Annual Report of Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology 1996

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Annual Report of Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology 1996 PL9702079 ISSN 1425-ZU4A IN/&~PL- 003 INSTITUTE OF NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY m DO /? WMEM\ 1996 OF NUCLEI AND TECHNOLOGY 1996 EDITORIAL BOARD Wiktor Smuiek, Ph.D. Ewa Godlewska Sylwester Wojtas © Copyright by the Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Warszawa 1997 All rights reserved CONTENTS GENERAL INFORMATION 7 MANAGEMENT OF THE INSTITUTE 9 MANAGING STAFF OF THE INSTITUTE 9 HEADS OF THE INCT DEPARTMENTS 9 PROFESSORS AND SCIENTIFIC COUNCIL 10 PROFESSORS 10 ASSOCIATE PROFESSORS 10 ASSISTANT PROFESSORS (Ph.D.) 11 SCIENTIFIC COUNCIL (1995-1999) 13 HONORARY MEMBERS OF THE INCT SCIENTIFIC COUNCIL (1995-1999) 14 RADIATION CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 15 ONE-ELECTRON OXIDATION OF METALLOPORPHYCENES AS STUDIED BY RADIOLYTIC METHODS D M. Guldi, J. Field, J. Grodkowski, P. Neta, E. Vogel 17 IRON-PORPHYRIN CATALYZED REDUCTION OF CO& PHOTOCHEMICAL AND RADIATION CHEMICAL STUDIES J. Grodkowski, D. Behar, P. Neta, P. Hambright 17 RATE CONSTANTS FOR REACTIONS OF ALIPHATIC CARBON-CENTERED RADICALS IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION P. Neta, J. Grodkowski, A.B. Ross 19 TETRABENZOPORPHYRINS: METAL INCORPORATION AND EXCHANGE KINETICS, LIGATIONAL EQUILIBRIA AND PULSE RADIOLYSIS STUDY S. Cromer, P. Hambright, J. Grodkowski, P. Neta 19 REDUCTION AND ALKYLATION OF RHODIUM PORPHYRINS IN ALCOHOL SOLUTIONS. RADIATION CHEMICAL AND PHOTOCHEMICAL STUDIES J. Grodkowski, P. Neta, Y. Abdallach, P. Hambright 20 •OH RADICAL INDUCED OXIDATION OF S-METHYLCYSTEINE AND ITS DERIVATIVES FRAGMENTATION OF a-AMINOALKYL RADICALS D. Pogocki, K. Bobrowski, K.-D. Asmus 21 Trp ' -* iyrO RADICAL TRANSFOMATION IN HEN-EGG WHITE LYSOZYME K. Bobrowski, J. Holcman, J. Poznafiski, K.L. Wierzchowski 24 SENSITIZED PHOTOOXIDATION OF METHIONINE-CONTAINING PEPTIDES IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION K. Bobrowski, B. Marciniak, G.L. Hug 25 GENERATION OF SULFUR RADICALS IN ZEOLITES BY MEANS OF IONIZING RADIATION S. Kowalak, Z. Stuglik, M. Strtiiyk, AB. Wiqckowski 28 ESR STUDY OF RADIATION INDUCED RADICALS IN POLYCRYSTALLINE METHIONINE AND ITS HOMOPEPTIDES G. Strzelczak-Burlitiska, K. Bobrowski, D. Pogocki, J. Michalik 28 ENDOR OF HUMAN TOOTH ENAMEL HEATED AT 400°C J. Sadto, F. Callens, J. Michalik, W. Stachowicz, P. Mattys, E. Boesman 30 DAMAGE BUILDUP AND AMORPHIZATION IN ION - IMPLANTED GaAsi-xPx S. Warchol, J. Krynicki, H. Rzewuski, R. Groetzschel 31 DOSIMETRIC RESPONSE OF MICROCRYSTALLINE L-a- ALANINE AND STANDARD BONE POWDER TO HIGH-LET RADIATIONS Z. Stuglik, J. Sadto 33 DOSIMETRIC PROPERTIES OF CDP-F2 FOILS Z. Stuglik, T. Bryl-Sandelewska 34 THE FORMATION OFdCMP RADICALS FOLLOWING RADIOLYSIS, THE EFFECT OF CYSTEAMINE G. Przybytniak, J, Hiittermann, H. Ambroz, B. Weiland 35 UV-Vis ABSORPTION SPECTRUM OF THE RADICAL