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Technical Report Number 37 Western Gulf of Alaska Petroleum

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Technical Report Number 37 Western Gulf of Alaska Petroleum Technical Report Number 37 Western Gulf of Alaska Petroleum Development Scenarios Transportation Systems Impacts The United States Department of the Interior was designated by the Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) Lands Act of 1953 to carry out the majority of the Act’s provisions for administering the mineral leasing and develop- ment of offshore areas of the United States under federal jurisdiction. Within the Department, the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) has the responsibility to meet requirements of the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA) as well as other legislation and regulations dealing with the effects of offshore development. In Alaska, unique cultural differences and climatic conditions create a need for developing addi- tional socioeconomic and environmental information to improve OCS deci- sion making at all governmental levels. In fulfillment of its federal responsibilities and with an awareness of these additional information needs, the BLM has initiated several investigative programs, one of i which is the Alaska OCS Socioeconomic Studies Program (SESP). The Alaska OCS Socioeconomic Studies Program is a multi-year research effort which attempts to predict and evaluate the effects of Alaska OCS Petroleum Development upon the physical, social, and economic environ- ments within the state. The overall methodology is divided into three broad research components. The first component identifies an alterna- tive set of assumptions regarding the location, the nature, and the timing of future petroleum events and related activities. In this component, the program takes into account the particular needs of the petroleum industry and projects the human, technological, economic, and environmental offshore and onshore development requirements of the .. regional petroleum industry. The second component focuses on data gathering that identifies those quantifiable and qualifiable facts by which OCS-induced changes can be assessed. The critical community and regional components are identified and evaluated. Current endogenous and exogenous sources of change and functional organization among different sectors of community and region- al life are analyzed. Susceptible community relationships, values, activities, and processes also are included. The third research component focuses on an evaluation of the changes that could occur due to the potential oil and gas development. Impact evaluation concentrates on an analysis of the impacts at the statewide, regional, and local level. In general, program products are sequentially arranged in accordance with BLM’s proposed OCS lease sale schedule, so that information is timely to decisionmaking. Reports are available through the National Technical Information Service, and the BLM has a limited number of copies available through the Alaska OCS Office. Inquiries for informa- tion should be directed to: Program Coordinator (COAR), Socioeconomic Studies Program, Alaska OCS Office, P. O. Box 1159, Anchorage, Alaska 99510. 11 . Technical Report No. 37 Contract No. AA550-CT6-61 Alaska OCS Socioeconomic Studies Program WESTERN GULF OF ALASKA PETROLEUM DEVELOPMENT SCENARIOS TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS ANALYSIS Prepared for Bureau of Land Management Alaska Outer Continental Shelf Office Prepared by Peter Eakland Raj Joshi Peter Eakland and Associates January 1980 Document is available to the public through the National Technical Information Service 5285 Port Royal Road Springfield, Virginia 22161 NOTICE This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Alaska Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) Office, in the interestof information exchange. The U.S. Government assumes no liability for its content or use thereof. Alaska OCS Socioeconomic Studies Program Western Gulf of Alaska Petroleum Development Scenarios Transportation Systems Analysis Prepared by Peter Eakland and Associates for Peat, Marwick, Mitchell & Co. January 1980 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page List of Tables . XIII List of Figures . XIX 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Purpose . 