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Abstract Effect of Interactional
ABSTRACT Title of thesis: EFFECT OF INTERACTIONAL AERODYNAMICS ON COMPUTATIONAL AEROACOUSTICS OF SIKORSKY'S NOTIONAL X2 PLATFORM Ian Kevin Bahr Master of Science in Aerospace Engineering, 2020 Thesis directed by: Professor James Baeder A. James Clark School of Engineering Department of Aerospace Engineering An in-house acoustics code, ACUM, was used in conjunction with full vehicle CFD/CSD coupling to create a computational aeroacoustic framework to investigate the effect of aerodynamic interactions on the acoustic prediction of a compound coaxial helicopter. The full vehicle CFD/CSD was accomplished by using a high- fidelity computational fluid dynamics framework, HPCMP CREATETM-AV Helios, combined with an in-house computational structural dynamics solver to simulate the helicopter in steady forward flight. A notional X2TD helicopter consisting of a coaxial rotor, airframe and pusher propeller was used and split into three simulation cases: isolated coaxial and propeller, airframe and full helicopter configuration to investigate each component's affect on the others noise as well as the total noise. The primary impact on the acoustic prediction was the inclusion of the airframe in the CFD simulation as it affected both coaxial rotors as well as the propeller. It was found that the propeller and coaxial rotors had negligible impact on each other. EFFECT OF INTERACTIONAL AERODYNAMICS ON COMPUTATIONAL AEROACOUSTICS OF SIKORSKY'S NOTIONAL X2 PLATFORM by Ian Kevin Bahr Thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Maryland, College Park in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science 2020 Advisory Committee: Dr. James Baeder, Chair/Advisor Dr. -
AHS -- Future of Vertical Flight
The Future of Vertical Flight www.tinyurl.com/VFS-Heli-Expo-2020 Mike Hirschberg, Executive Director The Vertical Flight Society www.vtol.org • [email protected] © Vertical Flight Society: CC-BY-SA 4.0 www.vtol.org ▪ The international professional society for those working to advance vertical flight – Founded in 1943 as the American Helicopter Society (AHS) – Everything from VTOL MAVs/UAS to helicopters, eVTOL, etc. ▪ Expands knowledge about vertical flight technology and promotes its application around the world CFD of Joby S4, Aug 2015 ▪ Advances safety and acceptability ▪ Advocates for vertical flight R&D funding ▪ Helps educate and support today’s and tomorrow’s vertical flight engineers and leaders ▪ Brings together the community — industry, academia and government agencies — to tackle the toughest challenges Join us today: www.vtol.org VFF Scholarship Winners at Forum 71, May 2015 © Vertical Flight Society: CC-BY-SA 4.0 2 www.vtol.org ▪ VFS has a long history of advocacy and leadership – Helped establish NASA-Army Joint Office, Nat’l Rotorcraft Technology Center (NRTC), Centers of Excellence, RITA/VLC – Worked with NASA and DoD to save the NFAC wind tunnel ▪ Provided major support to transformative initiatives NFAC 40 ft x 80 ft wind tunnel Courtesy of NASA – Joint Strike Fighter/F-35B STOVL Lightning II – V-22 Osprey tiltrotor ▪ Providing major foundational support to new transformative initiatives – Future Vertical Lift (FVL)/Joint Multi-Role (JMR) – Electric and hybrid-electric VTOL (eVTOL) Future Vertical Lift (FVL) VFS Works -
Dynamical Torsional Analysis of Schweizer 300C Helicopter Rotor
Dynamical Torsional Analysis of Schweizer 300C Helicopter Rotor Systems تحليل اﻹلتواء الديناميكي ﻷنظمة الحركة في المروحية العمودية )Schweizer 300C( by HAITHAM KHAMIS MOHAMMED AL-SAEEDI Dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MSc SYSTEMS ENGINEERING at The British University in Dubai January 2019 DECLARATION I warrant that the content of this research is the direct result of my own work and that any use made in it of published or unpublished copyright material falls within the limits permitted by international copyright conventions. I understand that a copy of my research will be deposited in the University Library for permanent retention. I hereby agree that the material mentioned above for which I am author and copyright holder may be copied and distributed by The British University in Dubai for the purposes of research, private study or education and that The British University in Dubai may recover from purchasers the costs incurred in such copying and distribution, where appropriate. I