ANION DERIVED FROM e-ALANINE BY DEAMINATION ZP. Zagdrski, G.K, Przybytniak 36 EXAFS STUDY OF SILVER CLUSTERS IN ZEOLITE H. Grigoriew, J. Michalik 38 RADIOCHEMISTRY, STABLE ISOTOPES, NUCLEAR ANALYTICAL METHODS, CHEMISTRY IN GENERAL 41 SOLVENT EXTRACTION OF GROUP 4 AND 14 METAL CHELATE COMPLEXES. MODEL EXPERIMENTS FOR CHEMICAL STUDIES ON COORDINATION NUMBER OF ELEMENT 104 A Bilewicz 43 FRACTIONATION OF EUROPIUM ISOTOPES IN THE EXTRACTION SYSTEMS. Eu(HI), HDEHPZEu(IlI), H+ (Cl-, NOJ, SO* -). LIGAND ISOTOPE EFFECT W. Dembitiski, R. Fiedler, Z. Janiszewski 43 FRACTIONATION OF YTTERBIUM ISOTOPES IN Yb(III)-ACETATE/Yb-AMALGAM SYSTEM. EVEN-ODD EFFECT W. Dembitiski, M. Poniliski, R. Fiedler 45 SEPARATION OF PROTIUM/DEUTERIUM AND OXYGEN-16/OXYGEN-18 BY MEMBRANE DISTILLATION G. Zakrzewska-Trznadcl, A.G. Chmielewski 46 PRECONCENTRATION OF RADIUM FROM SALINE COAL-MINE WATER ON SELECTIVE ION EXCHANGER - a-CRYSTALLINE MANGANIC ACID J. Narbutt, A Bilewicz, B. Bart06, R. Postek 47 SYNTHESIS AND ION EXCHANGE PROPERTIES OF VARIOUS FORMS OF MANGANESE DIOXIDE FOR CATIONS OF I AND II GROUPS B. BartoA, A Bilewicz, R. Delmas, C. Loos-Neskovid 48 HYDRATION AND COVALENCE OF THE Ln2+ AND An2+ IONS vs. ALKALINE EARTH IONS AS REFLECTED IN SOLUBILITY AND COCRYSTALLIZATION OF THEIR SULFATES T. Mioduski SO LIQUID-LIQUID PARTITION AND HYDRATION OF STRAIGHT-CHAIN OXAALKANES E. Gniazdowska, J. Narbutt 51 BEHAVIOUR OF THE SYSTEM: ARSENIC-PALLADIUM-MAGNESIUM DURING ATOMIZATION IN GRAPHITE FURNACE ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY L. Pszonicki, J. Dudek 53 DETERMINATION AND SPECIATION OF MERCURY IN NATURAL WATERS J. Chwastowska, W. Skwara, E. Sterlirtska, J. Dudek, L. Pszonicki 54 PREPARATION OF GEL PRECURSORS FOR SYNTHESIS OF MERCURY - BASED SUPERCONDUCTING CUPRATES FROM ACIDIC ACETATE-AMMONIA SYSTEMS A Deptuta, T. Olczak, W. Lada, A Di Bartolomeo 54 A STUDY OF SUITABILITY OF THE ION CHORMATOGRAPHY EQUIPMENT OF DIONEX 2000i/SP FOR THE DETERMINATION OF ALKALI METALS AND OTHER INORGANIC CATIONS IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS K. Kulisa, R. Dybczyliski, H. Polkowska-Motrenko 55 IINS SPECTROSCOPY OF AMINOACIDS. PART IV. SULFOGLYCINE A Pawlukojd, J. Tomkinson, S.F. Parker 58 IINS SPECTROSCOPY OF AMINOACIDS. PART V. L-SERINE A Pawlukojd, S.F. Parker 58 CRYSTAL CHEMISTRY OF COORDINATION COMPOUNDS WITH HETEROCYCLIC CARBOXYLIC ACIDS. PART XV. THE CRYSTAL AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURES OF DIAQUABIS (3-AMIN0PYRAZINE-2-CARB0XYLAT0-N,0)MAGNESIUM(II) MONOHYDRATE AND 3-AMINOPYRAZINE-2-CARBOXYLIC ACID DIHYDRATE H. Ptasiewicz-Bqk, J. Leciejewicz 59 CRYSTAL CHEMISTRY OF COORDINATION COMPOUNDS WITH HETEROCYCLIC CARBOXYLIC ACIDS. PART XVI. THE CRYSTAL AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF CALCIUM AMINOPYRAZINATE J. Leciejewicz, H. Ptasiewicz-Bqk, B. Paluchowska 60 CRYSTAL CHEMISTRY OF COORDINATION COMPOUNDS WITH HETEROCYCLIC CARBOXYLIC ACIDS. PART XVII. THE CRYSTAL AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURES OF PYRAZINE-2.5-DICARBOXYLIC