1 1.2 Study Area . 2 1.3 Study Time Horizon . 2 1.4 Regional and Statewide Transportation Systems . 5 1.5 The Nature of Transportation Systems . 5 1.6 The Nature of Transportation Impacts . 7 1.6.1 Service Level s . 9 1.6.2 Accelerated Deterioration . 11 1.6.3 Indirect Transportation Impacts . 13 1.7 Peaking of Transportation System Activity . 13 1.8 Relationship to Other Studies . 16 1.8.1 Transportation Base Case. 21 1.8.2 Oil and Gas Resource Level Scenarios . 21 1.8.3 OCS Cases . 22 2.0 EXISTING CONDITIONS OF LOCAL, REGIONAL, AND STATEWIDE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS 2.1 Purpose . 23 2.2 Water Mode . 23 2.2.1 Terminal s . 25 2.2.1.1 Port of Anchorage . 28 2.2.1.2 Port of Whittier . 34 2.2.1.3 Port of Seward . 4(I 2.2.1.4 Port of Kodiak . 47 2.2.2 Marine Carriers . 54 2.2.2.1 Scheduled Carriers . 55 v. ● TABLE OF CONTENTS {continued) Pa e 2.2.2.2 Infrequent and Seasonal Carriers . + ✠ 2.2.2.3 Contract Carriers . ..-. 68 ‘w--- 69 2.2.3 Rates ● . ● . ● ● . ● ● . ● . ● . .* 73 2.2.4 Regulations . ● . ● . ● . ● . .* 74 2.3 Air Mode . ● . ● . ● . ● . ● . ● . ● ● . 4) 75 2.3.1 Terminals .* . ● ● . .* . ● . ● . 2.3.1.1 Anchorage International Airport . 78 82 2.3.1.2 Seward ● . ● . ● . ● . ● . ● . ● . ● 82 2.3.1.3 Kodiak. 4 ..*O ● . ● * . ● *. ● ● * ● $ ● * ● ● * 86 2.3.2 Carriers . ● . ● *. ● . ● ● . ● . ● . ● . 2.3.2.1 Air Taxi Operators . ...-..”.. 86 2.3.2.2. Contract Carriers. .. ”” . ..”” ..o.~ 88 2.3.2.3 Scheduled Carriers . 89 @ 2.3.2.3.1 Trunk Airlines . 2.3.2.3.2 Commuter Airlines . 2.3.2.4 Rotary-Wing (Helicopter) Carriers . 101 ● 102 2.3.3 Regulations ● . ● . ● . ● . ● . ● . 103 2.3.4 Technology . ● . ● . t 106 2.4 Land Mode . ● ● . ● ● . ● . ● . ● . ● . 106 9 2.4.1 Highways ● ...*..* .* ..*... ● .*..... 106 2.4.1.1 Terminals . ● . ● . * ● . , . 2.4.1.2 Seward and Sterling Highways . 106 2.4.1.3 Kodiak Road System . 114 116 2.4.2 Railroad . 119 2.4.3 Carriers . , . ● . ● . .0 . 119 2.4.3.1 Common Motor Carriers 119 2.4.3,2 Buses . @ 121 2.4.4 Pipelines ● *. 122 2.5 Summary of Existing Conditions ,. ● VI. TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued 3.0 BASE CASES PacJg 3.1 Introduction . 125 3.2 Factors Causing Growth . 128 3.2.1 Previous Base Case Developments . 128 3.2.2 Northern Gulf of Alaska Scenarios . 131 3.2.3 Growth Factors by Community . 132 3.3 lflean Base Case . ’ . 134 3.3.1 Factors Causing Growth . 134 3.3.2 Water Mode . -.””...-” 135 3.3.2.1 Description of Activities . 135 3.3.2.2 Terminal s . 136 3.3.2.3 Carriers . 138 3.3.2.4 Issues . ..o 140 3.3.2.5 Summary of Impacts . 143 3.3.3 Air Mode . 143 3.3.3.1 Description of Activi ties . 143 3.3.3.2 Terminal s . 146 3.3.3.3 Carriers . 147 3.3.3.4 Issues . 148 3.3.3.5 Summary of Impacts . 150 3.3.4 Land Modes . 150 3.3.4.1 Roads . ---- 150 3.3.4.2 Railroad . 152 3.3.4.3 Issues . 152 3.3.4.4 Summary of Impacts . 153 3.3.5 Summary of Mean Base Case. 153 3.4 Low Base Case: Comparison with Mean Base Case . 159 3.4.1 Factors Causing Growth . 159 3.4.2 Water Mode . ..”................ 159 3.4.2.1 Description of Activities . 159 3.4.2.2 Terminal s . 160 3.4.2.3 Carriers . 160 3.4.2.4 Issues . 161 3.4.2.5 Summary of Impacts . 161 3.4.3 Air Mode . ..............”....” 161 3.4.3.1 Description of Activities . 161 3.4.3.2 Terminal s . 162 3.4.3.3 Carriers . 162 VII. TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) Pa e 3.4.3.4 Issues . + 3.4.3.5 Summary of Impacts . 163 3.4.4 Land Modes . 164 . 3.4.4.1 Roads . 164 3.4.4.2 Railroad . 164 3.4.4.3 Issues . 164 3.4.5 Summary of Low Base Case.... 164 169 3.5 High Base Case: Comparison with Mean Base Case . 3.5.1 Factors Causing Growth . 169 3.5.2 Water Mode . .* . ““” ““ ““ 170 3.5.2.1 Description of Activities . ..
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