Dietary Restrictions An “Apple A Day Helps You Walk This Weigh” and Love the Bomb, Dir: Stanley Kubrick, Great Contact Tita, x3524 kickoff event. Join us in the Atrium from 11:30- Britain (1963). Admission $4, in Ramsey 12:30 and pick up an apple before you start your Auditorium, Wilson Hall at 8 p.m. Walk This Weigh program. Apples will be available - to registrants only. Registration forms and program Lunch packets can be picked up at these locations: ONGOING Wednesday ■ Recreation Office, WH15W, x2548, x5427 NALWO coffee mornings, Thursdays, 10 a.m. in March 25 ■ Medical Office, WHGF the Users’ Center, call Selitha Raja, (630) 305–7769. ■ 1 West at the Covert Bailey video “Pot Bellies & In the Village , international folk dancing, Eggplant Rolls Thunder Thighs” March 24. Thursdays, 7:30–10 p.m., call Mady, (630) Escarole and Endive Salad 584–0825; Scottish country dancing Tuesdays, Apricot Cake Registration deadline is March 27. 7–9:30 p.m., call Doug, x8194. - Step Aerobics/Muscle Toning Dinner Step Aerobics - 9 week class Thursday Monday & Wednesday 5:30-6:30 p.m. MILESTONES March 26 March 30-May 27 Cost $54.00 Coquille St. Jacques HONORED Marinated and Grilled Muscle Toning - 9 week class ■ Rocky Kolb, by the Rib Lamb Chops Tuesday & Thursday American Astronautical Potato Gratin 5:30-6:30 p.m. Society. Kolb received the Cardamom Carrots March 31-May 28 1996 Eugene M. Emme Fresh Kiwi Tart Cost $54.00 Astronautical Literature Classes are held in the Recreation Facility and are Award for his book, - open to beginners as well as advanced exercisers. Blind Watchers of the Sky— Lunch Registration & payment must be made in the The People and Ideas That Wednesday Recreation Office or send a check payable to Shaped Our View of the ‘Bod Squad,’ to M.S. 126. Registration deadline is April 1 March 23. Must be a current facility member. Universe. Cheese & Pinto RETIRING Bean Quesadillas Fermilab Golf Leagues ■ Euhel Campbell, I.D. # 2861, on March 27, with Salsa Fresca Its almost spring and time to think about Golf! from Technical Division/ Material Control. Jicama & Romaine Salad Come join us for some fresh air, exercise and meet ■ with Cumin Vinaigrette new friends. Play begins in April and there are James Garry Sr., I.D.# 2614, on March 30, Papaya with Fresh Lime openings in all four leagues, for information call the from ES&H/Fire Group. following: ■ Donald Sorensen, I.D. # 2355, on March 31, Fox Valley - Tuesdays - April 7 from Beams Division/BE Engineering Support. - Michelle Gleason, x3211 or [email protected] Dinner DIED Thursday Gary Golinski, x4055 or [email protected] ■ August “Gus” Rehbein, formerly a designer in Hughes Creek- Tuesdays - April 28 April 2 the Beams Division, on January 8. Don Arnold, x2871 or [email protected] ■ Smoked Salmon with Capers Bob Andree, x3703 or [email protected] Frederick Lobkowicz, a Fermilab experimenter and professor of physics at the University of Lemon & Dill Fox Valley - Wednesdays - April 8 Cider-Marinated Grilled Terry O’Brien, x4851 or [email protected] Rochester, on February 3. Duck Breast Mike May, x4948 or [email protected] ■ Daniel Moline, formerly of the Computing with Spicy Mango Chutney Division, on February 8. St. Andrews - Wednesdays - April 22 Wild Rice with Mushrooms ■ David Hartness, of the Technical Vegetable of the Season Pat Liston, x2332 or [email protected] Division/Development and Test, on February 14. Strawberry Tart Sign up fees due April 1 to the league officers you ■ signed up with. Edward Heim, formerly of the Wilson Hall - Machine Shop, on March 7.