ACID DIHYDRATE AND ITS MAGNESIUM COMPOUND H. Ptasiewicz-Bqk, J. Leciejewicz 61 CRYSTAL CHEMISTRY OF COORDINATION COMPOUNDS WITH HETEROCYCLIC CARBOXYLIC ACIDS. PART XVIII. THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF DIAQUABIS(THIOPHENE-2-CARBOXYLATE)ZINC(II) B. Paluchowska, IK. Maurin, J. Leciejewicz 62 MAGNETIC ORDERING IN LANTHANIDE INTERMETALLIC PHASES J. Leciejewicz, A Szytula 62 X-RAY STUDY OF WATER INFLUENCE ON CELLULOSE MEMBRANE STRUCTURE H. Grigoriew, AG. Chmielewski 64 RADIOBIOLOGY 67 OXIDATIVE BASE DAMAGE IN DNA FROM L5178Y SUBLINES M. Kruszewski, T. Zastawny, T. Wrortska, R. Oliliski 69 EFFECT OF COPPER CHELATOR, NEOCUPREINE, ON L5178Y CELLS E. BouZyk, T. Iwancliko, M. Kruszewski 70 ION CHELATOR, DESFERAL, DIFFERENTIALLY AFFECTS NULEOID DNA IN TWO SUBLINES OF L5178Y MURINE LYMPHOMA E. Bouiyk, T. Iwaneliko, M. Kruszewski 70 DETERMINATION OF DNA DAMAGE REPAIR IN CAMPTOTHECIN - TREATED MURINE LYMPHOMA CELLS BY THREE METHODS I. Grqdzka, I. Szumiel 71 INDUCTION OF DNA-PROTEIN CROSS LINKS BY GAMMA RAYS IN CELLS OF THREE MURINE LYMPHOMAS N. Jarocewicz, I. Szumiel 72 LACK OF CORRELATION BETWEEN DNA REPAIR KINETICS, RESIDUAL DAMAGE AND MICRONUCLEI FREQUENCY IN RADIOADAPTBD HUMAN LYMPHOCYTES M. Wojew6dzka, M Kruszewski, I. Szumiel 73 APPLICATION OF THE COMET ASSAY FOR DETECTION OF DNA DAMAGE IN LYMPHOCYTES OF WORKERS EXPOSED TO LOW-DOSES OF IONIZING RADIATION M. Wojewddzka, T. Iwaneliko. M. Kruszewski 73 LOVASTATIN TREATMENT DIFFERENTIALLY ALTERS ACTIVATION OF TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR, NF*B AND SENSITIVITY TO HYDROGEN PEROXIDE B. Sochanowicz, I. Szumiel 74 INITIAL DNA DAMAGE AND LETHALITY IN BLEOMYCIN - TREATED L5178Y CELLS J. Zaim, I. Szumiel 75 NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGIES AND METHODS 77 PROCESS ENGINEERING 79 CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF THE DEMO-INDUSTRIAL INSTALLATION FOR ELECTRON-BEAM FLUE GAS TREATMENT AG. Chmielewski, E. Iller, B. Tymiliski, Z Zimek 79 FILTRATION OF AEROSOLS FORMED IN EB FLUE GAS TREATMENT PROCESS AG. Chmielewski, B. Tymiliski, G. Zakrzewska-Trznadel, O. Tokunaga, S. Machi 82 RADIOTRACERS IN ROTARY KILNS INVESTIGATION J. Palige, A Owczarczyk 83 TRACER INVESTIGATION OF THE SEDIMENT AND SEWAGE FLOW DYNAMICS THROUGH AERATION TANK A Owczarczyk, J. Palige, M. Strzelecki, AG. Chmielewski 84 MEMBRANE DISTILLATION EMPLOYED FOR CONCENTRATION OF LIQUID RADIOACTIVE WASTE AG. Chmielewski, M. Harasimowicz, G. Zakrzewska-Trznadel 86 METAL RECOVERY FROM DILUTE STREAMS M. Harasimowicz, J. Palige 86 APPLICATION OF PARTICLE TRACK MEMBRANES IN A DYNAMIC FILTRATION DEVICE W. Starosta, M. Buczkowski, S. Wroliski, A Adach 87 MATERIAL ENGINEERING, STRUCTURAL STUDIES, DIAGNOSTICS 89 NEW APPARATUS FOR PREPARATION OF GASEOUS METHYL BROMIDE AND RECORDING LEAKS IN UNDERGROUND PIPELINES J. KraS, S. Myczkowski 89 INTENSE PLASMA PULSES; TWO MODES OF THE USE FOR SURFACE PROCESSING PURPOSES J. Piekoszewski, J. Langner, L. WaliS, Z. Werner 89 USE OF HIGH INTENSITY PULSED PLASMA BEAMS IN