understand that The British University in Dubai may make a digital copy available in the institutional repository. I understand that I may apply to the University to retain the right to withhold or to restrict access to my thesis for a period which shall not normally exceed four calendar years from the congregation at which the degree is conferred, the length of the period to be specified in the application, together with the precise reasons for making that application. ___________________ Signature of the student COPYRIGHT AND INFORMATION TO USERS The author whose copyright is declared on the title page of the work has granted to the British University in Dubai the right to lend his/her research work to users of its library and to make partial or single copies for educational and research use. -
Design and Performance of Lift-Offset Rotorcraft for Short-Haul Missions
Design and Performance of Lift-Offset Rotorcraft for Short-Haul Missions Wayne Johnson Aeromechanics Branch National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California [email protected] Alex M. Moodie and Hyeonsoo Yeo Aeroflightdynamics Directorate (AMRDEC) U.S. Army Research, Development, and Engineering Command Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California [email protected], [email protected] ABSTRACT The design and performance of compound helicopters utilizing lift-offset rotors are examined, in the context of short-haul, medium-size civil and military missions. The analysis tools used are the comprehensive analysis CAMRAD II and the sizing code NDARC. Following correlation of the comprehensive analysis with existing lift-offset aircraft flight test data, the rotor performance model for the sizing code was developed, and an initial estimate was made of the rotor size and key hover and cruise flight conditions. The rotor planform and twist were optimized for those conditions, and the sizing code rotor performance model updated. Two models for estimating the blade and hub weight of lift-offset rotors are discussed. The civil and military missions are described, along with the aircraft design assumptions. The aircraft are sized for 30 passengers or 6600 lb payload, with a range of 300 nm. Civil and military aircraft designs are described for each of the rotor weight models. Disk loading and blade loading were varied to optimize the designs, based on gross weight and fuel burn. The influence of technology is shown, in terms of rotor hub drag and rotor weight. and the rotor efficiency and lift capability steadily INTRODUCTION. -
Over Thirty Years After the Wright Brothers
ver thirty years after the Wright Brothers absolutely right in terms of a so-called “pure” helicop- attained powered, heavier-than-air, fixed-wing ter. However, the quest for speed in rotary-wing flight Oflight in the United States, Germany astounded drove designers to consider another option: the com- the world in 1936 with demonstrations of the vertical pound helicopter. flight capabilities of the side-by-side rotor Focke Fw 61, The definition of a “compound helicopter” is open to which eclipsed all previous attempts at controlled verti- debate (see sidebar). Although many contend that aug- cal flight. However, even its overall performance was mented forward propulsion is all that is necessary to modest, particularly with regards to forward speed. Even place a helicopter in the “compound” category, others after Igor Sikorsky perfected the now-classic configura- insist that it need only possess some form of augment- tion of a large single main rotor and a smaller anti- ed lift, or that it must have both. Focusing on what torque tail rotor a few years later, speed was still limited could be called “propulsive compounds,” the following in comparison to that of the helicopter’s fixed-wing pages provide a broad overview of the different helicop- brethren. Although Sikorsky’s basic design withstood ters that have been flown over the years with some sort the test of time and became the dominant helicopter of auxiliary propulsion unit: one or more propellers or configuration worldwide (approximately 95% today), jet engines. This survey also gives a brief look at the all helicopters currently in service suffer from one pri- ways in which different manufacturers have chosen to mary limitation: the inability to achieve forward speeds approach the problem of increased forward speed while much greater than 200 kt (230 mph). -