FermiNews March 20, 1998 11 CLASSIFIEDS

FOR SALE ■ Men’s hiking boots, Merrell , 8-1/2, ■ brand new, never used. Current cost $225, will sell ’96 Corvette, Collector’s Edition, Sebring Silver, $150 or reasonable offer. Mark, x4776, black interior, automatic, loaded, very clean, [email protected]. $27,000. Call Jim, x3371 or (815) 729-9072. ■ ■ ’94 Toyota Corolla, 4-dr., silver, 61K miles, Tickets for Naperville Men’s Glee Club Sunday a/c, automatic, power doors & locks, new tires, Concert, March 22. Naperville North High School 1.8L engine. Very clean, good condition, $8000 Auditorium, Mill Street & Ogden Avenue at 4 p.m. obo. Contact Janina, x4596 or (630) 837-7854 General admission, $10. Guest Performers are the after 4 p.m. University of Illinois Varsity Men’s Glee Club & Naperville North High School Boy’s Chorus. Call ■ ’92 Dodge Dakota red pick-up truck, 4 wheel (630) 653–5154 or Bill Wickenberg, x4381. drive, air, Am-Fm cassette, cruise, tilt wheel, http://arachne.cns.iit.edu/~nmgc/ Published by the automatic trans, bed liner, sliding rear window. Fermilab ■ Charming 2 BR house, beautiful hardwood Excellent condition. Many extras, $9950. Office of Public Affairs Call (847) 459–3520. floors, picket fence, bright kitchen w/large MS 206 ■ window, new roof, DeKalb. Only $92,500. Queen waterbed. Includes frame, mattress Call (815) 748–5966, ask for Stacy or Paul. P.O. Box 500 & bookshelf headboard. $150 obo. Contact Laura, Batavia, IL 60510 x4011, [email protected] or (630) 584–5781. ■ Two-unit house, Aurora, separate utilities, 630-840-3351 ■ Power Mac 7200/120, 120 MHz Power PC, newer furnaces & heaters. Updated plumbing, ferminews@ fnal.gov 601 RISC processor, 256 L2 cache, 16 MB electric, & bathrooms. Vinyl sided exterior. Enclosed expandable to 256 MB, 8 CD ROM, new, porches. Live in 1 unit & rent the other, $129,900. $1000. Call (630) 262–1834, or e-mail Call Glenn (815) 467–7309 for an appointment. Fermilab is operated by [email protected]. ■ Former spec home, lots of upgrades in Geneva. Universities Research ■ Nordic Track exercise ski machine, hardly ever Two story Colonial over 2300 sq.ft., 4 BR including Association, Inc., used $450 obo; Ski’s, Atomic Arc 195, Salomon 547 master suite w/sitting room, large living room, under contract with the dining room, family room w/fireplace, & kitchen Sport Bindings, size 12 US or 13 EU Trappeur U.S. Department of Energy. 2000 boots also have poles, ski & boot bag $200 w/breakfast nook, 2.5 baths. Master bath has obo. Call Terry, x4572 or e-mail [email protected]. separate shower stalls, whirlpool & skylight. Finished ■ basement, fenced backyard, large patio, $219,000. 4 - 15X8 Crager aluminum wheels & tires Contact Simon, (630) 208–0074 (evenings) or (fit Ford F150). 2 - 15X12 Centerline Wheels, [email protected]. brand new. Wes, x2258 or (630) 553–5317.

FERMILAB ARTS SERIES PRESENTS Shakespeare’s

The deadline for the ROMEO Friday, April 3, 1998, issue of FermiNews is & JULIET Tuesday, March 24. Please send your article submissions, classified PERFORMED BY advertisements and ideas THE ACTING COMPANY to the Public Affairs Office, MS 206 or e-mail [email protected]. In celebration of 25 years of theater FermiNews welcomes letters from readers. excellence, the Acting Company Please include your performs Shakespeare’s most beloved name and daytime story of tragic love, Romeo and Juliet phone number. at Fermilab’s Ramsey Auditorium on Photo by Susan Johann, c 1997 Saturday, March 21 at 8 p.m. Tickets “Customary though this observation are just $22. For further information has become, it must be repeated: ✩ U.S. GOVERNMENT or telephone reservations, call The Acting Company is one of this PRINTING OFFICE: 1998--646-054/80012 (630) 840–ARTS weekdays from country’s most exciting, creative and 9 to 4 p.m. impressive theater companies.”

50% ~ The Miami Herald TOTAL RECOVERED FIBER 10% POST-CONSUMER FIBER

12 FermiNews March 20, 1998