FORMATION CERAMIC/MBTAL JOINTS J. Piekoszewski, J. Langner, A Krajewski, L. WaliS, W. Wiosiliski 90 THE PLASMA DISCHARGE DEVICE FOR MODIFICATION OF SURFACE PROPERTIES OF PARTICLE TRACK MEMBRANES W. Starosta, M. Buczkowski, D. Wawszczak, T. Z6ttowski 91 PREPARATION OF HIGH PURITY BORON ON A LARGE LABORATORY SCALE A. Nowicki 92 ORGANIC FIBRES IMPREGNATED WITH POLYMERIC COMPLEXES OF AMINOTRIAZOLE WITH METALS AS NEW FILTERS AND SORBENTS A. Lukasiewicz, L. WaliS 93 PREPARATION OF CALCIUM PHOSPHATE SPHERICAL POWDERS AND COATINGS BY COMPLEX SOL-GEL PROCESS (CSGP) A Deptula, W. Lada, T. Olczak, R Z LeGeros, J.P. LeGeros 94 DETERMINATION OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN LEAD WHITE FROM LANCKORONA PAINTING COLLECTION BY INSTRUMENTAL NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS E. Paliczyk, P. Rudniewski, L. WaliS 96 APPLICATION OF X-RAY FLUORESCENCE ANALYSIS FOR EXAMINATION OF THE AUTHENTICITY OF THAI CERAMICS A. Kalicki, E. Paliczyk, L. WaliS 100 STUDIES OF MILLINGABILITY OF COAL COMBUSTED IN HEAT POWER STATIONS P J. Bukowski 101 TOTAL-REFLECTION X-RAY FLUORESCENCE ANALYSIS FOR EFFECTIVENESS OF MICROFILTRATION MEASUREMENTS M Buczkowski, J. Kierzek, D. Wawszczak,
Recommended publications
  • Royal Society of Chemistry Input to the Ad Hoc Nuclear
    ROYAL SOCIETY OF CHEMISTRY INPUT TO THE AD HOC NUCLEAR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ADVISORY BOARD The Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) was pleased to hear of the instigation of the Ad Hoc Nuclear Research and Development Advisory Board (the Board) following the findings of the House of Lords Science and Technology Committee Inquiry ‘Nuclear Research and Development Capabilities’.1,2 The RSC is the largest organisation in Europe for advancing the chemical sciences. Supported by a network of 47,000 members worldwide and an internationally acclaimed publishing business, its activities span education and training, conferences and science policy, and the promotion of the chemical sciences to the public. This document represents the views of the RSC. The RSC has a duty under its Royal Charter "to serve the public interest" by acting in an independent advisory capacity, and it is in this spirit that this submission is made. To provide input to the Board the RSC has performed a wide consultation with the chemical science community, including members of both our Radiochemistry and Energy Sector Interest Groups and also our Environment Sustainability and Energy Division. September 2012 The Role of Chemistry in a Civil Nuclear Strategy 1 Introduction Chemistry and chemical knowledge is essential in nuclear power generation and nuclear waste management. It is essential that a UK civil nuclear strategy recognises the crucial role that chemistry plays, both in research and innovation and in the development of a strong skills pipeline. As the RSC previously articulated in our response to the House of Lords Inquiry, 3 nuclear power is an important component of our current energy mix.