Aircraft Collection
A, AIR & SPA ID SE CE MU REP SEU INT M AIRCRAFT COLLECTION From the Avenger torpedo bomber, a stalwart from Intrepid’s World War II service, to the A-12, the spy plane from the Cold War, this collection reflects some of the GREATEST ACHIEVEMENTS IN MILITARY AVIATION. Photo: Liam Marshall TABLE OF CONTENTS Bombers / Attack Fighters Multirole Helicopters Reconnaissance / Surveillance Trainers OV-101 Enterprise Concorde Aircraft Restoration Hangar Photo: Liam Marshall BOMBERS/ATTACK The basic mission of the aircraft carrier is to project the U.S. Navy’s military strength far beyond our shores. These warships are primarily deployed to deter aggression and protect American strategic interests. Should deterrence fail, the carrier’s bombers and attack aircraft engage in vital operations to support other forces. The collection includes the 1940-designed Grumman TBM Avenger of World War II. Also on display is the Douglas A-1 Skyraider, a true workhorse of the 1950s and ‘60s, as well as the Douglas A-4 Skyhawk and Grumman A-6 Intruder, stalwarts of the Vietnam War. Photo: Collection of the Intrepid Sea, Air & Space Museum GRUMMAN / EASTERNGRUMMAN AIRCRAFT AVENGER TBM-3E GRUMMAN/EASTERN AIRCRAFT TBM-3E AVENGER TORPEDO BOMBER First flown in 1941 and introduced operationally in June 1942, the Avenger became the U.S. Navy’s standard torpedo bomber throughout World War II, with more than 9,836 constructed. Originally built as the TBF by Grumman Aircraft Engineering Corporation, they were affectionately nicknamed “Turkeys” for their somewhat ungainly appearance. Bomber Torpedo In 1943 Grumman was tasked to build the F6F Hellcat fighter for the Navy. -
Future of Vertical Flight
www.vtol.org Kenneth Swartz, Regional Director – Americas The Vertical Flight Society www.vtol.org | [email protected] Kitty Hawk Cora © Vertical Flight Society: CC-BY-SA 4.0 © Vertical Flight Society: CC-BY-SA 4.0 Released March 2018 1 www.vtol.org . Founded as “The American Helicopter Society, Inc.” 75 years ago in Connecticut on Feb. 25, 1943 – “For the purpose of collecting, compiling and disseminating information concerning the helicopter” – Sikorsky Aircraft received its order for the first American helicopters on January 5, 1943 (28 XR-4 helicopters) . The first and longest-serving helicopter non-profit Sikorsky XR-4 helicopter – Founding members Igor Sikorsky, Arthur Young, Frank Piasecki, Courtesy of Sikorsky Aircraft Corp. Stanley Hiller, Reggie Brie, A.A. Griffiths, etc. – Included engineers, pilots, operators and presidents from industry, academia and government in Allied countries . Now 6,000 individual and 95 corporate members . Advancing vertical flight worldwide First Annual AHS Awards Banquet Born with the American Helicopter Industry Oct. 7, 1944 © Vertical Flight Society: CC-BY-SA 4.0 2 www.vtol.org © Vertical Flight Society: CC-BY-SA 4.0 3 www.vtol.org . The international professional society for those working to advance vertical flight – Founded in 1943 as the American Helicopter Society – Everything from VTOL MAVs/UAS to helicopters and eVTOL to STOVL (everything vertical except rockets) CFD of Joby S4, Aug 2015 . Expands knowledge about vertical flight technology and promotes its application around the world . Advances safety and acceptability . Advocates for vertical flight R&D funding . Helps educate and support today’s and tomorrow’s vertical flight engineers and leaders VFF Scholarship Winners at AHS Forum 71, May 2015 © Vertical Flight Society: CC-BY-SA 4.0 4 www.vtol.org . -
Historia De La Aviación Comercial Desde 1909 Hasta Nuestros Días
FACULTAT DE FILOSOFIA I LETRES, DEPARTAMENT DE CIÈNCIES HISTÒRIQUES I TEORIA DE LES ARTS HISTORIA DE LA AVIACIÓN COMERCIAL DESDE 1909 HASTA NUESTROS DÍAS TESIS DOCTORAL PRESENTADA POR EL DR. MARTÍN BINTANED ARA DIRIGIDA POR EL DR. SEBASTIÁ SERRA BUSQUETS CATEDRÀTIC D'HISTÒRIA CONTEMPORÀNIA PARA OPTAR AL TÍTULO DE DOCTOR EN HISTORIA CURSO ACADÉMICO 2013/2014 Martín Bintaned Ara 2 Historia de la aviación comercial Resumen Esta tesis doctoral investiga acerca de la aportación de la aviación comercial a la historia contemporánea, en particular por su impacto en las relaciones exteriores de los países, su papel facilitador en la actividad económica internacional y por su contribución al desarrollo del turismo de masas. La base de trabajo ha sido el análisis de la prensa especializada, a partir de la cual se han identificado los casos