    [Show full text]
  • Nuclear Chemistry Card Sort
    Nuclear Chemistry Card Sort Submitted by: Annette Gillespie, Ashely Gilomen, Sarah Johnson, and Stephanie Kimberlin Appalachian Regional Commission/Oak Ridge National Laboratory Summer Math-Science-Technology Institute Grade: 9-12 Lesson Duration: 45-60 minutes Materials Needed: • Media for Venn Diagram (e.g., poster board, white board, butcher paper, electronic devices) • One copy of the list of nuclear chemistry concepts/nuclear chemistry concept cards provided in this lesson plan • Envelope for storing cut-up list/cards Background Information: Students should be able to describe the basic structure of an atom and have a basic understanding of nuclear notation. Lesson Objective: Students will be able to • Describe the basic principles of nuclear chemistry. • Discern between diagrams and representations of nuclear equations and processes. • Use context clues to correctly categorize nuclear events. Instructional Process: All informative resources should be made available to the students so they can categorize the concepts (e.g., notes, text books, Internet). This lesson is best suited as an introduction activity for the beginning of the nuclear chemistry unit and/or as a review activity at the end of the nuclear chemistry unit. Students should be organized into groups of 3-4 to complete this activity. Each student group should create and label a three-circle Venn diagram on the teacher-designated media. (Refer to the examples provided in figure 1 and at the end of this lesson plan.) Each group should receive one copy of the list of nuclear chemistry concepts/nuclear chemistry concept cards, which they will cut up into individual cards. Once students have their diagrams drawn and cards cut out, they should place the nuclear chemistry concepts cards into one of three categories on the diagram: fission, fusion, or nuclear decay.
    [Show full text]
  • Unit 1 – Atomic Structure and Nuclear Chemistry Introduction to the Atom
    Unit 1 – Atomic Structure and Nuclear Chemistry Introduction to the atom Modern Atomic Theory All matter is composed of atoms Atoms cannot be subdivided, created, or destroyed in ordinary chemical reactions. However, these changes CAN occur in nuclear reactions! Every atom has different properties from other atoms Ex: grinding down a gold ring Modern Atomic Theory Wait, it’s “only” a theory? Why are we learning it then? •A theory is a powerful term in science Theory -A set of tested hypotheses that gives an overall explanation of some natural phenomenon. Ex: Cell theory & Evolutionary theory We can now see atoms …sort of In 1981 a STM (Scanning Tunneling Microscope) was created. - We can see them and manipulate them. The Kanji characters for "atom." This image was formed by using the tiny tip of an STM to pick up individual atoms of iron and place them on a copper (111) surface. Nanotechnology is coming Atoms can be moved and molded to make various devices such as molecular motors Structure of the Atom Accessing Prior Knowledge 1. Based on your previous science classes, draw a generic atom and label where you’d find the nucleus, protons, neutrons, & electrons. 2. For a common beryllium atom, what is the: a) # protons? b) # neutrons? c) # electrons? Structure of an Atom Electrons (in electron cloud) 1/2000th the mass of P+ & N Nucleus (protons + neutrons) Particle Charge Mass Location Purpose # Electron -1 0 Electron Behavior of cloud element Proton +1 1 Nucleus Identity of element Neutron 0 1 Nucleus Stability of nucleus Charges in an Atom The atom is generally neutral because: # of negative electrons = # of positive protons The nucleus is positively charged because: Contains positive protons (and neutrons which don’t have a charge).
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction to Nuclear Chemistry
    Nuclear Reactions: Chemistry 5.1 AN INTRODUCTION TO NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY Discovery of Radioactivity Roentgen ● In 1895 Wilhelm Konrad Roentgen discovered X- rays. • Roentgen observed that a vacuum discharge tube enclosed in a thin, black cardboard box had caused a nearby piece of paper coated with the salt barium platinocyanide to phosphorescence. Roentgen ● From this and other experiments he concluded that certain rays, which he called X-rays, were emitted from the discharge tube, penetrated the box, and caused the salt to glow. Becquerel ● Shortly after Roentgen’s discovery, Antoine Henri Becquerel attempted to show a relationship between X-rays and the phosphorescence of uranium salts. • Becquerel wrapped a photographic plate in black paper, sprinkled a sample of a uranium salt on it, and exposed it to sunlight. Becquerel ● When Becquerel attempted to repeat the experiment the sunlight was intermittent. • He took the photographic plate wrapped in black paper with the uranium sample on it, and placed the whole setup in a drawer. Becquerel ● Several days later he developed the film and was amazed to find an intense image of the uranium salt on the plate. • He repeated the experiment in total darkness with the same result. Becquerel ● This proved that the uranium salt emitted rays that affected the photographic plate, and that these rays were not a result of phosphorescence due to exposure to sunlight. • One year later, in 1896, Marie Curie coined the name radioactivity. Radioactivity is the spontaneous emission of particlesElements and/or having rays this fromproperty the nucleusare radioactive of an . atom. Rutherford ● In 1899 Rutherford began to investigate the nature of the rays emitted by uranium.
    [Show full text]
  • 2/22/19 1 Chapter 6, Energy from Alternate Sources: Nuclear
    2/22/19 Chapter 6, Energy from Alternate Sources: nuclear chemistry and solar power End of the chapter questions 3.5,9,12,13,16,17,20,22,23,27,31,40 Friday, March 25, 2011, 10AM CDT Breach in reactor suspected at Japanese nuke plant TOKYO – A suspected breach in the reactor at the stricken Fukushima nuclear plant could mean more serious radioactive contamination, Japanese officials revealed Friday, as the prime minister called the country's ongoing fight to stabilize the plant "very grave and serious." 1 2/22/19 The Chernobyl disaster On 26 April 1986, reactor # 4 at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Station, 60 mi north of Kiev, blew up during a routine daily operation. Nearly nine tons of radioactive material - 100 times as much as the Hiroshima bomb - were hurled into the sky. Winds over the following days, mostly blowing north and west, carried fallout into Belarus, Russia, Poland and the Baltic region. The cause was traced to graphite control rods, which caught on fire. Chernobyl-What Happened: April 26, 1986 • While performing a safety test on Reactor #4, technicians allowed a power surge that reached 120 times the rated capacity of the reactor. • The surge (in fact not a nuclear explosion), ripped open the core, including cooling water pipes. The reaction of hot water with the graphite control rods produced hydrogen gas, which combusted violently. • The 4,000 ton concrete covering over the reactor was blown away. Fires broke out in many places in the site. • Fifty different radioactive isotopes were released, with half-lives spanning from two hours to 24,000 years.
    [Show full text]
  • Nuclear Chemistry Why? Nuclear Chemistry Is the Subdiscipline of Chemistry That Is Concerned with Changes in the Nucleus of Elements
    Nuclear Chemistry Why? Nuclear chemistry is the subdiscipline of chemistry that is concerned with changes in the nucleus of elements. These changes are the source of radioactivity and nuclear power. Since radioactivity is associated with nuclear power generation, the concomitant disposal of radioactive waste, and some medical procedures, everyone should have a fundamental understanding of radioactivity and nuclear transformations in order to evaluate and discuss these issues intelligently and objectively. Learning Objectives λ Identify how the concentration of radioactive material changes with time. λ Determine nuclear binding energies and the amount of energy released in a nuclear reaction. Success Criteria λ Determine the amount of radioactive material remaining after some period of time. λ Correctly use the relationship between energy and mass to calculate nuclear binding energies and the energy released in nuclear reactions. Resources Chemistry Matter and Change pp. 804-834 Chemistry the Central Science p 831-859 Prerequisites atoms and isotopes New Concepts nuclide, nucleon, radioactivity, α− β− γ−radiation, nuclear reaction equation, daughter nucleus, electron capture, positron, fission, fusion, rate of decay, decay constant, half-life, carbon-14 dating, nuclear binding energy Radioactivity Nucleons two subatomic particles that reside in the nucleus known as protons and neutrons Isotopes Differ in number of neutrons only. They are distinguished by their mass numbers. 233 92U Is Uranium with an atomic mass of 233 and atomic number of 92. The number of neutrons is found by subtraction of the two numbers nuclide applies to a nucleus with a specified number of protons and neutrons. Nuclei that are radioactive are radionuclides and the atoms containing these nuclei are radioisotopes.
    [Show full text]
  • Curium Chemistry's Curious Conundrum Mark Jensen, Department of Chemistry and Nuclear Science and Engineering Program, Colorad
    Curium Chemistry’s Curious Conundrum Mark Jensen, Department of Chemistry and Nuclear Science and Engineering Program, Colorado School of Mines. Wednesday, September 9 2015 4pm Hill Hall 202 Abstract. The separation of curium from americium is a potential component of advanced, transmutation- based nuclear fuel cycles because it greatly simplifies fuel re-fabrication. However, separating curium from americium is among the most difficult separations in the periodic table. Chemical separations of americium from curium have typically relied either on chromatography to amplify the small chemical differences between Am(III) and Cm(III) through repeated separation, or on accessing the higher oxidation states of Am to affect a separation of Am from Cm(III). We are exploring a third way to separate Am from Cm. Using sterically constrained complexes to amplify the small thermodynamic differences normally observed between Am(III) and Cm(III) complexes, we can separate these ions efficiently based on their slightly different ionic radii. Sterically constrained aqueous complexes that are size-matched to the larger Am(III) cation preferentially hold back americium in the aqueous phase while allowing extraction of the smaller Cm(III) cation. Improvements in the system hold promise for cleanly separating americium from both curium and lanthanide fission products in a single process. Biography. Mark Jensen is the Jerry and Tina Grandey University Chair in Nuclear Science and Engineering, Professor of Chemistry, and Director of the Nuclear Science and Engineering Program at the Colorado School of Mines. He earned a Ph.D. in inorganic and nuclear chemistry from the Florida State University studying the environmental chemistry of radioactive waste.