innovadores. Gracias al análisis de su origen (tecnológico, geo- político, aero-político, corporativo, de producto y en la infraestructura) y a su contextualización, hemos podido trazar la historia de la aviación comercial desde su origen en 1919 hasta nuestros días. Palabras clave: Historia contemporánea, Aviación comercial, Política aérea, Relaciones internacionales, Turismo, Innovación, Aerolíneas, Aeropuertos Abstract This doctoral thesis analyses the contribution of commercial aviation to the contemporary history, particularly in the field of external relations, international economy and mass tourism. We have identified all innovations with a structural impact on the industry through specialised press, considering the changes on technology, geopolitics, aeropolitics, business models, product and services, and infrastructure. This methodology has allowed us to write the history of the commercial aviation since its origin in 1919. -
The Potential for Helicopter Passenger Service in Major Urban Areas
(NASA - CR-145224) THE POT ENT IAL FOR N77-27087 H~LICCPT R PASSENGER SER VICE I- MAJOR URBA AFEAS (Duk Univ.) 94 p HC A05/MF AOl CSCL 05C Unclas 510 The Potential For Helicopter Passenger Service In Major Urban Areas Jarir S. Dajani Ralph G. Stortstrom Dennis B. vV'3rner ~ I ) DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERI G DUKE ENVIRONMENTAL ENT R SCHOOL OF NGIN RING DUK UN IVERSITY DURHAM, N .. , . - ...... ~-.-~- ,:; •-."'~ -', --..:.=--~. ~ '--p- i- . ----... T"'-' -- ..•• ~ ••.~c ••.. =,-- .. ~._.~ ".' ='.. ..".:: ..J.::.::::...:..:::= "t':!:', • . , .1 ....1 THE POTENTIAL FOR HELICOPTER PASSENGER SERVICE " IN MAJOR URBAN AREAS .~ 1 ~ by 1• Jarir S. Dajani Ralph G. Stortstrom Dennis B. Warner Department of Civil Engineering and Duke Environmental Center Duke University Durham, North Carolina t>'iarch 1977 The research reported herein has been supported by a grant from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, Grant No. NSG 1121. ABSTRACT This report is intended to assist the planning of intracity helicopter systems so that current operations can both provide an alternate airport access mede and promote future intercity operations. A major aspect of the included study was the development of an interurban helicopter cost model having the capability of selecting an efficient helicopter network for a given city in terms of service and total operating costs. This model is based upon the relationship between total and direct operating costs and the number of block hours of helicopter operation. The cost model is compiled in terms of a computer program which simulates the operation of an intracity helicopter fleet over a given network. When l applied to specific urban areas, the model produces results in terms of a break-even air passenger market penetration rate, which is the percent J of the air travelers in each of those areas that must patronize the 1 helicopter network to make it break even commercially. -
New Rotary Wing Technologies Dr Carlo Kopp
New rotary wing technologies Dr Carlo Kopp Rotary wing technology like most aerospace technologies has evolved slowly since the end of the Cold War. Without the imperative of a well identified threat there has been little political or bureaucratic interest in maintaining the technological advantage the West held over all nations in 1991. heli & uv pacific 2010 At the end of the Cold War, the United States held a commanding advantage in most conventional rotary wing areas, with the Europeans lagging but closely behind, and the Soviets behind in all areas other than heavy lift helicopters. At that time the US had two new programs in development, the V-22 Osprey, which was to herald a generation of new tiltrotor technology designs, and the RAH-66 Comanche Scout helicopter which was to have been the vehicle for new rotor technologies, and a very low signature or ‘stealth’ design. Two decades later the Comanche is ‘dead’ and the V-22, after a very painful and protracted development cycle, is only now achieving credible operational maturity. Most of the military helicopter types remaining in production in the US are derivatives or variants of Cold War era designs. Europe is faring better, as it has a generation of new rotary wing designs now in production, using composite structural materials extensively, but these vehicles are in aerodynamic and propulsion Sikorsky X2. terms just as conventional as their trans-atlantic siblings. Much the same can be said of the latest The principal impediment to faster helicopters has designs in Asia. been the retreating blade stall effect, inherent in In terms of mainstream production helicopter single rotor designs, and often the reason why designs it would be fair to describe the area as fast helicopters are also equipped with short span largely stagnant. -