    [Show full text]
  • Actinide Overview
    2 Meet the Presenter… Alena Paulenova Dr. Alena Paulenova is Associate Professor in the Department of Nuclear Engineering and Director of the Laboratory of Transuranic Elements at the OSU Radiation Center. She is also Adjunct Professor at the Department of Chemistry at Oregon State University , a Joint Research faculty with Idaho National Laboratory, Division of Aqueous Separations and Radiochemistry and a member of the INEST Fuel Cycle Core Committee. She received her Ph.D. in Physical Chemistry in 1985 from the Moscow/Kharkov State University. Until 1999, she was a faculty member at the Department of Nuclear Chemistry and Radioecology of Comenius University in Bratislava, then a visiting scientist at Clemson University and Washington State University in Pullman. In 2003 she joined the faculty at OSU as a Coordinator of the Radiochemistry Program at OSU Radiation Center to bring her experience to the task of helping to educate a new generation of radiochemists: http://oregonstate.edu/~paulenoa/. Her research interest has focused on application of radioanalytical and spectroscopic methods to speciation of radionuclides in aqueous and organic solutions and development of separation methods for spent nuclear fuel cycle processing, decontamination and waste minimization. The main efforts of her research group are fundamental studies of the kinetics and thermodynamics of the complexation of metals, primary actinides and fission products, with organic and inorganic ligands and interactions with redox active species, and the effects of radiolysis and hydrolysis in these systems. Contact: (+1) 541-737-7070 E-mail: [email protected]. An Overview of Actinide Chemistry Alena Paulenova National Analytical Management Program (NAMP) U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Recovery of Value Fission Platinoids from Spent Nuclear Fuel PART I: GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS and BASIC CHEMISTRY
    Recovery of Value Fission Platinoids from Spent Nuclear Fuel PART I: GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS AND BASIC CHEMISTRY By Zdenek Kolarik Retired from ForschungszentrumKarlsruhe, POB 3640,76021 Karlsruhe, Germany Present address: Kolberger Str. 9,76139 Karlsruhe, Germany and Edouard V. Renard A. A. Bochvar All-Russian Institute of Inorganic Materials, 123060 Moscow, Russia Radioactive high-level liquid wastes originating,from reprocessing spent nuclear fuel can be a valuable source ofplatinum metals. The recovery of.fission palladium and rhodium is ofparticular interest and is being investigated worldwide. The radioactivity oj'jiwion platinoids is reduced to a non-hazardous level after decontamination from other fission products by a factor of 10"'. The intrinsic radioactivity offission palladium is weak and can be tolerated in many applications, while that offission rhodium decays to an acceptable level only after storing for about 30 years. With emphasis on recent achievements, this papeK which covers periodical, report and patent literature, reviews the behaviour offission platinoids in basic separation operations. Aqueous methods, such as solvent extraction, ion exchange, electrolysis, precipitation and redox reactions, are dealt with as well as pyrochemical methods, such as molten saltdmetal extraction and solid phase reactions. A second part, to be published in a later issue, considers separation processes. The management of fission-produced platinum when it was recognised that fission platinoids iso- metals (platinoids), namely ruthenium (Ru), rho&- lated from radioactive high-level liquid wastes um (Rh) and palladium (Pd), has been developing (HLL.Ws) were potentially useful products. As a as a topic of research throughout the history of considerable volume of HLLW is produced world- nuclear chemistry.
    [Show full text]
  • The Radiochemistry of Americium and Curium
    mLs-IIs-3G05 THE RADIOCHR+ISIIH OF AMERICIIRJIMD CURIUM Urlivweity of’ California Los Alam9, California January 1960 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NationalTwhnkal InformatloaSmlco National . Academy d Sciences - NUCLEAR SCIENCESERIES d Amerkiwm fm’dlCwkn-% ... ... -- . .. ..” COMMITTEE ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE John Huixmgn, CYrar”rman.Nuclear Structure Re-rch Labamtory lfton~ A. Tombmilo, Wee ~ahxim California Institum of TachnoIogy C. K. Rad. Exacutiw Sacnrrary. N’mend XMY of Sciarrcas Lowell M. 8ollinW, Aqomu Natkmal Mror-stow ~ Dyar, Unititv of Washington Ruaaell Hearh, ~rojet Nuclear Co., Inc. Roy K. Mtddlaton, Uniwtity of Pernaylvmria 1. Lon ~rgan, Columbia -tifie lrrd~strim G. Davis OKallay, Oak Rim National Laboratory G. C. Phillip. Rice Uniwmity Ham N. Wagner,Jr.. The Johm Hopkins Medical Instinmona Josph Wen~, Erookhawn Nsrtiomtl Laboratory Sboldon Wolff, Uniwraity of Califorrm rhien-Shiung Wu. Calumbia Uniwrsty AJaxandm Zudmr, Oais Ridga National La&ratow .- Liaison Members William S. Rodney, National Scianca Foundation Gsorga L. Rogos. (J. S. Department of Enaqy SUBCOMMITTEE ON. RADIC)CHEMISTRY G. 0aui3.=dlby.’Chair.man. D& Rim National Laoorato~ Glsn E. Gordon. Uni.-tiW of Maryland Roffc I-I. Herbar. Rutgarx Univaraky John A. Midtol. Lawrence Livmrrmm Lanorazory Harold A. O’Brien. Jr.. Los Alamm Scimt.fic Lnboratorv Richard W. Pwtmta, Battalta Pacific Normwast Laborarorms Anaranr F. Stahney. Argonna National Lahwarory Kurt Wolfsbarg, Los Alamos .%ant!fic Laboratmy Liaison Members . &hn L. Burnarsa, U. S. Depwbtrant of Ermrgy Frad Finoaia, National Sciinm Foundation (hla~mhip = of November 19771 ---- ...- . ,-- I . .. The Radiocbwnishy d Americium =5cI Curium- mlulaF. 1960 u.s -. %blished W ~=hlli~%l ln+orma~ion C~12i .- U S. ATOMK ENERGY COid%115Sl UH .- -.
    [Show full text]
  • Radioactivity and X-Rays
    Radioactivity and X-rays Applications and health effects by Thormod Henriksen Preface The present book is an update and extension of three previous books from groups of scientists at the University of Oslo. The books are: I. Radioaktivitet – Stråling – Helse Written by; Thormod Henriksen, Finn Ingebretsen, Anders Storruste and Erling Stranden. Universitetsforlaget AS 1987 ISBN 82-00-03339-2 I would like to thank my coauthors for all discussions and for all the data used in this book. The book was released only a few months after the Chernobyl accident. II. Stråling og Helse Written by Thormod Henriksen, Finn Ingebretsen, Anders Storruste, Terje Strand, Tove Svendby and Per Wethe. Institute of Physics, University of Oslo 1993 and 1995 ISBN 82-992073-2-0 This book was an update of the book above. It has been used in several courses at The University of Oslo. Furthermore, the book was again up- dated in 1998 and published on the Internet. The address is: www.afl.hitos.no/mfysikk/rad/straling_innh.htm III. Radiation and Health Written by Thormod Henriksen and H. David Maillie Taylor & Francis 2003 ISBN 0-415-27162-2 This English written book was mainly a translation from the books above. I would like to take this opportunity to thank David for all help with the translation. The three books concentrated to a large extent on the basic properties of ionizing radiation. Efforts were made to describe the background ra- diation as well as the release of radioactivity from reactor accidents and fallout from nuclear explosions in the atmosphere. These subjects were of high interest in the aftermath of the Chernobyl accident.
    [Show full text]
  • Curium in Space
    ROBIN JOHANSSON Curium in Space KTH Royal Institute of Technology Master Thesis 2013-05-05 Abstract New technology has shown the possibility to use a miniature satellite in conjunction with an electric driven engine to make a spiral trajectory into space from a low earth orbit. This report has done an investigation of the new technique to produce power sources replacing solar panels which cannot be used in missions out in deep space. It is in essence an alternative use of curium among the many proposals on how to handle the intermediate stored used nuclear fuel or once through nuclear fuel as some people prefer to call it. The idea of sending radioactive used nuclear fuel into outer space has been considered before. There was a proposal, for example, to load a space shuttle with radioactive material. This could have serious consequences to the nearby population in the event of a major malfunction to the shuttle. The improvement to this old idea is to use a small satellite with only a fraction of the spent fuel. With this method and other technological advances, it is possible to further reduce the risk of contamination in the event of a crash. This report has looked into the nuclear energy production of Sweden and the current production of transuranium elements (Pu, Np, Am and Cm). The report has also focused on the curium (Cm) part of the transuranium elements, which is the most difficult to recycle in a fast neutron spectra. The physical property of curium reduces many of the safety parameters in the reactor as it is easily transmutated into californium, which is a high neutron emitter.
    [Show full text]