NASA Aeronautical Engineering Sring Aeronautical Engir Iqineering Aeronautical Engim Engineering Aeronautical E ' Ngineering
Aeronautical NASA SP-7037(150) Engineering July 1982 A Continuing NASA Bibliography with Indexes National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA-SP-7037(150» AERONAUTICAL N8^ ENGiNELKING: A CONTINUING BIBLIOGRAPHY allfl J1NUEXES (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) 114 p HC >5.00 CSCL 01A Oncias Aeronautical Engineering sring Aeronautical Engir iqineering Aeronautical Engim Engineering Aeronautical E ' ngineering Aeronaut " Engineering Aerc ing Aeronautical Engir (Sneering Aeronautical bngm il Engineering Aeronautical E lutical Engineering Aeronaut eronautical Engineering Aerc ing Aeronautical Engir ACCESSION NUMBER RANGES ........ Accession numbers efte<i in this Supplement fait within the following ranges, STAR (N-100Q0 Series) N82-2Q139 - N82-22140 IAA (A-10000 Series) A82-25S39 - A82-28538 This bibliography was pmpared by the NASA Scientific and Techracaj Informatioft facility operated for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration by PRO Government Information Systems. NASASP-7037(150) AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING A CONTINUING BIBLIOGRAPHY WITH INDEXES (Supplement 150) A selection of annotated references to unclassified reports and journal articles that were introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information sys- tem and announced in June 1982 in • Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports (STAR) • International Aerospace Abstracts (IAA). f\ I /\CIZ/\ Scientific and Technical Information Branch 1982 I \l/ lID/ 1 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Washington, DC This supplement is available as NTISUB 141.093 from the National Technical Information Service (NTIS), Springfield, Virginia 22161 at the price of S5.00 domestic; S10.00 foreign. INTRODUCTION Under the terms of an interagency agreement with the Federal Aviation Administration this publication has been prepared by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration for the joint use of both agencies and the scientific and technical community concerned with the field of aeronautical engineering. -
Applications
An invitation to AHS Award Nomination Form Nominations are due by February 26 honor Please nominate online at www.vtol.org/awards-and contests/awards-nomination. innovation and If you are not able to register online, please contact Liz Malleck at (703) 684-6777 x107 excellence for a paper form. in vertical flight technology and its applications The AHS International Awards Program AHS International has a tradition for honoring the vertical flight industry’s most outstanding achievements. Established in 1944, the Society’s Awards Program provides an international showcase for the finest work and research in the industry. Whether it be for a single outstanding contribution or achievement, a major technical innovation, an act of heroism, long and valued service or work that further advances the frontiers of vertical flight technology and its applications, the Society’s awards attract worldwide recognition. Who is eligible for an award? The Society’s Awards recognize achievement at all levels and in all disciplines. Anyone working in the vertical flight industry, anywhere in the world, whether in academia, airframes, engines, systems, the military services, government, research, manufacturing, or in civil and commercial operations or in any other discipline involved in vertical flight is eligible. The Awards Program is structured to recognize individuals at various stages of their careers. Who makes the nominations? he simple answer is you do. You have an important and responsible role to play in identifying those of your colleagues deserving of special T recognition. If there is someone, or a group of persons, you feel is making an outstanding contribution to the world of vertical flight, please read through this brochure, select the appropriate award and make your recommendation.